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Jaina Ethics Besides, mention may be made of Samantabhadra, who considers paisunya (calumny) and parivāda (reproach), and of Somadeva? who considers mudhāsākṣipadokti (false evidence), as the transgressions of the vow of truthfulness.
Now we deal with these aticāras in some details.
(1) Mithyopadeśadāna : According to Cāmundarāya, it means such advice as is detrimental to the attainment of liberation or heaven.3 Āsādhara explains it as speaking such words as may cause suffering to others or show the methods of winning in a dispute by dishonesty.
(2) Rahobhyākhyāna : In Digambard, tradition it means divulging secret actions of men and women.5 Siddhasena Gaņin seems to interpret this aticāra in the sense of svadāramantrabheda of Upāsakadašānga.6
(3) Kūțalekhakriyā : It means alleging in writing what was not in fact said or done by someone.? Siddhasena Garin connects it with false writing of symbols on birch bark. 8
(4) Nyāsāpahāra : It means dishonesty with regard to the deposits of a person. If a person deposited Rs. 500 with another man but forgot the exact amount, the second may then deceive him by saying that he had deposited only Rs. 400 with himo. Then this would be aticāra called nyāsāpahāra.
(5) Sākāramantrabheda : It means divulging the intention of a person as inferred from his facial expressions.10 Praise of truthfulness :
The Jaina scriptures praise truthfulness as a great virtue. A liar suffers in this life and the next. A truthful man, on the other hand, enjoys great security.11 A truthful man should neither exaggerate, nor find fault with others, nor use indecent speech, and should use noble, beneficial and balanced speech.
DA CON
1. Ratnakarandaśrāvakācāra, 56. 2. Upāsakādhyayana, 381.
Caritrasāra, Shri Mahaviraji, VNS 2488, p. 9. 4. Sāgāradharmāmrta, 4.45.
Pujyapāda on Tattv ārthasūtra, 7.26. Ganin, Siddhasena on Tattvārthas ütra, 7.21 (p. 105). Căritrasāra, p. 19.
Ganin, Siddhasena on Tattvārthasūtra, 7.21. 9. Ibid., 7-21. 10. Ibid., 7.21. 11. Yogaśāstra, 2.53-64.
8.
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