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Jaina Ethics naked and eats in the hollow of his hands.1 Bṛhatkalpabhāṣya says that a Jinakalpa eats food within one 'porisi' of obtaining it,2 and does not go beyond the chief garden for begging his food.3
Sthavirakalpa monk resides in Samgha and is bound by its rules. He wears clothes and has requisites with him than Jinakalpa.
a greater number of
In
The distinction of Jinakalpa and Sthavirakalpa cannot apply to Digambara monks, all of whom remain naked. Hinduism, of course, we can compare Jinakalpa with 'paramahamsa', 'turiyātita' or 'avadhuta' types of Sadhus whereas the sthavirakalpa can be compared to 'kuticaka', 'bahüdaka' and 'hamsa' types of ascetics.4
Among other classes of Jaina monks, sthānanga makes a mention of the following types:
2.
1. Pulāka who lacks a higher degree of mental purity. Bakufa who is slightly attached to his possessions. 3. Kuśila-who, though observing the primary rules of conduct, transgresses the secondary rules.5
All these types refer to such Sadhus as are a little inferior to real Sadhus and fall short of that high standard.
There is another classification which mentions pseudo Sadhus of various types.
1. Pārsvastha-who try to earn their livelihood by religious observances.
2. Samasakta-who practise magic.
3. Avasanna-who, though outwardly observing all the rules of conduct, are devoid of right attitude and knowledge. 4. Mrgacaritra-who dissociate themselves with the Samgha and show looseness in character."
Essential qualities of a monk :
Mulācāra, the basic text for the conduct of a Digambara
I. Max Müller, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. 22, p. 57, f. n. 2.
2. Bṛhatkalpabhāṣya, Vol. V. 5264-5267.
3. Ibid., Vol. V, 5290.
4. Cf. Sharma, Har Dutt, Contribution to the History of Brāhmaṇical Asceticism, Poona, 1939, pp. 30-31.
5. Sthananga, Ahmedabad, 1937, 5.3.445.
6. Jaina, C.R., Samnyasa Dharma, London, 1926, p. 23.
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