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The Conduct of a Faina Monk
177 Secondary duties af the monk (Uttaraguna)
We have dealt with the cardinal moral virtues of a monk. He must also possess some minor virtues which are corollaries of the main virtues. The monk is expected to be friendly to all. He should be punctual, indifferent to pains and pleasures, and should not give way to anger at being condemned. He should not be proud and should love loneliness.1
Daśavaikālika lays down that a monk should not reside at one place. He should not take food daily from the same houses. He should not move about in the four months of rainy season; but should not stay for those four months at the same place. Thus he avoids attachment to a particular place.
Sallekhanā
We have already referred to this practice of voluntary death in the foregoing chapter. Deaths have been classified under five heads :3 (1) The wisest or 'Pandita-paņdita' death is the death of a kevali who leaves his body after exhausting his karmans and, therefore, need not take any birth after death. He has attained the summum bonum of life. (2) The wiser or 'Pandita' death is the death of a monk who dies in tranquillity. He has performed his spiritual duties to the best of his capabilities in this life but unfortunately could not attain his ultimate end and is, therefore, leaving this body voluntarily to continue his aspirations in another body where he will have better chances to fulfil his aim. (3) The wise or 'Bāla-pañdita' death is the death of a householder who could not take to monk's life but practised partial self-control while staying at home. (4) The foolish or 'Bāla' death is the death of an uncontrolled right believer. Though he had the seed of salvation in him, his life could not be a success since he practically lost this life in enjoyment of worldly pleasures and did not practise any self-control. (5) The worst or 'Bālabāla' death is the death of a wrong believer, who has
1. Cf. Uttarādhyayana, Lecture. XXI. 2. Daśavaikālika, cūlikā, 2.
Also Uttaradhyayana, Lecture XI. 3. Jaina, C.R., Samnyāsadharma, pp. 121-122.
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