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The Conduct of a Householder
129
ing a field, and unnecessary travelling under pramādācarita. Hemacandra has also included recreations like going to see a dance or drama, or playing with dice, or watching cockfights or sleeping for the whole night even when one is neither ill nor tired on account of journey.2
. 4. Himsādāna : pūjyapāda has explained it as supplying of poison, thorns, weapons, fire, rope, whips, staffs, and other such objects as may lead to violence.3 Svāmikārtikeya thinks that keeping of such violent animals as cats, and doing business in such materials as irons and lac come under this head. Hemacandra has pointed out that objects like carts, ploughs, etc. could be given only to one's son or other relatives as a sort of help.
5. Duḥśruti : It means listening to or reciting such stories which excite passion. Kārtikeya has given the example of reading Kāmaśāstra under this heading.? Aśādhara has given examples of each type of literature which may be included under this heading. Kāmas ātra is given as an example of sex literature, lataka of violence, vārtānīti of parigraha, vīrakathā of sāhasa, Brahmādvaita of mithyātva, vašikaraṇatantra of rāga, and text exalting the position of Brāhmaṇa as example of literature which incites pride (mada).8 The transgressions of anarthada ndavrata
The five transgressions which defile the vow of anarthadandavrata according to Tattvārthas ūtra are as follows® :
(i) kandarpa-licentious speech, (ii) kautkucya-obscene speech, (iii) maukharya-prattling senselessly, (iv) asamiksyādhikarana—acting without thought, (v) Upabhogādhi kya-excess in enjoyments.
Somadeva also includes giving instructions for the follow
1. Sāgāradharmamyta, 5.10-11. 2. Yogaśāstra, 3.78-80. 3. Pujyapada on Tattvārthasūtra, 7.21. 4. Kärtikeyānuprek șă, 347. 5. Hemacandra on Yogaśāstra, 3.77 (p. 173). 6. Puruşärthasiddhyup āya, 145. 7. Kārtikeyānuprekşā, 348. 8. Sāgāradharmāmặta, 5.9. (p. 171) 9. Tattvārthasūtra, 7.27; Also Upāsakadašānga, 1.52.
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