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Transgression of proșadhopavāsavrata
Tattvärthas ūtra gives the following five aticāras of prosadhopavāsavrata :
1. Apratyavekṣitāpramarjitotsarga: This means that bodily discharge should not be thrown on a spot which is not wellexamined and swept.1
2. Apratyavekṣitāpramārjitādānanikşepa: Similar care should be taken while picking up or laying down any object like sticks, etc.2 Pujyapāda includes careful handling of objects used for Jinapūjā or in obeisance to the guru.3
3. Apratyavekşitäpramärjita-samstara: The same care should be taken in handling one's bed, which should be made of kusā or blanket.4
4. Anādara : It means lack of zeal in performing the necessary duties.5 What is desirable is withdrawing oneself from food and worldly enjoyments, not only outwardly but inwardly also.
5. Smrtyanupasthana: This aticara corresponds to the last aticara of sāmāyika. It means forgetfulness about the observance of proṣadhopavāsa. It also means lack of concentration of mind in observing the fast."
Atithis amvibhāgavrata
Samantabhadra extends the scope of this vrata, by calling it Vaiyyavṛtya, which means any physical service including removal of ailments or massaging of feet of the monk.8 Kartikeya defines atithisamvibhāgavrata as offering of four kinds of gifts to the three kinds of recipients in conformity with the nine-fold process. Tattvārthas utra mentions the
1.
Pujyapada on Tattvārthasutra, 7.34. 2. Ganin, Siddhasena on Ibid., 7.29.
Jaina Ethics
3. Pujyapada on Ibid., 7.34.
4. Ganin, Siddhasena on Ibid., 7.34.
5. Ibid., 7.28-29.
6. Ibid., 7.28-29.
7. Sāgāradharmāmṛta, 5.40.
8. Ratnakaraṇḍaśravakācāra, 112.
9. Kartikeyanuprekṣā, 360-361.
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