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Jaina Ethics
extra grains etc. at some place to bring it to one's house when the commodity that already exists is exhausted.
(4) Dvipadacatuspadapramāṇātikramaņa : This means so arranging that even though the animals do not actually give birth to the younger ones during the period of vow, they become pregnant and give birth to the younger ones after the expiry of the period of the vow...
(5) Kupyadhātupramāṇātikramana : This means welding ornaments to keep their number within the limit of the vow. Similarly, other objects may be acquired and joined with the already existing ones so as to keep the number unchanged and yet actually exceed the limit.
These aticāras of aparigraha point to the weakness of human nature, which is often self-deceptive. A man may declare to the world that he is greedless and yet may satisfy his desire for acquiring new objects under one or the o pretext. Samantabhadra has given a different list of the atic of this vowi :
(1) Ativāhana : Compelling the beasts of burden to cover more distance than they can easily do, out of greed. .
(2) Atisamgraha : Hoarding of grains out of greed to sell them at higher price at a later date.
(3) Ativismaya : To be extremely sad at a loss incurred in some transaction.
(4) Atilobha : To desire for a higher price when a reasonable price has already been offered for an article.
(5) Atibhāra-Vāhana : Overloading the animal out of
greed.
This means that a householder is expected to be a contented type of man. He should not sacrifice either his own spiritual well-being or the social well-being of others at the alter of uncontrolled greed. Hoarding and profiteering which are impediments to spiritual progress are also obstacles in establishing economic justice in the society, and retard social progress.
The supplementary vows of a householder The following seven supplementary vows protect the
1. Ratnakarandaśrāvakācāra, 62.
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