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The Conduct of a Jaina Monk
151
monk, gives the following twenty-eight qualities of a monk. These qualities are known as Mūlaguņas.
1-5. Five great vows (pañcamahāvratas). 6-10. Five-fold path of vigilance (Pañcasamitis). 11-15. Control of five senses (Indriyajaya). 16-21. Six essential duties (Saḍāvasyakas). 22. Pulling out of the hair (Keśaluñcana). 23. Nudity.
24. Non-bathing.
25. Sleeping on the ground.
26. Not cleaning the teeth.
27. Taking food in standing posture.
28. Eating only once in twentyfour hours (Ekabhakta).1
The Svetambara tradition, as already shown, does not take nudity to be an essential quality of a monk. Besides this, the last two qualities also do not find a place amongst essentials of a monk in the Svetambara tradition. Both the sects claim antiquity for their respective traditions. The Svetämbara tradition enumerates the following essentials for a monk2 :
1.
1-5. Five great vows.
6. Not taking food in the night.
7-11. Controlling the five senses.
12. Inner purity.
13. Purity of possessions of a monk.
14.
15.
2.
Forgiveness. Detachment.
16. Mental goodness.
17. Vocal goodness.
Now, before coming to the outfit of a monk, which constitutes his secondary attributes, we shall deal with these primary qualities.
18. Physical goodness.
19-24. Protection of the six types of living beings.
25. Threefold discipline.
26.
Forbearance.
27.
Sallekhanävrata.
Mülācāra, 1.2-3. Also Pravacanasara 3.8, 9; 9.84, 85.
Sri Jaina Siddhantabolasaṁgraha, Vol. VI, pp. 228-230.
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