Pathik 1998 Vol 38 Ank 01 02

Author(s): Nagjibhai K Bhatti and Other
Publisher: Mansingji Barad Smarak Trust
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535445/1

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pathika (itihAsa-purAtattvanuM eka mAtra gujarAtI mAsika) Adya taMtrI sva. mAnasaMgajI bAraDa taMtrI maMDaLa DaoN. nAgajIbhAI bhaTTI, DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata, pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa varSa : 38muM aMka : 1-2 vi.saM.2054 kArataka sana 1997 okaTo.-navembara 37 mo dIpotsavAMka buddhipratimA, kaccha saMgrahAlaya, bhUja pathika kAryAlaya, C/o bho.je vidyAbhavana, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380 CO For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra GUJARAT TOURISM www.kobatirth.org ahIM tahevAromAM tAjagInA taraMga ane meLAomAM jhUlato u Mma ka vo 1 1 cAra 1nI ja na meM jayAM mana na vana ra dharma pachI paNa cIka kArobAra sAthe nuM kAra norA DAnsa phepharavA na na sAmA oN sarjana taMtra vahAla mAM te sara thAka uDAva gujarAta - ahIM mATI noMkhI ahIM mAnavI ya nokhA. tyAre ja to ahI aneka vaividhyasabhara tahevAro ujavAya tathA bhAtabhAtanA meLAo bharAya jagatamAM sauthI alabelo mulaka kahevAnuM sahejeya mana thAya tevI A garavI, matavAlI jagyA, kalA, vAraso, 525, moja, AnaMda, lAgaNIonA asAta khAravAdanI A janmabhUmi. nA to jUja zabdomAM tenI jhalaka mAtra che. hele hiloLe caDhatI hakIkta jANavA to tamAre jAte ja ahIM AvavuM paDe... kharuMne ! dha mAhitI karka ka * Turijhama korporezana oNpha gujarAta limiTeDa phona 122145, na ko 23251222 5 amadavAda | - 55 51----1/31 murkha kona 24 ka * : virATa (InTaranezanala kArTa phesTivala gujarAya manI pheDane megI pataMga ne pI javAno avasara ane utarANa varSa mATe nAma pradhAna deva mA zveta punA bukamAM vadhArekhama kArya ja ke A parve zrI mA samaje che Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir aai vA. 1 2522 dhanajhara *S+ # * vAyana, yovana 12, 6'S T " For Private and Personal Use Only gujatI 14 vara}} be

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TrasTI-maMDaLa Do. ke. kA. zAstrI, DaoN. cinubhAI nAyaka, DaoN. nAgajIbhAI bhaTTI, DaoN. bhAratIbahena zelata, pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa sUcanA pathika pratyeka aMgrejI mahinAnI 15mI pathika 1 5 divasamAM aMka na maLe to sthAnika posTa ophisamAM likhita phariyAda karavI ane nakala amane varSa 38muM kArataka saM. 2054 oNkTobara-navembara 1997 aMka 12 mokalavI, pathika sarvopayogI vicArabhAvanA ane jJAnanuM mAsika che. jIvanane UrdhvagAmI banAvatAM abhyAsapUrNa anukrama ane ziSTa maulika lakhANone svIkAravAmAM Ave che. saMpAdakIya prasiddha thaI gayelI kRtine pharI itihAsa ane purAtattvanA abhyAsI prasiddha karavA mATe na mokalavAnI DaoN. cInubhAI nAyaka sva. maNibhAI vorA lekhakoe kALajI rAkhavI. 2 | | kRti sArA akSare zAhIthI ane Adhya aitihAsika dhoLAvIrA zrI hasamukha vyAsa 3 ! kAgaLanI eka ja bAjue lakhelI hovI joIe. kRtimAM koI anya kacchamAM bauddha saMskRtinA avazeSo DaoN. kAntilAla paramAra 9 | bhASAnAM avataraNa mUkyAM hoya to eno gujarAtI tarajUmo Apavo kacchamAM siMdhu saMskRtinuM nagara zrI jayaMtIgiri gosvAmI 15 | jarUrI che. kutimAMnA vicAronI javAbadArI kacchanA abhilekho aitihAsika pariprekSyamAM Do. bhAratI zelata 20 : lekhakanI raheze. aMdhaunI kSatrapa vasAhata ane kaccha myujhiyamanA pathikamAM prasiddha thatI kRtionA kSatrapa zilAlekho - zrI nareza aMtANI ra9 vicAro-abhiprAya sAthe taMtrI sahamata che ema na samajavuM. sArvabhaumatvanA pariprekSyamAM kacchanA asvIkRta kRti pAchI meLavavA zAsakonA khitAbo Do. IzvaralAla ojhA 33 | jarUrI TikiTo AvI haze to tarata parata karAze. kaccha ke rAva prAgamalajI 2 kI korI | namUnAnA aMkanI nakala mATe pa-00 nI TikiTo mokalavI. kacchanA briTizakAlIna sikkAo zrI je. esa. caudharI 46 | | ma.o.DATa-patro mATe lakho : kacchanI viziSTatAo zrI prANagiri gosvAmI pada pathika kAryAlaya Cho, bho. je. vidyAbhavana, kacchanI miyANA jAti - sAMskRtika abhyAsa pro. ema. je. paramAra 60 | Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-3800 e sthaLe mokalo. pathika kAryAlaya vatI prakAzita : pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa, (Co. bho. je. vidyAbhavana, eca. ke pelejanA kempasamAM, Azrama roDa, -dAvAda-9 mudraka : kriSnA grAphikrA, 966, nAraNapurA jUnA gAma, amadAvAda-380013 : phAna : 348 39 3 For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMpAdakIya AjhAdInA 50mA varSanI ujavaNI karIe chIe tyAre pathika enI sADatrIsa varSanI yAtrA pUrNa karI A mAsathI ADatrIsamA varSamAM praveza kare che. A prakAranAM gujarAtI sAmAyikomAM mAsika tarIke ItihAsa, purAtattva, lokasaMskRti ane lokakalA kSetre ATalI dIrgha samayamaryAdAnuM A prathama mAsika che, jeno AnaMda vyakta karIe chIe ane A mATe sau lekhaka mitrono RNasvIkAra karIe chIe. A dIpotsavI aMka kacchanA AghaaitihAsika yuganA prAcInatama sthAna dhoLAvIrA nagarane viSayavastu karIne prasiddha karI rahyA chIe, jemAM kacchaviSayaka anya lekhono paNa samAveza karavAmAM Avyo che. amArA vidvAna ItihAsavido ane purAvastuvidonI sahAyathI A aMka prasiddha karI rahyA chIe tyAre emano jeTalo AbhAra mAnIe teTalo ocho che. amArA AjIvana sahAyaka ane vArSika grAhakoe je hUMpha batAvI che temaja ejanToe amane je sAtha Apyo che tathA jAhera khabara ApavAmAM je svajanono sahakAra maLyo che te sarveno TrasTI-maMDaLa vatI ane taMtrI-maMDaLa vatI AbhAra vyakta karavAno saMtoSa laIe chIe. amArA pathikanA sau vAcakone ame abhinaMdana sAthe navA varSanuM sarva prakAre maMgala icchIe chIe ane prArthanA karIe chIe ke.. sarvetra sukhinaH santu sarve santu nirAmayAH / sarve bhadrANi pazyantu mA kazcid duHkhamApnuyAt // pro. subhASa brahmabhaTTa (saMpAdaka) For Private and Personal Use Only

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sanniSTha zikSaka, itihAsa ane purAtattvanA abhyAsI sva.zrI maNibhAI vorA vidyArthIpriya sanniSTha zikSaka, itihAsa ane purAtattvanA abhyAsI zrI maNibhAI vorAnuM 91 varSanI vaye tA. 5mI oNkaTobaranA roja porabaMdara mukAme dehAvasAna thayuM. teo porabaMdaranI itihAsa ane sAMskRtika pravRttionA hArdarUpa hatA. temaNe purAtattva saMzodhana maMDaLa, porabaMdaranI sthApanA karI hatI ane madhusUdana DhAMkI, narottama palANa, mohanapurI ityAdi mitrone mArgadarzana ApI itihAsa-purAtattvano raMga lagADyo hato. temaNe ghUmalI, jeThavAono rAjavaMza, kSatrapAlanA avazeSo, prAga-caulukya samayanAM maMdirono UMDo abhyAsa karyo hato. temano janma I.sa. 1905 mAM 23, jAnyuArInA roja thayo hato. mAdhyamika ane ucca zikSaNa paNa porabaMdaramAM lIdhuM ane itihAsa viSayamAM bI.e.nI DigrI laIne porabaMdaramAM ja zikSaka tarIke joDAyA. itihAsa sAthe saMkaLAyela purAtattva, samAjazAstra, dharma ane darzanavidyAno paNa temaNe abhyAsa karyo hato. saurASTranI saMtaparaMparA vize temanI pAse aDhaLaka mAhitI hatI. teo saurASTranI lokasaMskRti ane lokakalAnA paNa cAhaka hatA. gujarAta itihAsa pariSada sAthe teo saMkaLAyelA hatA. temaNe gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA pramukha tarIke 1980-81 ane 1981-82nAM be varSa mATe sevAo ApI hatI ane surata mukAme yojAyelA agiyAramAM adhivezanamAM 'mAnava sabhyatA, itihAsa ane ApaNe' vize mAnanIya vyAkhyAna ApyuM hatuM. temaNe kahyuM hatuM :'itihAsanuM kSetra vizALa che. pRthvIne itihAsa che. pRthvI paranI sarva pravRttine itihAsa che. mAnavanA janmathI tenA saMsAra paryaMta temaja jIvAtanA udbhavathI aMta sudhInI badhI bAbato je mAnavI jue che te badhI itihAsanA kSetramAM Ave che. itihAsano kAco mAla banI zake che." temaNe A prasaMge ema paNa jaNAvyuM ke "mANasane potAno bhUtakALa game che. bhUtakALane vAgoLavAmAM ene majA paDe che. emAMthI e abhimAna saMtoSa mArgadarzana prApta kare che. potAnA bhavya bhUtakALane oLakhatI prajA vartamAnane vyavasthita rAkhI zake ane UjaLA bhaviSyanI AzA rAkhI zake. itihAsa lakhAto gayo, pustako vistaraNa pAmyAM ane itihAsa amuka samUhano na rahetAM AkhI prajAno banyo, pRthvI paranA mAnavakuLano banyo." temaNe porabaMdarano sarvagrAhI khyAla Ave evI pustikA lakhI che jenI traNa AvRttio thaI che. A pustikAmAM temaNe porabaMdaranAM bhUgoLa, itihAsa, purAtattva, sthApatyakalA ane saMskRtino sarvagrAhI paricaya karAvyo che. temanA dehAvasAnathI porabaMdare potAno guru gumAvyo che. parama kRpALu paramezvara temanA AtmAne cirazAMti arpe. For Private and Personal Use Only - DaoN. cInubhAI nAyaka

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AghaaitihAsika dhoLAvIrA (khaDIra-kaccha) zrI hasamukhabhAI vyAsa I.sa. 1861mAM ArkiyolaoNjikala sarve oNpha inDiyA(e.esa.AI)nI sthApanA thaI ane tenA prathama pramukha adhikArI (ArkiyolaoNjikala sarveyara) tarIke kaniMghama nimAyA tyArathI tatkAlIna aMgreja sarakAre prathama vAra dezanAM prAcIna avazeSo ane smAraka-imAratonI jALavaNInI javAbadArI potAnA para lIdhI. kaniMdhame prAcIna cInI pravAsIo phAhiyAna ane hyu-ena-sAMganAM pravAsa - ahevAlonA AdhAre prathama uttara bhAratavarSanAM ane tyAra bAda 1885 sudhImAM pUrva bhArata varSanAM prAcIna smArakone prakAzamAM ANyAM. tyAra pachI 1902mAM e.e.AI.nA DAyarekaTara-janarala tarIke jaoNna mArzala ahIM AvyA ane emaNe prathama vAra bauddha sthaLonAM utkhanana karyAM. tyArathI akhaMDa bhAratavarSano itihAsa bauddhayuga sAthe arthAt I.pU. 6ThThI sadIthI zarU thato hovAnuM manAvA lAgyuM, arthAt buddha pUrve bhAratavarSano itihAsa na hovAnuM manAtuM, paNa 1920 daramyAna banela eka ghaTanAe A mAnyatAne samULagI pheravI nAkhI ane tenAthI bhAratavarSa 'pAMca hajAra varSano sAMskRtika itihAsa dharAvato deza hovAnuM siddha thayuM. 1920 daramyAna tatkAlIna lAhora-karAMcI vacce nakhAtI navI rela-lAIna mATe upayogamAM levA jAna ane viliyama nAmanA be aMgreja bhAIo tyAMthI je dhULa ne roDAM ekaThAM karAvAtAM hatAM temAMthI vibhinna purAvazeSo paNa prApta thatA hatA. AmAMthI maLatI mudrAothI AkarSAI prAthamika sthaLatapAsa thatAM e sthaLa - moheM-jo-daDo - pAMca hajAra varSa prAcIna hovAnuM jAhera thayuM ! tyAra bAda A temaja AvAM sthaLonuM vistRta khodakAma thatAM eka suyojita nagararacanAvALI saMskRti prakAzamAM AvI, jene tadvidoe moheM-jo-daDo ke 'siMdhu saMskRti' (zodhAyelAM moTA bhAganAM sthaLo siMdhu nadInA kAMThe AvelAM hoI) evA nAmathI oLakhAI, je adyApi cAlu che. hamaNAM tene 'sarasvatI saMskRti' tarIke paNa oLakhAvavAnI zarUAta thaI che. 1947mAM bhArata-pAka vibhAjana sAthe deza svataMtra thatAM moTA bhAganAM e sthaLo pAkistAnamAM jatAM rahetAM bhAratamAM (svataMtra bhAratamAM) AvAM sthaLonI zodha zarU karAI ne emAM javalaMta saphaLatA paNa sAMpaDI. paMjAba-hariyANA rAjasthAnathI cheka dakSiNamAM tApI-narmadAnI khINamAM temaja kaccha-saurASTramAM seMkaDo haDappIya sthaLonI bhALa pALela che ane haju maLatI rahe che. (lekhake khuda AvAM 20 jeTalAM TIMbAonI bhALa meLavI che - rAjakoTa jillAmAM) AmAM dhoLakA tAlukAmAM lothala jevI vyavasthita nagara-varAhatano paNa samAveza dhAya che. prastuta lekhanA viSayanuM sthaLa kacchamAM Avela hoI prathama A saMskRti kaI rIte pravezI e TUMkamAM joIe. siMdhanI doi jamIna-mArge kacchanuM raNa Avela che, to jaLamArge siMdhanA makarANanA kinArAthI kacchanA akhAtamAM thaI kacchamAM pravezI zakAya che. siMdhathI dakSiNamAM kacchanA moTA raNamAM thaIne kacchamAM haDappIya loko dAkhala thayAnuM prasiddha purAvida zrI vAya.ema.cItabavAlA mAne che. siMdhathI AvatAM haDappIya loko pahelAM khaDIramAM AvI vasyAnuM paNa ukta vidvAnanuM maMtavya che. tyAra bAda pAbumaTha ane dakSiNe sUrakoTaDAnI vasAhata (seTalamenTa) sthApI hovI joIe. nAnA raNane oLaMgatAM pahelAM A lokoe zikArapura gAma pAse paNa evI vasAhata sthApela. vizvaprasiddha purAtattvAcArya sva. DaoN. hasamukha sAMkaLiyA paNa siMdhusaMskRtinA loko mukhyatve mIna-mArge siMdhamAMthI kacchamAM pravezyA hovAno mata dharAve che. saMbhava che ke thoDA loko dariyAI mArge paNa AvyA hoya. pathika - dIpotsavAMka-1997 * 3 For Private and Personal Use Only

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I.sa. 1947 pachIthI bhAratamAM siMdhu-saMskRtinAM sthaLo-paDAvonI zodhanA AraMbhAyela (ane haju zarU rahela) abhiyAnanA anusaMdhAne adyApi kacchamAMthI lagabhaga 70 (sittera) jeTalAM nAnAM-moTAM haDappIya sthaLonI bhALa maLI che. AmAM 10-15 mITarano vistAra dharAvatAM nAnakaDA TIMbAthI laI prastuta lekhanA lagabhaga be ki.mI.no vistAra dharAvatA dhoLAvIrA jevA mahAnagarano samAveza thAya che. AgaLa noMdhyuM tema kacchamAM lagabhaga 70 jeTalAM haDappIya sthaLonI bhALa maLI hovA chatAM dezaLapara-gUMtaLI sUrakoTaDA pAbumaTha zikArapura ane dhoLAvIrAnuM ja utkhanana thayela che. have dhoLAvIrAnI vasAhata vize vigatavAra joIe. sthAna ane mALa : bhUjathI lagabhaga 240 ki.mI. dUra bhacAu tAlukAnA-moTA raNanA khaDIra beTanA dhoLAvIrA gAmathI lagabhaga be ki.mI dUra Avela haDappIya saMskRtinuM ja nahi, vizvanuM sauthI moTuM vyavasthita ane prAcIna nagara hovAnuM gaurava dharAvatAM koTaDA TIMbAnI bhALa to cheka I.sa. 1967mAM maLelI ! prastuta TIMbAnI bhALa meLavavAnuM-ApavAnuM sau prathama zreya sthAnika lokagAyaka zrI zaMbhudAna gaDhavIne jAya che. duSkALanA rAhatakAma daramyAna kutUhala khAtara ahIMthI sthaLa-sapATI parathI prApta vibhinna purAvazeSo ekaThA karelA AmAM eka haDappIya mudrA paNa hatI. tyAra bAda bhUja myujhiyamane ane patrone rUbarU saMparka dvArA jAte mAhitI pUrI pADI. A bhALa-mAhitInI tapAsa AgaLa vadhatAM cheka dilhI pahoMcI ne tyAMthI '67mAM zrI jagatpati jozIe rUbarU AvI sthaLatapAsa karatAM prastuta TIMbo sindhusaMskRtinI vizALa vasAhata hovAno cokkasa abhiprAya Apyo, paraMtu tyAra pachI varSo sudhI vAta tyAMnI tyAM rahI ne cheka 1990 jAnyuArIthI daza varSanA Ayojana mujaba kendrIya purAtattva khAtAnA niyAmaka zrI ravIndrasiMha esa. bistanA mArgadarzaka nIce aneka purAvido ane seMkaDo majUro dvArA utkhanana zarU thayela. A kArya '93 sudhI vyavasthita cAlyA bAda koI kAraNasara sthagita * thayela ne have punaH zarU thavAnA samAcAra che. AgaLa noMdhyuM tema hAla pAkistAnasthita sindhusaMskRtinA moheMjo-daDo nagara karatAM paNa A nagara vizALa ane vyavasthita hovAnuM tadvidonuM anumAna che, kemake moheM-jodaDo lagabhaga 80 (eMzI) hekaTaranA kSetramAM phelAyala che hatuM, jyAre dhoLAvIra 100 (so) hekaTaramAM phelAyala che. ahIMthI keTalIka evI viziSTa bAbato prApta thaI che, je moheM-jo-daDomAMthI ya maLela nathI e AgaLa vigate joIzuM. dhoLAvIrA' nAma kaiMka ajaba lAge che ! teno zAbdika artha A pramANe thAya cheH = dhoLA dhavala, sapheda vIrA = kUvo lagabhaga 100 hekaTaramAM phelAyala-patharAyela A nagaranA 1990-'93nA vyApaka utkhanana dvArA je tathyo bahAra AvyAM che tenA AdhAre AgaLa vadhatAM pahelAM eka mahattvanI bAbata noMdhavI rahI : A utkhanananA pramukha nirdezaka zrI ravIndrasiMha biste julAI-1990 mAM paeNrisamAM yojAyela eka AMtararASTriya saMmelanamAM dhoLAvIrAnA utkhanana aMgeno pri-sarve eka saMzodhanapatra vAMcela emAM temaNe ahIM chupAyela - daTAyela (tyAre haju utkhanana zarU thayuM nahatuM) nagaranI eka parikalpanA prastuta karela. tyAra bAda utkhananamAM nagaranuM Ayojana lagabhaga hUbahU maLyu ! pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 4 For Private and Personal Use Only

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nagararacanA ane saMracanA : lagabhaga 12 (bAra) mITara UMcI dIvAlovALI killebaMdhI dharAvatA A nagaranI racanA sivuM - saMskRtinAM anya nagaronI jevI ja che, arthAt traNa vibhAgamAM vaheMcAyela che : 1. rAjadarabAra ke pramukha zAsanAdhikArInuM raheThANa (siTeDala) 2. anya adhikArIonA AvAsa (apara TAuna) 3. sAmAnya nagarajanonA AvAsa (loara TAuna) killA-mahela temaja nagaranI mukhya dIvAlone aneka vAra karAyela bITumana (sapheda gulAbI caLakatA cUnA)no raMga Aje paNa camake che ! nagaranI killebaMdhInI majabUta surakSAvyavasthA che. bahAranI killebaMdhI traNa dIvAlonI banAvela che. A dIvAlo mATI, paththara ne iMTomAMthI banAvela che. 90nA khUNe te vaLe che. aMdaranI ke bahAranI dIvAla jyAM paNa vaLe che tyAM dIvAlonI nIce Damaru jevA AdhArastaMbho rakhAyela che. A eka mahattvanI upalabdhi che. pahelAM e khaMDita maLelA tyAre evuM anumAna karavAmAM Avela che ke te khetI upayogI koI upakaraNa cakkInA TukaDA haze, paNa mULa sthitimAM ne akhaMDita avasthAmAM maLI AvatAM te zuM che teno have spaSTa khyAla maLe che. rAjamahela : lagabhaga 770 mITara pUrva-pazcica ane 616 mITara uttara-dakSiNa laMbAI-pahoLAI dharAvato A rAjamahela (siTeDala) killAnA madhyabhAgamAM UMcANavALI jagyAe Avela che. A nagaranA zAsaka ke pramukha sthAnika zAsanAdhikArInuM raheThANa manAya che. te khUba ja majabUta killAthI surakSita che. tene cAra pramukha daravAjA che. paththaranA staMbhomAM uttama kotaraNI che, je anyatra jovA maLatI nathI. A mahelanI saMracanA kaiMka aMze yuropIya mahelo jevI hovAnuM zrI bista mAne che. ahIMnI pratyeka dIvAlanuM nijI dvAra che ke je kendramAM joI zakAya che. mahelamAM pANInuM TAMkuM ane temAM pAsenA vaheLAmAM pANI laI AvavA mATenuM bhUgarbha nALuM paNa che, eTaluM ja nahi, A nALAmAM vaheLAmAMthI AvatA pANIno kacaro ane retI nIce-taLiye besI jaI hojamAM cokhkhuM pANI Ave tevI gALaNapaddhati(AjanA philTara plAna jevI)nI paNa vyavasthA che. ahIM eka svimiMga hoja ane bAjumAM eka vizALa (ramatagamata mATenuM?)medAna paNa che. A mahelamAM rAjaya ke nagarano zAsaka ke pramukha zAsanAdhikArI parivAra sAthe raheto hoya e prakAranI tamAma vyavasthA joI zakAya che. mahelanI dakSiNe killebaMdhIvALA oraDAMonI cAra paMkti jovA maLe che. saMbhavataH temAM mahelanA sevako rahetA haze. upaluM nagara : | mukhya mahelathI thoDe dUra madhya nagara ke upaluM nagara (apara TAuna) AveluM che, jemAM nagaranA dhanikovepArIo ane anya adhikArIo rahetA haze. AmAM bethI pAMca oraDAvALAM paththaranAM nAnAM makAno che, A madhyanagarane paNa majabUta rakSaNAtmaka dIvAla che ane cotarapha khullI jagyA che. AnI uttara bAjunI rakSaNAtmaka dIvAla mukhya mahela sudhI laMbAyela che. A nagaramAM suvyavasthita galIonI vyavasthA jovA maLatI na hoI saMbhavataH naSTa thaI gayelI hovI joIe. surakSAnI daSTie killAnI dIvAlamAM thoDe thoDe aMtare bUrA banAvAyela che. lagabhaga 300 mITaranA vistAramAM A vibhAga phelAyela che. tenA uttarI tema ja pazcimI bhAge thoDI khullI (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 5 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jagyA che. killebaMdhInA uttara-pazcima khUNe aMdaranI bAjumAM uttaranI dIvAla sAthe saMlagna eka jIrNa-zIrNa sthAna maLela che. vaccenI khullI jagyAmAM paNa dvArathI saMlagna AvI ja eka imArata maLI che, jemAM rakSaka - kakSa (oraDI), sIDI, AgaLanI jagyAe jatI galI ane kUvo paNa che. nIcaluM nagara : nagarano A trIjo bhAga te nIcaluM naga2 (loara TAuna). ahIM nagarano kArIgara ke zramika varga vasato haze. A vibhAganAM makAnonI iMTo hAtha-banAvaTanI aNaghaDa ne saphAIvihIna che. ahIMthI mATInAM je vAsaNo maLyAM che te lAla ke gulAbI raMganAM ane moTA bhAganAM hAthabanAvaTanAM che. pahelAM tene hAthathI ghaDI-pakavI pachI citrita karela che. ahIM dhareNAM banAvavAnI dukAnonI hAra maLI hoI A kArIgaronuM vasati sthAna hovAnuM siddha thAya che. A rIte traNe prakAranI vasAhata tenA rahenAranA mobhA pramANe banela che, je moheM-jo-daDo karatAM paNa vizALa ane vyavasthita che. kATakhUNe corasa-laMbacorasaM AkAra dharAvatI A vasAhatonA be khUNAo vacce kyAMya cha aMzathI vadhu taphAvata jovA maLato nathI je tatkAlIna ijanerI kalAnuM adbhuta kauzala gaNAya che. A vasAhata-nagaranI mahattvanI vizeSatA enI jaLa-saMgrahana yojanAne gaNI zakAya. AnA AdhAre tyAre paNa AjanI jema (kacchamAM) pIvAnA - mIThA pANInI kheMca hovAnuM mAnI zakAya. killAnI madhyamAM mAnavasarjita eka jaLAzaya maLI Avela che. pANIne jarA paNa vyartha na javA devAya e rItanI enI banAvaTa che, eTaluM ja nahi, nIkamAM bharAtAmAM kAMpa-kacarAne gALavA - nitAravAnI temaja vaheNane avarodhe nahi tevI paNa sundara vyavasthA che, to makAnonI galIo ane gaTaranI racanA paNa e rItanI che ke A badhAMnuM varasAdI pANI vyartha na jatAM vahetuM vahetuM chevaTe jaLAzaya sudhI pahoMce. hA, sindhusaMskRtinAM anya nagaronI jema ahIMthI paNa haju sudhI koI maMdira ke koI dharmasthAnanA avazeSa - purAvA sAMpaDyA nathI. utkhanana daramyAna prApta purAvA : A nagara vepAra-vANijya ne hastaudyoganuM eka moTuM kendra hovAnuM jaNAya che. tAMbu-kAMsu paththara zaMkha ane akIkamAMthI ahIM vibhinna vastuo maLatI ne dariyAI mArge (khAsa to tatkAlIna haDappIya sthaLoe) nikAsa paNa thatI. paththaramAM bhaLelAM tAMbAne chUTuM pADavAnI bhaThThI, hathiyAra banAvavAnAM upakaraNo, aneka prakAranAM mATInAM lAla-gulAbI raMganAM puSkaLa mAtrAmAM vAsaNo, zaMkha temaja anya dhAtunI baMgaDIo, vibhinna prakAranAM motI-maNakA, vIMTIo, sonAnAM AbhUSaNo, pakava mATInA dAMtiyA va. purAvazeSo paNa maLI AvyAM che. chIpanI eka evI goLAkAra riMga maLI che, jenA upara-nIcenA bhAgamAM cha-cha ema kula 12 (bAra) UbhA kApA che. dvido Ane bhAratIya paMcAganI bAra rAzionAM pratIka ke eka prakArano kaMpAsa hovAnuM mAne che. A badhA purAvazeSonI prApti - upalabdhine Ama lokonAM sukha-samRddhinuM pratIka gaNI zakAya. ahIM eka mahattvanI bAbata noMdhavI rahI ke ahIMthI anyatra haDappIya saMskRtivALAM sthaLoethI maLatAM vibhinna prakAranAM pakava mATInAM (pazu-mAnavI va.nAM) ramakaDAM-TerAkoTA haju sudhI maLyAM nathI ! A nagaranA utkhanana daramyAna keTalIka mahattvanI upalabdhio paNa thaI che, je A pramANe che : haDappIya lakhANa-akSara : rAjamahelanA killAnA mukhya daravAjA pAsethI eka vizALa pATiyuM (borDa) maLI Avela che, jenA upara haDappIya 10 (daza) : keTalAka nava kahe che : akSaro lUgadI jevA padArtha vaDe cipakAvIne maNakAothI lagAvela che. A akSaronI pAsethI evAM nizAna maLyAM che, jenAthI lAkaDAnAM TukaDAo para khodI tene pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 * 6 For Private and Personal Use Only

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paththara, khanija ke koi pesTa vaDe banAvela hoya tema lAge. dareka akSara lagabhaga 36 X 25 se.mI.no che. saMbhavataH A koI sUktivAkya rahyuM hoya. alabatta, jyAMsudhI Ane pUrepUrA ukelI vAMcI na zakAya tyAM, sudhI tenA (artha vize) kaMI cokkasa kahI zakAya nahi. hA, eTaluM avazya kahI zakAya ke vizvamAM siMdhu - saMskRtinA koI paNa sthaLethI A prakAranA eka paNa akSara maLela na hoI A lakhANane viziSTa ane khUba ja mahattvanI upalabdhi gaNI zakAya. AzA rAkhIe ke Ane jaldIthI (je najIkanA bhaviSyamAM zakya lAgatuM nathI !) ukelavAmAM Ave. zakya che ke A pALiyAmAM tatkAlIna nagaranuM nAma aMkita hoya ! polizDa pilara Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir AvI ja eka bIjI viziSTa prApti (finds) te polizDa pilara. mukhya mahelanA svimiMga pula pAsethI eka poliza karela paththarano staMbha (pilara) maLela che. atyAra sudhI evuM manAtuM hatuM ke A (polIza karavAnI) kaLA grIka saMskRtinI deNa che ane ApaNe tenI pAsethI te zIkhyA paraMtu ahIMthI prApta A poliza karelo paththarano staMbha e siddha kare che ke grIka saMskRti pUrve paNa ahIM loko e kaLA jANatAM hatAM. aMta ke vinAza : to, anya eka mahattvanI upalabdhi te zrI biste zodhI kADhela haDappIya mAnavanA pagalAnI saMpUrNa nizAnI (phUTa - prinTa). barastAna : nagara bahAra kabrastAna maLI Avela che. sAmAnya rIte siMdhusaMskRtimAM uttara-dakSiNa kabaro hatI (ke hoya che), paraMtu ahIMthI A uparAMta pUrva-pazcima ane izAna-naiRtyavALI kabaro paNa maLI Avela che. saMbhavataH te mizra vastInuM pariNAma-pratIka hoya. A kabaromAMthI anyatra maLatAM hADakAM ane anya kaMI vAsaNa baMgaDI ityAdi vastuo maLela nathI. kadAca zabane agnidAha ApyA pachI vadhelA avazeSo (AjanI bAbatamAM asthi ke phUla) daphanAvavAmAM AvatAM hoya. chelle eka mahattvano savAla : -AvI vizALa ne samRddha vasAhatano aMta-vinAza kaI rIte thayo haze ? ahIM lagabhaga 600 varSa (2500 I.pU. - 1000 I.pU.) sudhI haDappIya vasavATa rahyAnuM anumAna che. A pachIthI teno aMta thavA pAmyo. siMdhusaMskRtinAM tamAma nagaronA aMtanuM chevaTanuM kAraNa jema haju eka rahasya (misTarI) ja rahela che tema ahIM paNa gaNI zakAya. Ama chatAM A sthaLanA pramukha utkhanana adhikArI zrI biste A aMge je thoDI paNa mahattvanI vAta karI che te noMdhIe : " dhoLAvIrAmAM dezanI je sauthI moTI vasAhata maLI AvI che tyAM rahetA loko tathA anyatra jyAM jyAM haDappIya loko vasatA hatA tyAM temano vepAradhaMdho e samayanA pazcimanA dazo mesopoTemiyA, irAna, madhyaeziyA temaja akhAtI pradezomAM hato. tyAM koI pracaMDa rAjakIya Uthala-pAthala thatAM, tenI sAmenA ahIMnA vepAra-dhaMdhAnAM saMbaMdho kapAI jatAM, haDappIya lokonA rAjagAra-udyoga ekAeka paDI bhAMgatAM teo pachIthI tyArabAda tyAMthI sthaLAMtara karI gayA haze ane vasAhato ema ja khAlI paDI rahI haze." bIjuM kAraNa ApatAM teo jaNAve che ke "kAM to e samayanA havAmAnamAM acAnaka pheraphAra thatAM mAnavajAtano vinAza thavA pAmyo hoya." dhoLAvIrAnA aMta vize teo vizeSamAM jaNAve che ke "haDappIya yuga daramyAna eka tabakke dharatIkaMpa agara to evI ja bIjI koI kudaratI AphatathI A nagarane bhAre nukasAna thayuM hovuM joIe. Ano purAvo nagaranI bIjI haroLamAM pharIthI UbhI karAyelI majabUta dIvAlo .. pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 7 For Private and Personal Use Only

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parathI sAMpaDe che." ("TAImsa oNpha inDiyA' - gujarAtI AvRtti tA 17-2-1991.) koI rAjakIya ke prAkRtika kAraNasara nagare tenI jAhojalAlI-samRddhi gumAvI dIdhI hoya ane enA kAraNe ucca varga tyAMthI sthaLAMtara karI gayo hoya, paNa pAchaLa nimna varga (kArIgara-majUra va.) rahyo hoya e zakya che, kAraNa ke nagaranA chevADe AjanI jhUMpaDapaTTI jevAM makAno maLI AvyAM che. samayAMkana : dhoLAvIrAno samaya prApta purAvazeSonI tulanA pramANe atyAre I.pU. 2500 thI I.pU. 1900 daramyAna nakkI karavAmAM Avela che. alabatta, ahIMthI A samaya pUrvenI saMskRti ke je haDappIya nathI tenA purAvAo paNa maLI AvyA che. te, I.pU. 2500-1900 I.pU.nI mecyora haDappIyana saMskRti pachInI I.pU. 1500 daramyAnanI leiTa haDappIya saMskRtinA purAvAo paNa sAMpaDyA che. AgaLa noMdhyuM tema A nagaramAM lagabhaga 600 varSano haDappIya vasavATa nizcita manAya che. sArAMza : kacchanuM AjanuM havAmAna - paryAvaraNa - vAtAvaraNa ne utpanana A temaja kacchanA anyatra TIMbAomAMthI prApta purAvazeSonA AdhAre joIe to e samayanA paryAvaraNa ItyAdi vacce khAsa kaMI taphAvata hoya ema lAgatuM nathI. dhoLAvIrAmAMthI prApta jaLasaMgrahanA avazeSone kacchanI AjanI pANInI sthitino pramukha ghotaka purAvo gaNI zakAya. tatkAlIna haDappIya yuganA anya keTalAka aMzo Aje paNa kacchanAM samAja - jIvana ane saMskRtimAM jaLavAI rahelA joI zakAya che. I.sa. 1947 pachInA svataMtra bhAratanuM moheM-jo-daDo gaNI zakAya tevA A nagaranuM vyApaka ne vistRta utpanana temaja tajJo dvArA teno abhyAsa thaze (jene varSo nIkaLI javAnI pUrI saMbhAvanA che, tyAre ja tenI vizALatA bhavyatA ne mahattAno sAco khyAla Avaze. atyAre to basa ATaluM ja. astu. The. AcArya, jAmakaMDoraNA hAIskUla, Adarza skUla pAse, dhorAjI - 360410 saMdarbha 1. ghoSa amalAnaMda, bhAratIya purAtattvavidyA' (anu. 2. pozela jI. 'haDappana sivilAIjhezana' (saM.). 3. DaoN. sAMkaLiyA eca. DI. "akhaMDa bhAratamAM saMskRtino uSa:kALa'. 4. DaoN. sAMkaLiyA eca. DI. "siMdhu saMskRti' (paricayapustikA). 5. cItaLavAlA vAya. ema. "gujarAtamAM sidhughATInI sabhyatA'. 6. zAstrI ke. kA. "asAMjo kaccha'. 7. "sindhasaMskRti' "pathikano' vizeSAMka, Dise. '81. 8. "pathika' dIpotsavAMka, okaTo.-nave. '82. 9. "gujarAta' sAptAhikano 'purAtattvasamRdi vizeSAMka' tA. 5-8-90. 10. "kaccha tArI asmitA' "kacchamitra' vizeSa prakAzana : I.sa. 1996. 11. DaoN. vasA pulina, "kacchanI sindhasaMskRti' (paricayapustikA pR.56). 12. "kacchake dhoLAvIrAmeM mile haDappana sabhyatAke avazeSa' zrI bisTa sAthe bheTavArtA - nIlama kulazreSTha "saritA' - jUna-1991. 13. TAimsa opha inDiyA' - gujarAtI AvRtti, tA. 17-2-1991. pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 8) For Private and Personal Use Only

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kacchamAM bauddha saMskRtinA avazeSo DaoN. kAntilAla chaganalAla paramAre eka samaye bauddha paMtha sArAya hiMdamAM pravartamAna hato. kaccha pradezamAM te viziSTa rIte jIvaMta hato. kacchamAM haju paNa bauddha saMskRtinA avazeSo maLI Ave che. kSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAnA varSa bAvananA nirdezavALA cAra zilAleLo kaccha pacchamanA AMdhau gAmethI maLI AvyA hatA. atyAre te bhUjanA myujhimamAM saMgrahAyelA che te I.sa. 130nI AsapAsanA che. AMdhaunA A cAreya zilAlekho laSTi eTale ke samagra staMbha (pALiyA) tarIke UbhA karavAmAM AvelA. temanI be STi khAsa ApaNuM dhyAna dore che. eka STi sIharmita (siMhamitra)nI putra zrAmaNerI yazadatA(yazodattA)nA smaraNa arthe UbhI karavAmAM AvI che. bIjI laSTi eka bauddha bhikSu zrAmaNera preSTadattanA pUrvabhavanA putra RSabhadevanA smaraNa arthe UbhI karavAmAM AvI che. A baMne laSTiomAM zrAmaNerI ane zrAmaNera ullekha bauddha hovAnuM jaNAya che. yuanazvAMga 20mI jUna 641 ne divase lagabhaga kaccha tarapha AvyAnuM noMdhAyuM che. eNe kacchanA raNa pradeza sahitanA pa000 lI (lagabhaga 1340 kilo mITara) vistArano vistRta ullekha karelo che. te A pradeza siMdhane tAbe hovAnuM ane emAM 80 uparAMta saMghArAma AvelA hovAnuM ane temAM pa00 thIya vadhAre bhikSuo rahetA hovAnuM temaja teo hinayAnanA sammitiya nikAyane anusaratA hovAnuM kahe che. vadhumAM te kahe che, bhagavAna buddhe ahIM upadeza Apyo hovAnI kahevAtI jagyAoe azoke 6 stUpa baMdhAvelA, kaniMkehAma jene koTizvara gaNAve che te A pradeza ! DaoN. hariprasAda zAstrI kaniMghahAmanA A sUcanane saMbhavita gaNe che.' DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukharajI tene hAlanuM karAMcI (pAkistAna) gaNAve che.pa kacchanA cheka pazcima kAMThe - pAkistAnanI taddana najIka ane karAMcInI barobara sAme 'korI nALa'nA nAkA upara AveluM hiMdanuM evu ekamAtra baMdara koTezvara viziSTa bhaugolika sthAna dharAve che e ghaNAnA khyAla bahAra haze. Aje AvuM mahattvanuM sthAna dharAvatuM e sthAna lokomAM eka purANokta dhAma gaNAya che. yuana- zvAMga tenI pravAsanoMdhamAM 'korI nALane kAMThe' AvelA koTezvara baMdarano ullekha kare che. te 'siMdhunA mukha pAse mahArNavane kaMThe, Azare 8 ki.mI.nA gherAvAmAM AveluM 'kahI A baMdaranuM kAit-za-kUyala' evuM cInImAM aprabhaMza pAmeluM nAma Ape che ane temAM 5000 bauddha bikSuonA 80 vihAra hovAnuM kahe che. rAmasiMhajI rAThoDe temanA 'kacchanuM saMskRtidarzana' graMthamAM samudra vacce nIlakaMTha mahodavanuM maMdira tenI paDathAranI bhIMtano navo caNelo bhAga paDI jatAM dekhAyelo cautyAkAra gokha paMDadhAranI eka paDakhenI bhIMtamAM makaramukhanA suzobhana nIce caityAkAra gokhamAM mukhAkRtivALuM zivaliMga (caitya) evA ati prAcIna avazeSo hovA saMbhave che ema kahyuM che. I.sa. 1914mAM bhUjamAM myujhiyamamAM buddhanI eka dhAtumUrti hovAno ullekha paNa maLe che. (juo A aMkanA mukha pRSTha paranI tasavIra) zaila utkIrNa guphAo kacchamAM prAga-maitrakAlIna sthApatyakIya smAraka avazeSa hayAta rahyA nathI ema pahelAM manAtuM hatuM. paraMtu I.sa. 1969mAM adhyA.(DaoN.) kezavarAma kA. zAsrIe kacchanA lakhapata tAlukAnA jUnA pATagaDha nagaranI pUrva-dakSiNe pathika dvIpotsavAMka-1997 0 9 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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e kaTezvara mahAdeva tathA kaTezvarI mAtAnA maMdirothI pazcima bAjunA pahADamAM isunI prAyaH trIjI zatAbdInA samayanI zaiSa-utkIrNa guphAo zodhI kADhatAM e mAnyatA khoTI karI. A guphAonA 2.5 mITara gherAvAmAM babbe khaMDa, tenA staMbha ane osarI ullekhanIya che. bahAravaTiyA khAparA-koDiyAnI nAma sAthe saMkaLAyelI A guphAonI saMkhyA ochAmAM ochI traNa to haze ja tevuM anumAna teo kare che. tenuM varNana karatAM teo kahe che ke emAMthI pUrva bAjunI osarI ghATanI guphAno e pazcima bAjunI guphA AgaLano osarI jevo bhAga saMpUrNa naSTa thaI gayelAM che, tenA avaziSTa bhAgomAM aMdAje 2.4 x 2.4 mITara mApano bhamatIyukta khaMDa, enA pravezadvAra uparanuM have aspaSTa bhAtavALuM kotarakAma, aMdAje 3 X 2.4 mITara mApavALAM bIjo khaMDa, 5 X 2.5 mITaranI paDasALa, emAM AvelA aMdAje 60 se.mI. gherAvAvALA be staMbha Adi ullekhanIya che. kacchamAM bauddho patharAyelA hatA te kALamAM kotarAyelI manAtI A guphAonAM uparyukta baMne staMbho ane zirobhAganI hAMsa bauddha staMbhonA dhATanI hovAthI e bauddha guphAo hovAnuM teo mAne che. A bauddha hoya to guphA vihAra ja haze. siyota (kaTezvara) atre je avazeSonI vAta karI che te kaccha jillAnA lakhapata tAlukAnA siyota gAma najIka Avela kaTekSa najIkanI guphAomAMthI maLI AvyA che. kaTezvara madhyakAlIna vAdhama cAvaDAonI kacchanI rAjadhAnI pATagaDhanA vistAramAM samAviSTa hatuM. kacchazvara parathI kaTezvara kahevAtuM hoya te ahIM saMbhavita che. siyotanI A bauddha guphAo atyaMta manoramya sthaLa dariyAnI samIpe jUnA pATagaDhanA prAcIna avazeSonI najIka ja che temaja prAcIna zaila-maMdira kaTezvarathI kacchamAM pravezatA prAcIna mArga para AvelI che. lakhapata tAlukAnA gujarAta rAjaya rakSita smArakamAM te Ave che. gujarAtamAM khUba ja agatyanA bauddha avazeSo mahArAja sayAjIrAva vizvavidyAlayanA purAtattva ane prAcIna itihAsa vibhAgane sAbarakAMThAnA bhiloDA tAlukAmAM Avela prakhyAta zAmaLAjI pAse Avela devanI morInA bhojarAjAnA TIMbAnA sane 1959 thI 1963nA ukhananamAMthI prApta thayA che. A utpanana gujarAtanA purAvida sva. pro. DaoN. ramaNalAla nA. mahetA ane temanA sAthI purAvida prA. DaoN. sUryakAnta na. caudharIe kareluM. ahIMthI eka suMdara mahAtUpa buddhanA zarIrAvazeSa sAthenA paththaranA dAbaDAnA aitihAsika purAvA sAthe maLyo che. temAMthI buddhanI suMdara mUrtio, suzobhana kamAno, takatIo vagere maLyAM. bAjumAM ja mahAvihAra ane bIjA nAnA vihAranA avazeSa paNa maLI AvyA. gujarAtamAMnA bauddha avazeSomAMnI A eka ati durlabha prApti che." evI ja rIte siyotamAMthI maLelA bauddha avazeSo paNa khUba ja aitihAsika mahattvanA che. ahIMnI eka ja moTI ane sAta nAnI guphAonuM utpanana gujarAta sarakAranI purAtattvIya salAhakAra samitinA sabhya nivRta pro. (DaoN.) sUryakAnta na. caudharInA mArgadarzana heThaLa kaccha vartuLa, bhUjanA te samayanA adhikSaka purAtattvavida zrI jayaprakAza da. trivedIe sapTembara 1988mAM zarUAta karIne eprila 1989nA prathama aThavADiyAmAM pUruM karyuM. A starabaddha ukhkhananamAM khUba ja moTA pramANamAM bauddha avazeSo maLI AvyA che. A avazeSo guphAo mAMhenA caityagRha, pradakSiNApatha tathA bhaMDArakakSamAMthI maLI AvyA che. temAM sUryanA tApamAM pakavela mATInI takatIo (Tablets), mATInI mUrtio, sikkA ane anya vastuono samAveza thAya che. mATInI takatIo (sealings) utnananane pariNAme asaMkhya kAcI mATInI (Terracota) takatIo Azare 15 se.mI. thI 20 se.mI. kaMdanI maLI AvI che. tenA para buddha, sUpa ane brAhmI lipinA akSaro vagerenAM mudrAMkana che. bhagavAna buddhanI - pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 10) For Private and Personal Use Only

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AkRti ati suMdara, manohara, sapramANa ane suspaSTa aMkita che. temAM buddha padmAsana upara prasanna citte bhUmisparza mudrAmAM beThelA dekhAya che. temanI DAbI ane jamaNI bAjumAM stUpo, tenA para chatrayaSTi ane te upara UDatI dhvajApatAkA spaSTa dekhAya che. uparanA zirobhAge alaga prakAranA stUpanI pratikRti jaNAya che. tenI baMne taraphathI pIpaLAnA pAnanI DALIo velanI jema kalAtmaka rIte cheka nIcenI tarapha laMbAya che, baMne bAjunA stUpo ane zirobhAganA stUpanI AkRtiono taphAvata noMdhapAtra che. buddhane mAthe vAMkaDiyA vALa ane te para uSNISano AkAra che. netra ardhabIDelAM che. caherA para saumya karuNArdra smita vilasI rahyuM che. saMghATI DAbe khabhe oDhelI ane jamaNo khabho ughADo che. ughADA chAtInA bhAge DITaDI spaSTa dekhAya che. aMtaravastranA kaTibaMdhane kAraNe te bhAga suMdara rIte UpasI Avyo che. vasathI ardha DhaMkAyelA paga paranI vallIo spaSTa jaNAya che. paganI pAnIo ughADI che. buddha svastha TaTAra beThA che. jamaNo hAtha laMbAIne DhIMcaNa sahAre rahIne tenAM AMgaLA bhUmine sparze che. DAbo hAtha palAMThInA khoLAmAM catto hatheLI sAthe rAkhyo che, teno aMgUTho-AMgaLAM spaSTa dekhAya che. padmAsananI pIThikAnI u52 khIlelI kamaLa pAMdaDIo babbenI upara nIce sapramANa goThavAIne aMkita che, jethI corasa racAIne suMdara AkRti sarje che. buddha sahitanI A ati suMdaratama dRzya racanAne tevA ja suMdaratama kalAtmaka gokhamAM sthApita karIne maDhI lIdhI che ! padmAsananI pIThikA nIcenA bhAgamAM vaccovacca kaMIka stUpa AkAranuM che ane tenI AsapAsa lakhANavALI traNathI- cAra lITIo hoya tevuM vartAya che. AkhIya takatI pIpaLAnA pAnanA AkAramAM DhALelI che, jeno aNiyALo cheDo uparanI tarapha rAkhyo che. AvI mATInI kAcI takatI(mudrA)mAM spaSTapaNe uparyuMkta vigato upasAvavAmAM AvI che kalA adbhuta che. vaLI sadIo sudhI (lagabhaga 1000 varSa) A takatIo A avasthAmAM A ja paryata jaLavAI rahI che te bAbata ja Azcaryajanaka che. eka takatImAM 'bhAgavata' (bhAgavata) spaSTa vAMcI zakAya che.'OM bIjI takatImAM vaccovacca moTA stUpanI pratikRti ane baMne tarapha bIjA nAnA stUpa che. nIcenA bhAgamAM lakhANanI cAra lITIo che. takatIM khavAI gaI che. purAtattva khAtAnA vaMcANa mujaba A bauddhonI lokapriya 'pratitI samutpAda'nI vikhyAta gAthA che, jemAM sAriputtanA praznanA uttaramAM buddhanA ziSya asajie (azvajite) tene tathAgatanA matano sAra saMkSepamAM jaNAvyo che te che : ye dharmA hetuprabhavA hetu ra-teSAM tathAgato hyavadat / teSAM ca yo nirodha evaMvAdI mahAzramaNaH // arthAt 'hetunA prabhAvavALA je dharmo ttattvo) che teno hetu tathAgate kahyo che ane eno je nirodha che (te paNa kahyo che) : mahAzramaNano vAda A pramANe che.' A gAthA aMkita aneka takatIo ahIMthI samaya samaye pravartamAna lipimAM eTale ke maitrakakAlathI zarU karIne gujarAtanA solaMkI rAjAonA prAraMbhakAla arthAt : lagabhaga pAMcamI zadIthI dasamI sadI sudhInA lipimaroDomAM maLI AvI che.' bulara luNAvADAnI tenI tArIkha 24-21872nI noMdhamAM tene valabhImAMthI A gAthAvALA nAnAM mATInAM tAvIja (A Small circular seal of clay - probably amulets worn by most Buddhists( 9mI -10 mI sadInA lipi maronA akSaromAM maLI AvyAnuM jaNAve che. AvAM tAvIja bauddho paheratA hovAnuM tathA valabhI tathA kanherImAMthI paNa te puSkaLa pramANamAM maLI AvatAM hovAnuM te jaNAve che." A uparyuMkta gAthAnI lokapriyatA ane te 10mI sadI sudhI pracalita hovAnI bAbatane samarthana Ape che. bIjI takatIomAM bhagavAna buddhane vividha hastamuddAo, jevI ke dharmapravartana ane abhayamAM paNa darzAvyA pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 11 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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che. eka viziSTa mudrAmAM temane 'samabhaMga' sthitimAM ubhelA darzAvyA che. 19 dareka takatImAM buddha bhUmisparza mudrAmAM ja hoI ahIM 'akSobhya' buddhanI pUjA pracalita haze tevuM anumAna karavAmAM AvyuM che.' paraMtu te aMgenA paryApta purAvA prApta thayA nathI. 18 sthApatyakIya avazeSa ahIM maLI AvelI ATha guphAo uparAMta eka vizALa sabhAkhaMDanA avazeSa paNa maLI AvyA che, jeno upayoga dhArmika vArtAlApa mATe thato haze. chellA tabakkAmAM purAvastuvidone eka moTA bhaMDAra jevA bAMdhakAmanA avazeSa paNa maLI AvyA che. 19 sikkA ahIMthI gadhAI uparAMta maitrakakAla, solaMkIkAla ane 16mI sadInA prAcIna sikkA paNa maLI AvyA che. AmAM gadhAI ane maitrakakAlanA sikkA moTA pramANamAM maLyA che. sikkAonA prAthamika abhyAsamAM gadhaiyA zailIno eka sikko lagabhaga 9mI sadIno jaNAyo che.20 anya vastuo A utkhananamAM surAhI AkAranuM eka suMdara citrAMkanathI suzobhita, saMbhavataH cInathI AyAta kareluM pAtra maLyuM che. uparAMta gaLAmAM kotarelI ghUgharamALa sahitanAM pakavelI mATImAM nAnAM ramakaDAM, khaMDita dIvo, mudrA jaDita kAMsAnI vITIM paNa maLI AvyAM che. karAMcI sAthe saMbaMdha 22 karAMcI yunivarsiTIe tyAMnA dariyAkinAre karelA utkhananamAM paNa AvA ja bauddha avazeSo maLI AvyAnA samAcAra che. DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukharajIe bhArata varSamAM bauddha pathano vikAsa harSavardhananA samayamAM kevo hato tenuM vAstavika citra doryuM che. temAM karAMcImAM sammitiya nikAyanA pa000 bhikSuo vasatA hovAnuM kahe che. koTezvara ane karAMcI (pAkistAna) bhaugolika rIte dariyAkinAre Amane-sAmane che ane vacamAM phakata dariyo ja che. chelle I.sa. 1819mAM je moTo dharatIkaMpa A vistAramAM thayo tene lIdhe kacchanA pazcima bhAgamAM, lakhapata uparanA pradezamAM lagabhaga 1555 corasa kilomITara jamInano vistAra UMco-nIco thaI gayo; A UMcANa 'allAhabaMdha'nA nAme oLakhAya che. allAha-baMdhanI A racanAthI siMdhu nadInA eka mukhanuM chevaTanuM AvatuM pANI paNa kaccha tarapha vahetuM sadAne mATe baMdha paDI gayuM ane lakhapata taraphathI eka vakhatanI phaLadrupa jamIna raNavistAramAM umerAI gaI.23 A jotAM evuM bane ke eka kALe karAMcI ane siyotanI A bauddha vasAhato eka ja hoya ane bauddho dariyA vATe avarajavara ane pravAsa karatA hoya ! purAtattvavidonuM evuM mAnavuM che ke pazcimanA dariyAkinAre Avela A sthaLa saMskRtisamRddha ane ati vastivALuM hatuM ane teno vinAza vAraMvAranA dharatIkaMpone kAraNe thayelA bhaugolika ane kudaratI evA anekavidha pheraphArone kAraNe thayo hoya. temanA mata pramANe bauddha dharmanA prasAra mATenuM pazcima bhArata varSanuM A agatyanuM kendra haze, jyAMthI te dakSiNamAM prasaryo haze.24 A bAbate haju A pradezamAM bauddha saMskRti tenA chevaTanA tabakkAmAM 500 varSothIya vadhu samaya sudhI avirata phAlIphUlI ane samRddha thaI haze, tyAra bAda kudaratI Aphato ane mAnavIonI AkramANakA2I hiMsaka gatividhie teno 10mI sadInA aMte nAza karyo hoya. prastuta avazeSo eTaluM darzAve che ja ke kacchamAM 10mI sadImAM bauddha dharma pravartamAna hato tathA bahAranI duniyA sAthe teno jIvaMta saMparka hato. prAcIna stUpa - avazeSonI saMbhAvanA pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 12 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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siyotanI guphAomAMthI moTA pramANamAM bhagavAna buddha sAthe stUpa tathA phakata stUpa ane tenI nIce lakhANa aMkita upasAvela zilpa (Scripture in reliet) takatIo pracura mAtrAmAM maLI AvI che. 5 bauddha tIrthomAM tenA sthAnika mukhya sUpa ke caityagRha thA maMdiranI AvI pratikRti darzAvatI takatIo darzAnArthIone prasAdarUpe bheTa ApavAnI praNAlI hatI AthI AvI takatIo bodhimaya ane paradezamAM thAIlenDamAMthI paNa maLI AvI che. devanI morInA utnanananAM mahAtRpamAMthI AvI takatI maLI AvI che, jenA AdhAre !o. (DaoN.) 2.nA.mahetAe e sUpa kevo hato tenI vAstavika kalpanA karelI. uparyukta hakIkata jotAM A sthaLethI paNa prAcI stUpanA avazeSo maLI AvavAnI saghaLI saMbhAvanA che. A lekhake 1989nA varSamAM A guphAonA sthaLanI rUbarU mulAkAta purAtattvavida zrI jayaprakAza trivedI sAthe potAnA zodhanibaMdhanA kArya sAru lIdhelI ane tenuM sthaLanirIkSaNa kareluM. guphAonI najadIkamAM eka DhoLAvavALa Tekaro che, jyAMthI pracura mAtrAmAM prAcIna ThIkarAM tenI upalI sapATI parathI anAyAsa maLI Ave che. AvAM moTAM ThIkaro pasaMda karIne amadAvAda lAvI gujarAta vidyApIThamAM purAvastuvibhAgamAM ApatAM tenuM pRthakkaraNa karatAM te 7mI sadInI AsapAsanA hovAnuM jaNAyuM che. purAvastuvibhAganA daphataramAM paNa AnI noMdha levAmAM AvI che. AthI A avazeSo ane hakIkata lekhakanI uparyukta dhAraNAne puSTi Ape che. siyota ane tenI AsapAsanA vistAramAM haju vadhu saMzodhana ane utpanana karavAnI jarUra che. AvA prayAso A sthaLa ane kacchanA itihAsa para vadhu prakAza pADaze temAM koI zaMkA nathI. mIrapura khAsano sUpa siMdha haidrAbAda(pAkistAna)nI pUrvamAM pa0 kilomITara dUra thara-pArakara jillAmAM mIrapura-khAsa nAmanuM zahera che, tenI pUrvamAM ekAda kilomITara dUra bauddha vasAhatanAM khaMDera jovA maLe che. tyAM I.sa. 1910mAM utpanana karatAM bhavya mukhya stUpa ane vihAranA avazeSo maLI AvyA che temAMthI dhyAna-mudrAmAM buddhanI mATInI pakavelI mUrti paNa maLI che. mukhya stUpa lagabhaga I.sa. 400mAM bAMdhavAmAM Avyo che. A stUpa ane temAMthI maLela buddhamUrti tathA anya avazeSo devanI morInA sUpanA utpananamAMthI prApta thayela buddhanI mUrtio ane bIjA avazeSo jevA ja ane tenA samakAlIna che. 28 araba AkramaNa ane siMdhanA arabI kabajA pahelAM tyAM bauddha paMthano vizeSa prabhAva hato. saidhavo tyAMthI ja sthaLAMtara karI saurASTramAM vasyA te hakIkata che. kaccha ane siMdhano pahelAMno gADha saMbaMdha jotAM siyotanA ane siMdhanA bauddho najIkano saMbaMdha dharAvatA hovA joIe. A aMge paNa vizeSa saMzodhana karavAthI kacchanA te pAsA para paNa prakAza paDaze. pAdanoMdha 1-2. rAmasiMhajI rAThoDa, kacchanuM saMskRtidarzana, amadAvAda, 1990 pRSTha 268, 26, ra31. 3. (1) semyuala bIla, si-yu-ki, buddhisTa rekarDjha oNva dha vesTarna, varlDa. dilhI, 1969, vaoN. 2, pRSTha 276. (2) thomasa vaoNTarsa, ona yuAna svAMjha TrAvelsa ina inDiyA, dilhI, 1973, vaoN.3, pR. 256, 2pa7. 4. hariprasAda gaM. zAstrIno lekha "pathika' amadAvAda, jUlAI-oNgasTa, 1974, pRSTha 191. 5. kanaIlAla hAlarA, buddhijhama ina inDiyA ejha DiskAiba bAya dha cAInIjha pilimsi , e.DI. 399- 689, navI dilhI 1983, pRSTha 100-101 6-7-8, rAmasiMhajI rAThoDa, ejana, anukrame pRSTha 59, 60, 61, 63, 64 ane 32. 9. ke.kA.zAstrI, kacchanA prAcIna itihAsamAM DokiyuM pathika, varSa 6, aMka 10-12, pRSTha 31-3ra. 10. mukunda rAvaLa ane mANeka varmA, "kacchamAM maLelA bauddha paMthanA avazeSo', "sAdhanA' (sAptAhika) amadAvAda pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 13] For Private and Personal Use Only

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dIpAvalI aMka, 1988, pRSTha 117. 11. Ara. ena. mahetA eNnDa esa. ena. caudharI, eskevezana eTa devanI morI, baroDA, 1966. 12. 'kacchamitra' samAcAra patra tArIkha 31-3-1989. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 13. mukunda rAvaLa, ejana, pRSTha 117 14. kacchamitra ejana 15. dha inDiyana enTikavarI, 1872 vaoN.1, dilhI, 1971, pRSTha 130 19. TAImsa opha inDiyA, ejana. 20-21. kacchamitra, ejana. 16. kacchamitra, TAImsa opha inDiyA tA. 9-4-1989, 'buddhisTa Teliksa anaardha' 17. mukunda rAvaLa, ejana, pRSTha 117 18. bI. bhaTTAcArya, dha inDiyana buddhisTa ikonogrAphI, kalakattA, 1924, pR. 32 22. kanaIlAla hAjharA, ejana, pRSTha 100-101. 23. rAmasiMhajI rAThoDa, ejana, pRSTha 3. 24. TAimsa opha inDiyA, ejana 25. kacchamitra, 'saMdeza' samAcAra patra tA 7-6-1990 'gujarAtamAM paNa bauddha dharma hato' :kacchamAM bauddha guphA maLI.: 'kacchamitra' prathama 550 ane pachI 200 ema 750 bauddha mudrAMkano maLyAnuM noMdhe che. 'saMdeza' 2000 mudrAnI chApa maLI hovAnuM noMdhe che. 26. Ara. ena. mahetA, esa. ena. caudharI, ejana pRSTha 60-61, pleTa 18-bI. 27. debala mitra, buddhisTa monyumenTsa, kalakattA, 1980, pRSTha 132-133. 28. sadAziva gorakSakara, ArTikala : " skalpacarala ekreTiviTI oNva dha gupta piriyaDa ina vesTarna inDiyA : mIrapurakhAsa, devanI morI, kanherI." "dha golDana eja : gupta ArTa-empAyara, provinsa enDa inphalyuansa" mArga pablikezansa, baoNmbe, 1991, pRSTha 8184. The. 35, zrI jagajIvanasosAyaTI, zAradAbena hospITala pAchaLa sarasapura, amadAvAda-380 018. pathika - dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 14 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kacchamAM siMdhu saMskRtinuM nagara zrI jayaMtIgiri pI. gosvAmI dhoLAvIrA : mAnavInI pragatino itihAsa eTale siMdhu nadInA taTaparano pradeza ane e pradezamAM kacchano uttarano bhAga paNa AvI jAya che. e bhAgamAM dhoLAvIrA e bhAratanuM atyAra sudhInuM ati prAcIna nagara che. ItihAsakAronAM anumAna pramANe lagabhaga sADA cArathI pAMca hajAra varSano gALo A nagaranI prAcInatAno purAvo Ape che. A nagara be TIMbAnuM khodakAma karatAM dekhAyela che. eka vAlamiyA TIMbA ane bIjA kutAsInuM khodakAma karatA atiprAcIna ane tamAma sagavaDo sAthenuM nagara AjanAM zaherothI paNa suMdara ane svaccha hatuM e sAbita thAya che ne AjanI ApaNI paryAvaraNa bAbatanI bekALajI paNa batAve che. kacchamAMthI ochAmAM ochAM papa thI 60 jagyAethI siMdhusaMskRtinAM pramANo maLyAM che, paraMtu e badhAMmAM ati prAcIna ane vyavasthita samagra nagararacanA to mAtra eka ja dhoLAvIrAne ja lekhAvI zakAya. anya jagyAethI to azmIbhUta avazeSo, maNakA ke mAtRkAo ja mAtra maLyAM che. prathama utpanana : AjathI 25 varSa pUrve jayAre pAkistAna bhAratanI hindu saMskRitino nAza karavA mATe I.sa. 1971mAM bhArata sAme yuddha jAhera karIne bombavarSA karatuM hatuM ane bhArata temaja bhArata (khAsa karIne kaccha)nI dharatIno nAza karavAnI koziza karatuM hatuM tyAre hindu saMskRtinAM mULa to bhArata(kaccha) nI dharatImAMthI bahAra AvavA lAgyAM ke je hajAro varSathI dharatImAM samAyelAM hatAM. e eTalAM UMDAM nIkaLyAM ke samagra duniyAne khabara paDI ke hindu siMdhu) saMskRti ke duniyAnI jUnAmAM jUnI saMskRti che. khaDIra e kacchano eka evo bhAga che. ke je cAre tarapha raNathI gherAyelo che, eTale enI cAre tarapha raNa che ane te raNamAM Avelo eka TApu che. A bhAganI aMdara AveluM eka gAma dhoLAvIrA che. A bhAga kacchanAM anya tamAma zahero ane bhAgothI ghaNo ja dUra Avelo che tethI tyAMnA lokone rojI roTI mATe sAmAnya khetI che ane anya koI sAdhana nathI, tethI sarakAra taraphathI lokone rojI roTI maLI rahe mATe duSkALamAM rAhatakAma calAvavAmAM Ave che. I.sa. 197071 mAM jyAre dhoLAvIrAnAM taLAva para rAhatakAma cAluM hatuM tyAre tyAM kAma para dekharekha rAkhanAra zrI zaMbhudAnabhAI gaDhavIne mATalAMnAM jUnAM citravALAM ThIkarAM maMLyAM ane eka haDappIya mudrA maLI AvI, je temane ati prAcIna lAgyA tethI teNe e jagyA para vadhu khodakAma karyuM, jayAM vadhu prAcInatA jaNAI. tyAra bAda emaNe bhUjanA purAtattvavettAone jaNa karI. e jagyAnuM I.sa. 1970 thI 1972 sudhI prathama vakhata khodakAma dilhInI purAtattva kacerI (kendra sarakAra) taraphathI thayuM, jemAM zrI jagapati jozIe prAraMbhika utpanna karyuM, paraMtu kharA arthamAM to mukhya kArya I.sa. 1990 thI 1993nAM gALAmAM thayuM. A kAma zrI bisTa ane temanA sAthIdAroe karyuM. ane tethI ja traNa bhAgamAM vaheMcAyeluM eka virATa siMdhu saMskRtinuM nagara prakAzamAM AvyuM. happIya saMskRtinI A dezabharamAM sahuthI moTI vasAhata che. (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 15): For Private and Personal Use Only

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utkhananano aMdAje vistAra : retInAM paDo nIce daTAI gayeluM A nagara lagabhaga ekathI doDha kilomITaramAM patharAyeluM che. 770 mITara pUrva-pazcima ane 616 mITara uttara-dakSiNa laMbAI-pahoLAI dharAvatA killAnI vacce traNa bhAgamAM vaseluM vizALa nagara eTaluM suvyavasthita che ke AjanA 'TAuna plAniMga'ne eka bAjue rAkhI de. A sthaLa kacchanA pATanagara bhUjathI rA52 135 kilomITara che ane rAparathI dhoLAvIrA 95 ki.mI.thAya che. pAkI saDaka che. dhoLAvIrAthI 3 ki.mI. kAco rasto che, je A nagaramAM pahoMcADe che. huM I.sa.1993nAM phebruArI mahinAmAM 'kaccha itihAsa pariSada'nA dhoLAvIrA pravAsamAM joDAyo hato ane prathama vakhata e vizALa nagarane dRSTi samakSa nihALyuM hatuM. siMdhusaMskRtinuM savAra H mAnavInI utkrAMtinI vAta karIe to sauprathama mAnava prANIe Azare 30 lAkha varSa pahelAM cAra page cAlavAnuM baMdha karIne be page cAlavAnuM zarU karyuM ema mAnavazAstrIonuM mAnavuM che. kacchamAM to mAnava vastInA paga to AjathI doDheka lAkha varSa pahelAM paDyA hoya evuM paNa mAnavuM che. AnA uparathI ema mAnI zakAya ke kaccha chellAM doDheka lAkha varSa pahelAM dariyAmAMthI saMpUrNa TApunI rIte bahAra AvyuM hoya tethI ja Aje samagra kacchanAM moTA bhAganAM sthaLomAMthI dariyAI azmIbhUta avazeSo maLe che. mANasa guphAo choDIne dhIre dhIre khetI karavA lAgyo ane teNe potAnAM makAno, jhADanI chAla ke lAkaDAM ke ghAsanI saLIomAMthI banAvavAnI zarUAta karI tyAra bAda khetInI pedAzamAM sudhAro thato gayo, anAjanuM utpAdana vadhavA lAgyuM. potAnA kuTuMba ane potAnA vasAhatIonI jarUriyAta karatAM vizeSa anAja pAkavA lAgyuM tethI anAjane jarUriyAta hoya evA lokone devAnI zarUAta thaI. Ama dhIre dhIre vepAra zarU thayo. vepArana zarU thatAM mAnavInI jIvanazailImAM parivartana AvavA lAgyuM. jarUriyAta pramANe navA navA dhaMdhAo zarU thayA. A bAbate mAnavInA jIvanamAM krAMtinAM pAyA nAkhyA ane potAnI vasAhatathI dUra sudUranA vistAromAM javA mATe ja nahi dariyA oLaMgavA jarUrI thatAM hoDI tarApA banAvavA lAgyA. jamInamArge javA mATe anya prANIo ghoDA, UMTa, baLada vagereno sahAro laI sthaLAMtaranI pravRtti zarU karI, Ama utkrAMtinA madhyamAMnI ane mAnava saMskA~tinA uSa:kALe mAnavI (atyAranI bhASAmAM) AMtararAjya ane AMtararASTriya vyavahArathI saMpatta bano. hajAro varSa pachI je saMpUrNa pragatinI zarUAta karI emAM pAkAM makAno, emAM manoraMjananI sagavaDa, potAnA vepAradhaMdhAnI sagavaDa jevI aneka sagavaDo sAthenI nagarI eTale ghoLAvIrA. A kharekhara ati prAcIna nagara racanAno namUno che. siMdhusaMskRtinAM purAvA : moheM-jo-daDo (pAkiratAna), haDappA (paMjAba) ne rAyagaDhI (hariyANA) tathA gujarAtamAM lothala ne kacchamAM dhoLAvIrA, dezalapara (guMtalI), zikArapura, pAbumaTha, nAnI rAyaNa, netrA ane navInALa vagere sthaLoethI siMdhusaMskRtinA purAvAo maLyA che. kacchamAM lagabhaga 55 thI 60 jagyAethI purAvA maLyA che, paraMtu e badhI grAmavasAhato che evuM lAge che. mAtra dhoLAvIrA ja eka nagara ke zahera hoya evuM vizALa saMkula che, jenA rAjA ke nagaranA vahIvaTadArano mahela ane tene pharate killo che. nAhavAnA hoja, pANI saMgharavAnAM TAMkAMo, pANI laI AvavA temaja nagaramAM pANI pahoMcADavAnAM nALAM ane nahero, dukAno, vyavasthita makAno, ramata-gamata ke manoraMjana mATenAM medAno, mATInA keka AkAranA TukaDAo ane e badhA pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 16 For Private and Personal Use Only

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karatAM te samayanA mAnavInA paganAM nizAna, je Aje paNa che. sAthe pAMca-sAta AkAranAM vAsaNo, baLela. mRttikA, maNakA vagere tamAma purAtattvIya purAvAo dhoLAvIrAmAMthI maLyA che. dhoLAvIrAnI nagararacanA: A zaheranI khAsa dhyAna kheMce tevI tenI killebaMdhI che. TIMbA nIcethI nIkaLela mahela che, jene siMTAvela paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. tene majabUta killAthI rakSavAmAM Avyo che. bIjo killo A mahela temaja upalA nagaranI surakSA mATe bAMdhavAmAM Avyo che. pAMca hajAra varSa pahelAM paNa A zaherane duzmanonA humalAthI rakSaNanI dRSTie sAvaceta karavAmAM Avyo hato. mahelamAM pANInuM eka moTuM TAMkuM che, jemAMthI vizALa garanALA dvArA nadInuM pANI lAvavAnI vyavasthA che. A garanALAM bhUgarbhamAM hovAthI killo baMdha hovA chatAM paNa pANIno pravAha cAlu rahe. nAhavA mATeno eka moTo hoja che. killAnI madhyamAM uparanAM vistAramAM mahelanI bAjumAM eka vizALa medAna che, jemAM manoraMjana ramatagamata ke jAhera kAryakramo mATe teno upayoga thato haze evuM lAge che. medAnanI eka tarapha mahelamAM beThelI vyaktio ane bIjI tarapha nagarajano besI zake ne kAryakramo joI zake evI beThakavyavasthA che. mahelathI thoDe dUra upaluM nagara che, jemAM vepArIo ane dhanavAna loko vasatA haze. e uparAMta bethI pAMca oraDAvALAM moTAM makAno paththaronAM banAvela che temaja khUba ja vyavasthita rIte kATakhUNe kApatA rastA che, jenA parathI lAge che ke e samayanAM lokone bhaumitika khyAla paNa hato. tyAM suMdara gaTaravyavasthA che. dareka gharamAMthI nIkaLatuM gaMduM pANI gharamAMthI bahAra bhoMkhALa jevA mATalAmAM ane tyAMthI gaTaramAM laI javAtuM, AvI suMdara vyavasthA sAthe ghareNAM, maNakA vagere banAvavAnI tema temAM kANAM pADavAnI dukAnonI hAra paNa jovA maLe che. A uparAMta nagarathI dUra ochI paisAdAra ke garIba vastI hovAnuM paNa anumAna thAya che, jene nIcaluM nagara kahe che. ahIM kAcA-pAkAM nAnAM makAno dekhAya che. ahIM paNa gaMdA pANInI vyavasthA upalA nagara jevI ja che. ' A uparAMta ahIMthI hathiyAro, maNakA, sonAnAM AbhUSaNo, haDappIya mudrAo , vajaniyAMo (tolamApanA), mAtRkA maLela che, paraMtu Azcarya sAthe kahevuM paDe che ke koI paNa deva ke devInuM maMdira ke evuM prArthanAsthaLa maLela nathI tethI siMdhu-saMskRtinAM loko dvaita athavA ziva ke parama brahmanAM upAsako hovAnuM mAnI zakAya. chIpanI eka goLa riMga (vartuLa) maLI che, jenA uparanA bhAgamAM ane nIcenA bhAgamAM ema UbhA kApA karavAmAM AvyA che, tethI vidvAno ane paMcAga athavA hokAyaMtra hovAnuM tAraNa kADhe che. A uparAMta ahIM samAdhisthAno (kabaro) uttara-dakSiNa tarapha e uparAMta pUrva-pazcima ane izAna-naitya tarapha AvelI paNa maLI che, je ahIMnI alaga alaga vastIno sUcaka khyAla Ape che, paNa A samAdhisthAnomAMthI mAnava-avazeSo ke hADakAMne badale vAsaNo nIkaLyAM che, tethI ema mAnI zakAya ke agnisaMskAra bAda rAkha dATavAnI prathA haze, paraMtu mahelamAM AvelA pANInA TAMkAnI upara (je uttara taraphanuM TAMkuM che) khodakAma daramyAna eka saMpUrNa hADapiMjara padmAsananI sthitimAM nIkaLela, je meM mArI AMkhe joyeluM che. A hADapiMjara pAse kamaMDala temaja sAdhuo pAse hoya evI cIjo paDela hatI, je atyAre paNa dazanAma gosvAmI samAjanI puruSa vyaktino svargavAsa thAya tyAre emanI sAthe samAdhimAM rAkhavAmAM Ave che. AthI ema manAya ke e samayamAM paNa bhagavAM dhAraNa karanAra ke sAdhune padmAsanamAM besADIne samAdhi ApavAnI prathA haze. ene bALavAmAM (agnidAha) nahi Avato hoya athavA e hADapi4ra siMdhu saMskRtinA amuka samaya bAdanuM paNa hoI zake ! amuka vidvAnonuM evuM mAnavuM che ke A zahera nadIkAMThe vasela nathI, paNa siMdhukAMThe vasela mahAbaMdara (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 17). For Private and Personal Use Only

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che, paraMtu haju dariyAI baMdara moTanA purAvAo nathI maLyA, jevA ke laMgara, moTI godI vagere, paNa ekAda nAnI godI jevuM che. A uparAMta eka moTuM pATiyuM siMdhu lipimAM maLyu che, jenI bhASA ukelAtI nathI. e ukela mAge che. A jAtanuM pATiyuM mAtra A dhoLAvIrAnA utkhananamAMthI ja maLyuM che. siMdhukalA : zilpa-sthApatyamAM mahelanAM daravAjAnI suMdara kamAno, baMne taraphanAM paththaronI kotaraNI, mahelanA staMbhanA suMdara goLa corasa vagere alaga alaga ghATanA vyavasthita dhaselA paththaro - vacce kANAM pADelA je staMbhane UbhA karatA eka bIjAne kANAMthI joDIne majabUtI vadhArI zakAya. paththarone mAtra mATInI coDAIthI ja eka bIjA sAthe joDIne samagra nagaranI racanA karavAmAM AvI che. AjanI jema simenTa ke cUnAno jarA paNa upayoga nathI karavAmAM Avyo chatAM varSothI Takela che. nadIkinArAnAM temaja himAlayanA devadAranAM lAkaDAMno upayoga makAnanI chata, rAcaracIluM, bArI, daravAjA temaja dAdara, vahANa vagere banAvavA mATe thato. dhAtumAM tAMbAno upayoga patarAM, hathiyAra, AbhUSaNo vagere banAvavA thato. cAMdI, sIsuM, sonuM bahu ochA pramANamAM vaparAtAM. sonuM kolaranI khANomAMthI tathA tAMbuM pazcima eziyAnA dezomAMthI AvatuM. ahIM dhAtuo gALavAnI bhaThThI hatI, jemAM kalAtmaka talavAra, tIranI noka, bhAlA, barachI vagere temaja vahANamAM vaparAtI dhAtunA ghATa ghaDAtA. sonuM, sIsuM, paththaro, cAMdI, maNakA, zaMkha vageremAMthI ahIMnAM ja kArakhAnAMmAM ghareNAM banAvavAmAM AvatAM. enA purAvAmAM maNakA ghasavAnAM,banAvavAnAM ne temAM kANAM pADavAnAM sAdhano paNa moTA pramANamAM maLyAM che. ghareNAnI nikAsa paNa karavAmAM AvatI, A utkhanana daramyAna AbhUSaNothI ladAyelI strIonI mUrtio paNa maLI che. A uparAMta sutarAu kApaDanuM suMdara bajAra hatuM ane ahIMthI tenI nikAsa thatI, jene irAkanAM loko siMdhu kApaDa kahatA. grIka loko A kApaDane siMdhana kahetA, jeno grIka bhASAmAM ullekha che. A kApaDa AjanI khAdI jevuM hatuM ane te banAvavAnI samagra duniyAmAM siMdhusaMskRtinA loko pAse AgavI rIta hatI. ekahaththu sattA hatI, jema ke AjhAdI pahelAM bhAratIya upakhaMDa(atyAre bAMgalAdeza)nA DhAkAnI malamala AkhI duniyAmAM vakhaNAtI hatI. vahANavaTuM paNa khUba ja samRddha hatuM, jethI AkhI duniyA sAthe vepAra cAlato ane 20 thI 25 vahANa lAMgarI zake evI sagavaDa hatI. te samaye naukAzAstramAM koI Adhunika sAdhano nahotAM. chatAM anubhavo ane AkAza, tArA, cadra vagerenI jANakArInI madada paDe samasta dariyo kheDIne, deza-dezAvaranI musApharI karIne vepAra karatA, AjanA nArAyaNasarovara (koTezvara) pAsethI dAkhala thayeluM jahAja (moTA raNamAMthI ) khaMbhAtanA akhAta sudhI AvI zakatuM. kacchanI mATInAM mAnavI-mATInAM suMdara vAsaNo uparAMta nAnA chokarAo mATenAM sudaMra ramakaDAMo, jevAM ke gADAM, gADI, baLada, pakSI, hAthI, ghoDA vagere banAvatAM. Aje paNa kacchamAM prajApationI viziSTatAo che ne duniyAmAM vakhaNAya che. chelle thayela utkhanana : jAnyuArI, 1997thI utkhananano navo tabakko zarU thayA pachI navI vastuo maLI che : eka to jaLAzayamAM sADA cha phUTa khodakAma thatAM banne tarapha khaDakamAMthI kotarelAM pagathiyAM nIkaLyAM che. e uparAMta pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 18 For Private and Personal Use Only

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noLiyAnA avazeSo hAtha lAgyA che, je navatara che, kAraNa ke haDappIya yuganAM utkhananamAM Aja dina sudhI khA pahelAM noLiyAnA avazeSo maLyA nathI. sauthI mahattvanI vastu kUvo che. A cAra mITaranA paDathAra (vyAsa) sahitano kUvo maLyo che, je parathI sAbita thAya che ke Aje gAmaDAMomAM jovA maLatA kUvAnI saMskRti pAMca hajAra varSa pahelAMnI che, tyAM moDela sAiTa myujhiyama tarIke vikasAvavAnI vicAraNA cAle che. bhUjamAM dhoLAvIrA sAiTanI tasavIronuM tA. 11-4-97 thI pAMca divasanuM pradarzana opana era thiyeTa2mAM yojAyela. mAnavIno cheDo : kudaratanA khoLe khelanAra A saMskRtinA mAnavIo sUrya, pANI, caMdra, agni, pavana vagerenI pUjA maMdiro banAvyA vagara karatA, paraMtu amuka mAtRkAo maLI che tethI lAge che ke teo mAtRbhaktisabhara paNa hatA. svastika, mahAdeva, pazupatinAtha, zivaliMga, vagere pUjAnAM cihno maLyAM che tethI tenI pUjA karatA haze ane A parathI ema mAnI zakAya ke teo hindu (sindhuno apabhraMza hindu) hatA. e ja rUDhimAM e ja loko, saMskAro, lokamAnasamAM Aje paNa kacchanAM bannI pradezanA lokono paheraveza, khAsa to strIonAM dhareNAM, kapaDAM vageremAM, bannInAM bhUMgA, dhara paranI dIvAlomAM, enI bAMdhaNImAM e ja saMskRtino svastika, gopUjana, zivapUjA, vRkSapUjA, mAtRpUjA vagereno kalAvAraso sacavAyelo paDyo che, je Aje pAMca hajAra ke tethI vadhAre varSo bAda paNa jIvaMta che. ApaNI pharaja che ke ApaNe e saMskRtine sAcavIe. duniyAnA tamAma dezo potAnI sAMskRtika dharohara sAcavI rAkhavAnI koziza kare che ane sAcave che. ApaNe kyAre ApaNI saMskRtine sAcavIzuM ? kyAre Diskone choDIzuM ? ApaNA dezanI kASThanI mUrtio temaja suMdara nakazI videzIone vecatA kyAre aTakIzuM ? hajAro varSa je vastune-kalAne banAvatAM vAra lAgI haze ene mAmUlI kimatamAM vecatA rahIzuM ? e mUrtio, kapaDAM, ghareNAM vagere ApaNe videzIone vecI temAMthI teo nakala karIne ApaNI pAse ghareNAM, kezaguMphanakalA, vastro vagerenI DijhAIna banAvI ApaNane lalacAve ne ApaNe videzI kalA apanAvyAno AnaMda mANIe chIe, paraMtu e bhUlI jaIe chIe ke A to ApaNI ja nakala che. The. 'meghachAyA' bilDiMga, gosvAmI coka, bhIDa, bhUja-370001 pathika, dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 19 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kacchanA abhilekho aitihAsika pariprekSyamAM (I.sa. 1304 sudhI) | DaoN. bhAratI zelata kacchanA itihAsano prAraMbha gujarAtano saLaMga ItihAsa lagabhaga I.sa. pUrve trIjA zatakathI maLe che, tyArathI eka yA bIjI rIte kacchano temAM samAveza thato Avyo che. magadhanA caMdragupta mauryanI sAmrAjya sattA nIce saurASTra hatuM eTale tenI uparano kacchano pradeza temAM AvI jato. yavana rAjAo yukreTiDijha, minenDara ane epoloDaoNTasanA sikkAo saurASTramAMthI maLyA che. saurASTra sAthe kaccha teone tAbe hovAnuM manAya che.' pazcimI kSatrapo ane kaccha cATananA vaMzanA kArdamaka kSatraponI sattA heThaLa to kaccha hatuM ja. A kSatraponA zilAlekho tema ja kacchanAM vividha purAtana khaMDeromAMthI upalabdha kSatrapa sikkAo A aMgeno aitihAsika purAvo pUro pADe che. TaoNlemInI bhUgoLa (racanA saMbhavataH I.sa. 140) anusAra e samaye ujananI gAdI para cAlTana rAjaya karato hato. enA zAsanano nirdeza karatA yarilekhara kacchamAMthI maLyA hoI enuM rAjaya pazcimamAM kaccha sudhI vistareluM hatuM. rudradAmAnA jUnAgaDha zailalekhamAM nirdiSTa enI sattA nIcenA pradeza je kSaharAta kSatraponA tAbe hatA te sAtavAhana rAjA gautamIputra zAtakarNie kabaje karelA. kSaharAtoe gumAvelA A pradezomAMthI ghaNA jItI laI kArdamaka cAine potAnuM rAjaya sthApyuM. emAM pahelethI kacchano samAveza thato. cANana ane enA vaMzanA rAjAonA moTA bhAganA abhilekho kaccha ane saurASTramAMthI upalabdha thayA che, ekalA kacchamAMthI ja A rAjAonA daza jeTalA abhilekho prApta thayA che. e uparAMta tAjetaramAM kacchamAM bhuja tAlukAnA kanaiyAbe ane aMjAra tAlukAnAM koTaDA cAMdaraNI sthaLoethI kSatrapakAlIna be zilAlekha maLyA che, paNa tenA lekhono pATha ke lakhANano sAra hajI prakAzamAM Avyo nathI daulatapura(tA. bhuja)nA cAnTananA zaka varSa da(I.sa. 84-85)nA abhilekhamAM cASTananA rAjayamAM jaitrakanA pautra ane varAhadevanA putra AbhIra (regarezvaradeve) vasu gotranA vasudotakanA putra pratisvAmInI yAdagIrImAM kuTuMbanA zreya arthe yaSTi karAvyAno ullekha che. ekalA aMdhI(tA. bhUja)mAMthI kSatrapAlanA sAta jeTalA yaSThilekha maLyA che, je A sthaLanuM mahattva darzAve che. temAMnA zika varSa 11(I.sa. 89-90)nA yaSTilekhamAM rAjA mahAkSatrapa cASTananA samayamAM laSI ane mAdhukAnanA putre yaSTi banAvyAno ullekha che. A be yaSTilekho parathI mAlUma paDe che ke kacchamAM cASTananuM rAjya zaka saMvatanA lagabhaga AraMbha kAlathI hatuM. A baMne abhilekho cASTananA ekalAnA zAsanano ullekha kare che. aMdhaunA zaka varSa para (I.sa. 131)nA cAra varilekho rAjA cAnTana ane enA pautra rAjA rudradAmAnA samayanA che. cAreya yajhilekhomAM bhrAmotikanA putra rAjA cASTananA ane jayadAmAnA putra rAjA rudradAmAnA rAjayanA zika) varSa para nI phAgaNa vada 2 ne divase (prAyaH I.sa. 131nA phebruArInI rajI tArIkha) aupazatika gautranA sIhitaputra madane jyeSTha vIrAnI yAdagIrImAM, bhAI RSabhadevanI yAdagIrImAM, patI zrAmaNerI yazodattAnI yAdagIrImAM ane zrAmaNera 2STadatte putra RSabhadevanI yAdagIrImAM yaSTi karAvyAnI noMdha che. ( pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 20) For Private and Personal Use Only

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kSatraponuM saMyukta zAsana A yajhilekho cAnTana ane dradAmAnA saMyukta zAsananI hakIkatane samarthana Ape che. sikkA lekho parathI mAlUma paDe che ke A kSatrapa vaMzamAM mahAkSatrapa ane kSatrapanA saMyukta zAsananI prathA hatI. teo baMne potapotAnA nAme sikkA paDAvatA. pahelA rAjA cAnTana mahAkSatrapa tarIkene eno putra jayadAmAM kSatrapa tarIke sikkA paDAvatA. te pachI jayadAmAnuM sthAna enA putra ddhadAmAe lIdhuM. A parathI mAluma paDe che ke pitA cATananI hayAtImAM yuvarAja jayadAmAnuM akALa avasAna thatAM tenI jagyAe jayadAmAnA putra rudradAmAnI nimaNUka thaI hatI ane mahAkSatrapa tarIkeno adhikAra cAlTana pachI enA pautra mAne prApta thayo hato. aMdhaumAMnA e pachInA yaSTiplekhamAM brAmotikanA putra rAjA mahAkSatrapa cASTananA putra svAmI 'jayadAmAnA putra rAjA svAmI rudradAmAnA zAsananA (zaka) varSa (+) ramAM zrAmaNera zatraMsahanA putra apathIkanI yAdagIrImAM tenA putra dhanadeve yaSTi karAvyAno ullekha che. A lekhamAM cASTanane mahAkSatrapa ane svAmI kahyo che. jyAre jayadAmAM ane rudradAmAne rAjA tema ja svAmI kahyA che. AthI A abhilekha dradAmAne mahAkSatrapanuM biruda maLyuM e pahelAno arthAt zaka varSa 72 (mArgazIrSa)nA jUnAgaDha zailalekha pahelAMno hovo joIe, jemAM ene mahAkSatrapa kahyo che. ekamano aMka 2 vaMcAya to e zaka varSa 62 (I.sa.140-141)no ke 72 (I.sa. 150)nA pUrva bhAgano hovA saMbhava che; ne ekamano aMka 3 vaMcAya to e zaka varSa pa3 (I.sa.131) (ke 63 I.sa.141)no hoI zake. rudrasiMha 1 lAnA vAMDha(tA. mAMDavI) yaSThilekhamAM rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI rudradAmAnA putra rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI rudrasiMhanA prAyaH (zAka) varSa 110 (I.sa.178-79)mAM koInI smRtimAM yaSTi UbhI karAvyAno ullekha che. yaSTi karAvanAranuM nAma vaMcAtuM nathI. - rudrasiMha 1 lAnA aMdha yajhilekhamAM rAjA kSatrapa jayadAmAnA putra rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI ddhadAmAnA putra rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI rudrasiMhanA rAjyamAM (zaka) varSa 114(I.sa.192-93)mAM koI AbhIre koI svajananI yaSTi karAvyAno ullekha che. mevAsA(tA.rApara)yaNilekhamAM rAjA mahAkSatrapa cASTananA vaMzaja mahAkSatrapa bhartudAmAnA rAjyanA (zaka) varSa 203 mAM harihovaka gotranA AbhIra zvasananA pautra, vapanA putra vasurAke enA svAmI rAjayezvaranI smRtimAM yaSTi karAvyAno ullekha che. lekhanI paMkti 1mAM rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI cakhaNanuM, paMkti ramAM rAjA mahAkSatrapa bhadridamanuM nAma Ave che, jyAre paMkti 3 mAM "rAjA mahAkSatrapa' ja ApyuM che, ne enuM nAma jaNAvyuM nathI. rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI cakhaNa (pa. 1) ane rAjA mahAkSatrapa bhakidama (5.2)nI vacce 'putrapuputra' (? putraprapautra) jevo saMbaMdha darzAvyo che. bhakidama (paM. 2) ane rAjA mahAkSatrapa (paM. 3) nI vacce paNa evuM ja vizeSaNa ApeluM che. cASTananA putrano prapautra koNa? ene evA cAra putraprapautra hoya. jIvadAmA (zaka 119-120), rudrasena 1 lo (zaka 122-144), saMghadAmA (zaka 144-145) ane dAmasena (zaka 145-158). prAyaH paMkti 3 mAM "putraprapautrI jJo mahAkSatraparNa' e paMkti ramAM bhakidama mATe prayojela pada saratacUkathI ahIM vadhArAnuM lakhAI gayuM che ne A lekha rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI cASTananA putraprapautra rAjA mahAkSatrapa bhadidAmanA zAsanakAlano che, to pachI A bhadima jIvadAmAM ke dAmasena hoI zake ne lekhanuM varSa (zaka) 119-20 ke 14pa-1580 paikInuM hovuM joIe. paraMtu ApelA saMkhyAdarzaka padamAM evuM kAMI baMdhabesatuM nathI. AthI paMkti (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 21) For Private and Personal Use Only

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2 mAMno rAjA cASTanano putraprapautra dAmasena hoya ne paMkti 3 mAM dAmasenanA putraprapautra bhartudAmAnuM nAma hoya e vadhu saMbhavita che. ne to lekhamAMnuM varSa zaka) 203 (I.sa. 281-82) hoI zake. Ama kacchamAM ochAmAM ochAM baso varSa sudhI pazcimI kSatraponuM zAsana pravartatuM evuM A yaSTilekho (I.sa. 84 thI 281) parathI jANavA maLe che. zaka saMvata ane kSatrapo aMdhaumAMthI upalabdha cASTananA zika) varSa 11 ane daulatapuranA zika varSa nA abhilekhonI zodha pahelAM ema manAtuM hatuM ke kuSANa rAjA kaNicche ane enA anugAmIoe prayojela saMvata zaka saMvata hato ane eno sthApaka kaNiSka hato; laharAta kSatrapa rAjA nahapAnanA abhilekhomAMnA varSa 41 thI 46 ane kArdamaka kSatrapa rAjA cANana ane enA anugAmIonA abhilekhomAMnA varSa para thI 320 paNa zaka saMvatanAM manAtAM. nahapAna cASTanano purogAmI hato. pUrvakAlIna pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAo kuSANa rAjA kaNiSka 1 lAnA sUbA hatA. jo ke keTalAka vidvAno tyAre ema mAnatA ke kaNikka 1 lA ane enA anugAmIoe prayojela saMvata zaka saMvata nathI ane kahiSka 1lo prAya: I.sa.120 ke tethI paNa thoDo moDo thayo hoya. sikkAzAstranI vigato parathI bhUmaka ane nahapAna cASTananA purogAmI hovAnuM nizcita che. cArunanuM rAjya zika varSa 6 mAM pravartamAna hovAnuM enA daulatapura abhilekha parathI jaNAtAM enA purogAmI nahapAne prayojelAM varSa zaka saMvatanA hoI zake nahIM. I.sa. 30 nA arasAmAM zarU thayelA koI saMvatanAM hoI zake, paNa evo koI saMvata jANavAmAM Avyo nathI. AthI A varSa nahapAnanA rAjyakALanAM hovAnuM vadhu saMbhavita lAge che. 1970 sudhI prAyaH ema manAtuM hatuM ke zaka saMvata kuSANa rAjAoe zarU karyo ane zaka jAtinA pazcimI kSatrapoe ghaNA lAMbA samaya sudhI prayojayo hovAthI e AgaLa jatAM zaka saMvata tarIke oLakhAyo. paraMtu kSatrapa rAjAonA abhilekhomAM kuSANa rAjAonA ullekha maLatA nathI. emaNe emanA nAmanA ja sikkA paDAvyA. cASTananA varSa 6 ane 11 nA abhilekhonI zodha parathI mAlUma paDe che ke rAjA cASTane kahiSkano navo pravartAvelo saMvata enA pazcima bhAratanA rAjayamAM e saMvatanA varSa 6-11 jeTalo vahelo prayojayo hoya e bhAgye ja saMbhave che. rAjA cASTane sAtavAhano pAsethI laharAta kSatrapoe gumAvelA ghaNA pradezo pAchA meLavyA e enI eka moTI siddhi hatI. enI A siddhinI smRtimAM A saMvata zarU karyo hovAnuM jaNAya che. to enuM rAjya zaka varSa 1 = I.sa. 78 mAM zarU thayuM gaNAya, ne kahiSkanA samayamAM uttara bhAratamAM zarU thayelo saMvata zaka saMvatathI bhinna ane prAyaH zaka saMvata pachI pacAseka varSa bAda zarU thayo hato. pazcimI kSatrapo zaka jAtinA hovAnuM jANavA maLyuM che, te parathI 'zaka saMvata' nAma sArthaka kare che. Ama cASTananA zaka varSa 6 ane 11 nA kacchamAMthI upalabdha abhilekho cAnTana ane nahapAna vaccenA kAlakramAnDaya para, nahapAnanA samayanA lekhonAM varSa zaka saMvatanAM na hovA para ane zaka saMvatanI utpatti para navo prakAza pADe che. A adyaparyata bhAratIya jyotiSamAM tathA svataMtra bhAratanA rASTrIya paMcAMgamAM je zaka saMvata prayojAya che eno sthApaka A pradezamAM I.sa.nI 1lI-rajI sadImAM rAjya karato kArdamaka kSatrapa rAjA cAnTana hato e ApaNe mATe eka gauravanI vAta che. kacchanA AbhIro cAkhananA samayanA daulatapura lekhamAM, rudrasiMha 1lAnA samayanA zika varSa 203 nA guMdA pithika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 22) For Private and Personal Use Only

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(tA.jAmanagara)nA lekhamAM, rudrasiMha 1lAnA aMdhau yaSTilekhamAM tathA uparyukta mevAsA lekhamAM AbhIrono ullekha Ave che. pazcimI kSatraponA rAjayakALa daramyAna pazcima bhAratamAM AbhIro vasatA hatA ane teo sainyamAM joDAtA hatA. kacchanA dezane kyAreka AbhIra deza kahevAmAM Avato AbhIrono eka rAjavaMza nAsikamAM sthapAyo hato; ne kahevAto kalacuri saMvata prAyaH te vaMzanA sthApakanA samayamAM zarU thayo hato. gujarAtamAM aitihAsika kAlanA sahuthI prAcIna zilAlekha jUnAgaDhamAMthI maLyA che. paraMtu e maurya rAjA azoke potAnA sAmrAjyanA aneka prAMto mATe lakhAvelA dharmalekhonI eka nakalarUpe ja che. AthI samasta gujarAtanI sthAnika ghaTanAne lagatA sahuthI jUnA zilAlekha kacchamAMthI upalabdha thayA che. kacchamAMthI grIka sikkA - saurASTra ane kacchamAM eka ajJAtanAmAM bhAratIya-grIka rAjAnA tAMbAnA sikkA maLe che. e sikkAo para grIka bhASAmAM ane grIka lipimAM Basileos Basileon Soter Megas (rAjAono rAjA, trAtA, mahAna) evuM lakhANa hoya che. A sikkA vima kaphizanA samayanA arthAtu I.sa.120 nA arasAnA hovAnuM saMbhave che. paraMtu A sikkAo kacchamAM vANijiyaka rIte AvyA haze. kSatrapakAlIna kacchanI saMskRti kacchanA kSatrapakAlIna upalabdha abhilekhomAMthI kacchanA sAMskRtika itihAsa vize paNa keTalIka mAhitI maLe che. videha vyaktinI smRtimAM yaSTi ke laSTi banAvavAnI prathA kSatrapakAlamAM ahIM ghaNI pracalita hatI. cAkhana-rudradAmAnA zika varSa para nA aMdhau yajhilekhomAM tema ja rudradAmAnA aMdhau yaSTilekhamAM zrAmaNera " ane grAmorIno ullekha Ave che. te vyaktio bauddha dharmanA anuyAyIo jaNAya che. A uparAMta tatkAlIna samAjamAM pracalita gotra nAmo vasu, aupazatika ane harihovakano nirdeza paNa Ave che. kAlagaNanAmAM varSa, mAsa, pakSa ane tithi tema ja nakSatra ApavAnI prathA jovA maLe che. keTalIka vAra varSa zabdomAM ane aMkomAM baMne rIte apAtuM. saMvatanuM nAma ke vAra apAtAM nahIM, rudrasiMha 1lAnA aMdhI lekhamAM jayeSThAmUlIya nakSatrano ullekha che. rudradAmA ane rudrasiMha jevA nAmo zakoe apanAvelI rudra-upAsanAnAM ghAtaka che. kacchanA kSatrapakAlIna abhilekhomAM prayojolI bhASA prAkRta che. tyAra sudhI bhAratanA anya pradezomAM paNa abhilekhomAM Aja bhASA prayojAtI.* * guNonA samayanuM kaccha magadhanA gupta samrATa kumAraguma 1 lA e gujarAta, saurASTra tathA kaccha para potAnI sattA prasArI tevuM tenA sikkAnidhio parathI jANavA maLyuM che. bhUjamAMthI kumAragupta 1 lA (I.sa.415-455)nA cAMdInA saMkhyAbaMdha sikkA maLyA che. skaMdagupta(I.sa.455-468)nA yajJavedI prakAranA 236 jeTalA sikkA maLyA che.15 maitrakakAlIna kacchano itihAsa maitraka kALa daramyAna maitraka rAjAonuM zAsana kaccha para hatuM. e aMge pahelAM mAryamaMnuzrImUtattva parathI anumAna karavuM paDeluM', paNa I.sa. 1972mAM maitraka rAjA dhruvasena 1lAnA (valabhI saM.) 217, Aso sudi 12 (prAya: I.sa.536nI 13mI sapTembara)nA dhunaDA(tA.khAnapara, ji.morabI)nAM tAmrapatra maLatAM teno sIdho purAvo maLyo che. emAM A rAjAe kaccha viSayanA puSyatarI gAmanA nivAsI brAhmaNa kumArane daMtiviSayamAMnuM rAjamitrANapadra nAmanuM gAma dAnamAM ApyAno ullekha che. puSyatarI nagarInuM sthAna ( pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 23) For Private and Personal Use Only

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atyAre baMdha besatuM nathI. paraMtu A abhilekha parathI jaNAya che ke kacchano viSaya prAyaH maitraka rAjayanI aMtargata hato. kacchanA viMjhANa (tA. abaDAsA) ane pATagaDha(tA. lakhapata)nA purAvazeSomAMthI anukrame pittaLanI prAya: 7mI sadInI lipinA maroDavALI be mudrAo maLI che. A be mudrAo cAre vedonA jANakAra brAhmaNone lagatI che. emAMnI eka muddA parano naMdI zaiva dharmano ghotaka che. - bhUjanA myujhiyamamAMnI abhilekhavALI eka buddhapratimA zailI ane lipinI daSTie maitraka kAla (prAyaH I.sa. 7mI sadInA pUrvAdhInI lAge che. A mUrtinuM prAptisthAna paNa jo kacchanuM koI gAma hoya to maitraka kALa daramyAna bauddha dharma kacchamAM pracalita hovAnuM sUcave che. 20 - siMdhanI Araba phoje maitraka rAjyanA kaccha, saurASTra, mALavA vagere pradezo para saphaLa AkramaNa karyuM, paraMtu navasArikAnA cAlukya rAjA avanijanAzraya pulakezInA hAthe parAsta thaI e hakIkata A rAjAnA navasArI dAnapatro (kalayuri, saM. 480- I.sa. 739) parathI jaNAya che.' kaccha ane anumaitraka kAla Anuzrutika vRttAMto anusAra anumaitraka kAla (I.sa. 788-942) daramyAna kacchamAM cAvaDA kulanAM keTalAMka rAjya thayAM, khAsa karIne kacchanA pazcima bhAgamAM kanaka cAvaDAe saM. 618(I.sa. pa61-62)mAM bhadrAvatI (bhadrezvara) lIdhuM ne saM. 622 (I.sa. pa65-66)mAM tyAMnA maMdirano jIrNoddhAra karyo evI anuzruti che. paNa e yathArtha jaNAtI nathI. bhadrezvaranA maMdiranI mahAvIranI zveta ArasanI mUrti para saM. 6rara nA varSa ? evuM vaMcAya che. jemsa barjesa A mUrtine ajitanAthanI mAnI e varSa saM. 1622 (I.sa. 156pa66)nuM mAne che. 23 lipinI dRSTie e aMkano maroDa saM. 622 jeTalo jUno nathI. bhASAzAstranI dRSTie paNa varSanI saMkhyA pachIno nA akSara gujarAtI bhASAnA chaThThI vibhaktinA pratyaya rUpe saM. 1622mAM baMdha bese, saM. 622mAM nahi. kanaka cAvaDo viMjhANa(tA. abaDAsA)mAM rAjaya karato. enA pautra bhUaDa cAvaDAe paNa bhadrezvara para caDhAI karelI ema kahevAya che. bhUaDe vi.saM. 971 (I.sa. 914-15)thI vi.saM. 990 (I.sa. 933-34) sudhI rAjaya karyuM manAya che. A parathI bhUaDano pitAmaha kanaka vikramanI navamI sadInA uttarArdhamAM thayo gaNAya. A kAlane lagatA itihAsa vize koI Abhilekhika purAvAo adyApi upalabdha nathI. kaccha ane rASTrakUTa kacchano pradeza gujarAta ane dakhkhaNanA rASTrakUTa rAjAonA tAbAmAM thoDA samaya mATe haze ema rASTrakUTa rAjA goviMda 3jAnA rAdhanapura dAnazAsana (zaka 730 - I.sa. 808)mAM AvatA kaMThikAnA zleSayukta ullekha parathI jaNAya che. kaMThikA prAyaH kAMThI eTale kaccha pradezane kahetA haze. 25 TolemIe paNa kacchanA pradezane loko kaMThI kahetA ema jaNAvyuM che. aNahilavADamAM mULarAja solaMkInuM rAjaya sthapAyuM (I.sa. 942) tyAre kapilakoTa (kerAkoTa, tA.bhUja)mAM lAkho phUlANI rAjya karato hato. lAkhiyAra viyaro (tA. nakhatrANA)mAM jAma lAkhA jADejA ane enA vaMzajoe lagabhaga I.sa. 1147 thI rAjya karyuM. solaMkI-vAghelA samayanuM kaccha solaMkI-vAghelA kAla (I.sa. 942 thI I.sa. 1304)mAM kacchano caulukya (solaMkI) rAjyanA eka (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 24) For Private and Personal Use Only

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maMDaLa tarIke samAveza thato. bhImadeva 1lA(I.sa. 1022-1064)e Akho vAgaDa pradeza jItyo ane kacchanAM gAmonAMya dAna ApatAM zAsana pharamAvyAM. AvAM traNa dAnazAsana prasiddha thayAM che. kacchamAM eNe ghaNAM navAM gAma vasAvelAM. vi.saM. 1086(I.sa. 1029)nA rAdhanapura dAnapatramAM mahArAjAdhirAja zrI bhImadeva kaccha maMDalamAM ghaDahaDikA dvAdaza (bAra gAmano tAluko)mAM AveluM masUra gAma kacchamaMDalamAMnA navaNIsakathI AvelA AcArya ajapAlane dAnamAM ApyAno ullekha che. A ghaDahaDikA hAlanuM geDI (tA. rApara) hoI zake. bhImadeva 1 lAnA saM. 1093(I.sa. 1037)nA dAnapatramAM eNe prasannapurathI AvelA vatsa gotranA dAmodaraputra goviMdane sahasacANA gAmamAMnI eka halavAha (eka haLathI kheDAya eTalI) bhUmi dAnamAM ApyAno ullekha che. A sahasacANA gAmanuM abhijJAna thaI zakatuM nathI. enI dakSiNe AveluM vekariyA gAma hAlanuM vekarA (tA. rAparanuM ke mAMDavInuM) hoI zake. bhImadeva 1 lAnA vi. saM. 1117(I.sa.1061)nAM bhadrezvara dAnazAsanamAM eNe kaccha maMDalamAMnuM jabhagaNA gAma prasannapurathI AvelA brAhmaNa goviMdane dAnamAM ApyAnuM jaNAvyuM che. dAnazAsanamAM sUryagrahaNa parvano ullekha che. ahIM AvatA svamuHI. chamachaDuta nA ullekhathI bhImadeva sIdho kaccha para zAsana karato hovAnuM jaNAya che. nADuvati (sa. 6, zlo, 47)nA ullekha anusAra karNadeva 1lA (vi.saM. 1120-1150)nA vakhatamAM bhadrezvaramAM karNavApikA nAme vAva karAvAyelI, jeno pAchaLathI jagaDue uddhAra karyo hato. bhadrezvaranA derAsaramAM saM. 1134 (I.sa. 1078)no eka zilAlekha che. emAM koI zrImALI gacchanA jaina maMdiranuM samArakAma karAvyAno ane dAna ApyAno ullekha che. A zilAlekha hAla vidyamAna nathI. bhadrezvaranI prAcInatAnuM sUcana karato A sahuthI jUno zilAlekha che. siddharAja jayasiMhanAM saM. 1195(I.sa. 1139)nA bhadresara (tA.muMdrA) zilAlekhamAM) bhadrezvara velAkula (baMdara)no ullekha Ave che. tenA rAjayakALanA pAchalA bhAgamAM tenA mahAmAtyapade dAdAka nAmanA eka nAgara gRhastha hatA. kumArapALa (vi.saM. 1199 thI 1239)nA tAbAmAM aDhAra maMDalomAM kacchano samAveza thato ema prabaMdhaciMtAmaNi' (pR. 199) ane kumArapALaprabaMdha' (pR. 95) noMdhe che. vAghelA rAjA arjunadevanA vi.saM. 1328nA rava (tA. rApara)nA pALiyAlekhamAM enA rAjyakAla daramyAna mahAmAtyazrI mAladeva zAsana karato tyAre dhRtaghaTI (gaDI)mAM... ravisiMhe vAva karAvyAno ullekha che. vRtaghaTI e hAlanuM geDI che. ahIM devI ravecIne nAmanirdeza che je vAgaDamAM zaktipUjAnuM mAhAsya darzAve vAghelA rAjA sAraMgadevano kaMthakoTanA khokharA derA pAseno eka pALiyAlekha vi.saM. 1332 - I.sa. 1275 pUro vAMcI zakAyo nathI. emAM e rAjAnA mahAmAtya kAnDano ullekha che. vAghelA rAjA arjunadeva ane sAraMgadevanA kacchamAMthI upalabdha zilAlekho parathI kacchamAM aNahilavADanA mUlarAjavaMzI solaMkI rAjAonI jema vAghelA solaMkI rAjAonuM paNa zAsana ahIM pravartatuM hovAnI pratIti thAya che. solaMkI-vAghelA kAlanA bIjA keTalAka nAnA abhilekho maLyA che je kacchanA sAMskRtika itihAsanI daSTie mahattvanA che. kacchamAM jUnAmAM jUno upalabdha pALiyAlekha sikrAno saM. 1060 (I.sa. 1003 (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 25) For Private and Personal Use Only

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04)no che, je spaSTa vaMcAto nathI. prAcIna jamAnAmAM sikkA bahu moTuM zahera hatuM. kaMthakoTa (tA. bhacAu)mAM mahAvIra maMdiranA maMDapanA staMbha para vi.saM. 1036 (saM. 1336)no lekha che. je spaSTa thato nathI. geDImAM Avelo saM. 1217 (I.sa. 1160-61)no pALiyo sAcorA brAhmaNa dalasukha jozIno che, je karaNa padhariyA sAthenA garAsa aMgenA jhaghaDAne laIne smazAnamAM baLI marelo. kacchamAM I.sa.nI 13mI sadI pahelAM sAcorA brAhmaNo ahIM AvI vasyA haze ema A pALiyA parathI lAge che. geDInA lakSmInArAyaNa maMdira pAse caMDesara makavANAno saM. 1268 (I.sa.1211-12) nA lekhavALo pALiyo che. A lekha geDImAM makavANA rajapUtonA varcasanuM sUcana kare che. bhUjanI bairAjavAnI vAvamAMthI maLelI ane hAla bhUja myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta zveta ArasanI jaina besaNI para vi.saM. 1300 (I.sa. 1243-44)no abhilekha che. jemAM munizrI suvratasvAmInuM biMba karAvyAno ullekha che. A mUrti bhUjaMnI vAvamAM bIjethI pachIthI AvI hovI joIe. bhadrezvaranA derAsaramAM mahAvIra svAmInI pratimAM vagaranA pabAsana para kotarela vi.saM. 1304 nA eka lekhamAM vastA nAgendra ane enI patnI padmAe mahAvIranuM biMba karAvyuM ane enI pratiSThA saravAlagacchanA zrI vIrasUrie karI evuM jaNAvyuM che. kaMthakoTanA maMdiramAM maMDapanA eka staMbha para saM. 132 (+)nA lekhamAM zrImAla jJAti ane AmradevanuM nAma thoDuM vaMcAya che. ahIM jaNAvela varSamAM ekamano aMka jo pa ke 8 hoya to tithi vArano meLa bese che, saM. 1325 ke saM. 1328nI baMne miti caitrAdi ke ASADhAdi paddhati baMdha bese che. kaccha ane hAlAranA pradezamAM ASADhAdi varSa gaNanAnI paddhati pracalita hatI. A miti paNa ApADhAdi paddhati pramANenI hovAnuM jaNAya che. bhUjanA myujhiyamamAM eka jaina pratimAnI besaNI paranA saM. 1335 (I.sa. 1278-79)nA lekhamAM" bhaginI ujAunA zreya mATe biMba karAvanAra kahAnaDade ane pratiSThA karanAranAM nAma ApelAM che. kaMthakoTanA mahAvIra maMdiranA maMDapanA staMbha paranA saM. 1340 (I.sa. 1283-84)nA lekhamAM 2 AmradevanAthanA lAkhu ane sohika nAmanA be putroe maMDapa baMdhAvyAnA ullekha che. naDuiritanA saMdarbha parathI jaNAya che ke A maMdira baMdhAvanAra bhadrezvaranA jagaDuzAnA kAkAo hatA, "AmradevanAtha' prAyaH jagaDuzAnA dAdA visaladevanuM bIjuM nAma hovAno saMbhava che. A uparAMta kacchanAM judAM judAM sthaLoethI keTalAka evA abhilekha maLyA che, jemAM miti sivAya bAkInI vigata spaSTa vAMcI zakAtI nathI. emAM kaMthakoTanA mahAvIra maMdiranA maMDapanA judA judA staMbho para saM. 1132, saM. 1324 ane saM.1330 nA lekha che. bhadrezvaranA bhadrakALI maMdiranA staMbha para saM. 1158 ke saM. 1358 vaMcAya che. ahIMnA derAsaramAMnA staMbho para saM, 1100, saM. 1223, saM.1ra3ra, saM. 1235 tathA saM. 1323 ane saM.1358nA abhilekha che, jenuM lakhANa bhAgye ja ukelI zakAya che. bhadrezvaranA taLAvanA kinAre saMkhyAbaMdha pALiyA che. jemAMnA keTalAka para saM. 1319nI miti vaMcAya che. 44 gujarAtanA bhImadeva 1lAno caNAvelo killo pIThadeve toDyo te samayano A saMvata jaNAya che. jagaDuzAe visaladevanI madadathI killAno punaruddhAra karAvyo. bhadrezvaranA maMdiranA garbhagRhamAMthI pArzvanAtha ane zAMtinAthanI pratimAo para saM. 1232nA lekha che. derAsaranA eka staMbha para saM. 133 (I.sa. 1273-74)no lekha che, jemAM aNahilapATakamAM mahArAjAdhirAja zrI arjunadevanA vijayarAjamAM' eTaluM vaMcAya che. 45 (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 26) For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhUaDa(tA. aMjAra)nA bhUaDezvara maMdiranA eka staMbha para saM. 1346 (I.sa.1289-90)nI miti tathA cAvaDA kulanuM nAma vaMcAya che." solaMkI-vAghelA kAlanA jaina pratimAlekho A kALa daramyAna jaina dharmano bahoLo prasAra sUcave che. gujarAtanA aMtima rAjA karNa vAghelAne kaccha sAthe nikaTano saMbaMdha hato ema lokakathAo jaNAve che. karNanA avasAna pachI gujarAtamAM keTalAMya nAnAM rajapUta rAjayo sthapAyAM. tenA avazeSa tarIke kacchanA geDImAM eka nAnI ThakarAta tarIke vAghelA sattA sacavAI rahI. rANA vIradhavala(mR. I.sa. 1238)nA samayamAM bhadrezvaramAM pratihAra (paDhiyAra) kulanAM bhImasiMhanuM rAjya hatuM. viradhavale kacchapati bhImasiMhane jItyo hato evI anuzruti che. paraMtu A vaMzanA rAjAonA nAmanirdezavALA koI abhilekha maLyA nathI. samApana abhilekho kacchanA ItihAsanA anveSaNa tathA saMzodhanamAM eka mahattvanuM sAdhana che. kSatrapakAla mATe to kacchanA yaSTilekho samasta gujarAtanA abhilekhomAM anokhuM sthAna dharAve che. solaMkI vaMzanA tAmrapatralekho tathA zilAlekho ane pratimAlekho paNa e zAsanakAlanA kacchanA sthAnika itihAsa para sAro prakAza pADe che. pAdaTIpa 1. baoNmbe gejheTiyara, pR. 5, bhAga 1, pR. 16 2. videha vyaktinI smRtimAM paththaranI UbhI zilA (laSTi-lATa) para kotarela lekhane "yaSTi lekha" kahe che. 3. eka abhilekhamAM mahAkSatrapasa ane 3thApitA: eTaluM vaMcAya che. rAjAnuM nAma ane varSa vaMcAtuM nathI. ndra nAma vaMcAtuM hovAnuM ane enA akSaro tema ja lakhANanI paddhati parathI A yaSTilekha ddhadAmAno hovAnuM sUcavAyuM che. . 4. DaoN. vA. vi. mirANI, "dolatapura iskripzana opha dha reIna oNva cAlTana : varSa da', joi, pu. 28, naM. 2, pR.34thI 5. DaoN. zobhanA gokhale, "aMdhau iskripzana oNva cAkhana, zaka 11', jarnala oNva ensiyanTa inDiyana hisTarI,. pu. 2, bhA. 1-2, pR. 104thI , 6. DaoN. di.ca.sarakAra, "silekTa injhizansa, bhAga 1, naM. 63-66; guela, bhA. 1, naM. 2- 7. ja.mu.nANAvaTI ane ha.gaM zAstrI, "ena ane anapabliTjha blizka kSatrapa injhizana phraoNma kaccha', joI. pu. 11, pR. 137thI 11. gule., bhA. 1, naM. 7 12. ra.cho. parIkha ane ha.gaM.zAstrI', 'gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa", graMtha 1, pR. 26465 13. baoN., pu. 5, bhA. 1, pR. 19 14. che. ha. gaM. zAstrI, "abhilekhavidyA', pR. 98-99 15. maM.2.majamudAra (saMpA.), 'kronolojI oNpha gujarAta', pR. 128 16. ha.gaM.zAstrI, cho.ma.atri ane praci. parIkha, "dhunaDA' (khAnapara) pleTsa oNva dha maitraka kiMga dharasena rajo (valabhI) saMvata 218, oi., pR. 22. naM 1-2, pR. 79thI 18. "enyuala riporTa', "voTsana myujhiyama oNva enTikviTijha', 1923-24, pR. 19-20. 19. maM.2. majamudAra, "e nyUlI DiskavarDa buddha bronjha phroma bhuja(kaccha)," joI., pR. 8, aMka 3, pR. 217thI. (juo kronolojI oNva gujarAta, pR. 215) (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 27) For Private and Personal Use Only

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20. yuena zvAMganI "siyukI'mAM 'kicanuM varNana Ave che. keTalAke ene kaccha mAneluM ne to kacchamAM e samaye soeka bauddha bihAra ane 3,000 jeTalA bauddha bhikSuo hatA. parantu kharI rIte A varNana "kITa' (kheTaHkhaTaka) arthAt kheDAne lAgu paDe che. (Do. ha.gaM.zAstrI, "maitrakakAlIna gujarAta', pR. 185, 395) 21. DaoN. vA. vi. mirAzI, "korpasa injhizanam Inikerama, pu. 4, pR. 139 thI 22. jayarAma nayagAMdhI, "kacchano bRhad itihAsa', pR.32 23. jemsa barjesa, "enTikviTijha oNva kAThiyAvADa enDa kaccha', pR. 208 24. gi. va. AcArya, guaile, bhA. 1, naM.122 25. mAlatI bhaTTa, "anumaitrakakAlanuM gujarAta" (thIsisa), pR. 244 26. guaile, naM. 139 27. ejana, saM. 159 . A dAnapatranuM varSa saM. 93 siMha saMvatanuM dhArI ene bhImadeva rajAnuM mAnavAmAM AveluM (InDiyana enTikverI, 5. 18, pR. 108-09). paraMtu emAMnI dUtaka ane lekhakanI vigato parathI e bhImadeva 1 lAnuM hovAnuM mAluma paDyuM che. A parathI A varSa vi.saM. (10)93 hovAnuM nizcita thayuM che. 28. "vallabhavidyAnagara saMzodhanapatrikA', pu. 1, aM. 2, naM. 5 29. jemsa barjesa, agAu pramANe pR. 207, ratilAla dIpacaMda desAI "bhadrezvara vasaI mahAtIrtha, pR. 157 30. rAmasiMhajI rAThoDa, "kacchanuM saMskRti darzana', pR. 275-76 31. da.5.khakhkhara, "Arkiyolojikala enDa ArkiTekacarala rimeinsa Ina dha provinsa oNva kaccha', naM. 43 32. dhRtapadya'ne badale "kRta vya' pAThanuM A zuddhikaraNa zrI ke.kA.zAstrIe kacchanA pahelA pravAsa (1966) daramyAna lekhavAcana parathI kareluM. 33. guaile, bhA. 7, naM. 220 34. khakhkhara, uparyukta naM. 24. zrI nA. ke. bhaSTie jUnAmAM jUno pALiyo saM. 1121no kahyo che (pathika, pu. 16, aM.5, pR. 39), 3pa. ejana naM. 33 6. pathika, varSa 6, aM. 10-11 (kaccha vizeSAMka 3), pR. 37, zrI bhaTTie A pALiyAnA - lekhanI miti saM. 1277 nI vAMcI che. ("UrminavaracanA', saLaMga aMka 545, pR. 256). 37. ejana, pR. 38 38. puSyakAMta vi. dhoLakiyA, "kaccha myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta zilpa-sthApatya', "svAdhyAya", 5. 17, aM. 1, pR. 57 39. ratilAla desAI, uparyukta, pu. 156, kaccha myujhiyamamAM saMgRhIta, dAMtIvADA (DIsA tA.)mAMthI upalabdha eka parikaranI besaNI parano saM. 1304no lekha che. (pathika, varSa 6, aM. 1-11, pR. 38). 40. khakhkhara, agAu mujaba, naM. 30 41. pathika, varSa 6, aM. 10-11 pR. 38; "svAdhyAya', pR. 17, aM. 1, pR. 58 42. khakhkhara, agAu mujaba; naM. 26 43. pathika, varSa 6, aM. 10-11, pR. 38 44. ratilAla desAI, uparyukta, pR. 160 45. ejana, pR. 159 46. pathika, uparyukta, pR. 37-38 (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 28) For Private and Personal Use Only

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aMdhaunI kSatrapa vasAhata ane kaccha myujhiyamanA kSatrapa zilAlekho zrI nareza aMtANI bhAratIya saMskRtinA eka aMgarUpa gujarAtanA purAtattvanA ane saMskRtinA ItihAsamAM kacchano siMhaphALo che. mAnava-ItihAsanI tavArIkhanA keTalAya cokkasa AMkaDAo, tema pramANo kacchanI bhUmimAMthI prApta thAya che. ApaNe itihAsa tapAsIe to haMmeza yAyAvara rahelAM ToLAMo-nirvAsitoe kacchanI dharatIne eka AzrayasthAna banAvyuM che. cheka prA-aitihAsika kALathI zarU thayela te prakriyA Adhunika kALa sudhI cAlu rahela, jene pariNAme apUrva ane akhaMDa (vividhatAmAM ekatA) evI saMskRtinuM ahIM nirmANa thayuM che. karoDo varSa jUnI pRthvInI utpattithI zarU thaI prAga aitihAsika kALa, Adya aitihAsika yuga, mauryayugu, yavanakAla, kSatrapAla, guptakAla, solaMkIyuga, muslimayuga, rAnIrajavADAM ane chelle briTiza yuga sudhInuM rekhAdarzana kacchanI bhUmi upara thAya che. A saMskRtionI pratIti karAvatA avazeSo kacchamAMthI maLatA rahyA che. AjathI paMdara karoDa varSa pahelAM jyAre A dharatInI bhUstararacanA thaI rahela hatI tyAranAM prAcIna jaLacaronA azmIbhUta avazeSo Aje paNa kacchamAMthI maLe che, to bhUja tAlukAnA loDAI gAmethI maLelAM laghu pASANayuganAM paththaranAM hathiyAronI noMdha AMtararASTriya stare levAI che. pAMca hajAra varSa jUnI siMdhu saMskRtinI vasAhatonA avazeSo kacchanAM dhoLAvIrA, dezalapura, zikArapura, pAbumaDa, guMtalI, surakoTaDA vagere jevAM sthaLoethI maLe che. A ja rIte kSatrapakAlIna avazeSo kacchanA khAsa karIne aMdhau ane bIjAM aneka sthaLoethI prApta thayA che. gujarAtamAMthI prApta thayela kSatrapanA tamAma zilAlekhomAMthI sauthI vadhu 11 (agiyAra) zilAlekho kacchamAMthI maLela che. kacchamAM I.sa. pahelI sadInA aMtamAM kuSANonuM zAsana pUrNa thayA pachI laharAta vaMzanA zaka zAsakonuM rAjya sthapAyuM. A pachI kArdamaka vaMzanA zekonuM zAsana AvyuM. pAchaLathI A zako kaccha sahita saMpUrNa gujarAta ane mALavAnA zAsako banyA. A vaMzano sthApaka tsAmotika hato; joke te kuSANono khaMDiyo rAjA hovAnuM manAya che. teno putra cAina svataMtra rAjavI banyo hato ane teNe potAnA rAjyanI sthApanAnI yAdagIrI kAyama karavA zaka saMvatanI zarUAta karI, je Aje ApaNaDha rASTriya saMvata che. kaccha mATe gauravanI vAta e che zaka saMvatanA AraMbha aMgenA bolAtA purAvArUpa zilAlekha aMdhaumAMthI maLyo che. A kArdamaka zako ke jemanI irAnI padavI "sepTepI" nA saMskRta svarUpe "kSatrapa" tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. kSatraponA kacchamAMthI maLI AvelA A zilAlekhoe ApaNA gauravarUpa ItihAsanI keTalIka khUTatI sAMkaLone joDI che tevuM ja mAtra nathI, paraMtu A zilAlekhoe ApaNA dezanA itihAsamAM navA adhyAyo paNa joDyA che. kSatrapakAlIna A zilAlekho vize vidvattApUrNa lakhANo, zodhapatro ane aneka pustako lakhAyAM che paraMtu Ama ItihAsarasikane A bhavya prAcIna vArasAnA itihAsa vize jANakArI maLe e mATe kacchamAM jayAMthI sauthI vadhu kSatrapa zilAlekho maLyA che te aMdhaunI kSatrapa vasAhata ane bhUjanA kaccha myujhiyamamAM rahela kSatrapa zilAlekho vize jANakArI upayogI raheze. kaccha jillAno baMnI pradeza eziyAnA zreSTha cariyANa pradeza tarIke jANIto che. mAtra A pradeza cariyANa tarIke ja nahi, paraMtu banInA aMdhaumAMthI maLelA kSatrapa zilAlekhoe A pradezane purAtattvanI daSTie paNa nAmanA apAvI che. Aje aMdAje 500 mANasonI vastI dharAvatuM aMdhau kacchanA pATanagara bhUjathI 80 ki.mI. uttara pazcime (ra3.46 uttara akSAMza ane 69.53 pUrva rekhAMza) AveluM che. aMdhau gAma e eka prAcIna vasAhata che. gujarAtamAM sauthI vadhu sAta kSatrapakAlIna zilAlekho ekalAM aMdhaumAMthI ja maLyA che. aMdhau be bhAgamAM vaheMcAyeluM che: jUnuM ane navuM. banne vacce TekarI che te jUnuM kSatrapakAlIna aMdha killebaMdhIvALuM nagara hatuM. hAlanI navI vasAhatathI te cAreka ki.mI. dUra che. killebaMdhIvALA jUnA aMdhaunA killAnAM avazeSo joI zakAya che. A jUnA killAne ahIM "allAha koTa" nA nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Ave che. aMdhau killAnA khaMDera cheka 1964 sudhI hayAta hatAM paraMtu 1965nA bhArata-pAka yuddha vakhate bhUjathI kuMvArabeTa sudhIno rasto banAvavAnI tAkIde jarUra paDatAM, (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 * 29) For Private and Personal Use Only

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khANamAMthI paththaro tAtkAlika kADhavAnuM zakya na banatAM A khaMDeranA paththaro temAM vAparavAmAM AvyA hatA. Aje e jUnA aMdhaune "zaruvALI bAMdhI' kahevAmAM Ave che, eTale ke "pALiyAvALI TekarI " tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che. vartamAnakALamAM aMdhInuM sthAna rAjakIya ke vANijaya daSTie mahattvanuM na hovA chatAM dezanA rAjakIya itihAsamAM tenuM mahattva anekagaNuM che, kAraNa ke agAu kahevAyuM tema kSatrapakAlIna sAta-sAta zilAlekho ekalAM aMdhaumAMthI ja maLyA che. ethI evuM jarUra kahI zakAya ke kSatrapAlamAM aMdhau kSatraponuM athavA to tatkAlIna gujarAtanuM vaDuM mathaka haze. sauprathama I.sa. 1898mAM kaccha rAjyanA raNachoDabhAI udayarAma dIvAnane zaka saMvata para (bAvana) I.sa. 130nA cAra la>ilekho (mRtyunoMdha lekha) maLyA. A zilAlekho I.sa. 1960 sudhI kacchanI Ijanera kacerInA sToramAM hatA, jayAMthI kalakattA vizvavidyAlayanA sthApaka ane bhArata sarakAranA pazcima vartuLanA adhyakSa zrI DI.Ara.bhAMDArakare prApta karI bhUjanA kaccha myujhiyamamAM khaseDAvyA hatA. - kaccha myujhiyamamAM kSatrapakALanA kula 11 zilAlekho che, jemAMthI sAta aMdhaumAMthI tathA anya zilAlekho vAMDha (mAMDavI), khAvaDA, mevAsA (rApara) tathA dolatapara (lakhapata) khAtethI prApta thayA che. A tamAma lekho brAhmI lipimAM prAkRtamizrita saMskRta bhASAmAM lakhAyA che. ahIM pradarzita karAyela A kSatrapazilAlekhomAMthI sauthI agatyano zilAlekha zaka saMvata 11 (I.sa.89)no che. A lekha kSatrapano sauthI jUno zilAlekha che, jemAM kSatrapa rAjA cANanano ullekha che. A zilAlekha 1968mAM kaccha yujhiyamanA tatkAlIna kyureTara zrI dilIpabhAI vaidyane prApta thayela che. A zilAlekha maLatAM bhAratIya itihAsanI eka moTI khoja maLela che. A lekha maLyA pahelAM je kSatrapa lekho maLyA tenI sAlavArI ukelI zakAI nahotI. A lekhathI e paNa puravAra karI zakAyuM ke zaka saMvatano sthApaka rAjA cAnTana hato. I.sa. 1898mAM prApta thayela zaka saMvata para (bAvana)- I.sa. 130nA cAra mRtyulekho myujhiyamamAM pravezatAM ja pradarzita karAyA che. A cAre lekhomAM rAjAnuM nAma aMkti che. mahAkSatrapa rAjA ddhadAmAnanA samayanA cAra zilAlekho paikI traNa lekho madana nAmanI vyaktie potAnI bahena kleivIrA, bhAI vRSabhadeva tathA patnI yazadAtAnI smRtimAM karAvela che, jyAre cotho lekha zreSThadata nAmanI vyaktie potAnA putra vRSabhadevanI smRtimAM karAvela che. A cAre vyaktionI smRtimAM A lakhilekha phAgaNa vada bIjanA divase sthApavAmAM Avela hoI koI dudaratI honArata ke rogacALAno bhoga A vyaktio banI hovAnuM anumAna karI zakAya che, joke jANItA purAtattvavida subodhakumAra agravAla evuM anumAna kare che ke lakhilekhamAM mRtyunA kAraNanI khabara paDatI nathI tethI A cAre vyaktio alaga alaga tithie mRtyu pAmela haze ane lekha eka ja divase sthApela hoya tevo paNa saMbhava che. cAre lekhamAM "phAguna bahulasa dvitIyA" varSa dvipaMcAse "evo ullekha che ane kSatrapa rAjavIo cAkhana, jayadAmA, ane rudradAmAno ullekha che. maranAra cAre eka parivAranI ja vyaktio che, jemAMnI traNa opazita athavA opaSTi gotranI che, jyAre eka zANeka gotranI anya eka kSatrapa lekha mAMDavI tAlukAnA vAMDha gAmethI maLela che. zaka saMvata 105 (I.sa.183) nA A lekhamAM rAjA mahAkSatrapa svAmI rudradAmAnA putra mahAkSatrapa rudrasiMhano ullekha che. A lekha paNa mRtyulekha che. kArtika vada 2 nI tArIkha darzAvato A lekha ajAmitra nAmanI vyaktie atimutaka gotranI sevikA (mahilA) nI smRtimAM sthApela che. A lekhanI chaThThI paMktimAM "kaza deza evo ullekha Ave che, to girinagaranA rudradAmAnA zailalekhamAM paNa "kaccha" no ullekha maLe che. Ama A abhilekhonA AdhAre kacchanI pUrvakAlInatA pazcimI kSatraponA zAsana samayathI AraMbhAya che. rAjA rudrasiMhano ja eka vadhu lekha aMdhau khAtethI maLela che, je zaka saMvata 114 (I.sa. 192) no che. A lekha paNa lakhrilekha ja che, paNa mRtakanuM nAma vAMcI zakAtuM nathI.' lakhapata tAlukAnA dolatapara gAmethI I.sa.1967mAM zodhI kADhavAmAM Avela eka abhilekhane staMbha abhilekha kahevo ucita che, kAraNa ke A lekha thAMbhalA jevI UMcI zilA upara kotaravAmAM Avela che. vaLI tenA lekhamAM paNa chellI (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 * 30) For Private and Personal Use Only

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lITImAM "thaMbhe bhikRte'" evuM vAMcI zakAya che. A lekhanI agatya eTalA mATe che ke temAM sarvaprathama vAra ja AbhIra rAjAno ullekha jovA maLe che. AbhIra rAjAnA ullekhavALo A gujarAtano sarvaprathama abhilekha che temAM AbhIra rAjA izvaradevanuM nAma vAMcI zakAya che, je sUcave che ke kSatrapakALamAM AbhIronuM astittva hatuM. zrI raseza jamInadAranuM mAnavuM che ke pazcimI kSatraponA zAsanakALamAM AbhIro vahIvaTIkAryomAM mukhyAdhipatio tarIke sthAna bhogavatA hovA joIe. dolatapara khAtethI ja eka kSatrapakAlIna mastaka maLI Avela che, je myujhiyamanA purAtattva vibhAmAM pradarzita karavAmAM Avela che. A mastaka viSNunuM che ke sUryanuM te spaSTa thatuM nathI, paNa kaccha myujhiyamamAM teno ullekha "sUryamu" tarIke karavAmAM Avela che. A aMge saMzodhana jarUrI che. aMdhau khAtethI anya eka kSatrapa zilAlekha rajI sadIno (122 se.mI. UMco tathA 28 se.mI. pahoLo) maLI Avela che. A zilAlekhanuM vaMcANa thayuM hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI, kemake tenI noMdha jovA maLela nathI. jo tenuM koIe vaMcANa karela hoya to tenI vigata lekhakane mokalavA vinaMtI che; joke myujhiyamamAM rahela lekha sAthenA lebalamAM A lekhamAM kSatrapavaMzanI prazasti hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. rApara tAlukAnA mevAsA khAtethI maLela trIjI sadInA AraMbhano eka lekha kSatraponI vaMzAvalI jANavAmAM madadarUpa thAya che. A lekha bhartRdAmAnA samayano che (zaka saMvata - 205 I.sa. 283) joke bhAratanA jANItA purAtattvavida bI. Disakara tene zaka saMvata 300no mAne che paraMtu zaka saMvata 205 ne ja adhikRta mAnavAmAM Ave che. rAjakoTanA vaoNTasana myujhiyamamAM rahela eka zilAlekhanI vigata paNa mevAsAnA lekhane maLatI Ave che. bhUja tAlukAnA khAvaDA khAtethI maLela rajI sadIno eka lekha myujhiyamanA saMgrahamAM che. 94 se.mI. nI UMcAI ane 74. se.mI. pahoLAI dharAvatA A lekhanI jADAI 31 se.mI. nI che. A zilAlekhanuM vAcana kaccha myujhiyamanA bhUtapUrva kyUreTara zrI je.ema.nANAvaTI ane gujarAtanA jANItA purAtattvavida zrI hariprasAda ga. zAstrIe kareluM che. A lekha kSatrapa rAjA rudradAmAnA samayano che ane rudradAmAnA ja samayanA jUnAgaDhanA lekha karatAM vahelA samayano che, eTale ke zaka saMvata 50 zrAvaNa vada - 5 nA samayagALAno che.dhanadeve potAnA pitAnI yAdamAM A lakhilekha sthApyo che. A lekhamAM paNa khAsa karIne kSatraparAjAnI vaMzAvaLI nAMdhAyelI che. tsAmotika, cASTana, jayadAmA, rudradAmA-1 A rItanAM rAjavInAM nAmo vaMcAya che. kacchamAMthI maLelA A zilAlekhonA AdhAre evuM anumAna karI zakAya ke gujarAtamAM pazcimI kSatrapono sauprathama vasavATa kacchamAM ane khAsa karIne aMdhaumAM ja zarU thayo hoya. I.sa. 89 thI I.sa. 283, arthAt zaka saMvata 11 thI 205 sudhI pazcimI kSatraponI satA kacchamAM TakI hoya. gujarAtanA dIrdhakAlIna itihAsamAM je mahattvanAM svataMtra rAjyonI gaNanA thAya che temAM pazcimI kSatraponuM prathama haroLamAM sthAna che. Ama gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsamAM kaccha pradezanuM pradAna aneruM che. kacchamAMthI maLI AvelA A zilAlekho ApaNA itihAsanI khUTatI sAMkaLo joDavAmAM madadarUpa puravAra thAya che, aMdhaunI dharatImAM haju paNa ghaNuM dharabAyeluM haze, jenuM utkhanana saveLA hAtha dharAya te jarUrI che. saMdarbha sUci H (1) kaccha saMskRti samasyAo ane samAdhAna. le-rAjarata gosvAmI, kyareTara, vaDodarA myujhiyama. (2) kacchamitra dIpotsavI, saMvata - 2044. (3) kaccha sAMskRtika patrikA, varSa-4 aMka 11-12, (4) grAmavikAsa. aMka-aprila-1970 mAnA zrI dilIpa ke.vaidyano lekha. (5) pathika dIpotsavI aMka saMvata-2017 mAno zrI je.ema.nANAvaTIno lekha. (6) ArTa kalcara enDa naeNcarala hisTarI oNpha kaccha : myujhiyama buleTina naM 26 mAno zrI agravAlano lekha. (7) SAKAS IN INDIA, By SATYA SHRAVA. pathika, dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 31 For Private and Personal Use Only

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) :- ja eka ter * I.sa. 1998mAM prApta thayela zaka saMvata para (bAvana) I.sa. 130nA mahAkSatrapa rAjA rudradAmananA samayanA traNa mRtyulekho - - ba . ". S zaka saMvata 11 (I.sa. 89)no casTana rAjAno rApara tAlukAnA mevAsA khAtethI maLela sau prathama kSatrapa abhilekha bhatRdAmanano zaka saMvata 205no abhilekha pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 * 32) For Private and Personal Use Only

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sArvabhaumatvanA pariprekSyamAM kacchanA zAsakonA khitAbo * DaoN. izvaralAla ojhA vizvanA koI paNa pradeza ke bhUbhAgano zAsaka potAnI rAjakIya oLakha ke anyanA mukAbale rAjakIya staranI sthiti spaSTa karavA eka yA bIjA prakAranA ilakAba, khitAba ke birudo dhAraNa karato hato. A prakAranAM birudo keTalAka saMjogomAM te svayaM dhAraNa karato ane kyAMka tenA karatAM viziSTa zakti dharAvanAra zAsaka taraphathI tene maLatAM hatAM. keTalAMka birudo viziSTa prasaMga, ghaTanA ke vijayanI yAdamAM paNa dhAraNa karavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. prAcIna yugamAM bhAratamAM rAjA, mahArAjA, mahArAjAdhirAja, paramezvara, paramabhaTTAraka ke cakravartI jevAM-birudo vizeSa pracalita hatAM. madhyakAlamAM muslima zAsakoe mIrajA, navAba, dIvAna, rAjA, sulatAna, zahenazAhai zAhAnuzAhI jevAM birudo dhAraNa karyAM hatAM. gujarAtamAM siddharAja jayasiMha jevA zAsake to mALavAnA vijayanI yAdamAM "avaMtinAtha" ke barbaraka ne harAvatI vakhate barbaraka jiSNu' jevAM birudo dhAraNa karyAM hatAM. prAcIna yugamAM pATalIputra ke kanojanI 'mahodayazrI'ne varavAnA koDa sevatA zAsako AsapAsa AdhipaMtyasUcaka birudo dhUmatAM hatAM. madhyakAlamAM bhAratanI rAjakIya gatividhionuM kendra dilhI banatAM A birudo dilhInA zAsakanA saMmAnyo AsapAsa ghUmavA lAgyAM, badalAyelAM saMjogomAM mahArAjAdhirAja' jevAM sArvabhaumatvasUcaka birudo paNa dilhInA zAsakanI rAjakIya sthitinA saMdarbhamAM aprastuta banI gayAM. kacchanA zAsakoe paNa nagara samai, kAbula, amadAvAda ane dilhInA zAsako sAthenA rAjakIya saMbaMdho spaSTa karavA jAma, rAva, mahArAva, mIrajA ane mahArAjAdhirAja jevAM birudo dhAraNa karI sArvabhaumatvanA saMdarbhamAM potAnI sthiti uttarottara baLavattara karI. A viSayano abhyAsa atyaMta rasika che. kacchanA dIrdhakAlIna itihAsamAM tevA zAsako dvArA kramazaH dhAraNa karAyela ke prApta thayela khitAbono vRttAMta sArvabhaumatvanA saMdarbhamAM A pramANe che. jAma : kacchanA jADejA zAsako potAnA vaMzanA zAsananA prAraMbhika kAlamAM potAne jAma' tarIke oLakhAvatA hatA. pAchaLathI temanA rAjakIya saMmAnamAM parivartana AvatAM 'jAma' khitAbano tyAga karyo. kacchanA mahArAjyanI eka zAkhA evA navAnagaranA zAsako cheka AjhAdI sudhI potAne jAma' tarIke oLakhAvatA hatA. temanA zAsanavistAra-hAlAra pradezanuM pATanagara 'navAnagara' ke 'islAmanagara' tarIke thoDA samaya mATe oLakhAyuM che, jyAre Aje tene jAmanagara sivAyanA anya nAme oLakhavuM muzkela che. Ama 'jAma' zabda ApaNane ciraparicita lAge che. gujarAtanA sAmAnya janamAnasa para Ajeya oDho jAma ane hothala padamaNI chavAI gayAM che. pAkistAnanA lAsabelAnA jADejA zAsako muslima thaI gayA chatAM Aje paNa potAne 'jAma' tarIke oLakhAve che. aitihAsika pariprekSyamAM joIe to kacchamAM A khitAba sarvaprathama dhAraNa karanAra jAma rAyadhaNa hato. teNe A khitAba I.sa. 1464mAM dhAraNa karyo hato, jyAre yaduvaMzanA karNopakarNa praNAlikAgata vRttAMta pramANe devendranA trIjA putra narapate gajhanInA zAsaka phirojazAhano vadha karIne aphadhAnistAna jItI lIdhuM tyAre teNe jAma khitAba dhAraNa karelo. zAsaMkanA *(yUtha DevalopamenTa borDa kaccha-pAritoSika vijetA nibaMdha) pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 233 For Private and Personal Use Only

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khitAba tarIke "jAmano prathama upayoga A samaye thayelo dekhAya che. tyArabAda siMdha, kaccha ane saurASTranA keTalAka zAsakonA saMdarbhamAM upayoga zarU thayo. "jAma" khitAbanuM mULa - saurASTra temaja kacchanA jADejA zAsakoe "jAma" khitAba kaI rIte apanAvyo te vize vidvAnomAM judA judA mata pravarte che, jemAMnA keTalAka A pramANe che : (1) jamazeda parathI - eka mata evo che ke irAnanA mahAna samrATa jamazeda parathI "nAma zabda prayojAyo che. abUla phajhala potAnA graMtha AInA-e-akabarImAM noMdhe che ke "muhamada bIna kAsImanA maraNa pachI siMdhanuM sArvabhaumatva banatamAma anasArI pAse AvyuM. tyArabAda siMdhanA zAsako samA ane sumarA thayA. A samAo pote ja jamazedamAMthI UtarI AvyA tevuM mAnatA hatA. pariNAme potAne jAma' tarIke oLakhAvatA." abUlajhalanA A matane pRSTi ApatAM DaoN. Ara.sI.majUmadAra paNa noMdhe che ke "samAvaMzanA tamAma rojAo "jAma' khitAba dharAve che, kAraNa ke teo potAne jamazedanA vaMzajo mAne che. e ja rIte kaThavAsa nAmanI siMdhanI eka anya jAtinA paNa potAne jamazedamAMthI utarI AvelA mAne che. karnala ToDa mAne che ke samAo muslima thayA pachI zaramAtA tethI potAno vaMza temaNe pArasI rAjA jamazeda sAthe joDyo. hindu muslima AkarSaNamAMthI temaNe trIjo mArga kADhyo. (2) zyAma parathI - zrI zaMbhuprasAda desAI noMdhe che ke "yAdavo potAnA nAma AgaLa zyAma ane pAchaLa yAdava lakhatA . dA.ta. zyAma devavrata yAdava, zyAma kumakuma yAdava. evuM akabara vize paNa che. te akabara" pAchaLa lakhato. dA.ta. mahamUda jalAluddIna akabara. turkImAM "zyAma", "sAma tarIke lakhAya. ane uccAra 'jhAma thAya tethI koI kAle temAMthI "jAma thayuM. * (3) pratApI pUrvaja parathI :- jahona vilsananA mata mujaba jAmano khitAba jADejAomAM temanA siMdhamAMnA koI vaDA parathI Avyo hoya tema lAge che. jyAre bIjI jagyAe te jaNAve che ke kacchanA zAsakone "jAma khitAba pAchaLanI asara tarIke maLyo lAge che. samAoe I.sa.151mAM siMdha jItyuM tyAM sudhI teo A khitAba dharAvatA hatA. " (4) veNInAthano mata - "jAmavijaya' nAmanA graMthamAM tenA kartA veNInAtha jAmanI vyutpatti ApatAM noMdhe che ke, "te pivaDazAstajimnasamavera . tenA nAma rUvadha nAma sArvayam " arthAta jenA tejamAM zatruo jamAI jAya aMjAI jAya te jAma. (5) darabArI dRSTikoNa :- eka adhikRta pagavyavahAramAM bhUjanA resiDenTane "jAma' nAma zAnA parathI AvyuM e praznano javAba ApavAmAM Avyo che. A praznAvalInA pratyuttaramAM jaNAvyA pramANe, "narapate jyAre gajhanA zahera lIdhuM ane potAnI ToLI jamAvI tyAre enA potAnA pakSavALAoe temaja te pradezanA lokoe emane jAma evA mAnakArI nAmathI bolAvyA, kAraNa ke moTA saradAro ane moTA mANaso mATe e zabda te dezamAM vaparAto hato." 9 : (6) zrI trivedIno mata :- zrI AtmArAma kezavajI dvivedI "jAma' khitAba mATe uparyukta matothI taddana alaga maMtavya vyakta kare che. temanA jaNAvyA pramANe "devamAtaMganA vaMzamAM mArga nAme prakhyAta puSa. giranAra jatAM rAyadhaNanA darabAramAM Avyo. rAyadhaNe potAnA pUrvajonA mAnelA jANI mAna ApyuM ane te cAlyo tyAre potAnA cAra kuMvaro sahita potAnI hada sudhI vaLAvavA nIkaLyo. rastAmAM cAlatAM jAla pAse AvyA tyAre rAyadhaNe devanuM citta prasanna joI potAnA kuMvaro vAste AzIrvacana mAgyuM. deve kahyuM : teo cAre jaNa "jAma kahevAze."10 (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 34 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jAma' zabdArtha ane upayoga :- jAma' zabdano upayoga paNa prAcIna samayamAM judA judA arthamAM karavAmAM Avato hato. khitAba sivAya tenA nIce pramANe keTalAka artha maLatA hatA : . (1) mApa-aMtara - prAcIna kALamAM dariyAI mApa jAma' ke "jhAma tarIke oLakhAtuM hatuM. Adhunika mApa-aMtaranA ekamamAM teno khyAla meLavavAno berana hemare niSphaLa prayata karyo che, kAraNa ke sIdI alIe teno artha narakUTathI karyo che, jayAre prinsesa nodhe che tema nAviko ane dariyAkheDuo teno artha bAra noTikala mAIla karatA hatA. "kAlIkaTathI lakSadvipanI chavIsamI dariyAI saphara" nAmanA graMthamAM nava DigrI khADInA sthaLanirdeza vize jaNAvAyuM che ke te kAlIkaTathI be "jAma' nai-tyamAM ane AThathI nava jAma naiRtya-pazcimamAM che. A prakAranAM mApa "dIvathI mallAkAnI sattAvIsamI dariyAI saphara" nAmanA pustakamAM paNa ApavAmAM Avela che. taduparAMta DellAvalle paNa potAnA dariyAI pravAsanAM saMsmaraNomAM noMdhe che ke "irAnI akhAtamAM Araba ane IrAnI khelADIo "jAma " nAmanA dariyAI mApa ne sAtheno tulanAtmaka koSThako paNa ApavAmAM AvyAM che. A uparAMta jemsa prinsepa nAmano eka artha iMcano AThamo bhAga Ape che. ApaNe A mApane ApaNA "javavA" ane "talavA' sAthe sarakhAvI zakIe. . (2) prahara :- baMgALanI raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTInA upakrame vAMcela eka zodhapatramAM jemsa prinsepa nodhe che tema pahelAM divasa ane rAtrinA ATha bhAga pADavAmAM AvatA ane dareka bhAgane "jAma ke "jhama kahyAmAM Avato hato. ApaNA prahara jevo "jAma'no artha gaNAya, sa-yAma". (3) vRta - "jAma no eka bIjo artha bhaugolika DigrIno pAMcamo bhAga karavAmAM Avato hato. heriyUla ane e.sI, barnela keTalAka pradezomAM pArthiva vRtamApa (TERRESTRIAL) mATe jAma ke "jhAma'no upayoga thato tema noMdhe che. niSkarSa - Ama 'jAma' zabdano artha, upayoga ane mULa saMbaMdhe judA judA mata pravarte che. jamazeda sAthe "jAmano saMbaMdha prasthApita karanAra vidvAnono mata dhAraNAo para AdhArita che, jene yathArtha AdhAranI AvazyakatA che, jyAre veNInAtha dvArA vyutpanna artha kavinI narI kalpanA mAtra che ane tene Imitrasa sAthe koI saMbaMdha hoya tema lAgatuM nathI. zrI. AtmArAma kezavajI dvivedInA matamAM "rAjApadano daivI aMzano siddhAMta"no Azraya levAmAM Avyo che temAM vizeSa koI pratipAdita thatuM nathI. bIjI bAju zrI zaMbhuprasAda desAIno mata "zyAmanuM jAma thavuM" te svIkArIe to ApaNe eTaluM cokkasa karI zakIe ke "jAma' khitAba svadezI to nathI ja. pUlanA mata pramANe "jAma' zabda balUca mULano che. AjhAdI pahelAM dakSiNa siMdhamAM aneka jAmavaMzIya zAsako tathA jamInadAro hatA, jemAM lAsabelA ane kalAta temanAM moTAM rAjyo hatAM. alIzerapAnIkRta tupha-tula-kirAmamAM paNa aneka jAmavaMzIya zAsakonAM nAma maLe che. " pUlanA uparyukta mata sAthe laoNnga vartha Dessa sahamata nathI. te noMdhe che ke "jAma' zabdano upayoga balUcI bhASAmAM thato hovA chatAM paNa mane te balUcI mULano lAgato nathI, saMbhavataH te sidhI zabda che. vaLI prApta mAhitIne AdhAre huM jANuM chuM ke A zabdano khitAba tarIke balUco upayoga karatA nathI, ene badale jata ane rAjapUtonI dezI ke sthAnika jAtio teno upayoga kare che. lAsabelAno jAma A jAtino che temane "jAmahata" tarIke oLakhavAmAM Ave che, "jAma' tarIke nahi, jayAre DerAgAjhIkhAna jillAmAM A jAtinA amIro "jAmano khitAba dhAraNa kare che, jemAMnA koI balUca nathI. A jillAnI "jAma' khitAbano mukhyatve upayoga karatI jAti "udhAna' che, jyAre DerAgAjhIkhAna jillAnA mocIonA mate to "jAma mAnavAcaka takhallusa che." 15 ( pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 35) For Private and Personal Use Only

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10 'jAma' zabdano saMbaMdha irAna sAthe joDanArAomAM vaoNkara ane mUra jevA vidvAnono paNa samAveza thAya che. 6 temanI A vicArasaraNI daMtakathAo para AdhArita che. irAnI vize 'jhaMDapImo' ane 'jamaseda pImokSeto' sAthe 'jAma' zabdano saMbaMdha che te sAbita karavA mATe temanI pAse koI pratItikara AdhAra nathI. bhAratanA uttara-pazcima vistAramAM 'jAma' zabdano sAmAnya artha 'muslima zAsaka' karavAmAM Ave che. siMdhanA hinduzAsaka timAjInA vArasoe islAma aMgIkAra karyo tyArabAda arthAt I.sa. 1380 AsapAsa 'jAma' zabdano artha vizeSa pracalita banyo. 18 uparyukta carcAne aMte spaSTa thAya che ke jADejAoe 'jAma' khitAba eka kAraNe nahi, paraMtu aneka paribaLone lIdhe dhAraNa karyo hato. sarvaprathama te saMmAna sUcaka hovAne kAraNe te svIkAravAnuM temAM vizeSa pralobhana hatuM, paNa teno upayoga 'tuhapha-tula-kirAma'mAM ullikhita zAsako, lAsabelA tathA kalAta nAmono DerAgAjhIkhAnanA amIro, dakSiNa siMdhanA nAnA moTA rAjAo, jato ane rAjapUto jevA zAsaka varga karato hato tethI paNa tene svIkAravAmAM Avyo. vaLI kacchanA jADejAonA pUrvajone potAnA prAcIna pUrvajono khyAla bhArata bahAra lupta thato gayo hoya tethI madhyaeziyAnA A videzI zabdanA phaeNzanarUpa AkarSaNe temane 'jAma'no khitAba karavA preryA ane aMte to teno saMbaMdha jamazeda jevA mahAna rAjavI sAthe hato tethI tene apanAvavAmAM sAmAjika stara UMco UThato hato. vaLI rAjApadamAM daivI aMzanA umeraNa mATe paNa Avo khitAba dhAraNa karavo Avazyaka hato. taduparAMta teno sAmAnya artha pAchaLathI 'muslima zAsaka' rUDha thayo tethI dhArmika dRSTie dUdha ane dahIMmAM paga rAkhavA mATe paNa lAMbA samaya sudhI tene vaLagI rahevAmAM DahApaNa hatuM tethI jyAre eka muslima sulatAne (mahamUda begaDo) temane 'rAva'no khitAba Apyo tyAre 'jAma' choDI devAyo. rAva : 'rAva'no khitAba dhAraNa karanAra kacchanA zAsaka kheMgArajI prathama hatA. kacchanA itihAsamAM temanuM atyaMta noMdhapAtra sthAna che. bhAratIya itihAsamAM mauryavaMzIya caMdragupata jeTaluM e mahattva dharAve che. kacchIoe temane 'kacchanA kArtikeya' kahIne yogya aMjali ApI che, kAraNa ke kacchanuM rAjakIya ekIkaraNa pUruM karanAra e kacchI bismArka hato. tene paNa bismArka jeTalAM ja yuddho laDavAM paDyAM hatAM. kadAca teNe laDelAM yuddhonI bhayaMkaratA seDAna tathA saMDovA jevI nahi hoya. teNe bhUjanI gAdI para navA vaMzanI sthApanA karI, jene ApaNe 'rAvavaMza' tarIke oLakhAvI zakIe. atyAra sudhI 'jAma'nuM videzI biruda dhAraNa karato kacchano zAsaka have potAne 'rAva' tarIke oLakhAvato thayo. 'rAva' pada dhAraNa karavAnA saMdarbhe kacchanAM sAdhano jaNAve che ke siMhanA humalAnI ghaTanA vakhate kheMgAre mahamUda begaDAno jIva bacAvyo tyAre sulatAnanA moMmAMthI sAhajika rIte 'tuma to baDe rAva ho' jevA udgAro nIkaLI gayA.19 tyArathI jAmano khitAba jAmanagara pAse rahyo ane bhUje rAvanI padavI dhAraNa karI tema kahevAya che. A ghaTanAne 'mirAte ahamadI' tathA 'mirAte sikaMdarI' jevI racanAono Teko nathI. tethI prasaMga zaMkAspada che, paraMtu tenuM hArda to aitihAsika ja che. kacche dilhIthI svataMtra thayelI gujarAtanI ahamadamAzAhI saltanatane potAnA sArvabhauma tarIke svIkAravAnA badalAmAM 'rAva' khitAba meLavI lIdho hoya te saMbhavita che, eTalu ja nahi, A ghaTanAthI jAma rAvaLano paNa koI dAvo kaccha para nahiM rahe tevuM sUcita thayuM. 'rAva' khitAbanuM mahattva : TUMkamAM, rAvanA khitAbe rAvaLane paNa potAnuM zu sthAna che te batAvI ApyuM. muMbaI gaeNjheTiyaranA kartA noMdhe che tema 'rAva' karatAM 'rAvaLa' nimna starano khitAba hato,20 jayAre 'rAva' e 'rAjA' nI samakakSa hato. A khitAba vaMzano vaDo ja dhAraNa karI zakato hato, jyAre rAjAo, pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 036 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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rANIo, rAvo ane rAvaLonA putro 'kuMvara' kahevAtA. A kuMvaronA putro "ThAkura' gaNAtA. ThAkurano moTo putra bhUmiyA' (jamInadAra) kahevAto, jene sAmAnya janatA garAsiyA tarIke oLakhatI. gujarAtamAM rAjapUto ane muslima darabAro ke AvA jamInadAro mATe garAsiyA zabda pracalita thayo che. rAvanuM mULa: je krIsTa nAmanA eka vidvAnanA mate keTalAka semeTika sikkAo para "rAva' nA mULa jevo "e" ERU zabda che. A zabdano uccAra asiriyano "revu' REU karatA hatA. Debika nAmano jarmana vidvAna eno artha "bharavADono rAjA' kare che. A rIte jo "rAva' zabda nuM mULa madhyaeziyAI hoya to kaccha sudhI patharAyelI mAladhArI prajA A arthane Teko Ape che. vaLI bhAropIya bhAi bhUmikAmAM AvA ghaNA samAna zabdo maLe che tethI kacchanA zAsaka mATe "rAva' biruda baMdhabesatuM gaNAya. "rAva'no uccAra kacchamAM varSo sudhI "rAu tarIke thato hato. 17mI sadInA lekho ane ogaNIsamI sadInA lekhomAM paNa "rAu' ja vaMcAya che, jyAre keTalAka lekhomA'rAja' zabda rAvanI jagyAe mUkavAmAM Avato hato.. mahArAva :- jAmanagaramAM jAmarAvaLanI chaThThI peDhIe rAjaya karatA jAma raNamallanuM I.sa. 1664mAM maraNa thayuM. lAkhA nAmanA eka rAThoDa rAvatanI kUkhe avatarela kuMvarane tenI pAchaLa gAdIe besADavAnA prayato thayA, paNa raNamallano bhAI rAyasiMga kacchanA rAva tathA bIja jADejAonI madadathI gAdIe beTho, tethI raNamallanI vidhavA tathA malika isA nAmano nokara lAkhAnAM hakka mATe soraThanA phojadAra kutubuddIna khAna pAse AvyA.rapa e vakhate kutubuddIna khAna amadAvAdamAM kAmacalAu sUbo hato. chevaTe A prazana samrATane soMpAyo. samrATe nirNaya Apyo ke rAyasiMga pAsethI gAdI paDAvI levAmAM Ave ane bALa bhatrIjA sattAjIne gAdI ApavAmAM Ave." _katubuddInakhAne navAnagara jaI yuddha karIne rAyasiMhane mArI nAkhyo. navAnagara kabaje karIne enuM nAma islAmanagara rAkhyuM. rAyasiMhano putra tamAcI nAnI uMmarano hato te nAsI gayo ane kacchamAM Azara laI rahyo.2 rAyasiMhe jAmanagaramAM be varSa rAjya karyuM. khaMbhALiyA pAse teno pALiyo che. navAnagarane islAmanagara nAma apAyAnI khabara jayAre kacchamAM Azraya laI rahelA tamAcIne paDI tyAre te baLavo karIne okhAmaMDaLa gayo ane yuddha cAlu rAkhyuM. tenI 30OOnI phoja kutubudInanA putra mahamada sAme hArI chatAM te hiMmata hAryo nahi, kAraNa ke tene kacchano Teko hato. prAgamallajIe potAnA putra goDajIne laDavA sAthe mokalyo hato. gujarAtamAM sUbA tarIke mahArAjA jazavaMtasiMha AvatAM teNe potAno kesa rajU karyo. pariNAme tenA hakkano svIkAra thayo. mughala samrATe paNa tene mAphI ApI. Ama navAnagara kaccha- samarthita tamAcIne maLyuM tethI kacchanA rAve "mahArAva'nuM biruda dhAraNa karyuM che ane kaccha karelI madadanA badalAmAM tamAcIe bAlaMbhAno killo kacchane Apyo. rAyadhaNa bIjAnA samayamAM A killo ja phatehamahamada mATe jAmanagara para savArIonuM nimitta banyo hato. "mahArAvanuM mahattva : kacchane mana A prasaMganuM vizeSa mahattva hatuM, kAraNa ke cheka hamIrajIthI rAva ane rAvaLano saMgharSa cAlato hato. rAjakIya staranI dRSTie rAva caDiyAtA ja gaNAtA hatA, paraMtu vyavahAramAM koI nirNAyaka vijaya kacchane maLyo nahoto. jAmanagara jAma rAvaLa pachI keTalIya vakhata kaccha meLavavAnAM abharakhA sevyA haze, paraMtu te azakya hatuM. rAyasiMhanA maraNa pachI kacchane taka maLI gaI ane jAmanagarane * saM. rAjJAnuM prA.rUpa pAme che ane apabhraMza rUpa rAsa che, je vartamAna samaya sudhImAM Avato "rAva' svAbhAvika rIte AvI rahe che. jUnAgaDhanA cUDAsamAo rA' lagAvatA hato te apa. 3 nuM TUMka rUpa ja che, jema ke "rA' navadhaNa" vagere -saMpAdaka (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 37) For Private and Personal Use Only

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duzmana banAvyA sivAya pote A rIte "mahArAva' banI zakyA. mughalo sAthenA yuddhamAM rAva prAgamallanA putra goDajIno sAro sahakAra hato nahitara tamAcI 30OOnI phoja taiyAra karI zake nahi. uparAMta rAjA jazavaMtasiMhe paNa aMte vAstavikatA svIkArI samrATano abhiprAya pheravyo haze. Ameya jAmanagarano vaMza kacchanA bhAyAtano vaMza hato. bhAyAta sivAyanAne gAdI maLe te kacchathI kema sahana thAya? 32 TUMkamAM, kaccha yudhiSThira jevI "vayaM paMcASika zatam" nI nIti apanAvI. tamArI je sUbA tarIke rahe to tene jAmanagara zahera soMpI devAnI lAlaca mughaloe ApelI, paraMtu prAgamalajIne potAno bhAI AvI gulAmI kare te pasaMda nahi hoya, pariNAme tamAcIe aDadhA, paraMtu svataMtra hAlArathI saMtoSa mAnyo. Ama pazcima bhAratanA A dvIpakalpamAM sattAnI samatulAno nAnakaDo prayoga karIne, vijayI thaIne kaccha bahAra AvyuM. ' mahArAjAdhirAja: dezaLajInA putra lakhapatajInA vakhatano yAdagAra banAva kacchanA zAsakone maLela mahArAjAdhirAja' ane "mIrajAnAM birudono hato. "mahArAjAdhirAja khitAba kAbUlanA e vakhatanA zAsaka mahamadazAha pAsethI kacchanA elacI tulasIdAse meLavyo hato.4 "mahArAjAdhirAja' khitAbano artha e vakhate "svataMtra ane sArvabhauma" thato haze ke kema te zaMkAspada che. siMdhanA eka bhAga tarIke kaccha para aphadhAnistAnA zAsakono dAvo hato. ghaNI vakhata AvazyakatAnusAra kacchanA rAvoe e dAvAnI rUe madada paNa mAgI hatI. tethI jyAre jemsa barnsa siMdha gayo tyAre siMdhanA amIra kaccha jItavAnA manasUbA sevatA hatA.35 aMgrejo e kaccha jItyuM ke turata ja aphaghAnIstAnanA zAsake briTiza gavarnara - janarala mArkavIsa oNpha hesTiMgsane eka patra lakhyo hato. A patrano abhyAsa karatAM spaSTa thAya che ke aphaghAna navAba sarabulaMdakhAnane kacchanA zAsakano khitAba ApavAmAM Avyo hato. TUMkamAM, aphaghAnistAna kacchane potAnA sAmrAjyamAM gaNatuM hatuM tethI A khitAba meLavIne lakhapatajIe videzanItinA kSetre sArI saphaLatA hAMsala karI. mIrajA : Avo ja bIjo khitAba lakhapatajInA vakhatamAM temanA sAcA sArvabhauma mughala samrATa pAsethI maLyo tene kAraNe kacchanI sAthe lakhapatajInuM mahattva vadhI gayuM. A khitAba prApta karavA mATe prathama temaNe dilhImAM potAno elacI mUkyo. tyAra bAda eka pachI eka pratinidhimaMDaLo mokalyAM. temanI sAthe vizvavikhyAta kacchI ghoDA ane gujarAtI baLada tathA bIjAM najarANAM tema arajIo e vakhatanA mughala samrATa phiradausa ArAmagAha pAse mokalyAM. AvI ja bheTo teNe sAmrAjyanA kArabhArIo para paNa mokalAvI. Ane lIdhe chevaTe lakhapatajIne eka manasaba maLI ane tene "mIrajA rAjA lakhapata' nAmanA khitAbatha riA rAjA lakhapata' nAmanA khitAbathI saMmAnita karavAmAM Avyo. A khitAba ghaNo ja agatyano hato ane te zarUAtamAM mughala kuTuMbanA mANasone ja apAto hato. pachI te vizvAsu-aMgata-jamaNA hAtha jevA mANasone ApavAmAM Avato. Avo khitAba jayapuranA mahArAjA jayasiMha dharAvatA hatA te parathI tenA mahattvano khyAla Ave che. teno upayoga "mahArAvanI sAthe kacchanA lakhapata pachInA zAsakoe karyo hato. "mahArAjAdhirAja' zabda anya ullekhomAM ocho vaparAyo che, paraMtu "mIrajA' to sarvasAmAnya hato. A khitAba koNe Apyo te vize judA judA mughala samrATonAM nAma maLe che. kaccha darabAranAM sAdhano tenuM nAma ahamadazAha Ape che. "mIrAte ahamadI' phiradausa ArAmazAhanuM nAma Ape che. zrI nAgAMdhI AlamagIra jaNAve che, 39 paraMtu e to hakIkata che ke kacchanA zAsakane A khitAba saMvata 1803mAM maLyo. e vakhate mahamadazAha nAmano samrATa dilhIpati hato. zrI nayagAMdhI khitAba ApavAnuM kAraNa kacchanI mughala samrATane karavAmAM AvelI lazkarI madada gaNe che. A madada mATe teo koI AdhAra ApatA nathI. TUMkamAM, pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 38) For Private and Personal Use Only

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mahArAvanI adamya icchAmAMthI ja A khitAba prApta thayo hato. mAhImirAtaba yA mAhemurAtaba H- lakhapatajIne 'mIrajA' khitAbanI sAthe sAthe eka sonAnI mAchalI paNa mughala samrATa taraphathI ApavAmAM AvI hatI. tene 'mAhImirAtaba' ke mAhemurAtaba' kahevAmAM AvatI hatI. A mAchalInuM hamaNAM sudhI bhUjamAM saraghasa kADhavAmAM AvatuM, A uparAMta A vakhate DhAla ane talavAra paNa bheTa apAyelI. Aje paNa te AyanA mahelamAM AvelA hIrAmahelanI gAdI para paDelI che. samApana : Ama kacchanA zAsakoe kacchanuM bhAratIya saMdhamAM vilInIkaraNa thayuM tyAMsudhI AvA aneka khitAbo dhAraNa karIne potAnA sArvabhaumatvane adhikRta rIte prasthApita karavAnA prano karyA hatA, paraMtu mIrajA mahArAva rAyadhaNajI bIjAnA samayanA phatehamahamadanA zAsananA dvitIya tabakkAnAM keTalAMka varSone bAda karatAM temAM saphaLatA maLI nahotI. 'jAma' 'rAva' 'mahArAva' 'mIrajA' zabdomAM kyAMya sArvabhaumatvano aNasAra Avato nathI, 'mahArAjAdhirAja' khitAba kacchanA zAsakane je paristhitimAM prApta thayo te kAlamAM sArvabhaumatvanA saMdarbhamAM aprastuta banI gayo hato. pUrve jaNAvyA pramANe A khitAba lakhapatajI mATe dIvAna jozI tulasIdAse kAbUlanaH e vakhatanA zahenazAha mahamahazAha pAsethI meLavI Apyo hato. Ano artha prAcIna ane madhyakAla mujaba svataMtra ane sArvabhauma karavAmAM jokhama che. je yugamAM A khitAba kAbUla taraphathI kacchane maLyo te yuga aphaghAnistAnano suvarNayuga nathI. jo A vakhate aphaghAnistAna majabUta hota to kadAca A zobhAno khitAba paNa kacchanA rAvane maLI zakyo nahota, kAraNa ke aphaghAnistAna potAnA sAmrAjyanA bhAga tarIke siMdhane gaNatuM hatuM ane siMdhanA sthAnika zAsako kacchane siMdhano ja eka bhAga gaNatA hatA. Ama kaccha para sArvabhaumatva aphaghAnistAnanuM hatuM tema varSothI mAnavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. A adhikArane prasthApita karavAnI aphaghAna zAsakomAM zakti nahotI, pariNAme kaccha para vAstavamAM mughala samrATonuM sArvabhaumatva pratyakSa rahyuM hatuM: marAThA sAmrAjyavAdanA udaya pachI mughalonA vArasadAra tarIke marAThAo paNa nAmanuM ja sArvabhaumatva kaccha para dharAvatA hatA, teno khyAla pezavAe hijarI saMvata 1205mAM gAyakavADane Apela daza varSanI mudatanI eka sanada parathI Ape che. A sanaMdamAM je pradezo para gAyakavADano adhikAra svIkAravAmAM Avyo hato temAM kacchano paNa samAveza thato hato, eTaluM ja nahi, temAM nagaraThaThThA ane siMdhu sAgarano paNa samAveza thaI jato hato. 40 41 Ama mughalo pachI marAThAo kaccha para nAmanuM sArvabhaumatva dharAvato hatA, eTaluM ja nahi, kaccha pezavA tathA gAyakavADa baMneno saMyukta khaMDiyo pradeza hato. A uparAMta kacchanI pUrva taraphanAM ane mALavAnA ucca pradezanI pazcimanA samagra pradezamAM phelAyelAM tamAma rAjapUta rAjyo paNa gAyakavADanAM khaMDiyAM hatAMre tethI kaccha marAThAonA sArvabhaumatvamAMthI bacI na zake. Ama aphaghAnistAna kacchanA zAsakane 'mahArAjAdhirAja' no khitoba ApIne koI aupacArikatA pUruM karatuM hatuM tenAthI vizeSa tenuM mahattva nathI. Ama chatAM 'mahArAjAdhirAja' khitAba kacchanAM darabArI ane khAnagI sAdhanomAM dekhAya che, jyAre rAyadhaNajI bIjAnA samaya (I.sa. 1778 thI 1873)mAM aMgrejo ane anya sattAo sAthenAM saMdarbhamAM A khitAba vaparAyela nathI. Ama kacchanA zAsakono vividha khitAbono abhyAsa karatAM spaSTa thAya che ke temaNe eka pachI eka uccastarIya khitAbo prApta karyA, paraMtu dilhI ke amadAvAdanA zAsako jevuM ane jeTaluM sArvabhaumatva prAptakarI zakyA nahotA. pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 39 * For Private and Personal Use Only

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www.kom Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir >> che chaM = = = 12. The. parizrama, harizvaramahAdevanI poLa, visanagara-384316 pAdanoMdha 1. dezAI zaMbhuprasAda, "saurASTrano itihAsa," pRSTha 196 Wilsom John, "History of the Suppresrsion of Infanticideim Western India', page 16 abUlaphajhala (saM, blocamena) "AInA-e-akabarI', graMtha bIjo, pRSTha-2 bhAratIya vidyAbhavana zreNI, dilhI saltanata', pRSTha-223. TI. jemsa, pazcima bhArata kI yAtrA", pRSTha-479 dezAI zaMbhuprasAda, "uparyukta", pRSTha-196 Wilson John, op cit, p-56. Ibid and Foot - note on page 168 svadeza dIpotsavI, vi.saM. 1987, pRSTha-54 ane Government Selection No. 15, New Series page 206-7. dvivedI AtmArAma kezavajI, "kaccha dezano itihAsa', pRSTha - 2-4. Yule Herry and Burnnel A.C. "Hobson Jobson', page-447 Ibid, p-448 13. Ibid, p-447 14. dezAI zaMbhuprasAda, "uparyukta', pRSTha193 94. Yule Herry and Burnnell A.C. op-cit, page-447. 16. raza bruka viliyama ela. epha, "kArA DuMgara kacchajA,' pRSTha-71 17. Wilson John, op-cit, page-57. 18. cokasI nAjUkalAla naMdalAla, dilhI tavArIkha', pRSTha-45. 19. dvivedI AtmArAma kezavajI, uparyukta', pRSTha-35 20. Campbell James Acnabb, "Gazetteer of the Bonbay Preidency', Vol-I, Part-I, page-25. 21. 'Transactions of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol, 63, p-128. rAvazrI rAyadhaNajI pahelAnA kuMvara prAgajInA vi.saM. 174ranA aMjAragaDhanA lekhanI bIjI, trIjI ane cothI paMkti o pramANe che.H . aMjara sthAne zrI ajepALa rAuzrI rAaNajI kUerazrI prAgajI aMjArano gaDha karAvo". kaMthakoTanA sUryamaMdarinA pUrvabhAganA koTaDAmAMnA paththaranA TukaDAomAMthI eka 7 X 6" nA corasA paranA vi.saM. 1716nA lekhanI cothI ane pAMcamI lITI A pramANe che. zrI hAlAjI....... rAjamadhe rAuzrI tamA cIjAnArA......... caraNe para 23. aMjAra nA ajepALanA maMdiranA vi.saM. 1877nA lekhanI cothI, pAMcanI ane chaThThI lITI A pramANe che : (pathika dIpotsavAMka-199740) For Private and Personal Use Only

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"...ajAre kaccha madhye rAuzrIjI desala vAramA pIrazrI jIgA kamagarezrI ajapAlanI....... deru karAvyuM che." ravecI mAtAnA maMdiranI gozALAmAM paDelA vi.saM. 1728nA eka pALiyAnI trIjI, cothI ane pAMcamI lITI A pramANe che : Avoja ghAe AvI rAmasaraNA jAo che rAjazrI rAyadhaNajIna ......nAre pAlIuM mAMDuM che............" 24. Campebell James Acnabb op-vit, page-243. 26. Edalji Dosabhai, "History of Gujarat, 'Vol-II, page-167. 27. dezAI goviMdabhAI hAthIbhAI, " gujarAtano arvAcIna itihAsa', pRSTha-101 28. nayagAMdhI jayarAmadAsa jeThAbhAI, "kacchano bRhad itihAsa', pRSTha-96. 26.' Baines J. A. "History of Gujarat, Maratha Period', Vol. II, page-168. 30. svadeza-dIpotsavI, vi.saM. 1980, pRSTha-65 31. phArbsa jemsa, "rAsamALA', bhAga bIjo, pRSTha-547 ane ThAkara jayakRSNa indrajI, kaccha saMsthAnanI vanaspatio ane tenI upayogitA, pRSTha-16. 32. gujarAtI sAhityasabhA, " amadAvAda adhivezana graMtha', pRSTha-56. 33. Campbell James Acnabb, op cit, page-283 34. nayagAMdhI jayarAmadAsa jeThAbhAI, 'uparyukta', pRSTha-10pa ane phArbsa jemsa, "uparyukta', pRSTha 547. 35. Burns James, "Narrative of a Visit to the Court of Sind', page-90 36. Burns James, 'History of Kutch' Section - II, page-45. 37. jhaverI kRSNalAla mohanalAla (anuvAdaka), "mirAta ahamadI', graMtha bIjo, aMka cotho, pRSTha-670. 38. svadeza -dIpotsavI, vi.saM. 1980, pRSTha-65. 39, nayagAMdhI jayarAmadAsa jeThAbhAI, "uparyukti" pRSTha-105. 40. Aitchison C.U. "A Collection of Treaties, Engagennients and Sunadas", page 280. 41. Alexander Walker Colonel and Willoughly J.P. 'Meosure Adopted for the Supprersion of Female Infanticide in the Province of Kathiawar,' page-60 Barton Willams , 'The Princes of India', Page-23. ( pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 41) For Private and Personal Use Only

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kaccha ke rAva prAgamalajI 2 kI korI DaoN. renulAla dakSiNa pazcima meM araba sAgara ke zAnta ThaNDe jala tathA uttara meM registAna ke garma retIle maidAna ko sparza karatA huA kacchapAkAra pradeza apane AkAra ke AdhAra para kaccha nAma se abhihita hai| apanI bhaugolika sthiti ke kAraNa apane itihAsa ko nayA moDa dene vAle tathA advitIya svatantra sikkApraNAlI ke kAraNa yaha pradeza sampUrNa vizva meM viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai / aitihAsika dRSTi se prAcIna kAla meM maurya, zaka kSatrapa, gupta, maitraka, tathA solaMkI ke sAtha hI sAtha jADejA, samA, kAThI Adi rAjAoM kA tathA madhyakAla meM dillI sultAnoM kI sattA tathA gujarAta ke sultAnoM kA rAjya rahA / isI samaya meM samakAlIna rAjyoM meM jADejA vaMza sabase pramukha vaMza thA / isa vaMza ke dasaveM vaMzaja hamIrajI ke putroM ne Antarika saMgharSo se ghabaDAkara kaccha se ahamadAbAda Akara sultAna kA Azraya liyaa| kaccha kI anuzruti anusAra kheMgArajI dvArA apane hAthoM se siMha se bacAye jAne para gujarAta ke sultAna ne prasanna hokara unhe morabI paraganA diyA aura yahIM se kaccha kI svatantra sattA kA prAraMbha huA / isI ke kucha samaya bAda mAramalajI rAvala dvArA lAe gae najarAne se prasanna hokara jahAMgIra ne kaccha meM sikke banAne aura kaccha ko apane svatantra sikke calAne kI anumati pradAna kI / kheMgArajI ke bAda kaccha ke jADejA vaMza meM 18 rAjAoM ke nAma milate hai, jinhoneM bhArata ke svatantra hone taka arthAt I san 1948 taka kaccha me rAjya kiyA / kaccha ke jADejA vaMza ke itihAsa se spaSTa hai ki inhoneM apanI sattA ko kAyama rakhane ke prayAsa meM sadaiva kendra kI sattA ke sAtha tAla-mela banAe rkhaa| isI krama meM prAgamalajI 2 kaccha ke prathama zAsaka the jinhoneM mahArAnI vikToriyA ko AbhAra prakaTa karateM hue apane zAsana ke prathama varSa arthAt I. san 1860 se hI advitIya prakAra ke sikke banavAnA prAraMbha kiyA / trAMbiyo, dokar3o, 11/2 dokar3o, 3 dokar3o, 1/2 korI, korI, 21 / 2 korI, 5, 25, 50 aura 100 korI Adi inake dvArA pracalita pramukha sikke the| trAMbiyo, dokar3o, 11 / 2 dokar3o aura 3 dokaDo tAMbe ke sikke the jabaki korI cAMdI ke sikko kA hI dUsarA nAma thA / kaccha kI pracalita mudrA meM korI sabase bar3I ikAI thI / kaccha ko sarvaprathama korI 'jahAMgIra korI' kahalAtI hai, jisakA calana kaccha ke rAva bhAramalajI 1 ne I.san 1617 meM kiyA thaa| ye korI ahamadAbAda kI TaMkazAlA me TaMkita huI thI / : rAva prAgamalajI ne pUrva pracalita korI meM kaI nae parivartanoM ke sAtha kaI nae prakAra bhI pracalita karAe, jinameM se nimnalikhita mukhya haiM (1) 1/2 korI mulka muAjz2ama dhAtu : cAMdI, AkAra : gola, taula : 2.3500 grA. agrabhAga : ina sikke ke agrabhAga meM 5 paMktiyoM meM arabI phArasI lipi meM lekha hai pathika * dIpotsavAM6-188742 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra (2) korI 1 www.kobatirth.org zIvikToriyA bhujanagara jaraba 1862 pRSThabhAga meM bhI 4 paMktiyoM meM devanAgarI lipi meM lekha hai isa prakAra kI 1/2 korI kA kevala eka hI prakAra dekhane ko milatA hai / Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir - mahArAU zrI prAgamalajI 1920. dhAtu : cAMdI, AkAra : gola, taula: 4,7000 grA. isa varga kI korI ke do prakAra milate hai| prathama AkAra - agrabhAga meM 1/2 korI ke hI samAna 5 paMktiyoM meM arabI-phArasI lipi meM lekha pRSThabhAga meM sabase UparI paMkti meM trizUla, ardhacandra tathA khaDga cihna | usake bAda kI do paMktiyoM meM mahArAva zrI prAgamalajI tathA antima paMkti meM 1820 likhA hai / isa prakAra kI korI I. san 1862 meM DhAlI gaI thI / dvitIya prakAra - I. san 1842 aura 1863 varSoM meM DhAle gaI sikke dvitIya prakAra kI zreNI meM Ate haiM / AkAra prakAra, taula tathA agrabhAga to prathama prakAra kI hI bhAMti hai pRSThabhAga meM prathama paMkti meM tIna cihnoM ke sthAna para eka mAtra ardhacandra kA hI aMkana hai / devanAgarI lipi meM mahArAja prAgamalajI bahAdura likhA hai / usake dAhinI tarapha 8 bhaMkhuDiyoM vAlA phUla banA hai tathA sabase nIce vi.saM. kI lipi aMkita hai / korI ke ye dono hI prakAra bahuta pracalita thai| dUsare prakAra kI korI maiM prAgamalajI ke lie mahArAja ke sAtha hI sAtha bahAdura upAdhi kA prayoga huA hai, jo ullekhanIya hai / vi.saM. 1918, 19, 20 aura 21 kI korI prakAza meM AI hai| korI kA prayoga kevala Antarika vyApAra ke lie hotA thA / rupayoM aura korI ke bIca kA anupAta bhI kabhI eka jaisA nahIM hotA thA / sone kI korI prAgamalajI dvArA pracalita sone kI korI atyanta durlabha hai| isake agrabhAga meM anya korI kI hIM bhAMti arabI phArasI lipi meM 5 paMktiyoM meM lekha tathA tithi hai / pRSThabhAga meM bhI trizUla, ardhacandra aura khaDga kA aMkana hai / nIce kI 3 paMktiyoM meM mahArAu zrI prAgamalajI 1927 likhA hai / (3) 21 / 2 korI dhAtu : cAMdI, AkAra : gola, taula : 6 9350 grA. agrabhAga madhya vartula meM 4 paMktiyoM meM araba - phArasI lipi meM 1/2 korI ke hI samAna lekha likhA hai| sikke kA bAhya vartula vAnaspatika bela se alaMkRta hai tathA kinAre kA alaMkaraNa bhI binduoM se kiyA gayA hai / pRSThabhAga meM bhI madhya vartula meM trizUla, ardhacandra tathA khaDga aMkita hai / dvitIya paMkti meM korI aDhI, tRtIya meM jaraba kaccha bhUja tathA caturta paMkti meM 1931 likhA hai / bAhya vartula me devanAgarI lipimeM mahArAjAdhirAja mirajA mahArAuzrI prAgamalajI bahAdura lekha hai| sikke kA bAhya kinArA binduoM se alaMkRta hai / isa prakAra kI korI 1931 aura 32 meM hI DhAlI gayI thI / pathi * chIpotsavAMDa - 1897 * 43 For Private and Personal Use Only

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T isa prakAra kI korI meM sarvaprathaNa lekha likhane ko do paddhatiyoM, vartulAkAra tathA paMktibaddha kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / prAgamalajI ke lie mirajA upAdhi kA prayoga tathA korI kA mUlya batAne kA prayAsa ise pUrva pracalita korI se bhinna banAnA hai| bar3I rakama kI adAyagI ke lie aDhIi tathA 5 korI ke sikke DhalavAye gaye the / vaise to korI hI cAMdI kI sabase bar3I ikAI thI, kintu sArvajanika upayogitA ke nirmANa kArya kI bar3I rakama kI adAyagI ke lie isakA pracalana kiyA gayA thA / ( 4 ) 5 korI Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir dhAtu : cAMdI, taula : 13, 8700 grA. AkAraH gola agrabhAga kintu lekha meM bhUjanagara ke pahale hI araba likhA hai / pRSTha bhAga mI 2 bhI korI ke mUlya ko darzAte hue 5 korI likhA hai / vi.saM. 1865, DhAlI gaI / ise 'pAMciyA' kahA jAtA thA / 25 korI - - prathama prakAra dhAtu : sonA, AkAra : gola, taula : 4.6750 / 25 korI ke do prakAra upalabdha hue hai / agrabhAga meM tIna paktiyoM meM phArasI lipi meM lekha ke sAtha antima pakti meM bAyIM tarapha tithi bhI hai / pRSThabhAga kula milAkara 4 paktiyoM meM cihna lekha tathA tithi kA samAveza huA hai / prathama paMkti meM cihna tathA dvitIya va tRtIya meM lekha tathA antima paMkti meM tithi / isa prakAra ke sikke 1919, 1920, 1921 meM DhAle gaye the / 50 korI sikke pracalita the / 2 1/2 ke agrabhAga ke hI samAna 1/2 korI ke hI samAna hai / isameM 66, 70, 74 aura 75 meM 5 korI - dvitIya prakAra dhAtu, AkAra, taula mApa tathA puSThabhAga kI dRSTi se to ye sikke bhI uparyukta prakAra ke hI hai, mAtra agrabhAga ke lekha meM thor3A parivartana hone ke kAraNa ise prathama prakAra se alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai / agrabhAga 4 paMktiyoM meM lekha, jisameM mulka muAjz2ama kvIna vikToriyA 1870 jaraba kacha: bhuja aMkita hai / yahAM ullekhanIya hai ki pahale sabhI sikko meM sirpha 'jaraba bhUjanagara' hI likhA hotA thA isameM 'kacha' zabda kA prayoga navIna hai, jo ise anya sikkoM se alaga karatA hai I isa prakAra kI korI 1926, 1927 meM DhAlI gaI thii| sikke ke bAharI kinAre para kisI bhI prakAra ke alaMkaraNa kA abhAva hai / dhAtu : sonA, AkAra : gola, taula: 9.350 grA. 50 korI ke eka hI prakAra ke agrabhAga - bAhya vartula ko lahariyAdAra phUlapaMktiyoM se yukta bela se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai| usake madhya meM 4 paMktiyoM meM phArasI lipi meM anya sikkoM ke hI samAna lekha hai| sikke kA kinArA mahIna rekhAoM se alaMkRta kiyA gayA hai / For Private and Personal Use Only pRSThabhAga meM bAhya vartula meM vartulAkAra lekha devanAgarI lipi meM, mahArAva zrI prAgamalajI bahAdura mahArAjAdhirAja mirajA / madhya vartula meM trizUla, ardhacandra tathA khaDga, dvitIya paMkti meM mohora ardha, tRtIya paMkti meM korI 50 jaraba aura caturtha paMkti meM kacha bhuja 1923 aMkita hai / isa prakAra kI svarNa kI 50 korI vi.saM. 1923, 30, 31 kI prApta huI hai / yantra se DhalA huA pathiGa * dIpotsavAMDa - 1897 * 44

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sikkA hone ke kAraNa isakA kinArA binduoM aura rekhAoM se alaMkRta hai / 100 korI - dhAtu : sonA, AkAra : gola, taulaH 18.700 grA. agrabhAga to 50 korI ke hI samAna hai| pRSThabhAga - bAhya vartulameM 'mahArAuzrI prAgamalajI bahAdura mahArAjAdhirAja mirajA' lekha hai / madhya vartula me prathama paMkti meM to sAmAnya tIna cihna hI haiN| usake nIce kI paMkti meM mo / ) korI 100 / tRtIya paMkti meM ........ jaraba 'ka' aura cauthI paMkti meM cha bhuja 1923 aMkita kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra kI 100 korI kevala 1922 aura 1923 vi.saM. meM hI DhAlA gaI thii| isake kinAre mahIna lambavat rekhAoM se alaMkRta haiN| . kaccha ke rAva prAgamalajI kI korI kI vizeSatAoM para dhyAna dene se spaSTa hai ki sabhI koriyoM kA AkAra to gola hI hotA thaa| taula 2.3500, 4.7000, 6.9350, 4. 6750, 9. 3500 tathA 18. 7000 taka hai / 1/2 korI, korI aura 25 korI meM lekha likhane kI paddhati eka samAna hai| inake kinAroM para bhI alaMkaraNa kA abhAva hai / jaba ki 2 1/2, 5, 50, 100 korI meM samAnatA hai| agrabhAga tathA pRSThabhAga dono meM hI lekha likhane kI samAna paddhati kA prayoga huA haiM / 2 1/2 korI aura 5 korI meM agrabhAga ke vartulAkAra bela ko kalAkArI bhI eka jaisI hai / 50 korI tathA 100 korI kI alaga hai / isI prakAra sikke ke mUlya ko bhI prathama bAra darzAyA gayA hai| 25 korI to sone kA sikkA thA, kintu phira bhI isameM sikke ke mUlya ko darzAne kA koI prayatna nahIM kiyA gayA hai / lekha meM prAgamalajI ke lie bahAdUra, mahArAjAdhirAja, mirajA, mahArAu Adi upAdhiyoM kA prayoga huA hai / korI ke dvitIya prakAra meM trizUla ardhacandra aura khaDga meM se kevala ardhacandra kA hI aMkana hai tathA bahAdUra ke bAda dAhinI tarapha aMkita phUla bhI eka viziSTatA hai / . aise dekhA jAe to kaccha ke rAva bhAramalajI 1 ne I.sa. 1910 meM sarvaprathama jahAMgIrI korI kA pracalana karavAyA thA aura rAva prAgamalajI ke bAda bhI rAva madanasiMhajI ke samaya taka korI DhalatI rahI, kintu prAgamalajI hI kaccha ke prathama zAsaka the, jinhoMne mahArAnI vikToriyA ko sammAna dete hue sikke pracalita karavAye / inhoMne isakA pracalana apane rAjyakAla ke prathama varSa arthAt 1860 I.san se hI prAraMbha kara diyA thA / 1860 I.san me pracalita trAMbiyoM aura korI dono meM hI mughala zailI kA anukaraNa to kiyA gayA hai aura sAtha hI sAtha mahArAnI vikToriyA Mighty qucen aMkita hai / svayaM ke lie unhone 'rAva' athavA 'mahArAva' upAdhi kA hI prayoga kiyA hai / isa dRSTi se rAva prAgamalajI dvArA pracalita korI kaccha kI korI meM eka viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hai / sandarbha grantha :1. Standard Catatlogue of World Coins, Vol. III (1986 Edi) - Chesta L. Krausc and Chifford Mishler, 2. Cutch : It's Coins and Heritage - V.K.Thacker. 3. Coins - P. L. Gupta. 4. Coins of Native States - John Allan / 5. bhAratIya sizAkha - pra.vi.parIpa mAne.zAstrI. 6. gurAtana sio na. mA. mAyArya 7. 457 : saMskRtino 15:1 bhaugoli pariprekSyamA - nAmamA maTTI. pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 0 45 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kacchanA briTizakAlIna sikkAo zrI je. esa. caudharI prAstAvika - kacchanA svataMtra calaNanI zarUAta gujarAtI saltanatanA madhyAhnathI thaI; briTizakALamAM te soLe kaLAe khIlIne AjhAdI sudhI cAlu rahI. pUrva itihAsa : rAjyane potAnI TaMkazALa tema sikkA hoya te tenuM AgavuM svarUpa ane viziSTatA sUcave che. sikkAo uparathI rAjayanAM ItihAsa vikAsa, saMskRti vagerenI mAhitI maLe che. kacchanuM calaNa rasAI korI" tarIke oLakhAtuM hatuM. gujarAtanA sulatAnonA samayakALa daramyAna kacchanA rAvoe svataMtra rIte tAMbAnA sikkA pADavAnI zarUAta karela ane jahAMgIranA samayamAM cAMdInA sikkA pADavAnI sattA meLavela hatI. kaccha rAjyanA sikkAono itihAsa rasamaya che. I.sa. 1540mAM kheMgArajI 1lAe kacchamAM majabUta jADejA-rAjya sthApyuM enI rAjadhAnI bhUja khAte hatI. tyAMnA zAsako "rAva' kahevAtA hatA. temanA sikkA samagra anumughalakAlIna sikkAomAM AgavuM ane viziSTa sthAna dharAve che. enI sikkA paddhati viziSTa hatI. cAMdInI korI' kacchanA calaNamAM ekama hatI. I.sa. 1917mAM dilhInAM mogala bAdazAha jahAMgIra amadAvAdanI mulAkAte Avelo. jahAMgIranAmAnA varNana mujaba kacchanA rAva zrI bhAramalajIe bAdazAha jahAMgIranI mulAkAta amadAvAda khAte lIdhI hatI ane bAdazAhane eka so kacchI ghoDA, so sonAmahoro ane be hajAra rUpiyA najarANAmAM ApyA hatA. jahAMgIre rAvane eka cunaMdo hAthI, eka hAthaNI, ratnajaDita kaTAra talavAra ane vITIMo bheTa ApI hatI. makkA zarIphanI haja karavA janAra hajayAtrIone mAMDavI baMdarethI vahANo pUrAM pADavA tathA kacchanI dariyAvATe salAmata saphara karAvavAnI zarate jahAMgIre kacchanI khaMDaNI mApha karI hatI. rAva bhAramalajIne bhUjanI TaMkazALamAM bhArAzAhI korI pADavAno rukko paNa Apyo hato ane tyArathI kacchamAM rAzAhI cAMdInA sikkA calaNI banyA hatA. A rIte karacchanuM potAnuM calaNa I.sa. 1617 thI I.sa.1948 sudhI amalamAM rahyuM hatuM. kaccha rAjyanI paraMparAgata paddhati evI hatI ke jyAre navo rAjA gAdI upara bese tyAre tilakavidhi thaI gayA bAda mAtAnA maDha khAte kuLadevI AzApurAnA maMdire darzana karavA jAya ane tyAMthI TaMkazALe jAya ane tyAra bAda TaMkazALamAM temanA nAmanA sikkAo pADavAnI vidhi karavAmAM AvatI hatI. kacchanuM calaNa sonuM, cAMdI ane trAMbAnuM hatuM. badhA sikkA bhUjanI TaMkazALamAM ja pADavAmAM AvatA hatA. kacchanI korI bAra vAla vajananI gupta ane kSatrapa sikkA jevI hatI. sonAnI korIne "rAta sAMI mahora' kahetA. prAgamalajI bIjAe hiMdanA rUpiyA samakakSa "pAMciyo' bahAra pADyo hato. trAMbAmAM tAMbiyo, dokaDo ane DhIMgalo nAmanA sikkAo paNa karachamAM paDatA ane korInA 48 tAMbiyA, 28 dokaDA ane 13 DhIMgalA gaNAtA hatA. korI' nAmakaraNa : ema kahevAya che ke rAva bhAramalajIe dAbaDImAM potAnA nAmano eka sikko gujarAtanA sulatAnane mokalIne kahevaDAvyuM ke A kuMvarI'nAM lagna sulatAnanA dIkarA (rUpiyA) sAthe karo (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 46 For Private and Personal Use Only

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tethI kacchane tAMbAnA svataMtra sikkA pADavAnI chUTa maLI. A anuzruti upajAvI kADhelI hoya tema lAge che. koDI" zabda parathI korI' zabda UtarI Avyo hovAnuM paNa vidvAno anumAna kare che. dariyAkinArAnAM dezI rAjayo kaccha, jAmanagara, jUnAgaDha ane porabaMdaramAM paNa calaNa koDIne kAraNe korI kahevAyuM. pradezanA dariyAI saMbaMdhone kAraNe paNa korI nAma koI vepArIe ApyuM hoya. jAmanagaranuM "jAmaII korI' ane jUnAgaDhanuM 'dIvAnasAMI korI' calaNa pracalita hatuM. briTizakAla : Adhunika sikkAonI sirIjhamAM kacchanA briTizakAlIna sikkAonI sirIjha khUba ja AkarSaka ane rasaprada che. bhAratavarSamAM bahu ochAM rAjyone potAnA calaNanA dikAro hatA. sAMskRtika ItihAsanI sAdhanasAmagrImAM sikkAo ane abhilekho mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. sikkAo sAmAjika ane Arthika vyavahAramAM ghaNA mahattvanA che. tenA dvArA je te deza ke rAjyanA te kAlanA sAMskRtika itihAsane lagatI vividha prakAranI mAhitI maLe che. kacchanA briTizakAlIna sikkAo vize "dhI koIneja oNpha kaccha "mAMthI vizeSa mAhitI maLe che. briTizakAlamAM gujarAte potAnuM svataMtra astitva gumAvI dIdhuM ane te muMbaI ilAkAnA eka bhAgarUpa banyuM hatuM. dezI rAjavIo briTiza sarakAranA Azrita hatA. kaccha rAjyanA aMgrejoe sikkA pADavAnA hakka mAnya rAkhyA hatA. sikkAono raNakAra badhAMne AkarSe che. sikkAo saMzodhanano ghaNo agatyano viSaya che. kacchanA sikkAonA abhyAsanA UMDANamAM UtarIe to eka moTuM pustaka lakhAya. - I.sa. 1819nA jAnyuArImAM kaeNpTana jemsa mekarDonI kacchanA prathama briTiza resiDenTa tarIke nimaNUka karavAmAM AvI hatI ane e ja varSamAM rAva bhAramalajI bIjAne vahIvaTakartA tarIke ayogya gaNIne padabhraSTa karavAmAM AvyA hatA ane temanA bALaputra dezaLajIne kacchanA rAva tarIke jAhera karavAmAM AvyA hatA. briTizaroe aneka rajavADAM paikI kevaLa 34 rajavADAnA sikkA pADavAnA hakka mAnya rAkhyA hatA, jemAM kacchano paNa samAveza thato hato. je paikI haidrAbAda, mevADa, jayapura, trAvaNakora, kaccha, gvAliyara, jodhapura, indora ane vaDodarA e nava rAjayoe cheka prajAsattAka bhAratamAM ekIkaraNa pAmatAM sudhI potAnA sikkA niyamitapaNe chApavAnuM cAlu rAkhyuM hatuM. briTizakALa daramyAna ghaNAMkharAM rAjayomAM briTiza rUpiyAne calaNanuM ekama gaNavAmAM AvatuM hatuM tema chatAM kacchamAM tenA svataMtra ekama tarIke korI cAlu rahI hatI. briTizakALa daramyAna kacchanA jADejA rAjavaMzanA nIce darzAvela rAjAo kacchamAM sattAsthAne hatA. temanA samayanA kacchanA briTizakAlIna sikkAo gujarAtanA ja sikkAomAM nahi, paraMtu bhAratIya sikkAzAstramAM paNa eka AgavuM ane anokhuM sthAna dharAve che : (1) rAva dezaLajI bIjA (I.sa. 1819-1860) (2) rAva prAgamalajI bIjA (I.sa. 1860-1875) (3) rAva kheMgArajI trIjA (I.sa. 1876-1942) (4) rAva vijayarAjajI (I.sa. 1942-1948) (5) rAva madanasiMhajI (I.sa. 1948) briTizakALa daramyAna kacchanA uparyukta rAjAoe 129 varSa rAjaya karyuM, jemAM aDadhA uparAMtano , kheMgArajI trIjAno rAjayakAla kaccha mATe suvarNayuga hato. koI paNa rAjAoe ATalA lAMbA samaya sudhI rAjaya karyuM nathI. poNI sadI sudhI teo kacchanA dhruvatAraka samAna banI rahyA. kacchanA briTizakAlIna (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997.47) For Private and Personal Use Only

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sikkAonI zreNImAM temanA samayanA sikkAo anokhI bhAta pADe che. briTizakALa daramyAna uparyukta kacchanA rAonA pracalita sikkAonI hakIkata nIce mujaba che : (1) dezaLajI bIjA (I.sa. 1819-1920) IsTa InDiyA kaMpanInA zAsana daramyAna kaccha rAjya mughalaDhabanA sikkA cAlu rAkhyA hatA. dezaLajI bIjAnI korI upara phArasImAM akabara bIjAnuM nAma tathA nAgarImAM "rAo dezala' lakhAtuM hatuM. bIjI bAju phArasI bhASAmAM hijarI varSa tathA TaMkazALanuM nAma bhUja lakhavAnuM emaNe zarU karyuM hatuM. kada ane vajanamAM A korIo agAunI korI jevI ja hatI, paraMtu dezaLajIe ardhI korI paNa pADI hatI. ardhI korI upara mukhya bAju para TaMkazALanuM phArasI nAma tathA bIjI bAju nAgarImAM "rAuzrI dezaLajI' sAthe vikrama saMvatanuM varSa paNa lakhAtuM hatuM. A rAjAnA korInA prakAranA dokaDA, akabara bIjAnA phArasI nAmavALA dokaDA temaja tAMbiyA paNa maLe che. bahAdurazAhanA nAmavALA dokaDA, tAMbiyA tathA DhagalA paNa hatA. dezaLajI bIjA pahelAM korInA sikkA gujarAtanA sulatAna mujhapharazAhanA sikkAnI nakalarUpa hatA ane te badhA hijarI 978 (I.sa. 1570)nuM varSa dharAvatA hatA. enA para agrabhAgamAM mahArAvanuM nAma nAgarImAM ApavAmAM AvatuM hatuM, bAkInuM lakhANa mujhaphpharazAha trIjAnA sikkAnuM hatuM. dezaLajI bIjAe A gujarAta-zailI thoDo vakhata cAlu rAkhI hatI ane pachI e choDIne mughala bAdazAhanA nAme sikkA paDAvyA hatA. sonAmAM dezaLajI bIjAe paccIsa korInA sikkAo paDAvyA hatA. (2) prAgamalajI bIjA (I.sa. 1860-1875) mahArAo prAgamalajI bIjAnuM AyuSa bhale TUMkuM hoya, teo juvAnImAM bhale avasAna pAmyA hoya, paraMtu temanuM kArya, sikkAzAstramAM temanuM nAma, bhUjanA bhavya iTAliyana sTAIlanA "prAga mahela' ane bhavya TAvara dvArA zilpa sthApatyanA kSetre temanuM pradAna kyAreya bhUlAya tevuM nathI. ' prAgamalajI bIjAnA sonuM, cAMdI ane trAMbu e traNe dhAtuonA sikkAo maLe che. prAgamalajI bIjAnA sikkAo upara eka bAju devanAgarI lipimAM "mahArAjAdhirAja mirajA mahArAo zrI prAgamalajI bahAdura' ane saMvata tathA bIjI bAju phArasImAM "mulluM muajhama kvIna vikaTorIo jharaba bhUja ane sana lakhelI che. Ama mahArANI vikaTorIyAnA nAma temaja khitAbavALA AkarSaka sikkAo prAgamalajIe kacchamAM zarU karyA hatA. (1) sonAnA sikkA : mahArAozrI prAgamalajI bIjAe 25, 50 ane 100 korInA sikkAo paDAvyA hatA. A sikkAono agrabhAga mughala zailI dharAve che. ene pRSTha bhAgamAM mahArAvanuM nAma, biruda, sikkAnuM mUlya, TaMkazALanuM nAma ane vikrama saMvatanuM varSa nAgarImAM ApeluM che. prAgamalajI bIjAnI sonAnI korI khUba ja AkarSaka hatI. TaMkazALano ullekha have 'bhUjanagara tarIke thavA lAgyo. bIjI bAju trizULa, ardhacaMdra ane kaTAra darzAvAtAM hatAM tathA nAgarImAM "mahArAuzrI prAgamalajI' ane vikrama saMvata lakhelA hoya che. mahArAozrI prAgamalajInA samayamAM sonAnA bhAre kiMmatanA sikkA chApavA pAchaLanA kAraNo emanA samaya daramyAna nizALonAM makAno, davAkhAnAM, prAgamahela jevA mahAlayo jevAM moTAM bAMdhakAmo hAtha dharavAmAM AvatAM kharcanI cukavaNI saraLatAthI thAya e daSTi haze ema jaNAya che. (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 048) For Private and Personal Use Only

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(2) cAMdInA sikkA : prAgamalajI bIjAe cAMdInI eka korI uparAMta aDhI korI ane pAMca korInA suMdara kalAmaya, soLa suMdara parNonI alaMkArika kinAra paNa hatI tevA sikkAo pADavA zarU karyA. briTiza tAjanI sarvoparitA svIkAryA pachI prAgamalajIe mughala bAdazAhane sthAne rANI vikaToriyAnA nAmavALA sikkA pADavA zarU karyA. yaMtramAM chapAyelA korI sikkA 52 eka bAju vikToriyAnuM nAma ane biruda tathA I.sa. phArasImAM ane bIjI bAju mahArAvanuM nAma, bhUjanI TaMkAzALanuM cihna, sikkAnuM mUlya, vikrama saMvata ane TaMkazALanuM nAma nAgarI lipimAM jovA maLe che. pAMca korInA sikkA upara dorelA vartuLamAM rAjasUcaka cihno tathA mahArAjAdhirAja mirajA mahArAuzrI prAgamalajI bahAdura evuM lakhANa AvatuM tenuM vajana 11/6 tolA tathA vyAsa savA iMca hato. jyAre aDhI korInuM vajana 11/32 tolA tathA vyAsa eka iMca karatAM saheja ocho raheto. (3) tAMbAnA sikkA : prAgamalajI bIjAnA tAMbAnA dokaDA traNa prakAranA hatA : kaTAra, nAgarImAM saMvata tathA TaMkazALanA nAmavALI, phArasImAM mUlya, khristI varSa tathA TaMkazALanA nAmavALA tathA vikToriyAnAM nAma tathA khitAbo ane nAgarImAM prAgamalajInA nAmavALA. AvA ja doDha dokaDA tathA tAMbiyA hatA. prAgamalajIe tAMbAnA traNa dokaDAnA sikkA bahAra pADyA hatA. A sikkAnA agrabhAge phArasImAM 'dokaDA 3' ema ane I.sa. lakhAtAM hatAM. pharatI goLAkAra jagAmAM phArasImAM 'jharba kaccha bhUjanagara' lakhavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. tenuM vajana 15/8 tolAM hatuM tathA vyAsa 1.3 iMca hato. A rAjavInA bIjA prakAranA traNa dokaDAnA sikkA maLe che tenA upara eka bAjue phArasImAM 'kvIna vikToriyA mulke muAjhame' lakhAtuM hatuM, bIjI bAjue vartulamAM trizUla, saMvata tathA prAgamalajInuM nAma lakhAtuM hatuM. A sikkAnAM vajana ane vyAsane traNa dokaDAnA sikkA karatAM kaI ja taphAvata na hato. prAgamalajIe AvA ja prakAranA doDha dokaDA tathA tAMbiyAnA sikkA paNa bahAra pADelA. dokaDAnA sikkAnuM vajana ardhA tolAthI saheja vadhAre hatuM tathA teno vyAsa 4/5 IMcathI saheja ocho hato, jyAre tAMbiyAnuM vajana 1/4 tolAthI saheja vadhAre hato. (3) kheMgArajI trIjA (I.sa. 1876-1942) mahArAo kheMgArajI trIjAno kacchano suvarNayuga gaNAya che. teonA dIrdhakAlanA zAsana daramyAna kacchamAM sonA, cAMdI ane trAMbAnuM traNe dhAtunuM calaNa pracalita hatuM. kaccha myujhiyamamAM rAkhela kheMgArajInA basTavALA sikkAonI DAI sikkAnA saMpUrNa itihAsa para prakAza pADe che. (1) cAMdInA sikkA H- kheMgArajI trIjAnA cAMdInA sikkAo vipula pramANamAM upalabdha che, jemAM cAMdInI aDhI korI, pAMca korI ane dasa korInA sikkAno samAveza thAya che. zarUAtanA sikkAomAM eka bAju rANI vikaToriyA ane uttara kAlamAM bhAratanI sAmrAjJI vikToriyA e nAme phArasImAM lakhela che. pRSThabhAga para 'mahArAjadhirAja mirajA mahArAja zrI kheMgArajI savAI bahAdura' lakhela che. tyArabAda emanA samaya daramyAna sattA para Avela briTiza zahenazAho eDavarDa 7mo, jyaoNrja pAMcamo, eDavarka AThamo ane jyaoNrja chaThThAnA sikkA paDAvyA hatA; jo ke A mahArAvanA 1942mAM pADelA 10 korInA sikkA para agrabhAgamAM mahArAvanI AkRti aMkita thaI che, je eka viziSTatA che. kacchanA pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 + 49 For Private and Personal Use Only

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briTizakAlIna sikkAzreNImAM koI mahArAonI AkRtivALA sikkA pADavAmAM AvyA na hatA. kacchanA sikkAo upara vArasa tarIke AvatA pratyeka briTiza rAjAnAM nAma mUkyAM hatAM. A rIte briTiza zAsana pratyenI potAnI vaphAdArI TakAvI rAkhI hatI. ' kheMgArajI trIjAnA pAMca korInA sikkA upara agrabhAge phArasImAM 'vikaToriyA kesahiMda' ane I.sa. lakhavAmAM AvatAM, pAchaLanA bhAgamAM trizULa, kaTAra tathA ardhacaMdra sAthe nAgarImAM "mahArAjAdhirAja mirajA mahArAuzrI kheMgArajI bAdura karacha bhUja ema lakhAtuM. A sikkAonuM vanaja Azare 11,8 tolA hatuM ane vyAsa 1.3 iMca hato. aDhI korInA sikkAo A ja prakAranA hatA, paNa temAM pAchalI bAjunuM lakhANa TUMkAvIne mahArAuzrI. kheMgArajI" eTaluM ja lakhAtuM hatuM. A sikkA para kalAtmaka phUlapAMdaDI che. ' kheMgArajInA cAMdInA eka korInA sikkAnuM vajana 73 greIna tathA vyAsa 0.pa9 che. sikkAnI eka bAjue dhAranI najIka trizULa, ardhacaMdra tathA rAjasUcaka cihna tathA nIce "mahArAjazrI kheMgArajI' tathA nIce saMvata ApavAmAM Ave che. bIjI bAju phArasImAM lakhANa che. (2) tAMbAnA sikkA - tAMbAnA Dhabu pADavAnI zarUAta kheMgArajI trIjAe karI hatI. tenI kiMmata korInA AThamA bhAganI hatI. tenAthI bamaNI mitanA pAyalA ane tenAthI paNa bamaNI kiMmatanA AdhiyA paNa emaNe pADyA hatA. lakhANomAM badhA sikkA korIne maLatA AvatA tathA bahudhA kaccha rAjyanA cihna trizULathI aMkita hatA. kheMgArajI trIjAnA traNa dokaDAnA sikkA upara sarva rAjayacihno sAthe "mahArAuzrI kheMgArajI kaccha" ema lakhavAmAM AvatuM hatuM. doDha dokaDAnA sikkA upara "mahArAozrI kheMgArajI' lakhAtuM tathA tenuM vajana 13/16 tolA hatuM ane vyAsa 1920 iMcano hato. * dokaDAno prakAra paNa A ja rItano hato. tenuM vana lagabhaga ardhA tolAthI saheja vadhAre rahetuM. trAMbiyAnA sikkA upara "mirajA mahArAuzrI kheMgAra' lakhAtuM hatuM ane vajana ardhA tolA jeTaluM hatuM. virala ane viziSTa sikkA : kheMgArajI trIjAnA eDavarDa AThamAnA nAmavALA sikkA virala ane viziSTa gaNAya che. viziSTa eTalA mATe gaNAve che ke khuda iMglenDa paNa e nAmanA sikkA bahAra pADI zakyuM na hatuM tyAre kaccha rAjaye te sikkA bahAra pADyA hatA ! I.sa. 1936nI zarUAtamAM eDavarDa AThamA iMglenDanI gAdIe AvyA ane tyAMnI TaMkazALe emanA sikkAonI koI taiyAra karI hatI, paraMtu te ja varSanA aMtamAM temane gAdItyAga karavo paDyo hato, AthI greTabriTanamAM emanA nAmanA sikkA bahAra paDI zakyA na hatA. AkhI briTiza saltanalamAM bhAratavarSamAM mAtra kaccha ane jodhapura rAjya taraphathI tathA anyatra briTiza isTa AphrikA, briTiza vesTa AphrikA ne nyUgiyAnA eTale sthaLe eDavarDa AThamAnA sikkA bahAra paDyA hovAnuM jaNAya che. kheMgArajI trIjAnA nAmanA kacchanA eDavarDa AThamAnA nAmavALA sikkAomAM traNa dokaDAno trAMbAno, cAMdInI eka korIno, cAMdInI aDhI korIno ane cAMdInI pAMca korIno ema cAra jAta chapAI che. A sikkAonI videzamAM virala sikkAo tarIke Aje paNa sArI evI mAMga che. (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 5) For Private and Personal Use Only

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zahenazAhanA je sikkA enA potAnA ja dezamAM maLatA nathI tyAre kaccha rAjyamAM uparyukta hakIkate upalabdha thAya che te kacchanA briTizakAlIna sikkAonI zreNInI pAghaDInA chogA samAna ja gaNI zakAya ne ! kacchanA sikkAonI chapAI ghaNI sArI hatI. A mATenI DAIo paNa kaccha myujhiyamamAM che; jemake sarva zrI kheMgArajInA basTavALA sikkAonI DAI suMdara ane AkarSaka che. kacchanA sikkAo potAnAM vajana, ghATa ane chApanI bAbatamAM anokhI bhAta pADe che. I.sa. 1930mAM rAjaye TaMkAzALA mATe navuM makAna taiyAra karAvI temAM sikkA pADavAnI Adhunika mazinarI goThavI. laMDanathI navI jAtanI mudrA-chApo sikkAo mATe magAvI, jUnI mudrA-chApa upara sudhArA vadhArA karI vadhAre kalAvAna ane suMdara sikkAo taiyAra karavAmAM AvyA. pahelAM je sikkAomAMthI cAMdI kADhI levAtI hatI, paraMtu navI TaMkazALanA cAMdInA sikkAonI kinArI aNIvALI hatI eTale ghasIne koI cAMdI kADhI le tevI zakyatA na hatI. samrATa jyorja pAMcamAnA amala daramyAna kacchamAM korInA bhAvamAM ghaNI vaghaghaTa thavA lAgI. I.sa. 1928 mAM rAjayanA khajAnAmAMthI korIo vaTAvI rUpiyA levAmAM AvyA ane e rIte calaNane sthira rAkhavA prayatna karyo. korInA bhAvanI vadha-ghaTa sAthe rAjayamAM eka bAju aniSTa pedA thayuM. pAMciyA tathA eka korInA ghaNA banAvaTI sikkA banavA lAgyA. A badI eTalI badhI vikasI ke rAjyane kharA-khoTI sikkA pArakhavAnI paNa ghaNI muzkelI paDI. keTalAka saMjogomAM to chevaTe rAjyane badhA ja sikkAne rAjyanI chApa lagAvIne calaNamAM mAnya rAkhavA paDyA, paNa AnAthI rAjyane ghaNI ja khoTa AvI hatI. ' ' korInuM calaNa kaccha rAjayanA tarika AdAna-pradAna mATe ja vaparAtuM hatuM, paraMtu AyAta nikAza mATe briTiza bhAratavarSanA rUpiyAnuM calaNa vaparAtuM hatuM. Ama chatAM rUpiyA ane korIno vinimaya-dara kyAreya sthira rahyo na hato. eka samaye rU. 100nA vinimayamAM 175 korI maLatI hatI, jyAre bIjA samaye rU.10) mAM 620 korI maLatI hatI ! siMdha sAtheno vinimaya-dara nakkI thayo hato. kacchamAM korI ane pAMciyAnuM calaNa I.sa. 1943 sudI cAlu rahyuM hoya tema upalabdha sikkAo parathI spaSTa jaNAya che. kacchanA badhA sikkA goLAkAra che ane uttarakAlIna sikkAo para trizuLanuM cihna aMkita thayuM che. kheMgArajI trIjAnA lAMbA zAsanakALa daramyAna kacchanA sikkAono paNa jANe suvarNakALa hoya tevA sikkAo bahAra paDyA hatA : (4) vijayarAjajI (I.sa. 1942-1948) mahArAozrI vijayarAjajInA khUba ja TUMkA amalamAM paNa sikkAnI daSTie kacchanA sikkAnAM vajana, kada ane AkAra vageremAM dharamULathI pheraphAra karavAmAM AvelA. temanA samayamAM cAMdInI ardha korI chapAI hovAnuM jaNAyuM nathI. e ja rIte trAMbAmAM be trAMbiyAno dokaDo chApavAnuM baMdha thayuM ane trAMbiyo, DhIMgalo, Dhabu, pAyala ane Adhiyo evA trAMbAnAM pAMca sikkA paDyA, jemAM chellI be navI jAto zarU thaI. A uparAMta mAtra trAbiyAnA sikkA sivAya bAkInA badhA trAMbAnA sikkAomAM vacce vidhi karavAmAM AvyAM, je bIjA vizvayuddhanA kAraNe trAMbAnI kheMcanA kAraNe anivArya hatuM. AkAramAM A sikkA viziSTa gaNAya che. chedavALA A sikkAo briTiza tAjanA kANAvALA paisAnuM smaraNa karAve che. (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997.51) For Private and Personal Use Only

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I.sa. 1942 thI 1947 nA gALAmAM vijayarAjajIe chaThThA jayorjane nAme korIo paDAvI hatI. I.sa. 1946mAM mahArAva vijayarAjanI chabIvALI 25, 50, 100 ane 500 korInA mUlyanI noTo chApelI, paraMtu te calaNamAM mUkavAmAM AvI na hatI ! (1) cAMdInA sikkA - vijayarAjajInA cAMdInA eka korInA sikkAmAM eka bAju "korI eka ema jaNAvela che, upara vartulAkAre phArasImAM lakhANa che. bIjI bIjue vartuLamAM rAjayasUcaka cihna trizula ane ardhacaMdra tathA saMvata 1999 (I.sa. 1943) jaNAvela che. dhAranI pAse vartulAkAre "mahArAjazrI vijayarAjajI kaccha' devanAgarI lipimAM lakhela che. pAMca korInA sikkA upara agrabhAge phArasImAM lakhANa che, jemAM jayorja chaThTho ane I.sa. 1942 lakhela che. tenI AjubAju vartuLAkAramAM pAMdaDInI kalAtmaka vela aMkti karavAmAM AvI che. sikkAnI kinArIe jhINAM jhINAM TapakAMnI kAMgarI pADavAmAM AvI che. pAchaLanA bhAgamAM trizULa, kaTAra, tathA ardhacaMdra sAthe nAgarImAM "mahArAjAdhirAja mirajA mahArAjezrI vijayarAja bahAdura kacca bhUja ema lakhAtuM. A sikkAnuM vajana Azare 118 tolA hatuM tathA vyAsa 1.3 iMca hato. (2) tAMbAnA sikkA - mahArAozrI vijayarAjajInA pAMca prakAranA tAMbAnA sikkAo calaNamAM hatA. A sikkAomAM anukrame Adhiyo, pAyalo, Dhabu, DhIMgalo ane trAMbiyono samAveza thAya che, jemAM prathama cAra sikkAomAM vacce vIMdha che, jyAre trAMbiyo sauthI nAno sikko che, paraMtu temAM vIMdha nathI. dareka sikkAmAM eka bAju phArasImAM lakhANa che, bIjI bAju rAjAnuM nAma vIMdhamAM uparanI bAjue ardhacaMdra, DAbI bAju trizULa ane jamaNI bAju kaTAranuM cihna che. nIce sikkAnuM nAma nAgarImAM darzAvavAmAM Avela che. (5) madanasiMhajI (I.sa. 1948) mahArAozrI madanasiMhajInA 1948mAM thayelA rAjayAbhiSeka vakhate teozrInA nAmanA je sikkA paDyA te kacchanA itihAsamAM temaja bhAratabharamAM paNa eka svataMtra rAjya tarIkenA teozrInA ekalAnA ja sikkA che, jemAM phakata "mahArAozrI madanasiMhajI kaccha ra004' e pramANe chApeluM che. atyAra sudhI mukhya bAju upara "emparara oNpha inDiyA'nuM nAma chapAtuM hatuM. pAchaLanI bAju rAjayanuM nAma AvatuM tene badale mukhya bAju kacchanA mahArAozrInuM nAma ane pAchaLanI bAjumAM "jayahinda' chapAyeluM che. viziSTa sikkA - dindra nI chApavALo korIno sikko bhArata AjhAda thayuM tyAra bAda paNa eka varSa sudhI calaNamAM rahyo hato. "jayahinda'nI chApavALA korInA sikkA durlabha ane viziSTa gaNAya che. gujarAtamAM sauthI moTA sonAnA sikkA kacchanA mahArAoe paDAvyA hatA, jemAM 25, 50 ane 100 korInA sonAnA sikkA hatA. madanasiMhajInA samayamAM svAtaMtryaprApti pachI je sikkA bahAra paDyA te kacchanA itihAsamAM temaja bhAratabharamAM paNa eka svataMtra rAjya tarIkenA teozrInA ekalAnA ja sikkA che. mahArAozrI madanasiMhajInA "jayahiMda'nI chApavALA traNa prakAranA sikkAo paDyA che. tAMbAno Dhabu (eTale korIno AThamo bhAga) ane cAMdInA sikkAmAM eka korI ane pAMca korInA sikkA hatA. tA. 26-4-1949thI bhAratanA sikkA karachamAM kAyadesaranA calaNa tarIke dAkhala thayA. briTiza rAja kAla daramyAna bhAratavarSamAM be prakAranuM calaNa amalamAM hatuM : (1) sarakArI arthAt aMgreja sattAnuM briTiza calaNa e (2) dezI rAjayonuM calaNa-kaccha eka dezI rajavADuM hatuM tene saikAothI ( pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 * para) - - - - For Private and Personal Use Only

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potAnA svataMtra calaNano akhatyAra maLela hato. sikkAo paranAM nizAna : kacchanA sikkAo oLakhavA mATe nizAnomAM cAMdI ane sonAnA temaja tAMbAnA sikkAomAM trizuLa, caMdra ane kaTAranAM cihno aMkita thayelA jovA maLe che. trizULa e jADejA rAjAonI kuLadevI AI (mAtA) AzApUrAnuM pratIka che, jemAM rAjAnI kuLadevI pratyenI AsthA ane dharmabhAvanAnAM darzana thAya che. cAMda ke ardhacaMdranuM nizAna jADejA rAjapUto caMdravaMzI hovAnuM sUcave che. kacchanA prAcIna ane briTizakAlIna sikkAo para kaTAranuM cihna aMkita thayeluM jovA maLe che. vaDodarA, bhAvanagara jevAM dezI rAjyonA sikkAo para talavAranuM cihna jovA maLe che. rAjapUtone zaurya ane bahAdurI prANathI paNa pyAra hoya che. kaTAra e rAjapUtI zauryanuM cihna che. kacchanA mahArAo jADejA rAjakuLanA zauryane kaTAra dvArA sikkAo para aMkita kare che. kaccha rAjyanA trAMbAnA jUnA sikkAomAM koI upara trizULa che to koI upara kaTAra che saMvata 1925 pachInA trAMbAnA sikkAo upara mAtra trizULanuM ja cihna che, paraMtu 1944 ane te pachInA trAMbAnA sikkAo upara mahArAozrInA nAma bAju trizULa ane bIjI bAju kaTAranAM cihna che, jyAre mahArAozrI vijayarAjajInA trAMbAnA sikkAo upara trizULa caMdra ane kaTAra che, jyAre trAMbiyAnI eka bAju trizULa ane bIjI bAju kaTAra che. kaccha rAjayanI viziSTatA e hatI ke sikkAo rAjaya taraphathI chapAvI calaNamAM mukAtA hatA, paraMtu te uparAMta lokone paNa potAnI cAMdInI pATo lAvIne korInA sikkA paDAvI javAnI chuTa hatI. zarUAtamAM chINI hathoDAthI korIo TaMkazALamAM taiyAra karavAmAM AvatI hatI, paraMtu I.sa. 1930mAM mahArAo kheMgArajI 3jAnA samayamAM bhUjamAM Adhunika navI TaMkazALa zarU thaI tyArathI ekasarakhA sikkA paDavA lAgyA hatA. kacchamAM sonAnI korIonuM calaNa lAMbA samaya sudhI pracalita hatuM. pahelAM rAvazAhI mahora cAlatI hatI tenI kiMmata 1OO rUpAnI korI gaNAtI hatI, jyAre aDadhI sonAnI mahoranI kiMmata pacAsa korI gaNAtI hatI. sonAnI eka korInI kimata ra6ll rUpAnI korI barAbara gaNAtI. briTizakALa daramyAna prAgamalajI ane kheMgArajInA samayamAM sonAnI korIonuM calaNa amalamAM hatuM. dhIre dhIre sonA ane cAMdInA bhAvamAM aMtara vadhavAne lIdhe sonAnuM calaNa baMdha thatuM gayuM. kacchamAM mukhya calaNa cAMdInI pAMca korI yAne "pAMciyA"nuM hatuM, jeno vyavahAra vizALa pAye thato hato. calaNanuM koSTaka - kacchanI sikkA paddhati viziSTa hatI. "korI' kacchanA calaNamAM eka hatI ene rUpiyA sAthe koI saMbaMdha na hato. Ama chatAM eka rUpiyA = rA korI gaNAtI hovAnuM jaNAya che. tAMbAnA vinimayamano dara 48 trAMbiyA = 24 dokaDA = 16 DhIMgalA = 1 korI gaNAto hato. tolamAnanA saMdarbhamAM A sikkA para briTiza paddhatino prabhAva jaNAya che.tadanusAra trAbiyo dokaDo, DhIMgalo, aDadhI korI tolamAM kramaza 4, 8, 12, 214 ane 1/2 grAma vajana dharAvatA sikkA hatA. kacchanA calaNanuM koSTaka nIce pramANe che : (1) cAMdInA sikkA :1 pAMciyo = 5 korI 1 Adhiyo = rA korI 1 korI = ra AdhiyA 1 Adhiyo = 8 DhIMgalA trAMbAnA (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 53 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(2) tAMbAnA sikkA - 2 DhIMgalA = 1 Dhabu 1 korI = 16 DhIMgalA 1 DhIMgalo = 1 dokaDo 1 korI = 24 dokaDA 1 dokaDo = 2 trAMbiyA 1 korI = 48 jhAMbiyA. sikkAonuM vividha kSetre mahattva : (1) dhArmika kSetre - dharma ane saMskRti ItihAsanuM mahattvanuM aMga che. sikkAo dvArA rAjyano mAnya dharma jANavA maLe che. briTizakAlIna kacchanA sikkAo upara trizULa jovA maLe che je zaktipUjAnuM dyotaka che. kacchanA mahArAvanAM kuLadevI AzApurAnuM pratIka che, rAjAnI dhArmika bhAvanAnuM cihna che. (2) Arthika kSetre - briTizakALa daramyAna kacchamAM sonuM, cAMdI ane tAMbu e traNe dhAtunA sikkAo pracalita hatA. briTizakAlamAM sikkAomAM cAMdInI zuddhatA jALavavAno Agraha rAkhavAmAM Avato hato. bIjA vizvayuddhathI trAMbAnI kheMcanA lIdhe vijayarAjanA sikkAo vacce vividhatA jovA maLe che. prAgamalajInA samayamAM sonAnA sikko vyApaka pramANamAM jovA maLe che, je te samayanI kacchanI Arthika jAhojalAlInuM darzana karAve che. (3) kalAkSetre mahattva - briTizakAlIna kacchanA sikkAo kalAtmakarUpa dhAraNa kare che. mahArAjA kheMgArajI trIjA ane vijayarAjajInA cAMdInA sikkAo dhAra ane nAnA vartuLanI vacce goLAkAramAM pAMdaDInI kalAtmaka vela aMkita karavAmAM AvI che. sikkAnI kinArIo jhINAM TapakAM kAMgarI pADavAmAM AvI che. (4) lipinI dRSTie mahattva :- kacchanA briTizakAlIna sikkAono abhyAsa karatAM tenA para devanAgarI ane phArasI lipimAM lakhANa jovA maLe che. sikkAo para muslima rAjavInAM nAma tyArabAda briTiza rAjavIonA nAmanI sAthe sthAnika rAjavInuM nAma lakhAtuM hatuM. (5) sikkAo paranAM cihno - kacchanA briTizakAlIna sikkAo para briTiza tAja, trizULa, ardhacaMdrA ane kaTAranAM cihno aMkita thayelAM jovA maLe che, je kacchanA rAjavIonI bhAvanAnA, oLakhANanA pratIka samAna che. kacchanA rAjavIoe briTiza tAjanI vaphAdIra darzAvavA potAnA dareka dhAtunAM sikkA para anukrame vikaToriyA, eDavarDa aSTama, jyaoNrja paMcama, eDavarDa ATha ane jyorja chaThThInA nAma darzAvela che. 1947 mAM bhArata svataMtra thatAM sikkA para briTiza rAjAonAM nAma lakhavAnI baMdha thayA pachI tA. 26-4-1949nA roja kaccha rAjya svataMtra bhAratamAM vilIna thayuM te samaya sudhI "jayahinda'nI chApavALA viziSTa sikkA pADavAmAM Avela. bhAratIya sikkAzAstramAM kacchanA briTizakAlIna sikkA eka anokhI bhAta pADe che. saMdarbha sAmagrI (1) DaoN. navInacaMdra AcArya : gujarAtanA sikkAo pR. 151-155 (2) hariprasAda zAstrI ane DaoN. pI. sI. parIkha : bhAratIya sikkAzAstra, pR. 253 thI 255 (3) hariprasAda zAstrI ane DaoN. pI. sI. parIkha : gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa, graMtha 8 briTizakAla, pR. 188, 189, graMtha 8 marAThAkAla mR. 198, 199 (4) DI. ke. vaidya : sacitra mArgadarzikA-kaccha myujhiyama-bhUja 1975, pR. 7 (4) Dr. D. G. Patel : Gujarat State Gazetteers-Kutch District, pp. 287 to 289 (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 * 54) For Private and Personal Use Only

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[, pariziSTa kacchanA briTizakAlIna sikkA 13 zALajI bIjA nI eka korI : cAMdI [2] prAgamalajI bIjA no sikako N : [3] kheMgArajI trIjAnA sikakA ra wwja che Ut traNa dokaDA pAMca pherI [4] vijayarAjapunA sikkA eka kerI ja. manavijhano nirabhe tAMbAnI AThI che mi madanasiMhajIno sikaLe ho... mA lakI 9pa zerI (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 55 ) For Private and Personal Use Only

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Shri Mahavir Jain Aradhana Kendra kecchanI viziSTatAo zrI prANagiri pI. gosvAma garavI gujarAte ane saurASTra kacchane potAnI bagalamAM samAvI dIdhuM che. uttara-pUrva tarapha vistarelA gujarAtanAM bAra jillAo ane dakSiNe saurASTranAM cha jillAoe kaccha eka jillAne potAno banAvI lIdhela che. mahAgujarAtanA AMdolana pachI 60 mAM gujarAta rAjya banyuM. eNe jUjavA jAheranAmAthI kacchanAM 21 jeTalAM sthAnone rAjyarakSita smArako banAvyAM. e smArakonI gujarAta bharanI yAdI tarapha najaruM karatAM amadAvAda 3, amarelI 4 kheDA 5, ane jAmanagaranAM 7, rAjyarakSita smArakonI jotA 19, thavAnI tyAre gujarAtanAM anya jillAomaM paNa - dazathI aMdaranI saMkhyAmAM AvAM smArako jarUra AvelAM ja haze e vizvAsa che jemAM jUnAgaDha e pATaNa, gAMdhInagara ane surendranagara to bhUlI zakaya evAM ja nathI. e badhA ja jillA-moTA zaherone najara samakSa rAkhIeM to badhA ja jillAo karatAM kadAca kaccha jillAnI saMkhyA adakerI dekhAze. 1. aMnI2... ane kaccha jillAnA tAlukAnI dRSTie jovA jatAM taLa aMjAramAM zrIbhaLezvarajI maMdira dazamI agyAramI sadInI Ahalake pokAratuM to jaNAya ja tyAre bhuvaDa madhyenuM bhuvaDezvarajInuM zivamaMdira paNa e ja saikA nI AsapAsanI sadInI sAkSI pUre, jayAMnAM zivaliMganI sAme Ajeya nitya jhAra ghauM ke kyAreka e paNa nA maLe tho...... asIM girivaranI moralA, kaMkara caNa cUNo, Rta (aSADha-zrAvaNa) Ave na bolo ta- haiye phATamaze. AjanAM jevA - jayeSThathI bhAdaravA sudhI cUkyA vinA-mAgyAM meha...' varasatA hoya evI RtumAM na bolI to ? ane e kAMkarA caNIne paNa zivInI sAme akhADo (kaLA) karIne nAcI jato hoya, : aMjAramAM mahemaDonA baMgalAnAM nAme oLakhAtA, 'nAyakala TarazrInI kacerI-mAMnAM-kacchI hamAgarInAM benamUna divAlacitro...' 2, bhacAu....... siMdhamAMthI kacchamAM AvelA sagA mAmA vAghama cAvaDAne pATagaDhakaTezvarajInI pUjA karatAM ane sAta sAMdho (solaMkI paramAro) negUMtarIgaDha vAyo - varaDo, verasta, kAryone kurapALa; same satoe mAriyA, rANone rAjapAra. mAM pUrA karIne A be rAjyo (ekALanAM hillebaMdhIvALAM zahero) pacAvyAM chatAM dharapata nathatAM bhacAu tAluke tyAMnA eka DuMgara para- moDa killo nA baMdhAvI zakyo e sADe baMdhAvyo. e kaMthakoTa no bUraja jeno da2vAjA ne doDhIe 8mI 9mI sadInI yAda Ape che te e enI aMdaranuM jaina daherA sarajI tathA bhagavAna sUryanArAyaNajInuM prAcIna maMdira, tyAMno dhoLAvIrA TIMbo te AjanuM vikhyAta vizALa dhoLAvIrA utakhanana sthAna (khaDIra) tathA cAMpara pAseno sobhAralano TIMbAM kaccha dharAnI 5000 varSa jUnI prAgaitihAsikatAnI benamUna-gAthArUpa lekhAI gayAM che yAdI pramANenAM pAMca sthAno. * 3. rApara - citroDa-mevAsAmAM AInuM Deru-chatAM e purAtana zivamaMdira Aja rakSaNanI rAha joI rahyuM che e paNa pAchaLathI joIzuM. sAtheja savaI pAseno e pAbumaDha prAgaitihAsikatAnI jhAMkhI karAve che. pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 56 For Private and Personal Use Only

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4. nakhatrANA : dezalaparanI zailaguphA-1. zailaguphA-2 pU. arezvarajI maMdira (maMjala-lAkheDInI hada pAse), ghaDImeDI-je zaivamanI have pratIti karAve che. ane puMarAe jaNAvelA puSpagaDhano purAtana killo. 5. lakhapata : siyota jUnA-dharaNa vAghelAnA pATagaDhanI pAsenI zailuphAo jenI mATenI bauddhakAlIna salo nIjaramAna manAI che. ane khuda lakhapatano kacchanAM kromavela jamAdAra phatehamahaMmade baMdhAvelo killo ane kacchamAMnuM varSo jUnuM gurudvArA je AddhitAya manAya che. 6. mundrA- bhadrezvarajI vasaInuM jUnuM maMdira- je vasaI tIrtha tarIke AkhAye gujarAta to zuM bhArata bharanAM zrAvakomAM khUba ja jANItuM che. 7. bhUja:- kerAnuM zivamaMdira, jenuM vizeSa utpanana cAlu ja che tathA enI je ritatAne samAravAnuM kAma paNa Ama to e bhale lAkhA phulANIthI pahelAM gaNAtuM hoya chatAM e lAkhAe baMdhAvyAnuM gaNAya che. - bhUja ane bhUjanI AsapAsanAM AvAM ghaNAe sthano-rakSita smArako tarIke lAvAyAM nathI. je rakSaNa mAMge che. sAthe sAthe mAMDavI ke abaDAsAnAM keTalAMka sthAno paNa rasita smArako tarIke jAhera thAya eya jarUrI che. vaLI anya tAlukAomAM rahI javA pAmelA paNa gaNanApAtra gaNAvAne lAyaka che. kacchamAM haju sudhI - rakSitana gaNAyelA tAlukAonAM smArako : 1. aMjAra : bhuvaDezvarajInAM maMdiranI sAthe - e ja parisaramAM UbhelI e bhuvaDa cAvaDAnI DerIbaMdha khAMbhI e sva. rAmasiMhajI rAThoDanAM kuLadevanA maMdiramAMnI kacchabharanAM pAbu maMdiromAM sauthI kalAtmaka rahelI kALI dhoDIo tatha jaina daherAsara nIrakhIne nirNaya karavA jevAM rahelAM che. dhamaDakA - kAlImaMdira, saphalAnAtha gaMdhapiyu masANa, (kALovaDa Aje nathI) ane sAmI bAju-bhavAnI bhuvanezvarIjInuM maMdira, je hAlamAM pAMca gAmonAM soDhA kSatriyonA sahayogathI jogaNInA maMdiranuM rUpa dhAraNa karI rahela che. . saMdhaDa-mAtAjI jogaNInALa harUDI mAtAjInA maMdiranI AthamaNI bAju thIrA nAme gurUjIone apAyeluM gAma tenI ekAda kilomITaranA aMtare harSadA mAtAjInuM prAcIna maMdira mAMthI ekAda ki.mI. nA aMtare che. jenAM jUnAM sthApatyone sAcavI rAkhIne dIvAlamAM maDhI devAmAM Avela che. Ama A maDakA ane vIrA evIra vikramanAM sagaDa kacchamAM paNa pahoMcyA che evI pratiti karAvanArAM che. jUnuM dhamaDakA to padanA dharatIkaMpamAM nAza pAmyuM paNa emAMnAM maMdiro hAlamAM prajAlakSI banelAM dekhAya che. "kaccha itihAsa pariSada" nAM tA. 22 ogaSTanAM saMzodhana pravAsamAM ahIMnAM keTalAMka prAcIna maMdirono AjanI tvarita gatie jIrNoddhAra thavA lAgyo che ne keTalAMka pharIne UbhAM thaI gayAM e sagI AMkhe bhALyuM che. 2. bhacAu :- ahIMno DuMgarI killo dUrathI paNa ApaNuM jotAM dhyAna kheMce che. 3. rApara : geDInuM purAtana maMdira, dazAvatAranI mUrti, vAva ane kalAtmaka pALiyA varaNezvara-madhyenI bhUriyAbAvA mekamaDAnI samAdhi arthAt kabara taddna jIrNa ane jarjarita thaI gaI che, jeno AdhAra palaMgane maLato Ave che. 4. nakhatrANA :- puMarAnI chatrI-vaDImeDInI sAmI bAju, A cArathaMbhI chatrInI bhUmimAM puMarAne agnidAha devAyo hato, AsthAnane saMpUrNataH surakSA bakSyA karatAM, tene tyAMthI avaMbaMdha upADIne ahIMnAM rakSita sthAno pAse padhdhagaDhamAM, niMDhI baDI meDInAM parisaramAM laI AvavI Avazyaka gaNAze tathA nakhatrANA pAseno moTIvIrANIno jarjaritatAne Are ubhelo killo. (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 57) For Private and Personal Use Only

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5. lakhapata : ahIMnA vizALa divAla dharAvatA killAne gurudvArAnI sAthe ja tyAM no bhavyakUbo, purAtana zivamaMdira ane kacchamAM dvitIya evuM hATakezvarajI maMdira 6. mundrA : zivamaMdiranI sAme tavavALA nAke jaina chatrIo ane pagalAM, tIrthadhAma vasaI, bhadrezvarajInA polisa thANA aMdaranuM zivamaMdira. 7. bhUja :- bolADI habAyanI dhA2 52 - napa saikAthI haju paNa hayAta UbheluM e bo lADIgaDhanuM nAkuM paththara sAthe paththaro samAvIne paDavAne pAMkeDa UbhuM che te, dAdupIrano sthApatya sabhara kUMbo ane kalAtmaka jharUkhAe. bhAvezvaranI vAva ane kalyANezvarUparidhanI zilpa nitaratI samAdhi derIo. 8. abaDAsA : nAnA moTA karoLiyAothI AgaLa jatA bhImanAthajInAM raste AvatuM bauAnuM nAjUka zivamaMdira, je atyAre yakSano thaDo thaI gayo che. nAMdra no killo, kacchanAM keTalAka kSatriyoe potAnAM bhavya bhUtakALanA pratIka gaDha killAone samAvI lIdhAM che tyAre raste basamAM dUrathI raLiyAmaNopaNAnuM bhAsa karAvato A killo paNa rakSaNa mAge che. nAnAnAMdrAnI gaDhI. AgaLa jatAM rAparagaDhamAMno nAMdra jevo paNa vizALa koTho ane corAparano cabUtaro, je kacchamAM anya kabUtarakhAnAo karatAM kaMIka judI bhAta pADanAro che. ahIMnAM motA (zrAvaka) satImAno pALiyo khAMbhI je jainomAM ochAM jovA jAya che. tathA vAMkumAM pravezatAM najare paDatI pALiyAonI hAramALA paikIno trizUladhArI pALIyA kaccha AkhAmAM kyAMe nathI dekhAtA. 9. mAMDavI :- gaDha killAno kamADa sAtheno kathakoTakakSAno daravAjo e bilezvarajI gaDhanI DerIo darzAvatI kalAtmaka vAva. pharI saheja bhacAu tarapha dRSTi karatAM H- manapharAnI dharmAdA jAgIranA parisaranAM purAtana sthAno AM dhoInAM killAnuM pravezadhAra tema doDhI koThAo, pAtArbezvarajI pachavADenAM vividha prajAonAM ajAyaba pALiyA, are ? kacchamAM to jyAM jyAM- je tAlukAomAM ghUmavAne nIkaLI paDo tyAM tyAM navIna saMzodhanamAM tamone kaMIne kaMI jovAne maLazeja "kacchaitihAsa parisade" varSamAM traNacAra AvA pravAso kheDavAne nakkI karela che, tyAre game tyAM kaMIne kaMIto jarUrathI ja nihALavAne maLatuM ja hoya che. kacchano koI paNa tAluko evo nathI ke jyAMthI kaMI ne kaMI maLavA na pAmyuM hoya... kacchanAM AjhAdInI ardhI sadInAM prAgaitihAsika sthAno H kacchamAM saMzodhAyelA e utkhanana pAmelAM tAlukA vAranAM keTalAMka prAgaitihAsika sthAna je maLI AvyAM che te paNa gujarAtanAM purAtatvavidoe itihAsakAronA kathanAnusAra gujarAta bharanAM anya jillAo karatAM mokharAnuM sthAna dharAve che. 1. aMjAra tAluko :- koTaDA Ama to AthAMTIMbAo maLI AvyA che e saune koTaDA nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Ave che. AvA koTaDA kacchanA daratAluke dekhAya che. bAda A ja tAluke jAMga - cAMdrANI, pIravALAM khetara tathA gAmano samAveza thAya che... 2. bhacAu :- kaMthakoTa bAda zikArapura jevAM sthAno paNa zodhAyAM che ane zodhAya che. -- 3. rApara :- sUrakoTaDA, saNavA, selArI morAo-jATAvADA, keMrAsI geDI, pAbumaDha-2vajesaDA, lAkhApara rAmavAva, ane A ja tAlukAmAM gaNanA thAya che e AkhAe vizvanI najara jenA para TherAI che e, khaDIranuM dhoLAvIrA.. 4. nakhatrANA H- dezalapara-guMtalInI AkhI nadImAM bhUtakALamAM garaka thaI gayela ane rIvasAhata, vADAvidheDI koTaDA bhaDalI- gaDhavALI, vADI navA khIrasarA e sthAno paNa potAnuM AgavApaNuM darzAvanArAM che. ahIM pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 58 For Private and Personal Use Only

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A gAmanI uttarathI thoDe dUra pazcimamAM eka guphA bhoyaruM Avela che, jemAM "kaccha itihAsa pariSada'nI tatkAlIna saMzodhana yAtrAveLAe dhaNAM bahenabhAIo 100 mITara sudhI aMdara gayelAM... 5. lakhapata :- pATagaDha pAsenI kaTesaranI guphAo bhoyarAo adbhuta 6. bhUja :- lUNA, koTarA-koTaDA phUrana, khAMvaDAtarapha, negunI dhAra sugarAsara 7. mundrAvI :- navInALa baMdaranI sAiTa ane samAdhodhA e paNa kaMI kahI jAya che. : 8. abaDAsA :- ToDiyA koThArA, ToLA uparathI ToDiyA, utkhanana bAda aMdarathI ThaLiyA ja nIkaLatA hoya evuM sthAna TIMbA koTaDA parathI koTaDAnI jema ! 9. mAMDavI :- rAyaNane "kaccha itihAsa pariSada" nA tyAnA sarapaMcathI tathA DaoN. vasAnAM sahayogathI tyAM zibira rakhAi tyAre pratyakSa jovAne maLayuM ke tyAMnAM killAnI bhaThThAM ke niMbhADe pakavelA pAkI IMTo kaMI gopanAM maMdiro (saurASTra) karatAM paNa saheja moTI lAge, tyAM maMdirathI nadInA paTTa sudhI patharAyelI najare paDe-to ahIM e "DaTTaNa saba paTTaNa" mATImAM ja TAI gayelI lAge kacchamAM eka lokavAya kA evI che ke dAdA dhoramanAthajI ahIM tapa karatA hatA tyAre emanA ziSyane A kacchanAM pATaNamAM kaMI kaDavo anubhava thavAthI zApa ApatAM gAma dhanota panota thaI gayuM. paraMtu tapa karanAra saMto kyAreya kadI prajAjIvanane zrApa Ape e buddhijIvIo mAnavAne taiyAranathI kacchamAM anya prAgaitihAsika saMzodhika utkhana na pAmela sthAno nI jema A sthAna paNa rukamAvatI ane anya nAnI nadIonA prakopI ke bhUtakALanAM koI bhayaMkara dharatIkaMpathI daTAI gayuM che je paNa dhoLAvIrA ane sUrakoTaDAnI jema utkhanana mAMge che, A aMge paNa kendra ke rAjaya sarakAra ne hanajharU kare ema DaoNya vasA ke "kaccha itihAsa pariSada" apekSA rAkhe che.. ane kadAca rakhAladAsa benarajIe prathama saMzodhana utkhanana dhoLAvIrAnuM karyuM hota to e siMdhu saMskRtinI jema. "kacchI saMskRti" kahevAI jAta. dhoLAvIrAnuM saMzodhana e kacchanA sAmAnya mAnavI zaMbhudAna gaDhavIne AbhArI che. The. gosvAmI coka, bhUja-370 001 pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 59 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kacchanI miyANAjAtiH sAMskRtika abhyAsa pro. ema. je paramAra prAstAvika : kaccha traNa bAjue dariyAthI vIMTAyeluM dekhAze, paraMtu tenI uttare siMdha, dakSiNe saurASTra ane pUrvamAM saurASTragujarAta tathA rAjasthAna pradezo sAthe jamIna vaDe te joDAyeluM che. A badhA pradezonI rAjakIya hilacAlonI ane saMskRtionI prathAonI asara kaccha upara paDelI che. yAdavo, mauryo, zako vagere jAtionAM pagalAM kacchanI bhUmi upara paDyAM hatAM. AthI kacchanI taLapadI che tathApi e sarvoza bhAratIya che. atyAre paNa bAhya saMskRtinA avazeSo koI koI jAtionI jIvanapravRttiomAM dekhAya Ave che, paraMtu e bhAratanI saMskRtiomAM ekaraMga banI gayA che. itihAsa judA judA kAlanA lokonuM Alekhana kare che. te loko(samAja)nA dhabakatA jIvanano vRttAMta ItihAsa kare tethI koI paNa itihAsa temanI jAtio, temanA rita-rivAjo, saMskAro, temanI mAnyatAonuM samAjajIvana, Arthika, dhArmika ke rAjakIya jIvananAM pAsAmAMthI temanA jIvanamUlyano khyAla Ave che. - koI paNa deza athavA te pradezanI saMskRtino abhyAsa karavo hoya to temanI aitihAsika ghaTanAo, sAmAjika mUlyo, sAhitya ane kalAsaMpattino vicAra karavo ja joIe, kAraNa ke saMskRtinAM ghaDatarano AdhAra lokonI bhaugolika aitihAsika sAmAjika ane Arthika sthiti para rahelo che. A siddhAMta kacchanA itihAsa, tenI saMskRti, tenA lokone barAbara lAgu paDe che. kacchamAM vasatI vividha jAtio: kacchI prajA sAgaranI jema dhIra gaMbhIra ane zAMta che. kacchanI vizALa bhUmimAM aneka prajA AvI samayane vartIne rahe che. I.sa. pUrve 1600 thI 1500 vacce yAdavo sAthe AbhIro paNa Avyo. I.sa. pUrve 326mAM yUnAnI AvyA. I.sa. 180nI AsapAsa zaka-kSatrapo AvyA. 1lI sadImAM irAnI pehalavI, pAMcamI-chaThThI sadImAM huNagurjara, vagere prajA AvI. sAtamI sadImAM Araba, AThamI sadImAM pArasI ane dasamI sadImAM paThANo vagere AvanAra prajA hatI. AphrikAthI sIdI tathA anya prajA AvI. kacchamAM A badhA ekarasa banI gayA.' kacchI prajAnAM zArIrika cihna joIe to A mAnavIya samIkSaNanAM pramANa jovA maLe. AthI ratnamaNIrAva bhI. joTe kahe che ke gujarAtanI bhUmie aneka bhramaNayuga, ghaNI jAtione gujarAte Azraya Apyo. kirAta, huNa, AMdha, pulindra, pulkasa, AbhIra, yavana vagere jAtione zuddha karI upara uThAvela che. kacchanI prajA pravAsI prajA che. AhIra, kAThI, rabArI, jata tathA anya pazupAlaka jAtio ahIM AvI vasI che. uttarathI samA, siMghamAMthI soDhA, pUrvethI vAghelA, siMdha mAravADa ane gujarAtamAMthI vANiyA, brAhmaNo, bhATiyA, lohANA, mulatAnnI siMdhathI kArIgara varga Avyo. cAraNa mAravADathI ane Ama kaccha jANe ke eka mAnavarasathALa banI gayuM. kacchanA bannI vistAramAM jata, juNejA, pazupAlako, vAgaDanA vistAramAM AhIra, miyANA surajabArI mALiyAmAM vase che. khAravA mundrA lakhapata mAMDavI dariyAkAMThAnA vistAramAM vase che. vividha prajA kacchamAM AvIne kacchI banI kacchI prajAnuM gaurava gaNe miyANAjAtiH Agamana - vistArano prAraMbhika ItihAsa : bhAratavarSanI prajAonI Arya-anArya pAkRta saMskArI saMskRtionA samanvayathI bhAratIya mAnasa sabhyatA uddabhavI bhUtakALamAM thayela ghaTanAo ane mAnava-AvaraNo sthaLa, kALa ane kAraNathI niyata thayela hoya che. kacchamAM aneka jAti samUhamAM alaga alaga temanI saMskRti jovA maLe che. miyANAnI vastI rAjakoTa jillo, amadAvAda jillo, surendranagara jillo, kaccha jillAmAM jovA maLe che. miyANA siMdhamAMthI kacchamAM AvyA. siMdhamAM teo ghaNA samayathI muslima hatA. temanI keTalIka aTako mULa rAjapUta (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 * 60) For Private and Personal Use Only

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hovAno nirdeza Ape che. "miyANA' nAmanI utpatti mATe karnala vokaranA kahevA pramANe be mata che. A nAma varNanAmathI, paraMtu temanA pUrvaja "miyA" ke "mIyA'nA nAma uparathI temanuM komI nAma paDela. miyANAnuM mULa nAma "meha' hatuM. sindhI bolImAM teno artha halakI koma thAya. siMdhamAMthI hijarata karanArA miyANA mAbiyA AvatAM pahelAM kacchamAMpeDhI othI rahyA hatA. A miyANA jAtimAM judAM judAM ra7 gotra che. eka mAnyatA pramANe A jAtinA eka vaDavAnAM cAra putro-mArlA, saMdhu-baMdho ane neamovara hatA. temanA nAma uparathI Akho komano uddabhava ane vikAsa thayo. kacchanA miyANAomAM jogiyA, mera, jeDA, bhaTTI, TUMsA, olA, makavANA, musANI, samANI, movarajAma, pAraDI, mANeka ladhANI, sAmatANI, bAyadANI vagere aTako che. temanAM rIta-rivAjo avanapraNAlikAo vageremAM rAjapUtonI sAthe maLatA Ave che. paNa teoe kyAre IslAma majhahaba svIkAryA tenA purAvA prApta thatA nathI. temanA sAmAnya rIte jeDA, bAyadANI, mANeka, ladhANI temanA kabIlAnAM mukhI hoya che. kacchamAM temanI vastI chUTIchavAI jovA maLe. sUrajabArI vistAramAM vadhAre. gujarAtamAM be mALiyA che mALiyA hATInA ane mALiyA-miyANA temanI vastI tyAM vadhAre che. bhUjamAM temanI vastI che. aMjAra, ghANeTI, dUdhaI ane sUrajabArImAM miyANAnI vastI che. kacchanA itihAsamAM chachara bhuTTo miyANo ane bhIyAkaMkala miyANo mahattvanA hatA. teo kacchanA je vistAramAM rahetA. temAM saMkhyA vadhAre hatI te vistArane "miyANI' kahetA. 13mI sadImAM allAuddInanAM samayamAM ghaNA rAjapUtoe islAma svIkAryo jemAM siMdhanA nagara samoI rAjyanAM samA jADejA rajaputo jeDI tathA manoara zAkhAnA hATakoTanAM cAvaDa rAjapUtomAMthI kaTiyA zAkhAnAM jesalameranAM rAjapUtomAMthI bhaTTI zAkhAnAM temaja jADejA rAjapUtomAMthI jAmazAkhAnA tathA mahIkAMThAnAM mehara rAjapUto sainiko hatA. te loko jyAre siMdhamAM gayAM - tyAM paNa mehane nAme oLakhAyA, kALakrame mAchImArI tathA lUTaphATa karI gujarAna calAvatAM meha loko miyANA kahevAyA. A meha lokonA pUrvajomAM ekanuM nAma miyA athavA miyANI hatuM tenA nAma parathI A koma miyANA tarIke oLakhAI. eka evo mata che ke jema mAnamAM talavAra surakSita rahI zake che, tema A lokonI madadathI rAjAo surakSita rahetA hatA, tethI temane "gyAnA ane te parathI miyANA kahevAyA. miyANA siMdhamAMthI kacchamAM ane pachI bIjA pradezomAM jaI vasI gayAM, jayAre mALiyAnA ThAkora morabI rAjyathI svataMtra thatA mALiyAnA rakSaNa mATe siMdhamAMthI bolAvyA tyArathI te rakSaNanuM kAma karatA. miyANA'nuM samAjajIvanaH * miyANA zArIrika rIte UMcA, kadAvara, phUrtivALA, zikAra-savArInA zokhIna, hiMmatabAja, cakora, dekhAvaDA, strIo sauMdarya mATe mazahUra hatI paraMtu malAjA ke pavitratA mATe temaNe koI nAmanA meLavI nathI. bannenA mAthAnA vALa jADA, gUMjavALA kALA hoya che. zarIrano raMga zyAma che. puruSo cAlAka ane thAke nahi tevA hoya che. temanAM paheraveza oraba nAmano baMdhabesato coraNo, acakana, keDiyuM, mAthA upara pAghaDI paniyA, badhe, dADhI rAkhe che. islAmI saMskRtine anurUpa coraNAne badale ajarakha paheraNa pahere. strIo cha-sAta hAthanA gheravALA gherA raMganA saheja TUMkA ghAgharA, polakAM tathAM kApaDA ane oDhaNI oDhe che. teonAM ghareNAMmAM pagamAM kaDalAM, chaDA, toDA, kAnamAM kApa, hAthamAM cUDalIo ane nAkamAM sonAnI saLI, vIDo vagere pahere che. teo khorAkamAM jAra bAjArAno upayoga kare che. ghauM kyAreya khAtA nathI caNA-aDanI dALa, roTalA-mAchalI priya khANa che. maTana ane macchI vadhAre khAya che. teonI strIo bIDI paNa pIe che ane dArU paNa pIe che. teo gAyanuM mAsa khAtA nathI. miyANA kacchI bhASA bole che. gujarAtI bolI zake temaja samajI zake che. aMdaro-aMdaranA vyavahAramAM temanI bolImAM ja vAta kare che.' dA.ta. AMva bahAra goya vanato -huM bahAragAma jAu ane (pathika dIpotsavAMka-1997 * 61) For Private and Personal Use Only

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Aja AI moya te arcInI - tame mAre tyAM Avajo vagere. teo kacchI sAthe siMdhI paNa bole. dA.ta. esI vaMjotA. temanI kuTuMbavyavasthAmAM saMyukta ane vibhakta ema be prakAranI che. pitRsattAka kuTuMbo jovA maLe che. vRddhA ane vaDIlone mAna Ape che. dareka bAbatamAM temanI salAha levAya. loko maryAdAmAM khUba ja mAne che. sAmAjika rita-rivAjo kriyAo : A komamAM strIo mAsika dharma pALathI nathI. temane 'lugaDA AyA' 'bejIyAtI' e nAme bolAve ane A bAbata anyane jaNAvatI nathI. garbha rahyA bAda koI saMskArakriyA thatI nathI, paNa pAMcame mAse khoLo bharAvavAno rivAja che. suyANInI madadathI prasRti karAve che. bALakanA janmasamaye muzkelI jaNAya to prasUtAnA sAthaLa upara allA rasUlanI tAvIja bAMdhe che. putra janmatAM AnaMda anubhave che, kherAta kare. bALaka sAta-ATha mAsanuM thAya tyAre sunnata kare che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir lagnaprathAmAM bALapaNamAM sagapaNa thAya. phaI pAchaLa bhatrIjI ApavAnI prajA A komamAM vizeSa bhAga bhajave che. lagna puSTha vaye thAya. varapakSa taraphathI kanyA mATe kAnanA kApa, beDI, hAthanAM kaDA, jhAMjharI ane be joDa kapaDAM Ape che. vidhavA punaH lagna karI zake che. vidhUra-vidhavA lagna thAya. diyaravaTuM paNa thAya che. sALIvaTuM paNa thAya che. A lokomAM cAra patnI karavAnI chUTa che. koI saMjogomAM apaharaNa lagna paNa A komamAM thAya che. maraNanI vidhimAM maulavI-kuMbhAra-bhaMDArIne bolAve. mRta dehane daphanAve che. maraNanI vidhi bAda bakarAM kapAya che. mahoramanA divase tenI yAdamAM keLAM-khajUra vaheMcAya che. Arthika jIvana H A koma mukhyatve dhIMgANAM, corI, lUMTaphATamAM jANItI hatI. Aje A pravRtti baMdha che. rAjyomAM temane saMrakSaNanuM kAma soMpavAmaM AvatuM. ghaNI vAra bIjA rAjyone herAna karavA samAjahita-virodhI pravRttine vadhu vega ane protsAhana maLyAM. teo eka samaye gunegAra gaNAtAM. anya prajA temanAthI DaravA lAgatI. Aje saMjogo badalAyA. AAje teo khetI, pazupAlana, mAchImArano dhaMdho kare che. chUTaka majUrI, mIThAudyoga, TrAnsaporTa ghaNA loko polIsa khAtAmAM ane milamAM majUrI kare. baMdaro upara majUrI kare. Aje bhUjamAM ane kaMDalAmAM kArakhAnAmAM majUrI kare che. sUrajabArImAM macchIkAma kare che. rIksA calAvavAnuM kAma, aMjAra tAlukAnAM miyANA khetI upara nabhe che. dariyAkAMThAmAM vahANavaya ane khalAsIonAM dhaMdhAmAM che. zikSaNanuM pramANa ghaNuM ochuM che. pAdanoMdha : A koma majhahaba sunnI musalamAna che. ghaNA rivAjo hindu praNAlikAne maLatA Ave. mUrtipUjAmAM mAnatA nathI, pIranI daragAhamAM mAne. hAjIpIra mukhya che. pIra, phakIra, oliyA vagerene mAne che. namAjha paDhe che, rojA rAkhe che, moharamamAM mAne che. zabaebArAta-zaba-e kendra - 11mI rajata ida temanA majhabahI tahevAra che. dorAdhAgAmAM mAne che, pIranI duAmAM mAne che. A lokone yogya dizAmAM vALavAnI navI tako ApavI joIe. ApaNI sarakAre pachAtavarga borDanI racanA karI teone Arthika ane zaikSaNika rIte pachAtamAM mUkela che. 1. DaoN. govardhana zarmA, -kaccha kalA ane saMskRti, 1987-, pR.2. 4. bipina thAnakI, kaccha tArI asmitA, 1995, pR.103 2. ejana, pRSTha 2 3. ejana, pRSTha 2. 5. karIma mahaMmada mAstara, mahAgujarAtanAM musalamAno,- 1969,-pR. 330. 6. ThAkorabhAI nAyaka, gujarAtanI pAMca pachAtajAtino paricaya, 1988, pR.24. 7. ba.2. desAI, saurASTranI pachAtakoo, bhAga 1, -pR.97 8. karIma mahaMmada mAstara, purvAkta graMtha, pR. 333. 9. rUbarU mulAkAto,- tA. 12-13-14, jAnyuArI, -1997. pathika, dIpotsavAMka-1997 - 62 For Private and Personal Use Only

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50 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir With Best Compliments To PATHIK for Completion of Thirty Seven Years From Dushyant Joshi Advait Computers Services. Ahmedabad pathika - dIpotsavAMka-1997 * 63 For Private and Personal Use Only

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50 Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir KUNAL Specialist in All type of Outdoor Catering with Punjabi, chinese, Continental and chaat items Ashram Road, opp. Natraj Cinema, Ahmedabad-9. Phone: 6581565/6587800 For Private and Personal Use Only

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navembara '97 Reg. No. GAMC-19 vyAjalIdAma ane uttamu kAma, minalalAve.samRdhibharyuvAna. che paNa CCT ( kudaratI khAtara ne 3 grA. poliyesTara pAuca pekamAM * 5 ane pa0 ki.grA. eca.DI.pI.I, begamAM MINZYME SUPER 1-PUNT GROWTH PROWOTE NEEMOL YCH CONCENTRATE AZ URADO | viziSTa yuriyA koTiMga pAvaDara, nukazAnarahita, jaMtu-pratirodhaka, harbala ane bAyoDIgreDebala che. vanaspati vRddhivardhaka 500 grAma ane 1 ki.grA. poliyesTara pAuca pephamAM 100, 200, 500 mI.lI. 1 lITara ane 5 lITaranA pekamAM tIvra ejhADirekTIna (harbala proDakTasa) pravAhI ane dANAdAra 100, 500 mI.lI., 1 lITara ane 5 lITaranA pemAM thaI jANakArI mATe paMparka praminala sIila enDa egro InDasTrIjha bho mALa, popyulara &usa, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-9ona : pavapakA, 6423722, 448094 - phaR : 9426723 For Private and Personal Use Only