Sramana 1992 04

Author(s): Ashok Kumar Singh
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525010/1

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| jj-jul 42 aaj 42 o 4 Jain Education Intemational Ford Private Personalise wordenya yung Sala R50 bnlaalsaaruchlaakhgiit, nhaakaash

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pradhAna sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina sampAdaka DA0 azoka kumAra siMha sahasampAdaka DA0 zivaprasAda varSa 43 apraila-jUna 1992 aMka 4-6 prastuta aMka meM 1. guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa --pro0 sAgaramala jaina 1 2. jaina darzana meM zabdArtha sambandha --DA0 sudarzana lAla jaina 27 3. jAliharagaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa --DA0 zivaprasAda 41 4. prAkRta jainAgama paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra tathA usakI pAribhASika zabdAvalI --DA0 kamaleza jaina 47 5. triSaSTizalAkApuruSa carita meM pratipAdita sAMskRtika jIvana --DA0 umezacandra zrIvAstava 69 vArSika zulka cAlisa rupaye eka prati dasa rupayA yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki lekhaka ke vicAroM se sampAdaka athavA saMsthAna sahamata ho|

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gatAMka se Age guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa pro0 0 sAgaramala jaina I niyukti evaM zve0 karmasAhitya ke pariprekSya meM - pUrva nibandha meM hamane guNasthAna siddhAnta ke vikAsa kI pUrva avasthA ke rUpa meM tattvArthasUtra meM pratipAdita karma- nirjarA ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dasa avasthAoM / guNazreNiyoM kI carcA kI thI, jinheM hama guNasthAna siddhAnta kA mUlasrota mAnate haiM / hama isa sambandha meM apanI khoja jArI rakhe hue the ki tattvArthasUtra meM varNita ina dasa avasthAoM kA Agamika AdhAra kyA hai ? aura ina avasthAoM kA prAcInatama ullekha kisa graMtha meM milatA hai ? apanI isa khoja ke daurAna hamane zvetAmbara mAnya Agama sAhitya kA Alor3ana kiyA kintu usameM hameM kahIM bhI ina avasthAoM kA ullekha prApta nahIM ho skaa| yadi vidvAnoM ko isakA koI saMketa bhI upalabdha ho to hameM sUcita kreN| usake bAda hamane prAcInatama Agamika vyAkhyAoM kI dRSTi se niyuktiyoM kA adhyayana prArambha kiyA aura saMyoga se AcArAGga niyukti meM samyaktva parAkrama nAmaka caturtha adhyAya kI niyukti meM ina dasa avasthAoM kA ullekha karane vAlI nimna do gAthAe~ upalabdha huIM sammattupattI sAvae ya virae anaMtakammaMse / daMsaNamohakkhavae uvasAmaMte ya uvasaMte ||22|| khavara ya khINamohe jiNe aseDhI bhave asaMkhijjA / tavvivarIo kAlo saMkhijjaguNAi seDhIe ||23|| - AcArAGga niyukti (niyukti saMgraha pR0 441 ) ---- yadi hama niyukti sAhitya ko tattvArthasUtra kI apekSA prAcIna mAnate haiM to hameM yaha kahanA hogA ki tattvArthasUtra kI ina dasa avasthAoM kA prAcInatama srota AcArAMga niyukti hI hai / yadyapi

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 AcArAGga niyukti meM jisa sthala para ye gAthAe~ haiM, unheM dekhate hue aisA lagatA hai ki ye gAthAe~ mUlataH niyuktikAra kI nahIM haiM apitu pUrva sAhitya ke kisI karma siddhAnta sambandhI grantha se ina gAthAoM ko isameM avatarita kiyA gayA hai kyoMki samyaktva-parAkrama kI carcA ke prasaMga meM ye gAthAe~ bahata adhika prAsaGgika nahIM lagatI haiN| phira bhI gaNazreNI kI avadhAraNA kA abhI taka jo bhI prAcInatama srota upalabdha hai, vaha to yahI hai| ina donoM gAthAoM meM karma-nirjarA kI kramika adhikatA kI dRSTi se nimna dasa avasthAoM kA citraNa huA hai-- 1. samyaktvotpatti, 2. zrAvaka, 3. virata, 4. anantaviyojaka (agaMtakammase), 5. darzanamohakSapaka, 6. upazamaka, 7 upazAnta, 4. kSapaka, 9 kSINa moha aura 10. jina / ina daza avasthAoM kA guNasthAna siddhAnta se kisa rUpa meM sambandha hai aura kitanI samAnatA aura vibhinnatA hai isakI vistRta carcA to hama pUrva nibandha meM kara cuke haiM phira bhI tulanAtmaka dRSTi se isa saMbandha meM saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| guNasthAna siddhAnta kI 14 avasthAoM meM se mithyA dRSTi, sAsvAdana aura mizra yA samyak mithyA dRSTi-ina tIna avasthAoM kI carcA isameM nahIM hai| isakI prathama samyaktvotpatti nAmaka avasthA guNasthAna siddhAnta ke aupazamika samyak dRSTi ke samAna hai| isI prakAra dUsarI aura tIsarI zrAvaka aura virata avasthA guNasthAna siddhAnta ke pA~caveM dezavrata aura chaThe pramatta saMyata guNasthAna ke samAna haiN| anantaviyojaka ko sAtaveM apramata saMyata guNasthAna se talanIya mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki isa avasthA meM kSAyika samyak dRSTi kI prApti ke lie sAdhaka yathApravRttikaraNa Adi tIna karaNa karatA hai| kintu isakI pA~cavIM avasthA darzanamohakSapaka kI tulanA apUrvakaraNa nAmaka AThaveM guNasthAna karaNa se nahIM kI jA sktii| isakI kaSAya upazama aura upazAMtakaSAya avasthAoM ko dasaveM aura gyArahaveM guNasthAna se tulanIya mAnA jA sakatA hai| agalI do avasthAe~ kSapaka aura kSINa moha meM kSapaka kA guNasthAna siddhAnta meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai yadyapi kSINamoha bArahaveM kSINamoha gUNasthAna ke samAna hI hai| jina avasthA ko hama sayogI kevalI kI avasthA kaha sakate haiM kintu isameM ayogI

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa kevalI kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| guNasthAna siddhAnta meM jo upazama zreNI aura kSAyika zreNI kI dRSTi se alaga-alaga carcA kI jAtI hai usakA isa avadhAraNA meM abhAva hai| vastutaH isa avadhAraNA meM upazama aura kSAyika zreNiyoM ko alaga-alaga na karake yaha mAnA gayA ki upazama ke bAda hI kSAyika bhAva utpanna hotA hai| samyaktva-utpatti, zrAvaka aura virata ye tInoM avasthAe~ aupazamika samyak darzana aura vyavahAra cAritra kI sUcaka haiN| eka dRSTi se hama inheM darzanamoha upazamaka aura darzanamoha upazAnta kI avasthA kaha sakate haiM / ananta. viyojaka aura darzanamoha kSapaka ko hama kSAyika samyak darzana kI utpatti aura darzanamoha ke kSINa hone kI avasthA kaha sakate haiM / Age jo cAra avasthAe~ kahI gayI haiM ve cAritra moha kI dRSTi se haiM / kaSAya-upazamaka, kaSAya-upazAMta, kaSAya-kSapaka aura kSINa kaSAya yA kSINamoha / ina cAroM avasthAoM kA sambandha anantAnubaMdhI ko chor3akara kaSAyacatuSka kI apratyAkhyAnI, pratyAkhyAnI aura saMjvalana caukar3I ko aura nokaSAyoM kA pahale upazama phira kSaya karane se hai / ina avasthAoM meM upazamaka aura upazAnta kSapaka aura kSINa--inakA spaSTa aura alaga-alaga ullekha hone se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki yaha avadhAraNA upazama aura kSAyika ko alaga-alaga na mAnakara upazama ke pazcAt kSAyika zreNI se vikAsa kI carcA karatI hai| isa samagra carcA kA niSkarSa yaha hai ki guNasthAna siddhAnta kI avadhAraNA ina dasa avasthAoM kA hI eka vikasita rUpa hai| ina dasa avasthAoM ko hama guNasthAna siddhAnta ke bIja kI saMjJA de sakate haiN| ina avasthAoM ko zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM guNazreNI ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yahA~ guNa zabda kA prayoga sAmAnyatayA karma vargaNA ke pudgaloM ke lie huA hai| merI dRSTi meM isI guNazreNI se hI guNa siddhAnta kA vikAsa huA hai| ___ AdhyAtmika vikAsa yA guNazreNiyoM kI ina daza avasthAoM kI carcA kA prAcInatama upalabdha AdhAra AcArAMga niyukti ko mAnane para yaha zaMkA upasthita hotI hai ki niyuktiyA~ to dvitIya bhadrabAhu (varAhamihira ke bhAI) kI racanAyeM haiM / unakA kAla vidvAn loga IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI mAnate haiN| jabaki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra ko

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 IsA kI prathama zatAbdI se tRtIya zatAbdI ke bIca kI racanA mAnA jAtA hai ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki ina daza avasthAoM kA sarvaprathama citraNa tattvArthasUtra meM hI huA hai| kintu yaha mAnyatA bhI nirdoSa nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki paramparAgata dRSTi se to niyuktiyoM ko bhadrabAhu prathama kI hI kRti mAnA jAtA hai yadyapi niyuktiyoM ko prathama bhadrabAhu kI kRti mAnane para do samasyAeM upasthita hotI haiM-prathama to yaha ki svayaM dazAzrutaskandha niyukti meM hI niyuktikAra chedasUtroM ke kartA prAcIna gotrIya bhadrabAhu ko praNAma karatA hai| yadi chedasUtroM ke kartA bhadrabAhu prathama hI niyuktiyoM ke racanAkAra haiM to ve svayaM apane ko kaise praNAma kara sakate haiM ? dUsarI bAdhA yaha hai ki Avazyaka niyukti meM vI0ni0saM0 185 taka hone vAle sAta nihnavoM kA ullekha AyA hai sAtha hI isameM AryarakSita (vIra nirvANa saM0 584) kA ullekha bhI hai| jabaki AcArya bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa to vIra ni0 saM0 170 arthAt I0 pU0 tRtIya zatI meM hI ho jAtA hai / ve apane se lagabhaga 400 varSa bAda arthAt vIra nirvANa 584 meM hone vAle nihnavoM aura AryarakSita kA ullekha kaise kara sakate haiM ? isaliye vidvAnoM ne yaha mAnA ki niyuktiyA~ bhadrabAhu dvitIya kI racanAe~ haiM kintu niyuktiyoM ko varAhamihira ke bhAI bhadrabAhu kI kRtiyA~ mAnane meM bhI kaI kaThinAiyA~ haiM / yadi hama yaha mAnate haiM ki IsvI san kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM one vAle bhadrabAhu varAhamihira ke bhAI haiM to sabase pahalA prazna yaha uThegA ki vIra ni0 saM0 609 arthAt IsvI san dvitIya zatI meM hone vAle boTika nihnava kI carcA isameM kyoM nahIM hai ? dUsare yaha ki IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke anta taka to guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se A gaI thI unakA antarbhAva niyuktiyoM meM kyoM nahIM ho pAyA, jabaki AcArAMga niyukti tattvArtha ke samAna mAtra daza avasthAoM kI hI 1. vaMdAmi bhaddabAhuM pAINaM carimasayalasuyanANi / suttassa kAragamisi dasAsu kappe ya vavahAre / __--dazAzrutaskaMdha niyukti gAthA--1 2. dekheM--Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 774-783

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa gharcA karatI hai vaha paravartI 11 guNazreNiyoM athavA 14 guNasthAnoM kI carcA kyoM nahIM karatI hai ? niyuktiyoM meM upalabdha viSayavastu kI dRSTi se hameM yahI mAnanA hogA ki ve lagabhaga IsvI san kI dUsarI zatAbdI kI racanA hai| punaH vIra ni0 saM0 585 taka hone vAle nihnavoM kA ullekha aura vIra ni0 saM0 609 meM hone vAle boTika zivabhUti kA abhAva yahI siddha karatA hai ki niyuktiyA~ vIra ni0 saMvat 609/I0 san 142 ke pUrva likhI gaI haiM isa prakAra ve I0 san kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM likhI gaI haiN| yahA~ prazna yaha uThatA hai ki kyA isa kAla meM koI bhadrabAhu hue haiM ? hamane kalpasUtra kI paTTAvalI kA adhyayana karane para yaha pAyA ki Arya kRSNa aura Arya zivabhUti, jinake bIca sacelatA aura acelatA ke prazna ko lekara vivAda huA thA aura boTika saMpradAya kI utpatti huI thI, ke samakAlika eka Aryabhadra hue haiM / ye Arya zivabhUti ke ziSya the ---ye Arya nakSatra evaM Arya rakSita se jyeSTha the aura inakA kAla I0 san kI dvitIya-tRtIya zatAbdI hI rahA hai| ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki niyuktiyA~ inhIM Arya bhadra kI racanAe~ haiM aura Age calakara nAma sAmya aura bhadrabAhu kI prasiddhi ke kAraNa unakI racanAe~ mAnI jAne lgiiN| jisa prakAra prabandhoM ke lekhakoM ne prAcIna bhadrabAhu aura varAhamihira ke bhAI bhadrabAhu ke kathAnaka milA diye haiM usI prakAra niyuktikAra Aryabhadra se bhadrabAhu kI ekarUpatA kara lI gii| punaH niyukti sAhitya meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kI anupasthiti tattvArtha ke samAna daza guNazreNiyoM kA ullekha yahI siddha karatA hai ki ve tattvArthasUtra kI samakAlika athavA usase kvacit pUrvavartI racanAe~ 1. therassa NaM ajjaphaggumittassa goyamasaguttassa ajjadhaNagirI there aMtevAsI vAsiThThasagutta the rassa NaM ajjaghaNagirirasa vAsiThThasaguttassa ajjasivabhUIthere aMtevAsI kucchasagutte / therassa NaM ajjasivabhUissa kucchasaguttassa ajjabhadde there aMtevAsI kAsavagutte / therassa NaM ajjabhaddassa kAsavaguttassa ajjanakkhatte there aMtevAsI kAsavagutte / --kalpasUtra prakA* zrI haMsa vijaya jaina phrI lAyabrarI luNasAvADA, ahamadAbAda pR0 195 /

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 haiM / punaH prajJApanA jaise vikasita Agama meM guNasthAna siddhAnta ke sAtha-sAtha AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ina 10 guNazreNiyoM kI carcA kA abhAva hai / prajJApanA kA racanAkAla vidvAnoM ne I0 san kI prathama zatAbdI mAnA hai ataH hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki niyuktiyA~ I0 san kI dvitIya zatAbdI se lekara tRtIya zatAbdI ke pUrva nirmita huI haiM ataH unheM Aryabhadra kI racanA mAnakara I0 san kI dvitIya zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa meM rakhanA anupayukta nahIM hogA / yahA~ koI yaha prazna uThA sakatA hai ki Avazyakaniyukti kI pratikramaNa niyukti meM gAthA saM0 1287 ke pazcAt kI do gAthAoM meM caudasabhUtagAmehiM ke bAda 14 guNasthAnoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai lekina ye donoM gAthAe~ jinameM 14 guNasthAnoM kA ullekha huA hai, prakSipta haiM aura inakI gaNanA Avazyakaniyukti kI gAthAoM meM nahIM kI jAtI hai / Avazyaka niyukti kI AThavIM zatAbdI kI haribhadra kI TIkA meM ina gAthAoM ko niyukti gAthA ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA gayA hai / apitu jIva samAsa kI carcA ke prasaMga meM inheM kisI saMgrahaNI gAthA ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| ataH yaha suspaSTa hai ki niyukti sAhitya meM 14 guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA pUrNatayA anupasthita hai aura unameM tattvArtha ke samAna hI dasa hI guNazreNiyoM kI carcA hai / jaisA ki hamane saMketa kiyA hai ki AcArAMganiyukti meM upalabdha karma nirjarA ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI carcA karane vAlI ye gAthAe~ niyuktikAra kI na hokara karma siddhAnta sambandhI pUrva sAhitya ke kisI grantha se lI gaI haiM / yadyapi yaha niyukti gAthA ke rUpa meM mAnya hai / jisa prakAra ye gAthAe~ SaTkhaMDAgama ke vedanA khaMDa kI cUlikA meM avatarita kI gaIM aura vahIM se Age dhavalA TIkA aura gommaTasAra meM bhI gaI haiM usI prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI karmasiddhAnta sambandhI, kisI prAcIna graMtha kA aMza hokara vahA~ se niyuktiyoM meM aura karma siddhAnta sambandhI prAcIna aura arvAcIna karmagranthoM meM tathA paMcasaMgraha meM ye gAthAyeM avatarita kI jAtI rahIM 1. dekheM Avazyaka niyukti (haribhadrIya TIkA ) bhAga 2 pR0 107

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa haiM / niyukti ke pazcAt zvetAmbara paramparA meM ye gAthAe~ kvacit pAThabheda ke sAtha zivazarmasUri (I0 san pA~cavIM zatI) praNIta karma prakRti meM upalabdha hotI haiN| prastuta gAthAe~ Avazyakaniyukti aura SaTkhaMDAgama meM avatarita gAthAoM ke samAna haiN| isa sambandha meM yahA~ hama vizeSa carcA karanA Avazyaka nahIM samajhate haiM kevala itanA hI batA denA paryApta hai ki isa zivazarmasUri kI karmaprakRti meM inakA avataraNa prAsaMgika hai| sAtha hI inakI itanI vizeSatA avazya hai ki isameM 'jiNe ya duvihe' kahakara sayogI aura ayogI aise do prakAra ke jinoM kI avadhAraNA A gaI hai aura isa prakAra inameM 10 ke sthAna para 11 guNazreNiyA~ mAna lI gaI haiN| ataH inakI sthiti SaTkhaNDAgama ke vyAkhyA sUtroM ke anurUpa hai| zivazarmasUri kI karmaprakRti ke pazcAt ye gAthAe~ kvacit pAThabheda ke sAtha punaH candrarSi kRta paMcasaMgraha (I0 san AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva) ke bandhadvAra ke udaya nirUpaNa meM milatI haiM, vahA~ ye nimna rUpa meM prastuta haiM --- saMmattadesasaMpunnaviraiuppattiaNavisaMjoge / daMsaNakhavaNe mohassa, samaNe uvasaMta khavage ya / khINAitige assaMkhaguNiyaguNase Dhidaliya jhkmso| sammattAINekkArasaNha kAlo u saMkhase / / - paMcasaMgraha bandhadvAra, udayanirUpaNa gAthA 114-15 yahA~ bhI kvacit pAThabheda ko chor3akara ye gAthAeM samAna hI haiN| nAmoM kI dRSTi se yahA~ 1. samyaktva, 2. dezavirata, 3. sarvavirata, 4. anantAnubandhI visaMyojaka (aNavisaMjoge), 5. darzanamohakSapaka, 1. sammattuppA sAvaya virae saMjoyaNAviNAse ya / dasaNamohakkhavage kasAya uvasAmaguvasaMte / / khavage ya khINamohe jiNe ya duvihe asaMkhaguNA / udayo tavivarIo kAlo saMkhejja guNaseDhI // -karma prakRti (udayakaraNa) gAthA 394-5

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 6. (kaSAya zamaka) upazAnta 7. kSapaka 8-10. kSINa, Adi-trika arthAt kSINamoha, sayogI kevalI aura ayogI kevlii| ina gAthAoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki inake anta meM samyaktva Adi ekAdaza guNazreNiyoM kA ullekha hai| ye ekAdaza guNazreNiyA~ kevalI ke sayogI aura ayogI aise do vibhAga karane para hI banatI haiN| saMbhavataH pAMcavIM-chaThI zatAbdI ke pazcAt guNa sthAna siddhAnta meM sayogI aura ayogI avadhAraNA ke Ane para jina nAmaka dasavIM avasthA ke vibhAjana se guNa zreNI kI saMkhyA 10 se bar3hakara 11 ho gaI aura vaha donoM hI paramparAoM meM saMrakSita hotI rhii| zvetAmbara paramparA meM ina 11 guNazreNiyoM kA hameM antima ullekha devendrasUri viracita arvAcIna karmagranthoM meM zataka nAmaka paJcama karma grantha meM 82 vI gAthA meM prApta hotA hai jo ki nimna rUpa meM hai-- sammadarasasavva viraI u aNavisaMjoyadaMsakhavage ya / mohasamasaMtakhavage, khINa sajogiyara guNaseDhI / / prastuta gAthA kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM do gAthAoM ke vivaraNa ko saMkSipta sAMketika zabdoM ke AdhAra para eka hI gAthA meM samAhita kara diyA gayA hai jaise samyag dRSTi ke lie samma, dezavratI ke lie dara, ananta-visaMyojaka ke lie aNavisaMjoya, darzana mohakSapaka ke lie daMsakhavage Adi isa prakAra ke saMkSipta zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai isI prakAra upazama ke lie kevala zama, upazAMta ke lie kevala saMta aura kSINamoha ke lie kevala khINa zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai kintu jina ke sthAna para sajogI aura itara aisI do avasthAoM kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai| devendrasUri kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne isa gAthA kI svopajJa TIkA meM ina saMkSipta zabdoM ke artha ko spaSTa karane ke sAtha-sAtha ina ekAdaza guNazreNiyoM kA na kevala spaSTIkaraNa prastuta kiyA hai apitu ina guNazreNiyoM kI guNa sthAna kI avadhAraNA se nikaTatA bhI sUcita kI hai| sAtha hI isake bhAvArtha ko bhI TIkA meM spaSTa kiyA

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa hai| isa prakAra guNasthAna siddhAnta ke bIja rUpa ina guNa zreNiyoM kA ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA meM AcArAMga niyukti se lekara navIna karma granthoM taka arthAt I0 san kI dUsarI zatAbdI se lekara 13vIM zatAbdI taka nirantara rUpa se milatA hai| ina guNa zreNiyoM kA guNasthAna siddhAnta se kyA sambandha hai yaha bhI devendrasUri kI TIkA se spaSTa ho jAtA hai aura isase hamArI isa avadhAraNA kI puSTi hotI hai ki guNasthAna siddhAnta kA AdhAra karmanirjarA ke AdhAra para sUcita karane vAlI ye guNazreNiyA~ hI haiN|" 1. guNazregayaH ekAdaza bhavantIti sambandha: / kutra kutra ? ityAha---"sammadara samvaviraI u" ityAdi / tatra "samma" ti samyaktvaM-samyagdarzanaM tallAbhe ekA guNazreNiH / tathA viratizabdasya pratyekaM sambandhAd daraviratiH- dezaviratistallAbhe dvitIyA guNazreNiH / sarvaviratiHsampUrNaviratistallAbhe tRtIyA guNazreNiH / "aNavisaMjoya" tti anantAnubandhivisaMyojanAyAM caturthI guNazreNiH / "daMsakhavage' tti padaikadeze padaprayogadarzanAd darzanasya-darzana mohanIyasya kSapako darzanakSapakastatra tadviSayA paJcamI guNazreNiH / cazabda: samuccaye / 'mohasama" tti mohasya-mohanIyasya zamaH- zamaka upazamakaH sa copazamazreNyArUDho' nivRttibAdaraH sUkSmasamparAyazcAbhidhIyate, tatra mohazame SaSThI guNazreNiH / "saMta" tti zAntaH- upazAntamohaguNasthAnakavartI tatra saptamI guNazreNiH / "khavagi" tti kSapaka:-kSapakazreNyArUDho'nivRttibAdara: sUkSmasamparAyazca nigadyate, tatra kSAke'STamI guNazreNiH / "khINa" ti kSINa:-kSINamoha [sta]sya navamI guNazreNiH / "sajogi" tti sayogikevalino dazamI guNazreNiH / "iyara" tti ayogikevalina ekAdazI guNazreNi riti gAthAkSarArthaH / -zatakanAmA paJcama karmagrantha, pR0 94, zrI jaina AtmA nanda sabhA bhAvanagara, san 1940 /

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10 I kAttikeyAnuprekSA ke pariprekSya meM zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 kArttikeyAnuprekSA kA mUlabhUta viSaya to jaina paramparA meM supracalita 12 anuprekSAoM athavA 12 bhAvanAoM kA vivecana karanA hai kintu usameM isa vivecana ke antargata yathAprasaMga jaina paramparA ke, dharmadarzana ke sabhI pakSoM ko samAhita kara liyA gayA hai / jisa prakAra tattvArtha sUtra sAta tattvoM ko AdhAra banAkara jaina paramparA ke sampUrNa tattvajJAna kI carcA karatA hai, usI prakAra kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM bhI jaina tattvamImAMsA, jJAnamImAMsA, sRSTisvarUpa, muni AcAra, zrAvakaAcAra Adi sabhI pakSoM kI carcA hai | hameM yaha dekhakara Azcarya hotA hai ki usameM kahIM bhI guNasthAna siddhAnta kI carcA nahIM hai aura na upazama zreNI aura na kSAyika zreNI ke alaga-alaga vikAsa kI bAta kahI gayI hai / guNasthAna siddhAnta ke apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa Adi jo viziSTa nAma haiM, usakA bhI unameM koI ullekha nahIM hai / yadi saMkSepa meM kaheM to usameM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA abhAva hai kintu jisa prakAra tattvArthasUtra meM guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA abhAva hote hue bhI karmanirjarA ke AdhAra para samyagdRSTi, zrAvaka, virata Adi dasa avasthAoM kA citraNa hai usI prakAra kArttikeyAnuprekSA meM bhI nirjarA anuprekSA ke antargata karmanirjarA ke AdhAra para nimna 12 avasthAoM kA citraNa huA hai 1. kArttikeyAnuprekSA - svAmikumAra, TIkA zubhacandra, saM0 DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, saM0 1978 I0 / fac pa-sIlo ya / micchAdo saddiTThI asaMkha-guNa-kamma- NijjarA hodi / tatto aNuvayadhArI tatto ya mahavvaI pANI // paDhama kasAya - caunhaM vijojao taha ya khavaya-2 ya tatto uvasamaga cattAri // sajoi-NAho tahA ajoIyA | akha-guNa-kamma NijjarayA / / 9/106-108 daMsaNa- moha-tiyassa khavago ya khINa- moho ede uvari uvariM

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa 11 1. mithyAtvI, 2. samyagdRSTi (sadRSTi), 3. aNuvratadhArI, 4. mahAvratI, 5. prathamakaSAyacatuSkaviyojaka, 6. kSapakazIla, 7. darzana.. mohatrika (kSINa), 8. kaSAyacatuSka upazamaka, 9. kSapaka, 10. kSINamoha 11 sayogInAtha aura 12. ayogInAtha / / uparyukta 12 avasthAoM meM eka-do nAmoM meM kucha antara ko chor3akara dasa vahI haiM jinakA ullekha hameM AcArAMga niyukti aura tattvArthasUtra meM milatA hai| isameM do nAma jo adhika haiM-ve mithyAdRSTi aura ayogI kevalI haiN| inameM bhI mithyAdRSTi to tulanA kI dRSTi se diyA gayA hai ataH 11 avasthAyeM yA guNazraNiyA~ hI zeSa rahatI haiN| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha grantha AcArAMganiyukti aura tattvArthasUtra ke pazcAt kA hai| Age hama dekheMge ki SaTakhaNDAgama ke vedanA khaNDa kI cUlikA meM jo gAthAyeM dI gaI haiM, unameM AcArAMganiyukti aura tattvArthasUtra ke anurUpa dasa avasthAoM kA hI citraNa hai kintu calikA meM ukta gAthAoM ko uddhata karake jo vyAkhyAsUtra banAye gaye haiM unameM jina ke sayogI kevalI aura ayogI kevalI aise do vibhAga karake 11 avasthAoM / guNazreNiyoM kA citraNa huA hai| dhavalATIkA meM to spaSTa rUpa se 11 kI saMkhyA kA ullekha bhI hai| kAttikeyAnuprekSA meM ina 11 avasthAoM ke sAtha mithyAtva kA bhI spaSTa ullekha hone se kula 12 avasthAyeM ho jAtI haiN| yadyapi yahA~ mithyAtva zabda kA prayoga karma nirjarA kI sApekSika adhikatA ko batAne kI dRSTi se hI huA hai, use guNazreNI mAnanA granthakAra ko iSTa nahIM hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama pAte haiM ki AcArAMganiyukti, tattvArthasUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM avatarita cUlikA gAthAoM meM jahA~ zrAvaka aura virata nAma Aye haiM vahA~ kAttikeyAnuprekSA meM kramazaH unake lie aNuvratadhArI aura jJAnI mahAvratI aise zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 'aNaMtakammaMse' evaM anantaviyojaka zabda ke sthAna para isameM prathamakaSAyacatuSkaviyojaka zabda kA prayoga huA hai / yadyapi isa zabda vaibhinnya se artha meM koI antara nahIM AtA hai kintu spaSTa arthavAcI zabdoM ke prayoga kI dRSTi se ise eka vikAsa to mAnA jA sakatA hai|

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12 zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 yadi hama kSapaNazIla aura darzanamohatrika (kSINa) ina donoM ko alaga-alaga karate haiM to yahA~ eka avasthA bar3ha jAtI hai kyoMki AcArAMganiyukti, tattvArtha Adi meM darzanamohakSapaka nAmaka eka hI avasthA kA citraNa hai| darzanamohakSapaka aura darzanamohakSINa aimI do avasthAoM kA citraNa nahIM hai| kintu yadi hama "taha ya khavayasIlo ya daMsaNamoha tiyassa ya" isa sampUrNa pada ko samAsa pada mAnakara eka mAnate haiM to isakA artha hogA-darzanamohatrika kSapaNazIla aura aisI sthiti meM ise darzanamohakSapaka se tulanIya mAnA jA sakatA hai kintu Age calakara jahA~ AcArAMganiyukti tattvArtha Adi meM kaSAya upazamaka upazAntakaSAya, kSapaka aura kSINamoha aisI cAra avasthAoM kA citraNa hai vahA~ kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM upazamaka, kSapaka aura kSINamoha aisI tIna hI avasthAoM kA citraNa milatA hai| isameM upazAntamoha kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM hai ataH yahA~ eka avasthA kama ho jAtI hai usameM upazamaka, kSapaka aura kSINamoha ye tIna hI avasthAyeM zeSa rahatI haiN| anta meM AcArAMganiyukti, tattvArtha Adi meM jahA~ jinakA ullekha huA hai vahA~ kAttikeyAnuprekSA meM kaSAyapAhur3a aura SaTkhaMDAgama vedanAkhaNDa kI cUlikA ke vyAkhyAsUtroM ke anurUpa sayogIkevalI aura ayogI kevalI aisI do alaga-alaga avasthAoM kA ullekha huA hai / ho sakatA hai ki isakI saMkhyA ko yathAvata rakhane ke lie kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM jahA~ eka ora sayogI aura ayogIkevalI kA bheda kiyA gayA vahIM dUsarI ora upazAnta avasthA ko chor3a diyA gayA ho / isa tulanAtmaka vivaraNa ke vivecana ke pazcAt nAmoM kI spaSTatA tathA sayogI aura ayogI avasthAoM ke vibhAjana ke AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki kAttikeyAnuprekSA kA yaha vivaraNa AcArAMganiyukti aura tatvArthasUtra kI apekSA kvacit paravartI hai aura kasAyapAhur3a aura SaTkhaNDAgama cUlikA ke vyAkhyAsUtroM ke samakAlika pratIta hotA hai| phira bhI 14 guNasthAnoM kA spaSTa ullekha na hone ke kAraNa hama kaha sakate haiM ki yaha kaSAyapAhur3a kA samakAlika aura SaTkhaNDAgama kA pUrvavartI hai / punaH isameM varNita ye dasa avasthAyeM guNasthAna siddhAnta se sambandhita haiM, ise spaSTa karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki mUla grantha meM upazAntakaSAya avasthA kA citraNa

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa nahIM hai kintu zubhacandra kI TIkA meM usa avasthA kA ullekha kiyA hai| TIkA meM mithyAtva avasthA kA parigaNana nahIM karake 11 avasthAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI TIkAkAra ne ayogI kevalI kI carcA na kara svasthAnakevalI aura samudghAta kevalI aise do sthAnoM kI carcA kI hai| yadyapi SaTakhaNDAgama ke vyAkhyA granthoM meM yathApravRtti kevalI aura yoganirodha kevalI aise do sthAnoM kI carcA huI hai kintu TIkAkAra (zubhacandra ne) yoganirodha kevalI kI jagaha samudghAta kevalI kI carcA kI hai| jJAtavya hai ki samudghAta kevalI kA antarbhAva sayogI kevalI meM hotA hai, ayogI kevalI meM nahIM hotA yaha kArtikeyAnuprekSA ke TIkAkAra kI apanI vizeSatA hai / yadi hama kAttikeyAnuprekSA meM guNasthAna siddhAnta ke ullekha ke abhAva tathA isameM karmanirjarA ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI 11 avasthAoM ke citraNa kI upasthiti kI dRSTi se isa grantha kA kAla nirdhAraNa kareM to vaha cauthI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha aura pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAddha ke bIca kA pratIta hotA hai / kAttikeyAnuprekSA meM pratipAdya viSayoM kA jo sarala aura suspaSTa vivaraNa hai usake AdhAra para tathA usakI bhASA kI prAcInatA ke AdhAra para use isa avadhi kA mAnane meM sAmAnya rUpa se koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| digambara paramparA meM 12 anuprekSAoM kA svatantra vivaraNa dene vAle do grantha haiM-prathama-kumAra svAmI kA bArassANuvekkhA aparanAma kArtikeyAnuprekSA aura dUsarAAcArya kundakunda kA baarssaannuvekkhaa|| kArtikeyAnuprekSA aura kundakunda kI dvAdazAnuprekSA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para hama yaha pAte haiM ki kundakunda ke dvAdazAnuprekSA meM spaSTa rUpa se nizcayanaya kI pradhAnatA aura dArzanika gambhIratA hai jabaki kAttikeyAnuprekSA meM isa prakAra kI koI carcA nahIM hai| isase kundakunda ke dvAdazAnuprekSA kI apekSA kArtikeyAnuprekSA kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne kArtikeyAnuprekSA kI bhASA kI tulanA karake usakI bhASA ko pravacanasAra ke nikaTa 1. kArtikeyAnuprekSA pUrvokta 9 / 106-108 2. vahI

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"14 zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1902 batAyA hai / ataH kArtikeyAnuprekSA ko adhika paravartI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / merI dRSTi meM yaha kundakunda ke pUrva kI hai kyoMki kundakunda ke dvAdazAnuprekSA kI apekSA bhASA, prastutikaraNa kI zailI, viSayavastu kI saralatA Adi kI dRSTi se yaha prAcIna hI siddha hotI hai| yahA~ yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki kundakunda ke nAma se pracalita dvAdazAnuprekSA svayaM unakI hI racanA hai ? yaha vivAdAspada prazna hai| yadyapi nizcayanaya kI pradhAnatA kI dRSTi se use kundakunda kI racanA mAnA jA sakatA hai / grantha ke anta meM muninAtha kundakunda ne aisA kahA, isa prazasti gAthA kI upasthiti isake kundakunda kA grantha hone meM bAdhaka banatI hai kyoMki kundakunda svayaM apane ko muninAtha nahIM kaha skte| isa sthiti meM yA to hameM isa prazasti gAthA ko prakSipta mAnanA hogA yA phira yaha mAnanA hogA ki kundakunda ke vicAroM ko AtmasAta karate hue unake kisI nikaTa ziSya ne isakI racanA kI hai| punaH kundakunda ke kucha TIkAkAroM ne unheM kumAranandI kA ziSya batAyA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA ke racanAkAra svAmI kumAra yadi kumAra nandI haiM, to aisI sthiti meM ve kundakunda ke pUrva hue haiN| punaH isa AdhAra para bhI hama kArtikeyAnuprekSA ko prAcIna kaha sakate haiM ki jahA~ kundakunda gUNasthAna siddhAnta se suparicita haiM vahA~ kAtikeyAnuprekSA ke kartA svAmIkumAra usase paricita nahIM haiN| ye mAtra 11 guNazreNiyoM se paricita haiM / kArtikeyAnuprekSA ke lekhaka svAmIkumAra kaba hue isa sambandha meM digambara vidvAnoM ne paryApta parizrama kiyA hai| jahA~ e0 ena0 upAdhye unheM joindU ke bAda arthAt lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM rakhate haiN| vahA~ paM0 jugula kizora jI mukhtAra inheM umAsvAti ke bAda sthApita karate haiN| kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM jo bhAvanAoM kA krama diyA gayA hai vaha umAsvAti ke tattvArtha ke anurUpa hai jaba ki 1. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, pUrvokta, prakAzaka paramazruta prabhAvakamaNDala, agAsa, bhUmikA pR0 69-72 2. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza-paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra, vIrazAsana saMgha, kalakattA, pra0 saM0 san 1956 pR0 494-500

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA aura kundakunda kI dvAdazAnuprekSA meM jo bhAvanAmoM kA krama diyA hai vaha bhinna hai| ina sabhI guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA se paricita paravartI granthoM se bhAvanA krama kI vibhinnatA aura tattvArthasUtra se bhAvanA krama kI samAnatA tathA tattvArthasUtra ke anurUpa guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA kA abhAva aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dasa avasthAoM kA ullekha use tattvArthasUtra se kvacit paravartI siddha karatA hai| ___ kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM umAsvAti ke tattvArtha kA anusaraNa yahI sUcita karatA hai ki ve umAsvAti ke nikaTa paravartI rahe hoNge| isa bAta kI puSTi isa tathya se bhI hotI hai ki kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM umAsvAti ke tattvArtha ke samAna hI guNasthAna siddhAnta kI anupasthiti hai aura karma nirjarA ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI avasthAoMkA citraNa hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ina avasthAoM kA citraNa kvacit antara ke sAtha donoM meM samAna rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai ataH kArtikeyAnUprakSA ko umAsvAti ke pazcAt rakhA jA sakatA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA ke lekhaka ke rUpa meM jina svAmIkumAra kA ullekha hai, yadi hama unakA samIkaraNa halsI ke tAmrapatra meM ullekhita yApanIya saMgha ke kumAradatta se karate haiM to unakA kAla IsA kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI siddha hogaa|' kAttikeyAnuprekSA ko pAMcavIM zatAbdI kI racanA mAnane meM nimna bAdhAyeM haiM --sarvaprathama to yaha ki isameM nitya ekAnta, kSaNika ekAnta evaM brahmAnanda kA nirAkaraNa, sarvajJatA kI tAkika puSTi Adi pAye jAte haiM / ina vivaraNoM ko dekhate hue aisA lagatA hai ki kArtikeyAnuprekSA para samantabhadra kA spaSTa prabhAva hai / yadyapi samantabhadra ke kAla ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM abhI mataikya nahIM hai| jahA~ paM0 jugala kizora Adi vidvAna unheM I0 san kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI kA mAnate haiM, vahA~ pro0 madhusUdana DhAkI Adi unheM IsvI san kI sAtavIM zanAbdI kA mAnate haiN| prastuta lekha se hama isa sambandha meM vistRta 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 2 lekha kramAMka 100, mANikacandra digambara jaina grantha mAlA samiti, zolApura, 1952 I0

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16 zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 carcA karanA nahIM cAhate haiM kintu itanA to mAnA hI jA sakatA hai ki aikAntika mAnyatAoM ke khaNDana aura sarvajJatA kI tArkika siddhi kI avadhAraNAyeM pAMcavIM zatI meM astitva meM A cukI thIM / isI prakAra kArttikeyAnuprekSA meM trividha AtmAoM kI carcA upalabdha hai | kArtikeyAnuprakSA ke atirikta yaha carcA kundakunda ke 'mokSa - prAbhRta', pUjyapAda ke samAdhitantra' aura yogIndu ke 'yogasAra' evaM 'paramArthaprakAza' meM bhI pAyI jAtI hai / kintu hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~ kundakunda aura pUjyapAda ke granthoM meM guNasthAna siddhAnta kA ullekha hai vahA~ kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM usakA spaSTa abhAva hai isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki tIna prakAra kI AtmAoM kI carcA sarva prathama kArtikeyAnuprekSA ke lekhaka svAmIkumAra ne hI kI / sAmAnyatayA digambara paramparA ke vidvAn pUjyapAda kI apekSA kundakunda ko pUrvavartI mAnate haiM / punaH kundakunda ke kucha TIkAkAroM ne kundakunda ke guru ke rUpa meM kumAranandi kA ullekha kiyA hai aura yadi ye kumAranandi hI kArtikeyAnuprekSA ke lekhaka svAmIkumAra haiM to isa dRSTi se bhI unakA samantabhadra aura kundakunda ke pUrva honA siddha ho jAtA hai / eka antima bAdhA kArtikeyAnuprekSA kI prAcInatA ke sandarbha meM yaha hai ki usameM kucha gAthAeM apabhraMza ke prabhAva se yukta haiM aura yogIndu ke granthoM meM pAyI jAtI haiM / isa sambandha meM paM0 jugala kizora jI mukhtAra Adi kI kalpanA yaha hai ki kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM ye gAthAeM prakSipta haiM / punaH apabhraMza kA prabhAva to pratilipi karane ke daurAna yuga kI bhASAgata vizeSatA ke kAraNa A sakatA hai / hama dekhate haiM ki isa prakAra ke prabhAva prAcIna stara ke zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM bhI A gaye haiM / hama kArtikeyAnuprekSA ko kisa kAla kI racanA mAnate haiM yaha prastuta Alekha kA vivecya viSaya nahIM hai / hamArA pratipAdya mAtra itanA hai ki guNasthAna siddhAnta ke sandarbha meM kArtikeyAnuprekSA kI jo sthiti hai vaha AcArAMga niyukti aura tattvArthasUtra ke bAda kI aura SaTkhaMDAgama tathA pUjyapAda devanandI kI sarvArtha siddhi kI TIkA ke pUrva kI hai arthAt yaha lagabhaga 5vIM zatI ke pUrva kI racanA hai hama yaha bhI mAna leM ki kArti 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza pR. 497-499

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa keyAnuprekSA sAtavIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai to bhI itanA to mAnA hI jA sakatA hai ki usameM karma nirjarA ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI 11 avasthAoM kI jo carcA hai vaha prAcIna hai aura guNasthAna ke vikAsa kI avadhAraNA kA AdhAra rahI hai kyoMki yaha carcA digambara paramparA meM bhI lagabhaga gommaTasAra taka calatI rahI hai| III SaTkhaNDAgama evaM digambara karma-sAhitya ke pariprekSya meM yaha spaSTa hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama meM guNasthAna siddhAnta apane pUrNa vikasita svarUpa meM prApta hotA hai / isakA satprarUpaNA khaMDa 14 guNasthAnoM kI vistRta vivecanA karatA hai| itanI vizeSatA avazya hai ki isameM 'guNasthAna' zabda ke sthAna para jIva samAsa' zabda hI prayukta huA hai / ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki SaTkhaNDAgama usa kAla kI racanA hai jaba guNasthAna siddhAnta vikasita to ho cukA thA kintu use guNasthAna nAma prApta nahIM huA thaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI, samavAyAMga meM 14 guNasthAnoM ke nAma to upalabdha hote haiM kintu unheM 'jIvaTThANa' kahA gayA hai| Avazyaka niyukti meM jo do prakSipta gAthAyeM guNasthAnoM kA vivaraNa detI haiM ve 14 bhUtagrAmoM kA ullekha hone ke bAda dI gaI haiN| usameM ina 14 avasthAoM ko koI nAma nahIM diyA gayA hai| ina do gAthAoM ko gAthAoM kI kramasaMkhyA meM parigaNita bhI nahIM kiyA gayA hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama aura samavAyAMga tathA niyukti kA vaha prakSipta aMza eka hI kAla kI racanA hai| samavAyAMga meM yaha aMza aMtima vAcanA ke samaya hI jor3A gayA hai, aisA paM0 dalasukhabhAI Adi vidvAnoM kI avadhAraNA hai aura usa vAcanA kA kAla IsvI san kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM guNasthAna zabda sabase pahale AvazyakacUNi meM aura digambara paramparA meM pUjyapAda devanandI kI sarvArthasiddhi TIkA meM upalabdha hotA

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18 zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 hai, ina donoM kA kAla vidvAnoM ne chaThI zatAbdI kA uttarArdha aura sAtavIM zatI kA pUrvArdha mAnA hai| isa AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki SaTkhaNDAgama kA kAla lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatI kA uttarArdha yA chaThI zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha rahA hogaa| itanA nizcita hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama meM 'guNasthAna' nAma ko chor3akara guNasthAna sambandhI samasta avadhAraNAyeM apane vikasita rUpa meM haiM / yadyapi hama apane pUrva nibandha' meM yaha batA cuke haiM ki gaNasthAna siddhAnta ke vikAsa kA AdhAra, AcArya umAsvAti ke tatvArthasUtra meM pratipAdita karma nirjarA ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dasa avasthAyeM haiN| tathApi isa sambandha meM khojabIna ke daurAna hameM ina dasa avasthAoM kA citraNa SaTkhaNDAgama ke caturtha vedanA khaNDa ke antargata saptama vedanA vidhAna kI calikA meM tathA AcArAMganiyukti kI gAthA 222-223 meM bhI milA hai / SaTkhaNDAgama kI cUlikA meM prastuta ye gAthAyeM mUla grantha kA aMza na hokara kahIM se lI gaI haiM aura cUlikA meM inakI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai / sambhAvanA yaha hai ki ye gAthAyeM AcArAMganiyukti se usameM lI gaI hoN| hama yaha bhI pramANita kara cuke haiM ki umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra meM upalabdha guNasthAna siddhAnta ke bIjoM kA hI kvacit vikAsa kasAyapAhuDa meM huA haiN| merI dRSTi meM kasAyapAhuDa, umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra ke pazcAt lagabhaga 50 se 100 varSa ke bIca nirmita huA hai| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki hama umAsvAti kA kAla kyA mAnate haiM ? umAsvAti ke kAla ke AdhAra para hI ina granthoM ke kAla kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| hama sAmAnya rUpa se umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra kA kAla tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI mAnate haiM aura isI AdhAra para hamane ina tithiyoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA hai| jo loga tattvArthasUtra ko prathama zatAbdI kI racanA mAnate haiM ve loga ina tithiyoM ko eka-do zatAbdI pUrva lA sakate haiN| itanA nizcita hai ki prajJApanA ke kAla arthAta IsvI san kI prathama zatAbdI taka guNasthAna siddhAntoM kA vikAsa nahIM huA thA, kintu usa kAla taka karma nirjarA para AdhArita AdhyAtmika 1. guNasthAna sidvAnta kA udabhava evaM vikAsa zramaNa, janavarI-mArca 92, pA0 vi0 zodha saMsthAna vArAgasI-5 pR.

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa 19 vikAsa kI dasa avasthAoM kI avadhAraNA bana cukI thI, kyoMki tattvArtha ke pUrva AcArAMganiyukti meM bhI yaha avadhAraNA upasthita hai| yadyapi SaTkhaNDAgama guNasthAna siddhAnta kA eka vikasita grantha hai phira bhI usameM guNasthAna siddhAnta kI bIjarUpa ye gAthAyeM bhI samAhita kara lI gaI haiM, jinase gaNasthAna kI yaha avadhAraNA vikasita huI hai / prastuta lekha meM hamArA uddezya SaTkhaNDAgama ke vikasita guNasthAna siddhAnta kI carcA karanA nahIM hai, apitu yaha dikhAnA hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama meM vikasita guNasthAna siddhAnta ke sAtha-sAtha ve bIja bhI upasthita haiM jinase guNasthAna kI avadhAraNA vikasita huI hai| apane tattvArthasUtra sambandhI adhyayana aura lekhana ke daurAna mujhe paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI kA lekha 'tattvArthasatra ke bIjoM kI khoja' dekhane ko milaa| usameM tattvArthasUtra ke sarvArthasiddhi mAnya pATha ke naveM adhyAya ke 45veM satra, jisameM karma-nirjarA ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI una avasthAoM kA citraNa hai, ke srota ke rUpa meM SaTkhaNDAgama ke 218 se 225 taka ke sUtroM ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai / yaha sandarbha apUrNa thA, kyoMki ye sUtra mUla grantha ke kisa khaNDa meM hai, yaha nahIM batAyA gayA thaa| ataH yaha saba dekhane ke lie maiMne SaTkhaNDAgama ke mUlapATha ko dekhane kA prayatna kiyA / caki prastuta sandarbha meM dI gaI sUtra saMkhyA bhI prakAzita SaTakhaNDAgama ke anurUpa na thI ataH mujhe paryApta parizrama karanA par3A yA kaheM to SaTkhaNDAgama ke mUla sUtroM kA pUrA parAyaNa hI karanA pdd'aa| anta meM mujhe SaTkhaNDAgama ke caturtha vedanAkhaMDa meM ukta sUtra to mile, kintu ve grantha kA mUla bhAga na hokara cUlikA ke rUpa meM hai| merA Azcarya taba aura bar3hA jaba maiMne yaha pAyA ki ye sUtra bhI culikA kI do gAthAoM kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM hai| isa adhyayana se maiM isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA ki SaTkhaNDAgama ke pUrva pracalita gAthAoM meM se ye do gAthAyeM lekara ke usakI vyAkhyAsvarUpa ina sUtroM kI racanA huI hai| tattvArtha kI ina dasa avasthAoM ke sandarbha meM paM0 paramAnanda zAstrI ne SaTkhaNDAgama ke jina satroM ko diyA hai aura unakA jo krama batAyA hai vaha prakAzita SaTakhaNDAgama se mela nahIM khAtA hai| 1. anekAnta varSa 4, kiraNa 1, vIra

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 tattvArthasUtra ke bIjoM kI khoja meM unhoMne SaTkhaNDAgama ke jo sUtra diye haiM ve prakAzita grantha ke AdhAra para nahIM haiM, kyoMki usa samaya taka SaTkhaNDAgama kA prakAzana nahIM huA thA / jaisA ki unakI TippaNI se jJAta hotA hai, unhoMne ye sAre sUtra paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra kI dhavalA Adi ke paricaya kI noTa buka se liye the unhoMne ina sUtroM kA krama 218 se 225 batAyA hai jabaki prakAzita SaTkhaNDAgama' meM ye sUtra caturtha vedanA khaNDa ke dusare vedanA anuyogadvAra ke sAtaveM vedanabhAva vidhAna kI prathama cUlikA ke sUtra saMkhyA 175-185 taka pAye jAte haiN| sUtra saMkhyA ke isa mahatvapUrNa antara se eka vicAra yaha AtA hai ki kyA hastaprata meM jo sutra mile the aura unhe jo krama diyA gayA thA, unheM badala diyA gayA hai yA jisa prakAra prathama satprarUpaNA khaNDa meM saMyata pada haTA diyA gayA thA, usI taraha se kucha sUtra jo digambara paramparA ke anukUla nahIM baiThate the be haTA diye gye| kAza sampradAya nirapekSa dRSTi se mUla hastapratoM se prakAzita SaTkhaNDAgama kA milAna kara yathArtha sthiti ko samajhane kA prayAsa kiyA jAya, to uttama hogaa| merI yaha bhI spaSTa avadhAraNA hai ki ye cUlikAsUtra aura usameM dI gaI mUla gAthA grantha meM bAda meM jor3I gaI hai, cAhe use svayaM granthakAra ne hI jor3A ho| sAtha hI ye donoM gAthAyeM SaTakhaNDAgama kI racanA se prAcIna haiN| bhale hI isakI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM jo sUtra diye gaye haiM ve SaTkhaNDAgama ke apane ho sakate haiN| ye gAthAe~ yA to niyukti se yA saMgrahaNI gAthAoM se hI lI gaI hoNgii| phira maiM ina gAthAoM ke prAcIna mUla srota kI khoja meM lagA aura maiMne pAyA ki ye donoM gAthAyeM AcArAMga niyukti meM usake cauthe adhyayana kI niyukti ke rUpa meM haiN| mujhe inakA anya koI prAcIna srota prApta hogA to maiM pAThakoM ko avazya sUcita karU~gA / yadyapi abhI taka AcArAMga niyukti se prAcIna inakA anya koI srota upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hai| AcArAMga niyukti aura SaTkhaNDAgama ke vedanA khaNDa kI cUlikA kI ye gAthAyeM eka 'kasAya' zabda ko chor3akara zabdazaH samAna haiM / ataH sambhAvanA yahI hai ki 1. SaTkhaNDAgama saM0

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa gAthAyeM usI se lI gaI hoNgii| phira bhI paM0 paramAnanda jI zAstrI ne bhI usa tulanA meM SaTkhaNDAgama kI ina gAthAoM ke vyAkhyA sUtra hI diye the| mUla gAthAyeM nahIM dI thii| ye gAthAe~ nimnavat haiM "sammattuppattI vi ya sAkya-virade aNaMtakammase dasaNamohakkhavae kasAya uvasAmae ya uvasaMte / khavae ya khINamohe jiNe ya NiyamA bhave asaMkhejjA tavivarIdo kAlo saMkhejjagaNA ya seDIo' // " AcArAMga niyukti meM ye gAthAyeM nimna rUpa meM haiM - sammattapattI sAvae virae aNaMtakammase / dasaMNa mohakkhavae uvasAmante ya uvasaMte / / khavae ya khINamohe jiNe a ser3hI bhave asaMkhijjA / tavivarIo kAlo saMkhijjaguNAi seDhIe // uparyukta donoM granthoM kI gAthAoM meM karma nirjarA ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI jina dasa avasthAoM kA citraNa hai ve hameM tattvArthasUtra meM bhI usI rUpa meM milatI haiN| samyagdRSTizrAvakaviratAnantaviyojakadarzanamohakSapakopazamakopazAtamohakSakakSINamohajinAH kramazo'saMGkhyeyaguNanirjarAH // tattvArthasUtra 9 / 47 (vive0 paM0 sukhalAlajI) AcArAMga niyukti evaM SaTkhaNDAgama tattvArthasUtra meM varNita dasa cUlikA gAthA meM varNita dasa avasthAe~ ___ avasthAe~ (1) samyaktva utpatti (1) samyagdRSTi (2) zrAvaka (2) zrAvaka (3) virata (3) virata (4) anantaviyojaka (aNaMtakammase) (4) anantaviyojaka 1. SaT khaNDAgama, saM0 paM0 sumati bhAIzAha, zrI zruta bhaMDAra va grantha prakAzana samiti phAlTaza san 1935, vedanAkhaNDa, vedanAbhAva vidhAna prathama cUlikA gAthA-7-8, pR0 627 / 2. AvArAMga niyukti 22-23 -

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 (5) darzanamohakSapaka (5) darzanamohakSapaka (6) kasAya upazamaka (jJAtavya hai ki (6) upazamaka AcArAMga niyukti meM 'kasAya' zabda nahIM hai) (7) upazAnta (7) upazAnta moha (8) kSapaka (8) kSapaka (9) kSINa moha (9) kSINa moha (10) jina (10) jina isa prakAra AcArAMga niyukti kI evaM SaTkhaNDAgama cUlikA meM uddhRta upayukta gAthAoM meM varNita dasa avasthAoM kI tattvArthasUtra se na kevala bhAvagata apitu zabdagata bhI samAnatA hai| SaTkhaNDAgama meM ina donoM gAthAoM kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM jo sUtra bane haiM unameM zabda aura bhAva-spaSTatA kI dRSTi se bhI eka vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai / sAtha hI jahA~ uparokta gAthAoM meM dasa avasthAoM kA citraNa hai vahA~ SaTkhaNDAgama ke vyAkhyA sUtroM meM 11 avasthAoM kA citraNa hai, jo svataH eka vikAsa kA sUcaka hai usameM varNita 11 avasthAeM nimna haiM --- (1) darzanamoha upazamaka (2) saMyatAsaMyata (3) adhaH pravRtta (yathApravRtta) saMyata, 'adhApavatta' kA saMskRta yA hindI rUpAntara yathApravRtta hai, adhaHpravRtta nahIM (4) anantAnubaMdhI visaMyojaka, (5) darzanamohakSapaka, (6) kaSAya upazamaka, 17) upazAntakaSAya vItarAga chadmastha (8) kaSAya kSapaka, (9) kSINakaSAya vItarAga chadmastha (10) adhaH pravRtta (yathApravRta) kevalI saMyata, (11) yoganirodhakevalI sNyt| inakI pArasparika tulanA meM hama pAte haiM AcArAMga niyukti se tattvArtha kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki usameM 'aNaMtakammaMse' zabda ke sthAna para 'ananta viyojaka' zabda hai jo adhika spaSTa hai / punaH jahA~ AcArAMga niyukti aura tattvArthasUtra meM chaThekrama para mAtra upazamaka zabda hai, vahA~ SaTakhaNDAgama meM mUlagAthA meM kaSAya upazamaka zabda hai jo adhika. spaSTa hai / mUla sUtra isa prakAra haiM

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa savvatthovo daMsaNamohauvasAmayassa guNase ddigunno| saMjadAsaMjadassa guNase DiguNo asNkhejjgunno| adhApavattasaMjadassa guNase DiguNo asNkhejjgunno| aNaMtANubaMdhI visaMjoeM tassa guNase DiguNo asaMkhejjaguNo / dasaNamohakhavagassa gaNase DiguNo asNkhejjgunno| kasAya uvasAmagassa guNase DiguNo asaMkhejjaguNo / uvasaMtakasAya-vIyarAyachadumatthassa guNase DiguNo asNkhejjgunno| kasAyakhavagassa guNaseDiguNo asNkhejjgunno| khINakasAya-vIyarAya chadumatthassa guNase DigaNo asaMkhejjaguNo / AdhApavattake vali saMjaladassa* guNase DigNo asNkhejjgunno| jogaNirodhakevalisaMjaladassa* guNase DiguNo asNkhejjgunno| -----SaTkhaNDAgama, saMpAdaka -- bra0 paM0 sumatibAI zahA, nyAyatIrtha 4, 2. 7, 175-185 SaTkhaNgAgama ke ina sUtroM meM diye gaye nAmoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki inameM gAthAoM meM prayukta mUla zabdoM ko adhika spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| samyaktva utpatti ke sthAna para darzanamoha upazamaka zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai jo use adhika spaSTa kara detA hai| isI prakAra zrAvaka ke sthAna para saMyatAsaMyata zabda kA prayoga huA hai| hama yaha dekhate haiM ki bAda meM bhI guNasthAna siddhAnta meM zrAvaka zabda kA prayoga na hokara dezavirata. saMyatAsaMyata yA viratAvirata jaise zabdoM kA hI prayoga huA hai| isIprakAra tIsare krama para virata ke sthAna para adhaHpravRttasaMyata yA yathApravRttasaMyata zabda kA prayoga huA hai jo apane meM eka vizeSatA rakhatA hai| cauthe krama meM jahA~ mUla gAthA meM 'aNaMtakammase' zabda hai vahA~ vyAkhyAsUtra meM anantAnubaMdhI visaMyojaka zabda kA prayoga huA hai jo ki adhika spaSTa hai| pA~caveM aura chaThe krama ke zabda mUla gAthAoM aura vyAkhyA donoM meM samAna haiM, sAtaveM krama para jahA~ gAthA meM kevala 'upazAnta' zabda hai vahA~ vyAkhyAsUtroM meM 'upazAntakaSAyavItarAgachadmastha' zabda diyA gayA hai| isI prakAra AThaveM krama para kSapaka ke sthAna para kaSAyakSapaka diyA gayA hai / naveM krama para * mUla pATha meM 'la' akSara adhika lagatA hai|

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 kSINamoha ke sthAna para kSINakaSAyavItarAga chadmastha zabda kA prayoga huA hai, jisase artha meM eka spaSTatA A jAtI hai / dasaveM kama para mUla gAthA meM tathA tattvArthasUtra meM jina zabda prayukta hai, jabaki SaTkhaNDAgama ke vyAkhyAsUtroM meM yathApravRtta kevalI saMyata zabda diyA gayA hai / jJAtavya hai ki Age calakara guNasthAna siddhAnta meM yathApravRtta ke sthAna para sayogI kevalI zabda kA prayoga hone lagA thaa| sAtha hI jahA~ mUlagAthA meM mAtra 10 avasthAoM kA citraNa hai, SaTakhaMDAgama ke vyAkhyAsUtroM meM yoganirodhakevalIsaMyata nAmaka gyArahavA~ krama bhI diyA gayA hai / yahI Age guNasthAna siddhAnta meM ayogIkevalI bana gyaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mUlagAthA kI apekSA vyAkhyA sUtroM meM vikAsa aura artha kI spaSTatA hai| guNasthAna siddhAnta ke nirmANa kI dRSTi se yadi hama dekheM to SaTkhAMDAgama ke vyAkhyAsUtroM ke ina 11 sthAnoM meM mithyAtva, sAsvAdana, aura mizra ye tIna sthAna aura jur3akara 14 guNasthAnoM kA nirmANa huA hai| vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki ina avasthAoM meM bhI anantaviyojaka, darzanamohakSapaka aura kaSAyaupazAmaka ke sthAna para guNasthAna siddhAnta meM apramattasaMyata, apUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNa ye tIna naye nAma Aye haiM aura upazAnta kaSAya aura kSapaka ina do ke sthAna para sUkSmasaMparAya aura upazAnta moha ye do avasthAeM banI haiN| isa prakAra se SaTkhaMDAgama meM uddhRta mUla gAthAoM meM varNita 10 aura vyAkhyAsUtroM meM varNita 11 avasthAeM hI Age calakara 14 guNasthAnoM kA rUpa letI haiM / guNasthAna siddhAnta kI uparyukta 10 athavA 11 avasthAoM kI eka sabase mahattvapUrNa bhinnatA yaha hai ki ina avasthAoM meM patana kI koI kalpanA nahIM hai| guNasthAna siddhAnta meM sAsvAdana aura mizra guNasthAna patana kI carcA ke pariNAma svarUpa hI astitva meM Aye haiN| isIprakAra guNasthAna siddhAnta aura karma nirjarA ke AdhAra para vikasita ina dasa avasthAoM meM dUsarA mahattvapUrNa antara yaha hai ki ina dasa avasthAoM ke citraNa meM darzanamoha aura cAritramoha ke sandarbha meM pahale upazama aura bAda meM kSaya kI avadhAraNA svIkRta rahI hai| upazama zreNI aura kSAyika zreNI se alaga-alaga ArohaNa kI bAta

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guNasthAna siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa inameM nahIM hai| ye avasthAeM isa tathya kI sUcaka haiM ki pahale darzanamoha aura cAritramoha kA upazama hotA hai aura usake bAda hI kSaya hotA hai / sIdhe kSAyika zreNI se AdhyAtmika vikAsa karane kI carcA ina 10 athavA 11 avasthAoM meM nahIM hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki upazamakasamyak darzana aura upazamakasamyak cAritra ke bAda hI kSAyikasamyak darzana aura kSAyikacAritra kA vikAsa hotA hai| ina avasthAoM kA guNasthAna siddhAnta ke prakAza meM adhyayana karane se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki guNasthAna siddhAnta kI avadhAraNAoM kA vikAsa inhIM avasthAoM yA guNazreNiyoM se huA hai| ___ yadyapi SaTkhaNDAgama meM guNasthAna siddhAnta vikasita rUpa meM upasthita hai-phira bhI usameM una bIjoM ko bhI cUlikA sUtroM ke rUpa meM samAhita kara liyA gayA hai jinase isa siddhAnta kA vikAsa huA hai| isa sambandha meM vizeSa carcA to hama apane pUrva lekha meM kara cuke haiN| yadyapi yahA~ itanA jJAtavya hai ki guNasthAna siddhAnta ke ina mUlabIjoM ko saMgrahIta karane kI yaha pravRti digambara paramparA meM Age gommaTasAra ke kAla taka calatI rahI hai-~~SaTkhaNDAgama cUlikA meM uddhRta ye donoM gAthAe~ gommaTasAra ke jIvakANDa meM gAthA kramAMka 66.67 meM upalabdha hotI haiN| gommaTasAra meM ye gAthAyeM nimna haiM sammattuppattIye, sAvayavirade aNaMtakammaMse / daMsaNamohakkhavage, kasAya uvasAmage ya uvasaMte / / khavage ya khINamohe, jiNesu davvA asNkhgunnidkmaa| tavivarIyA kAlA, saMkhejja guNakkamA hoti / jIvakANDa 66-67 inameM dUsarI gAthA ke dUsare aura caturtha caraNa meM kucha pAThabheda ko chor3akara sAmAnyatayA ye gAthAyeM SaTkhaNDAgama meM uddhRta gAthAoM ke samAna hI haiM merI dRSTi meM ye gAthAyeM SaTkhaNDAgama kI cUlikA se hI usameM lI gaI haiN| kyoMki ina gAthAoM ke TIkAkAra bhI SaTkhaNDAgama ke vyAkhyAsUtroM ke anurUpa gyAraha avasthAoM kA ullekha karate haiM, jabaki mala meM AcArAMganiyakti evaM tattvArthasatra ke samAna dasa

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 avasthAyeM hI haiN| punaH ye gAthAyeM gommaTasAra meM 14 guNasthAnoM kI vistRta carcA ke ThIka pazcAt AI haiM aura inake bAda siddhoM kI carcA hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se saprasaMga hote hue vahA~ ye gAthAyeM anAvazyaka hI pratIta hotI haiM kyoMki ayogI kevalI taka kI carcA ke bAda inheM diyA gayA hai| inake dene kA ekamAtra prayojana ina gAthAoM ke mAdhyama se prAcIna paramparA ko saMrakSita karanA thaa| sAtha hI yaha nizcita hai ki ye gAthAyeM na to SaTakhaNDAgamakAra kI apanI racanA haiM aura na gommaTasAra ke kartA kii| gommaTasAra ke kartA ne inheM SaTkhaNDAgama se liyA hai aura SaTakhaNDAgamakAra ne yA to inheM AcArAMga niyukti se liyA hai yA anya kisI prAcIna srota se / SaTkhaNDAgama mUlataH yApanIya kRti hai aura yApanIyoM meM niyuktiyoM ke adhyayana kI paramparA thI yaha bAta mUlAcAra se bhI siddha hotI hai ataH sambhAvana yahI hai ki SaTkhaNDAgamakAra ne inheM niyukti se liyA ho| AcArAMga niyukti meM ye donoM gAthAyeM kahIM se avatarita hI pratIta hotI haiM, ho sakatA hai ki ye gAthAyeM pUrva sAhitya yA karma sAhitya ke kisI prAcIna grantha kA aMza rahI hoM aura vahIM se niyukti, tattvArthasUtra aura SaTkhaNDAgama meM gaI hoN| cUMki niyuktisAhitya evaM tattvArthasUtra meM guNasthAnasiddhAnta pUrNataH anupasthita hai aura racanAkAla kI dRSTi se bhI ye prAcIna haiM - ataH karma nirjarA ke AdhAra para AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dasa avsthaaoN| guNazreNiyoM kA citraNa karane vAlI ina gAthAoM kA avataraNa krama yA paurvAparya merI dRSTi meM isa prakAra hai- ... (1) pUrva sAhitya kA karma siddhAnta sambandhI koI grantha (2) AcArAMganiyukti-Aryabhadra, I0 san 2rI zatI (3) tattvArthasUtra--umAsvAti, I0 san 3rI-4thI zatI (4) kasAyapAhuDamutta-guNadhara, I0 san 4thI zatI (5) SaT vaNDAgama --puSpadaMta-bhUtabali, I0 san 5vIM-6ThIM zatI (6) gommaTasAra -nemicandra, I0 san 10vIM zatI uttarArdha /

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jaina darzana meM zabdArtha- sambandha manuSya apane vicAroM aura anubhUtiyoM ko pramukha rUpa se zabdapratIkoM (sArthaka dhvani saMketoM ke suvyavasthita rUpa ) ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta karatA hai / bhAratIya darzana meM zabdArtha sambandha para gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI isa sambandha meM tattvArthavArtika, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, nyAyakumudacandra Adi granthoM meM vistRta vicAra kiyA hai / zabdArtha ke sambandha meM jainetara bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI nimna mAnyatAyeM haiM DA0 sudarzana lAla jaina (ka) bauddha - zabda aura artha kA koI sambandha nahIM hai / zabda kA artha vidhirUpa na hokara anyApoha ( itara vyAvRtti) rUpa hai / inakA kahanA hai ki zabda aura artha meM jo vAcya vAcaka sambandha mAnA jAtA hai vaha vastutaH kAryakAraNabhAva sambandha se bhinna nahIM hai kyoMki buddhi meM artha kA jo pratibimba hotA hai vaha zabdajanya hai; isase use vAcya kahate haiM tathA zabda ko usakA janaka hone se vAcaka kahate haiM / (kha) mImAMsaka - ye zabda aura artha kA nitya sambandha mAnate haiM / zabda ko bhI nitya mAnate haiM / zabda kA artha sAmAnyamAtra hotA hai, vizeSa nahIM, jaise 'gau' zabda 'go' vyakti kA bodhaka na hokara 'gotva' sAmAnya kA bodhaka hai / 'sAmAnya vyakti ke binA nahIM raha sakatA hai' aisA niyama hone se sAmAnyabodha ke pazcAt lakSitalakSaNA ke dvArA vyakti vizeSa kI pratIti hotI hai| bhATTa mImAMsaka zabda ko dravya mAnate haiM aura prabhAkara mImAMsaka AkAza kA guNa svIkAra karate haiM / (ga) vaiyAkaraNa - ye 'sphoTa' nAmaka eka nitya tattva mAnate haiM inake anusAra varNa dhvaniyA~ (varNa, pada aura vAkya) kSaNika haiM, ataH unase arthabodha nahIM ho sakatA hai / ina varNa-padAdirUpa kSaNika adhyakSa va rIDara, saMskRta vibhAga, bI. eca. yU., vArANasI

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 varNadhvaniyoM se bhinna sphoTa kI abhivyakti hotI hai aura usase artha kA bodha hotA hai| inake matAnusAra kevala saMskRta zabdoM meM hI arthabodha kI zakti hai| prAkRta Adi dezI bhASAoM ke zabdoM meM nhiiN| zabda brahmavAdI hone se inake yahA~ zabda dravyAtmaka svIkRta hai| (gha) nyAya-vaizeSika-ye zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnate haiM jo AkAza-dravya meM samavAya sambandha se rahatA hai| zabda tAlvAdijanya hone se anitya hai| (Ga) sAMkhya-yoga-zabda prakRti kA pariNAma hone se anitya hai tathA dravyarUpa hai| jena darzana kI mAnyatA: zabda anitya hai, zabdArthasambandha anitya hai tathA zabda kA viSaya sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai| zabda na to AkAza kA guNa hai aura na svatantra dravya apitu pudgaladravya kI paryAya hai| vAcyArtha kA sahI jJAna naya aura nikSepa paddhati se sambhava hai| zabda kI anityatA tathA usake dravyarUpa yA guNarUpa hone kA vicAra___ jaina dRSTi se zabda pudgaladravya (rUpa-rasa-gandha-sparza Adi se yukta acetana tattva) kI paryAya hai| pratyeka dravya meM do prakAra ke dharma pAye jAte haiM-nitya dharma (guNa) aura anitya dharma (paryAya: / bhASA vargaNArUpa pudgala ke paramANu (pudgala ke ve paramANu jo zabdarUpa meM badalane kI yogyatA rakhate haiM) hI nimitta pAkara zabdarUpa pariNata ho jAte haiM arthAt jaba ve pudgala-paramANu saMyogavibhAga Adi nimitta pAkara zabdarUpa pariNata hote haiM to use pudgala kI paryAya kahate haiN| yaha zabdarUpa pariNamana zakti kevala pudgala ke bhASA vargaNArUpa paramANuoM meM hI hai, anya meM nhiiN| yaha pariNamana kSaNika hotA hai| ataH ye pudgala ke anitya dharma kahe jAte haiN| ye zabda na to vAyurUpa aura na AkAzamaNa rUpa svIkRta haiN| ye svarUpataH gatyAtmaka haiM / ina para deza-kAla kA prabhAva par3atA hai| cAroM ora inakA vIcI-taraGganyAya se vistAra hotA hai jisameM vAyu sahAyaka kAraNa banatA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne zabdotpatti ke sambandha meM kahA hai

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jaina darzana meM zabdArtha-sambandha saddo khaMdhappabhavo khaMdho prmaannusNgsNdhaado| puThesu tesu jAyadi sado uppAdigo nniydo|| paMcAstikAya 79 artha-paramANuoM ke saMghAta (paraspara saMyogavizeSa) se skandha banatA hai aura una skandhoM ke paraspara TakarAne se zabda utpanna hotA hai / ataH zabda nizcaya se utpAdya (anitya) hai|| spaSTArtha-jisa prakAra paramANuoM meM gaMdhAdi guNa avyakta rUpa se sadA rahate haiM usI prakAra zabda bhI paramANuoM meM rahate haiM, aisA nahIM hai / kyoMki zabda skandhoM ke TakarAne se utpanna hote haiM aura ve zravaNendriya kA viSaya hone se mUrta (skandharUpa) haiM / zabda meM rUpAdi bhI haiM parantu anubhUta haiM / ataH ve pudgalaskandha kI paryAya (anitya dharma) haiM, guNa nhiiN| vastutaH zabda ananta pudgala paramANuoM kI skandhAtmaka paryAya hai jo bAhya nimittakAraNarUpa skandhoM (vAyu, galA, tAlu, jihvA, oSTha, ghaMTA, Dhola, megha Adi) ke TakarAne se janya hai / abhyantara kAraNa svayaM zabda rUpa pariNamita hone vAlI ananta paramANumayI zabdayogya vargaNAyeM haiN| ye zabda vargaNAyeM samasta loka meM vyApta haiN| isa taraha zabda na to guNa rUpa hai, na paramANu rUpa hai aura na dravyarUpa hai apitu pudgaladravya kI paryAyavizeSa (anityadharma) hai| paryAya, dravya se sarvathA pRthaka nahIM hotI hai| ataH apekSAbheda se zabda ko paudgalika yA pudgaladravya bhI kaha sakate haiM / zabdArtha-sambandha kI anityatA zabda aura artha meM na to anvaya-vyatireka sambandha hai aura na bauddhoM kI taraha tAdAtmya-tadutpatti sambandha hai| apitu yogyatArUpa sambandha hai| jaise jJAna meM jJApaka zakti hai aura jJeya meM jJApya zakti hai vaise hI zabda meM vAcaka (pratipAdaka) zakti aura artha meM vAcya (pratipAdya) zakti pratiniyata hai| isI vAcya-vAcaka zakti kA nAma 'yogyatA' hai| yadyapi sabhI zabdoM meM sabhI prakAra ke arthoM ko kahane kI zakti hai parantu vyaktiyoM ke dvArA pratiniyata saMketa kara lene ke kAraNa pratyeka zabda pratiniyata artha kA hI pratipAdana karatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki eka hI zabda kA vibhinna bhASAoM meM tathA vibhinna pradezoM meM vividha arthoM meM saMketa milatA hai, jaise-'phUla' zabda hindI bhASA meM 'puSpa' kA vAcaka

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 hai to aMgrejI meM 'mUrkha' kA vAcaka hai| 'karkaTikA' zabda mAlavA meM 'kakar3I artha kA vAcaka hai to gujarAta meM yoni' artha kA vAcaka hai| isa taraha siddha hai ki zabdArtha-sambandha anitya hai / prayoga, sandarbha Adi ke anusAra use artha diyA jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki deza, kAla, bhASA Adi ke bheda se zabdArtha-sambandhoM meM bheda pAyA jAtA hai / arthApakarSa (yathA-asura), arthavistAra (yathA-syAhI), arthasaMkoca (yathAvAsa) Adi bhASAvijJAna ke niyama bhI isI tathya kI puSTi karate haiN| jaina dRSTi se sampreSaNa aura arthagrahaNa kI zakti meM 'nAmakarma' kA kSayopazama bhI nimitta kAraNa hotA hai| cakSu meM jaise rUpa ke prakAzana kI zakti hai vaise hI zabda meM artha ke prakAzana kI zakti svAbhAvika hai, parantu zabda saMketagrAhI puruSa ko hI apane artha kA jJAna karAtA hai / cUMki zabda jJApaka hai, ataH vaha saMketa kI apekSA se hI artha kA bodha karAtA hai| jo jJApaka hotA hai vaha usI puruSa ko, jJApya kA jJAna karAtA hai jisane pahale se jJApaka aura jJApya ke sambandha ko jAna. liyA ho| __ zabda aura artha kA mImAMsakoM kI taraha nitya sambandha nahIM hai, apitu anitya sambandha hai- zabda yogyatArUpa sambandha se hI artha kA pratipAdaka hotA hai / yaha sambandha naiyAyikoM kI taraha IzvarecchArUpa bhI nahIM hai apitu prANiyoM ke prayatna se janya hai| yaha arthabodhakatA mAtra zabda meM nihita nahIM hai apitu vaktA aura zrotA kI yogyatA para bhI nirbhara hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki anasIkhI bhASA se na to arthabodha hotA hai aura na vaktA usa bhASA ko bola pAtA hai| anitya zabdoM se arthajJAna kaise ?--zabda ko anitya mAnane para vaha utpanna hote hI naSTa ho jAyegA phalasvarUpa 'gau' (m-- au) Adi zabdoM se arthajJAna nahIM hogaa| isake uttara meM jainoM kA kahanA hai, jaise dhUma ke anitya hone para bhI sAdRzya ke kAraNa dhUma sAmAnya se agni kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai vaise hI zabda ke anitya hone para bhI sAdRzya ke kAraNa zabda-sAmAnya se arthajJAna ho sakatA hai| zabda anitya hai kyoMki vaha kArya hai| zabda kArya hai kyoMki vaha kAraNoM ke hone para utpana hotA hai aura kAraNoM ke abhAva meM utpanna nahIM hotA

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jaina darzana meM zabdArtha-sambandha hai| zabda utpanna hokara vIcItaraMga nyAya se anya-anya sadRza zabdoM ko utpanna karatA huA lokAnta taka jA sakatA hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ne varNa, padAdi ke anitya hone se eka nitya, sphoTa tattva kI kalpanA kI hai, parantu jainoM ne aise kisI nitya tattva ko arthabodha ke lie Avazyaka nahIM mAnA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki pUrva vargoM ke nAza se viziSTa antima varNa se artha kA bodha hotA hai arthAt pUrva vargoM ke jJAna ke saMskAra se sahita antima varNa artha kA bodha karAtA hai| jaise--prathamataH varNa kA jJAna, pazcAt usase saMskArotpatti, pazcAt dUsare varNa kA jJAna, tadanantara pUrvavarNajJAna se saMskAra se sahita usa jJAna se viziSTa saMskAra kA janma / tRtIya Adi vargoM ke viSaya meM bhI artha kA jJAna karAne vAle antima varNa ke sahAyaka antima saMskAra taka yahI krama jAnanA cAhie / vAkya se arthajJAna hone meM bhI yahI niyama hai| __ zabda kA viSaya sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai--mImAMsakoM kI taraha zabda kA viSaya sAmAnyamAtra nahIM hai apitu sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai| vastutaH saMketa ke anusAra hI zabda vAcaka hotA hai / saMketa sAmAnyaviziSTa vizeSa meM hI kiyA jAtA hai, na ki sAmAnya mAtra meM / kevala sAmAnya na to pravRtti kA viSaya hai aura na kisI arthakriyA meM upayogI hai / jaise gau, ghaTa Adi vyakti kAryakArI haiM, gotva yA ghaTatva jAti (sAmAnya) nhiiN| 'daNDI' zabda se jaise daNDaviziSTa puruSa kI pratIti hotI hai vaise hI 'go' zabda se gotva-viziSTa gopiNDa kI pratIti hotI hai| vastutaH jAti aura vyakti donoM zabdavAcya haiN| prasaGgAnusAra vivakSAbheda se unameM mukhyatA aura gauNatA dekhI jAtI hai| ___ saMskRta bhinna zabdoM meM bhI arthavAcakatA- saMskRta ke 'gau' Adi zuddha zabdoM kI taraha apabhraMza ke 'gAvI' Adi zabdoM se bhI arthajJAna hotA hai, kyoMki vAcyavAcakabhAva lokavyavahAra ke adhIna hotA hai| yadi aisA nahIM mAnA jAyegA to asaMskRtajJoM ko kabhI bhI zabdArthajJAna nahIM hogaa| zabdoM ke bheda-zabda do prakAra ke haiM--prAyogika aura vaisasika / paruSa Adi cetana ke prayatna se janya zabda ko 'prAyogika' kahate haiM /

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 cetanaprayatna ke binA kevala pudgala skandhoM ke saMgharSa se janya zabda ko 'vaisasika' kahate haiM / jaise--meghadhvani Adi / prAyogika ke do bheda haiM zabda - prAyogika (cetanaprayatnajanya zabda) vaisrasika (binA cetana prayatnajanya zabda) (sabhI abhASAtmaka) (meghadhvani Adi) bhASAtmaka abhASAtmaka (vINA Adi ke zabda prAyogika hone se inheM bhASA ke rUpa meM pariNata kiyA jA sakatA hai) akSarAtmaka (manuSyoM kI saMskRtAdi bhASAyeM anakSarAtmaka (dvIndriyAdi kI boliyAM aura jIvanmukta kevalI kI divyadhvani) - tata vitata ghana suSira saMgharSa (camar3eM se mar3he (tAra vAle (AghAtajanya (phUMka se (gharSaNa se hue vAdyoM vAdyoM ke zabda) janya zabda) janya zabda) ke zabda) zabda) ghaNTA zaMkha Dhola sAraMgI, vINA anya prakAra zabdoM ke anya prakAra se nimna tIna bheda kie gae haiM. jhAMjha

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jaina darzana meM zabdArtha - sambandha bhASAtmaka aura abhASAtmaka | bhASAtmaka ke do bheda haiM-akSarAtmaka aura anakSarAtmaka | manuSyoM kI saMskRta, prAkRta, aMgrejI Adi bhASAyeM akSarAtmaka haiM / dvIndriyAdi jIvoM kI bhASA tathA kevalI kI divyadhvani anakSarAtmaka hai / vINA, Dhola, jhAMjha, bAMsurI Adi se utpanna zabda abhASAtmaka haiM / sabhI vaisrasika zabda abhASAtmaka haiM / akSara I dravyAkSara (jar3agata ) bhAvAkSara (cetanagata ) I vyaJjanAkSara saMjJAkSara ( AkRtiyA~, lipiyA~) (svara - vyaJjana) labdhyakSara (zaktirUpa yA cetanagata jJAnopayoga ) 33 zabda, pada aura vAkya arthabodhaka vibhaktirahita varNoM ke samudAya ko 'zabda' kahate haiM aura vibhaktisahita hone para use hI 'pada' kahate haiM / jaise 'rAma' (r A - m a ) eka zabda hai aura 'rAmaH' (rAma -su vibhakti = : ) yA 'rAma ne' eka pada hai / 'pada' vAkyAMza hotA hai aura vaha vAkyasApekSa hotA hai parantu 'zabda' vAkya-nirapekSa hotA hai / - apane vAcyArtha ko prakaTa karane ke lie paraspara sAkAMkSa (sApekSa ) padoM kA nirapekSa samudAya vAkya hai, 'padAnAM tu tadapekSANAM nirapekSaH samudAyo vAkyamiti (prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR0 458) arthAt sAkAMkSa pada paraspara milakara taba eka aisI ikAI banA lete haiM jise apanA artha - bodha karAne ke lie anya kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai, vAkya kahate haiM / vAkya ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM vibhinna mata bhAratIya dArzanikoM meM vAkya ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM do pramukha mata haiM -

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 (1) vAkya se pRthak pada kA koI mahattva nahIM hai| vAkya eka akhaNDa ikAI hai| isa mata vAle anvitAbhidhAnavAdI (prabhAkara mImAMsaka kA mata) kahalAte haiN| isa anvitAbhidhAna mata meM pada paraspara anvita hI pratIta hote haiM, arthAt padoM ko sunakara saMketa grahaNa kevala ananvita padArthoM meM nahIM hotA apitu vAkya meM pada paraspara anvita (sambandhita hokara hI vAkyArtha kA bodha karAte haiN| (2) pada vAkya ke mahattvapUrNa aMga haiM aura ve apane Apa meM svatantra ikAI haiN| isa mata vAle abhihitAnvayavAdI (kumArilabhaTTa kA mata) kahalAte haiN| isa mata (abhihitAnvaya vAda) se prathamataH padoM ko sunakara ananvita (asambaddha) padArtha upasthita hote haiM pazcAt AkAMkSA, yogyatA, sannidhi aura tAtparya ke AdhAra para (vibhaktiprayoga ke AdhAra para) una padoM ke paraspara sambandha kA bodha hokara vAkya kA bodha hotA hai, arthAt vAkyArtha padoM ke vAcyArthoM ke pArasparika sambandha (anvaya) para nirbhara hai| jaina dRSTi se pada aura vAkya donoM kA sApekSika mahattva hai, kyoMki padoM ke abhAva meM na to vAkya sambhava hai aura na vAkya ke abhAva meM pada apane viziSTa artha ke prakAzana meM sakSama hai| isa taraha jainadarzana meM pada aura vAkya donoM para samAna bala diyA gayA hai| vastutaH padaH aura vAkya na to paraspara bhinna haiM aura na abhinna / ataH vAkyArtha bodha meM koI bhI upekSaNIya nahIM hai / isa taraha jainadarzana meM donoM matoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai| kiJca isameM na kevala kriyApada (AkhyAta) pradhAna hai aura na kartApada / vAcyArtha-nirdhAraNa kI naya-nikSepa-paddhati __vaktA dvArA kahe gae zabdoM kA sahI artha nirdhAraNa naya aura nikSepa paddhatiyoM se sambhava hai| eka hI zabda yA vAkya prayojana tathA prasaMgAnusAra aneka arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| jaise - 'saindhava' zabda bhojana ke samaya 'namaka' kA bodhaka hai aura yAtrA ke samaya 'ghor3A' kA bodhaka hai| ataH zrotA ko vaktA ke zabdoM ke sAtha usakA abhiprAya, kathanazailI, tAtkAlika sandarbha Adi ko jAnanA jarUrI hai| isake. lie Avazyaka hai, naya aura nikSepa siddhAntoM kA jaannaa|

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jaina darzana meM zabdArtha-sambandha nikSepa paddhati vaktA ne kisa zabda kA prayoga kisa artha meM kiyA hai isakA nirdhAraNa nikSepa se kiyA jAtA hai| pratyeka zabda ke kama se kama cAra prakAra ke artha sambhava haiN| ataH una cAra arthoM ke AdhAra para hI nikSepa ke cAra bheda kie jAte haiM. 1. nAma nikSepa, 2. sthApanA nikSepa, 3. dravya nikSepa aura 4. bhAva nikSepa / jaise--- 'rAjA' zabda (1) rAjA nAmadhArI vyakti, (2) rAjA kA abhinaya karane vAlA abhinetA, (3) bhUtapUrva zAsaka aura (4) vartamAna zAsaka ina cAra arthoM ko kramazaH cAra nikSepoM ke dvArA prakaTa karatA hai| rAjA rAjA nAma abhinetA, bhUtapUrva yA vartamAna kA vyakti citrAdi AgAmI zAsaka zAsaka (1) nAma nikSepa--zabda ke vyutpattiparaka artha kI tathA guNAdi kI apekSA na karate hue kisI vyakti yA vastu ko saMketita karane ke lie koI 'nAma' rakha denA 'nAma nikSepa' hai| jaise--janmAndha ko 'nayanasukhadAsa' kahanA / isI taraha loka vyavahArArtha riMkU, pappU Adi nAma rakhanA nAma nikSepa hai / isameM paryAyavAcI zabda nahIM prayukta hote haiM kyoMki eka zabda se eka hI artha (vyakti) kA bodha hotA hai aura vaha usameM rUr3ha ho jAtA hai| eka nAma vAle kaI vyakti bhI ho sakate haiN| (2) sthApanA nikSepa-mUrti, citra, pratikRti Adi meM mUlavastu kA Aropa karanA sthApanA nikSepa hai| isake do prakAra haiM- (ka) tadAkAra sthApanA aura (2) atadAkAra sthaapnaa| jaba mUla vastu kI AkRti ke anurUpa AkRti meM mUla vastu kA Aropa karate haiM to use tadAkAra-sthApanA kahate haiN| jaise bhagavAna rAma kI mUrti ko 'rAma' kahanA aura use rAma kI taraha sammAna denA / jaba mUla vastu kI AkRti ke anurUpa AkRti ke na rahane para bhI usameM mUla vastu kA

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 Aropa kiyA jAtA hai to use atadAkAra-sthApanA kahate haiN| jaise zataraMja kI moharoM ko rAjA, vajIra Adi kahanA / (3) dravya nikSepa--jo artha yA vastu pUrvakAla meM kisI paryAya meM raha cukI ho yA bhaviSya meM rahegI use vartamAna meM bhI usI nAma se saMketita karanA dravya nikSepa hai| jaise-sevAnivRtta adhyApaka ko vartamAna meM bhI adhyApaka kahanA / DAkTarI par3hane vAle chAtra ko vartamAna meM DAkTara kahanA / miTTI ke aise ghar3e ko ghI kA ghar3A kahanA jisameM yA to pahale kabhI ghI rakhA gayA thA yA bhaviSya meM ghI rakhA jAyegA parantu vartamAna meM ghI se koI sambandha nahIM hai| (4) bhAva nikSepa -jisa artha meM zabda kA vyutpatti nimitta yA pravRtti nimita vartamAna meM ghaTita hotA ho use tadrUpa kahanA bhAvanikSepa hai| jaise-sevA kara rahe vyakti ko sevaka kahanA, khAnA pakA rahe vyakti ko pAcaka kahanA, Adi / naya paddhati vaktA yA jJAtA ke abhiprAya vizeSa ko 'naya' kahate haiN| isase bhASA kA artha-vizleSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| abhiprAyoM kI anekatA ke kAraNa isake aneka bheda sambhava haiN| kintu sAmAnyarUpa se isake sAta bheda svIkRta haiM / jainadarzana meM nayoM kA vibhAjana kaI prakAra se kiyA gayA hai / jaise dravyAthika naya aura paryAyArthika naya, nizcaya naya aura vyavahAra naya, aadi| paranta bhASAzAstra kI dRSTi se pramukha sAta bheda svIkRta haiM jinheM zabdanaya aura arthanaya ke bheda se do bhAgoM meM bhI vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / jaise (1) arthanaya -isameM negama, saMgraha, vyavahAra aura RjusUtra ye 4 naya Ate haiN| (2) zabdanaya -isameM zabda, samabhirUr3ha tathA evambhUta meM 3 naya Ate hai| sAtoM nayoM ke svarUpa nimna haiM - (1) naigamanaya-vaktA ke saMkalpamAtra yA uddezyamAtra ko grahaNa karane vAlA naigamanaya kahalAtA hai| isameM bhUta aura bhaviSyat paryAyoM

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jaina darzana meM zabdArtha-sambandha 37 meM bhI vartamAna-vyavahAra hotA hai / aupacArika kathana isI naya kI dRSTi se satya hai| kriyamANa (bhaviSyat kriyA) ko kRta (ho cukI kriyA) kahanA bhI isI naya se sambhava hai| kyoMki vartamAna meM jo paryAya pUrNa nahIM huI hai use isa naya kI dRSTi se pUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| jaise--DAkTarI par3hane vAle chAtra ko bhAvi lakSya kI dRSTi se vartamAna meM DAkTara khnaa| 'Aja kRSNa janmASTamI hai' aisA vartamAnakAlika vyavahAra bhUtakAlIna ghaTanA kA aupacArika prayoga hai| abhI pUrA bhojana nahIM banA parantu kahanA 'bhojana bana gayA' kriyamANa ko kRta kahanA hai| isameM kucha kArya ho cukA hai aura kucha honA bAkI hai| bhAta paka gayA (cAvala kA pakanA), ATA pisAnA (gehU~ pisAnA) Adi prayoga isI naya kI sImA meM Ate haiN| (2) saMgrahanaya--vyaSTi (vizeSa yA bheda) ko gauNa karake samaSTi (sAmAnya yA abheda) kA kathana karanA yA jJAna honA saMgrahanaya hai| apanI-apanI jAti ke anusAra vastuoM kA yA unakI paryAyoM kA eka hI rUpa se kathana karanA yA vaisA jJAna honaa| jaise--'jIva' zabda se sabhI ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya prANiyoM ko eka koTi meM rakhA jAtA hai / 'bhAratIya' kahane se strI, puruSa, bAla, yuvA, garIba, amIra Adi sabhI bhAratavAsiyoM kA bodha hotA hai| (3) vyavahAra naya--samaSTi ko gauNa karake vyaSTi kA kathana yA jJAna vyavahAra naya hai| isameM saMgraha naya se gahIta padArthoM kA anta taka vidhipUrvaka bheda karate jAte haiM / jaise, 'jIva' ke do bheda-saMsArI aura mukt| saMsArI ke 4 bheda-deva, manuSya, tiryaJca aura naarkii| 'bhAratIya' ke anya bheda--uttaraprAntIya, dakSiNaprAntIya aadi)| (4) RjasUtra naya--bhUta aura bhAvi paryAyoM ko chor3akara vartamAna paryAya ko grahaNa karane vAlA vacana yA jJAna RjusUtra naya hai| yadyapi eka paryAya eka samaya taka hI rahatI hai (kyoMki vastu pratikSaNa parivartita hotI rahatI hai| isa siddhAnta se) parantu vyavahAra se sthUla paryAya kA grahaNa karanA / jaise janma se mRtyu taka eka manuSya paryAya maannaa|

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38 zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 (5) zabda naya--zabda ke liGga, saMkhyA, kAraka, upasarga, kAla Adi ke bheda se vAcyArtha meM bheda karanA arthAt liGga Adi ke vyabhicAra ko dUra karane vAle vacana aura jJAna ko zabda naya kahate haiM / bhinna-bhinna liMga vAle zabdoM kA eka hI vAcya mAnanA liMga-vyabhicAra hai| jaise-strIvAcaka nArI (strIliMga) aura kalatram (napuMsakaliMga) ye bhinna-bhinna liMga vAle hone se paryAyavAcI nahIM bana skte| isI taraha 'hone vAlA kArya ho gayA' yahA~ kAla vyabhicAra hai, 'kRSNa ne (kartRkAraka) mArA' aura 'kRSNa ko (karmakAraka) mArA' yahA~ kRSNa meM kAraka vyabhicAra hai| (6) samabhirUr3ha naya -liGgAdi kA bheda na hone para bhI zabda vyutpatti ke AdhAra para artha-bheda karanA samabhirUr3ha naya hai / jaise-- indra (Anandayukta), zakra (zaktizAlI) aura purandara (nagara-vidAraka) meM; rAjA (zobhAyamAna), bhUpAla (pRthivIpAlaka) aura nRpa (manuSyoM kA pAlaka) meM liGgAdi-vyabhicAra nahIM hai / ataH ye paraspara ekArthavAcI hone se zabdanaya kI dRSTi se paryAyavAcI ho sakate haiM parantu ina zabdoM kI vyutpatti bhinna-bhinna hone se samabhirUDhanaya kI dRSTi se ye ekArthavAcI nahIM haiM / ataH paryAyavAcI nahIM bana skte| isa taraha zabdabheda se arthabheda karanA samabhirUr3hanaya kA kArya hai| . (7) evambhUta naya-jisa zabda kA jisa kriyA rUpa artha ho, usa kriyArUpa se pariNata padArtha ko hI grahaNa karane vAlA vacana yA jJAna evambhUtanaya hai| isa naya kI dRSTi se sabhI zabda kriyAvAcaka haiM / ataH zabda ke vAcyArtha kA nirdhAraNa usakI kriyA ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai / jaise Anandopabhoga karate samaya hI devarAja ko indra kahanA, adhyApaka jaba par3hA rahA ho tabhI adhyApaka kahanA; Adi / ye sAtoM naya uttarottara sUkSma-viSayagrAhI haiN| lakSaNA aura vyaJjanA vRttiyoM kA prayoga naigamanaya ke hI adhIna hai| jaba vastu kA kathana kisI eka naya kI dRSTi se kiyA jAtA hai to vahA~ anya nayoM kI dRSTi ko gauNa kara diyA jAtA hai| naya vastu ke ekAMza yA eka dharma ko hI grahaNa karatA hai| pratyeka vastu meM aneka dharma pAye jAte haiM jinameM se eka-eka naya eka-eka dharma ko viSaya karatA hai / yadi koI

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jaina darzana meM zabdArtha-sambandha eka naya kI dRSTi ko hI pUrNa satya samajhegA to vaha durnayAnugAmI kahalAyegA / AvazyakatAnusAra eka ko mukhya aura zeSa ko gauNa karate hue sAtoM nayoM kI sApekSatA se hI vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnA jA sakatA hai| isa taraha naya aura nikSepa vidhiyoM ke dvArA hI vAkyArtha tathA zabdArtha kA nirdhAraNa jainadarzana meM kiyA jAtA hai / yahA~ itanA vizeSa hai ki vAcyArtha na kevala vidhirUpa hotA hai aura na kevala niSedharUpa / jaba hama vidhi kA kathana karate haiM to vahA~ niSedha (anya-vyAvRtti) gauNa rahatA hai aura jaba niSedha kA kathana karate haiM to vahA~ vidhi gauNa hotA hai / zabdoM ke dvArA eka sAtha vidhi-niSedha kA kathana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; ataH use avaktavya kahA jAtA hai| isa kathana-prakriyA ko jainadarzana meM saptabhaGgI zabda se kahA gayA hai--(1) syAdasti, (svApekSayA vidhi kathana), (2) syAnnAsti (parApekSayA niSedha-kathana), (3) syAdasti nAsti (sva-parApekSayA vidhi-niSedha kA kramazaH kathana), (4) syAdavaktavya (sva-parApekSayA vidhi-niSedha kA yugapat kathana), (5) syAdasti avaktavya, (6) syAnnAsti avaktavya, aura (7) syAdasti nAsti avaktavya / antima tIna bhaGga Upara ke cAra bhaGgoM ke sammizraNa haiN| jaina darzana meM vAcyArtha ke satyAsatya kA bhI vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| sarvatra anekAntadRSTi yA syAdvAdadRSTi kA sahArA liyA gayA hai|

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jAliharagaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa - ziva prasAda vidyAdharakula (bAda meM vidyAdharagaccha ) kI dvitIya zAkhA jAlihara ( prAcIna jAlyodhara ) nAmaka sthAna se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa jAliharagaccha / jAlyodharagaccha ke nAma se vikhyAta huI / yaha gaccha kaba aura kisa kAraNa se astitva meM AyA ? isa gaccha ke purAtana AcArya kauna the, isa bAre meM sUcanA anupalabdha hai / yadyapi isa gaccha ke itihAsa ke adhyayana ke liye sAhityika sAkSyoM ke antargata mAtra do prazastiyAM tathA abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke antargata kula 8 pratimAlekha hI upalabdha haiM; tathApi unameM isa gaccha ke itihAsa para prakAza DAlane ke liye paryApta vivaraNa saMgrahIta haiM / samprati lekha meM unhIM sAkSyoM ke vivecana ke AdhAra para isa gaccha ke itihAsa para prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / adhyayana kI suvidhA hetu sarvaprathama sAhityika sAkSyoM, tatpazcAt jabhilekhIya sAkSyoM kA vivaraNa evaM vivecana kiyA gayA hai -~ sAhityika sAkSya 1. nandipadadurgavRtti' - isa racanA kI vi0 saM0 1226 / I0 sat zodha adhyetA, prA0 bhA0 i0 saM0 aura purAtattva vibhAga, kA0 hi0 vi0 vi0 vArANasI / 1. saMvat 1226 varSe dvitIya zrAvaNa zudi 3 soma'dyeha maMDalI vAstavya zrIjAlyodharagacche mor3havaMse zrAvakazrIsadevasutena le0 palhaNena likhitA / likhApitA ca guNabhadrasUribhiH // sakalabhuvanaprakAzana bhAnuzrI hemacandrasugurUNAm / sthApayitAsssId bhANDAgArika somArakasuzrAddhaH // 1 // marudeva garbhajayA tatsutayA sImikAhvayA krItvA / nandyadhyayana suvivaraNa TippitapustakamidamudAram // 2 //

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12 ke granthamaMDAlahagacchImI gayI zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 1169 kI eka prati jaisalamera ke granthabhaMDAra meM saMrakSita hai / isa prati kI dAtAprazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki jAliharagacchIya bAlacandrasUri ke ziSya guNabhadrasUri kI preraNA se yaha pratilipi likhI gyii| jAliharagacchIya bAlacandrasUri guNabhadrasUri [vi0 saM0 1226 / I0 san 1169 meM inakI preraNA se nandipadadurgavRtti kI pratilipi kI gayI] 2. padmaprabhacarita' --jAliharagacchIya devaprabhasUri ne vi. saM 1254/ I0 san 1198 meM prAkRta bhASA meM isa mahattvapUrNa kRti kI racanA kI / kRti ke anta meM prazasti ke antargata unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai, jo isa gaccha ke itihAsa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isa prazasti meM ullikhita guru-paramparA isa prakAra hai bAlacandrasUri guNabhadrasUri sarvANaMdamUri dharmaghoSasUri devasUri [vi. saM. 1254/I san 1198 meM padmaprabha carita ke racanAkAra] munibAlacandraziSyazrImadguNabhadrasUrisugurubhyaH / / dattamupalabhya vayaM phalamamalaM jJAnadAnasya // 3 // Muni Punyavijaya-Catalogue of Sanskrit & Prakrit MSS: Jesalmer Collection, (Ahmedabad 1972) No. 76 P. 25 1. Dalal, C. D.--Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts in Jaina Bhandars at Pattan (Baroda-1937) pp. 210-213

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jAliharagaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa abhilekhIya sAkSya-jaisA ki prArambha meM hI kahA gayA hai, jAli. haragaccha se sambaddha 8 pratimAlekha milate haiN| inameM se sarvaprathama abhilekha vi0 saM0 1213/I0 san 1157 kA hai / lekha isa prakAra hai saM0 [0] 1213 vaizAkha vadi 5 jorAudragrAme zrIvIsivadevyA zrIjAlyodharagacche / pratiSThAsthAna-jaina maMdira, ajArI muni jayantavijaya-abuMdAcalapradakSiNAjainalekhasaMdoha, lekhAGka 408 / yadyapi ukta lekha meM jAliharagaccha ke kisI AcArya kA ullekha nahIM hai, phira bhI isa gaccha kA ullekha karane vAlA sarvaprathama sAkSya hone ke kAraNa yaha mahattvapUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai / isa gaccha se sambaddha dvitIya lekha vi0 saM0 1296/I0 san 1240 kA hai, jo bhagavAn neminAtha kI pratimA para utkIrNa hai|' isa lekha meM jAliharagacchIya devasUri ke ziSya haribhadrasUri kA pratimApratiSThApaka AcArya ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| devasUri haribhadrasUri [vi0saM0 1296/I0 san 1240 meM nemi nAtha kI pratimA ke pratiSThApaka] jAliharagaccha se sambaddha tRtIya lekha vi0 saM0 1331 / I0 san 1275 kA hai| yaha lekha salakhaNapura sthita jinAlaya meM pratiSThApita pArzvanAtha kI pratimA para utkIrNa hai| isa lekha meM pratimApratiSThApaka AcArya ke rUpa meM hariprabhasUri kA ullekha hai| 1. somapurA, kAntilAla phUlacanda-"ghoghAnA aprakaTa pratimA lekho" zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava aMka (bambaI 1965 I0) bhAga 1, pR0 111-117 2. muni jinavijaya-saMpA0 prAcInajanalekhasaMgraha bhAga 2 (bhAvanagara 1921 I0) lekhAMka 483

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 AcArya hariprabhasUri dvArA vi0 saM0 1349 / I0 san 1293 aura vi0 saM0 1359/I0 san 1303 meM pratiSThApita eka-eka jinapratimAyeM milI haiM, jo kramazaH salakhaNapura' aura ghoghA ke jinAlayoM meM Aja saMrakSita haiM / vi0 saM0 1349/I0 san 1293 ke lekha meM pratiSThApaka AcArya hariprabhasUri kI guru-paramparA dI gayI hai, jo isa prakAra hai devasUri haribhadrasUri hariprabhasUri [ vi0 saM0 1349 / I. san 1293 meM mahAvIra svAmI kI pratimA ke. pratiSThApaka ] , jAliharagaccha se sambaddha chaThI abhilekha vi0 samvat kI caudahavIM zatI ke antima dazaka kA hai / lekha kA eka aMka naSTa ho gayA hai, zeSa 3 aMka spaSTa par3he jA sake haiN| munivijayadharmasUri ne isa lekha kI vAcanA isa prakAra dI hai sa (saM). 139-vaizAkha zudI (di) 3 moDhavaMze zre0 pAjAnvaye vya0 devA suta vya0 mujAlabhAryAye (yaryA) vya0 ratnadivyA AtmazreyoI (5) thaM zrIneminAthabiMbaM kAritaM pratiSTI (SThi) taM zrIjAlyoddharagacche. zrIsarvANaMdasu (sU) rI (ri) saMtAne zrIdevasUrI (ri) paTTabhUSaNamaNiprabhu zrIharI (ri) bhadrasUrI (ri) ziSye (?) suvihitanAmadheyabhaTTArakazrIcaMdrasiMhasUrI (ri) paTTa (TTA) laMkaraNa zrIvibudhaprabhasUrINAM zrIpAjAba (va) sahIkAyAM bhadraM bhvtu| isa lekha meM jAlyodharagaccha ke AcArya vibudhaprabhasUri kI vistRta guru paramparA dI gayI hai, jo isa prakAra hai 1. prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha, lekhAMka 484 2. somapurA, pUrvokta 3. vijayadharmasUri-saMpA0 prAcInalekhasaMgraha (bhAvanagara 1927 I0) lekhAGka

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bAliharagaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa sarvANaMdasUra I devasUri 1 haribhadrasUri candrasUri I vibudhaprabhasUri [vi0 saM0 139 ? meM neminAtha kI pratimA ke pratiSThApaka ] jAliharagaccha se sambaddha sAtavAM abhilekha vi0 saM0 1423 / I0 san 1367 kA hai, jo caumukhajI derAsara, ahamadAbAda meM pratiSThApita bhagavAn zAntinAtha kI dhAtu kI pratimA para utkIrNa hai / " isa lekha meM isa gaccha ke AcArya lalitaprabhasUri kA pratimA pratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM ullekha hai / 45 2 jAhiragaccha se sambaddha eka anya abhilekha bhI milA hai, parantu usameM na to pratimA ke pratiSThApanA kI miti/tithi kA ullekha hai aura na hI pratimA ke pratiSThApaka AcArya kA; ataH yaha lekha mahattvahIna kahA jA sakatA hai / sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para jAliharagacchoya munijanoM kI guru paramparA kI eka tAlikA nirmita hotI hai, jo isa prakAra hai bAlacandrasUri [ guNabhadrasUri [ naMdipadadurgavRtti kI vi0 saM0 1226 kI prati meM ullikhita ] sarvANaMdasUri [ pArzvanAthacarita vartamAna meM [ anupalabdha ke racanAkAra ] 1. prAcIna lekha saMgraha, pUrvokta lekhAGka 76 2. vinayasAgara -- saMpA0 pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha ( koTA 1953 I0 ) lekhAGka 23

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 dharmaghoSasUri devasUri [vi0 saM0 1254/I0 san 1194 padmaprabhacarita ke racanAkAra haribhadrasUri candrasUri hariprabhasUri [vi0 saM0 1331-59] pratimAlekha vibudhaprabhasUri [vi0 saM0 1393 pratimAlekha] lalitaprabhasUri [ vi0 saM0 1423 / I0 san 1367] pratimA lekha ukta sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para vikrama kI terahavIM zatI ke prArambha se 15vIM zatI ke prathamacaraNa taka isa gaccha kA astitva siddha hotA hai| jahAM anya gacchoM se sambaddha sAhityika aura abhilekhIya sAkSya pracuratA se upalabdha hote haiM, vahIM isa gaccha se sambaddha sAkSyoM kI viralatA ko dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki anya gacchoM kI apekSA isa gaccha ke munijanoM aura zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA alpa thii| 15vIM zatI ke dvitIya caraNa se isa gaccha se sambaddha koI bhI sAkSya nahIM milA hai, ataH yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki isa gaccha ke munijana aura upAsaka kinhIM anya gaccha meM sammilita ho gaye hoNge|

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prAkRta jainAgama paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra tathA usako pAribhASika zabdAvalI - DaoN0 kamaleza jaina bhAratIya cintana paramparAoM meM vicAra aura AcAra ko samAna sthAna diyA gayA hai / vicAra yA darzana Antarika pakSa hai aura AcAra yA dharma una vicAroM, AdarzoM yA siddhAntoM kA kriyAtmaka athavA bAhya pakSa hai / isa prakAra vicAroM kA vyAvahArika rUpa hI AcAra yA cAritra hai / naitikatA tathA saMyamI - jIvana AcAra ke mUlAdhAra haiM / kisI bhI prasthAna yA paramparA meM jo naitika niyama, prati-niyama hote haiM, una niyama-vidhAnoM kA jIvana-vyavahAra meM upayoga honA tat tad paramparA kA AcAra kahA jAtA hai / ataeva jisa AcAra athavA AcaraNa ke mUla meM netikatA kA samAveza nahIM hotA, vaha AcAra Adarza AcAra kI saMjJA ko prApta nahIM ho sakatA / aisA AcAra tyAjya hotA hai, chor3ane yogya hotA hai / bhinna-bhinna dhArmika dArzanika paramparAoM meM jo vidhi-niSedha paraka vidhAna upalabdha hote haiM, una sabakA uddezya uparyukta naitikatA kA saMcAra evaM saMyamI jIvana kA pratipAdana rahA hai / prAyaH pratyeka dharma-darzana kI AcAra saMhitA meM eka vizeSa prakAra kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / aneka zabdoM kI samAnatA hote hue bhI artha kI dRSTi se unameM bhinnatA dekhI jAtI hai / aneka zabda aise haiM, jo tat tad dharma-darzanoM kI AcAra saMhitA meM viziSTa pAribhASika artha meM prayukta hue haiM / aise zabdoM meM bahuta se zabda isa prakAra ke bhI haiM jo mAtra usI dharma-darzana paramparA taka sImita haiM / risarca esosieTa, prAkRta evaM jaina darzana vibhAga, saM0 saM0 vi0 vi0, vArANasI /

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48 zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 jIva yA Atmatattva ke svataMtra jJAna ke parijJAna se pUrva taka bhAratIya cintana svarga prApti ko jIvana kA antima lakSya mAnatA thaa| jIvana yA Atmatattva kI khoja ke bAda mokSa ko antima tattva aura cAra puruSArthoM meM carama puruSArtha mAnA gyaa| jIva ko jar3a (ajIva-acetana) ke bandhana se mukta karAne kI prakriyA meM se mokSa prApti ke upAyoM kA cintana huaa| etadartha saMnyasta jIvana ko sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ne sAdhanA kI anivArya AvazyakatA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA aura usakI AcAra saMhitA kA pratipAdana huaa| saMnyasta hone se pUrva mArhastha jIvana vyatIta karate hue sAdhanA kI ora kaise bar3hA jA sakatA hai, isake lie bhI AcAra saMhitA nirmita kI gii| jaina paramparA meM mokSa kI sAdhanA ke lie zramaNa aura zrAvaka kI AcAra saMhitA kA vivecana kiyA gyaa| prAkRta jainAgama paramparA meM AcAra ke paripAlana ke lie vastutattva ke prati sadRSTi aura tattvoM kA parijJAna anivArya mAnA gayA hai| binA isake cAritra-AcAra kA pAlana samyak nahIM ho sktaa| yaha cAritra zramaNa kA ho athavA gRhastha kA, donoM ke lie sadRSTi aura samyakjJAna anivArya hai| isake bAda hI vaha cAritra kI sIr3hI para apanA prathama caraNa rakhatA hai, kyoMki binA sadRSTi aura samyakjJAna ke heya-upAdeya kA viveka jAgrata nahIM hotaa| isa kAraNa cAritra yA AcAra meM samyaktvatA nahIM A paatii| cAritra kA pratipAdana karate hue yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki sarvaprathama zramaNadharma kA vivecana karanA cAhie, kyoMki zrAmaNya ke binA mokSa sambhava nahIM hai| prAcIna jainaparamparA meM bhI zramaNadharma kA hI pratipAdana hotA rahA hai| saMbhavataH isIlie AcArAMga jaise AcAra kA vivecana karane vAle grantha meM upAsaka, zrAvaka yA gRhastha Adi zabda dekhane ko nahIM milte| yahA~ mUlataH zramaNa jIvana kI dRSTi se viSayoM kA pratipAdana huA hai| yadi vyakti sIdhe zramaNadharma ko svIkAra karane meM apane ko asamartha pAtA hai to use gRhastha jIvana meM rahate hue upAsaka yA zrAvaka kI AcAra saMhitA kA pAlana kara zrAmaNya prApta karane kI ora unmukha honA caahie| isIlie ekAdaza (11) pratimAoM meM antima ko 'zramaNabhUta' pratimA

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'prAkRta jainAgamaH paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra 49 kahA gayA hai| isa taraha jainaparamparA meM do prakAra se AcArasaMhitA ke 'vidhAna milate haiM : 1 zramaNAcAra, 2. zrAvakAcAra yA upAsakAcAra / prastuta nibandha meM zrAvakAcAra evaM usakI pAribhASika zabdAvalI para saMkSipta adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| prAkRta jainAgama paramparA meM vratadhArI gRhastha ke lie aneka zabda prayukta hue haiM -jaise-aNuvratI, dezavirata, agArI, upAsaka, zramaNopAsaka, sAgAra, agArika, zrAvaka, zramaNabhUta Adi aura usake AcAra tathA dharma ko gRhadharma, zrAvakadharma, agAradharma, upAsakadharma upAsaka pratimA Adi kahA gayA hai / zrAvakAcAra jina, arhat yA tIrthaGkaroM dvArA gRhastha kI jIvana paddhati ke lie nirdiSTa eka viziSTa AcArasaMhitA hai / prAkRta sAhitya meM vratadhArI gRhastha ke lie do zabdoM kA vyavahAra bahulatA se huA hai(1) sAvaga yA sAvaya aura (2) upaasg| isI kAraNa sAvaga yA zrAvaka kI jIvana paddhati ke lie AcArasaMhitA viSayaka jina granthoM kA nirmANa huA, unake nAma sAvaga yA sAvayadhamma, upAsagAcAra, uvAsayAjjhayaNa Adi diye gye| bAda meM isI AdhAra para saMskRta meM likhe gaye granthoM ke zrAvakadharma, zrAvakAcAra, upAsakAdhyayana, upAsakAcAra Adi nAma rakhe gye| gRhastha zraddhApUrvaka apane gurujanoM arthAt zramaNoM se nirgranthapravacana kA zrotA hone se zrAvaka kahalAtA hai / zramaNa kA upAsaka hone ke kAraNa use zramaNopAsaka yA upAsaka kahA gayA hai| zrAvaka ekadeza rUpa aNavata dhAraNa karatA hai, isalie use aNuvratI yA dezavirata bhI kahA gayA hai| zramaNa sarvavirata kahalAtA hai parantu zrAvaka usake samAna ahiMsAdi vratoM kA pUrNa rUpa se pAlana nahIM karatA, isalie isake vrata aNuvrata kahalAte haiN| zrAvaka prAyaH ghara meM rahatA hai, arthAt usake dvArA ghara kA tyAga nahIM kiyA jAtA, isalie usake lie sAgAra, AgArI, gRhI, gRhastha Adi nAmoM ke bhI ullekha prApta hote haiM / isI kAraNa sAgAra dharma, zrAvakadharma Adi nAmoM se bhI granthoM kI racanA kI gaI hai|

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke upadezoM kA saMkalana jina bAraha aMgoM meM kiyA gayA thA unameM 'upAsagadazAMga' nAmaka eka aMga meM zrAvakAcAra kA vivecana thaa| upalabdha ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM sAtaveM aMga 'uvAsagadasAo' meM zrAvakAcAra kA vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| isameM mahAvIra ke daza pramukha upAsakoM kI kathAe~ haiN| unameM prathama Ananda zrAvaka kI kathA meM zrAvakAcAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| upalabdha zrAvakAcAra viSayaka sAhitya ke antaHnirIkSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki sudUra atIta se Ajataka sahasroM varSoM meM isa AcAra saMhitA meM deza, kAla aura paristhitiyoM ke anusAra jaina manISiyoM dvArA aneka naye niyama-upaniyama sammilita kiye gaye / tIrthaMkara paramparA se prApta jisa tAtvika cintana kI AdhArabhUmi para isa AcArasaMhitA kA nirmANa huA thA, usameM nirantara vRddhi huii| ina niyama-upaniyamoM ke sammilana se paramparA prApta AcAraviSayaka pracura pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM aura bhI vRddhi huI hai| zrAvakAcAra viSayaka granthoM meM zrAvaka yA upAsaka-dharma kA pratipAdana tIna prakAra se prApta hotA hai--(1) bAraha vratoM ke AdhAra para, (2) gyAraha pratimAoM ke AdhAra para aura (3) pakSa, caryA athavA niSThA evaM sAdhana ke AdhAra para / uvAsagadasAo umAsvAmIkRta tattvArthasUtra, svAmI samantabhadrakRta ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra Adi granthoM meM sallekhanA ke sAtha bAraha vratoM ke AdhAra para zrAvaka kI AcAra-saMhitA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| kundakunda ke caritapAhuDa, svAmI kArtikeya ke aNuvekkhA aura vasunandikRta zrAvakAcAra meM pratimAoM ke AdhAra para zrAvakAcAra kA nirUpaNa hai| AzAdharakRta sAgAradharmAmRta meM pakSa, niSThA evaM sAdhanA ke AdhAra para zrAvaka kI AcArasaMhitA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| zrAvaka ahiMsAdi pA~ca vratoM kA pAlana karatA hai| zramaNa jinakA pUrNa rUpa se pAlana karatA hai, unhIM vratoM kA zrAvaka ekadeza rUpa AMzika pAlana karatA hai / isalie usake vrata dezavrata aura aNuvrata kahe jAte haiM / pA~ca aNuvrata isa prakAra haiM-ahiMsA, satya, asteya, bahmacarya aura aparigraha / ye pAMcoM aNuvrata zrAvaka ke mUlaguNa kahe gaye haiN| zeSa guNa inhIM guNoM meM dRr3hatA, sthairya, vikAsa, puSTi aura rakSA karane vAle haiN|

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prAkRta jainAgama paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra pratyeka aNuvrata meM sthiratA, dRr3hatA evaM vikAsa ke lie pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsANuvrata meM sthiratA lAne ke lie vacanagupti, managupti, IryAsamiti, AdAnanikSepaNasamiti aura AlokitapAna bhojana ye pA~ca bhAvanAeM vivecita kI gaI haiM / satyANuvrata kI krodha pratyAkhyAna, lobhapratyAkhyAna, bhIrutvapratyAkhyAna, hAsyapratyAkhyAna aura anuvIcibhASaNa ye pA~ca bhAvanAe~ batalAyI gayI haiM / acaurya yA asteya aNuvrata meM sthiratA ke lie zUnyAgAra, vimocitAvAsa, paroparodhAkaraNa, bhaikSyazuddhi aura sadharmAvisaMvAda, ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / brahmacarya aNuvrata meM dRr3hatA kA vikAsa karane ke lie strIrAgakathAzravaNatyAga, strImanoharAGganirIkSaNatyAga, pUrvaratAnusmaraNatyAga, vRSyeSTa rasatyAga aura svazarIrasaMskAra tyAga, ina pA~ca bhAvanAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / aparigrahANuvrata kI pA~ca bhAvanAoM ke rUpa meM indriyoM ke manojJa viSayoM meM rAga nahIM karanA aura amanojJa viSayoM meM dva eSa nahIM karanA, ityAdi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ina ahiMsAdi aNuvratoM kI rakSA ke lie maMtrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura mAdhyastha, ina cAra bhAvanAoM kA nirantara abhyAsa karanA bhI Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai / aNuvratoM ke pUrNa pAlana ke lie pratyeka aNuvrata ke pA~ca-pA~ca ati-cAra bhI batAe gaye haiM, jinheM vratoM ke upaniyama kahA jA sakatA hai / ahiMsANuvratI zrAvaka sthUla trasahiMsA kA tyAga to karatA hI hai, sAtha sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA kA bhI yathAzakti tyAga karatA hai / isa vrata meM zuddhi ke lie pA~ca aticAroM kA tyAga apekSita batAyA gayA hai / ve aticAra isaprakAra haiM--bandha, vadha, cheda, atibhArAropaNa, aura annapAnanirodha / satyANuvrata ke pA~ca aticAroM meM mithyopadeza, rahobhyAkhyAna, kUTalekhakriyA, nyAsApahAra aura sAkAramaMtrabheda kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / acaurya yA asteyANuvrata kA pUrNataH pAlana karane ke lie stena prayoga, stena AhRtAdAna, viruddharAjyAtikrama, hInAdhikamAnonmAna aura pratirUpakavyavahAra, ina pA~ca aticAroM kA tyAga Avazyaka batAyA gayA hai / brahmacaryANuvrata ke pA~ca aticAroM meM paravivAhakaraNa, itvarikAparigRhItAgamana, itvarikA aparigRhItAgamana anaMgakIr3A aura kAmatIvrAbhiniveza kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / pari- 51

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52 zramaNa, apraila-jana 1992 . grahaparimANa aNuvrata ke aticAroM meM kSetra aura vAstu ke pramANa kA atikrama, hiraNya aura suvarNa ke pramANa kA atikrama, dhana-dhAnya ke pramANa kA atikrama, dAsI aura dAsa ke pramANa kA atikrama evaM kupya ke pramANa ke atikrama kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| __ vratoM ke atirikta zrAvaka dvArA sAtazIloM kA pAlana Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai| ahiMsAdi jo pA~ca vrata haiM. ve mUlabhUta haiM, unhIM vratoM kI ye sAta zIla paridhA (khAIM) kI taraha rakSA karate haiM / isalie inheM 'zIla" zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| ve sAtazIla isa prakAra haiM-digavirati, dezavirati, anarthadaNDavirati, sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, upabhoga-parimANa aura atithisaMvibhAgavata / ina zIloM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prArambha ke tIna guNavrata haiM aura anta ke cAra zikSAvrata kahe gaye haiN| ina vratoM se sampanna zrAvaka ke lie jIvana ke antima samaya meM eka aura vrata dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna hai, jise sallekhanA, samAdhimaraNa, saMthArA Adi nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| zrAvaka sAta zIlavatoM kA pAlana karatA hai| isake antargata tIna guNavata digvata, dezatrata yA dezAvakAzika, anarthadaNDavrata aura cArazikSAbrata-sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, bhogopabhogaparimANa aura atithisaMvibhAga, ye sAta grahaNa kiye jAte haiN| vibhinna AcAryoM meM guNavrata aura zikSAvratoM ke nAmoM evaM krama meM paraspara bhinnatA pAyI jAtI hai / ina sAta zIlavatoM arthAt guNavrata aura zikSAvratoM meM vRddhi, puSTi, rakSA evaM pUrNa pAlana ke lie inameM pratyeka ke pA~ca-pA~ca aticAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, jo zrAvaka ke dvArA jAnane yogya haiM, AcaraNa karane yogya nhiiN| digvirati ke Urdhvavyatikrama, adhovyatikrama, tiryagvyatikrama, kSetravRddhi aura smRtyantarAdhAna pA~ca aticAra batalAe gaye haiN| dezavirati yA dezAvakAzika ke pA~ca aticAroM kA ullekha isaprakAra kiyA gayA hai-Anayana, preSyaprayoga, zabdAnupAta, rUpAnupAta, pudgalakSepa / anarthadaNDavirati ke pA~ca aticAra batAe gaye haiM-apadhyAna, pApopadeza, pramAdAcarita, hiMsAdAna aura azubhazruti / sAmAyika ke nimnalikhita aticAra batAe gaye haiM--kAyaduSpraNidhAna, vacanaduSpraNi

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prAkRta jainAgama paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra dhAna, manoduSpraNidhAna, anAdara aura smRtynupsthaan| proSadhopavAsa ke aticAra rUpa meM apratyavekSitApramAjitotsarga, apratyavekSitApramAjitAdAna, apratyavekSitApramAjitasaMstaropakramaNa, anAdara aura smRtyanupasthAna kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| upabhoga paribhogaparimANa ke pA~ca aticAroM meM sacittAhAra, sacittasambandhAhAra, sacittasaMmizrAhAra, abhiSva AhAra aura duSpakvAhAra kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| atithisaMvibhAga ke sacittanikSepa, sacittAvidhAna, paravyapadeza, mAtsarya aura kAlAtikrama ye pA~ca aticAra batAe gaye haiM / sallekhanA, samAdhimaraNa yA saMthArA ke lakSaNapUrvaka usake jIvitAzaMsA, maraNAzaMsA, mitrAnurAga,. sukhAnubandha aura nidAna, ina aticAroM kA ullekha hai / zrAvaka ke dainandina kAryoM meM SaTkarmoM kA pAlana bhI Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai| SaTkarma isaprakAra haiM-(1) devapUjA, (2) gurubhakti, (3) svAdhyAya, (4) saMyama, (5) tapa aura (6) dAna / vratoM kI puSTi ke lie maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura mAdhyasthabhAva ina cAra bhAvanAoM kA. vidhAna hai| ___ zrAvaka ke cAritrika vikAsa kI gyAraha zreNiyA~ batAyI gayI haiM unheM 'pratimA' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai, jo nimnaprakAra haiM(1) darzana, (2) vrata, (3) sAmAyika, (4) proSadha, (5) sacittavirata, (6) divAmaithunavirata yA rAtribhuktityAga, (7) brahmacarya, (8) ArambhatyAga, (9) parigrahatyAga, (10) anumatityAga aura (11) uddiSTatyAga / gyArahavIM pratimA ke kSullaka aura ailaka do bheda kiye gaye haiN| ina pratimAoM ke nAma aura krama meM AcAryoM meM bhinnatA dekhI jAtI hai| isa prakAra antima pratimA taka pahu~cate-pahu~cate zrAvaka zramaNa kI AcArasaMhitA kA pAlana karane meM sakSama ho jAtA hai isalie gyArahavIM pratimA ko zramaNabhUta bhI kahA gayA hai| zrAvakAcAra kA pAlana karate hue yadi Ayu pUrNa ho jAtI hai to vaha sallekhanA yA samAdhimaraNa athavA saMthArApUrvaka apane zrAvaka dharma ko pUrNa karatA hai| Ayu zeSa rahane para zramaNAcAra ko aMgIkAra kara letA hai| zrAvaka vratadhArI gRhastha zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| yaha zrAvaka vivekavAn

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54 zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 virakta citta aura aNuvratI hotA hai / vaha zraddhApUrvaka apane zramaNa gurujanoM se nirgrantha dharma kA pravacana sunatA hai, isalie use zrAvaka kahate haiN|' vratadhArI ko upAsaka, aNuvratI, dezavirata, sAgAra, dezacAritrin, zramaNopAsaka Adi zabdoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| ye sabhI zabda paryAyavAcI hote hue bhI apanA svatantra sArthakya rakhate haiN| zrAvaka, zramaNavarga athavA zrAmaNya kI upAsanA karatA hai, isalie use zramaNopAsaka yA upAsaka bhI kahA jAtA hai, zrAvaka aNuvratI hotA hai| yaha vratoM kA ekadeza pAlana karatA hai, pUrNa rUpa se nahIM / isalie isake vrata aNuvrata kahe jAte haiN| zrAvaka ke AcAra kI dArzanika vyAkhyA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki cAritramoha karma ke bheda rUpa apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa kaSAya ke kSayopazama nimittaka pariNAmoM kI prApti ke samaya Atmavizuddhi kA prakarSa hotA hai| usa vizuddhi ke kAraNa hI vyakti zrAvaka kA AcAra grahaNa kara pAtA hai, anyathA nhiiN| isa vizuddhi ke binA vyakti kI samyak AdhAra meM pravRtti hI nahIM hotii| vastutaH vrata, aNu yA mahat nahIM hote, AdhAra bheda se ve isa vizeSaNa ko prApta hote haiN| yaha sAgAra yA zrAvaka pAMca aNuvrata, cAra zikSAvrata aura tIna guNavata, isa taraha bAraha prakAra kA saMyamAcaraNa cAritra dhAraNa karatA hai| jIvana ke anta meM sallekhanA pUrvaka mRtyu kA varaNa karatA hai, AvAhna karatA hai athavA gyAraha pratimAe~ dhAraNa karatA hai| ye pratimAeM vairAgya kI prakarSatA se uttarottara zreNiyA~ haiN| apanI zakti ko na chipAtA huA zrAvaka kramazaH Upara uThatA jAtA hai| antima zreNI meM vaha zramaNa se kiMcit nyUna rahatA hai / 1. zRNoti gurvAdibhyo dharmamiti zrAvakaH / sA0 dha0, TI0 1.15 2. cAritramohakarma vikalpApratyAkhyAnAvaraNakSayopazama nimittapariNAmaprApti kAle vizuddhiprakarSayogAt zrAvako / sa. si0 9 / 45 3. paMcevANuvvayAI guNavvayAI havaMti taha tipiNa / sikkhAkya catvAri ya saMjamavaraNaM va sAyAraM // vA0 pA0 22 upAsaga0 1 23.45

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prAkRta jainAgama paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra zrAvaka tIna prakAra ke batAe gae haiM-pAkSika, naiSThika aura sAdhaka / ye hiMsA-zuddhi ke tIna prakAra haiM / inase hiMsA Adi se ajita pApa naSTa hote haiM / pAkSika zrAvaka ____ asi, masi, kRSi, vANijya Adi Arambha kAryoM se gRhasthoM se hiMsA honA sambhava hai. tathApi pakSa, caryA aura sAdhakapana tInoM se hiMsA kA nivAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| inameM se sadA ahiMsA rUpa pariNAma rakhanA pakSa hai| pakSayukta zrAvaka pAkSika kahalAtA hai athavA nirgrantha deva, guru tathA dharma ko hI mAnanA pakSa hai, aise pakSayukta zrAvaka pAkSika kahe jAte haiN| ina zrAvakoM kI vRtti, maitrI, pramoda, karuNA va mAdhyastha vRtti rUpa hotI hai / caryA, naiSThika, zrAvaka dharma ke lie, kisI devatA ke lie, kisI mantra ko siddha karane ke lie, auSadhi ke lie aura apane bhogopabhoga ke lie, kabhI hiMsA nahIM krte| yadi kisI kAraNa se hiMsA ho hI gaI ho to vidhipUrvaka vizuddhatA dhAraNa karate haiM tathA parigraha kA tyAga karane ke samaya apane ghara, dharma aura apane vaMza meM utpanna hue pUtra Adi ko samarpaNa kara jabataka ve ghara ko parityAga karate haiM, tabataka unake caryA kahalAtI hai| yaha caryA dArzanika se anumativirata pratimA paryanta hotI hai| jIvahiMsA na karate hue nyAyapUrvaka AjIvikA kA upArjana 1. pAdikAdibhiH tredhA zrAvakastatra pAkSikaH / naiSThikaH sAdhakaH / sA0 dha. 120 2. asimaSikRSivANijyAdibhiryahasthAnAM hiMsAsaMbhaveva'pi vA0 sa0 4014 ___ sA0 dha0 2 / 2-16 sAdhakatvamevaM pakSAdibhismibhihiMsAdyupacitaM pApam apagataM bhavati / ca0 so0 4113 3. dharmArtha devatArthamantrasiddhayathamoSadhArthamAhArArtha svabhogAya ca gRhamedhinI hisA na kurvanti / hiMsAsaMbhave prAyazcitta vidhinA vizuddhaH san parigahaparityAgakaraNe sati svagRhaM dharma ca vezyAya samarpya yAvad gRhaM parityajati tAvadasya varyA bhavati / cA0 sA0 4014; sA0 dha0 119

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 karanA tathA zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM evaM gyAraha pratimAoM kA pAlana karanA caryA athavA niSThA hai| isaprakAra kI caryA kA AcaraNa karane vAlA gRharatha naiSThika zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| sAgAra dharmAmRta meM kahA hai--dezasaMyama kA ghAta karane vAlI kaSAyoM ke kSayopazama kI kramazaH vRddhi ke vaza se zrAvaka ke dArzanika Adika gyAraha saMyama sthAnoM ke vazIbhUta aura uttama lezyA vAlA vyakti naiSThika kahalAtA hai|' sAdhaka zrAvaka __ isI taraha jisameM sampUrNa guNa vidyamAna haiM, jo zarIra kA kampana, ucchavAsa lenA, netroM kA kholanA Adi kriyAoM kA tyAga kara rahA hai aura jisakA citta loka ke Upara virAjamAna siddhoM meM lagA huA hai, aise samAdhimaraNa karane vAle kA zarIra parityAga karanA sAdhakapanA kahalAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, jIvana ke anta meM AhArAdi kA sarvathA tyAga karanA sAdhana kahalAtA hai| isa sAdhana ko svIkAra karate hue dhyAna zuddhipUrvaka Atmazodhana karane vAlA gRhastha sAdhakazrAvaka kahalAtA hai| athavA jo zrAvaka Anandita hotA haA jIvana ke anta meM mRtyu samaya zarIra, bhojana aura mana, vacana, kAya ke vyApAra ke tyAga se pavitra dhyAna ke dvArA AtmA kI zuddhi ko sAdhana karatA hai, vaha sAdhaka kahA jAtA hai| aNuvrata hiMsAdika pApoM kI jIvanaparyanta nivRtti vrata hai| zrAvaka ina vratoM kA ekadeza pAlana karatA hai| ataH usake dvArA pAle jAne vAle vrata aNuvrata kahalAte haiN| ina vratoM ko sarvAGga pAlana na kara pAne kA kAraNa kaSAya mAnA gayA hai| krodhAdi kaSAyoM kI tIvratA ke kAraNa sAdhaka sampUrNa cAritra ko dhAraNa nahIM kara paataa| isalie usake dvArA 1. dezayamanakaSAya-kSayopazamatAratamyavazataH syAm / darzani kAdya kAdaza-dazAvazo naiSThikaH sulezyataraH / / sA0 dha0 3 / 1 2. sakalaguNasaMpUrNasya zarIrakampanocchvAsanonmIlana vidhi pariharamANasya lokAgamanasaH zarIraparityAgaH sAdhakatvam / vA0 sA0 4110 3. sA0 dha0 1119-20

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prAkRta jainAgama paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra 57 svIkRta vrata aNuvrata kahalAte haiM aura sAdhaka ko aNuvratI, dezavirata yA dezasaMyamI kahA jAtA hai / " aNuvrata zrAvaka ke pramukha guNa haiM / jaise pA~ca mahAvratoM ke abhAva meM zrAmaNya nirjIva hotA hai usI taraha pA~ca aNuvratoM ke abhAva meM zrAvaka dharma niSprANa hotA hai / uvAsagadasAo vratoM kA vivaraNa sthUla prANAtipAtaviramaNa, sthUlamRSAvAdaviramaNa, sthUla adattAdAnaviramaNa, svadArasantoSa aura icchAparimANa ke rUpa meM milatA hai / kundakunda ne kahA hai-sthUla trasakAya jIvoM kI hiMsA, sthUla mRSA, sthUla adattagrahaNa evaM parastrI kA tyAga tathA bahuta Arambha parigraha kA parimANa aNuvrata kahalAtA hai / zrAvaka ke vrata aNu arthAt alpa hote haiM / cAritra mohanIya karma ke kAraNa vaha hiMsAdi pApoM kA sarvAGga tyAga nahIM kara sakatA / vaha sajIvoM kI hiMsA kA hI tyAgI hotA hai, isalie usake ahiMsANuvrata hotA hai / sneha aura mohAdika ke vaza se gRhavinAza aura grAmavinAza ke kAraNa asatya vacana se nivRtta hotA hai, ataH usake satyANu vrata hotA hai| binA dI huI vastu ko lene se usakI prIti ghaTa jAtI hai, isalie acauryANuvrata hotA hai / svIkAra kI gaI yA binA svIkAra kI huI parastrI kA saMga karane se rati haTa jAtI hai, isalie usake parastrI tyAga aNuvrata hotA hai / dhana, dhAnya, kSetra Adi kA svecchA se parimANa kara letA hai, ataH usake parigraha parimANa aNuvrata hotA hai / * zIlavrata ahiMsA Adi vrata haiM aura inake pAlana karane ke kA tyAga karanA zIla hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, vratoM kI kahate haiM / jisa prakAra nagara kI 1 1. deza sarvato . NumahatI / ta0 mu0 712 2. uvAsaga0 1 / 24-8 3. thUletasakAyavahe lemose adatta thale ya / lie krodhAdika rakSA ko zIla parikhA dvArA rakSA kI jAtI hai, usI parihAro paramahilA pariggahAraMbhaparimANaM || cA. pA. 24; basu. zrI. 208, bha. A0 2080 ra. ka. zrA. 56 4 sa.si., ta. vA. 7 / 2

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 taraha zIla dvArA vratoM kI rakSA kI jAtI hai|' zIla sAta haiM1-digvirati, 2-dezavirati, 3-anarthadaNDavirati, 4-sAmAyika, 5-proSadhopavAsa, 6-upabhogaparibhogaparimANa aura 7-atithisNvibhaag| zIla ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| prArambha ke tIna guNavrata kahalAte haiM aura zeSa cAra zikSAvrata kahe gaye haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM guNavrata aura zikSAkta donoM ko zIlasaptaka kahA jAtA hai| guNavata guNavrata ahiMsAdi aNuvratoM kI rakSA tathA vRddhi karate haiM arthAt ye guNoM ke bar3hAne ke kAraNa haiM isalie ina vratoM ko guNavrata kahate haiM / aNuvrata zrAvaka ke mUlaguNa rUpa hote haiN| guNavrata una mUla yA mukhya guNoM kI rakSA aura vRddhi karate haiM, aNuvratoM kA upakAra karate haiM, isI kAraNa ye guNavrata kahe jAte haiN|4 guNavrata tIna haiM-1-digvata, 2-dezavrata aura 3--anrthdnnddvrt| ratnakaraNDaka meM dignata, anarthadaNDavrata, bhogopabhoga parimANa ko guNavrata kahA hai| zikSAvata zikSA kA artha abhyAsa hai| jisa taraha vidyArthI punaH punaH vidyA kA abhyAsa karatA hai, usI prakAra zrAvaka yA upAsaka kucha vratoM kA 1. vrataparirakSaNArtha zIlamiti digviratyAdInIha zIlagrahaNena gRhyante / sa. si. 7 / 24 2. guNavatatrayaM zikSAvratacatuSTayaM zIlasaptakamityucyate / digviratiH dezavi ratiH anarthadaNDaviratiH sAmAyikaM, proSadhopavAsaH upabhogaparibhogaparimANaM atithisaMvibhAgazceti / cA0 sA0 1316 3. anuvRhaNAd guNAnAmAkhyAyanti guNavratAnyAryAH / ra0 ka0 zrA0 67 4. yadguNAyopakArAyANuvratAnAM vratAni sat / guNavratAni / 5. jaM ca disAveramaNaM aNatthadaMDehiM jaM ca veramaNaM / dezAvagAsiyaM pi ya guNavvayAI bhave taaii| bha0 A0 2075; sa0 si0 7 // 21; vasu0 zrA0 214 / 16 / sA0 dha0 5 / 1

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prAkRta jainAgama paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra bAra-bAra abhyAsa karatA hai| isI abhyAsa ke kAraNa ye vrata zikSAbata kahalAte haiN| aNuvrata aura guNavrata eka bAra kisI niyata samaya taka grahaNa kiye jAte haiM, arthAt aNuvratAdi jIvana bhara yA kisI anya niyata kAla taka ko lie jAte haiM, jabaki zikSAvrata bAra-bAra grahaNa kiye jAte haiM; kyoMki ye kucha samaya ke lie hI hote haiN| zikSAvrata cAra prakAra ke batAe gaye haiM-inake nAma evaM krama meM AcAryoM meM bhinnatA pAyI jAtI hai / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM likhA hai-bhogopabhogaparimANa, sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa aura atithisaMvibhAga ye cAra zikSAvata haiN| Age kahA gayA hai ki ina vratoM ko pAlane vAlA gRhastha sahasA maraNa Ane para bhI, jIvita rahane kI AzA ke kAraNa jisake bandhugaNa ne dIkSA lene kI anumati nahIM dI hai, aise prasaMga meM vaha ghara meM sallekhanA dhAraNa karatA hai| ardhamAgadhI Agama paramparA meM sAmAyika, dezAvakAzika proSadhopavAsa aura atithisaMvibhAga ko zikSAvrata mAnA gayA hai / kundakunda ne cArittapAhuDa meM sAmAyika, proSadha, atithi pUjA aura sallekhanA ko zikSAvratoM meM ginAyA hai|3 ratnakaraNDaka meM dezAvakAzika, sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa aura vaiyAvatya ye cAra zikSAbata mAne gaye haiN| upAsakadazAMga meM guNavatAdi sAtoM ko zikSAvrata kahA gayA hai|" digvata digvata kA artha hai-dizA sambandhI niyama / yaha prathama guNavata hai| apanI tyAgavRtti ke anusAra vyavasAya Adi pravRttiyoM ke nimitta dizAoM meM gamanAgamana viSayaka maryAdA nizcita karanA digvata pari1. bha0 A0 2076-82; sa0 si. 7 / 21 2. jainAcAra pR0 113 3. cA0 pA0, gA0 26 4. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra 91 5. taeNaM se ANaMde gAhAvaI samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa aMtie paMcANuvva iyaM sattasikkhAvaiyaM-duvAlasavihaM sAvayadhamma paDivajjati / uvAsaga0 1 / 45

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 mANavata hai| isase parigrahaparimANa nAmaka pA~caveM aNuvrata kI rakSA hotI hai; kyoMki dizAoM kI maryAdA nizcita ho jAne para lobha-tRSNA para svataH niyantraNa hotA hai, jisase icchA parimANa meM dRr3hatA AtI hai| samantabhadra ne likhA hai-maraNaparyanta sUkSma pApoM kI vinivRtti ke lie dazoM dizAoM kA parimANa karake "isase bAhara maiM nahIM jAU~gA" isa prakAra saMkalpa karanA digvata hai|' digvata ke paripUrNa pAlana ke lie divirati ke pA~ca aticAra batAe gaye haiM - urdhvavyatikrama, adhovyatikrama, tiryagvyatikrama, kSetravRddhi aura smRtyantarAdhAna / ' pramAdavaza yA ajJAna ke kAraNa U~cI, nIcI tathA vidizAoM kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana karanA, kSetra kI maryAdA bar3hA lenA aura kI huI pratijJAoM ko bhUla jAnA digvrata ke aticAra haiN| ataH sAdhaka ko inake prati sAvadhAna rahanA Avazyaka hai| dhIredhIre digvrata meM kI gayI maryAdA ke bAhara trasa-sthAvara hiMsA kA. tyAga ho jAne se zrAvaka kA digvata nAmaka aNuvrata utane aMza meM mahAvrata hotA hai aura maryAdA ke bAhara pariNamana hone se lobha kA tyAga hotA hai / dezavata yA dezAvakAzikavrata dezavrata dUsarA guNavrata hai| grAmAdika kI nizcita maryAdA rUpa pradeza deza kahalAtA hai| usase bAhara jAne kA tyAga kara denA dezavrata hai| ise dezAvakAzika vrata bhI kahate haiN| yaha vrata zaktyanusAra niyatakAla ke lie hotA hai| samantabhadra ne ratnakaraNDaka meM likhA hai ki 1. digvalayaM parigaNitaM kRtvA'to'haM bahirna yAsyAmi / iti saMkalpo digvratamAmRtyaNupApavinivRttyai // ra0 ka0 zrA0 68; sa0 si0 7 / 21; vasu0 zrA0 214; rA0 vA0 7 / 21 / 16; sA0 dha0. 5 / 2 kA0 a0 342 UrdhvAdhastiryagvyatikramakSetravRddhismRtyantarAdhAnAni / ta0 sU0 7 / 30; ra0 ka0 zrA0 73 3. ra0 ka0 zrA0. 70-71; sa0 si07|21 4. grAmAdInAmavadhRtapariNAmaH pradezo dezaH / tatobahinivRttirdezavirativratam / / sa0 si0 7121; ta0 vA0 7 / 21 / 3; pu0 si0 u0 139

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prAkRta jainAgama paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra 61 digvata meM pramANa kiye hue vizAla deza meM kAla ke vibhAga se pratidina tyAga karanA dezAvakAzika vrata hai| dezAvakAzika vrata meM kSetra kI maryAdA amuka ghara, galI athavA kaTaka-chAvanI, grAma-kheta, nadI, vana yA yojana taka kI jAtI hai| yaha maryAdA eka varSa, chaha mAha, cAra mAha, do mAha, eka pakSa aura nakSatra taka kI bhI ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra dezavratI zrAvaka lobha aura kAma ko ghaTAne ke lie tathA pApanivRtti ke lie varSa Adi kI athavA pratidina kI maryAdA karatA hai| pahale digvrata meM kiye hue dizAoM ke pramANa ko tathA bhogopabhoga parimANavrata meM kie gaye indriya ke viSayoM ke parimANa ko aura bhI kama karatA hai| yahI dezavata apanI maryAdA ke bAhara sthUla-sUkSma rUpa pApoM kA tyAga hone para mahAvrata ke sadRza ho jAtA hai / Anayana, preSyaprayoga, zabdAnupAta, rUpAnupAta aura pudgalakSepa ye pA~ca dezavrata ke aticAra yA doSa haiM / dezavata ke samyak pAlana ke lie ina doSoM kA jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai jisase dezavrata kA nirdoSa aura niraticAra pAlana kiyA jA ske| 1. dezAvakAzikaM syAtkAlaparicchedanena dezasya / pratyahamaNuvratAnAM pratisaMhAro vizAlasya / / gRhahArigrAmANAM kSetranadIdAvayojanAnAM ca / dezAvakAzikasya smaranti sImnAM tapovRddhAH / saMvatsaramRturayanaM mAsacaturmAsapakSamRkSa ca / dezAvakAzikasya prAhuH kAlAvadhi prAjJAH / / ra0 ka0 zrA0 92-94; sA0 dha0 4 / 25 2. puva-pamANa-kadANaM savvadisINaM puNo vi saMvaraNaM / iMdiyavisayANa tahApuNo vi jo kuNadi saMvaraNaM // vAsAdikayapamANaM diNe-diNe loha-kAma-samaNahra / / kA0 a0 367-368; vasu0 zrA0 215, guNa0 zrA0 141 3. pUrvavadbahirmahAvratatvaM vyavasthApyam / sA0 si0 7 / 21; ta0 vA0 7 / 21 / 20; 20 ka0 zrA0 95 4. AnayanapreSyaprayogazabdarUpAnupAtapudgalakSepAH / ta0 sU0 7131; ra0 ka0 zrA0 95

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 ngr anarthadaNDa kA artha hai-nirarthaka asat pravattiyA~ jisase apanA kucha prayojana nahIM sadhatA, use anartha kahate haiN| jo pravRtti upakAraka na hokara kevala pApa kA kAraNa banatI hai vaha anarthadaNDa hai / isa prakAra ke doSoM se nivRtti anarthadaNDavrata kahalAtA hai|' gRhastha zrAvaka apane tathA apane kuTumbIjanoM ke jIvana nirvAha yA mana, vacana, kAya sambandhI prayojana ke binA prANiyoM ko pIr3A nahIM detA aura anarthaka pApapUrNa pravRttiyoM se nivRtta hotA hai, vaha usakA anarthadaNDavrata kahalAtA hai| yaha guNavrata pradhAna rUpa se ahiMsANuvrata evaM aparigraha kA poSaka hotA hai| anartha daNDavratI zrAvaka nirarthaka hiMsA kA tyAgI hotA hai aura nira-. rthaka vastuoM kA saMgraha nahIM karatA hai / anarthadaNDa pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai-apadhyAna, pApopadeza, hiMsAdAna, duHzruti aura pramAdacaryA / hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha se sambandhita cintana apadhyAna kahalAtA hai / apadhyAna kA artha hai--kudhyAna, azubhadhyAna / jo upadeza sunane se bure karmoM meM pravRtti ho, isa taraha kA upadeza pApopadeza kahalAtA hai| binA prayojana hiMsA, khetI, vyApAraviSayaka upadeza pApopadeza anarthadaNDa haiM aura isase virata rahanA anarthadaNDavrata kahalAtA hai / hiMsA ke sAdhana pharasA, talavAra, khanitra, agni, sAMkala Adi kA dUsaroM ko nahIM denA hiMsAdAna anarthadaNDa hai / ajJAnavaza yA binA prayojana vRkSAdi kATanA, bhUmi kUTanA, khodanA, pAnI kA girAnA Adi. 1. asatyupakAre pApAdAnaheturanarthadaNDa: / sa0 si0, 7 / 21; ta0 vA0 721 / 4H 2. abhyantaraM digavadherapArtha kebhyaH sapApayogebhyaH / viramaNamanarthadaNDavrataM viduvratadharAgraNyaH / ra0 ka0 zrA0 74; kA0 a0 343; sA0 dha0 5 / 6 3. tayANaMtaraM ca NaM ca uvvihaM aNaTThAdaMDaM paccakkhAi, taM jhaa...| 1. ava jhANAcaritaM, 2. pamAyAcaritaM, 3 hiMsappayANaM, 4. pAvakammovadese / --uvAsaga, 113; pApopadeza hiMsAdAnApadhyAnaduHzrutI: paJca / / prAhaH pramAdacaryAmanarthadaNDAnadaNDadharAH // ra0 ka0 zrA0 75; sa0 si 7 / 21, rA0 vA0 7 / 21 / 21 / 549 / 5, bA0 sA0 16.4, pu0 si0 3

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prAkRta jainAgama paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra 63 kArya pramAdAcarita anarthadaNDa haiM aura inase nivRtta rahanA pramAdAcarita anarthadaNDa viramaNavrata kahalAtA hai| hiMsAdika tathA rAgAdika ko bar3hAne vAlI duSTa kathAoM kA nahIM sunanA aura na dUsaroM ko sunAnA duHzruti anarthadaNDa viramaNavrata kahA jAtA hai|' ___anarthadaNDavrata ke nimna pAMca aticAra batAe gaye haiM-- kandarpa, kautkucya, maukharya, asamIkSyAdhikaraNa aura bhogaparibhogAnarthakya / hAsyayukta, aziSTa aura vikAravardhaka vacana bolanA yA sunanA kandarpa kahalAtA hai| zarIra dvArA vikAravardhaka ceSTA sahita vacana prayoga kautkucya hai| asambaddha aura anAvazyaka bolanA maukharya kahalAtA hai| prayojana ke binA koI-koI kriyA karate rahanA, yA usakA cintana karanA, asamIkSyAdhikaraNa kahA jAtA hai| ise saMyuktAdhikaraNa bhI kahA gayA hai| AvazyakatA na hone para bhI upabhoga paribhoga kI sAmagrI ko ekatrita karanA aura usakA adhika saMgraha karake rakhanA bhogaparibhoga anarthakya hai, ye pA~ca isa vrata pAlana meM bAdhaka doSa haiM, isalie zrAvaka ko inakA jAnanA Avazyaka hai. jisase vratoM kA nirdoSa pAlana ho ske| isaprakAra anarthadaNDaviramaNavrata ke dvArA sAdhaka mukhyataH ahiMsANuvrata kA poSaNa karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, anarthadaNDa. viramaNavrata kA uddezya ahiMsA kA sUkSma pAlana karAnA hai / 2 sAmAyikavrata __ sam kA artha samatA yA samabhAva hai aura Aya kA artha lAbha yA prApti hai / isa taraha samAya kA artha hotA hai- samabhAva kA lAbha yA samatA kI prApti / isa samAya viSayaka kriyA yA bhAva sAmAyika kahalAtA hai| sAmAyika AtmA kA bhAva hai athavA zarIra kI eka kriyA vizeSa hai, jisase manuSya ko samabhAva kI prApti hotI hai| sAmAyika kA ArAdhaka trasa aura sthAvara samasta jIvoM ke prati samabhAva rakhatA hai / zramaNa bhI sAmAyika kA ArAdhaka hotA hai| zramaNa aura zrAvaka 1. ra0 ka0 zrA0 76-80; sa0 si0 8 / 21; pu0 si0 u0 142-45 2. kandarpa kautkuccamaukharyAsamIkSyAdhikaraNopabhogaparibhogAnarthakyAni / ___ ta0 sU0 7132, uvAsaga0 1 / 39, ra0 ka0 zrA0 81 3. sarvasAvadha nivRttilakSaNasAmAyikam / sa0 si0 7 / 1,

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 192 meM antara yaha hai ki zrAvaka usa sAmAyika ko eka niyatakAla se niyatakAla taka dhAraNakara abhyAsa karatA hai isalie zrAvaka ko usa sAmAyika ko vrata yA pratimA kahate haiM, parantu zramaNa kA jIvana hI samatAmaya bana jAtA hai, isalie usakI sArvakAlika samatA ko sAmAyika cAritra kahate haiN| ratnakaraNDaka meM likhA hai- mana, vacana, kAya tathA kRta, kArita, anumodanA pUrvaka kI huI maryAdA ke andara yA bAhara bhI kisI niyatasamayaparyanta pA~coM pApoM kA tyAga karanA sAmAyika vrata kahalAtA hai| sAdhaka dhIre-dhIre samabhAva kA abhyAsa karate-karate apane pUrNa jIvana ko samatAmaya banA letA hai aura sAmAyika karatA huA zrAvaka bhI saMyamI zramaNa ke samAna ho jAtA hai| isa taraha sAmAyika mahAvratoM kI ora agrasara hone kA kAraNa banatA hai| ____sAmAyikavrata ke kAyayogaduSpraNidhAna, vacanayogaduSpraNidhAna, manoyoga duSpraNidhAna, anAdara aura smRtyanupasthAna, pA~ca aticAra batAe gaye haiN| ataH sAmAyika vrata ke paripUrNa pAlanArtha ina doSoM se bacanA Avazyaka hai / zarIra se sAvadhapApayukta kriyA karanA kAya duSpraNidhAna kahalAtA hai / vANI se sAvadha vacana bolanA vAgduSpraNidhAna hai / mana se sAvadha bhAvoM kA cintana manoduSpraNidhAna hai| yathAsamaya sAmAyika na karanA, samaya se pUrva hI sAmAyika se uThanA, anAdara yA anavasthitakaraNa kahA gayA hai aura sAmAyika viSayaka vismaraNa smRtyanupasthAna yA smRtyakaraNa kahalAtA hai, jaise, sAmAyika karanI hai yA nhiiN| sAmAyika kI hai yA nahIM, sAmAyika pUrNa huA hai yA nahIM ityAdi / 3 proSadhoyavAsavrata proSadha kA artha parva hai| parva ke dina jo upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai, use proSadhopavAsa kahate haiM athavA vizeSa niyamapUrvaka upavAsa karanA 1. Asamayamuktimukta paJcAdhAnAmazeSa bhAvena / sarvatra ca sAmAyikA: sAmAyikaM nAma zaMsanti / ra0 ka0 zrA0 97 2. sAmAisi du kade samaNo ira sAvao havadi jahmA / ma0 A0 531, ra0 ka0 zrA0 102, sa0 si07|21 3. ta0 sU0, 7133, uvAsaga0 1 / 40, ra0 ka0 zrA0 105, sAdha0 5 / 33

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prAkRta jainAgama paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra 65 proSadhopavAsa hai|' samantabhadra ne kahA hai --cAra prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga upavAsa hai| eka bAra bhojana karanA proSadha hai| isaprakAra proSadhasahita gRhAraMbhAdi ko chor3akara upavAsa sahita Arambha na karanA proSadhopavAsa hai| caturdazI, aSTamI Adi parva haiN| ina dinoM zRMgAra Adi zArIrika satkAra binA sadA vrata-vidhAna kI icchA se cAra prakAra ke AhAra kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| vahI proSadha upavAsa kahalAtA hai| isa vrata meM upavAsa kA prayojana Atmatattva kA poSaNa hotA hai / proSadhopavAsa ke pA~ca aticAra batAe gaye haiM --apratyavekSita apramAjita bhUmi meM utsarga, apratyavekSita apramArjita vastu kA AdAna, apratyavekSita apramArjita saMstara kA upakramaNa, anAdara aura smRti kA anupasthAna / atithisaMvibhAgavata saMyama kA vinAza na ho, isa vidhi se jo AtA hai, vaha atithi hai athavA jisake Ane kI koI tithi nizcita na ho, use atithi kahate haiN| jisa zrAvaka ne tithi, parva, utsava Adi sabakA tyAga kara diyA hai| amukaparva yA tithi meM bhojana nahIM karatA, aise niyama ko tyAga diyA hai, use atithi kahate haiN| zeSa abhyAgata kahalAte haiN|6 atithi ke lie vibhAga karanA atithi saMvibhAga hai| vaha cAra prakAra hai--bhikSA, upakaraNa, auSadha aura pratizraya arthAt rahane kA sthAna / isase karuNAvRtti kA poSaNa hotA hai| atithi-saMvibhAgavata ke nimnalikhita pA~ca aticAra kahe gaye haiM 1. proSadhazabdaH parva paryAyavAcI / 'proSadhe upavAsa: proSadhopavAsa: / sa0 si0 7 / 21, ta0 vA0 72158 2. ra0 ka0 zrA0 109, kA0 a0 357-59 3. ra0 ka0 zrA0 16 / 18, vasu0 zrA0 293, sa0 si. 121 4. uvAsaga0 1642, ta0 sU0 7 // 34, ra. ka0 zrA0 110 5. sa0 si0 7 // 21 6. sA0 dha0 5 / 42 meM uddhata zloka 7. sa0 si0 721

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 1. sacetana kamala patrAdi meM AhAra rakhanA, 2. sacitta pAtra se DhakanA, 3. svayaM na dekara dUsare ko dAna dene ko kahakara anyatra cale jAnA,. 4. dAna dete samaya AptabhAva nahIM rakhanA, 5. zramaNAdi ke bhikSA kAla meM dvArApekSaNa karanA Adi / ' bhogopabhogaparimANavata paMcendriya sambandhI jo viSaya eka bAra bhoga karane ke bAda punaH upabhoga meM na AyeM, ve bhoga kahalAte haiN| jaise ---bhojana, pAna, gandha aadi| eka bAra bhoga hone ke bAda punaH jinakA upabhoga kiyA jA sake ve upabhoga kahe jAte haiN| jaise--- vastra, alaMkAra, zayana, Asana, ghara, vAhana Adi / upabhoga ko paribhoga bhI kahA gayA hai| bhoga aura upabhoga viSayaka sAmagrI kI maryAdA bhogopabhoga parimANavata kahalAtA hai / 2 ratnakaraNDaka meM kahA gayA hai ki rAga, rati Adi bhAvoM ko kama karane ke lie parigraha parimANavata meM kI huI maryAdA meM bhI prayojanabhUta indriya viSayoM kA pratidina parimANa kara lenA bhogopabhoga parimANavata hai| yaha parimANa jIvanaparyanta athavA niyatakAla ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa bhogopabhoga parimANavata yama aura niyama ke rUpa meM do prakAra kA hotA hai-jisameM kAla kI maryAdA hotI hai vaha niyama kahalAtA hai aura jIvana bhara ke lie kiye jAne vAlA parimANa yama kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra isa vrata se bhI ahiMsA vrata kA utkarSa hotA hai|3 bhogopabhoga ke aticAra rUpa meM sacittAhAra, sacittasambandhAhAra, sammizrAhAra, abhakSyAhAra aura duHpakvAhAra kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pratimA pratimA kA artha hai-pratijJA, niyama, vrata, tapa athavA abhigraha1. ta0 sU0 7136, uvAsaga0 1143, ra0 ka0 zrA0 121 2. ra0 ka0 zrA0 83, sa0 si0 7 / 21, 2124 3. akSArthAnAM parisaMkhyAnabhogopabhogaparimANaM / arthavatAmapyavadhau rAgaratInAM tanUkRtaye // ra0 ka0 zrA0 82, 84, 87, sa0 si0 7 / 21. 4. ta0 sU0 7 / 35, sA0 dha0 5 / 20, cA0 sA0 2541

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prAkRta jainAgama paramparA meM gRhasthAcAra 67 vizeSa / zrAvaka ke lie gyAraha pratimAoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| ye vairAgya kI prakarSatA se zrAvaka kI gyAraha zreNiyAM haiN| zrAvaka apanI zakti ko na chipAtA huA ina pratimAoM kI anavarata sAdhanA karake uttarottara utkarSa ko prApta hotA hai| antima pratimA meM zrAvaka kA rUpa sAdhu se kiMcit nyUna rahatA hai| isalie antima pratimA ko zramaNabhUta pratimA nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai|' ye gyAraha pratimAeM isa prakAra haiM-1. dArzanika, 2. vratika, 3. sAmayika, 4. proSadhopavAsI, 5. sacittavirata, 6. rAtribhuktavirata, 7. brahmacArI, 8. Arambhavirata, 9. parigrahavirata, 10. anumativirata aura 11. uddiSTavirata / gyArahavIM uddiSTavirata pratimA ke do bheda haiM-prathama eka vastra rakhane vaalaa| ise kSullaka kahate haiN| dUsarA kopIna arthAt laMgoTI mAtra ke parigraha vAlA, ise ailaka kahA jAtA pratimAe~ tapaHsAdhanA kI kramazaH vRddhi ko prApta avasthAe~ haiM / dUsare zabdoM meM zrAvaka ke ye gyAraha sthAna haiN| pratimA dhAraNa karane vAle zrAvaka ke vrata-niyamAdi guNa samyagdarzanAdi kramazaH bar3hate rahate haiN| ataH uttara-uttara pratimAoM meM pUrva-pUrva pratimAoM ke guNa svataH samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| gyArahavIM pratimA ke bAda zrAvaka svazakti anusAra munidharma kI dIkSA letA hai athavA sallekhanA yA samAdhimaraNa kA varaNa karatA hai| ise mAraNAMtika sallekhanA kahate haiM jo prItipUrvaka, zAntipUrvaka sevana kI jAtI hai|" 1. draSTavya, adhyAya 4, pri.| bhikSa pratimA / 2. dasaNa-vaya-sAmAiya posaha saccitta rAibhatte ya / baMbhAraMbhapariggaha aNumaNa uThThi desavirade / / bA0 aNu0 69 uvAsaga0 1161-64, cA0 pA0 22, vasu0 zrA0 4, sA0 dha0 3 / 2-3' 3. esArasammi ThANe ukkiTTho sAvao have duvio| vatthekkadharo paDhamo kovINapariggaho vidio // vasu0 zrA0 301, guNa0 zrA0 184, sA0 dha0 7 / 38-39 4. cA0 sA0 3 / 4, sA0 dha0 3 / 5 5. mAraNAntikI sallekhanAM joSitA / ta0 sU0 7122, sA0 dha0 7.57

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki prAkRta - jainAgama paramparA meM gRhastha zrAvaka ke lie eka viziSTa prakAra kI AcAra saMhitA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / isa AcAra saMhitA ke pratipAdana meM bahusaMkhyA meM pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai una pAribhASika zabdoM para adhyayana kI dizA meM yaha vinamra prathama prayAsa hai, ataH use antima nahIM kahA jA sakatA / 68 upalabdha gRhasthAcAra viSayaka sAhitya ko dekhane se yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki gRhastha zrAvaka kI AcAra saMhitA meM bhI deza, kAla aura paristhitiyoM ke anusAra jaina manISiyoM dvArA aneka parivartana, parivarddhana evaM saMzodhana kiye gaye haiM, unakI pRthak-pRthak vyAkhyAyeM kI gaI haiM. Aja ke sAmAjika, Arthika evaM bhaugolika jIvana tathA sthiti ke pariprekSya meM una para punaH vicAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai /

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triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM pratipAdita sAMskRtika jIvana __ -DA0 umezacandra zrIvAstava hemacandra ne adhItavya grantha meM sAMskRtika jIvana se sambandhita bhojana-pAna, vastrAbhUSaNa, manovinoda, sAmAjika tathA dhArmika utsava Adi kA vistRta ullekha kiyA hai| isakA vivaraNa nimnalikhita hai bhojana-pAna-hemacandra viracita triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita ahiMsA pradhAna jaina saMskRti kI pRSThabhUmi para racita hai| ataeva granthakAra ne bhojana-pAna kI zuddhatA evaM sAtvikatA para vizeSa bala diyA hai| yadyapi granthakAra ne tatkAlIna samAja meM pracalita vividha prakAra ke bhojana-pAna kA ullekha kiyA hai tathApi madyapAna, mAMsa Adi bhojana kI burAiyoM se avagata bhI karAyA hai| grantha meM upalabdha bhojana-pAna kI sAmagrI ko nimnalikhita zIrSakoM ke antargata vivecita kiyA gayA hai : __ bhojana ke prakAra-AcArya hemacandra ne cAra prakAra ke bhojana kA nirdeza diyA hai'-azana (bhAta, dAla, roTI Adi), pAna (dUdha Adi peya padArtha), khAdya (laDDU Adi khAne yogya padArtha), evaM svAdya (pAna, ilAyacI, supArI Adi) / jaina purANoM meM bhI inakA ullekha hai / 2 / annAhAra - granthakAra ne vividha prakAra ke bhojyAnnoM ke antargata prAcIna itihAsa evaM saMskRti vibhAga, kA0 hi0 vi0 vi0; vArANasI 1. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, 1-1-456, pra0 jaina AtmAnanda sabhA bhAva nagara (bhAga 1-6) 1905-1909 2. mahApurANa-jinasena saM0 pannAlAla jaina, azanaM pAnakaM khAdyaM svAdyaM cAnnaM caturvidham 9-56 do-bhAga bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI prathama saMskaraNa 1954

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. 70 & yava', tila, caNaka', dhAnya, mASa", mudga kA ullekha kiyA hai / kalama eka vizeSa patalA, sugandhita evaM svAdiSTa hotA thA / ullekha hai / " zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 (mUMga), kalama Adi prakAra kA cAvala thA jo isase odana banAne kA svAsthyavardhaka AhAra - hemacandra ne zarIra bala, vIrya evaM sAtvika vRttiyoM ko bar3hAne vAle usase bane padArtha' (pAyasAnna), dadhisAra, ghRta, dahI, zahada Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai| ina AhAroM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki tatkAlIna samAja meM svAsthya para vizeSa dhyAna diyA jAtA thA / 1. triSaSTi. 1/2/692 2 . vahI, 3 / 7 / 158 3. vahI, 3 / 1 / 29 4. vahI, 10 / 13 / 270 5. vahI, 3|1|41 6. vahI, 3 / 1 / 41 7. vahI, 1018/255 8. vahI, 10 / 13 / 105 9. vahI, 2 / 3 / 304 10. vahI, 8 / 5 / 143 11. vahI, 3 / 1 / 42 12. vahI, 10 / 3 / 185 13. vahI, 8 / 9 / 338-339 14. vahI, 80 9 / 344 15. vahI, 1.1565 16. vahI, 1|4|837 17. vahI, 108 255 18. vahI, 1018 256 19. vahI, 1018 257 20. vahI, 1018aa 256 - zAka-sabjI - isake antargata hemacandra ne zUkara 14, zAkapaNikA, 15 AlU, maTara 17, kaddU, khIrA, svastika20 Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai / ko svastha rakhane tathA bhojanoM meM dugdha evaM .9

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tri0 0 za0 ca0 meM sAMskRtika jIvana phala - phaloM ke antargata hemacandra ne Ama, seva, santarA, zrIphala, kramuka, kelA, dADima, phUTa, ikSu Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai / " bhojya padArtha - bhojya padArthoM ke antargata hemacandra ne aneka vastuoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai jinameM micchila, tIyana ( kar3hI), maryarAla, baTaka, kulmASa, kASThapeyA, miSThAnna, maNDaka, maNDikA, modika, mArjita, kSereyI (khIra) palala, ghRtapura Adi kI gaNanA huI hai / ye - bhojya aneka padArthoM ke mizraNa se banAye jAte the / madyapAna - AcArya hemacandra ne madya ke aneka nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jaise - madirA, kAdambarI, vAruNI, hAlA, madya, surA, rasa Adi / hemacandrakAlIna samAja meM surApAna ke anekazaH ullekha milate haiM / 4 puruSa ke sAtha-sAtha striyoM ke bhI madyapAna kA ullekha milatA hai / surA ko devabhoga kI saMjJA dI gayI hai / saMbhavataH tatkAlIna zaiva matAvalambiyoM dvArA isakA prayoga pUjA ke jAtA rahA hogA / hemacandra ne ise viSa kI saMjJA dI naSTa ho jAtI hai / " isalie hemacandra ne madyapAna ke caulukya narendra kumArapAla se rAjAjJA nikalavAyI / hai 71 mAMsAhAra -- hemacandra ne mAMsAhAra meM mAMsa, machalI Adi kA nirdeza kiyA hai / aisA jJAta hotA hai ki tatkAlIna samAja meM prAyaH bakarI, hasti Adi kA mAMsa khAyA jAtA thA / " yaha AkheTa dvArA bhI nimitta kiyA jisase buddhi niSedha ke lie 1. triSaSTi 2 / 1 / 11, 6||50, 216480, 3 / 4 / 21, 2 / 6 / 260, 10/12/30, 66 206, 6/2/52, 2/6/254, 831806 2. vahI, 3|1|44, 3 / 1 / 41, 10/4/358, 10/8/255, 3 / 1 / 43, 10.3 / 400, 10 / 13 / 167, 1018 254 3. vahI, 8 / 9 / 307, 89 / 308, 8 9 312-314, 310, 313 4. vahI, 815187 5. vahI, 8 / 5 / 72 6. vahI, 8 2 / 419, 8 9 202 7. vahI, 8 / 9 / 328-329 8. vahI, 7 / 2 / 419, 10 / 7 / 331

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72 zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 prApta kiyA jAtA thaa| isa samaya machaliyoM ko bhI khAne kI prathA thii| vivAhAdi avasaroM para bhI AmiSa bhojana kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA A / tIrthaGkara neminAtha ke vivAha meM nabhacara, jalacara, sthalacara Adi ko pakar3akara ikaTThA kiyA gayA thaa| hemacandra ne tApasI dvArA mAMsa khAkara jIvanayApana karane kA ullekha kiyA hai / yadyapi samAja meM mAMsAhAra kI prathA pracalita thI tathApi hemacandra ne mAMsa khAne ko niSiddha kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki mAMsa khAne vAlA niSThura aura narakagAmI hotA hai| Alocya grantha meM aneka bhojya padArtha zrAvakoM ke lie vihita batAe gae haiN| inameM svIkRta bhojana ko 'pratilAbhya" tathA asvIkRta bhojana ko 'pratyAkhyAna'' kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| vihita bhojya padArthoM meM 46 prakAra ke doSoM se mukta bhojana ko grAhya batAyA gayA hai aura navanIta bhakSaNa, madhusevana, udumbara sevana, madyapAna, mA~sAhAra tathA rAtri bhojana ko tyAjya batAkara jaina paraMparA kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai| vastra---prastuta grantha meM vastra ke lie vAsa, vasana, paridhAna, cala,. aMzuka, paTa Adi zabdoM kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai|" 1. triSaSTi, 7 / 2 / 176 2. vahI, 214 / 34 3. vahI, 7 / 4 / 1754193 4. vahI, 8 / 9 / 172-173 5. vahI, 107.330 6. vahI, 819:305-306 7. vahI, 89 / 323-333 8. vahI, 8 / 3 / 229 9. vahI, 9-3-225 10. vahI, 8 / 9 / 334, 336, 338, 341, 351, 39-40 11. vahI, 216, 696, 643, 9, 2 / 4 / 365, 414 / 9, 3 / 2 / 117, 26 459, 4 / 4 / 39, 7 / 2 / 27, 8 / 3 / 95

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'tri0 za0 ca0 meM sAMskRtika jIvana vastroM ke prakAra-grantha meM sUtI, UnI tathA rezamI tInoM prakAra ke vastroM kA ullekha prApya hai / inakA vivaraNa nimnavat hai devadUSya'-grantha meM tIrthaMkaroM ke paMca kalyANakoM ke avasaroM para indrAdi devatAoM dvArA lAye gaye devadUSya vastra kA ullekha milatA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM devadUSya ko eka daivI vastra batAyA gayA hai / 2 vI0 'esa0 agravAla ke anusAra yaha eka kImatI vastra thaa| divya vastra-grantha meM kaI sthaloM para divya vastra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / yaha koI utkRSTa vastra rahA hogaa| dukUla' ---grantha meM kaI tIrthaMkaroM ke janma kalyANakotsava ke samaya dukUla vastra pahanane kA ullekha hai| nizIthacUrNI meM varNita hai ki dukala kA nirmANa dukUla nAmaka vRkSa kI chAla ko kUTakara usake reze se karate the| aMzuka --nizIthacUrNI ke anusAra aMzuka meM tArabIna kA kAma hotA thA / alaMkAroM meM jaradojI kA kAma evaM unameM svarNa ke tAra se citra-vicitra nakkAziyA~ nirmita kI jAtI thiiN|' bRhatkalpabhASya kI TIkA meM yaha komala evaM camakIlA rezamI vastra varNita kiyA gayA hai|' somadeva ne bhI isakA ullekha kiyA hai|10 1. triSaSTi 1 / 3 / 64, 2 / 4 / 365 2. bhagavatI sUtra, 15 / 11541 3. agravAla, vI0 esa0-harSacarita : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, vihAra rASTra bhASA pariSad, paTanA 1953 pR0 75 4. triSaSTi, 2 / 4 // 100 5. vahI, 4 / 1 / 559 6. nizIthacUrNI khaNDa 1 sammatijJAnapITha AgarA, 1957-60, pR0 10-12 7. triSaSTi, 8 / 3 / 173, 2 / 1 / 202 8. nizIthacUrNI 4, pUrvokta pR0 167 9. bRhatkalpabhASya, 4 / 36-61 10. yazastilaka-uttara khaNDa, saMpAdaka zivadatta, nirNayasAgara presa bambaI, 1901, 1903, pR0 13

Page #76
74 zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 prImaka'-grantha meM aumaka vastroM kA bhI ullekha hai| eka prasaMga meM Ananda ne do aumaka vastroM ko chor3akara bAkI sabhI vastra dAna meM de diyA thaa| sunandA va sumaMgalA ne bhI vivAha ke avasara para aumaka vastra dhAraNa kiyA thaa| kSauma - yaha atyanta mahIna evaM sundara vastra thA / yaha alasI kI chAla tantu se nirmita hotA thaa| vI0 esa0 agravAla ke anusAra yaha asama evaM baMgAla meM utpanna hone vAlI eka prakAra kI ghAsa se nirmita kiyA jAtA thaa| kAzI aura puNDra deza kA kSauma prasiddha thaa| __uttarIya - isakA prayoga dupaTTa ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai| ise kandhe para dhAraNa karate the| amarakoza meM uttarIya ko or3hane vAlA vastra kahA gayA hai / yaha puruSa aura strI donoM dhAraNa karate the|' antarIya 0-adhobhAga meM pahane jAne vAle vastroM meM antarIya, upasaMvyAna, paridhAna aura adhozuka kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|51 ina vastroM ko bhI strI-puraSa donoM ke dvArA pahanA jAtA thaa|12 amarakoza meM dhotI ke paryAyArthaka antarIya, upasaMvyAna, paridhAna aura adhozuka. kA ullekha hai|3 1. viSaSTi, 10 / 3 / 252 2. vahI, 108 / 252 3. triSaSTi 1 / 2 / 805 4. vahI 82 / 355 5. motIcandra : prAcIna bhAratIya veSabhUSA, bhAratI bhaNDAra prayAga saM0 2012 pR0 5 6 harSacarita : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana, pUrvokta pR0 76 7. motIcandra : vahI, pR0 9 8. triSaSTi 2 / 3 / 217 9. amarakoSa 2 / 6 / 118 10. triSaSTi 1 / 3 / 363 11. vahI, 2 / 5 / 88, 2 / 6 / 9, 7 / 6 / 390 12. vahI, 6 / 722, 8 / 3 / 485 13. amarakoSa 2 / 6 / 117

Page #77
tri0 za0 ca0 meM sAMskRtika jIvana 75 kaupIna' - yaha eka prakAra kA choTA vastra thA jisakA upayoga sAdhu pahanane ke kAma meM karate the / grantha meM nArada muni ko kaupIna vastra meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| tauliyA2-- grantha meM tauliyA kA bhI ullekha snAnoparAMta zarIra mAjita karane ke prasaMga meM AyA hai / kambala-grantha meM vikrayArtha lAyI gayI vastuoM meM kambala kA bhI ullekha huA hai| isakA prAcInatama ullekha atharvaveda meM upalabdha hai / hvenasAMga ke anusAra yaha bher3a-bakarI ke Una se nirmita hotA thaa| anya prakAra ke vastra-hemacandra ne anya kaI prakAra ke vastroM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| jaise-nepathyavastra, mukhavastra, vicitra vastra, paTTa athavA paTabandha, sAr3I, paTavAsa Adi / AbhUSaNa-vastra nirmANa kalA ke AviSkAra ke sAtha-sAtha AbhUSaNa kA bhI prayoga bhAratIya sabhyatA ke vikAsa ke sAtha Arambha huaa|" jaina purANoM meM zArIrika saundarya kI abhivRddhi ke lie AbhUSaNa kI upAdeyatA kA pratipAdana huA hai| hemacandra ne bhI vividha AbhUSaNoM kA ullekha apane grantha meM kiyA hai, jisakA ullekha nimnavat hai| grAbhUSaNa ke vividha prakAra zirobhUSaNa : mukuTa --yaha mANikya nirmita hotA thaa| yaha rAjakula se sambandhita puruSa evaM strI dhAraNa karate the / grantha meM mukuTa ke hI 1. triSaSTi 7 / 4 / 290 2. vahI, 1 / 2 / 804 3. vahI, 1 / 1 / 754 4. vahI, 3 / 1 / 208, 2 / 1 / 90, 10 / 3 / 9, 4 / 5 / 121, 8 / 3 / 502, 5 / 5 / 6 je0 sI0 sikadara : sTaDIja ina da bhagavatI sUtra, risarca iMsTIcyUTa Apha prAkRta jainolAjI eNDa ahiMsA, mujaphpharapura 1964 pR0 241 6. mahApu0, pUrvokta 62 / 29, 68 / 225, 63.461 7. triSaSTi 1 / 6 / 724, 4 / 7 / 318

Page #78
76 zramaNa, apraila-jUna 9992 artha meM kirITa'' kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ziroratna kA bhI vyavahAra isI artha meM huA hai| sImAntarata-ise striyA~ apane mA~ga meM dhAraNa karatI thii| Aja bhI mA~gaTIkA ke rUpa meM isakA pracalana hai / mauli.---DaoN0 vI. esa. agravAla ke matAnusAra kezoM ke Upara ke gola svarNapaTTa ko mauli saMjJA pradAna kI gayI hai| grantha meM isakA vyavahAra upamArtha kiyA gayA hai| karNAbhUSaNa : kuNDala'.--yaha kAna meM pahanA jAtA thaa| ratna yA maNijaTita hone ke kAraNa kuNDala ke aneka nAma milate haiM jaise-maNikuMDala, ratnakuNDala, karaNAbharaNa Adi / mahApurANa ke anusAra kuNDala kapola taka laTakate the| yaha strI-puruSa donoM dhAraNa karate the / avataMsa - yaha maNinirmita batAyA gayA hai, jo kAnoM meM pahane jAte the| praveyaka-hemacandra ne ise gale kA AbharaNa kahA hai| hAra' --yaha gale meM pahanA jAtA thA jo vakSasthala taka laTakatA thaa| zazimayUkha deg--yaha hAra kA hI prakAra thaa| grantha meM eka prasaMga meM dhanada dvArA vAsudeva ko zazimayUkha nAmaka hAra dene kA ullekha hai| 1. triSaSTi 206 / 305 2. vahI 4 / 1 / 36 3. vahI 10 / 6 / 184 4. harSacarita : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana pUrvokta pR0 219 5. triSaSTi 6 / 8 / 178, 8 / 3 / 174 6. mahApurANa 15 / 189 "ratnakuNDalayugyena gaNDaparyantacumbinA" 7. triSaSTi 2 / 6421 8. vahI 317119 9. vahI 3 / 1269 10. vahI 8 / 3 / 174

Page #79
77 tri0 za0. ca0 meM sAMskRtika jIvana niSka'-grantha meM kaNThAhAra ke rUpa meM isakA ullekha hai| ekAvalI-amarakoza meM ekAvalI ko motiyoM kI ikaharI mAlA kahA hai| vI. esa. agravAla ke anusAra guptakAlIna zilpa kI mUrtiyoM aura citroM meM indranIla kI madhya guriyA sahita motiyoM kI ekAvalI pAyI jAtI hai| yaha ghane motiyoM ko gUMthakara banAyI jAtI thii| yazastilaka meM ujjvala motI ko madhya maNi ke rUpa meM lagAkara ekAvalI banAne kA ullekha hai|" karAbhUSaNa aMgada 5-- ise bhujAoM para bA~dhA jAtA thaa| isako strI-puruSa donoM hI bA~dhate the| keyUra--svarNa aura rajata nirmita keyUra strI-puruSa donoM hI apanI bhujAoM para dhAraNa karate the| bhujabaMdha-hAthoM meM bA~dhA jAne vAlA bhujabandha kA ullekha grantha meM kaI sthAnoM para huA hai / kar3A - yaha hAthI ke mUla meM pahanA jAtA thaa| mahApurANa meM kar3e ke lie divya kaTaka zabda kA prayoga huA hai / / aMgUThI'deg-- grantha meM aMgUThI ke lie mudrA zabda vyavahRta hai| yaha hAtha kI aMguliyoM meM pahanA jAtA thaa| 1. triSaSTi 2 / 4 / 122 2. vahI 2 / 1 / 302 3. harSacarita : eka sAMskRtika adhyayana pUrvokta pR0 102 4. yazastilaka pUrvokta pR0 288 5. trizaSTi 2 / 6 / 107 6. vahI 216 / 21, 216 / 426 7. vahI 1 / 6 / 724-730 8. vahI 1 / 6724-730, 2 / 2 / 136 9. mahApurANa 29 / 167 10. triSaSTi 1 / 6 / 724-730

Page #80
= kaTi AbhUSaNa mekhalA ' - yaha kaTi meM dhAraNa kiyA jAne vAlA AbhUSaNa thA / 2 kaTisUtra - ise strI-puruSa donoM kaTi meM dhAraNa karate the / zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 3 rasanA - yaha bhI kamara meM dhAraNa karane vAlA AbhUSaNa thA / amarakoza meM mekhalA aura rasanA paryAyavAcI artha meM prayukta haiM / inako striyA~ kaTi meM dhAraNa karatI thIM / * 5 pAdAbhUSaNa : nupUra - striyA~ pairoM meM ise dhAraNa karatI thIM / jhAMjhara - yaha bhI pairoM meM pahanA jAne vAlA AbhUSaNa thA / pAdakaTaka " -bharata dvArA pahane jAne vAle AbhUSaNoM meM pAdakaTaka kA ullekha huA hai / prasAdhana - hemacandra ne adhItavya grantha meM prasAdhana sAmagrI tathA usakI prakriyA donoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai / grantha meM strI aura puruSa donoM ko prasAdhana meM saMlagna citrita kiyA gayA hai / isakA ullekha nimnavat hai / prasAdhana sAmagrI evaM usakA upayoga snAna evaM usase sambandhita sAmagrI- - grantha ke varNana prasaMgoM se jJAta hotA hai ki prasAdhana meM snAna kA atyadhika mahatva thA / tIrthaM - karoM ke paMcakalyANakoM evaM vivAha Adi avasaroM para snAna kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai / snAna karane ke pUrva sugandhita tela evaM ubaTana Adi se aMga mAliza kiye jAne kA varNana prApya hai / snAno 1. triSaSTi 1 2 / 821-22 2 . vahI 2|4|122 3. vahI 2 / 6 / 21 4. strIkaTyAM mekhalA kAzvI saptakI razanA tathA -- amarakoza, 3 / 6 / 108 5. triSaSTi 2 2 458 6. vahI 1 / 2 / 822-23 7. vahI 1 / 6 / 729-30

Page #81
'tri0 za. ca0 meM sAMskRtika jIvana parAMta sugaMdhita gerue aMgoche se zarIra poche jAne kA ullekha hai| usake bAda rezamI vastra pahanane kA ullekha hai|' aMgarAga-snAnoparAMta sugaMdhita aMgarAga ke lepa kA ullekha milatA hai| tilaka-strI aura puruSa donoM hI lalATa para tilaka lagAte the| puruSa lalATa para candana, zekhara, gorocana Adi kA tilaka lagAte the| striyA~ saubhAgyasUcaka lAla raMga kI bindI evaM sindUra lagAtI thiiN| - kAjala (anjana)-A~khoM ko sajAne meM kAjala kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| patraracanA-grantha meM grIvAoM, bhujAoM ke agrabhAgoM, stanoM va gAloM para patra racanA kA ullekha hai| tAmbUla-saMbhavataH isakA prayoga strI-puruSa dvArA oSTha lAla karane va mukha ko sugandhita banAne meM kiyA jAtA thaa|' alaktaka-yaha oSTha para lagAne vAlA rasa thaa| kanakavatI ne ise apane oSTha para lagAyA thaa| ise pairoM meM bhI lagAyA jAtA thA kyoMki sunandA evaM sumaMgalA ne ise pairoM meM lagAyA thaa|' keza-vinyAsa-Alocya grantha meM keza ko susajjita karane kA ullekha hai| yaha jJAta hotA hai ki snAnoparAMta keza ko divya dhUpa se sukhAyA jAtA thaa| taduparAMta sugandhita tela Adi dvArA kezoM ko 1. triSaSTi 2 / 2 / 438, 23 / 198, 112 / 798, 2 / 1 / 200, 4 / 7 / 327, 1 / 5 / 389-390 2. vahI 14.31, 3 / 6 / 100, 2161692, 689 3. vahI 1145 4. vahI 12 / 811 5. vahI 2 / 6 / 439 6. vahI 3 / 6 / 99, 4 / 2 / 19 7. vahI 8 / 3 / 196 8. vahI 1 / 6 / 467, 1 / 2 / 807-8

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 sa~vAra kara bA~dhA jAtA thA / pIche golAkAra meM baMdhI huyI kezaveNiyA~ khile hue puSpoM kI mAlAoM se gU~thakara bAMdhI jAtI thI / " kAlidAsa ne raghuvaMza meM dhUpa se sugandhita keza ko 'dhUpavAsa' aura dhUpita keza ko 'AzyAna' : varNita kiyA hai / keza ko sugandhita karane kI vidhi ke lie meghadUta meM 'keza-saMskAra' zabda prayukta huA hai / " 80 puSpa prasAdhana - saundarya abhivRddhi ke lie anya prasAdhanoM ke sAtha hI puSpoM kA bhI prAcIna kAla meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai / vividha prakAra ke puSpoM evaM unake pallavoM se nirmita AbhUSaNoM kA pracalana hemacandra ne bhI yatra tatra kiyA hai aura kaI sthaloM para to granthakAra ne ratnanirmita AbhUSaNoM kI tulanA puSpa nirmita AbhUSaNoM se kI hai / vivAha Adi avasaroM para puSpamAlA banAye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai / keza ko sajAne meM bhI puSpoM kA ullekha AyA hai / vasantotsava ke prasaMga meM kaI prakAra ke puSpoM kI mAlAyeM, AbhUSaNa Adi banAne kA ullekha hemacandra ne kiyA hai / 5 manovinoda - prAcIna kAla se bhAratIya samAja meM manovinoda kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai / prArambha meM nRtya, saMgIta aura malla yuddha Adi manovinoda ke rUpa meM pracalita hue / kAlAntara meM udyAna-yAtrA, jalakrIr3A, nATaka, kathA, kahAnI Adi, mRgayA, kanduka krIr3A, indrajAla, dyUta krIr3A Adi kA vikAsa huaa| DaoN0 rAmajI upAdhyAya ke anusAra ina sabhI manovinoda meM nATakoM ko sabhya samAja meM sarvaprathama sthAna diyA gayA hai / 6 jaina purANakAroM ne bhI manovinoda ke vividha prakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai lekina usakI sAtvikatA para bala dete hue AvazyakatA se 1. triSaSTi 1111803-805, 812 2. raghuvaMza kAlidAsa, saM0 eca0 DI0 velaNakara, bambaI 1948 pR0 16/50 vahI 17 / 22 3. 4. meghadUta, caukhambA saMskRta sirIja vArANasI 1940 pR0 1 / 32 5. triSaSTi 1 / 2 / 89, 1 / 2 / 985-1016 6. DaoN0 rAmajI upAdhyAya : bhArata kI prAcIna saMskRti, pR0 109

Page #83
tri. za0 ca0 meM sAMskRtika jIvana 81 adhika manovinoda meM lipta honA varjita batAyA hai|' hemacandra ne bhI Alocya grantha meM manovinoda viSayaka vividha sAmagrI kA ullekha kiyA hai jisakA vivecana nimnavat hai nATaka -hemacandra ne aneka sthaloM para nATaka kA ullekha kiyA hai| grantha ke eka prasaMga meM rAjA bharata dvArA nATaka dekhane kA ullekha hai / anya prasaMgoM meM bhI bahuvidha nATakoM kA ullekha hai / / saMgIta --hemacandra ne saMgIta sthala ke lie 'vilAsamaNDapa' kA ullekha kiyA hai| saMgIta kalA ke antargata vividha prakAra ke vAdyaveNu, vINA, mRdaMga, praNava Adi tathA vividha bhAva-bhaMgimAoM se yukta nRtya kA ullekha hai| grantha meM vividha avasaroM para Ayojita nRtya saMgIta kA ullekha milatA hai| eka avasara para Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva dvArA nRtya saMgIta dekhane sunane kA varNana hai| eka anya sthala para mahArAjA bharata dvArA vilAsamaNDapa meM saMgIta kA Ananda lene kA prasaMga milatA hai| grantha meM RSabhadeva ke vivAha ke uparAnta lagnotsava se AnaMdita indra ko indrANiyoM sahita nRtya meM saMlagna darzAyA gayA hai / ___ gIta-gIta kA Ayojana putra janmotsava, vivAhotsava Adi avasaroM para hotA thaa| grantha meM tIrthaMkaroM ke janmotsava para dikkumAriyoM dvArA mAMgalika gIta gAye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| vivAha ke avasara para maMgala gIta ke sAtha hI parihAsa vAle gIta gAye jAne kA prasaMga milatA hai| grantha meM madhura aura maMgalamaya gAyanoM ke sAtha vividha srotoM se jinezvara kI stuti kiyA jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| krIr3A udyAna krIr3A-grantha meM varNita prasaMgoM se jJAta hotA hai ki nagara 1. mahApurANa 3676 2. triSaSTi 1661706-707, 4-4-8, 2 / 3 / 31 3. vahI 3 / 1173, 2 / 6 / 241, 2 / 2 / 449, 116710, 2 / 6 / 241 4. vahI 1 / 2 / 853-54, 1 / 2 / 871 2 / 2 / 447, .

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zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 ke samIpa manohArI upavana hote the jahA~ vasanta Rtu ke Agamana para rAja parivAra evaM nagaravAsiyoM dvArA vividha krIr3AoM dvArA AnaMdotsava manAyA jAtA thaa| vividha prakAra ke puSpoM se AcchAdita ina upavanoM meM kucha loga puSpa gRhoM meM baiThakara Anandita hote the, kucha loga unmatta bhauroM kI AvAja se Anandita hote the, kucha strI-puruSa jhUlA jhUlate the, kucha striyA~ azoka aura bakula ke per3oM se AliMga baddha hokara apane mukha kA Asava pilAtI thIM, kucha striyAM puSpacayana karatI thIM, kucha puruSa puSpacayana kara apanI premikA ke lie puSpamAlA aura anya AbhUSaNa taiyAra karate the| kucha strI-puruSa phUloM ko geMda kI taraha eka dUsare para pheMkate the| isa taraha rAjA evaM rAjaparivAra tathA nagaravAsI bhinna-bhinna krIr3AoM meM saMlagna hokara Anandita hote the|' jalakrIr3A-hemacandra ne upavana ke samIpa hI krIr3AvApI kA ullekha kiyA hai jahA~ rAjapuruSa apane strI varga ke sAtha jala krIr3A karate the| Alocya grantha rAjapuruSoM se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa rAjapuruSoM kI hI jala krIr3A kA varNana upalabdha hai| grantha meM rAjA bharata kA sundariyoM ke sAtha jala krIr3A kA varNana milatA hai| isa jala krIr3A meM rAjA bharata ke zarIra para sundariyoM dvArA jala siMcana kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jaina purANoM meM bhI jala krIr3A ke antargata preyasiyoM ko khIMcakara pakar3anA, unakA zArIrika sparza karanA, picakArI se unake mukha ko sugandhita jala se siMcita karanA evaM jala meM AbhUSaNa kA DhUMDhanA Adi nirdiSTa hai| yuddha krIr3A-isake antargata bhaiMsoM kA yuddha tathA mallayuddha nirdiSTa hai| grantha ke varNana prasaMgoM meM devatAoM dvArA bar3e bhaiMsoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kara paraspara lar3ane kA ullekha hai aura isake atirikta unake dvArA pahalavAnoM kA rUpa dhAraNa kara apanI bhujAoM ko ThoMkate hue eka dUsare ko akhAr3e meM utarane ke lie lalakArane kA ullekha hai| 1. triSaSTi 1 / 2, 985-1016 2. vahI 166 / 698-700 3. mahApurANa 8 / 22-28; padmapurANa 8190-100

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tri0 za0 ca0 meM sAMskRtika jIvana niHsandeha yaha yuddhakrIr3A tatkAlIna manovinoda kA sAdhana rahI hogI kyoMki grantha meM devatAoM dvArA pradarzita ukta krIr3AoM dvArA RSabhadeva ke Anandita hone kA ullekha hai|' dyUta krIr3A-- hemacandra ne rAjAoM ko cUta krIr3A meM saMlagna dikhAyA hai / yaha usa samaya manoraJjanArtha khelA jAtA thaa| Rgveda meM bhI isa krIr3A kA ullekha hai / mahAbhArata meM isI krIr3A ke phalasvarUpa pANDavoM ko nirvAsita jIvana vyatIta karanA pdd'aa| manu ne bhI dyUtakrIr3A ko rAjA ke lie niSiddha karma kahA hai / kAmasUtra meM dyUta phalaka kA ullekha hai / 6 nizIthacUrNI meM dyUta ke khilAr3iyoM ko dyUtakAra kahA gayA hai| mAnasollAsa meM isa krIr3A kA vistRta varNana prApya hai| ataH yaha jJAta hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla se hI dyUta krIr3A kA pracalana thA, jo hemacandra ke kAla meM vidyamAna thA / indrajAla-prAcIna kAla se hI logoM ke manoraMjanArtha alaukika siddhiyoM dvArA indrajAla kA pracalana thaa| vaidika sAhitya meM zabdazakti. vijJAna aura hastakauzala se alaukika aura camatkArapUrNa kArya karane kA ullekha hai| hemacandra ne bhI indrajAla ke jAnakAra aindrajAlikoM kA ullekha aneka prasaMgoM meM kiyA hai| 1. triSaSTi 1 / 2 / 660-682 2. vahI 12178-79 3. Rgveda 10134 / 8 kRSNadAsa akAdamI vArANasI 1983 4. mahAbhArata : sabhAparva, saM0 bI0 esa0 sukathaMkara, bhANDArakara orieNTala risarca iMsTIcyUTa pUnA 1927-33 5. manusmRti 9 / 21 caukhambA saMskRta sirIja vArANasI 1979 6. zivazekhara mizra : somezvara kRta mAnasollAsa eka sAMskRtika adhyayana vArANasI 1966 uddhRta pR0 497 / 98 7. nizIthacUNi 3, pR0 527, 380, 2, pR0 262 8. somezvarakRta mAnasollAsa pUrvokta 5 / 13 / 701 9. triSaSTi 2 / 6 / 366-374

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.84 zramaNa, apraila-jUna 1992 zizuoM se sambandhita manovinoda-prAcIna kAla se hI zizuoM ke manovinoda sambandhI sAmagrI kI sUcanA milatI hai| utkhanana meM prApta khilaune zizuoM kI vinodapriyatA ke sUcaka haiN| hemacandra ne bhI adhItavya grantha meM kanduka krIr3A evaM khilaunoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ye zizuoM ke manovinoda ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM ullita kie gae haiN| 1. triSaSTi 1 / 2 / 671-73 2. vahI 1 / 2 / 1031

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STATEMENT ABOUT OWNERSHIP & OTHER PARTICULAR OF THE PAPER SHRAMANA 1. Place of Publication : Pujya Sohanlal Smarak Parshvanath Shodhpith I. T. I. Road, Varanasi--5 2. Periodicity of Publication : First week of English calendar month. 3. Printer's Name, Nationality : Dr. Sagar Mal Jain and Address Indian Divine Printers B. 13/44, Sonarpura, Varanasi 4. Publisher's Name, ; Dr. Sagar Mal Jain Nationality and Address Indian Pujya Sohanlal Smarak Parshvanath Shodhpith I. T. I. Road, Varanasi-5 5. Editor's Name, Nationality and Address Same 6. Names and Address of : Shri Sohanlal Smarak individuals who own the Parshvanath Shodhpith Paper and Partners or Guru Bazar, Amritsar share-holders holding more (Registered under Act XXI than one per cent of the as 1860). total capital. I, Dr. Sagar Mal Jain hereby declare that the particular given above are true to the best of the knowledge and believe. Dated 1-4.1992 Signature of the Publishers S/d Dr. Sagar Mal Jain

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3719-CTH 8888 zramaNa foto sto gato 33 977:8888 transform plastic ideas into beautiful shape NUCHEM MOULDS & DIES Our high-precision moulds and dies are designed to give your moulded product clean flawless lines. Fully tested to give instant production the moulds are made of special alloy steel, hard.chrome-plated for a better finish. Write to Get in touch with us for information on compression, injection or transfer moulds Send a drawing of a sample of your design !! required we can undertake jobs right from the designite stage. n PLASTICS LTD. Engineering Division 20/6. Mathura Road. Fandabad (Haryana Edited and Published by Prof. Sagar Mal Jain, Director, Pujya Sohanlal Smarak Parshvanath Shodhpeeth, Varanasi-221005 Printed by Divine Printers, Sonarpura, Varanasi-221001