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The Conduct of a Householder
125
above five anuvratas. These supplementary vows, collectively known as filavratas, include three gunavratas and four śikṣāvratas. The gunavratas according to Tattvārthasūtra are : 1. Digvrata, 2. Deśāvakāśika, 3. Anarthadaņdavrata.
The Svetāmbara tradition replaces deśāvakāśikavrata by bhogopabhoga, a practice which is followed by Kundakunda, Kārtikeya, Samantabhadra and Āsādhara also.
The four śikṣāvratas according to Tattvārthas ūtra are : 1. Sāmāyika, 2. Proșadhopavāsa, 3. Bhogopabhoga and 4. Ātithisamvibhāga.3
As Svetāmbara tradition includes bhogopabhoga in gunavratas, it replaces this vrata by deśāvakāśikat which, as shown above, is a guņavrata according to Tattvārthasūtra. Samantabhadra, Āsādhara and Kārtikeya follow the Svetāmbara tradition here also.
Kundakunda replaces bhogopabhoga by sallekhana. Vasunandi divides this vrata into two : bhogavirati and paribhogavirati, the other two being dāna and sallekhana.
It would be observed here that there is much difference of opinion regarding the list of guņavratas and sikṣāvratas and there is also some controversy as to the nature of these two categories which is clear from the fact that bhogopabhoga is a gunavrata according to one tradition and śikṣāvrata according to another. It may, however, be pointed out that there is no fundamental differenee amongst ācāryas, and they perhaps classify these vratas differently only due to their personal likings and not on a matter of principle.
According to Samanlabhadra, the guņavratas increase the capacity of observing the five vows with greater determination and purity. In fact, by the observance of gunavratas, the aņuvratas attain the status of mahāvratas for a limited period with reference to the place falling outside the limits set by the aspirant.6
The śikṣāvratas, as the name shows, are helpful in
1. Tattvārthasūtra, 7.16. 2. Upāsak adaśānga, 1.11. (pp. 216-226). 3. Tattvārthasūtra, 7.16. 4. Upāsakadašānga, 1.11 (p. 227). 5. Ratnakarandaśrāvak ācāra, 67. 6. Ibid., 70.
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