Kala Etle Shu

Author(s): Maganbhai Prabhudas Desai
Publisher: Parivar Prakashan Sahkari Mandir
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032278/1

Page #1
kaLA eTale zuM? [TolsToya kRta 'What is Art?' ] sapAdaka maganabhAI prabhudAsa desAi parivAra prakAzana sahakArImaMdira tti. amadAvAda-13

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zrI maganabhAI desAI samAna TrasTa graMthamALA-1 kaLA eTale zuM? [ TosTaya kRta "What is Art?"] gujarAtImAM utAranAra maganabhAI prabhudAsa desAI "jIvana sau kaLAthI adakuM che. huM to mAnuM chuM ke, jeNe uttama chavI jANyuM te ja khare kalAkAra . . . kaLAnI kiMmata jIvanane unnata banAvavAmAM rahelI che. * * * kaLA jIvananI dAsI che, ane tenI sevA karavAnuM ja tenuM kArya che." -gAMdhIjI mananan parivAra prakAzana sahakArI maMdira li. amadAvAda-13

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kiM prakAzaka kamubahena pu0 che0 paTela vyavasthApaka, parivAra prakAzana sahakArI maMdira liva amadAvAda-13 06:50 mudraka jIvaNajI DAhyAbhAI desAI navajIvana mudraNAlaya, amadAvAda-14 jI maganabhAI prabhudAsa desAI pahelI AvRtti, 1945 bIjI AvRtti, prata 1,000 mukhya vikretA varlDa kalAsika myUjhiyama himAvana, amadAvAda-7 TAbara, 1966

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punarmudraNanuM nivedana TaoNlsTaoNyano A graMtha (gujarAtImAM) 1945 mAM pahelo bahAra paDayo hato. have tenI nakalo khalAsa thaI gaI che, ane e upayogI graMtha maLato nathI, ema eka be mitroe be traNa varSa para kaheluM. sAmAnya vAcako uparAMta, A pustaka kalA aMgenI gujarAta yuninI kaoNlejanA vidyArthIone khAsa joIe, te jotAM paNa te banatI tvarAe sulabha karavuM joIe, evI mAgaNI hatI. A pustakanI prathama AvRtti gUjarAta vidyApITha taraphathI bahAra paDI hatI. navI AvRtti te tarata bahAra pADI na zake ema joIne, bIjo koI mArga vicAravo joIe, ema lAgyuM. "zrI ma0 deva sanmAna TrasTa" taraphathI A tarata prasiddha karI zakAya; ane te chApavAnA kAma aMge "parivAra prakAzana saMsthAe tarata jogavAI karI ApavA jaNAvyuM, AthI A bIjI AvRtti "zrI ma0 de) sanmAna TrasTa taraphathI parivAra prakAzana saMsthA" bahAra pADe che. thoDAka mAsamAM ja A kAma karI ApavAne mATe te baMne saMsthAne AbhArI chuM. gaI AvRttinuM A punarmudraNa che. kAMIka bhUlacUka rahI gayelI pUpha jotAM najaramAM AvI, to te sudhArI lIdhI haze eTaluM ja. eka nAnakaDo umero karyo che, te puravaNI rUpe (pA. 205-6) "vaoNTa ijha TUtha' e (sacitra) lekha pUrato che, te ahIM noMdhavuM joIe. citro maLa aMgrejI graMthamAM ApelAM te parathI ahIM utAryA che; te mATe ahIM ene AbhAra mAnuM chuM. A graMtha viSe mArA vistRta upadyAtamAM kahyuM ja che. tathA gAMdhIjInA kalA vizenA vicAro rajU karatAM keTalAMka avataraNo paNa te

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pachI ApyAM che. A be vastuo maLIne, kaLA vize gAMdhIjI ane TaoNsTaoNyanA vicAro TUMkamAM rajU kare che. eTale te bhAga alaga pustaka rUpe apAya, te te nAnI copaDI kiMmatamAM ochI paDe, ane vAcakane A moTA pustakano sAra emAMthI maLI rahe. tethI e alaga chapAvavAnI sUcanA "parivAra prakAzane svIkArI che, e AnaMdanI vAta che. A punarmudraNane nimitte anuvAda saheje, pUpha rUpe pharI jovAnuM thayuM; tethI kalA viSenuM je bhavya darzana ane sacoTa samarthana TaoNlsTaoNye emAM rajU karyuM che, enI chApa manamAM pharI tAjI thaI. kalAmImAMsAnA sAhityamAM TolsTaoNyanuM A darzana amara vastu che. gujarAtI vAcakone pharI te tvarAbhera ApI zakAyuM, tethI AnaMda thAya che. keTalAMka varSo te maLI na zakaryuM, te mATe vAcakonI kSamA mAgI, A punarmudraNa have bahAra pADI kRtArtha thAuM chuM. 18-8-66 maganabhAI desAI

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che, ja 57 anukramaNikA punarmudraNanuM nivedana upadhAta jIvana ane kalA gAMdhIjI kaLA eTale zuM? 1. prazna zAthI UThe che 2. kaLA eTale sauMdarya ? 3. sauMdarya eTale zuM? 4. javAba maLato nathI 5. kalAnI kharI vyAkhyA 6. beTI vyAkhyAonuM mULakAraNa 7. navI kaLAnI trimUrti 8. kaLAmAM vADAbaMdhI 9. navI kaLAnuM vastu-dAridra 10. navI kaLAnI agamyatA 11. navI kaLAnuM nakalIpaNuM 12. nakalIpaNAnAM traNa kAraNo 13. kalAbhAsane AbAda namUno 14. kaDavuM chatAM sAcuM tyAre A cheH 15. kharI kalAnI nizAnI-tenI cepazakti 16. kharI kalAnA vastu-viSayanI kaTI 17. kharI kalAnI kheTanAM mAThAM phaLa 18. ApaNe tyAre A samajavAnuM che. 19. bhaviSyanI kalA 20. upasaMhAra- kalA ane vijJAna puravaNuM : "UMTa Ijha TUtha?" paricaya-sUci sUci 2pa 101 112 125 136 141 164 176 181 190 205 207 225

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lITI pAna 30 zuddha saudarya kahetI, sadasarvikanI sapha 41 20 zuddhipatra azuddha sauMdarya kahetI sadasaddavivekanI josepha lIjha ajJAna kaeNthalika besTIna, lepeja 82 106 lijhaTa 132 151 178 ajJAta kaeNthalika besTIna lepeja

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upaghAta A pustaka eka jUnA khyAlanA phaLa rUpe Aje prasiddha thAya che tethI AnaMda Upaje che. AlmIra moDe TaoNlsTaoNyanA kalAviSayaka lekhono saMgraha (TaoNlsTaoNya oNna ArTa') I. sa. 1924mAM aMgrejImAM bahAra pADyo; bIje varSe te vAMcavAmAM AvatAM mane lAgyuM ke, teno mukhya bhAga (je A nibaMdha che,) gujarAtImAM utAravo joIe. e khyAlane varaso vItyAM. chevaTe I. sa. 1942-4 nA jelanivAsa daramiyAna e kAma karI zakyo, tethI eka prakAranI kRtakRtyatA paNa thAya che. zarUmAM jelamAM ame eTalA badhA hatA ane AkhuM vAtAvaraNa evuM to khaLabhaLatuM hatuM ke, te bhIDa ane uchALAmAM AvA pustakanuM kAma karI na zakAya. pachI dhIme dhIme temAM sudhAro thato gayo; saMkhyA paNa ochI thatI gaI; ane doDheka varSe mane thayuM ke, have to A kAma eTalA sAru paNa karavuM joIe ke jethI A jelanivAsanuM kAMIka saMbhAraNuM paNa rahe. ema vicArI, e pAchaLa maMDI paDyo ne eka mahinAnI aMdara tene pUruM karyuM. aMte ApelI paricayasUci vagere tyAra bAda bahAra AvIne taiyAra karyA che. eka ArSa graMtha kalA uparano TaoNlsTaoNyano A nibaMdha tenA thoDAka ArSa gaNAtA graMthomAMno eka che. A graMtha vize temaNe ja tenA aMtima prakaraNamAM lakhyuM che: mane nikaTa evA kalAnA viSaya paranuM mAruM A pustaka yathAzakti meM pUruM karyuM che. temAM meM mArI sarva zakti ApI che; teNe mArAM 15 varSa lIdhAM che. A viSaye mArAM 15 varSa lIdhAM che ema kahevAmAM mAre

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20 -- artha e nathI ke A pustaka huM paMdara varSa sudhI lakhato rahyo chuM; paNa mAre eTaluM ja kahevAnuM che ke, 15 varSa upara meM kalA upara lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM ne te ema mAnIne ke, A kAma meM have mAthe lIdhuM che to vagara aTakaye huM te pUruM karI zakIza. paraMtu nIkaLyuM evuM ke, A viSaya paranA mArA vicAre evA to aspaSTa hatA ke, mane saMtoSe evI rIte temane huM gaThavI na zakyo. tyArathI e viSe vicAra karyA karavAnuM mAruM aTakayuM nathI, ane cha sAta vAra meM e pharI pharI lakhavA mAMDayuM; paraMtu dareka veLA, tene ThIka ThIka bhAga lakhyA bAda, te kAmane saMtoSakAraka rIte pUruM karavA huM azakta nIvaDayo, ne tene paDatuM ja mUkavuM paDayuM. have te meM pUruM karyuM che. ane e kAma game tevI kharAba rIte meM karyuM haze, chatAM mane AzA che ke, ApaNA samAjanI kalAe je kheTI dizA pakaDI che ne jene te anusare che, te viSeno, tenA kAraNa vidhe, ane kalAnA kharA dayeya viSeno mAre mULabhUta vicAra kharo che; ane tethI mAruM A lakhANa nirupayogI nahi thAya. . . ." (pA. 190.) AvA zabdomAM TaoNsTaoNya, potAnA jIvananAM chellAM varSonA A kArya viSe lakhe che. emAM emaNe kharcelI mahenata ane lIdhelI cIvaTa . ja nahi, tenI pAchaLa temanuM je ciMtana che teya tene ja anurUpa che. kalAno viSaya Ameya agamya ane gUDha gaNAya che. paraMtu tethI te kAMI amuka ja lokono Theko nathI banato. kalA saune mATe che. kalA dvArA lokomAM dharmasaMsthApana karavAmAM AvyuM che. juo deza dezanA dharmonA vidhi ane kriyAkAMDo, maMdiro tathA mUrtio, dhArmika citro tathA kalpanakathAo ane purANo. A badhuM kalA dvArA sadhAyuM che. ema ja nahi, mAnava jIvanane mAraka ke tAraka banI zake evI nAjukamAM nAjuka, je strIpuruSa-saMbaMdhanI vastu, temAMya kalAe sArI peThe bhAga bhajavyo che. nRtya, saMgIta i0thI dharmasaMgaThanamAM ja nahi, paraMtu samAja saMgaThanamAMya tenI dvArA sArI peThe kAma levAyAM che. kalA ethI paNa vicAravAno muddo bane che. ane mAnava arthakAraNamAM te kevo muddo bane che e te TaoNsTaoNya A graMthanA AdimAM ane temanA " tyAre karIzuM zuM?' e graMthamAMya

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batAve che. kalAne mATe paNa pAra vagarano mAnavazrama joIe che; ane tenAM phaLano upabhoga te zramanA karanAranA karatAM te na karanAra mATe bhAge kare che. te barobara che ? - A prazna paNa kaLA aMge UThe che. ane sauthI moTo prazna to e che ke, A "kalA' 'kalA' kahIne phUTyA karavAmAM Ave che e vastu che zuM? enuM koI vyApaka lakSaNa ke kasoTI che kharAM? ke pachI tenI khAM thaIne mAthe vAgelI ToLInA lokono mata ja eno nirNAyaka che ? ane teo ghaNe bhAge 'AMdhaLAno goLIbAra' ja nathI ramatA hotA? teomAM bhalatAM kAraNonI asaro kAma nathI karatI hotI ? bIjAM kAMI nahi toya teoe kalA bAbata ApaNane sAdI saraLa samaja to ApavI ja joIe. Ama kalA mAnavajAtanA caturvidha puruSArthamAM otaprota rahelI cIja che. tene amuka khAsa lokanI cIja na kahI zakAya. chatAM lAge che ema. e barobara che? nA, to te zuM che? - AnA je uttara ane samaja TaoNlsTaoNya A pustakamAM Ape che, te game te vAcakane paNa UMDe asara karyA vagara nahi rahe. je AMtara pratItinA jozathI ane mAnava hitanI kaLakaLathI e lakhe che, ne temAM je prAmANika anubhavanI lAgaNInuM pUra relAve che, te vAcakane sasare hRdayamAM pahoMcyA vagara rahe ema nathI. ethI karIne A nibaMdha poteya gadyakalAno eka uttama namUno banyo che, emAM zaMkA nathI. e vAMcIne aMgreja vivecaka e. bI. vaoNkalIe lakhyuM hatuM, "TaoNlsTaoNya kevo adbhuta gadyakalAkAra che! kevuM tenuM joma ane kevuM TUMkANa! ane kevI sacoTa asara !" mahAna sAdhakanI prasAdI TaoNlsTaoNyanuM jIvana joIe te tarata samajAya che ke, tene graMtha bIjI jAtano hoI na zake. TaoNlsTaoNyane kalAne aMgenuM koI philasUphika pIMjaNa karavuM nahotuM. yuropamAM aneka adhyApakoe temanI pUrve vidyApIThomAM kalAmImAMsA aMge AvuM kAma karyuM hatuM. te e paraMparAnA nahotA.

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temane kalA aMgeno A prazna potAnA jIvanamAMthI jAgyo hato. te emanI aMtarmukhatAnuM phaLa hato. 50 varSanI uMmare pahoMcatAM sudhImAM te yuropamAM eka uttama sAhityakAra tarIke nIvaDI cUkelA hatA. paraMtu e mAtra sAhityakAra nahotA. te eka satyazodhaka sAdhaka paNa hatA. jIvanane kalAkAranI nAjuka saMvedanAthI te anubhavanAra hatA. kuzaLa philasUphanI tIkSNa vedhakatA emanI buddhimAM hatI. ane e buddhi dharma ke sAmAjika vADA yA rUDhi i0 thI svataMtra hatI. ane sauthI khAsa to e ke, te potAnI AsapAsanA jIvanane ane potAne paNa, UMDe UtarIne ane apramAdapUrvaka nihALanAra, ane cakAsI jonAra hatA.* saoNkreTIsa peThe e bhAre jijJAsu hatA. potAnA kALanA yuropamAM, raziyAmAM, moskomAM ane potAnI jamInadArInAM gAmaDAMmAM ane potAnA amIra gharamAM, eTale ke, amIra umarAvomAM,-badhe je kAMI te jue-jANe, teno taMta kADhavA te saheje prerAtA. saoNkreTIsa peThe emaNe yuddha paNa joyuM hatuM. ane raNakSetro para sainiko jyAre pazu peThe laDI laDIne jaDatAnI UMgha kADhatA, tyAre A saMvedanabharyo mAnavAtmA te saMhAramAMya jaDa na banatAM, raNakSetranI maraNa-bhUmikAmAM jIvanatatvane citavato. Ama, amIra jIvananA ArAmamAM paNa, zAkaya muni jevA rAjarSi svabhAvane e mANasa jIvananAM mULatattvone vicAra bhUlatA nahi. kalAkAra-mAnasanuM eka evuM lakSaNa lAge che ke, iMdriyAnubhava ane tenAM sukhadu:khanA Avego te nAjukAIthI ne tIvrapaNe mANe che, paNa tenI ja sAthe--kadAca tene ja nimitte te mAnava hRdayamAM rahelAM UMDAM tattvone paNa pAme che. AvI benALI saMvedanA kalAkIya prakRtinuM lakSaNa to na hoya? e game te ho, TaoNlsTaoNya prakRtie AvA hatA. saMgIta mATe temane bhAre zokha hato, ema pote ka meDa ("TaoNlsTaoNya na ATa', pA. 97) A saMbaMdhamAM kahe che ke, "kharekhara, temanA A kAmane mATe te pUrA lAyaka hatA. . . . e arthe emanI pAse mANaso ane pustakonuM bhAre jJAna hatuM, jIvanane bahoLo anubhava hato, ane buddhi tathA aMtarAtmAno avAja e be sivAya koI sattAnA baMdhanamAMthI e mukta hatA."

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13 ja jaNAve che. 19mA saikAnA jhArazAhI raziyAnAM amIrI amanacamananA e bhAktA ane sAkSI hatA. sAmethI tenA ja phalarUpa ke pAyArUpa evI je kheDu prajAnI kaMgAliyata, te paNa temaNe jAte joI hatI. AvA vipula anubhava-rAzimAMthI zarUmAM temaNe kathA nATako i0 kalAkRtio ApI. emAM emane nAmanA paNa bhAre maLI. paraMtu e emanuM iti nahAtuM. ghaNA sAdhako zarUmAM jema bhakta kavi bane che ne pachI aMte jJAnI kavi thAya che, ema TaoNlsTaoNyamAM paNa jovA maLe che. te I. sa. 1828mAM janmyA; ane I. sa. 1910mAM temaNe deha cheADI. upara joyuM ema, zarUnAM 50 varSo kathA-kRtiomAM gayA bAda, tenA paripAka rUpe ja jJAna-graMtho janmavA lAgyA. A graMtho gadyakalAnA namUnA che; paNa e te enI sacATa zailInuM varNana thayuM. kharuM jotAM e graMthA arvAcIna yuropanAM vividha jIvanakSetronI talasparzI samIkSArUpa darzanagraMthA jevA che. ane emanA jIvana-caritakAra maoNDa kahe che ema: aneka vaSaeN navalakathAe lakhI, ne yuropamAM tekA nA AgevAnAmAM eka tarIkenI nAmanA paNa meLavI; tyAra pachI emanI sAme mAnava jIvananA UMDAmAM UMDA savAlo AvIne UbhA, ke jemanAthI te khacI na zake, eTale temanu pustakA lakhavAnuM baMdha thyuM eTaluM ja Ahi, emane ema lAgyu ke, jo cAkhyuM mAdAna na maLe-jIvananeA hetu ane atha zA che te spaSTa na samajAya, ke jethI makkama Dagale cAlI zakAya, te pote jIvI ja nahi zake. Ama temane mATe A prazno kevaLa kutUhalI ke tArkika mAtra nahAtA; paNa jIvananI kharAkharInA hatA. Ama dhamamAtranA mULamAM rahelAM satyonuM pharI saMzeAdhana karavA pAchaLa te peAtAnAM bAkInAM varSo vyatIta karavA lAgyA." ('TaeNAtsyAya auna A ' - 97. ) (( 6 AvA UMDA manomaMthanamAthI je graMtho janmyA, temAMno eka ane aMtima te A chA TaLe zuM?' che. te emaNe I. sa. 1898 mAM pUro karyo. A agAu, ane kaho ke AvA samartha nirUpaNanI pUrvataiyArImAM ja jANe, temaNe potAnAM Arthika, sAmAjika, dhArmika tathA rAjakIya manomaMthano bahAra pADayAM hatAM. A badhA graMthonuM eka sAmAnya lakSaNa e hotuM ke, te bhAgye ja raziyAmAM to chapAvI zakAtA, kema ke temAM

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rajU thatA vicAro sudhArIne khUMce evA bhAre krAMtikArI ane rUDhi-virodhI hotA. tethI raziyAmAM temano pracAra "deza bahAra chapAya tyAMthI chUpI rIte ANelI gerakAyadesara' nakalo dvArA ke ke khAnagI rIte litho ke evA sAdhanathI chApelI nakalo dvArA ja thaI zakato." (maoNDa-jIvanakathA 2-160) TaoNsTaoNyanI jIvana-samIkSA-mALA A graMthamALAno krama paNa bodhaka che. zarUAta "kanvezana' ke Atmanivedana dvArA (1878) thAya che. temAM te potAnA varganuM ane maMDaLanA lokonuM jIvana tapAse che, jemAM madhyabiMdu alabatta pote che. kalAnA potAnA A graMthanI zarUmAM je savAla TaoNlsTaoNya uThAve che, te A Adi graMthamAM paNa - bhale ATalI spaSTatA vagara, chatAM - e jue che: - amane badhAne tyAre khAtarIbaMdha lAgatuM ke, banatI badhI utAvaLa karIne bolavuM, lakhavuM, cItaravuM, e amAre mATe jarUranuM che, kema ke e badhuM mAnavajAtanA bhalAne mATe joIe che. . . . . "hajAro kArIgaro dahADorAta pitAnI badhI zakti khacI ne chApakAma pAchaLa vaitaruM karatA; TapAlakhAtuM tene AkhA raziyAmAM phelAvatuM; ane ame te amAre upadeza jhIMkaye ja rAkhatA, ne temAM tRpti nahotI thatI, paNa e gusso karatA ke, amArA tarapha pUratuM dhyAna nathI apAtuM. . . . "amArA aMtaranA UMDANamAM je sAcuM hatuM te to bane eTalI kIrti ane lakSamI ja meLavavAnuM. te sAru copaDIo lakhavA sivAya ame bIjuM karI zakatA nahi, ane e ame karatA. paraMtu AvuM nakAmuM kAma che karavuM ane manamAM khAtarI rAkhavI ke, ame te bhAre mahattvanA loka chIe, ene sAru amAre tenA samarthanane vAda joIe. eTale amArAmAM eno vAda yojavAmAM Avyo . . . . A vAdamAM ame sau saMmata hota toya ThIka, paraMtu amArAmAM koI eka vicAra kahe to bIje tethI sAva sAmeno kaheto. AthI amAre vicAramAM paDavuM joItuM hatuM, paNa ame tene visAre pADatA. . . .

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"have mane spaSTa dekhAya che ke, gAMDAnI ispitAla jevuM A badhuM hatuM. tyAre te mane AnI AchI jhAMkhImAtra ja hatI, ane badhA gAMDA pitA sivAyanA saune gAMDA kahe che ema, huM badhAne gAMDA kahete. " Ama uttarArdhanA nava-jIvananI zarUmAM ja A vikhyAta lekhakane potAnI pravRtti vize prazna UThe che. emAMthI e dharmanA ciMtanamAM paDe che ane bAibalano abhyAsa karI, "gaoNspelo' - navA karAranI suvArtA ono potAno anuvAda ane artha bahAra pADe che (1881). ane - e ciMtanamAMthI AgaLa I. sa. 1883mAM potAnI je zraddhA baMdhAya che, teno graMtha "vaoNTa AI bilIva" ("mArI zraddhA') bahAra pADe che. ahiMsA ke apratikAra, jAtamahenata ke zarIrazrama, kAmavAsanA para vijaya, i0 jIvanato A graMthamAM jovA maLe che. ane tyAra pachI te potAnA jIvanamAM paNa palaTo kare che. A AkhA parivartana viSe maoNDa TUMkamAM lakhe che ke, "TaoNlsTaoNyanA jIvananAM eka pachI eka AvatAM pAsAM ekamekamAM evAM to otaprota saMkaLAIne UghaDatAM jAya che ke, emanuM vargIkaraNa karI batAvavAno kazo prayatna bhAgye ja saMtoSa Ape evo thaI zake che. ema kahI devA mana thAya che ke, 1885 sudhImAM te potAno navajIvana-mArga cokasa apanAvI rahyA hatA." (pA. 204- graMtha 2.) te varSamAM e mAMsAhAra, zikAra, ane tamAku choDe che. bIje varSa khetaramAM majUrI karavA lAge che. ane A ja varasamAM te Arthika jIvananI mImAMsA karato potAno graMtha -'tyAre karIzuM zuM?' prasiddha kare che. kaLAne mATenI kaDI majUrI ane tenuM arthazAstra A copaDImAM vadhu spaSTatA pAme che,- joke temAM kaLA aMge khAsa carcA nathI. Ane khAsa viSaya Arthika hato ane e ja muddo AgaLa 1900mAM "dhI slevarI oNpha avara TAimsa' ("ApaNA yuganI gulAmI') nAmanA eka nibaMdhamAM temaNe sApha zabdomAM kahyo che. A pachI te jIvananA vicAramAM AgaLa vadhe che ane "na lAipha" ("jIvana vize ) e nAno nibaMdha lakhe che. be varSa bAda te

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kujhara sonATA" nAmathI eka kyA lakhe che, jemAM te saMgIta ane strIpuruSasaMbaMdha vacce kevI gAMTha che, e batAve che. saMgItathI bhraSTa paNa thaI zakAya, e emAM batAvyuM che. saMgItanI udAtta asara paNa che, e TosTaoNya mAne to che; paraMtu te AmAMthI e vicAra tarapha vaLe che ke, kalA-khAtara-kalA nahi, paNa jIvanane khAtara badhuM ja che tema ja kalA paNa hovI joIe. joke, A spaSTatA A kathAmAM to nathI. te to chevaTanI A kalA-mImAMsAnI copaDImAM ja Ave che. astu. tyAra pachInAM varSomAM temanA ciMtanAtmaka graMthomAM "IzvaranuM rAjya tamArA aMtaramAM che' (1893), "khristI dharma ane dezAbhimAna', "dharma ane nIti, "buddhi ane dharma' (1894), "dezAbhimAna ane zAMti (1896), e prasiddha thAya che. ane be varSa pachI-1898mAM, te badhA graMthonA samAropa ke samanvaya jevo A kalAgraMtha bahAra pADe che. vAcaka joze ke, uparanA badhA nibaMdhono nicoDa, eka kalAkAranI chaTAbhera, A graMthamAM AvI jAya che. kAraNa ughADuM che: TaoNlsTaoNyane mana kalA mahAna vastu che. te raMjana nathI, khela nathI, paNa jIvana ghaDanAra eka Ama-paribaLa che. 1878mAM "Atmanivedana karatAM emane potAnA kalAkArya vize zaMkA UThI, teno vIsa varSe te A nibaMdha dvArA ukela potAnI jAtane Ape che, ane kahe che ke, "A mAruM lakhANa nirupayogI nahi thAya . . . (kema ke) mAro mULa vicAra kharo che." kaLA mULe zuM che TaoNlsTaoNye potAne A javAba evo pagathiyAvAra mUkyo che ke, temanA nibaMdhanuM ochuM jovAthI paNa tenI saLaMga rUparekhA maLI jAya che. vIsa prakaraNamAM nibaMdha pUro thAya che. temaNe temanAM nAma nathI pADyAM. ahIM AgaLa ApaNe temanA javAbane ja TUMkamAM joIzuM.

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17 eka jagAe temaNe kahyuM che ema, bALaka paNa samajI zake evI saraLatAthI vastu mUkI zakAya, to te tenI sAcI samajanI pAkI kasoTI che, ema mAnavuM. emanI kalAdRSTi A kasoTImAM pAra paDe evI che. manuSya sAmAjika prANI che. arasaparasa vinimaya karavAnI tene svAbhAvika bhUkha hoya che - eka prakAranI adamya AMtarika bhUkha hoya che. tethI cittamAM pratIta thavuM ane tene vyakta karavuM, e eka ja anubhavanAM be pAsAM che. dahI ane deha, tema A pratyaya ane tenuM vyaMjana che. A vastu mAnava cittanI khAsiyata che. tene lIdhe mANasa rAnI pazuM na rahetAM, mAnava prANI ane sAmAjika prANI bane che;- je vastu tenAmAM ane nIcalI yoniomAM bheda pADanArI che. A vinimaya mANasa be vastuno sAdhe che: 1. tarka ke buddhithI tene je vicAra Ave teno; 2. manamAM lAgaNI phure teno. ane te mATe tene potAnAM be sAdhana che:- vicAra-vinimaya karavA mATe mANasa bhASA vApare che; ane bhAvanA ke lAgaNIne vinimaya karavAnuM tenuM sAdhana kalA che. Ama "kalA e manuSya manuSya vacce vinimayanuM eka sAdhana che.' ane e sAdhanano "AdhAra e hakIkata para che ke, eka mANasa pote anubhavelI Urmi ke lAgaNI vyakta kare, tene sAmo mANasa pitAnAM kAna ke AMkhathI jhIlIne anubhavI zake che." (33.) "Ama sAmA mANasanI lAgaNIono AviSkAra jhIlIne pote jAte temane anubhavI zakavuM, evA prakAranI je manuSya-zakti, tenA upara kalApravRtti avalaMbe che." (33.) eTale "kartAe anubhavelI lAgaNIothI jo zrotA ke prekSaka varga cepAya, to te kRti kalA che. (35.) "pote eka vAra anubhavelI lAgaNI pAchI potAmAM jagavavI, ane ema karIne pAchI tene, halanacalana, rekhA, raMga, dhvani ke zabda-citraNa dvArA bIjAone evI rIte pahoMcADavI, ke jethI te ja lAgaNI teo anubhave, - kalApravRtti A vastu che." (35)

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28 - Ama "kalA-e manuSyomAM ekatA ke milananuM sAdhana che." eno kudaratI pAyo e che ke, manuSya-citta sAmAnI lAgaNI jhIlI zake che. tethI ja to " kalAnI kriyA ati mahattvanI mAnavapravRtti che. khuda bhASAnI kriyA jeTalI tenI mahattA che, ane manuSyamAM te eTalI ja sarvasAmAnya vyApelI che." (37.) A jo kalA hoya to, te AvA "tenA vizALa arthamAM, ApaNA AkhA jIvanamAM sabhara vyApe che. . . . . hAlaraDuM, majAka, cALA ke nakala, ghara-zaNagAra, vastra ane vAsaNaphUsaNathI mAMDIne prArthanA, imArato, smArako, vijaya - AvI AvI vividha badhI' vastuo kalAkRtio gaNAya. ane temanAthI "AkhuM mAnava jIvana bhareluM che.' (37.) ane TaoNlsTaoNya ema ja kahe che; ne tethI ja te jaNAve che ke, kalA eka prAthamika ane mULabhUta mAnava-pravRtti che. . paraMtu sAmAnya rIte "kalA" zabda AvA badhAne nathI lagADAto. te " ApaNe mAtra tenA thoDA ja AviSkArone, tenA maryAdita arthamAM lagADIe chIe. thiyeTaro, saMgIta-jalasA, ane pradarzanamAM je ApaNe joIe ke sAMbhaLIe, tene ja kalA samajavAne ApaNe TevAyA chIe." (37) jayAre kharuM jotAM, "A badhuM te, jIvanamAM jenAthI ApaNe Apale karIe chIe evuM je kalA-sAdhana, teno nAnAmAM nAno ja bhAga che." (37.) Ama kema? mAnavajIvanamAM jyAM tyAM paDelA ATalA badhA vipula kalA-rAzimAMthI ATaluM ja kema pasaMda thAya che? ene ja kema mahattva maLyuM che ? ene koI kAyado che? A praznano javAba e A graMthano bIjo ne moTo eka maulika muddo che. kalAnI uparanI pAyArUpa vyAkhyAne ja anurUpa ane samagra mAnavajAtane vyApaka evuM e vivecana che. TaoNlsTaoNyanuM jIvanadarzana emAM nicoDa rUpe AvI jAya che. temAM mAnava itihAsanI eka sanAtana bAju paNa tevA ja eka sanAtana siddhAMta rUpe te rajU kare che. te joIe.

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tenI maryAdAne kAyade A kAyado samajavAne mATe prathama to e bhUlavuM na joIe ke, kalA eka mAnava pravRtti che. teno hetu mAnava mAnava vacce lAgaNI ono vinimaya karavAno che. eTale, bIjI aneka vastuo peThe, kalAno vicAra paNa jIvanathI alaga rIte kadI na karI zakAya. TaoNlsTaoNyanA kalAdarzananI jo khAsiyata hoya to A che- " tenuM jIvanadarzana evuM hatuM ke, kaLAne jIvanathI aLagI karI eka alaga vADAmAM pUrI devAnI pravRtti, ke jethI kaLA na jIvana para asara karI zake ke na jIvana tenA upara, tene ja te inkAra karatuM hatuM." (maoNDa-98). mAnava jIvananA mULa vicArane ke tenA hetune alaga rAkhIne koI mAnava pravRtti buddhipura:sara ke sayuktika vicArI na zakAya. A sAmAnya kAyado kaLAne paNa lAgu paDe che. ane te kAyado dhyAnamAM rAkhIne joIe to ja kaLA kahevAtI mAnava pravRttino artha samajI zakAya che. balka, jo tema na karIe to te artha samajavAmAM bhUla ja khAIe ane tethI AkhA jIvananI dRSTi ja cUMthAI jAya. * eka meDa kahe che ("kaLA" - pA. 98) koyaDAnAM pAnAM pUravAmAM eka khAnAnI cIja bIjA khAnAmAM mUko, AkhA ko caDo nahi goThavAya; paraMtu badhI cIjo barAbara goThavAI rahe to te parathI ja ughADuM jaNAya ke, te potAne sthAne barobara AvI gaI che. TesTa A upamA varSo pUrve aniSTa sAme apratikAranA temanA siddhAMtanuM pratipAdana karatI vakhate vAparelI. ema ja kalA, aMge paNa che. je tene khoTI rIte samajIe, te te ApaNI AkhI jIvana-samajane ja cUMthI nAkhI gUMcavADAmAM nAkhe. sAcI dharma pratItinI cAvIthI ApaNe kalAne jIvananA nakazAmAM barAbara tenA khAnAmAM mUkI zakIe chIe; eTale pachI te rAjakAraNa, arthakAraNa, strIpuruSasaMbaMdha, vijJAna, ane mAnava pravRttinAM bIjAM badhAM pAsAMnI sAcI samajanI joDe barAbara goThavAI rahe che."

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20 -- A moTI-vAte je nahi samaje, tene TaoNlsTaoNyanuM kaLAnuM darzana nahi samajAya. e moTI vAtane koI inkArI te na ja zake, e ughADuM che. jIvanathI caDiyAtuM bIjAM zuM che? AvA majabUta pAyA para TaoNsTaoNya AgaLa vadhe che ane kahe che ke, jIvanamAM je vipula kalArAzi paDelo che temAMthI amuka jene ApaNe vINI laIe chIe ane khAsa mahattva ApIe chIe? te tapAsatAM teno evo dhorI niyama jovA maLe che ke, " manuSyoe hameza temAMnA e ja bhAgane mahattva ApyuM che, ke je temanI dharmapratItimAMthI jharatI lAgaNIonuM vahana kare che. A nAnA bhAgane teoe khAsa karIne kaLA kahI che, ane kalA zabdane pUrNa artha tene lagADayo che." A dharmapratIti zuM che? e koI sAMpradAyika ke vADAbaMdhI vastu nathI. (pR0 144.) jema kalA eka mAnava citta-vibhUti che, tema ja dharmapratIti dareka mAnava ane tenA samAjamAM rahelI che: dareka yugamAM ane dareka mAnava samAjamAM, te te AkhA samAjane sarvasAdhAraNa evA, zuM sAruM ane zuM naThAruM ema kahetI, sadasavivekanI amuka dharmabhAvanA ke dharmabuddhi mejUda hoya che ane kaLA vaDe je lAgaNIo vahana thAya, temanI kimata A dharmadRSTi TharAve che. tethI badhI prajAomAM, potAnI AvI sarvasAdhAraNa dharmabuddhi je lAgaNIone sArI gaNe, temanuM vahana karatI kaLA sArI lekhAtI ane tene uttejana apAtuM, paraMtu A sarvasAmAnya dharmabhAvanA je lAgaNIone kharAba gaNe, temane vahatI kaLA kharAba gaNAtI ane tene rada karavAmAM AvatI. tyAra pachInuM bAkInuM meTuM kalAkSetra, ke je vaDe loke arasaparasa lAgaNIvinimaya kare che, tenI jarAya pata thatI nahi. ane je yugamAnya dharmabhAvanAthI te sAme jAya te ja tenI khabara levAtI, ane te tene pheMkI devAne mATe ja. grIka, yahUdI, hiMdI, misarI, ane cInI sau prajAomAM Ama ja hatuM, ane khristI dharma Ape tyAre paNa ema ja hatuM."(41.) ane A dharmabhAvanA koI sUkSma ke amuka gaNatara lokane ja gamya evI kazI khAsa cIja nathI hotI. AkhA samAjane AvarIne

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rahetI tenI tAkAta te hoya che. tethI ja te te samAja eka sAMskRtika samUha banIne rahe che. kAna kahe che ke, dareka jAtane, dareka jamAtane allAe pegaMbaro ApyA che, e uparanA ja siddhAMtanuM samarthaka vAkya che. hiMduonA avatAra-vAdane paNa A siddhAMta sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. TaoNlsTaoNya e ja vastune saraLa karIne kahe che ke mAnavajAta satata sArA ke ucca jIvana tarapha pragati kare che. jema nadI vahe che to tene dizA to haze ja, tema ja mAnava samAja no itihAsamAM vate che to tenA vartanane dizA hoya ja. A dizA e te te samAjanI dharmabhAvanA che. ane " hareka mAnava hilacAlanI peThe AmAM paNa tenA netA hoya che. (netAo, eTale ke, evA mANaso ke jeo bIjA karatAM jIvanano artha vadhAre spaSTa samaje che.) ane AvA AgaLa vadhelA mANasemAM hameza eka evo mANasa hoya che, ke je A jIvananA arthane bIjA karatAM vadhAre spaSTatAsaraLatA ane baLapUrvaka, potAnI vANIthI ane potAnA jIvanathI vyakta karato hoya che.' (39.) AvA mANasanI smRtinI AsapAsa, kALAMtare, jene "dharma' kahevAya te jANe che, e vicAra ahIM choDIe. kahevAnI matalaba e che ke, AvA baMdhAyelA dharmo paNa e kALanI spaSTa zuddha dhArmikatAnA pratinidhi hoya che. eTale ke, dareka samAja pAse potAnI dharmadRSTi ke jIvananA parama arthanI samaja yA vikAsadizA hoya che. A vastu tenA samagra puruSArthanI niyAmaka bane che ane te niyamanamAM kalA paNa AvI ja jAya che. eTale, kalAno maryAdita artha je cAlu che te paNa samAjajIvananA vikAsanA AvA mULa kAyadAmAMthI che. kalAnI maryAdA AMkato kAyado tyAre A che. eTale prazna thAya che,- zuM A kAyado jaDa sthira che? enuM svarUpa zuM? enI sArAsAratAno AdhAra zAnI upara? TaoNlsTaoNyane Ano uttara joIe.

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22 - kalA ane vijJAna Ano uttara ApavA TaoNlsTaoNya kaLA jevI ja ApaNI bIjI maulika mAnava-pravRttino vicAra rajU kare che. te pravRtti eTale vijJAna. te kahe che ke, kalA-jala zuddha saraLa vahe te mATe jarUranuM che ke, "tenA ja jeTalA mahattvanI ane tene najIkanA saMbaMdhavALI evI je bIjI AdhyAtma mAnava-pravRtti vijJAna, ke jenA upara kalAno haMmeza AdhAra rahelo che, te paNa kalAnI mAphaka," potAnA yuganI sAcI dharmapratItine vaphAdAra rahevI joIe. "zarIranAM hRdaya ane phephasAMnI jema kalA ane vijJAna ekabIjA joDe niTa joDAyelAM che." (191.). kalAnI peThe vijJAna paNa, "tenA vyApaka arthamAM, zakya evA badhA ja jJAnanuM vahana che; paraMtu, tenA maryAdita arthamAM, ApaNe mahattvanA gaNelA jJAnane ja vahe, tene ApaNe vijJAna nAma ApIe chIe." (191.) ane A mahattva ApavAno kAyado paNa pAcho e ja yugadharmanuM darzana ke dharmabuddhi ja hoya che. vijJAna ane kaLA beu maLIne ene upakAraka bane che; ene upakAraka banavAmAM beunI satyatA, kRtArthatA ane itikartavyatA che. A dharmabuddhi gana jamAnAmAM amuka hatI. grIka ane Adi romano tene vaphAdAra rahI kalAsarjana karatA, to temanI kaLA mazahUra thaI. ane tema ja bIjI prajAo ane dezomAM thayuM che. kema ke e to siddha vAta che ke, "dareka itihAsayugamAM ane dareka mAnava samAjamAM jIvananA artha ke sArthakatAnI amuka samaja mojUda hoya che. . . . jo ApaNane dekhAya ke, ApaNA samAjamAM to dharmapratItinI evI vastu che nahi, to tenuM kAraNa e nathI ke, kharekhara te che ja nahi, paNa (te hayAta hovA chatAM) tene ApaNe jovA mAgatA nathI; ane te eTalA sAru ke, ApaNuM jIvana e dharmapratIti pramANe cAlatuM nathI e hakIkatane te pratIti ughADI pADe che." (142.)

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23 eTale ApaNe carcAe chIe e bAbatane uttara, ApaNI AjanI yugadharmapratIti zI che, e samajavAmAM rahelo che. kalA ane vijJAne Aja ene vaphAdAra rahevuM joIe. TaoNlsTaoNya eno sApha javAba Ape che ke, A pratIti Izu khrista ApelI jIvanadRSTi che: "ApaNA samayanI dharmapratIti, tenA vyApakamAM vyApaka ane vadhAremAM vadhAre vahevAru arthamAM, evA jAgrata bhAnamAM rahelI che ke, ApaNuM bhautika tema ja AdhyAtmika, vaiyaktika tema ja sAmudAyika, eNhika tema ja pAralaukika ke zAzvata, evuM je ubhaya kalyANa, te manuSyomAM bhrAtRbhAvanI abhivRddhimAM - ekameka sAthe premabharyA meLamAM raheluM che." (145.) ane te AgaLa kahe che ke, A darzana Izu khristanuM ja nathI; paNa "bhUtakALanA yugonA badhA uttama puruSoe kahyuM che eTaluM ja nahi, ApaNA yuganA uttama puruSoe anekavidha bAjuethI ane vividha rUpomAM pharI pharIne te kahyuM che eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu manuSyajAtanA bahusUtra puruSArthane pAmavAnI cAvI tarIke te pratIti kayAranuM kAma daI rahI che." (145.) AthI te aphasa kare che ke, kalA peThe vijJAneya ADe mArge gayuM che ane AzA vyakta kare che ke, kalAnI temanI A samIkSA peThe vijJAnanI paNa samIkSA koka karaze ne vijJAnane A mahAna hetusara ThekANe lAvaze. ( pA. 201.) kAraNa ke, "kalAthI vahana thatI lAgaNIo vijJAna pAsethI maLatA pAyA upara Uchare che- vadhe che." (200.) 'kalA hameza vijJAna upara AdhAra rAkhe che.' jIvanamAM vijJAnane AthI UMcuM sthAna ke kiMmata yA kadara bhAgye ja maLI zake. TaoNlsTaoNya kahe che ke, Aje to samagra jJAnavijJAna batAve che ke, "manuSyonI sAmAnya dharmapratIti mAnavabaMdhutA che . . . manuSyanuM kalyANa tenA mAnavabaMdhuo sAthenI ekatAmAM raheluM che. " paraMtu, mAnavajAtano vikAsa uttarottara caDatI vastu che. e koI sthiratA nathI, pragatizIlatA che. "mAnavajAta jIvananI potAnI nIcalI kakSAnI

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24 AMzika ne aspaSTa samajamAMthI, sarakhAmaNImAM vadhAre vizALa ane spaSTatara evI UMcI bhUmikAe satata pragati kare che." (39) eTale TaoNlsTaoNya potAnA nibaMdhane aMte kahe che ke, saMbhava che ke, bhaviSyamAM vijJAna kalAne hajI vadhAre navIna ane vadhAre "UMcA Adarzo pragaTa karI batAve. paraMtu ApaNA samayamAM kalAnuM acUka kArya spaSTa ne cokasa che: khristI kaLAnuM kAma manuSyomAM baMdhubhAvanI ekatA sthApavAnuM che." (2004) A kaLAnI temanI kalpanA have joIe, te jovAthI jaNAze ke, e koI saMkucita ke ekamArgI nathI -- mAnava samAja AkhAne AvaranAra te che. balka, temanI phariyAda e che ke, kaLAne nAme Aje je cAle che te amuka vADAbaMdhI ja che; dhanI ane majUriyAta vacce teNe atUTa paDado nAkhyo che, ane tethI beune - eTale ke, samagra samAjane -- veThavuM paDe che. A vidhAnanA samarthanamAM A nibaMdhano ThIka ThIka bhAga ApavAmAM Avyo che. e AkhI samIkSA pote paNa eka samartha itihAsakAranI jhINI najara batAve che. e bhAga ahIM na joIe paraMtu jene TaoNlsTaoNya "khristI" kaLA kahe che te TUMkamAM jovAthI temanuM kalAdarzana pUruM najara sAme AvI rahe che. vAcaka joze ke, kaLAne "khristI ' vizeSaNa lagADavAmAM AvyuM che, paNa teno artha vizALa samajavAno che, je ApaNe upara joI AvyA. e paNa yAda rAkhavuM joIe ke, TaoNlsTaoNya mukhyatve gorA khristI samAjane mATe - yuropa mATe bolI rahyA che. arvAcIna kaLA khristI kaLAno Adarza e ja sAco ane yogya che, e batAvatI carcA javA daI, te samIkSA karatAM je pariNAma upara TaoNlsTaoNya pahoMce che, e joIe. te pariNAma bhAre krAMtikArI ane yugaparivartaka che, e emane barobara khabara che. tethI te kahI de che ke, e "svIkArAze

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25 ke gaMbhIratAthI tene vicAra paNa thaze ke kema, e vize mane ochI ja AzA che, chatAM kalAnA praznane aMge saMzodhana karatAM je anivArya nirNaya upara te mane laI gayuM che, te mAre pUrepUro kahevo ja joIe." ane te A che --- "A saMzodhanathI mane khAtarI thaI che ke, ApaNo samAja jene kalA - sArI kalA - kalA-samasta gaNe che, lagabhaga te badhuM kharI ke sArI ke samasta kalA hovAnuM to kyAMya rahyuM, te muddala kalA ja nathI, paNa tenI nakala mAtra che." (pA. 125.). ane pote ja tenA upara TIkA paNa noMdhe che - "mane khabara che ke, A vicAra-sthiti ati vicitra ane avaLI ja lAgaze." paraMtu te kahe che ke, kalAnI je vyAkhyA ApaNe upara joI te svIkAratAM A nirNaya upara lAcArIthI mane kamane paNa pahoMcavuM paDe che. (125). ane satyane khAtara tema karyA vinA chUTako nathI. yuropanI arvAcIna kalA uparano TaoNlsTaoNyano A bhAga sArI peThe chaMcheDe evo che. enA keTalAka muddA para barnADa zaoN jevAe TIkAo karI che. maoNDa pote paNa kahe che ke, "TaoNlsTaoNya potAnI vastu jorathI ne bhArapUrvaka mUkanAra lekhaka che; te je kahevA mAgatA hoya te barobara kahe che, ane koka vAra to vadhAre paDatA bhArathI paNa kahe che."nibaMdhanA e vibhAgamAM evuM lAgavA saMbhava paNa che. paraMtu te badhA sAme barnArDa zaoNe ApelI cetavaNI ahIM TAMkavI basa che : gAphela ke bAghA lokone A copaDI barobara banAvI javAmAM pahele naMbara che. cIlecaluM samAlocaka enI sAme jarUra amuka vAMdhe kADhavAne ja; te badhAne lekhaka sAva tucchakArI kADhIne potAnuM lakhavAnuM lakhe che. . . (paraMtu) kalA viSe kharekhara jANanAra harakoI mANasane pratIti thaze ke, eka mahAna guru ke AcAryane Adeza A graMthamAM raNakI rahyo che." kalAnuM potAnuM maulika darzana rajU karavA aMge TaoNlsTaoNye je dAkhalA-dalIlo ApyAM che, temAM ApaNe atibhAranI phariyAda karI zakIe; evA atijorathI te rajU karAya che ke, tethI manamAM kadAca tarata

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26 para tarata enI sAme virodhema jAge. paraMtu zaoNnI cetavaNI che ke, evI gaphalata ke bAghAIthI bacIne cAlavuM joIze. emAM TaoNlsTaoNyanI makkamatA, kuzAgra marmavedhitA, ane talasparzI dRSTi joI mukhya muddAne dhyAnamAM rAkhavA joIe. te kahe che ema, kalA upara DuMgaro lakhAyelA che; ane kahevAtI kalAkRti tA, e ja gaNAve che ke, karoDo che. ( pA. 126-7.) A badhAmAMthI ArapAra nIkaLI, eka saraLa ane sIdhI sAdI samaja pahoMcavuM, e emanA jevI pratibhAvALA ja karI zake. ane keTalAM theADAMka pAnamAM, chatAM kevI sacATatAthI te kare che! maoNDa sAcuM kahe che ke, ' TaoNlsTaoNyanI badhI kRtiomAM A kRti sauthI jabarI che.' ane AvaDo moTo viSaya, tene ATalI thoDI jagAmAM tAravI ApavAnA TaoNlsTaoNyanA A kAryane barobara anusaravA mATe vAcake thADI buddhinI jAgRti rAkhavI joIze. zAMtatAthI ane sacATa dalIlAthI rajU karelA A nibaMdha kalAne navA ja pAyA upara mUkavAnA prayatna che, e vastu pote eka uttama mahattvapUrNa sAhityika ghaTanA che. ( e. bI. vaoNkalI ). 66 "" (( 99 arvAcIna kaLA paranI TIkA, tyAre, A ApaNe tyAM paNa kalAne nAme je cAle che, lAgu paDe che, te vAcaka saheje joI leze. dRSTie samajavAnI che. tene paNa emAMnuM ghaNuM TaoNlsTaoNya A TIkAmAM keTalAka dAkhalA Ape che, te paNa temaNe peAtAnI dalIlanA TekAmAM ne te ja pUratA, tathA te ghaDIe dhyAna para AvyA te TAMkayA che. rakhe koI emAM ethI vadhu samaje. evAM sthAnAe e kazI yAdI ApavA nathI besatA. e tA peAtAnuM mULa kahevAnuM spaSTa karavA pUratA ja TAMke che; ane tethI e vAcakane pAte ja cetavaNI Ape che. ( jue pA. 158 uparanI TIpa.) arvAcIna kalA aMgenA bhAga viSe ATaluM joIne, TaoNlsTaoNya jene sAcI kalA kahe che te khristI kalAnuM ' svarUpa have joIe. >

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9 kharI khristI-kalA "khristI dharmakaLA eTale ke, ApaNA samayanI kaLA, kaeNthalika zabdanA mULa arthamAM "kaeNthalika', eTale ke sArvabhauma hovI joIe. tethI teNe sarva manuSyone eka karavA joIe" Ane mATe be prakAranI lAgaNIo kAmanI che - 1. Izvara ane paDozI pratye premanI lAgaNIe vahatI dhArmika kalA, (2) badhAM manuSyone sarva-sAdhAraNa evI sAdAmAM sAdI lAgaNIo vahatI sArvabhauma kalA. (152.) tarata savAla karAze ke, A to sAva ekadhAruM nIrasa thAya. temAM vaividhya kyAM che? TaoNlsTaoNya A praznane laMbANathI carcAne uttara Ape che ke, jevuM vaividhya AmAM che, tevuM AjanI cAlu kalAmAM nathI. tapAsI jotAM, Aje to, mAtra traNa ja lAgaNI kalAmAM nirUpAtI maLe che: 1. garva ane DoLa, 2. jIvanamAM atRpti ane cIDa, 3. kAmavAsanA. (juo 68 . . . tathA 185 . . . ). paNa khristI dharmapratIti to evI dRSTi che ke, " jIvananA jUnAmAM jUnA, sAdhAraNamAM sAdhAraNa, ane rUDhamAM rUDha thaI gayelA badhA banAvone (te vaDe ) vicAravAmAM Ave che, tenI sAthe tarata te badhA banAvo navAmAM navI, vadhAremAM vadhAre aNadhArI, ane sacoTa marmasparzI Urmio jagave che." daMpatIne saMbaMdha, mAtapitAno bALako pratyeno ke bALakono temanA pratyeno saMbaMdha; manuSyone potAnA dezabhAIe ke paradezIo sAthe saMbaMdha; caDAI, rakSaNa, mAlamilakata, jamIna, pazu, e badhAM aMgeno manuSyano saMbaMdha - A badhAM karatAM jUnuM zuM hoI zake? paraMtu mANasa e badhAne khristI dRSTibiMduthI vicAre tenI sAthe, temane aMge pAra vinAnI vidhavidha, navIna, tAjI, bahusUtra ane balavAna Urmio tarata UThe che. (186) ane tevI ja rIte te kahe che ke, sArvabhauma kalAnuM kSetra paNa saMkaDAze nahi. temAM lokonI majAko, kahevato, keyaDA, gIta, nAca,

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28 bALakonI ramato, nakalane cALA pADavA, vagerenuM badhuM kSetra kadara pAmaze,-- je badhuM Aje uvekhAya che. Ama temaNe ceAkhavaTa karyA chatAM, A bAbatamAMya keTalAke TIkA karI che. jema ke, apTana sikalera tenI 'oNmana ArTa 'mAM kahe che ke, mAtra raziyAnA kheDUta mATe ja nahi, paNa ApaNA samayanI saMskRti (ke je alagatAvALI, varaNAgiyA ane vyakitavAdI che, te) mATe paNa kalA joIe. AjanA bahusUtra samAjane mATe tevI ja sAmAjika kaLA joIe ( pA. 276 ). jANe ke TaoNlsTaoNya tenI nA pADatA hoya ! vAcaka joze ke, TaoNlsTaoNya Adhunika jIvananI eke bAbatane kaLAne mATe varya nathI mAnatA. te eka ja Agraha rAkhe che ane te e ke, kalAnA vastu-viSayanI pasaMdagI jamAnAnI udAtta dharmabhAvanAne inkAranArI na hAvI joIe. balke te te ema kahe che ke, ema karo tA ja kalAnirUpaNane mATe tamane AmajanatAne sparze evuM ' TaeNkanIka ' ke nirUpaNasAmagrI paNa maLI raheze. ane te TIkA kare che ke, arvAcIna kalAmAM ghaNI vAra vastu hatuM nathI, paNa AsapAsanA ADaMbarI saMbhAra vaDe tenI UNapane DhAMkavAmAM Ave che, ane ethI nIpajatA ADa-rasa kalArasa mAnI besavAnI kuTeva paDe che. A bhrama samajAvavA mATe paNa nibaMdhanAM ThIka ThIka pAnAM lekhake ApyAM che. A jAtanI kalAbhAsa nipajAvavAnI ADarIte paNa tapAsI kADhI te gaNAve che ke, e cAra che. ( pA. 87.) ane e cAre rIte dareka kalAzAkhAmAM kevI rIte vaparAya che, tathA te vAparavAnuM zIkhavavA mATe kalAzALAo khUlI che, tenuM paNa rasadAra ane cATaDa vivecana te eka AkhuM prakaraNa rokIne kare che. ane chevaTe kahe che ke, kalAmAM tenI cepazakti e ja tenA kharApaNAnI nizAnI che; ane tene AdhAra traNa bAbatA upara che-- 1. lAgaNInuM vyaktitva, 2. rajUAtanI spaSTatA, ne 3. kalAkAranI prAmANikatA. ane A traNemAM trIjI

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prAmANikatA mukhya che, kema ke te hoya to pahelI be bAbato temAM ApoApa Ave che. (pA. 138 . . .) Ama tyAre kalA, tenI kasoTI, ane teno vastu-viSaya -- e badhu tapAsI chevaTe TaoNlsTaoNya kahe che ke, " kalA cenabAjI nathI, mananI A sAyeza nathI, manoraMjana nathI : te to eka mahAna vastu che. manuSyanI bauddhika pratItine lAgaNImAM utAranAruM mAnava jIvananuM e aMga che.... (tenuM) acUka kArya e che ke, . . . atyAranA hisAnA rAjyanI jagyAe IzvaranuM eTale ke premanuM rAjya sthApa, - ke je premacakane ApaNe badhA mAnava jIvananA sarvocca hetu tarIke svIkArIe chIe." (pA. 204.) kalA ane saudaya vAcakanuM dhyAna na gayuM hoya te doravA jevuM che ke, kalA aMgenA uparanA badhA nirUpaNamAM kayAMya TaoNlsTaoNyane "sauMdarya" ke " rucino khyAla ke te zabdaprayoga (ke je kalAnI carcAmAM sAmAnyapaNe AvyA vagara raheto nathI,) ANavo paDyo nathI. paNa eno artha ema nathI ke, AkhA nibaMdhamAMya temaNe sauMdaryanI kazI carcA ja nathI karI. balka tenAM zarUnAM prakaraNo enI ja tapAsamAM mukhyatve gayAM che. potAno kalA aMgeno vicAra rajU karavA temaNe te aMge pUrve thayelA badhA vicAro joyA. temAM joyuM ke, kalAnI koI vyAkhyA sauMdarya ke rucinA bhAvane sAthe saMDovyA vagara karavAmAM AvatI nathI. paNa teTalA mATe te sAme vAMdho na hoI zake. vAMdho e vAtane temane lAgyo ke, to pachI sauMdarya ke ruci eTale zuM, e praznano uttara maLavo joIe. paNa e maLato nathI. eTale sArAMze ApaNI samaja hatI tyAM ja rahe che - kalA eTale zuM, teno javAba nakkIpaNe maLato nathI. nathI kalAnA sauMdaryavAdIo ApI zakatA, ke nathI rucivAdI ApI zakatA. je kAMI teonA graMthonA graMtha kahe che tene sAra TaoNlsTaoNya kADhI batAve che. ane te ATalo ja che ema kahe che:--

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30 kalAne hetu sauMda che; ane saudaryAMnI pArakha e ke, te mA ke AnaMda Ape; ane klAne! AnaMda sArIane mahattvanI vastu che, kAraNa ke te AnaMda che. TUMkamAM mA ke AnaMda sArI vastu che, kAraNa ke te majA che!" (30) "C -- seMkaDo varasAthI cAlelA sauMdaryamImAMsAnA prayatnane Ama patavavA e jarUra kaDaka lAge che; -- emane peAtAneya lAge che. paraMtu TaoNlsTaoNyanI e pratIti evI prAmANika che ne evI dalIlabaddha rIte tene te rajU kare che ke, vAcakanI buddhimAM ene utAravAmAM te saphaLa thAya che. ahIM eka sAvadhAnI ApavAnI jarUra che. sauMdarya aMgenI A mImAMsA uparathI ema nathI samajavAnuM ke, TaoNlsTaoNya sauMdaryane koI rIte gaNatA ja nathI. * te AthI ATaluM ja kahevA mAge che ke, sauMdaryanA khyAla kalAnI vastu samajAvavAmAM niSphaLa nIvaDe che; e dvArA vicAratAM ApaNane kaLA samajAtI nathI. ane ema AkhI lAmImAMsAnI pUrvaparaMparAne ATopI laI te peAtAnI svataMtra samaja Ape che, je ApaNe upara joI. e samajamAM sauMdaryanA khyAlane ke rucine vacce ANavAnI sauMdarya ke rUpa cA AkAranuM sArApaNuM jarUra eka vastu che. kalAnI zailIne e meTA guNa che; paNa te kalA nathI. ane TaoNlsTaoNyanA nirUpaNamAM ene sthAna che. moDa A viSe nIce pramANe kahe che, te TUMkamAM tenI spaSTatA Ape che (112): 6 " sauMdaryAM, eTale ke, * je ApaNane mA ke AnaMda Ape' te joke ruci para AdhAra rAkhe che, eTale kalAnI kasoTI pUrI pADI na zake; chatAM te kalAkRtinuM ( -- evI kRtinuM ke je kIrtinA leAbhe nahi, paNa kudaratI ane taMdurasta jIvana jIvatAM manuSya peAtAmAM je sarvocca AdhyAtmika baLane saMcAra thAya,' tene vadhAremAM vadhAre leAkeA joDa Apa-le karavA icche te kAraNe nirmANa thatI kalAkRtinuM --) sau da e teA kudaratI rIte Ape Apa lakSaNa manaze. peAte sAmA joDe mANavAne mATe je lAgaNIo vahana karaze, te evI rIte karaze ke jethI peAtAne AnaMda thAya; eTale tenA bhAgIdAra thanAra sAmA mANasane paNa te AnaMda Apaze. ' ,,

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3 9. jarUra nathI rahetI, e temanI dRSTinI vizeSatA che. ane enI maulikatAya e ja che. ethI ja kahevAyuM che ke, emaNe kalAnA vicArane navo ja pAyo ne navuM ja valaNa ApyuM che. AthI ApaNe ema paNa sAme nathI kahI zakatA ke, sauMdarya dvArA kalAnI samaja tyAre TaoNsTaoNya Ape. kAraNa, e savAla kharI rIte to TesTaoNya sauMdaryavAdIne pUche che, ne teno uttara na maLatAM te potAno svataMtra uttara Ape che. bIjI eka rIte paNa A vicAra karavA jevo che. tene TaoNsTaoNye jarAka sparco paNa che. te kahe che, "dareka prakAranI kalAne be bAju che- eka bAju vyavahAru upayogitA che ane bIjI bAju kalAtattvane mUrtimaMta karavAnA niSphaLa prayatno che. A be bAjuthI kalAne nokhI pADavI zI rIte?" (pA. 12.) koI paNa vastu be rIte to sau koI joI zake che, ne te samajAya evI ughADI che: 1. vastunI upayogitAnI dRSTi, 2. te vastunAM AkAra, rUpa raMga, racanA i0 kevI rIte sadhAyAM che tenI kArIgarInI -TUMkamAM kaho ke, vijJAnadRSTi. sAme paDelo A kAgaLa ke pustaka upayogI che. teno vicAra ApaNe mAnava upayoga samajAvatI samAja-vidyAo dvArA karIe chIe. te kAgaLa ke pustaka kema banyuM, kema chapAyuM, baMdhAyuM i0 ApaNane vijJAna kahe che; e mAhitIno saMtoSa thayo. eTale prazna thAya che ke, kaLA jo koI svataMtra dRSTi ke anubhava hoya, to te vastunA kayA aMzamAM ke tenA kayA anubhavamAM che? vastu jotAM ke anubhavatAM ApaNe tene khapa joIe, tenuM vijJAna samajIe; te bethI nirALuM evuM temAM zuM joIe to kalAnuM darzana thayuM kahevAya? 'kalA eTale zuM?" - eno vicAra TUMkamAM A prazna uThAve che. kalAnA sauMdaryavAdI kahe che ke, te vastu sauMdarya che. paNa sauMdaryanuM lakSaNa pUchavAmAM Ave che tyAre te eo ApI zakatA nathI; athavA Ape che to te pleTonA parama-bhAvanA siddhAMta jevo ke sAMkhyonA

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aneka-puruSa-vAda javo. teo kahe che ke, upayoga ke lAbha i0thI bhinna - niSkAma AnaMda Ape te sauMdarya che. jema sAMkhyavAdI (ke tenI paribhASAmAM pleTa) kahe che ke, dareka cIjanI triguNAtmakatAno iMdriyagamya jaDa bhAga dUra karo, to te jaDa-viziSTa je cetana rahe, te puruSa che, ne te AnaMdamaya che; tema ja A sauMdarya-vAdIonuM kahevuM thayuM gaNAya. kadAca kevaLa tarka jotAM, A sAcuM haze; paraMtu jIvanamAM jyAM tyAM jovAtI kalAvastunuM AvuM gUDhatA-bharyuM nirUpaNa zA khapanuM? to pachI emAM ne tattvajJAnamAM pharaka zo rahyo? phrenca lekhaka veronane TAMkIne TaoNlsTaoNya e ja kahe che ke, pleTathI mAMDIne AjanA ApaNA jamAnAmAM svIkArAyelA kalAvAda sudhI najara karo te, lokoe kalAne parama sUkSma kalpanAo ane idriyAtIta gUDhatAonuM vicitra mizraNa karI mUkI che." A Dhabe vicAravAthI kalAnI carcA tattvajJAna, mAnasazAstra, zarIrazAstra ane itihAsa i0 kSetramAM ADI cAlI jAya che. "evA parAyA kSetramAM te praznane pheravI kADhavAthI vyAkhyA karavAnuM kAma azakya bane che." (pA. 30.) nAhaka agharuM ne aTapaTuM to bane ja che. ane tethI aneka philasUkoe lIdhelI e jUnI dizAne choDI TaoNsTaoNya, pratyakSa mAnava jIvanane nihALI ane tenA ja mukhya yanI dRSTi najara sAme rAkhIne, kalAne vicAra kare che. A nibaMdha vAMcatAM A mukhya vAta bhUlavAmAM na AvavI joIe. ApaNe zarUmAM joyuM ke, jIvananI A dRSTi TaoNlsTaoNyanA AkhI jiMdagInA anubhavane sAra che. tenA ja dUrabInanuM phokasa' te kalAkSetra tarapha goThave che, tyAre A nibaMdha janme che. te jue che ke, arvAcIna yuganA je upalA dhanika vargo, temaNe devaLadharmane nAme daMbha mAMDayo che; potAnI ArAmI ane ALasu jIvanapaddhatine TakAvavAmAM te madada kare che, mATe tenuM gANuM gAyA kare che, ane potAnA khAlI khAlI ne kaMTALiyA lAgatA jIvanane bharavA mATe kalAne nAme potAnAM garva, mithyAbhimAna

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ane kAmavAsanAne paMpALatI majA mANyA kare che. AvA cakarAvAmAM paDI jaIne ja kalAvijJAna sauMdaryanI AsapAsa Aja sudhI aTavAyA karyuM che. tethI kharI kalA lopAI che, ane enAM kapariNAma cokhkhAM che. (te aMge juo V0 17 muM, pR 164 i.) emAMthI ApaNe UgaravuM joIe. kharuM juo to, kalAnA sauMdaryavAdanI bhIti ja e che ke, tene nAme naryo iMdriyasukhavAda kalAmAM khapI zake che; ethI ja kalAkhAtara-kalo jevo vicitra ne na samajAya evo vAda jAgI zakyo che. tethI ja "kalA ane nItidharma' jevI binajarUrI carcA UbhI thavA pAme che. vAcaka joze ke, jema sauMdarya tema ja nItidharma ke naitikatAno khyAla paNa, TaoNlsTaoNya (juo pA. 103) potAnI kalAnI samaja ApavA mATe, vacce lAvatA nathI. kharI kalAnI temanI kasoTI ema kahe che ke, jemAM cepazakti che evI prAmANika jAtaanubhavanI lAgaNI vyaMjana e kalAkRti che. te khoTI lAgaNI aMge paNa banI zake. tethI temaNe madhyayuganI devaLadharmI kalAne kalA to kahI ja che. matalaba kahevAnI e che ke, TaoNlsTaoNyanI kalAnI samajane nItinI mAgaNI joDe gUMcavavI na joIe. tenA darzananI khUbI e che ke, temAM AvA badhA prazno to gauNa banI jAya che ane ApoApa upa-pariNAmo tarIke AvI jAya che. arvAcIna yurepa ane dharma saudarya viSe jo Ama hoya to prazna thAya che ke, to zuM yuropanI kalAmImAMsA sauMdaryano bhAva laIne nakAmI AthaDayA karI ema mAnavuM? eNe e dizA kema lIdhI? TaoNsToyane paNa A prazna thAya 1. AnI carcA aMge aMgrejImAM kosanA "estheTika' graMthanuM pra. 11, pA. 81... jovA jevuM che. 2. A bAbatamAMya bhUla thAya che. teno dAkhala krosa ane siMkalera jevA vivecake che. TosTecanuM maMtavya kahetAM krosa kahe che, "dareka mAnavakalA nItimattAnI vRddhi ane hiMsAnuM zamana karavAnA valaNavALI hovI joIe."

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34 ja che; ane tethI te samajAvavA mATe te, prakaraNa 6 thI 13 sudhI, temAM ja moTe bhAge kharace che. teno TUMko sAra temaNe zarUmAM ja ApI dIdhe che ke, Ama jene kalAnI vyAkhyA gaNAya che te bilakula vyAkhyA ja nathI. paraMtu vamAna kalAne vAjabI TharAvavA mATenI avaLasavaLa khAjI ke banAvaTa ja che. eTale kahevuM game tevuM vicitra lAgavA chatAM, vAta ema che ke, kalA upara pustakAnA DuMgarA lakhAcA chatAM, kalAnI cAkasa vyAkhyA apAI nathI. ane tenuM kAraNa eTaluM ja ke, kalAne vicAra sau nA vicAranA pAcA upara mukAyA che.''(60) ' ane A banAvaTanAM kAraNa itihAsamAMthI A Dhabe te samajAve che ( pu0 176 ):---- " upalA vargonA leAkeA (khristI kahevAtA paNa), devaLadharmI zikSaNamAM mAnatA baMdha thayA pachI, sAcA khristI kheAdhanA kharA ne bhUlabhUla siddhAMta --jevA ke, ApaNe sau prabhunAM bALaka chIe, ane bhAIbaheneA chIe - te svIkAravAnuM temaNe TharAvyuM nahi, ane kAI paNa mAnyatA vagara tathA tethI paDelI khATa bhAgavA mATe game tema mathIne jIvana calAvye rAkhyuM. keTalAke daMbhathI calAvyuM; . . . keTalAke hiMmatathI chaDecoka peAtAnI nAstikatA jAhera karIne e kheATa bhAMgI; teA vaLI keTalAke ziSTa sudharela ajJeyavAdathI calAvyuM; te khIjA keTalAka pAchA prAcIna grIka sauda pUrjAe pahoMcyA (pA. 411.) siMklera paNa nItimattAnuM ja maMtavya hoya ema batAve che, ane eTale sudhI kahevA paheAMcI jAya che ke, " tene pragatinI ke temAM zraddhAnI paDI nathI! ' ApaNe joyuM ke, TaoNlsToya AkhA mAnavasamAjane eka pragatizIla uccagAmI samUha mAne che. te je kahevA mAge che te e che ke, AnI dizA jIvanadharmAMnI pratIti che. A vastu kevaLa nItimattA na thaI; e tA enA karatAM vizALa che. nItimattA, sauMdaryAM, jIvananI jAta natanI hakIkatAnI vividhatA--A badhu e eka mahAna dhruvatArAnI AsapAsa pharanAra che, e TolsToyanuM mukhya ane ekamAtra pratipAdana che; khInna gauNa che temAM te eTalA AgrahI nathI.

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35 ne jAhera karyuM ke, ahaMtA ke, amitA satya che ane tene eka dharma tattvane uca pade caDAvI." 1 ane AvI haDahaDatI banAvaTa banI zake, e paNa siddha che. te kahe che, "vAdonuM nasIba, te je samAjamAM ane jene mATe zodhAyA hoya te samAja kaI bhUladazAmAM gujare che, tenA upara avalaMbe che. samAjano amuka bhAga je asatya dazAmAM raheto hoya, tene jo amuka vAda paramANe, to vAda bhalene game tevo pAyA vagarano ke ughADo khoTo hoya, te chatAM samAjano te bhAga (tene) svIkAre che, ane tene mATe te vAda dharmazraddhAnI vastu banI jAya che. dA. ta. mANUsano vAda. . . . mAkarsane vAda. . . ." (pA. pa2.). yuropanA arvAcIna yugamAM dhanika ane garIba-majUriyAta evA be vargo paDyA; temAMnA pahelAe kalAmAM paNa alagatA sevI. ane A sauMdaryavAda temane bhAvato Avyo ane te cAlyo,-ema TUMkamAM temanuM nidAna che, A nidAna AjanA samAjavAdIneya game evuM che. paraMtu benI bhUmikAmAM Abha-jamInano phera che. mArsa paNa e ja jamAnAno philasUpha ane nirIkSaka hato. TaoNlsTaoNya ane te samakAlIna hatA. paraMtu mArse potAnA vicArane Arthika pAyAmAM DhALyA, kAraNa ke mAnava praNI ane tenA samAja pratyenuM tenuM nirIkSaNa-biMdu jaDavAdI 1. siMkalera Ane ja "memana ArTa "mAM " the exclusive and fastidious individualist culture of our time " kahe che; (pA. 276) je TIkA sTeca ahIM ahaMtA zabda dvArA kare che. 2. prasiddha samAjavAdI apTana sikalere e ja tattva upara kalAnI samAle canA mATe "maimana-ArTa' graMtha lakhyo che. ane jona leMgDana Devisa tenA "zairTa hisTarI opha dhI phayUcara " mAM kalAnA bhaviSya viSe je kahe che, te lagabhaga sTecanA 19mA prakaraNane maLatuM che. phera mAtra e che ke, Devisa samAjavAdI nAstika che.

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pArthiva hatuM. te paNa yuropamAM paDatA jatA be alaga vargo tenAM lakhANomAM nirUpe che. paraMtu TaoNlsTaoNyanuM biMdu mAnava prANIne Arthika ja nahi, mULe AdhyAtmika prANI tarIke jonAruM che. tethI te khristI dharmanA devaLadharmarUpI vikAsanI jhATakaNI kADhe che; paNa dharmane "aphINa" nathI kahetA, paraMtu e devaLadharmI daMbhane ane tenAM phelAyelAM badhAM mULiyAMne (jevAM ke kaLAmAM, arthavyavasthAmAM i0) kADhavA kahe che. A rIte jotAM TaoNlsTaoNyanuM AkhuM sAkSara-jIvana arvAcIna yuropamAM krAMti preranAruM che. ane evuM kArya teNe karyuM che. ane e cAlu paNa che. gItAkAra kahe che ema, AvI bAbatomAM - manuSya sa6 vacit yatti nive! - lAkhomAMthI koka A jIvanadharma samaje che ane tene mATe mathe che. paNa na mathavA sAru A kathana nathI. mAnavajIvananI ane tenA samAjanI yAtrA kevA jAgrata bhAve karavI joIe e te batAve che. TaoNlsTaoNye potAnA ja kalAkAra-jIvanane jAgrata bhAve tapAsI A graMtha lakhyo che. e eka dharmagraMtha ja che. jIvananAM kSetrone vADAbaMdhImAM na jonArane hAthe koI paNa nirUpaNa evuM ja thAya. vAcakane A pustaka vAMcI gAMdhIjI ane temanI kalAdRSTi yAda AvyA vagara nahi rahe. mukhya muddo joIne kahIe to A graMtha gAMdhIjInI dRSTi (juo pA. rU7) rajU karanAro kahI zakAya. kalA ane vijJAna ahiMsaka samAjanI sthApanAne arthe Izvare manuSyane ApyAM che; ene durupayoga bhale karI zakAto hoya. e to mAnavaprANInA hakanI vizeSatA che. tyAre emAM ja enuM maraNa paNa saMtAI raheluM che. yuropa eno dAkhalo che. TaoNlsTaoNya 1910mAM gujarI gayA. pachInAM 35 varSamAM yurope be mahAyuddha khelyAM. kalAe pracAranI navI khAsa kalAzAkhA have to khIlavI che. temAM zarIravidyA ane mAnasazAstrane vaNyAM che. vijJAne temAM hAtha dIdho che. A badho vikAsa, eka rIte kahIe to, TaoNlsTaoNyanI ArSa najaramAM bIjarUpe hato ja. tethI ja te kalAnI sAthe vijJAnaneya eTalI ja kaDaka bhASAmAM cetave che.

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37 chatAM, te AzAvAdI che. te A nibaMdhamAM kahe ke, sAcI khristI kaLAno udaya thato jovA maLe che. te vadho, e ja emanI mAgaNI che. yuropanA itihAsanAM pachInAM varaso (nakAra-bAjuethI chatAM) A ja pokAra nathI karatAM? tyAM game tema hoya. hiMdamAM ApaNe gAMdhIjIne na bhUlI zakIe. A pustaka e dizAmAM vicAra preraze ane kalAnI ApaNI dRSTi vastuzUnya ke sauMdaryaniSTha yA kevaLa manoraMjananI nahi, paNa mAnavakalyANane mATe Izvare mAnava hRdayamAM mukelI eka bhAre javAbadArI-nejokhama-bharI cittazakti tarIke jovAnI thAya, to A anuvAda saphaLa lekhAya. gAMdhIjIe potAnA ahiMsAdarzanane nIcenA itihAsasiddha vidhAna upara mUkyuM che:- duniyAmAM ATalA badhA mANase haju che, e jaNAve che ke, duniyAnuM baMdhAraNa hathiyArabaLa upara nathI, paNa satya, dayA ke AtmabaLa upara che. eTale me etihAsika purAvA te e ja che ke, duniyA laDAInA haMgAme chatAM nabhI che, eTale laDAInA baLa karatAM bIjuM baLa tene AdhAra che." ("hiMda svarAja' pA. 64) TaoNlsTaoNya temanuM kalAdarzana mAnava samAjanA evA ja eka satya upara mUke che. te kahe che ke, itihAsa juo, loka ke AmajanatAnuM hRdaya hameza sAbUta raheluM che; kalA - sAcI ane zreyaskara kalAne pArakhavA mATe tenI pAse haMmeza sahajazakti che ja. "ApaNe paNa jene sarvottama kalA gaNIe chIe tene Ama-loka hameza samajyA che ane hajIya samaje che." (pA. 81.) temAM roga peTho hoya to te upalA dhanika ke iMdriyArAmI lokathI. ane tenuM kAraNa "khristanA bodhanA kharA, eTale ke, pUrepUrA ane asvIkAra' hatuM. temAMthI ja kalAne nAme atyAcAra janmI zakayo. paraMtu e mAnava-hRdaya-virodhI vastu TakI na zake. mAtra je jAgyA che temaNe avirata potAnI vaphAdArI sakriya rUpe vyakta karavI joIe. ane kalAmAM jAgRti eTale zuM, e A graMtha apratima rUpe batAve che.

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A copaDI tene pUrepUro anuvAda nathI. jyAM lAgyuM che ke, amuka bhAga gujarAtI vAcakane jarUrI nathI tyAM te TUMkAvyo che. paNa temAM nibaMdhanA pravAhane ke tenA vastune AMca AvavA dIdhI nathI. pustakamAM aneka kalAkAronAM nAma Ave che; yuropanI kalAno Akho itihAsa Ave che. e badho vigatavAra na samajanArane paNa A nibaMdha samajAya evI tenI zailI che. je nAme Ave che tene Teko paricaya paricaya-sUci mAM kakkAvAra Apyo che. temane aMge TaoNlsToya je kahe che te to vAcaka joze ja. aMte sUci paNa ApI che, tethI abhyAsIne madada thaze evI AzA che. chevaTe eka kSamAyAcanA :- A graMthamAM aneka nAmo Ave che, jemanuM zuddha uccAraNa zuM haze e khabara nathI. tethI aMgrejI lipi parathI jevuM bese tevuM gujarAtImAM utAryuM che. A barobara na hoya e jANuM chuM. te te nAmadhArIo-vidyamAna ane sadagata -nI kSamA mAgI A jarA lAMbo thaI gayelo upAghAta pUro karuM chuM. 12-12-45 ma. pra. desAI

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jIvana ane kalA (gAMdhIjInAM lakhANamAMthI saMkalita ) traNa puruSoe mArA jIvana para moTAmAM moTI asara karI che. emAM paheluM sthAna huM rAjacaMdra kavine ApuM chuM; bIjuM TaoNlsTaoNyane, ane trIjuM raskinane. . . . . . . emanA (TaoNlsTaoNyanA) jIvanamAMthI be vastu mane potAne bhAre lAge che. e kahe evuM karanAra puruSa hatA. emanI sAdAI adbhuta hatI; bAhya sAdAI to hatI ja. e amIra varganA mANasa; A jagatanA chappane bhoga temaNe bhogavelA. dhanadolatane viSe manuSya jeTaluM che te badhuM temane sAMpaDeluM. chatAM bharajuvAnImAM emaNe potAnA sukAnane pheravyuM. . . . eka ThekANe to meM lakhI mokalyuM che ke, TaoNsTaoNya A yuganI satyanI mUrti hatA. emaNe satyane jevuM mAnyuM tevI rIte cAlavAno ugra prayatna karyo. satyane chupAvavAno ke moLuM karavAno prayatna na karyo. lokane du:kha thaze ke sAruM lAgaze, moTA zahenazAhane ThIka lAgaze ke nahi, eno vicAra karyA vinA, temane je prakAre je vastu bhAsI te ja prakAre temaNe kahI. TaoNlsTaoNya e potAnA yugane mATe ahiMsAnA eka bhAre pravartaka hatA. ahiMsAne viSe jeTaluM sAhitya pazcimane sAru TaoNlsTaoNye lakhyuM, teTaluM soMsaravuM cAlI jAya evuM bIjA koIe lakheluM mArI jANamAM nathI. ethI AgaLa jaIne kahuM to, ahiMsAnuM sUkSma darzana TaoNsToye jeTaluM karyuM ane enA pAlanano jeTalo prayatna TaoNlsTaoNye karyo, eTalo amala ke eTalo prayatna karanAra atyAre hiMdustAnamAM koI che evo mane khyAla nathI; evA koI manuSyane huM jANato nathI. isa

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40 , TaoNlsTaoNye kahyuM te bIjAee nathI kahyuM ema nahi. paNa emanI bhASAmAM camatkAra hato, kema ke tene emaNe amala karyo. gAdItakiye besanAra te majUrI karavA lAgyA. ATha kalAka khetInuM ke bIjI majUrInuM temaNe kAma karyuM. eTale emaNe sAhityanuM kAma na karyuM ema nahi. jyAre te zarIramahenata karatA thayA tyAra pachI to emanuM sAhitya vadhAre zolyuM. emaNe jene potAnuM moTAmAM moTuM pustaka kaheluM che te 'kalA eTale zuM ?' e temaNe A yajJakALamAM majarI uparAMtanA vakhatamAM lakheluM. majarIthI temanuM zarIra na ghasAyuM; temanI buddhi vadhAre tejasvI thaI ema temaNe mAneluM. ane emanA graMthonA abhyAsIo kahI zakaze ke, e sAcI vAta che. ('navajIvana', 26-9-1928 mAMthI.) sAcI kalAkRti to saune rasa Ape. . . . klA zA mATe badhA lokone rasa paDe evI thavA na icche? . . . kalAno Ugama prakRti che. eTale mAtA jo kaMjUsAI karatI nathI, to saMtAna zA mATe kare ? . . . kalAkAra zA mATe potAnA eka nAnA vADAmAM ja potAne pUrI rAkhe? janamananA prANanI dharatIthI vikhUTo thaIne te kadI jIvI zake kharo ? . . ." mane to ema lAge che ke, zreSTha vicAra, darzana athavA dharmanI gariSTha vANI saune ja asara kare che. huM to evA prakAranI vizeSajJatA upara mohI paDato ja nathI, jeno artha ane vyaMjanA be cAra jaNa. sivAya badhAMne ukhANAM jevI lAge. tenuM mane to eka ja pariNAma AvatuM dekhAya che ke, kalAkAronuM magaja garama thaI jAya che - badhA pratye lAgaNIne badale temanA manamAM avajJA janme che. eka rIte je kalA mANaso vacce ekatA sthApavAne badale temane judA pADe che, tenuM mahattva zAmAM che, kaho jouM?" . . . "eTaluM kahuM chuM ke, kalAne nAme AtmasaMtoSa ane AtmavaMcanAne na poSo. eTaluM yAda rAkho ke, samasta mAnavo pratye tamAruM kartavya

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41 rahyuM che. tamArI kalA jeTale aMze sAdhAraNa mANasanA kAmamAM Avaze, teTale ja aMze te zubha kahevAze; jeTale aMze te kAmamAM nahi Ave, teTale aMze te azubha kahevAze." ("tIrthasalila'mAMthI) "aMtara ane bAhya e be bheda huM pADuM chuM. ane bemAMthI kayA upara tame vadhAre bhAra muko te ja prazna che. mane to bAhyathI aMtarane vikAsa na thAya tyAM sudhI bAhyanI kazI kiMmata nathI. kaLAmAtra aMtaranA vikAsano AvirbhAva che. mANasanA AtmAno jeTalo AvirbhAva bAhya rUpamAM hoya teTalI tenI kiMmata." [ prazna - " tyAre to bApu, uttama kaLAkAro paNa ema ja kahe che ke, kaLA eTale Atmika maMthanane pariNAme zabda, rUpa, raMga ityAdi nIpajatI vastu."] "hA, e vyAkhyA kharI. paNa ghaNA kahevAtA kalAkAromAM to e AtmamaMthanano aMze hoto nathI. tenI kRtine zI rIte kaLA kahIzuM?" ApanA dhyAnamAM koI dAkhalo che kharo?" "hA, oNskara vAilDa. e jyAre iMgleMDamAM jagatanI batrIzIe caDelo hato, tyAre huM tyAM ja hato." adhIrAIthI rAmacaMdrane pUchayuM, "paNa oNskara vAilDanI te AjanA mahA kalAkAromAM gaNanA thAya che !" e ja mArI muzkelI che. tyAM ja huM kaLAnA sAmAnya khyAlathI judo paDuM chuM. vAilDa bahAranA rUpa ane AkRtimAM ja kaLA joI, ane anItine raLiyAmaNI karI dekhADI. anIti paNa raLiyAmaNI dekhAya to te kaLA ! kaLAmAM nIti zI? nItine arthe nahi, paNa kaLAne arthe kaLA, e mArI samajanI bahAra che. je kaLA Atmadarzana karatAM na zIkhave te kaLA ja nahi. ane mane to Atmadarzanane mATe, kahevAtI kaLAnI vastuo vinA cAlI zake che. ane tethI ja mArI AsapAsa tame bahu kaLAnI kRtio na juo topaNa, mArA jIvanamAM kaLA bharelI

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42 - che, evo mAro dAvo che mArA oraDAne ghaLIka dIvAlo hoya, ane mAthA upara chApa na hoya, te kaLAno huM bhAre upabhoga karI zakuM ema chuM. upara AkAzamAM nakSatro ane grahonI alaukika lIlA je jovAnI maLe che, te mane kayo citAro ke kavi ApavAno hato? chatAM, tethI kaLA" nAmathI samajAtI badhI vastune huM tyAga karanAro chuM, ema na samajazo. mAtra AtmadarzanamAM jenI sAhATya maLe tevI ja kaLAno mAre mATe artha che." "huM satyamAM athavA satya vaDe sauMdarya jouM chuM. mane to satyanA pratibiMbavALI badhI vastuo suMdara lAge. . ." [ prazna - " paNa satya e ja sauMdarya ane sauMdarya e ja satya nahi?"]. nA. sauMdarya eTale zuM, e mAre jANavuM joIe. sAmAnya loko jene suMdara kahe che tene tame satya kahetA ho, te satya ane suMdaratA vacce gADegADAMnuM aMtara che. . . . " [prazna -"bhavya sUryAsto ane caMdrodayanA sauMdarya pAchaLa ApaNe ghelA thaIe chIe, emAM kAMI satya kharuM?"] bezaka, temAM satya bhareluM che, kAraNa tene lIdhe tenI pAchaLa rahelA sarajanahAranuM mane ciMtana thAya che ane darzana thAya che. sUryAstanA rUDA raMga ane caMdrodayane zAMta prakAza joIne mane jyAre AnaMda thAya che, tyAre vizvavidhAtAnI pUjAmAM mAruM haiyuM UbharAya che. e vidhAtAnI pratyeka kRtimAM enuM ja darzana ane enI apAra karuNAnuM huM darzana karavAno prayatna karuM chuM. paNa e "rUDA saMdhyAgo' ane caMdrodayo paNa jo mane rUpathI mohita karI jaganiyaMtAno vicAra na karavA de, te te aMtarAyarUpa ja thaI paDe. . . . zarIra jo mokSanI ADe Ave to te bhrAmaka vastu che, tema ja AtmAnI gatine rokanAra vastumAtra bhrAmaka che." . . .

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42 ( tyAre bApu, Apa kaheA che tema, satya ja mukhya (c < [ prazna vastu che: satya ane saudarya e eka sikkAnI be bAju na kahevAya ?' nA, bhAi; satya e ja mULa vastu. paNa te satya ziva' hAya, ' suMdara ' hAya. satya meLavyA pachI tamane kalyANa ane sauMdaryaM baMne maLI rahe. Ama Izu khristane huM bhAre kalAkAra kahuM chuM, kAraNa ke, teNe satyanI upAsanA karI satya zodhyuM ane satyane pragaTa karyuM. mahaMmada paNa e rIte bhAre kalAkAra kahevAya. temanuM kurAna arabI sAhityamAM suMdaramAM suMdara kahevAya che; paMDitA tene tevuM varNave che. enuM kAraNa zuM? enuM kAraNa paNa e ja ke, temaNe satya joyuM ane satya pragaTa karyuM. chatAM tame jANA che ke, bemAMthI eke jaNe -- (na Izue, na mahaMmade )-- kalA upara vAtiko nathI lakhyAM. evA satya ane evA sauMdaryanI huM jhaMkhanA karuM chuM, jIvuM chuM, ane ene mATe prANa ApuM." (' navajIvana ', 2-11-'24 mAMthI)

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kaLA eTale zuM?

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1 prazna zAthI UThe che koI paNa ekAda sAmAnya chApuM ughADo ke teno thoDo bhAga, jene kaLA kahevAya che, te pAchaLa rokAyelo tamane jovA maLaze. navA kAvyagraMtho ke navI laghu- yA navala- sthAo bahAra paDI haze, to tenAM avalokano temAM haze. navuM nATaka (ane Aje temAM sinemA umerI levAya) bhajavAyuM haze, to tenuM vastu tenA guNadoSo sAthe varNavAyuM haze. temAM amuka naTa ke naTIe amuka pAtra kevuM bhajavyuM e kahyuM haze. kyAMka saMgItano jalaso thayo, to te kevo thayo, temAM amuka gAyaka-vAdake kaI cIja kevI saMbhaLAvI, te badhAnuM vigate vivecana apAyuM haze. moTAM zaheramAM citronuM, vadhAre nahi te, ekAda pradarzana te acUka thAya ja kalApremI vivecako jhINAmAM jhINI vigate tenI khUbIo ane khAmIo chApAmAM tarata carcatA thaI jaze. navalakathAo, navAM kAvyo, laghukzAo to mAsikomAM ke svataMtra pustako rUpe lagabhaga roja bahAra paDe che; potAnA vAcakone A kalAkRtionuM vigate vivecana ApavuM ane te chApAMvALA potAnI pharaja samaje che. sArvatrika keLavaNI sAdhavA sAru je kharca karavo joIe tenA phakata 100me bhAga ja raziyA zikSaNa pAchaLa kharce che. paNa te dezamAM kaLAnA nibhAva sAru nATayazALAe, saMgItazALAo, ke vidyAmaMDaLone grAnTarUpe karoDo rUbala apAya che. phrAnsamAM kaLAne grAnTa tarIke 2 karoDa phrAnDa maMjUra thayA che. ema ja jarmanI tathA bIjA dezomAM paNa kalAne grAnTo apAya che.

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kaLA eTale zuM? dareka zaheramAM nATakazALAo, saMgItazALAo, vidyAmaMDaLe, ke saMgrahasthAnA sAru AlezAna makAno baMdhAya che. sutAro, kaDiyA, raMgArA, pharnicaravALA, sAnI, saIe, luhAro, bIbAM gAThavanArA, vagere hajAro kArIgaro, kaLAnI mAga pUrI pADavA pAchaLa, potAnI AkhI jiMdagInI kaDI majUrI Ape che. e kula majUrI eTalI badhI thAya che ke, eka lazkarI khAtuM bAda karatAM manuSyapravRttinA bIjA eke khAtAmAM bhAgye ja eTalI majUrI kharcAtI haze. ane A apAra majUrI ja nahi, yuddhanI peThe A kalApravRttimAM manuSyonI jiMdagIo paNa hAmAya che. hajAro jaNa bALapaNathI zarU karIne, AkhuM potAnuM AyuSya, jhapATAbaMdha hAthapaga kema halAvavA (naTavarga), jhapATAbaMdha gaLuM ke taMtu vAparI svaro kema kADhavA (saMgItakAra-varga), ke raMgarekhAthI AlekhIne pote joyelAne rajU kema karavuM (citrakAro), ke dareka vAkayamAM zabdone AghApAchA karI prAsa kema meLavavA (kavijana), e zIkhavA pAchaLa kADhe che. ane A lAkA bIjI rIte jue teA bahu bhalA ane hoziyAra hoya che; badhA prakAranI upayogI majUrI karI zake evA hAya che. paNa potAnAM khAsa mAnelAM ne temAM emanuM bhAna bhulAvatAM A kAmA pAchaLa teo jhoDanI jema vaLage che ane ekendriya bane che; chatAM jANe pote badhuM pAmyA hoya evA AtmasaMtASI, paraMtu jIvananAM badhAM gaMbhIra kAmeAmAM maMda, ane potAnAM hAthapaga, jIbha, ke AMgaLIone jhapATAbaMdha halAvavAmAM ja heAziyAra thaI rahe che. ane mAnavajIvana Ama kuMThita thaI jAya che eTalethI ja A kharAbI aTakatI nathI. yuropa amerikAnI badhI nATakazALAomAM bhajavAtAM navAM nATakomAM eka ati sAmAnya nATakanuM pUrvAvartana ke pUrvabhajavaNI jovA eka vAra huM gayelo, te yAda Ave che. pahelA aMka zarU thai gayelA ane huM pahoMcyA hatA. prekSakonI beThake javAne mATe mAre raMgabhUmine daravAjethI javAnuM thayuM hatuM. aMdhArAmAM bAraNAM ne galIkUMcI karatA ane raMgabhUminI dIvAbattInuM

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prazna zAthI UThe che jaTila sAMcAkAma tathA "sIna-sInarI" sajavAnA saraMjAma AgaLa thaI, nATakazALAnI AyezAna imAratanAM bhaMDakiyAMmAMthI mane laI gayelA. tyAM dhULa ane aMdhArAmAM khUba kAmamAM rokAyelA kArIgarone meM joyA. phIkA ne nisteja caherAvALo eka mANasa bIjA eka mANasane gussAthI vaDhato vaDhato mArI AgaLathI pasAra thayo. zA enA dIdAra ! gaMdu paheraNa ane kAmathI thAkelA gaMdA tenA hAtha ane AMgaLAM! thAka ane kaMTALAthI te lotha thaI gayo hato. bhaMDakanI aMdhArI sIDI caDI huM raMgabhUminI pachIte Avyo. paDadA ane "sInarI ' no saraMjAma, bhAta bhAtanA thAMbhalA ane gareDIo vagere badhuM veraNacheraNa paDayuM hatuM. tenI vacce, seMkaDo nahi toya DajhanabaMdha mANaso UbhAM hatAM ke Ama tema pharatAM hatAM. puruSoe raMga lagADyo hato, ane page tathA jAMghe taMga AvI rahetA, bhAta bhAtanA pozAka sajyA hatA. ane tyAM strIo paNa hatI. te badhI, ravaiyA mujaba, banI zake teTalI na-vastrI hatI. A badhAM mANaso pUrvAvartananA kAmamAM potapotAno bhAga bhajavavAnI vArInI vATa jotAM UbhelAM naTa, gAyaka vagere pAtro hatAM. raMgabhUmi vaTAvIne mAro bhomiyo mane "orgesTrA" nI pAra AvelI "piTa'nI hAramAM laI gayo. pratibiMba mAratAM pachItiyAMvALA be moTA dIvAnI vacce vAjAMvALAne nAyaka, hAthamAM teno nAno daMDUko laIne, svarapothInI ghoDI sAme beTho hato. (orge sTrAmAM lagabhaga soeka saMgItakAro nAnI DaphathI mAMDIne vAMsaLI ane sAraMgI sudhInAM vAdyo laIne beThA hatA.) nATakane badho gAyana-bhAga ane gAyakonuM kAma e daMDUkAvALAne hastaka hatAM. upara varNavyAM te badhAM pozAkI sajAvaTavALAM mANasomAM sAdAM kapaDAM paherelA be jaNa hatA, jeo raMgabhUmi upara doDadhAma karatA AmathI tema jatA hatA. temAMno eka hato nATaya-vibhAgano mukhI; ane mulAyama joDA paherI, asAmAnya caMcaLatA dAkhavatAM pagalAM mAMDato ne ahIMthI tahIM doDato bIjo hato te nRtyavibhAgano mukhI.

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kaLA eTale zuM? huM "piTamAM pahoMcyo te vakhate "iMDiyanonA saraghasanuM dRzya dekhADavAnuM cAlatuM hatuM. nATakanAM gAyana, vAdana ane dRzyo goThavavAnuM kAma pelA traNa mukhIo karatA hatA. hameza peThe, strI puruSanI joDI joDImAM saraghasa bhajavAtuM hatuM. eka jagAethI UpaDI goLa goLa te pharatuM ane vaLI thobhatuM. puruSoe patarAnI nakalI pharasIe khabhe dhAraNa karI hatI. saraghasamAM gAtA gAtA pharavAnuM hatuM. badhuM barobara goThavAtAM bahu vakhata lAgyo. zarU thAya ne kAMIka garabaDa Ave ke te pAchuM aTake aTake eTale pAchuM pahelethI zarU thAya. tene mokhare rahI gAnAra mANase vicitra pozAka paheryo hato, ne tevA ja AkAranuM moM karIne te teno laheke tANato hato. chevaTe saraghasa zarU thayuM. tyAM to eka vAjAvALAe vagADavAmAM bhUla karI ! jANe bhAre moTI Aphata UtarI paDI hoya tema, vAjAMnA mukhIe krodhathI potAnA daMDUkAne ghoDI upara pachADayo; kAma badhuM baMdha thayuM ne teNe pelA bhUlavALAne evo to bhAMDayo ! pAchuM kAma cAlu thayuM. vaLI kAMIka bhUla thaI ne pelA mukhIne dAMDiyo dhaDa daIne paDyo. pAchI bhAMDaNI, pAchI pharI zarUAta. tyAM to vaLI pAchI bhUla. vaLI kAmanI rokaNI, vaLI bhAMDaNI.- Ama badhuM cAlatuM hatuM. eka vAra vAjAnI bhUla to bIjI vAra gAvAnI ! Ama A tamAso eka be traNa kalAka cAle che; ane AkhuM pUrvAvartana to cha kalAke pUruM thAya che. ane A badho vakhata daMDUkAnA dhaDAkA, TokaNI, naTo vagerenI bhUlasudhAraNI sAthe gussAdAra bhAMDaNI cAle che. eka kalAkamAM ochAmAM ochI cALIza vAra meM "gadhdhA', 'ullu', 'mUrNa', 'suvara' zabdonI puSpavRSTi te loko upara thatI joI. jenA upara te thatI te kamabhAgI bIcAro naTa ke gAyaka-vAdaka zarIra-manathI e to UtarI gayelo hoya che ke, tenI sAme kazuM kaheto nathI ane nIcI mUDIe kahe che tema karato rahe che. saMcAlaka temanI A bhraSTa dazA jANe che ke, teo je kArya kare che te choDIne bIjuM kAMI karavA lAyaka have rahyA nathI; ArAmI

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prazna zAthI UThe che ane laherI jIvanathI evA to te TevAI gayelA che ke, te choDavA karatAM game te sahI levA teo taiyAra thAya che. AthI karIne saMcAlaka nirAMte potAno mijAja gumAve che. ane uttama gaNAtA saMcAlakone teNe pArIsa viyenAmAM Ama ja vartatA joyA che; eTale, ema ja hoya, ema tene lAge che, ane pote mAne che ke, mahAna kalAdharo kalAnA mahAkAryathI evA to kheMcAI jAya che ke, bIjA (sAmAnya) kalAdharonI lAgaNIone khyAla karavA teo thobhI zakatA nathI. AnAthI vadhAre dhRNAjanaka dRzya maLavuM muzkela che. vajana utarAvavAmAM hAtha na devA vAste eka majUra gALo deto, ke pULAnI gaMjI barobara na khaDakavAne mATe gAmanA paTela kheDUtane vaDhato, meM joyA che. ane teo cUpakIthI sAMbhaLI letA. e jovuM, game tevuM na-gamatuM hovA chatAM, eTaluM jANIne temAM kAMIka rAhata rahetI ke, A kAma jarUrI ane mahattvanuM che, ane paTela pelAne je bhUlane mATe bhADe che te evI che ke, jarUrI kAmane bagADI mUke. paNa ahIM kayuM kAma thAya che? zA sAru? kone sAru? banavA joga che ke, bhaMDakamAM meM joyelA pelA thAkelA mANasanI peThe, saMcAlaka thAkI gayo hoya. ane ema jaNAtuM paNa hatuM. paNa ene thakavyo koNe? ane zA sAru te thAkI marato hato? je nATakanI pAchaLa te lAgyo hato, te nATaka nATakanA zokhInone sAmAnya ja lAge evuM hatuM. eTaluM ja nahIM, eka bhAremAM bhAre behUdI cIja hatuM. eka "iMDiyana' rAjA paraNavA mAge che, tenI AgaLa eka kanyA ApavAmAM Ave che; rAjA bharatharIno veza le che; kanyA e bharatharInA premamAM paDe che, ane enuM du:kha kare che; paNa pachIthI tene mAluma paDe che ke, te bharatharI to rAjA ja che; eTale sau koI bhAre rAjI thAya che. koI zaMkA nathI ke, AvA "iMDiyana' kadI hatA nahi ane hoI na zake, ane A nATakiyAo "iMDiyana' jevA nahotA eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu teo je karatA hatA te, A dharatI upara, tenA jevAM bIjAM

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kaLA eTale zuM? nATako sivAya bIjA-kazAne maLatuM AvatuM nahotuM. jema ke, loko vAta kare che te rAgaDo kADhIne nathI karatA. ane te vakhate cAra cAranI joDImAM ne potAnA bhAvo darzAvavA mATe hAtha halAvatA amuka nakkI aMtare UbhA nathI rahetA. raMgabhUmi sivAya bIje kyAMya loko Ama joDIbaMdha ne pharasIo laIne pharatA nathI; e pramANe koI gusseya nathI thatuM, ke ema lAgaNIvaza nathI thatuM ke e pramANe hasatuM yA raDatuM nathI; ane AvA khelothI A jagatamAM koI upara asara nathI thatI. - A badhA viSe zaMkAne jarAya sthAna nathI. AthI karIne ApoApa sAme savAla AvIne Ubho rahe che- A badhuM tyAre kone sAru? kone e rIjhavI zake? nATakamAM koI vAra sArAM gIta hoya to te sAdesAdAM - A bevakUpha paheravezo ne saraghaso ne vAtonA rAgaDA ne hAthanAM halAmaNAM vagara - gAI zakAtAM nathI. baeNleTa (eTale ke strI puruSonuM bheguM saMghanRtya) mAM jyAM ardhanagna strIo kAmaceSTAo kare che ne bhAta bhAtanI zRMgArI bhaMgIothI aMgane maraDyA kare che, te te narI bIbhatsatA ja che. eTale, A badhI vastuo kone sAru karAya che, e ja nathI samajAtuM. saMskArI mANasa tenAthI kharekhara trAse che, ane sAcA majUra mANasane te taddana agamya che. koI paNa mANasane A cIjo jo rIjhavI zake, (joke e vAta zaMkAspada che.) to te koka javAna khavAsane ke vikRta kalAdharane, ke jeNe upalA vargonAM pAsAM sevyAM che, paNa temanA bhogavilAsathI hajI dharAyo nathI, ane potAnA khAnadAnanuM pradarzana karavA cAhe che. ane A badhI cItarI caDAve evI gaMdI mUrkhatA, sAdI rIte ke hetALa majAthI nahi, paNa gussAthI ane jaMgalI kUratAthI karAya che. ema kahevAya che ke, kaLAne sAru A badhuM thAya che ane kaLA bahu mahattvanI vastu che. paraMtu, kaLA evI mahattvanI che ke tene sAru AvAM AvAM balidAno ApavAM joIe, e zuM kharuM che? ane A savAla khAsa "arjanTa'-- turatI che; kema ke, jene khAtara lAkho lokanI

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prazna zAthI UThe che majUrI, manuSyonAM jIvana, ane e saumAM mukhya to strIpuruSa vacceno prema e badhuM homAya che, tevI A kaLA, mAnava buddhimAM UtaravAne hisAbe, eka vadhu ne vadhu anizcita svarUpavALI ne aspaSTa cIja banatI jAya che. kalApremI loka jenA uparathI potAnA matanuM samarthana meLavatA te vivecana paNa have te evuM paraspara-virodhI thatuM jAya che ke, judA judA vivecana-) paMthenA vivecako jene jene kalA-pada nathI bakSatA, te badhuM jo kalAkSetramAMthI bAtala karatA jaIe, to kalA nAme bhAgye ja kazuM paNa rahevA pAme ! judA judA dharmapaMthonA paMDito peThe, judA judA kalApaMthIo ekamekane bahAra rAkhe che ne khaMDana kare che. Adhunika kalApaMthonA paMDayAonuM jo tame sAMbhaLo, to kaLAnI dareka zAkhAmAM, dareka kalApaMthI jatha bIjAne kalAmAMthI bAtala kare che. kAvya zuM, navalakathA zuM, nATaka zuM, citraNa zuM, ke saMgIta zuM-badhAM kSetromAM A prakAranI ja kathA jovA maLe che. . eTale vAta ema che ke, je kaLAne mATe lokonI AvI bhAre majUrI homAya che, je kaLA manuSyanA jIvanane kaMThita kare che, ane strIpuruSanA premanI mAjhA mukAve che, te cIjanuM cokhkhuM ne nakkI svarUpa nathI; eTaluM ja nahi, paNa tenA ja bhakto ene evI to paraspara-virodhI rIte samaje che ke, kaLA eTale zuM, ane khAsa karIne sArI upayogI kaLA, (ke jene mATe vaLI AvA badhA bhAgo ApavA paDe to te baradAsta paNa karI zakIe - e kaLA) eTale zuM, te ja kahevuM agharuM bane che.

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kaLA eTale saMdarya ? baeNleTa ( saMghanRtya), sarakasa, nAnAM moTAM nATaka, pradarzana, citra, jalaso ke pustako- darekane rajU karavA mATe, ghaNI vAra nukasAnakAraka ane apamAnakArI kAma karavA pAchaLa hajAro mANasonI kaDI ne nA-mananI majUrInI jarUra paDe che. kalAkArone je badhuM joIe te jAte karI letA hota to ThIka; paraMtu vastusthiti evI che ke, te badhAne kAmadAronI madada joIe chIe, ane te emanA kalAkAma mATe ja nahi, paNa temanA potAnA sAmAnyata: vilAsI hotA jIvananA nibhAvane mATe paNa. ane koI paNa rIte te emane maLe che: yA to dhanavAna loka temane dhana Ape te raste athavA sarakArI grAnTothI. A paiso loko pAsethI ekaTho thAya che, ke jemane to kaLAthI maLato AnaMda kadI cAkhavA maLato nathI, ane keTalAkane to kara bharavA potAnI ekanI eka gAya vecavI paDe che.* prAcIna grIka ke romana kalAkAra potAnI jAta ke kaLAne mATe, ThaMDe kaleje, A rIte loko pAse sevA leto hato e to ThIka. 19mA saikAnA pUrvArdhana raziyana kalAkAra ema karato te paNa ThIka; kema ke tyAM sudhI raziyAmAM gulAmo hatA ane te hoya e barAbara gaNAtuM hatuM.) paraMtu Aja saune manuSyamAtranA samAna hakano kAMIka to Acho pAtaLo paNa khyAla che. te vakhate lokone kaLAne khAtara nA-mananI majUrI ja AvI sthiti kheDUtanI che evuM batAvatI eka karuNa kathA ke Tucako TesTaoNye lakhyo che. juo tenI ce paDI--"tamane e nahi samajAya "mAM mahesUla" nAme vAta, pA. 69. 10

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kaLA eTale saundaryo ? karavA pharaja pADavI e saMbhave nahi; ane bIjuM kAMI nahi to te agAu ATaluM to vicArI levuM joIe ke, zuM kaLA evuM sAruM ne mahattvanuM kAma che ke, upara kahI e tenI aniSTatA enAthI dhovAI jAya che? ema jo na hoya te, saMbhava che ke, manuSyonI majUrI, temanAM jIvana, ane temanI nItimattAnA bhayaMkara bhego je kaLAdevIne apAya che, te kaLA pote nirupayogI hoya eTaluM ja nahi, paNa kadAca nukasAnakAraka paNa hoya, evo vicAra karavAnI kAramI zakyatA ApaNe mAthe Ave. AthI karIne je samAjamAM kalAkRtio nIpaje che ane poSAya che, te samAje prathama e tapAsavAnI jarUra che ke, jene kaLA kahevAya che te kharekhara kaLA che ke kema. ane (ApaNA samAjamAM manAya che tema) kaLA kahevAnuM badhuM sAruM ja hoya che? tathA te khAte je bhogo ApavA paDe che te badhAne lAyaka ane temane chAje evA mahattvanI te che kharI? ane dareka vicAravaMta ane sahRdaya kalAkArane to A jANavAnI jarUra tethI paNa vadhAre che. to tene nIcenI bAbatonI khAtarI thAya ke, pote je kare che te sAcuM sArthaka che ke kema; ke pachI te sAruM ja che evI tenI mAnyatA, je nAnAzIka maMDaLamAM pote vicare che, te lokonA khAlI moha ke gAMDapaNanA saMgathI, potAmAM phurelo khoTo bhramamAtra che ke zuM; ane moTe bhAge ghaNA vilAsI hotA tenA jIvananA nibhAvane mATe bIjAo pAsethI pote je le che, teno badalo potAnA kaLAkAmathI vaLI rahe che ke kema. ane tethI karIne, atyAre ApaNe mATe uparanA savAlonA javAba khAsa mahattvanA che. manuSya mATe jenAM mahattva ane jarUra evAM gaNAya che ke, tene khAtara mahenatamajUrI, jIvana ane bhalAIno paNa Avo bhoga bhale apAya, te A kaLA che zuM? sAmAnya manuSya, kaLAno zikhAu, ane kalAkAra pote paNa A praznane sAdhAraNata: javAba Ape ke, ""kaLA eTale zuM?" - e te kevo

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kaLA eTale zuM? prazna ! kaLA eTale-zilpa, sthApatya, citraNa, saMgIta, tathA potAnAM vidhavidha rUpovALuM kAvya." ane Avo javAba te Ape che tyAre ema mAne che ke, pote jenI vAta kare che te viSaya to spaSTa che ane pote kahyo evo ja ekasamAna artha sau koI teno samaje che. paNa tene AgaLa prazna karIe ke, sthApatyamAM zuM evAM sAdAM makAna nathI hotAM ke je kalAnI cIja na hoya ? ane kaLAno DoLa dAkhavatAM chatAM evAM makAno zuM nathI hotAM ke je niSphaLa ane beDoLa hoya, ane tethI kalAkRtimAM je na khAvAM joIe? kalAkRtinuM potAnuM khAsa lakSaNa zAmAM raheluM che? ane evuM ja zila5, saMgIta ane kAvyamAM juo to maLe che. dareka prakAranI kalAne be bAju che: eka bAju vyavahAru upayogitA che ane bIjI bAju kalAtattvane mUrtimaMta karavAnA niSphaLa prayatno che. A beu bAjathI kaLAne nokhI pADavI zI rIte? ApaNA maMDaLano sAmAnya bhaNelo mANasa ane khAsa kalAmImAMsAnA abhyAsamAM nahi paDelo evo kalAkAra paNa A praznathI gUMcavAze nahi; ene ema lAge che ke, Ano uttara to agAu kayAranoya apAI cUkyo che ne sau koI sArI rIte te jANe che. Avo mANasa javAba Ape che--"kalA evI pravRtti che ke je sauMdarya nirmANa kare che." AnI sAme tame pUchazo, "jo kalA emAM samAyelI che te baeNleTa-nAca ke ekAMkI nAnAM nATako kaLA kharAM ke ?' jarA khamacAtAM, pelo sAmAnya mANasa tenA javAbamAM kahe che, "hA, sAro beleTa-nAca ke pAchuM ekAMkI nATaka paNa, jeTale darajaje te sauMdarya vyakta kare che, te pUratAM te kaLA che." ene jo pUchIe ke, "sArA" ane naThArA beleTa-nAca vacce tathA rUpALA' ane kadarUpA nATaka vacce zo phera? to teno uttara Apavo ene bhAre agharo paDaze. paNa e prazna javA daIe, ne ene ema pUchIe ke, baeNleTa ane nATakanI naTIonA caherA ane rUpa zaNagAra

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13 kaLA eTale saundarya? nArAonI kAmagIrI kaLA kharI? temanA paheraveza sIvanArA darajIo ne vALa sajanArAo, ne attariyA ne rasoiyA- e badhAnuM kAma kaLA kharI ? to, e ghaNAkharA lokanAM kAmone mATe, te javAba deze ke, te badhAM kalAkSetramAM na Ave. paraMtu emAM te sAmAnya mANasa bhUla khAya che. ane te eTalA ja kAraNe ke, te tadvida nahi paNa sAmAnya mANasa che ane kalAmImAMsAnA praznomAM te paDyo nathI. temAM ja e paDyo hota to tene mahAna senAnanA 'Marc Aurele' nAme graMthamAM evuM prakaraNa jovA maLata ke jemAM teNe pratipAdana karI batAvyuM che ke, darajInuM kAma kaLA che, ane strInA zaNagAramAM jeo uttama kaLAnuM kAryakSetra nathI bhALatA te loko ati nAnA mananA maMdabuddhi che. renAna kahe che, " A to mahAna kaLA che." uparAMta te mANasane eya khabara paData ke, ghaNI kalAmImAMsAnI zAkhAomAM* paheraveza, svAda ane sparzanI kalAone kaLAmAM levAmAM AvI che. ane A vAta cheka chevaTanA kalAmImAMsako kahe che: sparza, svAda ane gaMdhanAM saMvedanone teo sauMdarya vyakta karanArAM gaNe che. eTale sauMdarya vyakta karavAmAM kalA rahelI che, e vyAkhyA jevI lAge che tevI jarAya sahelI nathI. paraMtu sAmAnya mANasa yA to A badhuM jANato nathI ke jANavA mAgatA nathI; ane pote cokkasa khAtarI karI beTho che ke, kaLAnuM vastu ja ahIM AgaLa TaoNlsTaoNya udAharaNArthe be kalApaMthInAM nAma Ape cheH-pro.kAlika ane guryo (Guyau); ane temanA mukhya gaNAtA lakhANamAMthI utAra ApI pitAnA kathananuM samarthana kare che. pro. kAlika pAMca indriyanA viSayanI paMcakalA kahe cheH svAdalA, sparzakalA, dhrANalA, zravaNakalA, darzanakalA. pheMca lekhaka guno paNa A jAtane mata TAMke che. te sparzakalAne ne svAdakalAno saune jAte anubhava-suMvALapa i-TAMke che. A lAMbo bhAga, mukhya dalIlanA pravAhamAM, gujarAtI vAcakane jarUra nathI mA, tethI anuvAdamAM cheDyo che. ma.

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14 kaLA eTale zuM? sauMdarya che eTaluM svIkArI laie, to kaLA vize upara UThelA badhA savAlo sIdhI sAdI rIte UkalI jAya. sauMdarya vyakta karavAmAM kaLA rahelI che, ane sauMdaryane khyAlamAM rAkhIne tapAso to kaLA vizenA badhA prazno te ukelI Ape, ema te mANasane spaSTa ane samajAya evuM vidhAna lAge che. paraMtu ahIM e savAla Ave ke, kalAmAM raheluM A sauMdarya zI vastu che ? tenI vyAkhyA zI ? te zuM che? hameza jovAmAM Ave che ke, vAcaka - zabdano vAcya padArtha jema vadhAre havAI ane gUMcavAyelo, tema loka tene vadhAre ThaMDe peTe ane khAtarIthI vAparye rAkhe che, ane te evA dekhADAnI sAthe ke, te zabdathI je artha samajAya che te evo to sAdo ane spaSTa che ke, te kharekhara zo che e carcavAmAM paDavuM e paNa nakAmuM che. prathAgata junavANI dharmanI bAbatamAM sAmAnya rIte Ama ja vartavAmAM Ave che, ane have sauMdaryanA bhAva vize loko ema ja varte che. ahIM paNa ema ja mAnIne cAlavAmAM Ave che ke, sauMdarya zabdano artha sau koI jANe che ane samaje che. ane chatAM e jANIne nathI; eTaluM ja nahi, baoNmagArTane 1750 mAM kalAmImAMsAnI vidyA sthApI tyArathI Aja 150 varSo daramiyAna e viSaya para bhAre vidvAna ane talasparzI vicArakoe copaDIonA DuMgaro lakhyA pachI paNa, sauMdarya eTale zuM, e savAlano javAba Aja sudhI nathI jaDyo, ane kalAmImAMsAnA dareka navA graMthamAM tenA navA navA uttara apAya che. e viSaya upara chellAmAM chellI eka cepaDI meM vAMcI te reDhiyALa lakhANa nathI. tenuM nAma che "sauMdaryano koyaDo'. kartA che juliyasa mithAlTara. sauMdarya eTale zuM? e praznanI dazAnuM sAva sacoTa varNana e copaDInuM nAma Ape che. hajAro vidvAnoe doDha varSa sudhI carcA chatAM, "sauMdarya" zabdano artha hajI koyaDo ja rahyo che. A praznano uttara jarmana emanI rIte Ape che, ane temAM pAchA so judA judA prakAra hoya che. zarIravidyAvAdI kalAmImAMsako - khAsa karIne harbarTa spensara, grAnTa

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kaLA eTale sadAya? elana, ane tenA paMthIo, - dareka potapotAnI rIte eno uttara Ape che. phrenca udAravAdIe (Eclectics) ane guyo tathA TeInanA anuyAyIo paNa dareka potapotAnI rIte javAba Ape che. ane A badhA loko temanA purogAmI kalAvidoe ApelA (A koyaDAnA) badhA ukelo to jANatA hoya che.* eTale, sauMdarya te evI kaI vicitra vastu che ke, vagara vicAryuM vAta karanArAone te sAva sAdI lAge che, paNa tenI vyAkhyA karavA jatAM, gayA doDha saikAmAM, judI judI prajAnA ne vidhavidha valaNovALA badhA philasUpho eka mata upara AvI zakatA nathI ? kaLAno pracalita siddhAMta jenA upara avalaMbe che tevI A "sauMdarya' vastu zuM che? raziyana bhASAmAM sauMdarya mATe "krAsoTA' zabda che. AMkhane game te ja bhAvano "rUpa 'darzaka artha te zabdamAM che. pAchaLathI lokamAM "kadarUpuM kAma" ke "suMdara rUpALuM saMgIta' jevA zabdaprayogo thatA jovA maLe che; paNa te sArI raziyana bhASA nathI. paradezI bhASAo na jANatA eka sAmAnya raziyana prajAjanane tame kaho ke, je mANase potAnuM chelluM vastra bIjAne ApyuM ke ene maLatuM satkArya karyuM, te mANasa "suMdara ke rUpALI' rIte varyo; athavA eka jaNe bIjAne chetaryo teNe "kadarUpuM" kAma karyuM ke tene kaho ke, amuka gAyana 'suMdara' che; to tene Ama-raziyana-prajAjana nahi samaje. raziyana bhASAmAM kAma "sAruM' ke "dayALu', ane " naThAruM" ke "ghAtakI" kahevAze; tema ja saMgIta paNa "sAruM" ke "priya" athavA "naThAruM' ke apriya' kahevAze; paraMtu temAM 'rUpALuM' ke 'kadarUpuM' saMgIta enA jevA prayogo nahi hoI zake. * mULamAM, udA. tarIke, Toce purogAmInAM nAma ApyAM che - beM magArTana, kATa, zeliMga, zIlara, phiza, vikalamAna, lesiMga, hegala, zanihora, hArTamAna, kAslara, kajhIna, leka vagere.

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kaLA eTale zuM ? mANasane, ghoDA, makAnane, dRzyane ke cAlane "rUpALuM' vizeSaNa lAge. AcAravicAra, zIla, ke saMgIta ApaNane jo game to kahIe ke te sAruM che, ane na game to kahIe ke te naThAruM che. paNa 'rUpALuM to je AMkhane game tene ja kahI zakAya. eTale "sAruM' e zabda ane tenA bhAvamAM rUpALuM ne bhAva samAya che; paNa ethI UlaTuM sAcuM nathI: sauMdaryanA bhAvamAM "sAruna -sAdhutAno bhAva nathI Avato. eka vastunA rUpanI kadara karIne ApaNe kahIe ke te "sArI' che, to temAM ApaNe ema kahIe chIe ke te rUpALI che, paNa jo tene "rUpALI' kahIe, to eno muddala evo artha na thAya ke te sArI che. "sAruM" ane "rUpALuM' zabdo ane temanA bhAvono, raziyana bhASAmAM, Avo artha che; eTale ke, temanAthI loka e pramANe samaje che. badhI yuropIya bhASAomAM, eTale ke, je prajAomAM kaLAmAM mukhya Avazyaka vastu sauMdarya che evo vAda prasaryo che temanI bhASAomAM, 'rUpamAM suMdara rUpALuM' e artha to te te bhASAonA "rUpALuM" zabdane mATenA paryAyamAM rahelo che; te uparAMta te paryAyo "sArAza" "bhalAI" dayALutA"no bhAva paNa batAve che. eTale ke, te zabdo "sAruM'nA paryAya tarIke paNa kAma devA lAgyA che. tethI te bhASAomAM "rUpALuM kArya" jevo prayoga karavAnuM ati sahaja thayuM che, ane "rUpa ke AkAranI suMdaratA" khAsa kahevA mATe yogya zabda te bhASAomAM nathI; e bhAva darzAvavA sAru temane "jovAmAM suMdara' ke evA prayoga karavA paDe che. Ama, eka bAju raziyana bhASAmAM, ane bIjI bAju upara batAvelo kalAno sauMdaryavAda je yuropIya bhASAomAM vyApyo che te bhASAomAM, "sauMdarya" ane "suMdara'nA je niranirALA artho che te tapAsatAM jaNAya che ke, sauMdarya zabda pelI badhI bhASAomAM "sAruM' evA khAsa arthano bhAva paNa meLavyo che. ane khAsa noMdhavA jevuM to e che ke, kalAnI yuropIya dRSTi ApaNa raziyano jema jema vadhu apanAvatA thayA, tema tema ApaNI

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kaLA eTale daya? bhASAmAM paNa evo ja artha-vikAsa dekhAvA lAgyo che. eTale keTalAka loka ta na khAtarIthI ne jarAya navAI pAmyA vinA, "rUpALuM saMgIta"ne kadarUpAM kArya" ane "rUpALA" ke "kadarUpA' vicAro jevA zabdaprayogo bole che ne lakhe che. paNa 40 varSa upara, eTale ke, huM juvAna hato te kALamAM, rUpALuM saMgIta' ane 'kadarUpAM kAma' jevA prayogo sAmAnya - rUDha nahotA eTaluM ja nahi, paNa te na samajI zakAya evA hatA. eTale, yuropIya vicAre "sauMdarya"mAM A je navo artha ke bhAva arpe che, tene raziyana samAja pacAvavA lAgyo che, e ughADuM che. ane, kharekhara, A artha ke bhAva zuM che? yuropIya lokonI samaja pramANenuM A "sauMdarya' zI vastu che? A savAlano javAba ApavA mATe mAre vartamAna kalA-paMthomAM bahudhA svIkArAyelI evI sauMdaryanI vyAkhyAomAMthI kAMI nahi to thoDIka vINIne ahIM utAravI joIe. mArI khAsa vinaMtI che ke, tenAthI vAcaka kaMTALe nahi, paNa badhA utArA pUrepUrA vAMcI jAya. athavA, ethIye sAruM to e ke, ekAda vidvAna kalAmImAMsakane laIne tenuM lakhANa vAMcI jAya. jarmana kalAmImAMsakonA thokabaMdha graMtho javA dauM, paNa Ane mATe jarmana bhASAmAM krAlikanI copaDI, aMgrejImAM nAITanI, ane phrencamAM levakanI, bahu sArI che; temAMthI game te eka levI ThIka paDaze. kalapanA ke vicAraNAnA A kSetramAM kevI vividha matamatAMtaratA ane bhayAnaka aspaSTatA ne anizcayanuM aMdhera pravarte che, teno jAte khyAla meLavavo hoya to, AvI mahattvanI bAbatamAM bIjAe ApelA tenA hevAla upara vizvAsa na rAkhatAM, pote ja ekAda vidvAna kalAmImAMsakano kAMI nahi to eka graMtha jarUra vAMcavo joIe. dAkhalA tarIke, jarmana kalAmImAMsaka kAsvara tenA jANItA ane vigatapUrNa moTA graMthanI prastAvanAmAM Ama kahe che : viSayanAM saMzodhana ane vivaraNa karavAnI paddhatiomAM jovA bhede ke niranirALA prakAre kalA mImAMsAmAM jovA maLe che, tevA lika-2

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kaLA eTale zuM? sUphInA bIjA eka kSetramAM bhAgye ja maLI zake. koI paddhatio to vadatavyAghAtanI Apa-virodhitA sudhI pahoMcI jAya che! e badhAne jotAM, eka bAju vastuzanya rUpALA zabdo ApaNane maLe che, ke jemanuM lakSaNa mATe bhAge bhAre ekataraphI chIcharAza hoya che, te bIjI bAju talasparzI saMzodhana ane vastunA vivaraNanI samRddhi hoya che, tenI nA na pADI zakAya; paraMtu tenI sAthe temAM, sAdAmAM sAdA vicArone sUkSama ke zuddha vijJAnanA vAgA paherAvatI ane vAMcatAM cIDa caDe evI kaDhaMgI philasUphika paribhASA ke zabdamALA ApaNane maLe che. ane saMzodhana tathA vivaraNanI A be paddhationI vacalI paddhati che, ke je jANe e be vacce kaDIrUpa hoya. A madhyamamArga paddhati eka vAra rUpALA zabdo chAMTe che, te bIjI vAra vaLI vidvattAno DoLa mAre che.... paraMtu evI vivaraNapaddhati, ke je A traNemAM nathI sapaDAtI, paNa kharekhara vastugata che, eTale ke, potAne je mahattavanI vastu samajAvavAnI che, tene je spaSTa ane lekagamya philasUphika bhASAmAM kahe che,- AvI paddhati kalAmImAMsAnA kSetramAM jeTalI virala che, teTalI bIje kayAMya nahi maLI zake.'' ane kAslaranI A TIkAnI satyatAnI khAtarI karavA mATe, udAharaNa tarIke, teno ja e graMtha vAMcavo basa thaze. A ja viSaya upara phrenca lekhaka verana kalAmImAMsAnA tenA umadA graMthanI prastAvanAmAM kahe che tattvajJAnIonA svapna-taraMga khAte kalA mImAMsA jevI AkhI ne AkhI apoI cUkI che, tenA karatAM vadhAre bIjuM eke vijJAna nahi arjAyuM hoya. pleTathI mAMDIne AjanA ApaNuM jamAnAmAM svIkArAyelA kalAvAdo sudhI najara karo te, lokoe kaLAne parama-sUma kalpanAo ane idriyAtIta gUDhatAonuM vicitra mizraNa karI mUkI che. tenuM sarvottama nirUpaNa, AtyaMtika ane Adarza evI suMdaratAne je bhAva kahyA che, temAM jovA maLe che. Avo Adarza saMdarya-bhAva eTale dRzya padArthone divya ane avyaya namUna". A eNma. kAmbara "Kritische Geschichte der Aesthetik" I. sa. 1872, pu. 1, pA. 13.

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kaLA eTale sadAya? A TIkA pUrepUrI yogya che enI jAta-khAtarI karavA vAcake sauMdaryanI vyAkhyA ApatA thoDA utArA vAMcavAnI tasdI levI joIe. e utArA kalAmImAMsAnA mukhya gaNAtA lekhakomAMthI lIdhA che. huM emAM saoNkreTIsa, pleTo, erisToTala, ane pleTInasa sudhInA bIjA badhA prAcInoe ApelI sauMdaryanI vyAkhyAonA utArA nahi ApuM, kAraNa ke, kharuM jotAM, sAdhutA ke bhalAithI alaga evA sauMdaryanI kalpanA, ke je ApaNA kALanI kalAmImAMsAno hetu ane pAyo che, tevI kalpanA e prAcIna tattvajJAnIonI nahotI. Aje sAmAnyata: kalAmImAMsAmAM evuM karavAmAM Ave che ke, e prAcIna tattvajJAnIonA sauMdaryaviSayaka nirNayo ApaNA te vizenA khyAlonA saMbaMdhamAM TAMkavAmAM Ave che; ethI thAya che ema ke, emanA zabdono je artha nahoto, tevo artha ApaNe temane arpIe chIe.* * A bAbata baeNnarDanI vakhANapAtra copaDI (eNrisToTalanuM "estheTika) 1911 alezeril (Geschichte der Aesthetik im Altertum) cepaDIo jue. Dha.

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sAMda eTale zuM? graMthastha vyAkhyAo [A lAMbA ane thakavatA prakaraNamAM TaulsToya, aDhAramA saikAmAM thayelA jamaeNna kalAmImAMsaka magATenathI mAMDIne 19mA saikAnA aMta sudhImAM thayelA, yuropanA dezAnA badhA prakhyAta lekhakoe ApelI judI jIdI sAMdarya-vyAkhyAe ane kalAnA vAdene sAra Ape che. gayA prakaraNamAM temaNe ja kahyuM che ke, e vAcakane kaMTALe ApI thakavaze. yuropIya vAcaka mATe jo ema che, te te badhA jJAnavistArathI sAva ajANyA evA gujarAtI vAcakanuM te zuM ja pUchyuM? eTale e bhAga ahIM utAryA nathI. ane tethI vAcakane khAsa khAvuM paNa paDatuM nathI, kema ke Tolskoca te badhAnuM dohana peAtAnI anupama Dhabe ApI daIne ja pachI pAtAnuM maMtavya AgaLa calAve che. peAtAno mata sAbita thAya e khAtara TaoNlsTaoNya te te lekhakonAM maMtavya rajU karavAmAM temane anyAya te nahi karatA hoya ? -- AvI zaMkAne bhAgye ja sthAna hoya. paNa temane je nirNaya e badhA uparathI tAravave che te evA ajaba ane te saunA mULamAM ja ghA karanArA che ke, te sAru paNa temaNe vAcakane jAta-khAtarI karavA kahevuM ghaTe. paNa gujarAtI vAcakane evI jarUra nathI. Ama lAMkhI vyAkhyAvalI cheADIne, prakaraNane aMte tene sAra tAravata je phakarA che te joI ne AgaLa vadhIe. ma.] kaLA ane sauMdarya viSe meM ahIM je abhiprAyA TAMkayA che te, e viSaya para maLatAM badhAM lakhANAnA DhagalAne hisAbe, kAMI ja nathI. ane roja navA navA lekhako vadhatA jAya che. emanAM lakhANomAM sauMdaryanI vyAkhyA ApavAmAM e ja geATALA ane paraspara-virodhitAnI 20

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21 saudarya eTale zuM? maMtramugdhatA dekhAya che. temAMnA keTalAka, paracUraNa pheraphAra sAthe, baoNmagArTana ne hegalanI gUDhatAvAdI kalAmImAMsAne jaDatApUrvaka dhapAvye rAkhe che. bIjA keTalAka A praznane vaiyaktika svagatatAnA kSetramAM lai jAya che, ane suMdaratAno pAyo ruci para rahelo che ema pratipAdana karavAmAM paDyA che. ane taddana tAjetaranA keTalAka kalAmImAMsako sauMdaryane Ugama zarIrazAstranA kAyadAomAM khoLe che. ane chevaTanA vaLI keTalAka evA che ke jeo sauMdaryanA bhAvathI taddana svataMtra rIte A praznanuM saMzodhana kare che. jema ke, sallI tenA graMthamAM* sauMdaryanA khyAlane sAva pheMkI de che. kalAnI vyAkhyA te A pramANe kare che :- koI kAyamI vastu ke koI ghaTanA-kArya sarjavAM ke nipajAvavAM; te evAM hovAM joIe ke, tenA nipajAvanArane te sakriya AnaMda ApI zake ane tenA prekSako ke zrotAone tenI AnaMdadAyI chApa paDe ane A temano anubhava te vastumAMthI maLatA koI prakAranA aMgata lAbhathI taddana nAkhe tevo joIe; AvI vastu ke AvA kAryanuM sarjana e kaLA che. * "sensezana eNnDa irvizana Dijha ina sAyakoleja eNnDa estheTikasa' (1874). + nAITa nAme lekhakanA vivecanagraMthamAMthI A che ema TIpamAM jaNAvyuM che. Ama vyAkhyAonA ghane tapAsIne, pachInA prakaraNamAM, temAMthI saravALe zuM jANavA maLe che, tenuM vivecana TaeNkTa zarU kare che. ma.

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javAba maLato nathI saundaryane keyaDe sauMdaryanI A badhI vyAkhyAono chevaTe zo sAra AvI rahe che? emAMnI je pUrepUrI acokkasa che temane choDIe; kema ke, kaLAnA bhAvane pakaDavAmAM te niSphaLa nIvaDe che ane ema mAne che ke, sauMdarya upayogitAmAM, ke koI hetune anurUpa thavAmAM, ke samarUpatAmAM, ke vyavasthitimAM, ke pramANabaddhatAmAM, ke suMvALapa ke mRdutAmAM, ke aMgenI saMgatatAmAM, ke vividhatAnI aMdara ekatAmAM, athavA to A badhA bhAvonA vividha samuccayomAM raheluM che. sauMdaryanI vastugata vyAkhyA ApavA mATenA AvA asaMtoSakArI prayatno paDatA mUkIe, to kalAmImAMsAmAM maLatI bAkInI badhI sauMdarya-vyAkhyAmAMthI be maulika bhAvo nItare che. pahelo bhAva e ke, sauMdarya pote potAnI meLe svataMtra astitva dharAvatI eka cIja che- te svayaMbhAva che; te AtyaMtika pUrNatvano, parama-bhAvano, AtmAne, mUlasaMkalpane, ke Izvarano eka AviSkAra che. ane bIjo bhAva e nIkaLe che ke, sauMdarya e ApaNane maLatI eka jAtanI evI majA ke AnaMda che ke jeno hetu aMgata lAbha nathI hoto. AmAMnI pahelI vyAkhyA (ke bhAva) phiza, zeliMga, hegala, zopanahora (e jarmana); ane kajhIna, jophraoN, revaisa ane bIjA phrenya philasUpho svIkAre che. (bIjA UtaratA darajjAnA kalAphilasUpho ahIM huM gaNAvatA nathI.) ApaNA samayanA moTA bhAganA bhaNelA loko sauMdaryanI 22

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23 javAba maLatA nathI AvI ja ardhI vastusthita ane ardhI gUDhavAdI vyAkhyA svIkAre che. khAsa karIne meTerAonI prauDha peDhImAM A vyAkhyA ghaNI prasarelI che. bIjo bhAva-ke, sauMdarya eka jAtanI evI majA ke AnaMda che ke jene hetu aMgata lAbha nathI hoto, - e khyAla mukhyatve aMgreja kalA-lekhakone game che ane e dRSTi ApaNA samAjanA bAkInA bIjA bhAgane - mukhyatve juvAna peDhImAM - mAnya che. eTale, sArAMze sauMdaryanI be ja vyAkhyA che. (ane bIjuM banI paNa na zake.) temAMnI eka vastugata (" jekiTava') che, gUDhavAdI che; sarvazreSTha pUrNatva je paramezvara temAM teno bhAva aMtargata thaI jAya che. kazAya pAyA vagaranI A vyAkhyA ajaba che! tethI UlaTI bIjI vyAkhyA che, je sAva sAdI samajAya evI manogata ke bhAvagata ('sakiTava) che; sauMdaryane te eka AnaMda ke majA denArI vastu gaNe che. (ahIM huM 'aMgata lAbhanA hetu vinA' e zabdo nathI mUkato te eTalA mATe ke, "AnaMda devAmAM', svAbhAvika rIte, lAbhano khyAla aMtargata nathI.) Ama, eka tarapha, sauMdarya viSe evo khyAla che ke, te kazuMka gUDha ane ati unnata che; paNa kamanasIba joge tenI ja sAthe te bahu acokasa che; ane pariNAme te philasUphI, dharma ane jIvananI ja joDe saMkaLAya che. (jema ke, zeliMga, hegala, ane temanA phenca jarmana anuyAyIonA kalAvAdo.) bIjI bAju, (jema ke, kAnTa ne tenA anuyAyIonI vyAkhyAmAMthI avazya phalita thAya che ke, sauMdarya e ApaNane maLatI eka jAtanI hetu-ke-anurAga-rahita majA ke AnaMda mAtra che. sauMdaryano A bhAva Ama bahu spaSTa lAge che; paNa kamanasIba joge teya pAcho acoksa ja che; kema ke sAmethI emAM ativyAptine doSa AvI jAya che, eTale ke, temAM khAnapAnanA svAdamAMthI ke mRdu cAmaDInA sparza vageremAMthI maLatAM iMdriyasukho paNa AvI jAya che. ( ke jemane guyo, krAlika ne bIjA kalAmAM svIkAre che. )

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24 kaLA eTale zuM? sauMdarya viSenA kalAvAdono vikAsa jotAM ApaNane jaNAya che ke, zarUAtamAM (mAre kalAmImAMsAno pAyo naMkhAto hato tyAre) sauMdaryanI gUDhavAdI vyAkhyA cAlI kharI; paNa jema jema ApaNA jamAnA pAse AvatA jaIe chIe, tema tema tenI pratyakSa prAyogika vyAkhyA (ane hAlamAM to te zarIrazAstrIya rUpa pakaDatI jAya che ) vadhu ne vadhu AgaLa Ave che. eTale sudhI ke, cheka chevaTe to verona ane sallI jevA kalAmImAMsakoya ApaNane maLe che, ke jeo kalAvastune vicAra karavAmAM sauMdaryanA bhAvathI sAva mukta thavA mathe che. paraMtu evA kalAmImAMsako jhAjhuM phAvyA nathI. ane moTA bhAganI janatA tathA kalAkAro ne zikSito to upara jaNAvelA kalAgraMthomAM ApelI vyAkhyAone maLato kalAno khyAla ja makkamatApUrvaka dharAve che : eTale ke, sauMdaryane yA te gUDha ke tattvajJAnanA kSetranI vastu gaNe che, athavA tene amuka khAsa majA ke AnaMdano prakAra mAne che. to pachI, ApaNA maMDaLanA ane jamAnAnA loko haThapUrvaka jene vaLagyA rahe che te A sauMdarya-bhAva, ke jenA vaDe kalAnI vyAkhyA apAya che, te zuM che? bhAvagata ke manogata bAjue sauMdaryane ApaNe amuka khAsa prakAranI majA ke AnaMda ApanAra kahIe chIe. ane vastugata bAjue, sauMdaryane ApaNe paramapUrNatva kahIe chIe. ane ema eTalA ja mATe ApaNe kahIe chIe ke, A parama pUrNatvanA AviSkAramAMthI ApaNane amuka prakAranI majA ke AnaMda maLe che. eTale, A vastugata vyAkhyAmAM pelI manogata vyAkhyA ja judI bhASAmAM mukAI che eTaluM ja. tethI kharuM jotAM, beu sauMdaryabhAvo sArAMze eka ja che-amuka prakAranI majA ke AnaMdanI prApti. eTale, ApaNAmAM tRSNA ke vAsanA jagavyA vinA, ApaNane majA ke AnaMda je Ape, tene ApaNe "sauMdarya' kahIe chIe.

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javAba maLato nathI 25 vastusthiti tyAre ekaMdare Ama che. te jotAM taddana svAbhAvika paNe to ema lAge ke, kalAzAstra sauMdarya (eTale ke, majA yA AnaMda Ape te) upara UbhelI kalAnI vyAkhyAthI saMtuSTa thavA ja nA pADavI joIe, ane badhA ja prakAranI kalAkRtione lAgu paDe evI sarvasAmAnya vyAkhyA zodhavI joIe; ke jene AdhAre ApaNe nakkI karI zakIe ke, amuka vastu kalAkSetramAM Ave ke na Ave. paraMtu vAcake, meM ApelI kalAvAdonI vyAkhyAonA sAra parathI, ke mULa kalAgraMtho jovAnI takalIpha teNe lIdhI haze to te parathI, vadhu spaSTatApUrvaka joyuM haze ke, AvI vyAkhyA to maLatI nathI. ApaNe joyuM ke, vyAkhyAo jevuM je maLe che te kahe che ke, sauMdarya e kudaratanuM anukaraNa che, ke koI hetunI anurUpatA che, te aMgenI saMgatatA che, ke samarUpatA che, ke saMgIti che, ke vividhatAmAM ekatA che, vagere vagere. kevaLa ke AtyaMtika sauMdaryanI vyAkhyA ApavAnA A prayatno yA to kazuM ja kahetA nathI, athavA kAMI kahe che to keTalIka kalAkRtionAM keTalAMka ja lakSaNo; eTale, so koI jene kaLA kahetuM AvyuM che ane haju kahyuM jAya che te badhuMya temAM samAvAnuM to bAjue ja rahI jAya che. eTale sauMdaryanI vastugata vyAkhyA ja maLatI nathI. (tattvajJAnanI gUDha adhyAtmavAdI ane pratyakSa prAyogika, e beu prakAranI) je mojuda che te vyAkhyAo, - kahetAM vicitra lAgatAM chatAM, - eka ja manogatA vyAkhyAmAM samAI jAya che, ane te e ke, sauMdaryane vyakta kare te kaLA, ane tRSNA ke vAsanA jagavyA vagara) majA ke AnaMda Ape te saudarya. kalAnI cAluM vyAkhyAone mULa doSa ghaNA kalAmImAMsakone AvI vyAkhyAmAM apUratApaNuM ane asthiratA lAgI che. tethI teno pAyo cokasa karavA teo jAte evo prazna vicAre che ke, vastu ApaNane zAthI game che? ane te uparathI temaNe (jema ke, hacisana, vaoNlTara, DiDero vageree saudaryacacane rucinA

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kaLA eTale zuM? praznamAM pheravI lIdhI che. paNa rUci eTale zuM? tenI vyAkhyA ApavAnA badhA prayatno paNa zUnyamAM ja AvI rahevA joIe, e to vAcaka kalAmImAMsAnA itihAsa parathI ke pratyakSa vyavahAra parathI paNa joI zake. eka jaNane amuka vastu game ne bIjAne te na game, ke ethI UlaTuM ke, ekane na game te bIjAne game, - AvuM zAthI bane che, enI samajUtI hoI na zake, ane te paNa nahIM. kalA eka mAnasika vyApAra che; potAne te vijJAna kahAve che. vijJAna tarIke tenI pAsethI ApaNe AzA rAkhIe ke, te potAnAM lakSaNo ane kAyadA cokasa kahe; athavA, jo tenuM vastu sauMdarya hoya to tenAM lakSaNo ane kAyadA kahe; athavA kaLA ane tenA guNane prazna jo rUci para avalaMbato hoya, to rucinuM svarUpa teNe kahevuM joIe ane pachI amuka kRtio te kAyadA ne vyAkhyA pramANe che mATe te kalA che, ane je tevI nathI te kalA nathI, ema teNe vartavuM joIe. A pramANe teNe eka vijJAnazAstra tarIke karavuM joIe, ema ApaNe tenI pAse mAgIe. paNa tema karavAmAM te niSphaLa thAya che. tene badale kalAmImAMsAnuM A vijJAna kare che zuM ke, amuka kRtionuM jUtha ApaNane majA ke AnaMda Ape che mATe te kaLA che, ema te paheluM svIkArI le che; ane pachI lokonA amuka maMDaLane gamatI A badhI kRtio jemAM barobara besatI Ave evo kalAvAda te uparathI ghaDI kADhe che. Ama klA viSe evuM eka dhoraNa ja pracalita che, ke je ApaNA maMDaLane gamatI amuka kRtio (jevI ke phiDiyAjha, sephokilasa, homara, Tiziyana, rAphela, bAka, bithovana, DAnTa, zekasapiyara, geTe ane evA bIjAnI kRtio ) kaLA che ema svIkArI le che, ane pachI te kahe che ke, AvI badhI kRtiono kaLAmAM samAveza thaI zake evI baMdhabesatI, kaLAnI vyAkhyA hovI joIe. kalAviSayaka sAhityamAM tame juo to temAM tamane vAraMvAra kalAnAM guNa ane mahattva vize mato maLaze; paNa te koI evA cokkasa lakSaNanA pAyA para bAMdhelA nahi, ke jene AdhAre kasoTI karIne kahevAya ke, amuka ke tamuka kRti sArI ke narasI kalA che;

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javAba maLatA nathI 27 paraMtu upara jaNAvyA pramANe) pAte pahelethI tAravI kADhela kalAviSayaka dhoraNa sAthe tenA meLa khAya che ke nahi, te ja mAtra khyAla parathI e naNAya ke aMkAya che. pele divase huM phaoNlbeTa nAmanA lekhakanI cApaDI vAMcatA hatA. te kharAba lakhAyelI copaDI che ema muddala na kahI zakAya. kaLAkRtiomAM nItimattA joIe evI mAgaNI viSe carcA karatAM te lekhaka sApha kahe che ke, kalAmAM nItimattA ApaNe na mAgavI joIe. ane tenI sAbitImAM te evI hakIkata rajU kare che ke, AvI mAgaNI jo kabUla rAkhIe te pachI zeksipayaranuM 'romiyo juliyeTa ' ane geTenuM ' vilhema mIsTara ' sArI kaLAnI vyAkhyAmAM nahi AvI zake; paraMtu A be kRtio ApaNA pracalita dhoraNa pramANe to sArI kaLA gaNAya ja che. eTale te TharAve che ke, pelI mAgaNI ayogya che, ane tethI e kRtionI joDe besatI Ave evI kalAnI vyAkhyA tAravI kADhavI joIe. ane phaoNljeTa tAravI kADhe che ke, kalAnA pAyA tarIke nItimattAne badale 'mahattva' vastunI mAgaNI karavI joIe. kalAnAM vidyamAna badhAM dhoraNo A Dhabe ghaDAyAM che. sAcI kaLA kaI tenI vyAkhyA ApIne, amuka kRti te pramANe che ke nathI te tapAsI, tene sArI ke narasI kaLA TharAvavAne badale, kRtione amuka varga, ke je kazAka kAraNathI lokonA amuka maMDaLane gamato hoI kaLA tarIke svIkArAya che, te badhI kRtione besatI Ave evI vyAkhyA ghaDI kADhavAmAM Ave che. * kaLAkSetramAM bhalene game tevI gAMDI kRtie bahAra paDe, paNa ApaNA samAjanA upalA vargamAM eka vAra te kaLA tarIke svIkArAya ke tarata, te sArI kaLA che ema samajAvI, temanI upara kalAnI mahAra mAratA vAda zodhI kADhavAmAM Ave che; jANe * kaLAnI vyAkhyA Ama geAThavI kADhacAne! eka dAkhale ahIM TAMkavAmAM AvelA che - sUthara nAmanA jarmananA ' 19mA saikAnI kalAnA itihAsa, ' nAmanA graMthamAMthI. sa.

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* kaLA eTale zuM? itihAsamAM evA samaya ja nahotA ke jyAre lokonAM amuka khAsa maMDaLoe beTI beDoLa ane mUrkhatAbharI kRtione paNa kaLA tarIke kabUla nahotI rAkhI ane apanAvI, paNa jenuM pachI nAmanizAneya na rahyuM ane sau koI tene vIsarI gayA! ( AvA dAkhalA itihAsamAM paDelA che chatAM pharI pharIne e ja pramANe akalAne kalA TharAvya rakhAya che! ) ane kaLAmAM gAMDapaNa tathA beDoLatA keTalI hada sudhI jaI zake che, te to Aje ApaNA maMDaLanI kaLAmAM je thaye jAya che te parathI - ane khAsa to AjanI jema jyAre kaLA ema jANe che ke pote bhUlathI para manAya che, tyAre je thaye jAya che te parathI - joI levuM. eTale sAra e thayo ke, sauMdarya para racAyelI kalA-vyAkhyA, ke jenI mImAMsA kalAnuM zAstra kare che ane jenI jhAMkhI rUparekhA potAnI karIne loka gAyA kare che, te bIjuM kAMI nahi paNa ApaNane - eTale ke amuka varganA lokane - jeNe majA ke AnaMda ApyAM che ne Ape che, tene sArI tarIke oThavI detI goThavaNI ja mAtra che. ukelane rasto koI paNa mAnava pravRttinI vyAkhyA ApavI hoya to teno artha ane mahattva samajavAM joIe. te karavA sAru pahelI jarUra e che ke, te pravRtti pote zuM che te, tathA tenAM kAraNo upara teno kevo AdhAra che ne tenAM pariNAmo zo che, te badhAnI sAthe tene tapAsavI joIe; te pravRttimAMthI je majA ke AnaMda ApaNane maLe te ja mAtrathI nahi. amuka pravRttino hetu ApaNI majAno ja che ema kahI mAtra te majA ke AnaMdanI mAraphata ja jo te pravRttinI vyAkhyA karIe, to to ApaNI vyAkhyA khoTI paDe, e ughADuM che. paraMtu kaLAnI vyAkhyA karavAnA prayatnomAM barobara AvuM ja banyuM che. dA. ta. khorAkano savAla vicAratAM koIne ema kahevAnuM nahi sUjhe ke, khorAkanuM mahattva te khAtAM majA paDe che temAM raheluM che. dareka jaNa samaje che ke, khorAkanAM lakSaNonI

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javAba maLato nathI 29 vyAkhyAno AdhAra ApaNA svAdanI vRpti na banI zake; tethI karIne, je khorAkathI ApaNe TevAyA chIe evI badhI cIjo- "keyana' pIpara, limbarga cIjha, dArU vagere vAnIonAM bhejana - uttamottama mAnava khorAka che, ema mAnI levA mATe ApaNane kazo hakka nathI. te ja pramANe saudarya - arthAtu, je ApaNane majA ke AnaMda Ape te, koI rIte kalAnI vyAkhyAno AdhAra na banI zake athavA to ApaNane AnaMda ApatA amuka padArthonI paraMparA, kaLA kevI hovI joIe, tenuM dhoraNa na banI zake. ApaNane maLatI majA ke AnaMdamAM kaLAno uddeza ane prayojana bhALavAM e to (nIcAmAM nIcalI nItikakSAnA loko- dA. ta. jaMgalIokahe ema) khAtI vakhate paDatI majAmAM khorAkanAM uddeza ane prayojana rahelAM mAnavAM enA jevuM thAya. rAkanAM uddeza ane prayojana temAMthI maLatAM majA ke AnaMda che ema mAnanArA loka jema khAvAnI kriyAno sAco artha na samajI zake, tema ja kaLAno uddeza majA ke AnaMda che ema mAnanArAo paNa tenAM sAcAM uddeza ane prayojana na samajI zake, kAraNa ke, je kriyAno artha jIvananAM bIjAM kSetro aMge rahelo che, tene mATe teo AnaMda ke mAne khoTo ane vAMdhA-bharelo hetu ThokI besADe che. khAvAnI kriyAno artha zarIra-paSaNa che e tyAre ja samajAya, ke jyAre te kriyAne hetu svAdanI majA che ema mAnatA teo aTake. ane tema ja kaLA mATe paNa che: kaLAne sAco artha lokone tyAre ja samajAze, ke jyAre te pahelA ema mAnatA aTake che, teno uddeza sauMdarya - eTale ke, majA yA AnaMda -che. sauMdarya, eTale ke, kaLAmAMthI maLatI amuka majA ke AnaMda, e kaLAno uddeza che ema gaNavuM, e kaLAnI vyAkhyA karavAmAM ApaNane madada karavAmAM nakAmuM nIvaDe che eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu kaLAne mATe je taddana parAyuM kSetra che, (jema ke, amuka kRti eka jaNane game che ane amuka bIjI kRti bIjAne game che ke nathI gamatI, tenuM kAraNa zuM? - enI carcAo

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30 kaLA eTale zuM? tattvajJAna, mAnasazAstraka, zarIrazAstra, ane itihAsa mAraphate paNa karavAmAM Ave che!)- evA parAyA kSetramAM te praznane pheravI kADhavAthI, vyAkhyA karavAnuM te kAma ja azakaya bane che. ane jema eka jaNane phaLa ane bIjAne mAMsa kema bhAve che tenI carcAo karavAthI, poSaNa mATe khAsa zuM jarUrI che te zodhavAmAM kAMI madada nathI thatI, tema ja kalAkSetramAM rucinA (ke jyAM AgaLa vagara icchaye paNa kalAcarcA AvI ja rahe che, tenA) praznone ukela, je khAsa mAnava pravRttine ApaNe kaLA kahIe chIe te kharekhara zemAM rahelI che, e spaSTa karavAmAM kazI madada nathI deto; eTaluM ja nahi, paNa AkhI vastune goTo vALavAne bhAge paNa dareka jAtanI kalAnuM samarthana karanArA e khyAlamAMthI jyAM sudhI ApaNe chUTIe nahi, tyAM sudhI AvI spaSTa vyAkhyA karavAnuM kAma te * taddana azakya karI mUke che. eTale tyAre, jene khAtara lAkho mANasonI majUrI, are, manuSyonAM jIvana jevAM jIvana ane tenI nItimattA pote paNa homAya che, tevI A kaLA eTale zuM?- e praznanA javAbo vartamAna kalAmImAMsAmAMthI ApaNe kADhI joyA, te badhAno sAra eTalo nIkaLyo ke - klAno hetuM sauMdarya che; ane sauMdaryanI pArakha e ke, te majA ke AnaMda Ape ane kalAno AnaMda sArI ane mahattvanI vastu che, kAraNa ke te AnaMda che. TUMkamAM, majA ke AnaMda sArI vastu che, kAraNa ke te majA che! Ama, jene kaLAnI vyAkhyA gaNAya che te bilakula vyAkhyA ja nathI, paraMtu vartamAna kalAne vAjabI TharAvavA mATenI avaLasavaLa bAjI ke banAvaTa ja che. eTale, kahevuM game tevuM vicitra lAgavA chatAM, vAta ema che ke, klA upara pustakonA DuMgaro lakhAyA chatAM, kalAnI cokasa vyAkhyA racAI nathI. ane tenuM kAraNa eTaluM ja che ke, kalAno vicAra sauMdaryanA vicAranA pAyA upara mukAyo che.

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pa kalAnI kharI vyAkhyA kalAnI vyAkhyA karavAnI AkhI bAbatane cUMthI nAkhanAro evo sauMdaryane pelo khyAla tyAre bAjue rAkhIne vicArIe, to kalA eTale zuM? e khyAlane alaga rAkhIne vicAranArI, cheka chellI, ne vadhumAM vadhu samajAya evI vyAkhyAo nIce pramANe che : 1. (ka) kalApravRtti pazusRSTimAM paNa udbhave che. tenuM mULa kAmavAsanA ane krIDA ke khelanI preraNA che, (zIlara, DArvina, spensara A vyAkhyA karanArAmAM che. ); ane (kha) tenI sAthe zarIranA jJAnataMtutaMtramAM eka jAtane majedAra ke AnaMdadAyI uzkerATa mojUda hoya che. (A vyAkhyAkAra grAnTa elana che.) A vyAkhyA zarIravidyA ane vikAsavAdanI dRSTivALI che. 2. manuSyanA anubhavamAM AvatI UrminuM rekhA, raMga, gati, dhvani, ke zabda dvArA bahAra pragaTa thavuM te kaLA che. (veraoNna) kaLAnI A vyAkhyA prAyogika che. ane kalAne cheka chevaTanI apAyelI (salInI) vyAkhyA pramANe- 3. "evI kAI kAyamI vastu ke AgaMtuka kArya nirmANa karavuM, ke je tenA nirmAtAne sakriya sIdho AnaMda Ape evuM hoya eTaluM ja nahi, paNa tenA aneka prekSako ke zrotAone paNa te AnaMdanI chApa pahoMcADe, ane te AnaMda e kAryamAMthI maLatA koI aMgata lAbhanI dRSTithI taddana alaga rIte niSpanna thato hoya."- kaLA A vastu che. sauMdaryabhAva upara UbhelI tattvajJAnanI vyAkhyAo karatAM A vyAkhyAo caDe che kharI; chatAM cokasAIthI te bahu vegaLI che.

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kaLA eTale zuM? zarIravidyA ane vikAsavAdanI dRSTivALI 1(ka) vyAkhyA laIe. ApaNI AgaLa prastuta viSaya, kalApravRtti pote zI vastu che, te vicAranA che. ene aMge vAta karavAne badale A vyAkhyA klAnA UgamanI carcA kare che; ane tethI te acAkasa che. 32 1 (kha) tenA [ 1 (ka) nA ] sudhArArUpa che; manuSyazarIra upara thatI zArIrika asaronA pAyA upara te avalaMbelI che. te paNa acAkasa che; kAraNa ke, te mujaba te bIjI ghaNI mAnava-pravRttio paNa kaLAmAM samAvI zakAya. jema ke, rUpALAM vastro, madhura sugaMdhIo, ane khArAkanI vAnIonI banAvaTane ( A vyAkhyA mujaba) kaLAmAM gaNanArA navIna kalAvAdamAM A prakAre ativyApti thaI che. UrmionA AviSkaraNamAM kalA rahelI che ema jaNAvatI 2 naMbaranI prAyogika vyAkhyA acAkasa che; kAraNa ke, mANasa rekhA-raMga-dhvanike-zabda vaDe potAnI Urmio pragaTa kare, paNa tenAthI bIjA upara jo kAMI asara nIpaje nahi, te pachI tenI UrmionuM AviSkaraNa kaLA nathI. sallInI vyAkhyA naM. 3 aceAkasa che; kAraNa ke, aMgata lAbhadRSTithI alaga rIte, kartA ane zrotA - prekSakone majedAra lAgaNI anubhavAvatI vastuo ke kAryomAM, jAdu ane vyAyAmanA khelA ane bIjI pravRtio paNa AvI jAya, ke je kaLA nathI. bIjI bAjA, je karavAmAM tenA kartAne majA na AvatI hAya ane tenAthI sAmAne thatuM saMvedana arucikara hoya, evI vastuo, jevI ke, kAvya ane nATakamAM AvatAM viSAdamaya hRdayabhedaka dRzyo,-- cAkkasapaNe kalAkRtio hoya. A badhI vyAkhyAonI acAkarAtA e hakIkatamAMthI nIpaje che ke, ( tattvajJAnI vyAkhyAo sudhdhAM ) te badhImAM je vastu vicArAI che, te kaLAmAMthI maLatI majA ke AnaMda che, ane nahi ke manuSyajIvanamAM ane manuSyajAtamAM teNe je hetu sAravAnA che te. eTale, kalAnI sAcI vyAkhyA karavI hoya teA pahelI jarUra e che ke, AnaMda ke majAnA sAdhana tarIke tene gaNatA aTakavuM, ane tene

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kalAnI kharI vyAkhyA mAnava jIvananI eka AdhAra-vastu mAnavI. e rIte jotAM acUka ApaNane jaNAze ke, kalA e manuSya manuSya vacce vinimaya karavA mATenuM eka sAdhana che. dareka kalAkRti tenA bhoktAne, tenA kartA joDe tathA bhUta bhaviSya ke vartamAna kALamAM te ja kRtinA bIjA badhA bhaktA joDe, amuka prakAranI saMbaMdha-gAMTha bAMdhI Ape che. manuSyanA vicAro tathA anubhavonuM vahana karIne bhASA temanI aMdara ekatA ke milananuM sAdhana bane che; ane kalA paNa evo ja uddeza sAre che. vinimayanA A bIjA sAdhana kalAnI khAsiyata e che ke, zabdo vaDe mANasa sAmAne potAnA vicAro pahoMcADe che, tyAre kalA vaDe te potAnI lAgaNIo mokale che. vinimayanAM e be sAdhanomAM je phera che te AthI che. kalAnI pravRttino AdhAra e hakIkata para che ke, eka mANasa pote anubhavelI Urmi ke lAgaNIne vyakta kare, tene sAmo mANasa potAnAM kAna ke AMkhathI jhIlIne anubhavI zake che. Ano sAdAmAM sAdo dAkhala laIe : eka jaNa hase che ane te sAMbhaLanAra bIjo mANasa tethI rAjI thAya che. eka mANasa uzkerAI jAya che ke chaMcheDAya che, tene joI bIjo mANasa evI manodazAmAM Ave che. potAnA halanacalana ke hAvabhAvathI athavA to kaMThanA dhvanithI eka mANasa hiMmata ane nizcaya athavA zoka ane zAMti batAve che, ane A manodazA bIjAone pahoMce che. eka pIDAto mANasa UMhakA ane cIsakAthI potAnI pIDA vyakta kare che, ane A pIDA enI meLe bIjA lokane pahoMce che. eka mANasa amuka vastuo ke mANaso ke dRzyo yA ghaTanAone mATe vakhANa, bhakti, bhaya, Adara ke premanI potAnI lAgaNI vyakta kare che, ane sAmevALA bIjA te ja pramANenI lAgaNIothI cepAya che. Ama sAmA mANasanI lAgaNIono AviSkAra jhIlIne pote jAte temane anubhavI zakavuM, evA prakAranI je manuSya-zakti, tenA upara kalA-pravRtti avalaMbe che.

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34 kaLA eTale zuM? eka mANasa potAnA dekhAvathI ke potAnA dhvanithI, pote jevI lAgaNI anubhavI tevI ja tene lAgalI pragaTa kare, ane bIjAne ke aneka bIjAne tarata sIdhesIdhA te vaDe cepe; jema ke, pitAthI bagAsuM khAyA vagara na rahevAya ne te khAIne sAmAne bagAsuM khavaDAve, athavA potAne hasavuM ke raDavuM paDe ne tethI sAmAne hasAve ke raDAve, athavA potAne du:khI thavuM paDe ne tethI sAmAne du:khI kare; -AvI kriyA kaLA nathI thatI. kaLA tyAre zarU thAya che ke jyAre mANasa, amuka eka lAgaNInA anubhavamAM potAnI sAthe bIjAne ke aneka bIjAne sAthe joDavAnA uddezathI, te lAgaNIne amuka bAhya saMjJAo dvArA vyakta kare. eka sAdAmAM sAdo dAkhalo laIe: dhAro ke, eka chokare varu sAme maLatAM nIpajato bhaya anubhavyo, ane have te ene varNave che. pote bhayanI je lAgaNI anubhavI te sAmAmAM tAdRza upajAvavAne sAru, te potAnI jAtanuM, varunI bheTa thatA pahelAMnI potAnI dazAnuM, AsapAsanuM, jaMgalanuM, potAnA AnaMdI svabhAvanuM varNana kare che, ane pachI, kema varu dekhAyuM, kevAM tenAM halanacalana hatAM, tenI ne potAnI vacce keTaluM . aMtara hatuM, vagere badhuM kahe che. A vAta kahetI vakhate, jo te chokaro te vakhate pote anubhavelI lAgaNIo pharI anubhave ane zrotAone teno cepa lagADe ne potAnI lAgaNI anubhavavA temane pharaja pADete uparanuM badhuM varNana kaLA che. chokare varune joyuM ja na hoya paNa ghaNI vAra tenAthI bIto hoya, ane te bIkanI lAgaNI bIjAmAM jagavavAnI icchAthI, varu sAthe bheTa kalpI kADhIne te kahe, ke jethI zrotAone potAnA anubhavanI varu-bhayanI lAgaNI anubhavAveto te paNa kaLA thAya. ane tevI rIte, ( kharekhara ke kalpanAthI) mANasa du:khano bhaya ke AnaMdanuM AkarSaNa anubhavI, te lAgaNIone kenvAsa ke Arasa para evI rIte utAre che te joIne bIjA cepAya, to te kalA che. ane mANasa, kharekhara ke kalpanAthI, AnaMda, sukha, du:kha, nirAzA,

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kalAnI kharI vyAkhyA 35 hiMmata ke viSAda, ane e lAgaNIono ekamAMthI bIjAmAM saMcAra jAte anubhave, ane temane dhvani dvArA evI rIte vyakta kare che, te sAMbhaLIne zrotAo temanA vaDe cepAya, ane pelA vanikAre anubhavI hoya evI ja tAdRza lAgaNIo teo anubhave, - Ama thAya to te paNa kaLA che. kalAkAra je lAgaNIo vaDe bIjAne cepe, te aneka jAtanI hoya : te ghaNI sabaLI ke ghaNI nabaLI, bhAre mahattvanI ke ati najIvI, ghaNI kharAba ke ghaNI sArI hoya; nATakamAM varNavelAM svadezaprema, svArpaNa ke daiva-yA-Izvara-AdhInatA hoya; navalakathAmAM utArelo premIone AnaMdonmAda hoya; citramAM AlekhelI viSayeMdriyasukhanI lAgaNIo hoya; vijayakUcathI vyakta thatI hiMmata hoya; nRtyathI jagavAtI laheranI ramajhaTa hoya; hAsyakathAthI prerAto vinoda hoya; saMdhyAnA dRzyathI ke hAlaraDAnA zravaNathI saMcAra thatI zAMtatAnI bhAvanA hoya; athavA to suMdara zaNagArelI sajAvaTathI jagavAtI vakhANanI lAgaNI hoya. A badhuM kaLA che. kartAe anubhavelI lAgaNIothI jo zrotA ke prekSaka varga cepAya, to te kRti kalA che. pate eka vAra anubhavelI lAgaNuM pAchI pitAmAM jagavavI, ane ema karIne pachI tene, halanacalana, rekhA, raMga, davani, ke zabdacitraNa dvArA, bIjAone evI rIte pahoMcADavI, ke jethI te ja lAgaNI tee anubhave -kalApravRtti A vastu che. kalA eka mAnavapravRtti che; eka mANasa pote anubhavelI lAgaNIone jJAnapUrvaka, amuka bAhya saMjJAo mAraphata, bIjAone pahoMcADe che, ane e lAgaNIo vaDe bIjAe cepAya che ane temane pote paNa anubhave che. tattvajJAnIo kahe che tema, kalA kazuMka gUDha atIndriya tattva ke Izvarano AviSkAra nathI; kaLA aMge zarIravidyAnI dRSTivALAo kahe che tema, mANasa potAnA zakti-bhaMDArano vadhAro je vaDe bahAra nIkaLavA de che evo khela ke krIDA, te kaLA nathI; bAhya saMjJAothI manuSyanI

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kaLA eTale zuM? Urmione AviSkAra e kaLA nathI; majedAra ke AnaMdaka vastunuM nirmANa e kaLA nathI; ane sauthI khAsa to e ke, te majA ke AnaMda nathI. paraMtu kaLA e manuSyomAM ekatA ke milananuM sAdhana che; ekasamAna lAgaNIo anubhavavAne mATe te saune ekaThA kare che, ane e rIte te vyakti tathA samasta mAnavajAtanA jIvana ane kalyANa tarapha pragati karavAne mATe anivArya vastu che. bhASAthI vicAro vyakta karavAnI potAnI zaktithI mANasa, pUrve AkhI mAnavajAte vicArakSetramAM potAne mATe zuM karyuM che, te jANI zake che; ane bIjAnA vicAro samajavAnI potAnI zaktithI temanI vicAraNAomAM te bhAga laI zake che, ane bIjA pAsethI meLavI pote pacAvIne apanAvelA ke petAmAM ja navA kurelA vicAro potAnA samakAlInane tathA pachI thanArA anugAmIone te ApI zake che. AvI bhASAzaktinI ja peThe, kaLA vATe bIjAnI lAgaNIothI cepAvAnI potAnI mAnavazaktithI, mANasane tenA samakAlIna jIvanamAM je badhuM anubhave che, tathA hajAro varSo pUrvenAM manuSyoe anubhavelI lAgaNIo, te badhuM maLI zake che, ane potAnI lAgaNIo paNa bIjAne pahoMcADavAnI zakayatA tene sAMpaDe che. potAnA pUrvajonA vicAro meLavavAnI ane potAnA vicAro bIjAne pahoMcADavAnI AvI bhASAnI zakti jo loko pAse na hoya, to mANasa rAnI pazu jevo ke kAspara hosera* jevo ja raheta. ane jo kaLAthI cepAvAnI A bIjI zakti manuSyamAM na hota, to manuSyo enA karatAM paNa vadhu rAnI raheta; ane vizeSa to e ke, ka TesTaca nIce TIpamAM A mANasanI Ama oLakhANa Ape che - ""nyureaga anAthAlaya 'ne, te zaheranA bajAramAM, tA. 23-5-1928nA reja, lagabhaga saLeka varSane dekhAto A mANasa hAtha lAgele. te jUja jAja ja bolato ane sAmAnya cIjo viSe paNa te lagabhaga sAva ajJAna ja hato. pachI AgaLa upara teNe samajAvyuM hatuM ke, tene bhecarAnI kedamAM ucheravAmAM Avyo hato ane eka ja mANasa tenI pAse Avate, - jene te bhAgye ja jete. "

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kulAnI kharI vyAkhyA 37 ekabIjAthI te vadhAre alaga ane mAMhAmAMhe vadhAre jhaghaDatA ne zatruvaTavALA hota. AthI karIne kalAnI kriyA ati mahattvanI mAnavapravRtti che. khuda bhASAnI kriyA jeTalI tenI mahattA che, ane manuSyamAM te eTalI ja sarvasAmAnya vyApelI che. ApaNI upara bhASA mAtra pravacano, bhASaNA, ke cApaDIethI ja nahi, paraMtu vicAro ane anubhavAnI Apale karavA mATe ApaNe je je badhA bAla kADhIe chIe te badhAthI paNa kAma kare che; te ja pramANe, kalA, tenA vizALa arthamAM, ApaNA AkhA jIvanamAM sabhara vyApe che; paraMtu 'kalA 'zabda ApaNe mAtra tenA gheADA ja AviSkArone, tenA maryAdita arthamAM, lagADIe chIe. thiyeTaro, saMgIta-jalasA, ane pradarzanamAM je ApaNe joIe ke sAMbhaLIe, tene ja kalA samajavAne ApaNe TevAyA chIe,-- ( makAno, pUtaLAM, kAvyo, navalakathA, vagere paNa A sAthe samajI levAM. ). . paraMtu A badhuM te, jIvanamAM jenAthI ApaNe Apale karIe chIe evuM je kalA-sAdhana, tene nAnAmAM nAnA ja bhAga che. hAlaraDuM, majAka, cALA ke nakala, ghara-zaNagAra, vastra ane vAsaNakUsaNathI mAMDIne prArthanA, imAratA, smArako, ane vijayakUcA AvI AvI vividha badhI kalAkRtiothI AkhuM mAnavajIvana bhareluM che. A badhuM ja kalApravRtti che. eTale kalAnA maryAdita arthamAM, lAgaNIo vahana karatI badhI ja mAnavapravRttine ApaNe klA nathI kahetA, paraMtu tenA eTalA ja bhAgane kahIe chIe ke jene, amuka kAraNane laIne, ApaNe temAMthI vINI laIe chIe ane khAsa mahattva ApIe chIe. AvuM khAsa mahattva badhAM manuSyoe hameza, A pravRttinA e ja bhAgane ApyuM che ke je temanI dharmapratItimAMthI jharatI lAgaNIonuM vahana kare che; ane A nAnA bhAgane teoe khAsa karIne kaLA kahI che, ane kaLA zabdano pUrNa artha tene lagADayo che.

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38 kaLA eTale zuM? | saoNkreTIsa, pleTo, erisToTala, e prAcIna bujara kaLAne A pramANe lekhatA. e ja pramANe hibU pegaMbaro ane prAcIna khristIo paNa kaLAne AdaratA. ema ja musalamAno samajatA ane hajI samaje che. ane e ja pramANe, ApaNI potAnI kheDu-parajamAM je dharmabhAvI che, te hajI paNa samaje che. mAnavajAtanA keTalAka guruo - jema ke, "ripablika'mAM pleTo, AdikhristIo jevA loka, custa musalamAna, ane bauddho - eTale sudhI gayA che ke, teoe kalAmAtrane inkArI che. AjanI pracalita kalAdRSTi AnaMda ApanArI koI paNa cIjane sArI kalA gaNe che. upara jaNAvelI rIte kalA vicAranArAo A rItanI sAme jaI ema mAnatA ane mAne che ke, bhASAnuM to evuM che ke na sAMbhaLavI hoya to na sAMbhaLIe, paraMtu kaLAnI zakti to evI bhAre bhayaMkara che ke, icchA viruddha te lokone cepI zake che; eTale je te badhI ja kaLAne sahI levA karatAM kaLAmAtrane pANIcuM ApavAthI manuSyajAtane kayAMya chuM nukasAna thaze. kalAmAtrane inkArI kADhavAmAM A loko ughADI bhUla karatA hatA; kema ke, jenA vinA manuSyajAta nabhI na zake evA anivArya tathA na inkArI zakAya evA eka mAnava-vinimaya-sAdhanane teo nakAratA hatA. paraMtu AjanA ApaNA varganA sudharelA yuropIya samAjanA loko paNa tyAre sAmethI ochI bhUla nathI karatA: sauMdarya sAdhe, eTale ke, lokane majA ke AnaMda karAve, to pachI game tevI kaLAne te pasaMda kare che ! A pahelAM loko ema bItA ke, rakhene kalAkRtiomAM thoDIka bhraSTa karanArI pesI gaI to ! eTale teo sadaMtara kaLAno niSedha karatA. have loko ema bI e che ke, rakhene kaLA ApI zake evI koI paNa majA vagara ApaNe rahI jaIe to ! eTale te game te kaLAne saMghare che. ' ane mane lAge che ke, A bIjI bhUla pahelI karatAM vadhAre moTI che ane tenAM pariNAmo kayAMya vadhAre nukasAna karanArAM che.

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khATI vyAkhyAonuM mULakAraNuM paraMtu, prAcIna kALamAM, je kaLA (kadAca TakavA devAmAM AvatI toya) sahI ja levAmAM AvatI, te ja kaLA ApaNA samayamAM, te majA karAve teTalA mAtra, acUka sArI vastu gaNAvA lAgI, - AvuM banI zakayuM zI rIte? e pariNAma nIcenAM kAraNoe AvyuM che:- manuSyo jIvanane je artha jue che tenA upara kaLAnI ( eTale ke, te dvArA vahana thatI lAgaNIonI) kiMmatanI AMkaNI AdhAra rAkhe che; arthAt jIvanamAM teo zAne sAruM ane zAne narasuM mAne che, tenA upara e avalaMbe che. ane sAruM chuM ane naThAruM zuM, enI vyAkhyA, jene dharma kahevAmAM Ave che, tenA vaDe thAya che. mAnavajAta jIvananI potAnI nIcalI kakSAnI AMzika ne aspaSTa samajamAMthI, sarakhAmaNImAM tenAthI vadhAre vizALa ane spaSTatara evI UMcI bhUmikAe satata pragati kare che. ane hareka mAnava hilacAlanI peThe AmAM paNa tenA netAo hoya che. (netAo eTale ke, evA mANase ke jeo bIjA karatAM jIvanano artha vadhAre spaSTa samaje che. ) ane AvA AgaLa vadhelA mANasomAM hameza eka evo mANasa hoya che, ke je A jIvananA arthane bIjA karatAM vadhAre spaSTatA - saraLatA ane baLapUrvaka, potAnI vANIthI ane potAnA jIvanathI vyakta karato hoya che. Avo mANasa jIvanane je artha vyakta kare che, tathA tevA mANasanI smRtinI AsapAsa je vahema, praNAlIo ane vidhie sAmAnyapaNe UbhAM thAya che, te badhAne samAveza "dharma' kahevAtI vastumAM thAya che. 39

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kaLA eTale zuM? Ama, dharmo e, amuka samaye, amuka samAjamAM, tenA sarvazreSTha ane AgevAna mANasone jIvananI je UMcAmAM UMcI samaja sAMpaDI hoya, (ke jenA bhaNI bAkIno badho samAja anivAryapaNe ane avazya AgaLa vadhato hoya che,) te samajanA pratinidhio che. ane tethI karIne hameza mAnavI lAgaNIonI AMkaNInA pAyA tarIke mAtra dharmoe ekalAe ja kAma dIdhuM che ane hajI paNa de che. potAno dharma je jIvana-Adarza batAvato hoya tenI pAse laI janArI je lAgaNIo hoya, athavA tenI sAme thatI nahi paNa tene anurUpa hoya, te lAgaNIo sArI; ane je lAgaNIo mANasane te AdarzathI vimukha kare, athavA tene pratikULa hoya, te lAgaNIo kharAba. yahUdI dharmamAM kahe che ema, dharma jo ekezvaranI pUjA ane tenI manotI icchAnuM pAlana --- emAM jIvanano artha batAve, to e Izvara ane tenA kAyadAnA premamAMthI jharatI lAgaNIo (ke jemane pegaMbaree kAvyakalA dvArA saphaLatApUrvaka bAIbalanAM bhajano ke "jenesisa"--utpatti prakaraNanI mahAkathA mAraphata vahana karI che, ) te badhI sArI UMcI kaLA kahevAya. ane enI sAme badhuM (dA. ta. vicitra aneka devonI bhaktinI lAgaNIo ke IzvarI kAyadA sAthe meLa na khAtI lAgaNIonuM vahana) kharAba kaLA gaNAya. athavA jema grIka lokomAM hatuM tema, dharma jo jIvanano artha pArthiva sukhamAM, suMdaratAmAM ne baLamAM rahelo batAve, to jIvananA AnaMda ane jomane saphaLatAthI vahana karatI kaLA sArI gaNAya; paNa je kaLA viSAda ke strauNa yA abaLApaNAnI lAgaNIo vahAve, te kharAba gaNAze. athavA romana lokonI jema, jIvanano artha potAnA rASTranuM kalyANa samajAya, to saunA kalyANa arthe potAnA aMgata svArthanA balidAnathI maLatA AnaMdanI lAgaNIo vahana karatI kaLA sArI gaNAya; paNa temanI virodhI lAgaNIo vyakta karatI kaLA kharAba gaNAya.

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khATI vyAkhyAonuM mULakAraNu athavA to cInI lokonI peThe, potAnA pUrvajone mATe bahumAna ane temanI ApelI jIvanapaddhatino taMtu atUTa cAlatA rAkhavA emAM jo jIvana-artha dekhAya, to potAnA pUrvajonI zraddhAbhaktithI ane temanI praNAlIonI rakSAthI maLatA AnaMdanI lAgaNIo vahana karatI kaLA sArI gaNAya; paraMtu temanI virodhI lAgaNI vyakta karatI kaLA kharAba gaNAya. athavA bauddhomAM che tema, jo pAzava iMdriyAdhInatAmAMthI mukta thavAmAM jIvanano artha dekhAya, te AtmAne upara karatI ane zarIrane damatI lAgaNIone saphaLatAthI vahatI kaLA sArI manAze, ane zarIranA Avegone puSTa karatI lAgaNIone vahatuM badhuM kharAba kaLAmAM khapaze. 41 dareka yugamAM ane dareka mAnavasamAjamAM, te te AkhA samAjane sarvasAdhAraNa evI, zuM sAruM ne zuM naThAruM ema kahetI sadasavivekanI amuka dharmabhAvanA ke dharmabuddhi meAjajUda hoya che; ane kaLA vaDe je lAgaNIo vahana thAya temanI kiMmata A dharmadRSTi TharAve che. tethI, badhI prajAemAM potAnI AvI sarvasAdhAraNa dharmabuddhi je lAgaNIone sArI gaNe, temanuM vahana karatI kaLA sArI lekhAtI ane tene uttejana apAtuM; paraMtu A sarvasAmAnya dharmabhAvanA je lAgaNIone kharAba gaNe, temane vahatI kaLA kharAba gaNAtI ane tene rada karavAmAM AvatI. tyAra pachInuM bAkInuM moTuM kalAkSetra, ke je vaDe loko arasaparasa lAgaNI - vinimaya kare che, tenI jarAya pata thatI nahi. ane jo yugamAnya dharmabhAvanAthI te sAme jAya to ja tenI khabara levAtI, ane te tene pheMkI devAne mATe ja. grIka, yahUdI, hiMdI, misarI ane cInI sau prajAemAM Ama ja hatuM, ane khristI dharma Avyo tyAre paNa ema ja hatuM. IsvI sananAM Adi saikAMnA khristIdharma purANakathA, saMtakathAo, pravacano, bhajana, ane prArthanA ke stutine ja mAtra sArI kalAkRtio lekhatA; kema ke, te badhAM Izu upara prema, tenA jIvana viSe bhAvAmi, tenuM anukaraNa karavAnI icchA, dunyavI jIvananA tyAga, namratA, ane bIjAM upara prema, e bhAvA jagave che. aMgata bhAgavilAsanI

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42 kaLA eTale zuM? lAgaNIo vahana karatI badhI kalAkRtine te kharAba lekhatA ane tethI temane rada karatA. jema ke, potAne mAnya evA bhAvA sUcavatI mUrtinuM vidhAna teNe nabhavA dIdhuM, paraMtu gerakhristI paeNgana badhI zilpakRtione rada karI. krAisTanA bodhane tenA taddana sAcA svarUpamAM nahi teAya, pAchaLathI tenuM je vikRta ane a-khristI peMgana karAyeluM rUpa svIkArAyuM, te rUpe to, ochAmAM ochuM, tene nahi ja svIkAranArA evA, zarUnAM saikAnA Adi khristIomAM kalA viSe A pramANe hatuM. paraMtu A khristI dharma uparAMta kaoNnsTenTAIna, zArlAmaeNna, ane lADImIranA vakhatamAM, ke jyAre sattAvALAonA hukamathI AkhI ne AkhI prajAonAM dharmAntara karavAmAM AvyAM, tyAre eka bIjA dharme dekhA dIdhI. te bIjA dharma te devaLadharma* arthAt devaLanI AsapAsa UbhA thayelA khristI-dharmanA prakAra. te prakAra khristanA karatAM tenI pUrvanA paeNgana dharmanI vadhAre najIka hatA. ane A devaLadhame lokonI lAgaNIonI ane temane vahanArI kalAkRtionI, potAnA khAsa zikSaNa anusAra, taddana judI ja rIte AMkaNI karI. sAcA khristI dharmanA mULabhUta ane tenA marmarUpa siddhAMta A pramANe che :-- saunA eka pitA paramezvara sAthe dareka manuSyanI sIdhI sagAI; te parathI philata thatI manuSyamAtranI samatA ane baMdhutA; ane dareka prakAranI hiMsAne sthAne namratA ane premanI sthApanA. pelA devaLadhameM A sAcAM khristI dharmatattvA na mAnyAM, eTaluM ja nahi, UlaTu sAmethI teNe, paeNgana purANAne maLatI svargIya devoNI sthApI, tathA Izu, kanyA-mAtA merI (dha varjIna '), devadUta, pegaMbaro, saMtA, ane zahIdonI pUjA dAkhala karI; ane temanI ja nahi, temanI mUrtionI paNa pUjA dAkhala karI. ane ema karIne te dhamaeN potAnA - * Ane mATe aMgrejImAM 'carciyAniTI' nAma hAla vaparAya che. moDa carca-krizciyAniTI' zabda vApare che.

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khetI vyAkhyAonuM mULakAraNu dharmataMtramAM ane tenI Avazyaka muddo banAvyo. 43 AjJAomAM aMdhazrAddhAne potAnA zikSaNanA A devaLadharmI zikSaNa sAcA khristI dharmane game tevuM parAyuM ke tethI vegaLuM hatuM; tathA sAcA khristI dharmanI sarakhAmaNImAM ja nahi, paraMtu juliyana ane bIjA romanAnI jIvanadRSTinI tulanAmAMya te bhale game teTaluM hINuM hatuM; tema chatAM te zikSaNane svIkAranArA jaMgalI loko pahelAM jene anusaratA hatA te devA, vIra puruSo, ne sArAM narasAM bhUtAnI pUjA karatAM, te zikSaNa vadhAre UMcuM dharmatattva hatuM. ane tethI temane mATe e dharma banyuM, ane te dharmane AdhAre te kALanI kaLA aMkAI; eTale kanyAmAtA merI - Izu khrista - saMtA - ane devadUtonI pUjA, devaLadharmataMtramAM aMdhazraddhA ane tenuM AjJApAlana, maraNa bAda narakayAtanAnA bhaya ane svargasukhanI AzA -- A bhAvAne vahanArI kaLA sArI gaNAI, ane temanI virodhI badhI kaLA kharAba manAI. je dharmazikSaNanA AdhAra para A kaLA jAgI, te Izu khristanA bAdhanuM viparIta rUpa hatuM; tema chatAM A viparIta ke vikRta rUpane AdhAre je kaLA sphurI te te sAcI kaLA hatI; kema ke, je lokomAM te sphurI temanA jIvananI dharmadRSTine e anurUpa hatI. - madhyayugIna kalAkAroe paNa, tatkAlIna Ama-janatAnI ja dharmabhAvanAmAMthI cetana pAmIne, je lAgaNIo tathA manodazAo pote anubhavI, temane zilpa, sthApatya, citraNa, saMgIta, kAvya ke nATaya vATe vahana karI; ane ema teo sAcA kalAkAra hatA. ane temanA yugane sulabha ane AkhI janatAne sarvasAmAnya evA sarvocca bhAvAnA AdhAra para racAyelI temanI e pravRtti ApaNA yugane joke kSudra kaLA lAge, chatAM te sAcI kaLA hatI; kema ke, AkhI janatA tenI bhAktA hatI. ane A pramANe tyAM sudhI badhuM cAlyuM ke jyAM sudhI te devaLadharma batAvelI jIvana-samajanI satyatA viSe yuropIya samAjanA upalA, dhanI ne vadhu bhaNelA vargomAM zaMkA nahAtI. paraMtu khristI dharmayuddho

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44 kaLA eTale zuM? ane popanI sattAnA pUrepUrA vikAsa ane tenA durupayogA bAda, jyAre dhanika varganA loko ( grIka laeNTina bhASAnA ) prAcIna sAhityathI piricata thayA, tyAre eka bAju te sAhityanA prAcIna RSionA zikSaNanI samajaNabharI saraLatA joIne, tathA bIjI bAju devaLadharmatattva ane Izu khristanA bodha vacce meLa khAto na joIne, devaLadharmazikSaNamAM mAnavAnuM cAlu rAkhavAnuM teone mATe pUrepUruM azakaya banI gayuM. bAhya AcAramAM to teo devaLadharmazikSaNanA DhaMga hajI rAkhatA hatA, topaNa temAM te have mAnI zakatA nahotA; ane tene vaLagI rahetA hatA te te mAtra jaDatAne laIne ane Ama-janatA upara asara pADavA sAru; kema ke, Ama-prajA te dharmatattvamAM aMdhazraddhAthI mAnatI hatI, ane e mAnyatA rAkhavAmAM tene uttejana ApavAnuM pelA upalA vargone, pAtAnI aMgata lAbhadRSTie, jarUranuM lAgatuM hatuM. eTale, emAMthI evo samaya Avyo, ke jyAre devaLadharma badhA khristI lokono sarvamAnya dharmasiddhAMta na rahyo; keTalAka loka (AmajanatA) tene aMdhatAthI mAnatA cAlu rahyA; paraMtu upalA vargo, ke jemanA hAthamAM dhana ane sattA hatAM ne tethI kaLA pedA karavA navarAza ane tene uttejana ApavA sAdhana hatAM, te te zikSaNamAM mAnatA baMdha thayA hatA. dharma bAbatamAM, madhyayuganA upalA vargonI sthiti, khristI dharmanA udaya pUrvenA bhaNelA romanonA jevI hatI : teo Ama-janatAnA dharmamAM te mAnatA nahAtA, paNa potAne mATe nirarthaka banelA pelA jIrNa devaLadharmatattvane sthAne mUkavA jevI koI bIjI mAnyatAo paNa temanI pAse nahAtI. e bemAM phera hatA te ATalA ja ke, potAnA samrATa-devo ane gRhadevatAomAM zraddhA khoI beThelA romano tA, temaNe jItelI prajA pAsethI meLavelI mizrA ne bahuvidha purANakathAmAMthI kazuM paNa vadhu sArarUpe kADhI zake tema nahAtA; eTale temane taddana navI ja jIvanadRSTi meLavavAnI jarUra hatI. paraMtu madhyayuganA lAkone jyAre devaLadharma

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4 beTI vyAkhyAonuM mULa kAraNa ke zikSaNanI satyatAmAM zaMkA UThI, tyAre temane navuM zikSaNa zodhavA javAnuM nahotuM. devaLadharmatatvanA bhraSTa rUpamAM je Izubodha teo pALatA hatA, teNe mAnava pragatinA mArgano nakazo eTale AgaLa sudhI dorI Apyo hato ke, temaNe mAtra Izu khristanA sAcA bodha para vaLelAM e bhraSTatAnAM paDa kADhI nAkhI teno sAco artha ja apanAvavAno hato. te kAma pUrepUruM na thaI zake to paNa, kAMI nahi to devaLadharma karatAM kaMIka vadhAre te bodhane apanAvAya to basa. vikalIpha, hasa, lyuthara, ane kAlvinanA dharmasudhArAomAM ja nahi, paNa devaLadharma bahAranA--geradevaLadharmI khristI dharmapravAhe * keTaleka aMze A ja kArya karyuM hatuM. paraMtu A kArya mukhyatve garIba loka ja karI zake, ane karyuM hatuM paNa emaNe ja; paNa te rAjyakartA ke samartha loka nahotA. esIsInA saMta phrAnsisa ane bIjA keTalAka dhanika ne baLavAna lokoe, potAnA sAmAjika mobhA ane hakane bhoge paNa, khristI dharmabodhane tenA pUrA arthamAM svIkAryo. paraMtu moTA bhAganA upalA varganA loko (joke aMtarathI temane devaLadharmamAM zraddhA nahotI rahI te chatAM,) A pramANe vatI zakatA ke vartavAnA nahotA; kAraNa ke, eka vAra teo devaLadhamI zraddhA choDe ke tenI jagAe svIkAravAne mATe temanI pAse je taiyAra khaDuM hatuM te khristI jIvanadRSTinuM rahasya hatuM, eTale ke mAnava-baMdhutA ane tethI mAnavamAtranI samatAnuM zikSaNa hatuM. paraMtu te temanA khAsa hakone inkAratuM hatuM, ke je hako upara teo jIvatA hatA, tathA jemAM rahIne teo UcharyA ne bhaNyA hatA, tathA jemanAthI TevAI gayA hatA. eTale temanA hRdayanA UMDANamAM juo to teo devaLadharmazikSaNane mAnatA ja A devaLadharma bahAranA dharmapravAhanA zarUmAM pratinidhio hatA polizacana" ane "baeNgemilAITa" leko, ane pachIthI hatA "lDasa" vagere gera-devaLadhama khristI loko. A lokone 'nAstika" ke dharmabahAranA baLavAkhora mAnavAmAM AvatA.

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kaLA eTale zuM? nahotA, kema ke te tevA-samaya bahAranuM-kaveLAnuM thaI gayuM hatuM, ne tethI temAM emane kazo sAco artha lAgato nahoto. ane nahotA teo eTalA baLavAna ke sAco khristI dharma pote svIkArI zake. Ama popo, rAjAo, amIro ane duniyAnA badhA moTA mANasonA banelA dhanI ne rAjakartA vargo ekeya dharmavALA rahyA nahotA. rahyuM hatuM temanI pAse mAtra eka pelA devaLadharmanA bAhya AcAronuM khokhuM, ke je lAbhadAyI ane potAne mATe jarUrI paNa hoIne teo nabhAvatA hatA; kAraNa ke, je khAsa hako teo vAparI khAtA hatA, temane vAjabI TharAvanArA zikSaNane A khAlI khokhuM TakAvatuM hatuM. kharuM jotAM, IsvI sananAM Adi saikAnA romanonI peThe, A lokone kazAmAM ja zraddhA nahotI. paNa tyAre tenI ja sAthe dhana-ane-sattAdhArI loko paNa A ja hatA, ane teo ja kaLAne nabhAvanArA ane doranArA hatA. ane e paNa dhyAnamAM levAnuM che ke, A lokomAM pelI kaLA janmI, ke jenI kadara manuSyonI dharmabhAvanA vyakta karavAnI saphaLatA parathI nahi, paraMtu tenA sauMdaryanA pramANa parathI - eTale ke, jeTalI majA ke AnaMda te Ape te uparathI thAya che. A dhanika ne sattAdhArI loko devaLadharmamAM mAnI zakatA nahotA, kema ke tenI asatyatA emaNe joI hatI; ke nahotA te loko sAco khristI-bodha svIkArI zakatA, kema ke te to emanI AkhI jIvanapaddhatine ja avamAnato hato. Ama eka bAju na rahelA te loko jIvananI kazIya dharmadRSTi vagaranA thayA; eTale anicchAe teo pahelAMnI pelI paigana jIvanadRSTi upara pAchA gayA, ke je dRSTi vaiyaktika mojamajAmAM jIvanano artha rahelo batAve che. ane pachI te upalA vargomAM, vijJAna ane kaLAnuM punarutthAna ke navodaya jene kahevAya che te jagyuM. ane kharuM jotAM, e dareka dharmano inkAra karanAruM ja nahi, paNa emeya kahenAruM hatuM ke, dharma binajarUrI vastu che.

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beTI vyAkhyAonuM mULa kAraNa, 47 devaLadharmasiddhAMta evuM susaMbaddha zAstra che ke, temAM sudhAro ke pheraphAra karavA jatAM te AkhuM ja vaNasI jAya; samULuM nAza karyA vagara te sudhArI ke pheravI na zakAya. popa bhUla kare ja nahi evI tenI acUkatA bAbata jevI zaMkA UThI, (ane evI zaMkA te kALamAM badhA bhaNelA lokanA manamAM hatI,) tevI ja tenI keDe rUDhi ke praNAlInI satyatA bAbata zaMkA jAgI. paNa rUDhi ke praNAlInI satyatA viSe zaMkA, e to popazAhI ane kaeNthalika dharmane mATe ja nahi, paraMtu devaLadharmanA (IzunI divyatA, maraNa bAda temanuM punarujajIvana, ane trimUrti, e) badhA siddhAMto sahita tenA AkhA mULatatvane paNa mAraka che; ane zAstronA prAmANyano paNa te nAza kare che. kema ke, devaLadharma-praNAlIe TharAvyuM tethI ja te Izvaraprerita gaNAyAM hatAM. eTale, te jamAnAnA upalA vargonA moTA bhAganA loko (popa ane pAdarI sudhdhAM) kharekhara kazAmAM ja zraddhAvALA nahotA. devaLadharmatattvamAM A loko nahi mAnatA, kema ke tenI nAdArI temaNe joI hatI; ane na teo Izu khristano naitika ane sAmAjika bodha svIkArIne saMta phrAnsisane ke celjIkanA * pITarane, ke evA aneka bIjA devaLadharmavimukha thayelA svataMtra khristIone anusarI zakatA; kAraNa ke, te bodha temanA sAmAjika mobhAnA mULamAM ghA karanAro hato. eTale A loko jIvanamAM koI paNa dharmadRSTi vagaranA rahyA hatA. ane tethI karIne, sArI kaLA kaI ane kharAba kaLA kaI, e AMkavA mATe temanI pAse vaiyaktika mojamajA sivAya, koI dhoraNa ja na rahI zakyuM. ane ka celjIkano pITara hImiyAno hato. te jona hasane eka vaMzaja hato. "yunAiTeDa bradhara' nAme eka apratikAravAdI saMghano te 1457mAM netA hatA. "dhI neTa oNpha pheItha" (zraddhAnI jALa) nAme eka vilakSaNa pustaka teNe lakhyuM che. TesTaoNya tenA "prabhunuM rAjya aMtaramAM che," e nAmanA pustakamAM A copaDIne ullekha kare che. meDa

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48 - kaLA eTale zuM? majA ke AnaMdIbe, eTale ke sadaryane, kalAnA sArApaNAnI kasoTI tarIke svIkAryA pachI, yuropIya samAjanA upalA vargonA A loko, kaLAnI potAnI samajanI bAbatamAM, Adi grIka lokonI jaDa ke bhUla jIvanadRSTi (ke jene pleToe kayAranI dhutkArI kADhI hatI,) tenI upara pAchA gayA; ane jIvananI e samajane barobara goThato Ave evI rItano klAvAda ghaDI kADhavAmAM Avyo.

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navI kaLAnI trimUrti jyArathI upalA varganA lokonI devaLadharmamAMthI zraddhA gaI, tyArathI sauMdarya (eTale ke, kaLAmAMthI maLatI majA ke AnaMda) e sArI ne narasI kaLAnA vivekanuM temanuM dhoraNa banyuM. ane svAbhAvika rIte, e khyAla pramANenA bhAvane yogya TharAvato evo kalAvAda e upalA vargomAM jAgyo ke, kaLAno hetu saudarya vyakta karavAno che. AvA kalAvAdanI satyatAnA samarthanamAM, tenA pakSakAroe nakkIthI jaNAvyuM ke, A kAMI amArI zodha nathI; e vAda to vastusthitimAM ja rahelo che, ane prAcIna grIko paNa ene svIkAratA. paraMtu A to taddana adhdhariyuM vidhAna hatuM. ene pAyo hato te eTalI ja hakIkatano ke, khristI naitika AdarzanI tulanAmAM grIka lokono naitika Adarza Utarato hovAthI, prAcIna grIka lokamAM sAdhutA ke bhalAIno ("to AgathaoNna') temano khyAla sauMdaryanA ("to kAlaoNna') temanA khyAlathI cokhkho nokho paDyo nahoto. sAdhutA ke bhalAI sauMdaryane ekarUpa to kayAM, paNa ghaNe bhAge tenAthI virodhI svarUpanI vastu che. te samajanI sarvocca pUrNatA yahUdI lokoe isaiyA pegaMbaranA kALamAM paNa joI hatI, ane khristI dharmo tene pUrepUrI varNavI che; e pUrNatA grIkone taddana ajANI hatI. teo ema dhAratA ke, suMdara hoya te khasUsa sAruM paNa hovuM joIe. e kharuM che ke, saoNkreTIsa, pleTo, eNrisToTala e je emanA saumAM pramukha vicArako, temane lAgyuM hatuM ke, kadAca sAdhutA ane sauMdarya ekarUpa naye hoya. sokreTIse cokhkhA zabdomAM sauMdaryane sAdhutAthI nIcalI pAyarInuM 49 -

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50 kaLA eTale zuM? gayuM hatuM. e be bhAjone bhegA karavAne mATe, pleTo "AdhyAtmika sauMdaryanI vAta karato. ane eNrisToTala kaLA pAse ema mAgato ke, loko upara tenI naitika asara ("kAtharsIsa') hovI joIe. A badhA chatAM, sAdhutA ane sauMdarya ekamekamAM maLe che e khyAla teo sAva kADhI nAMkhI zakyA nahotA. tethI karIne te samayanI bhASAmAM, A khyAlanA vAcaka tarIke, sauMdarya ane sAdhutAnA grIka zabdono samAsazabda "kAlokAgAthiyA' (sauMdarya-sAdhutA ke ziva-suMdara) vaparAvA lAgyo hate. e ughADuM che ke, grIka RSie, bauddha ane khristI dharmomAM jene sAdhutA kahI che, tenI pratIti pAse AvavA lAgyA hatA, paraMtu sauMdarya ane sAdhutA vaccenA saMbaMdhanI vyAkhyA karavAmAM teo gUMcavAI paDyA. sAdhutA ane sauMdarya bAbatamAM pleTonI vicAraNA paraspara-virodhathI bharapUra che. ane vicAronA A ja goTALAne, pAchaLanA jamAnAnA pelA zraddhAmAtra khoI beThelA yuropiyanae, kAyadAnuM UMcuM sthAna ApavA prayatna karyo. teo evuM sAbita karavA mathyA ke, ziva ane suMdaranuM - sAdhutA ane sauMdaryanuM-A joDANa vastuonA baMdhAraNamAM ja aMtargata raheluM che; eTale sAdhutA ane sauMdarya e be ekasamAna thavAM ja joIe; ane pelo grIka samAsazabda "kAlakAgAthiyA' (ziva-suMdara) ane tene bhAva (ke jemano artha grIkone samajAta, paNa khristIone te muddala nahi, te) janatAne mATe sarvocca Adarza rajU kare che. A gerasamaja para kaLAnI navI vidyA racavAmAM AvI, ane tenI hayAtI che ema puravAra karavA sAru prAcIna lokonuM kaLA vizenuM zikSaNa evuM te macaDavAmAM AvyuM ke, A navI yojI kADhelI kalA-vidyA ke vijJAna jANe grIka lokomAM hayAta hatuM ema jaNAya. kharuM jotAM, prAcInanI kaLA vizenI vicAraNA ApaNI vicAraNAne taddana nA-maLatI hatI. erisToTalanI kalAmImAMsA paranA pitAnA pustakamAM baeNnArDa taddana sAcuM lakhe che ke, "jo jhINavaTathI koI tapAse

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51 UlaTI kApe chejA kare che ke, sauMdaryanI vA mIrAe zarU karelI navI kaLAnI trimUrti to jaNAya ke, sauMdaryane siddhAMta ane kaLAno siddhAMta pleTonI jema erisToTale ane te beunA anugAmIoe tadna nokhA pADayA hatA." ane kharekhara, prAcInonI kalAviSayaka vicAraNA ApaNI kalAvidyAne pramANatI nathI ema ja nahi, paNa tenA sauMdaryanA siddhAMtane te vicAraNA UlaTI kApe che. Ama chatAM, kalAkSetranA, kAslarathI nAITa lagInA, badhA bhomiyAo jAhera kare che ke, sauMdaryanI vidyA-soMdarya ke kaLAnI. mImAMsA - sokreTIsa, pleTo ane eNrisToTala e prAcInae zarU karelI; ane teo kahe che ke, epikacUriyano ne sTaIko, sinekA ane luTArka emanAthI mAMDIne ploTInasa sudhInAe, keTaleka aMze, tene cAlu rAkhelI. paraMtu, ema manAya che ke, kazAka kamanasIba akasmAtane laIne, A vidyA ociMtI cothA saikAmAM lopa thaI gaI ane 1500 varSa sudhI tema ja rahIM; ane 1500 varSa pUrAM thaye, jarmanImAM I. sa. 1750mAM baoNmagArTananA kalAvAdathI pAchI te vidyA pharI jAgI. kAra kahe che ke, ploTInasa pachI 15 saikAM evAM vItyAM ke, temAM kalA ane sauMdaryanI duniyA mATe jarA sarakhe vaijJAnika rasa batAvAyo nahoto. eTale, te kahe che, A doDha hajAra varSa kalAmImAMsA sAru eLe gayAM, ane e vidyAnI pAMDityapUrNa imArata racavA khAte te varSomAM kazuM na maLyuM. " kharuM jotAM AvuM kAMI ja nathI banyuM. kalA-vijJAna, sauMdarya-vijJAna lopAyuM nahotuM; ne te lopAI zakeya nahi, kema ke te kadI hayAta ja nahotuM. sAva saraLatApUrvaka, duniyAmAM badhe ane haMmezAM sau koI varte che temanI ja peThe, grIka loko, bIjI dareka vastu peThe kaLAne paNa, jo te (potAnI samaja pramANenI) sAdhutA ke bhalAInI sevAmAM hoya to tene sArI kahetA, ane jo te tenI sAme hoya to tene kharAba kahetA. ane grIka loko pote nIti bAbatamAM evA ochA vikaselA hatA ke, sauMdarya ane sAdhutA temane ekamekamAM maLatAM lAgatAM. evI jUnI thaI gayelI kAlagrasta grIka jIvanadRSTinA pAyA upara kalAvidyAra racAI, ke jenI zodha

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para kaLA eTale zuM? 18mA saikAnAM mANasAe karI ane khAsa karIne baoNmagArTananA vAdathI te mUrta banI ane pratiSThA pAmI. grIka lAko pAse to kadIya kalAnI vidyA hatI ja nahi. (eNrisToTala ane tenA anugAmI upara baeNnA lakhelI tArIpha lAyaka cApaDI ane volTaranI pleTo paranI cApaDI koI vAMce, te A bAbatanI khAtarI thaze. ) khristI yuropIya samAjanA upalA vargomAM lagabhaga 150 varSa upara kalAvAdo jAgyA, ane te jarmana, iTAliyana, Daca, phreMca ne aMgreja e badhI niranirALI prajAomAM ekasAthe jAgyA. ane teno saMsthApaka ane saMgaThanakAra baoNmagArTana hato; teNe tene vaijJAnika ane zAstrIya rUpa ApyuM. jarmana prajAnA khAsa lakSaNarUpa evI je temanI bAhya cAkasAI, paMDitAI, ane samarUpatA pakaDavAnI najara, te vaDe teNe A ajaba kalAvAda racyo, ane eka zAstra peThe tenuM vivaraNa karIne samajAvyo. ane khullekhullo te vastu-ke-rahasya-zUnya hovA chatAM, saMskArI ToLAne te vAda jevo bIjo eke vAda rucyo nahi, ane teoe tene ATalI badhI vivekazUnyatAthI ane jhaTapaTa svIkArI lIdho. upalA vargone te evo to goThI gayo ke, taddana taraMgI ane adhdhariyo hovA chatAM, te vAdane Aja sudhI bhaNelA ane abhaNa sau koI gAyA kare che, jANe ke te kazI ni:zaMka ane svayaMsiddha vastu na hoya ! 'vAcakanI buddhi upara pustakonuM nasIba avalaMbe che'; ane tema ja ke tethIya vadhAre pramANamAM, vAdonuM nasIba, teo je samAjamAM ane jene mATe zodhAyA hoya, te samAja kaI bhUla-dazAmAM gujare che, tenA para avalaMbe che. samAjano amuka bhAga je asatya dazAmAM raheto hoya, tene jo amuka vAda paramANe, to te vAda bhalene game tevo pAyA vagarano ke ughADo khoTo paNa hoya, te chatAM samAjano te bhAga svIkAre che, ane tene mATe te vAda dharmazraddhAnI vastu banI jAya che. dA. ta., mAthyUsano jANIto paNa pAyA vagarano vAda ke, - jagatanI vastI bhUmiti-zreNIe (guNaka pramANathI) vadhe --

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navI kaLAnI trimUrti 53 che, paraMtu nirvAhanAM sAdhana mAtra aMkagaNita-zreNIne pagale ja vadhe che, ane tethI karIne jagatamAM vadhAre paDatI vastI thai che. mAnava pragatinA pAyA tarIke, (mAtthasa-vAdanA phaNagArUpa evo) jIvanakalaha ane kudaratI pasaMdagIno vAda paNa evo ja bIjo dAkhalo hato. ane mAkarsano vAda paNa evo ja che, ke je mAne che ke, Aja ApaNI cotarapha cAlatA jathAbaMdha mUDIvAdI utpAdanathI chUTaka khAnagI utpAdana-prathA dhIme dhIme nAza pAmaze, e niyatinuM aphara pharamAna che. badhA vAdo game tevA pAyA vagaranA hoya, ke mANasajAta je jANe che ane mAne che te badhAthI game tevA viruddha hoya, ane game tevA ughADA anaitika hoya, tema chatAM teo tarata zraddhApUrvaka manAya che, kazIya TIkAbuddhi vagara pracAramAM Ave che, ane kadAca saikA sudhI,-jyAM sudhI teo je dazA ke sthitine paramANavAnuM kAma karatA hoya te nAza na pAme, athavA to temanuM behUdApaNuM ke abuddhitA sAva ughADAM na paDe, tyAM sudhI - te vAdo upadezAyA kare che. baoNmagArTananI sAdhutA-sauMdarya-ne-satya ("satyaziva-suMdara') e trimUrtino ajaba vAda A jAtano che, ke je vAda mujaba ema dekhAya che ke, 1900 varSanA khristI dharmazikSaNa bAda, prajAonI kaLAthI sArAmAM sAruM je sadhAI zakyuM che te eTaluM ja ke, temaNe potAnA jIvanAdarza tarIke, 2000 varSa upara thaI gayelI eka nAnakaDI, ardha-jaMgalI gulAmarakhu prajA - (ke je nagna zarIranuM AbAda rIte anukaraNa* karatI, ane jovA game evAM jeNe makAno bAMdhyAM hatAM.) - te prajA jene jIvanAdarza mAnatI, tene pasaMda karyo che. paraMtu, AvI AvI badhI asaMgatatAo sAva dhyAna bahAra cAlI jAya che. paMDito satya-ziva-suMdara ( satya, sAdhutA, ne sauMdarya ) e kalA-trimUrtimAMnA eka sabhya sauMdarya upara lAMbA lAMbA graMtho lakhe * A ullekha prAcIna grIka prajAne mATe che te spaSTa che. temanuM zilpa ane sthApatya jagamazahUra che. ahIM AgaLa TaraTaca teno ullekha kare che; paNa tenI nItimattAnI maryAdA ne pachAtapaNanI Takora kare che. ma.

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54 kaLA eTale zuM? che, ke je spaSTatArahita hoya che. te zabdane potAnAM lakhANomAM philasUpho, kalAmImAMsako ne kalAkAro tathA khAnagI vyaktio ne navalakathAkAro ne chApAMmAM vAto lakhI khAnArAo moTA kALA akSarathI lakhyA kare che; ane A pavitra trimUrtinAM nAma uccAratI vakhate te badhA ema mAne che ke, pote jANe amuka taddana cokasa ane saMgIna, evuM kAMIka ke jenA pAyA upara potAnA mato bAMdhI zakAya,- evI vastu viSe bole che. jyAre kharuM jotAM, A zabdono kaze| cokasa artha to nathI ja; balke vartamAna kalAno kazoya cokasa artha karavAmAM teo ApaNane aMtarAya nAMkhe che. temanI jarUra eTalA ja mATe che ke, dareka prakAranI lAgaNI,-- ApaNane te majA ke AnaMda Ape eTale thayuM, tevI lAgaNIne vahana karatI kaLAne je jUThuM mahattva ApaNe ApIe chIe, tene te vAjabI TharAve! soDanI noMdha [A prakaraNane cheDe aMgreja anuvAdaka moDe eka kImatI neAMdha mUkI che te Ama cheH--] TolsToyanI hAthavrata uparathI meM ' kaLA eTale zuM?'ene anuvAda karelA. te jema prakaraNa lakhatA jAya tema mane mAkalatA. A emanI kRti emaNe eTale sudhI pharI pharIne tapAselI ke, keTalAMka prakaraNA to mane meAkalyA bAda traNa traNa vAra navesara lakhAyelAM. A prakaraNanAM pahelAM karelAM lakhANAmAMthI nIcenA bhAga joke chevaTe temaNe pustakamAM nahi lIdhelA, chatAM tene saMgharI rAkhavA jevA lAgatA hovAthI ahIM TIpamAM te ApuM chuM : " baoNmagArTane rajU karelI satya-ziva-suMdaranI A trimUrtine dharmanI trimUrti jeTalI sAcI gaNavAnI TevamAMthI eka vAra ApaNe chUTavAnI jarUra che. ane pachI ApaNI jAtane pUchavuM joIe ke, A traNa zabdothI hameza ApaNe zuM samajIe chIe ? temanA artha ze? te ApaNane khAtarI thai zake ke, traNa tadna judA judA zabdo ane bhAve, ke

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navI kaLAnI trimUrti - 55 jemanA arthomAM koI eka dharaNathI mApIne paNa meLa khavaDAvAya ema nathI, temanuM baneluM e tekhaDuM te kevuM sAva apataraMga che! - sAdhutA, sauMdarya ane satyane ekasamAna kakSAe mUkavAmAM Ave che, ane e traNe bhAvo jANe mUlagata ane bhUtapadArthathI para evA AdhyAtmika hoya ema lekhIne cAlavAmAM Ave che. jyAre kharuM jotAM, evuM muddala nathI. sAdhutA ApaNA jIvanano zAzvata sarvocca hetu che. teno artha ApaNe game te samajIe, chatAM ApaNuM jIvana, sAdhutA eTale ke ziva athavA Izvara, te tarapha javAnA prayatna sivAya bIjuM kAMI nathI. kharekhara, sAdhutA mULabhUta evI AdhyAtmika pratIti che, ke je ApaNA AkhA cetana-vyApAranuM-jIvananuM rahasya che. A pratItinI vyAkhyA buddhi na karI zake. sAdhutAnI vyAkhyA bIjA kazA vaDe na ApI zakAya, paNa te bIjA badhAnI vyAkhyA Ape che. paraMtu, khAlI zabdo nahi, paNa ApaNe zuM samajIe chIe te kahevuM hoya to, sauMdarya e vastu ApaNane majA ke AnaMda ApanAra sivAya bIjuM kAMI nathI. sauMdaryano bhAva sAdhutAnA ziva-bhAva joDe maLato nathI eTaluM ja nahi, paNa tene virodhI che. kema ke, ghaNI vAra sAdhutA iMdriya-vAsanAo paranA jyane maLatI vastu che, jayAre sauMdarya ApaNI badhI vAsanAonA mULamAM rahelI vastu che. eTale, jema jema sauMdaryane vadhu vaza thaIe, tema tema sAdhutAthI ApaNe vadhAre vegaLA jaIe chIe. mane khabara che ke, haMmeza loko Ano evo javAba Ape che ke, naitika ane AdhyAtmika sauMdarya jevI paNa vastu che ne? paNa A to khAlI zabdonI ramata che. kAraNa ke "naitika ne AdhyAtmika sauMdarya eTale sAdhutA vagara bIjAM kAMI nahi. ghaNe bhAge, AtmAnuM sauMdarya eTale ke sAdhutA, sAmAnyapaNe sauMdaryathI je bhAva samajAya che, tenI sAthe maLatI AvatI vastu nathI eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu sAdhutA tenI virodhI che.

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56 kaLA eTale zuM? have satya joIe. kalA-trimUrtinA A sabhyanI sAdhutA joDe ekarUpatA ghaTAvavI, athavA enI kazI svataMtra hastI paNa mAnavI, e to tethIya ochuM saMbhavI zake evI vAta che. satyathI ApaNe ATaluM ja samajIe chIe: -vastutA ke astitva sAthe, athavA darekanA sAmAnya anubhavanI vastu vizenI samaja sAthe, te te vastunA kathana ke varNananI athavA tenI vyAkhyAnI saMgatatA ke meLa hovAM te. tethI, satya e sAdhutAne pahoMcavAnuM sAdhana thayuM. paraMtu eka bAju sauMdarya ane satyanA bhAvo ane bIjI bAju sAdhutAno bhAva - e be bAjune sAmAnya evuM temAM zuM che? khAsa du:kha devA bolAyeluM satya sAdhutA joDe meLa to na ja khAya. sauMdarya ne satyanA bhAvo sAdhutAnA bhAvane samAna nathI eTaluM ja nahi, sAdhutAnI sAthe maLI te be bhAvo eka vastu nathI banatA eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu teo pote arasaparasa maLatApaNuM paNa nathI dharAvatA. dA.ta. saoNkreTIsa, pAskala ane aneka bIjA ema mAnatA ke, nakAmI vastuo vizenuM satya jJAna meLavavuM e sAdhutA joDe meLa nathI khAtuM. sauMdarya sAthe to satyane sAmAnya kazuMya nathI, balka ghaNe bhAge satya tenI sAme che; kema ke, sAmAnya rIte, satya mohane ughADo pADe che ane bhramano nAza kare che, ane A be bAbato to sauMdaryanI mukhya zarata che. have tyAre juo ke kevI gamata che! A traNa bhAvo, ke je paraspara meLa khAya evA saMgata to kyAM, paNa ekabIjAne parAyA che; chatAM, kazA pAyA vagara, temano eka vastu tarIke saMyoga karAya che ane te saMyoga pelA ajaba kalAvAdanA pAyAnuM kAma de che! ke je vAda pramANe, sArI lAgaNI vahana karatI je sArI kaLA ane naThArIne vahana karanArI je naThArI kaLA, e benI vacceno je bheda, te ja sAva nAbUda thAya che, ane kaLAnuM je sudramAM sudra svarUpa eTale ke AnaMda ane majAne mATe kaLA - ke jenI sAme manuSya-jAtanA sarva guruoe tene cetavI che,-te sarvocca kaLA gaNAvA lAgI che !

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kaLAmAM vADAbaMdhI [ lokakaLA vi0 bhadrakaLA ] paraMtu, kaLA jo eka mAnava pravRtti hoya, ane tenuM prayojana e hoya ke, manuSyo je sarvocca ane sarvazreSTha lAgaNI sudhI caDyA hoya temane bIjAone pahoMcADavI, to pachI savAla e UThe che ke, (devaLadharmatatvamAM loko na mAnatA thayA tyAMthI laIne Aja sudhInA) amuka ThIka ThIka lAMbA kALa sudhI, mAnavajAta A mahattvanI pravRttithI vihoNI rahI, balka tene badale mAtra majA ke AnaMda ja ApatI evI najIvI kalApravRttine te sahI rahI,- evuM banI zI rIte zakyuM? A praznano javAba ApavAne pahelI jarUra e che ke, loko cAlu je eka bAbatanI bhUla kare che te sudhAravI joIe. te e ke, potAnI kaLA ja sAcI sArvabhauma rahasyavALI che ema teo mAne che. (ApaNI prajA jagatamAM uttama che ema mAnyA karavAnA bhoLapaNathI *) dareka prajAnA lokane evI Teva paDI gaI che ke, potAnI kaLAnI vAta AvatAM saune pUrI khAtarIthI lAge che ke, amArI kaLA sAcI kaLA che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa te sArvabhauma ane ekamAtra sAcI kaLA che. paraMtu, kharuM jotAM, (jema eka kALe bAibala ja ekamAtra graMtha lekhAto tema) * ahIM mULamAM TolsToye dAkhalA TAMkIne Ama kahyuM che- " sikesicana kuTuMba jagatamAM uttama leka che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa jo ApaNe aMgreja ke amerikana hoIe te eMgle-saikasana prajAne, jarmana hAI e to TayuTenika prajAne, phrenca hoIe to gela-laeNTina prajAne, athavA raziyana hoI e te slAva prajAne, saumAM zreSTha mAnIe chIe, ane te parathI..." 7

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58 kaLA eTale zuM? ApaNI kaLA ekamAtra kaLA nathI eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu AkhA khristI jagatanI paNa te eka nathI; e kaLA to manuSyajAtanA ApaNA (eTale ke yuropa khaMDamAM vasatA) vibhAganA eka nAnA TukaDAnI ja kaLA che. yahUdI, ke grIka, ke misaranI rASTrIya kaLAnI vAta karavI e sAcuM hatuM; athavA atyAre cInI ke jApAnI ke hiMdustAnI kaLA hayAta che ema koI kahevA mAge to kahI zake. AkhI prajAnI eka sarvamAnya kaLA jevI vastu raziyAmAM pahelA pITaranA samaya sudhI hatI; ane 13 mA ke 14 mA saikA sudhI yuropanA bIjA bhAgamAM tevI vastu hatI. paraMtu jyArathI devaLadharmazikSaNamAMthI yuropanA upalA vargonI zraddhA UDI jatAM, tenI jagAe temaNe sAco khristI dharma na svIkAryo, paraMtu koI dharmazraddhA vagaranA ja teo rahyA, tyArathI khristI prajAonI kaLA viSe koI paNa ema na bolI zake ke, te kaLA ja samasta khristI kaLA che. khristI dharmanA upalA vargoe jyArathI devaLadharmamAM zraddhA khoI, tyArathI te upalA vargonI kaLA bAkInA badhA lokanI kaLAthI judI paDI che, pariNAme be kaLAo pravarte che - eka AmaprajAnI lokakaLA ane bIjI upalA vargonI bhadra ke ujaLiyAta kaLA. have pelA zarUnA prazna upara AvIe ke, manuSyajAta, amuka vakhata sudhI, sAcI kaLAnI jagAe mAtra majA ke AnaMda ApavAnuM kAma karatI kaLA svIkArI laI pote sAcI kaLAvihoNI rahI, e banI zI rIte zakayuM? A praznano uttara e che ke, sAcI kaLA vinA rahenAra AkhI mAnavajAta nahotI; are, lekhAmAM levA jevaDo eno bhAga paNa e nahotA; teo te yuropIya khristI samAjanA mAtra upalA vargo ja ekalA hatA, ane teya yuropIya jJAnodayayuganA prAraMbhathI te Aja sudhI,-eTale ke, sarakhAmaNImAM sAva TUMkI mudata mATe ja. sAcI kaLAnA A abhAvanuM pariNAma acUka AvyuM ke, pelI khoTI kaLAthI poSAnAra vargamAM bhraSTatA AvI. buddhimAM na Utare evA kalAvAdono badho goTALo, kvA bAbatanA badhA juThA ne parasparavirodhI nirNayo,

Page #102
kaLAmAM vADAbaMdhI 59 ane khAsa to e ke khoTA mArgomAM jaIne ApaNA kalAjalanuM tyAM nirAMta samajyAthI nIpajeluM baMdhiyArapaNuM- A badhuM eka ja pelA vidhAnamAMthI pariNamyuM che, ane A vidhAna sarvasAmAnya upayogamAM AvyuM che ne nirvivAda satya tarIke te svIkArAya che; paraMtu jenI asatyatA to ajaba ane ughADI paDI che. e vidhAna te e ke, ApaNA upalA vargonI kaLA * ja kalA-samasta che; sAcI, ekamAtra ne sArvabhauma kalA e che. A vidhAna bhinna bhinna saMpradAyonA anuyAyIo potapotAnA dharmane ekamAtra sAco mAne che, ene ja barobara maLatuM che. A vidhAna sAva adhdhariyuM ane anyAyI hovA chatAM, ApaNA maMDaLanA badhA loko, tenI acUkatA ke bhUlathI para hovApaNAmAM pUrNa zraddhA rAkhIne, ThaMDe peTe tene Thokaye jAya che. ApaNI je kaLA che te ja kaLAne nAme badhuM che, te ja ekamAtra ne sAcI che, ane chatAM mAnavajAtano be-tRtIyAMza bhAga (eziyA AphrikAnA badhA loko, ) A ekamAtra ane uttama kaLA viSe kAMI ja jANyA vagara jIvana gALe che ne mare che ! ane ApaNA khristI samAjamAM jene vize ApaNe kalAsamastane dAve bolIe chIe tevI A kaLA bhAge ja eka TakA jeTalA loko bhogave che ! bAkInA 99 TakA to, peDhI dara peDhI majUrIthI kacaDAtA, A kaLAno kadIya svAda cAkhyA vagara ja jIve che ne mare che; ane vaLI A kaLA evA prakAranI che ke, teo tene jo kadI pAmI ke cAkhI zake toya temAMnuM te kAMI ja samaje paNa nahi ! atyAranA cAlu kalAvAda mujaba, kaLA eTale yA to parama bhAva ( Idea) no, Izvarano, sauMdaryane eka sarvocca AviSkAra, athavA to sarvocca AdhyAtmika AnaMda, ema ApaNe mAnIe chIe. * "ahIM je bheda karAyo che te upalA vargo ane Ama prajAnI vacceno che; eTale ke, jeo upajAu zarIramahenatathI potAno roTalo kamAya che te loke, ane je tema nathI karatA te upalA vargo. bacce rahele madhyama varga upalA vargone phaNago manAyo che." maiDa.

Page #103
kaLA eTale zuM? e uparAMta ApaNe mAnae chIe ke, badhA lokone, bhautika nahi toya AdhyAtmika kalyANane mATe te, sarakhA haka che ja. ane chatAM ApaNA yuropanI vastInA 99 TakA, majUrIthI roLAtA, peDhI dara peDhI jIve che ne mare che. ane A emanI majUrIno ghaNo bhAga evI kaLA upajAvavA mATe kharacAto hoya che, ke jeno teo kadI khapa levAnA nathI. ane Ama hovA chatAM, tenI sAme ApaNe ThaMDe peTe dAvo karIe chIe ke, je kaLA ApaNe nipajAvIe chIe te ja kharI, sAcI ane ekamAtra kaLA che - te ja kalA-samasta che ! ApaNI kaLA jo sAcI kaLA hoya, to teno lAbha darekane maLavo joIe. A TIkAno sAmAnya radiyo evo apAya che ke, atyAre je sau koI vartamAna kaLAne mANI nathI zakatA to temAM doSa te kaLAno nathI, paNa khoTA sAmAjika saMgaThanano che; bhaviSyamAM ApaNe evI sthiti AvatI kalpI zakIe chIe, ke jyAre zarIramahenata keTaleka aMze yaMtrothI thaI jatI haze, ane kalotpAdanane mATenI majUrI vArApharatI karAtI haze. eTale ke, (sInarI vagerenA sAjazaNagAra, ke sAMcAkAma mATe raMgabhUminI nIce sadAye beThA rahevuM paDavuM, ke vAjuM ja vagADyA karavuM, ane copaDIonAM bIbAM goThavyA karavAM ne te chApyA karavAM, vagere jevI) kalotpAdananI majUrI mATe amuka ja loke hameza vaitaruM karavAnI jarUra nahi rahe, paraMtu A kAma karatA lokone roja thoDAka ja kalAka temAM rokavAmAM Avaze ane pachI potAnI navarAzanA samayamAM teo kalAnI badhI majA mANI zakaze. ApaNI AgavI ekadezI kaLAno bacAva karanArAe Ama kahe che. paNa mane lAge che ke, te jAte ja potAnuM e kahevuM mAnatA nathI. teo ATaluM to jANyA vagara na rahI zake ke, lalita kaLA Ama janatAnI gulAmInA pAyA upara ja UpajI zake ane te gulAmI nabhe tyAM sudhI ja te cAlI zake. ane teo e paNa jANyA vinA na rahI zake ke, kAmadAronI kaDI mahenata-majUrInI paristhitimAM ja lekhako -

Page #104
kaLAmAM vADAbaMdhI gAyakavAdako-nRtyakAro-ne-naTo jevA khAsa tadvido, je hade potAnI AvaDatanI pUrNatA meLave che, te hade jaI zake ane e ja gulAmInI paristhiti hoya to evI lalita kaLAone kadaranAro lalita samudAya saMbhavI zake. mUDInA gulAmone mukta karo tenI sAthe ja AvuM lalita kalotpAdana azakaya thaI jaze. paraMtu na kabUlI zakAya teya ApaNe kabUlI laIe ke, jene ApaNe kaLA gaNIe chIe tevI kaLA, mAno ke, badhA lokane mANavA maLe evAM sAdhana yojavAmAM Ave; chatAM, tyAM eka bIjI hakIkatano vicAra sAme Ave che, je ema batAve che ke, "phezanebala' kaLA e saunI kalA-samasta na hoI zake, A kaLA AmaprajAne na samajAya evI-agamya che. AnuM zuM? pahelAM loko laeNTinamAM kAvyo lakhatA; paraMtu navA kalAkAronI kalAkRtio* AmaprajAne evI to agamya che ke jANe te saMskRtamAM lakhAI hoya ! Ano sAmAnya radiyo evo apAya che ke, loko jo ApaNI kaLA nathI samajatA to enAthI to ema siddha thAya che ke, loko eTalA vikaselA ja nathI; ane kaLA jyAre AgaLa navuM pagaluM bhare che tyAre dareka vakhate Ama ja banyuM che. zarUmAM te kadI nathI samajAtuM; paNa pachIthI loko tenAthI TevAtA jAya che. ApaNI vartamAna kaLA vize paNa ema ja banaze; te kaLAne utpanna karanArA ama upalA vargonA loko jeTalo jyAre dareka jaNa keLavAze, tyAre tene e badhuM samajAze. ApaNI kaLAne bacAva karanArA loko A pramANe javAba Ape che. ema kahe che ke, lakhAya che te dezanI svabhASAmAM; paraMtu te evI rIte lakhAya che ke jANe saMskRtamAM hoya - eTale ke laeNTinathIca DagaluM vadhIne agamyatAmAM jatI hoya ! ma.

Page #105
kaLA eTale zuM? paraMtu A vidhAna to pelA pahelA vidhAna karatAMya vadhAre asatya che; kAraNa ke ApaNe jANIe chIe ke, upalA vargonI ghaNIkharI kalAkRtio (jevI ke, bhAta bhAtanAM ' eDa ' kAvyo, nATako, gAyanA, pastorals, citrA vagere), ke je janmI tyAre te vargonA lokone AnaMda ApatI hatI, te badhI pAchaLathI mAnavajAtanA meTA jana-samudAyane kadI nathI samajAI ke nathI kImatI lAgI, paraMtu zarUmAM hatI tevI ja, te kALanA paisAdAra lokonA mAtra ramUjI khela jevI ja rahI che. ane jo kadI paNa temanuM kAMIkeya mahattva hatuM, te te pelA upalA vargone mATe ja hatuM. ra lAko ApaNI kaLA koka divasa samajatA thaze, e vidhAnanI sAbitImAM ema paNa ghaNI vAra kahevAmAM Ave che ke, kahevAtI 'kalAsikala ' kavitA, saMgIta ke citraNanI keTalIka kRtio, je Ama-janatAne prathama nahotI gamatI, te pachI temane cAre bAjuthI dharavAmAM AvatAM, e ja Ama-janatAne gamavA lAge che. paNa A to eTaluM ja batAve che ke, ToLA jevA samUhane, ane khAsa karIne ardha-bagaDelA zaherI ToLAne, tenI rucine vikRta karyA bAda, game te jAtanI kaLAnI Teva pADI zakAya. vaLI, A kaLA AmalAko utpanna karatA nathI, ke nathI teone te gamatI paNa; paraMtu je jAhera sthAnAmAM temane kaLA mANavA maLI zake che, tyAM badhe A ja kaLA temanA upara jhAMsavAmAM Ave che. mahenatamajUrI karanAra lokonA moTA bhAgane A kaLA mAMghI paDavAthI durlabha hovA uparAMta temane te ati vicitra jAtanI lAge che; kema ke mAnavajAtanA meATA samUhane svAbhAvika evI je zrAmajIvananI paristhati, tenAthI kayAMya vegaLA evA lokonI lAgaNIone te kaLA vahe che. dhanika vargAnA mANasane jemAM majA paDe, temAM eka majUriyAta mANasane jarAye AnaMda jevuM nathI lAgatuM; ane te enAmAM yA to kazI ja lAgaNI nathI jagavatuM, athavA jo jagave che to eka ALasu ane ativRSTa mANasamAM jevI jagave tethI taddana UlaTI ja. kaI lAgaNI Adhunika kaLAnA mukhya

Page #106
kaLAmAM vADAbaMdhI 63 viSayA bane che? dA. ta. svamAna, dezaprema, ane kAmopabhAga. A lAgaNI eka mahenatu majUriyAta mANasamAM mAtra mUMjhavaNa ane dhikkAra ke krodha jagave che. tethI majUriyAta vargone, temanI navarAzanA vakhatamAM, AjanI kaLAnA kaLazarUpa gaNAtuM badhuM jovA vAMcavA ke sAMbhaLavAnI taka ApavAmAM Ave, (ke jevuM keTaleka aMze citrazALA, jAhera jalasA ane pustakAlayo mAraphate zaheromAM thAya che,) tema chatAM (jeTale aMze te mANasa majUra che ane ALasathI vikRta thayelA lokonI jamAtamAM saravAnuM teNe zarU nathI karyuM, teTale aMze,) te majUra mANasa ApaNI lita kaLAnuM kAMI nahi pAmI zake; ane jo kadI tene samajaze ja, teAya te evuM haze ke je tenA AtmAne unnata nahi kare, paNa cAkkasa ghaNAkharAne te bhraSTa ke vikRta ja karaze. tethI karIne, vicAravaMta ane pramANika lokone jarAya zaMkA na hoI zake ke, ApaNA upalA vargAnI kaLA kadI AkhI prajAnI kaLA na thaI zake. paraMtu, jo kaLA eka mahattvanI vastu hoya, ane kalA-bhakto hoMzathI kahyA kare che tema, dharma peThe manuSyane eka AdhyAtmika AziSarUpa hoI, badhAM manuSyone mATe te Avazyaka hAya, te te darekane sulabha hAvI joIe. ane AjanI jema jo te badhAne sulabha na hAya, te tenA vaDe bemAMthI eka vAta siddha thAya che ke, yA teA kaLAne jevI mahattvanI vastu kahevAmAM Ave che evI mahattvanI vastu te che ja nahi, athavA jene ApaNe kaLA kahIe chIe te sAcI kaLA nathI. A koyaDA anivArya che, ane tethI khaMdhA ane anItimAna leAko tenI eka bAjune inkAra karIne tene evI rIte TALavAne prayatna kare che ke, sAmAnya prajAne kaLAnA haka che e ja ame svIkAratA nathI. 66 * svamAna eTale zuM te samajAvavA moDe nIce A TIpa mUkI cheH A lakhAyuM tyAre, curApanA khInna dezeA peThe raziyAmAM upalA vargomAM dvayuddha khelavAno rivAja hateA."

Page #107
kaLA eTale zuM? A loko hiMmatabhera ane sApha e kahI nAMkhe che, ane jaNAve che (ke je A bAbatanA hArdamAM jaI pahoMce che) ke, ame jene ati suMdara kaLA gaNIe chIe, (eTale ke, vadhumAM vadhu majA ke AnaMda ApatI kaLA) temAM bhAga lenArA ne tene mANanArA loko mAtra cunaMdA (kalAnA lAla) ja hoI zake.* bAkI rahetA prAkRta lokonuM ToLuM, ke je A majA mANavA azakta che, teNe to umadA khAnadAnanA A cunaMdA lokonI udAtta majA sAru vaitaruM karavuM joIe. AvA vicAro vyakta karatA loko - kAMI nahi to - DhoMga to nathI ja karatA, ane je bhegAM maLI ja na zake evAM che temane meLavavA to teo nathI maLatA, paNa bAbata zI che te sApha kahI nAkhe che ke, amArI kaLA mAtra upalA vargonI ja kaLA che. ane kharuM jotAM, ApaNA samAjamAM kalotpAdanamAM rokAyela dareka jaNa kaLAne ema ja samajo che ane samaje che. * TaoNlsTaoNya ahIM kahe che ke, " "remaeNTika" vAdIo AvA cunaMdA lakane schone Geister kahe che, ane nizenA anuyAyIo temane Ueber menschen kahe che." -ma.

Page #108
navI kaLAnuM vastu-dAridra yuropanA upalA vargonI azraddhAnuM pariNAma evuM AvyuM ke, (dharmapratItimAMthI jharatI) je sarvocca lAgaNI ke bhAvanAoe mAnavajAta pahoMcI hoya, temanuM vahana karavAnA hetuvALI kalA-pravRttine badale, ApaNane evI pravRtti sAMpaDI - ke jeno hetu samAjanA amuka vargane vadhAremAM vadhAre majA ke AnaMda ApavAno che. ane kalAnA vizALa pradezamAMthI je bhAga A khAsa maMDaLanA lokane majA ke AnaMda pUro pADe che, te bhAganI cotarapha vADa karI tene alaga AMtarI levAmAM Avyo che, ane tene ekalAne ja kaLA kahevAmAM Ave che. kaLAnA AkhA pradezamAMthI, kaLA tarIke aMkAvA nAlAyaka evA bhAganI A prakAre pasaMdagI thaI ane tenuM mahattva svIkArAyuM, tenAthI yuropIya samAja para thayelI naitika asara to alaga rahI; paraMtu kalAnI A vikRtie kalAvastune ja nabaLI karI che ane lagabhaga teno nAza karyo che. paheluM moTuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke, kaLAne chAjato tene je apAra vividha ane UMDo evo dhArmika vastu-viSaya, tene kaLA khoI beThI. bIjuM pariNAma e AvyuM ke, janatAnuM eka nAnuM maMDaLa ja najaramAM rahevAthI, kaLAnI AkAra-suMdaratA gaI ane te veLI ane agamya banI gaI. ane trIjuM tathA mukhya pariNAma e AvyuM ke, te svAbhAvika ne prAmANika ke satyaniSTha ("sincere') thatI paNa baMdha thaI ane taddana kRtrima ane kilaTa magajamArI ke mAnasika pIMjaNarUpa ja banI. kalAnA vastu-viSyamAM dAridya ke kaMgAlapaNAnuM paheluM pariNAma AvyuM te e kAraNe ke, sAcI kalAkRti ene ja kahevAya ke je agAu manuSya nahi ka-5

Page #109
$$ kaLA eTale zuM ? anubhavelI evI navI lAgaNIo vahana kare. jema buddhi ke vicAranI kRti tyAre sAcI kahevAya ke jyAre te navA bhAvo ne navA vicAro Ape, ane nahi ke agAu jANelAone pharI pharI kahyA kare; te ja pramANe kalAnI kRti tyAre ja kharI kahevAya, ke jyAre te mAnava jIvanapravAhamAM (game tevI najIvI chatAM) navI lAgaNI ke Urmi ANe. A uparathI samajAya che ke, bALako ane yuvakoe pUrve nahi anubhavelI lAgaNIone je kalAkRtio temane pahoMcADe che, te zAthI karIne eTalI badhI saMgIna asara temanA upara kare che. evI jabarI asara, taddana navI ane pahelAM mANase kadI nahi vyakta karelI evI lAgaNIothI, loko upara paNa thAya che. AvI lAgaNIono jharo dharmapratIti ja che. paraMtu upalA varganA loko lAgaNIone tene AdhAre nahi, paraMtu teo jeTalI majA ke AnaMda Ape te pramANamAM temane nANatA thayA. eTale pelI sAcI lAgaNIono mULa jharo ja teo khoI beThA che. mAnava anubhavamAM majA ke sukhabhoganA karatAM vadhAre jUnuM ke vadhAre khAIbadAyeluM bIjuM kazuM ja nathI; ane dareka yuganA potAnA dharmabhAnamAMthI jharatI lAgaNIo karatAM kazuM ja vadhAre tAjuM ke navIna nathI hotuM. ane A bAbatamAM bIjuM hoI paNa na zake: manuSyanI majA ke sukhabhoganI vRttine, kudarate AMkelI maryAdAo che; paraMtu mAnavajAtanI AgaLa pragati,- ke je tenA dharmabhAnarUpe vyakta thAya che,- tene kazI hada nathI. mAnavajAte AgaLa bharelA dareka pagalA vakhate, - ane AvI AgekUca tenI dharmapratItimAM vadhAre spaSTatA ne samaja AvavAne pariNAme thayelI che, manuSyo tAjI ane navIna lAgaNIo anubhave che. ane tethI karIne amuka yuganA loko jIvana viSenI samaja ke dRSTinI je sarvocca kakSAe pahoMcyA hoya, tene batAvanArI evI je temanI dharmapratIti, tenA pAyA upara ja, mANase agAu kadI hi anubhavelI evI, navI, tAjI Urmi UThI zake che. prAcIna grIkonI dharmapratItimAMthI, homara ane ' TrejeDI 'nA

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navI kaLAnuM vastu-dAridra 67 lekhakoe vyakta karelI kharekhara navI, mahattvapUrNa ane apAra vaividhyabharI lAgaNIo jharI hatI. evuM ja yahUdI prajAmAM paNa thayuM hatuM. temanA pegaMbaroe vyakta karelI pelI navI ane mahattvapUrNa lAgaNIo ekezvaravAdanA emanA dharmasAkSAtkAramAMthI nIkaLI hatI. tema ja madhyayuganA kavionuM paNa hatuM, ke jeo svargIya devaparaMparA ("hAyarAka")mAM mAnavAnI sAthe kaeNthalika dharmasaMghamAM paNa mAnatA hatA. ane sAcA khristI dharmano je mAnavabaMdhutAno dharmasiddhAMta che, tene samajelA AjanA manuSyane mATe paNa e niyama lAgu paDe che. dharmapratItimAMthI jharatI tAjI UrmionuM vaividhya apAra che; ane te badhI navIna hoya che, kema ke dharmapratIti eTale potAnI AsapAsanI sRSTi sAthe manuSyanA navA saMbaMdharUpI eka navIna vastunA janmanuM sUcana; e sivAya dharmapratItino bIjo kazo artha nathI. paraMtu majA ke AnaMdanI vAsanAmAMthI jharatI Urmio to UlaTI maryAdita hoya che eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu te lAMbA vakhatathI anubhavelI ane vyakta thayelI hoya che. ane tethI yuropanA upalA vargonI azraddhAe temane kaMgALamAM kaMgALa vastuviSaya para nabhatI kaLAvALA ja rAkhyA che. upalA vargonI kaLAnA vastuviSayanA dArighamAM vaLI vadhAro thayo te e hakIkatathI ke, dharmabhAvanAvALI maTavAthI te kaLA lokapriya thatI paNa aTakI; ane AthI paNa teNe vahavAnI lAgaNIonuM kSetra ghaTayuM. kAraNa ke, sattAdhArI ane dhanika lokone jIvananirvAha mATenI majUrIno anubhava nathI hoto, eTale temanA anubhavamAM AvatI Urmiono vistAra, majUriyAta lokonI UrmionA vistAra karatAM, vadhAre kaMgALa, vadhAre maryAdita, ane vadhAre najIvo ke kSullaka hoya che. ApaNA maMDaLanA loko ne kalAmImAMsako sAmAnya rIte AthI UlaTuM ja mAne che ne kahe che. gaoNncareva nAme lekhaka eka bhAre hoziyAra ne bhaNelo mANasa che, paNa pUro zaherI ane kalAmImAMsaka che. teNe kahelI eka vAta mane ahIM yAda Ave che. te kahe ke, TarjInevanI

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69 kaLA eTale zuM? ' spaoNmaeNnsa noTabuka cApaDI pachI, kheDu-jIvanamAM lakhavA jevuM kAMI ja bAkI rahyuM nathI; teNe emAM badhI sAmagrI vAparI kADhI che. tene zramajIvI leAkonuM jIvana evuM sAduM lAgyuM ke, TarjenevanI pelI kheDUtajIvananI vArtAe te jIvanamAM varNavavA jevuM badhuM ja pUruM karI nAMkhyuM! premanA kissA ane pAtA viSe asaMtoSavALuM, ApaNA dhanI lAkonuM jIvana tene akhUTa vastuviSayathI bharapUra lAgyuM ! eka nAyake tenI priyAne hatheLImAM cuMbana karyuM, bIjAe tenI koNI upara, ane trIjAe vaLI trIje kayAMka! eka jaNa ALasathI asaMtaSI banyo che, bIjo ethI karIne ke leAka tene cAhatA nathI! chatAM gaoNncaravane lAgatuM ke, A kSetramAM vividhatAne pAra nathI ! zramajIvI leAkanuM jIvana kalA mATe vastu-viSayamAM kaMgALa che, paraMtu ApaNa aLasu lAkanuM jIvana rasathI bharapUra che!--AvA A mata ApaNA samAjamAM anekAneka leAkonA che. eka DrAmajIvI mANasanuM jIvana eTale ke tenA zramanAM pAra vinAnAM vividha rUpe, ane dariyAmAM ne jamIna nIcenI majUrInAM jokhamA, ( kAmane aMge) tenAM sthAnAMtaro, ane tenA zeTho mukAdame ke nirIkSako ane sAthI joDene tathA bIjA dharmanA ne bIjI prajAonA loko joDenA samAgama ne vahevAra; kudarata ane rAnI pazu sAthenI enI mathAmaNo, ane pALelAM pazu sAthene sahacAra; jaMgalamAM, (carA ke bIDanI) sapATa jamIna upara, khetaramAM, bAgamAM, vADImAM karAtuM tenuM kAma; patnI ane bALako joDenA enA vyavahAra--peAtAnAM priya svajana tarIke ja nahi, paNa jarUra paDaye kAma denAra evAM sAthI ane madadanIza tarIkenA emanI joDenA vyavahAra; khAlI dekhADA ke carcAnA viSayA tarIke nahi ( jevA ke upalA vargomAM hAya che), paNa potAnA ne kuTuMbanA jIvananA saLagatA prazno tarIke badhA Arthika praznomAM zramajIvIne hAtI levAdevA; AtmavilApana ane bIjAnI sevA karavAmAM tene garva; AhAravihAranI enI meAjamajAe; ane A badhA rasika bhAvAmAM rahetI enI dharmamaya jIvanadRSTinI tAMta sabharatA - eka zramajIvI -

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navI kaLAnuM vastu-dAridra jIvananA AvA badhA rasothI vaMcita ane kazIya dharmapratIti vagaranA ApaNa lokone mana, ApaNA jIvananA pelA zudra AnaMdo ane najIvI ciMtAonI tulanAmAM, A badhAM kaMTALiyAM ane ekadhArAM nIrasa lAge che! ane ApaNuM jIvana eTale zrama ke utpatti karanAruM nahi, paraMtu ApaNe mATe bIjAoe pedA karelA mAlane uDAvanAruM ane nAza karanAruM jIvana. evA jIvanavALA ApaNe ema mAnIe chIe ke, ApaNA samayanA ane ApaNA varganA loka je lAgaNI anubhave che, te bahu mahattvanI ane vaividhyapUrNa che. paraMtu, kharuM jotAM, ApaNA varganA lokanI lagabhaga badhI ja lAgaNIo, ati najIvI ne sAdI evI, mAtra traNa ja lAgaNIomAM samAI jAya che garva, kAmavAsanA, ane jIvana viSe thAka ane kaMTALo. e traNamAMthI phUTatA phaNagA sAthe, A traNa lAgaNIo dhanika vargonI kaLAno lagabhaga ekamAtra vastu-viSaya bane che. zarUmAM jyAre upalA vargonI AgavI vADAbaMdhIvALI kaLA sArvabhauma lokakaLAthI chUTI paDI, tyAre eno mukhya vastu-viSaya garvabhAva ke varganuM abhimAna hato. A samaya eTale yuropIya jJAnodaya ane tyAra pachIno, ke jyAre kalAkRtiono mukhya viSaya popo, rAjAo ane moTA umarAvo (DaNUka) jevA samartha lokonI stuti ke guNagAna karavAno hato. te lokonA mAnamAM gIto ne rAsa-garabA, pavADA ane stotro racAtAM; temanAM citro dorAtAM ne bAvalAM kotarAtAM. ema aneka raste temanI khuzAmata thatI. pachI e kaLAmAM kAmavAsanAnuM tattva vadhu ne vadhu pesavA lAgyuM; ane, (sAva thoDA apavAda javA do, ane nATako tathA navalomAM to nirapavAda) have te vAsanA dhanika vargonA dareka jAtanA kalotpAdananuM Avazyaka lakSaNa banyuM che. ane dhanika kaLAnI trIjI lAgaNI, eTale ke, mAnavajIvanamAM asaMtoSa ke atRptinI lAgaNI, te tenIya pachI arvAcIna kaLAmAM dekhAI. cAlu (eTale ke 19mA) saikAnI zarUAtamAM A lAgaNI mAtra bAyarana, lipADa, ane pachIthI hIna -e thoDAka (apavAda jevA) asAmAnya

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kaLA eTale zuM? hatI; paNa pachIthI te ephezanebala thaI lokoya tene vyakta karatA kRtione nIce pramANe (temAM) jIvanathI thAkelA 70 mANasAe ja vyakta karI paDI che, ane ati sAmAnya ne khAlI nakAmA thayA che. phrenca vivecaka DumIka navA lekhakonI varNave che, te ati yogya che. te kahe che. " pAchuM ane kaMTALo che; vartamAna yugane mATe dhikkAranI lAgaNI che; kaLAnAM mAyAcakSuthI joyelA bIjA yugane mATe kheda che; samasyA ke pratispardhI dvaMdro mATe casako che; asAmAnya ke nirALA dekhAvAnI icchA che; sAdAI mATe lAgaNiyALI jhaMkhanA che; adbhuta mATe bAliza AdarabhAva che; divAsvapnamAM rAcavA tarapha rogiSTha valaNa che; jJAnataMtuonI chinna bhinna dazA che; ane e badhAthI caDiyAtuM evuM to e ke, iMdriyasukha ke bhogavilAsa mATe uttejita thayelI mAga che. " * ane, kharuM jotAM, A traNa lAgaNIomAMnI je halakAmAM halakI lAgaNI iMdriyasukha che, ( ke je badhA mANasone ja nahi, paNa badhAM pazuoneya sulabha che), te to arvAcIna kalAkRtiono mukhya vastu-viSaya banI che. ... baoNkeziyothI mAMDIne mArsela provosTa sudhI, badhAM navalo, kAvyo ane gIto, aneka prakAre, acUka strIpuruSapremanI lAgaNI ja vyakta kare che. badhI navalomAM vyabhicAra temanuM priya ja nahi, lagabhaga ekamAtra vastu hoya che. koka ne koka bahAne jo ughADAM hAtha-paga-ne-chAtI-gaLAvALI strI na Ave, te te nATayaprayoga nATayaprayoga nahi. gIto ane premazauryanI kathAo - badhAM ja jude jude aMze AdarzarUpa karelI kAmavAsanAnA ja AviSkAro hoya che. phrenca citrakAronA moTA bhAganAM citro judAM judAM rUpe strInI nagnatA batAve che. tAjetaranA phrenca sAhityamAM bhAgye ja evuM pAnuM ke kAvya haze, ke jemAM nagnatA nahIM varNavAI hoya, ane prastuta ke aprastuta rIte, temano priya vicAra ane zabda nu (nagna athavA * Les Jeunes pustakamAMthI.

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navI keLanuM vastudAridra 71 ughADuM) be vAra nahi kahyo hoya. remI-da-gurbhATa nAme eka phrenca lekhaka che; tenI copaDIo chapAya che, ne te hoziyAra manAya che. navalekhako vize khyAla meLavavA mATe meM tenI Les Chevaux de Diomede nAmanI navalakathA vAMcI. eka sadagRhasthano aneka strIonI sAthe viSaya-saMbaMdha thayAnI kramabaddha ane vigatavAra vAta emAM Ave che. dareka pAne kAmoddIpaka varNano hoya che. tema ja piyarI loInI 'Aphrodite' nAmanI saphaLatA pAmelI copaDInuMya che; ane huIspenanI 'Certains' copaDI hamaNAM mAre hAtha caDI teya e ja jAtanI che; ane jUjAja apavAda jatAM, badhI phrenca navalomAM A ja dazA jovA maLe che. A badhI kRtio evA lokonI che, ke jeo kAmavAsanAnuM viSa caDatAM gAMDA banelA che. ane e lokonI AvI cokhkhI rogI manodazAne laIne, temanuM AkhuM jIvana aneka kamakamATIbharI kAmI galIcatAone malAvavAmAM ja ekAgra bane che te parathI emane khAtarIbaMdha ema ja lAgatuM dekhAya che ke, jANe AkhA jagatanuM jIvana paNa e ja rIte ekAgra baneluM che. ane kAmaviSanA gAMDapaNathI pIDAtA A lokone yuropa amerikAnuM AkhuM kalAjagata anusare che ! Ama tyAre, dhanika vargonA zraddhAnA abhAvathI ane jIvananI temanI khAsa apavAdarUpa paddhatine lIdhe, te vargonI kaLA vastu-viSayamAM daridra ke kaMgALa banI; ane garva, jIvanamAM avRpti, tathA sauthI khAsa to kAma-vAsanA, - e lAgaNIone vyakta karavAnI avadazAe UtarI gai.

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10 navI kaLAnI agamyatA upalA vargonI azraddhAne laIne temanI kaLA vastu-viSayamAM kaMgALa banI. paraMtu e uparAMta te vadhAre ne vadhAre AgavI ane ekavargI ja banatI javAthI, tenI sAthosAtha te vadhu ne vadhu gUMcavAyelI, DoLI, ane aspaSTa tathA durgama banatI gaI. (keTalAka grIka kalAkAro ke yahUdI pegaMbaronA jevo) koI sArvabhauma kalAkAra potAnI kRti race, to kudaratI rIte te potAne kahevAnuM evI rIte kahevA mathe, ke jethI tenI kRti saune samajAya. paraMtu kaLAkAra jyAre koI asAmAnya paristhitivALA nAnA maMDaLanA lokane mATe, athavA to popa, kArDinalo, rAjAo, amIro, umarAvo, rANIo, ke rAjAnI rakhAto jevI eka ja vyakti ke temanA darabArIo ke DAyarAvALAone mATe potAnI kRti racato thayo, tyAre svAbhAvika rIte te A ja lokone asara karavAno irAdo rAkhato thayo; kema ke, te e lokone sArI peThe oLakhe ane temanI khAsa paristhiti paNa te barobara jANe. eTale e kAma tulanAmAM ene saheluM paNa hatuM. ane potAne rajU karavAnI vastu te evA ullekho ke sUcano dvArA vyakta karavA anicchAe taNAI jato, ke je badhAM temAM praveza pAmelA lokone ja samajAya ane bAkInA koIne nahIM. A rItamAM paheluM to e phAve ke, tenAthI TUMkAmAM vadhAre kahI zakAya; ane bIjuM e ke, AvI rIte vyakta karavAnI paddhatimAM je saMdigdhatA ke aspaSTatA hoya che temAM, pelA (upara kahelA jIvana-prakAramAM) praveza pAmelA lokone eka prakAranI majedAra AkarSakatA lAge che. A paddhatimAM zailI DALI ane bhArekhama bane che, 72

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navI kaLAnI agatyatA 73 ane purANakathAo tathA itihAsanA ullekhonAM sUcanAthI te kAma kare che. evI A paddhati uttarottara vadhAre ne vadhAre vaparAvA lAgI, ane jene (yuropanI kalAmImAMsAmAM) "DikeDeTa' kaLA kahevAya che, tenI chellI hade pahoMcI. ane have eno aMjAma e Avyo che ke, acokasatA, gUDhatA, aspaSTatA ke durgamatA, ane (Ama-lokane vegaLA rAkhatI) ekadezitA ke aLagAI- A vastuone kAvyakalAnA eka guNa ke jarUrI zaratanI padavIe caDAvI devAmAM AvI che eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu azuddhi, anizcaya, ane bhASAchaTAnI UNapane paNa Adara maLe che!* Ama, aspaSTatA ke durgamatAne navA kavioe eka siddhAMta-pade ThavI che. phrenca vivecaka Dumika (ke je A siddhAMtane hajI svIkAratA nathI,) te taddana sAcuM kahe che ke, "A prakhyAta "durgamatA-vAda' ke jene navI (kAvya) zAkhAe lagabhaga siddhAMtapada ja ApyuM che, tene have ThekANe pADavAno vakhata Ave to sAruM." ane ekalA phrenca lekhako ja Ama kare che evuM nathI, jarmanI, svIDana, naoNrve, iTAlI, raziyA ne iMgleMDa e bIjA badhA dezanA kavioya ema ja mAne che. ane e pramANe citraNa, zilpa, saMgIta vagere badhI kalA-zAkhAonA navA jamAnAnA kalAkAro kare che. nirlsa ane vaiznara upara AdhAra rAkhI, navA jamAnAnA kalAkAro evA vicAre pahoMce che ke, aziSTa ke grAmya evA Ama-ToLAne gamya thavAnuM ApaNe mATe jarUrI nathI; (eka aMgreja kalAmImAMsakano A zabda che ke,) " uttamottama ucheranA' lokamAM ApaNe kAvyomi jagAvIe eTale basa. durgamatA-vAdanI A hilacAlanA nAyako phrenca kavio che. meM upara kareluM vidhAna khAlI kahI nAMkhyuM che, ema na lAge te sAru, huM temAMthI kAMI nahi to thoDAkanI kRtionA dAkhalA TAMkuM chuM. joke emanI * A pachI TaoNlsTaoNya jANItA ca kavionA dAkhalA TAMke che. temAM te baoNDalaeNra, varlena, mAlAme e traNanAM nAma Ape che, ne temanA mata paNa zA hatA te TAMkI purAvo Ape che. e bhAga ahIM cheDI dIdhuM che. -ma.

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74 kaLA eTale zuM? nAmAvalI te thokabaMdha che. ane temAM meM phrenca nAme eTalA mATe lIdhAM che ke, teo cokkasapaNe bIjAonA karatAM A navA klApravAhanI dizA batAvanArA che ane ghaNAkharA yuropIya lekhako emane anusare che. . . .* bIjA kavionA dAkhalA TAMkatA pahelAM, mAre thobhIne e jovuM joIe ke, hAlamAM mahAna kavi tarIke svIkArAyelA A be padyalekhakobaoNDalaeNra ane varlena - ATalI badhI adbhuta khyAti kema pAmyA! phrencanI pAse ceniyara, museTa, laeNmarjhAIna, ane badhAmAM khAsa to vikaTara hyugo jevA kavio hatA; te uparAMta paNa tAjetaramAM thayelA bIjA che, A chatAM A be jaNane phrenca lokoe ATaluM badhuM mahattva zuM kAma ApyuM, e mane samajAtuM nathI. te benAM kAvyonuM bAhya rUpa juo to kuzaLatAthI te kayAMya vegaLuM che, ane temane vastu-viSaya juo to bhAre niMdya ane sAmAnya koTino ja che; chatAM temanI khyAti zAthI? bemAMnA eka, baoNDalaeNranI jIvanaviSayaka samaja e hatI ke, naryA jaDa ahaMbhAvane eka siddhAMtapade caDAvI mUko ane nItimattAne sthAne sauMdaryanI - khAsa karIne kalAkIya sauMdaryanI - aspaSTa kalpanAne mUkavI. baoNDalaeNrane strInA kudaratI raMganA caherA karatAM kRtrima raMgelo vadhAre pasaMda paDato; ane sAcAM jhADa tathA pANIne badale dhAtunAM jhADa ane kRtrima pANInA nATakI dekhAva vadhAre gamatA; ane A vAta teNe ja kahI che. bIjo padyalekhaka varlena; tenI jIvanasamajamAM nabaLuM vaMThelapaNuM, naitika kAyaratAnI kabUlAta, ane e kAyaratAnA utAra tarIke narI jaDamAM jaDa kaeNthalika mUrtipUjAno devaLadharma - A badhuM hatuM. e uparAMta, te beu jaNamAM sahajatA, prAmANikatA ane ane sAdAIno sAva abhAva * upara kahI gayelA traNa uparAMta bIjA aneka pheMca kavinAM nAme tathA prastuta carcA mATenA namUnA A pachI TesTaoNya Ape che. te ahIM choDavA che. vAcaka gujarAtI kAvyamAMthI A ghoraNe dAkhalA vicAraze to tevA nahi maLe ema nathI lAgatuM. -ma.

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navI kaLAnI agatsyatA 75 kRtrimatA, maulikatAnI dRSTie jotAM kilaSTatA, ane hatA; balke te ahaMtAthI UbharAtA hatA. tethI karIne, emanI ochAmAMochI kharAba kRti jue te temAM te jemane varNavatA hoya temanA karatAM mi. baoNDaoNra ane mi. valenanI jAta viSe vadhAre jovA jANavAnuM vAcakane maLe ! chatAM, AvA mahattva vagaranA A be padyalekhako eka kAvyazAkhA sthApe che ane potAnA seMkaDo anuyAyI dharAve che ! A hakIkatanI samajUtI eka ja che : te e ke, je samAjamAM A be padyalekhako thayA, tene mana kaLA e jIvananA eka gaMbhIra, mahattvane viSaya nathI; e te tene mAtra majA ke AnaMda ja lAge che. ane majA ke AnaMdamAtranuM lakSaNa che ke, ene vAraMvAra anubhavIe to te kaMTALArUpa banI jAya che. ane ema kaMTALArUpa banelI majAne pharI pAchI sahya banAvavI hAya, to tene tAjI karavAnA kAMIka rasto zodhavo joIe. jema ke, gaMjIphe khelatA hoIe temAM sarabAjIthI thAkIe to kATesara ramIe ne te thakave to jhabbo. ne jhabbo kaMTALo Ape to bijIka, ne brija vagere. ema eka pachI bIjI navInatA zodhAya che, ne gaMjIpho cAlyA kare che. AmAM mULa vastu e ne e ja rahe che; mAtra tenuM bAhya rUpa badalAyA kare che. A navI jAtanI kaLAnuM paNa Ama ja che: upalA varganI kaLAnAM vastu-viSaya uttarottara saMkucita ne kaMgALa thatAM cAlyAM, ane emAMthI chevaTe te kaLA e dazAe pahoMcI che ke, A khAsa varganA kalAkArone lAge che ke, kahevA jevuM badhuM kahevAI cUkayuM che ane navuM kahevAnuM maLavuM e have azakaya che. ane tethI A kaLAne tAjI karavAne mATe teo navAM bAhya rUpo khoLe che. boDaoNra ane valena AvuM eka navuM rUpa zeAdhe che; te uparAMta, atyAra sudhI kaLAmAM nahi vaparAyelI evI bIbhatsa azlIlatAnI vigatA *ahIM pattAMnI yuropIya ramatanAM nAmane badalI lIdhAM che, tethI kahevAnI vastumAM kaze! phera nathI thatA.

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kaLA eTale zuM? dvArA tene teo polIza karI Ape che, ane pachI vivecako ane upalA varganA loko emane mahAna lekhako tarIke AvakAra Ape che. baoNDalaeNra ane varlena ja nahi, paNa "DikeDanTa 'kaLAzAkhAnA badhAnI saphaLatAnI A ja eka mAtra cAvIrUpa samajUtI che. . . .* ghaNA mAne che ke, " DikeDanTa "-kaLAyuga eka akasmAta ane AgaMtuka ghaTanA ja che. paraMtu e mAnyatA barobara nathI. e samajavA, ane kaLAnI vartamAna dazA zI che teno spaSTa khyAla karavA mATe, vAcakane mArI vinaMtI che ke, pariziSTamAM *huM je jANItA ne AdarapAtra thayelA thoDA yuvAna kaviomAMthI dAkhalo ApuM chuM, te vAMcavA tasdI le. temanAM kharAba ja kAvyo meM pasaMda karyA evo AkSepa TALavAne mATe meM temanA kAvyasaMgrahanA 28mA pAna para je kAvya Ave te ja utAryuM che. A kavionI bIjI kRtio paNa evI ja ekasarakhI durgama che; mahA muzkelIthI ja te samajI zakAya, ane teya pUrepUrI to nahi ja. ane A ja jAtanI kRtiovALA to bIjA seMkaDo kavio paDelA che, jemAMnA thoDAka ja meM upara gaNAvyA che. tevI ja sthiti jarmana, svisa, naoNrvejiyana, iTAliyana ane ApaNA raziyana padyanI paNa che. ane AvI kRtio chapAI chapAIne temanI karoDo nahi toya lAkha cepaDIo bane che ne vecAya che. temanI chApaNI ane bAMdhaNI pAchaLa karoDo rojanI majUrI apAya che; mane lAge che ke, misaranA mahA pirAmIDane bAMdhatAM kharacAyelI majUrI karatAM A ochI nahi hoya. ane ATalethI ja patatuM nathI. bIjI kalA-zAkhAomAM paNa Ama ja cAle che. citraNa, saMgIta ane nATayanI evI ja agamya * ahIMthI AgaLa pAchAM TolsToye namUnAnAM kAvyo ApavA mAMDayAM che. ane uparAMta vadhu dAkhalA pustakanA pariziSTa rUpe paNa Ape che. gujarAtI vAcakane A badhAmAM kheMcavAnI jarUra mAnI nathI. -A.

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navI kaLAnI agatA kRtio nirmANa karavA pAchaLa lAkha roja kharcAya che ane A bAbatamAM citraNa kavitAnI pAchaLa te zuM, paNa tene TapI jAya che.* ane Ama ja nATakanI dazA che; ne ema ja saMgItakaLAmAM paNa cAle che, ke jene mATe kAMI nahi to ema lAge ke, A kaLA to darekane gamya hovI joIe; ane e ja pramANe je kSetramAM to agamya thavuM agharuM lAge evA laghu-ane-navala-kathA-kSetramAMya bane che.* A ApaNA (19mA) saikAnA pUrvArdhamAM UcharelA loko eTale geTa, zIlara, museTa, hyugo, Dikansa, bithovana, caoNpina, rAphela, da vinsI, mAikala enDajela ane devAroza - e badhAnA prazaMsako;- teo A nava-kalAnuM kAMI ja hArda pAmI zakatA nathI, ane lAgalA ja tenI kRtione rucizUnya gAMDapaNa ja kahe che ane temanA pratye durlakSa karavA cAhe che. paraMtu A navI kaLA pratye AvI vRtti dhAraNa karavI e tadRna anyAyI che; kAraNa ke pahelI vAta to e ke, A kaLA vadhu ne vadhu phelAtI jAya che, ane A saikAnA trIjA dasakAmAM thayelA "romaeNnTisisTa" loko samAjamAM jevuM dRDha sthAna pAmelA, tevuM sthAna A navI kaLAe kayAranuM meLavI lIdhuM che. ane bIjI ane mukhya vAta e che * ahIM AgaLa sTaoNya eka kalA premInI DAyarImAMthI (A kalApremI te emanI dIkarI ja che, ema meMDa jaNAve che.) utArI Ape che. perIsamAM I. sa. 1894mAM bharAyelAM citra pradarzano joIne te noMdhe eNe karI hatI. temAMthI keTalIka bAbata gujarAtI vAcaka mATe TIpamAM ja utAruM chuM - kALajIthI ne hRdayanA bhAvathI meM citro joyAM, paraMtu e ja pramANe akkala bahera mArI jAya ne te gusse Ave e anubhava pharI thayo ... citraNa evuM te ace kasa hatuM ke, keTalIka vAra ApaNe e nakkI na karI zakIe ke, hAtha cA mAthuM kaI bAju pheraveluM che. . . . keTalAMka citromAM AkRtio hatI, paNa vastu-viSaya na maLe ! dareka citranA pitAnA khAsa raMga hatA; tenAthI jANe tene chAMTI na nAMkhyuM hoya, evuM te lAgatuM. . . ." -ma. + saMgIta, nATaka, tathA kathAo aMge paNa TesTaca potAnA vidhAnanA samarthanamAM dAkhalA dalIlo TAMke che. e badhe vistAra gujarAtImAM TUMkAvI lIdho che. -ma

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78 kaLA eTale zuM ? ke, A navakaLA, ke jene ApaNe ' DikeDanTa ' nAma ApyuM che, te Aje kaLAnuM cheka chelluM rUpa che; tene ApaNe samajI zakatA nathI eTalA mATe jo ApaNe tenI kRtione upara pramANe mUlavavA taiyAra thaIe, to pachI yAda rAkho ke, e nyAya ApaNane pasaMda paDatI kaLAne mUlavavA mATeya lAgu thAya : kema ke, ApaNA priya kavi geTe, zIlara ane phUgAnAM kAvyo, DikansanI navalakathA, bitheAvana ane caoNpinanuM saMgIta, rAphela -mAikela enjelA-da vinsInAM citro, vagere badhI kalAkRtine ApaNe AdarapAtra gaNIe chIe; paraMtu ApaNe jema AjanI navakaLA nathI samajatA, tema ja ApaNI AdarapAtra A kRtione nahi samajanAra AkhI majUra-vastI ane ghaNA gera-majUriyAta lokonI bhAre meTI saMkhyA paDelI che. jo mane evuM mAnavAnA haka hAya ke, jene huM nizaMka sAruM mAnuM chuM, tene moTA bhAganI Ama-janatA nathI samajatI ne te tene nathI gamatuM, kema ke te pUratI keLavAyelI nathI; te pachI navI kalAkRti huM samajI zakatA nathI ne mane gamatI nathI tenuM kAraNa eTaluM ja ke, temane samajavAne mATe huM hajI pUratA keLavAyA nathI, evI dalIlanA inakAra karavA mane haka rahetA nathI. huM ne mArI joDe sahAnubhUtivALA evA meATA bhAganA loko navI kalAkRtio samajatA nathI, kAraNa ke, temAM samajavA jevuM kazuM che nahi, ne te kharAba kaLA che Ama kahevAnA jo mane haka hAya, te pachI te ja hake ke nyAyathI, tenA karatAMya bahu moTI saMkhyAne evA AkhA majUra leAkasamudAya, ke jene huM AdarapAtra gaNuM chuM, te kaLAne samajatA nathI, te ema kahI zake ke, huM sArI gaNuM chuM te kaLA kharAba che ne temAM kazuM ja samajavA jevuM nathI. navI kaLAne Ama dhutkArI kADhavAmAM rahelA anyAya eka prasaMge khAsa spaSTatAthI mArA jovAmAM AvyA. agamya kAvyo lakhanArA eka kavie, mArI hAjarImAM, AtmavizvAsapUrvaka ne rAjI thatAM thatAM, agamya

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navI kaLAnI agAzyatA saMgItanI majAka karI. ane pachI thoDI ja vAre agamya saMgIta racanArA eka saMgItakAre teTalA ja AtmavizvAsanI sAthe agamya kavitAnI hAMsI karI ! saikAnA pUrvArdhamAM keLavAyela huM navI kaLA samajato nathI te kAraNe tene dhutkArI kADhavAno mane jarAya haka ke adhikAra nathI; bahu to eTaluM huM kahI zakuM ke, mane e samajAtI nathI. "DikeDaMTa' kaLAnA karatAM, huM jene kaLA tarIke svIkAre che, temAM vizeSa lAbha eTalo ja che ke, AjanI cAlu kaLA karatAM te kaLA kAMIka vadhAre moTI saMkhyAnA lokane samajAya evI che. amuka ekadezI kaLAne huM TevAyelo chuM ne tene huM samajI zakyuM chuM, paNa tenAthI vadhAre ekadezI banelI evI bIjI kaLA huM samajI zakato nathI-A hakIkata uparathI evA abhiprAya para pahoMcavAne mane haka nathI maLato ke, mArI kaLA sAcI kharI kaLA che, ane huM nathI samajI zakatA te pelI bIjI kaLA kharAba jUThI che. e parathI huM eTalo ja vicAra bAMdhI zakuM ke, vadhu ne vadhu AgavI ane ekadezI thatAM thatAM kaLA moTI ne moTI rAMkhyAnA lokane agamya thatI jAya che, ane A agamyatA taraphanI tenI uttarottara pragatimAM te evI kakSAe pahoMcI che ke, cunaMdA bhadralokamAMthI ghaNI nAnI saMkhyAne ja te samajAya che, ane AvA cunaMdA lokanI saMkhyAya hameza ghaTatI ja jAya che. upalA vargonI kaLA sArvabhauma kaLAthI jevI aLagI thaI tevI ja eka evI paNa mAnyatA UThI ke, kaLA kaLA hoya ane chatAM te Ama-janatAne agamya hoya. ane A vAta svIkArI ke tarata pachI acUka eya svIkAravuM paDayuM ja ke, kaLA mAtra cunaMdA lokonI ati nAnI saMkhyAne ja, ane ema thatAM thatAM ApaNA najIkamAM najIkanA be ke ekAda mitrane ja, ke mAtra potAne ja samajAya, evI saMbhavI zake. ane lagabhaga ema ja arvAcIna kalAkAronuM kahevuM che : "huM sarjana karuM chuM ane jAte te samajuM chuM ane bIjuM koI mane samajAtuM nathI te temAM bhAga emanA."

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20 kaLA eTale zuM? kalA sArI kaLA-harya ane tenI sAthe te moTI saMkhyAnA lokane agamya paNa hoya, evuM vidhAna ati anyAyI che; ane tenAM pariNAma kaLAne potAne mATe paNa ghaNAM ghAtaka che. paraMtu tenI ja sAthe tyAre e vidhAna evuM sAmAnya pracAramAM AvyuM che ane ApaNI vicArasRSTimAM te evuM to khacI gayuM che ke, A paristhitinI narI behUdagI pUratI spaSTa karavAnuM azakaya che. prakhyAta kalAkRtio viSe atisAmAnyapaNe evuM kahevAnuM sAMbhaLyuM che ke, te che to ghaNI sArI, paNa samajavI ati agharI. AvAM vidhAnethI ApaNe sAva TevAI gayA chIe. chatAM ema kahevuM ke, kalAkRti che sArI, paNa moTA bhAganA lokone agamya che, e to evuM kahevA barobara che ke, amuka khorAka che to ghaNo sAro, paNa ghaNAkharA loko tene khAI na zake! moTA bhAganA lokone saDeluM panIra (cIjha') ke pakSInuM saDatuM mAMsa nahi bhAve, ke je vAnI bagaDelI jIbhanA-vikRta svAdanA lokane malIdA jevI lAge che. paraMtu roTalo ne phaLa naryA sArAM ja che, ne moTA bhAganA lokone te pasaMda ja Ave che. ema ja kalAne mATe paNa che: viparIta kaLA moTA bhAganA lokone na game, paraMtu sArI kaLA to hameza darekane game che. ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke, uttamottama kalAkRtio evI hoya che ke, Ama-janatAne te na samajAI zake, paNa e mahAna kRtione samajavAnI taiyArIvALA cunaMdA loko ja te pAmI zake. paraMtu jo lokonI moTI saMkhyA te na samaje, to samajavAne zaktimAna karavA mATe jarUrI jJAna temane zIkhavavuM ne samajAvavuM joIe. paraMtu emAMthI evuM jANavA maLe che ke, evuM to koI jJAna che ja nahi, te kRtio samajAvI zakAya nahi; ane jeo kahe che ke, moTA bhAganA loka sArI kalAkRtio nathI samajatA, teo, tema chatAM, emane te samajAvatA nathI, paNa eTalAM ja kahe che ke, emane samajavAne mATe e ja klAkRtie temaNe pharI pharIne vAMcavI jovI ne sAMbhaLavI joIe. paraMtu A to tene samajavA

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navI kaLAnI agagyatA paNuM nahi, paNa tenI Teva pADavApaNuM thayuM; ane loko Teva to game tenI - kharAbamAM kharAba vastuonI paNa - pADe: jema loko kharAba khorAka, dArU, tamAku ne aphINanuM vyasana pADe, te ja rIte teo kharAba kaLAnuM paNa pADe. ane je karavAmAM Ave che te barobara evuM ja che. uparAMta, ema paNa na kahI zakAya ke, sarvocca kalAkRtio kadaravAne mATe moTA bhAganA loka pAse suruci nathI. ApaNe paNa jene sarvottama klA gaNIe chIe, tene Ama-loka hameza samajyA che ane hajIya samaje che. "jenesisa 'nuM mahAkAvya, bAibalanI dRSTAMtakathAo, lokavAta, parIkathAo, ane lokagIto sau koI samaje che. to pachI, janatAno moTo bhAga, ApaNI kaLAmAM je ucca ke udAtta hoya tene samajavAnI zakti ociMto khoI beTho, ema zI rIte banI zake? eka bhASaNa umadA che, paNa je bhASAmAM te apAyuM hoya tene na jANanArAne mATe te agamya che, ema kahevAya. dA. ta., cInI bhASAmAM apAyeluM koi bhASaNa umadA hoya, paNa huM cInI na jANato houM, to mane te agamya rahe. paraMtu bIjI badhI mAnasika pravRttiothI kalAkRtinI je khAsa vizeSatA che te e vastu che ke, kalAnI bhASA sau samaje che ane bhedabhAva vinA saune te cepe che. raziyananAM AMsu ke hAsya peThe ja cInAnAM AMsu ne hAsya mane cepe che; ane ema ja citraNa tathA saMgIta mATe, ane mane samajAtI bhASAmAM utArAya to, kAvya mATe paNa che. eka kiragIjha ke jApAnIne tenAM gIte asara kare, tethI thoDe oche aMze chatAM, te maneya asara kare che. mane jApAnI citrakaLA, hiMdI sthApatya, ane arabI kathAonI paNa asara thAya che. jApAnI gIta ke cInI navalakathAthI jo mane jUja asara thAya, to te e kRtione huM samajato nathI tethI nahi, paNa e kAraNathI ke, huM vadhAre UMcI kalAkRtio jANuM chuM ne temanAthI TevAyo chuM. tenuM kAraNa e nathI ke, temanI kaLA mArA gajAnI uparavaTa che. mahAna kalAkRtio eTalA ja mATe mahAna che ke, te saune sulabha ane grAmya hoya che. cInI

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kaLA eTale zuM? bhASAmAM utArelI josephanI vArtA cInAne asara kare che. zAkayamuni buddhanI vArtA ApaNane sparze che. ane tevI ja zaktivALAM makAno, citro, pUtaLAM ane saMgIta che, tathA hovAM joIe. eTale kaLA jo mANasone asara karavAmAM niSphaLa nIvaDe, to tethI ema na kahI zakAya ke, tenuM kAraNa prekSako ke zrotAonI samajazaktinI khAmI che; paraMtu temAMthI tAravavAno nirNaya e hoya ne hovo joIe ke, tevI kaLA yA te kharAba kaLA che ke pachI te muddala kaLA ja nathI. - jemane samajavAne mATe pUrvataiyArI ane amuka mAhitI ke jJAnano krama joIe, evI keTalIka vidyAo che; jema ke, pahelI bhUmiti jANyA vagara trikoNamiti na bhaNI zakAya. paraMtu A jAtanI vidyAthI kaLA e kAraNe judI paDe che ke, loko upara kaLA je asara kare che te temanAM vikAsa ane bhaNataranI sthitithI svataMtrapaNe : citra, svaze ke AkAronI majA ke AkarSakatA dareka mANasane asara kare che, - bhale ne enI vikAsa-bhUmikA pachI game te hoya. kaLAnuM kAma ja A che ke, tarka ke dalIla rUpe je pAmI ke samajI na zakAya, tene pote samajAvavuM ane hRdayagata karAvavuM. kharekhara kalAnI asara pAmanArane sAmAnyapaNe ema lAge che ke, jANe te vastu pote pahelethI jANato hato, paNa tene vyakta karI zakato nahote. ane sArI uttama kalA hameza evI ja hotI AvI che. iliyaDa, oNDesI, AIjheka jekaba ane josephanI vartAo, hibU pegaMbaro, (bAibalanAM) bhajano ne dRSTAMtakathAo, zAkaya muninI kathA, ne vedonAM sUkto-A badhAM ati udAtta bhAvanAo vahana kare che ane chatAM, AjanA ApaNA majUro karatAMya ochA bhaNelA evA te kALanA prAcIna lokone e badhuM pUrve jema samajAtuM hatuM, tema ja abhaNa ke bhaNelA ApaNa saune te Aje samajAya che. loko kaLAnI agamyatAnI vAta kare che; paraMtu kaLA e jo manuSyanI dharmapratItimAMthI jharatI lAgaNIonuM vAhana hoya, to dharma upara (eTale ke, manuSyanA Izvara sAthenA saMbaMdha

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navI kaLAnI agamyatA 83 upara ) racAyelI lAgaNI agamya zI rIte hAI zake? evI kaLA tA darekane gamya hovI joIe, ane kharekhara hameza e gamya hatI ja; kAraNa ke, dareka mANasanA Izvara sAthenA saMbaMdha teA ekasamAna ja che. tethI ja karIne devaLA ne temanI aMdaranI mUrti hameza darekane samajAtI. sarvottama ne sarvocca lAgaNIone samajavAmAM aMtarAya (bAibalamAM kahyuM che tema, ) vikAsa ke bhaNataranI khAmInA muddala nathI; balke te khoTA vikAsamAM ne khATA bhaNataramAM rahelA che. eka UMcI umadA kalAkRti agamya hoya, paNa sAdA sIdhI lITInA ne avikRta kheDUta majUrane nahi; sarvocca evuM badhuM te samaje che. e agamya hoya, ne ghaNI vAra hAya paNa che, -- te te dharmabhAvanA vagaranA, bhaNelA vikRta lokone. ane ApaNA samAjamAM Ama cAlu banyA kare che: sarvocca lAgaNIo basa nathI ja samajAtI. dAkhalA tarIke, peAtAne khUba sudharelA mAnanAra evA lokone huM jANuM chuM, jeo kahe che ke, paDozInA premanI, AtmabalidAnanI, ziyaLa ke pavitratAnI kavitA amane nathI. samajAtI ! ---- eTale, sArI, mahAna, sArvabhauma, dharmaparAyaNa kaLA bagaDelA leAkanA amuka nAnA maMDaLane na samajAya evI hoya, paNa sAdA saraLa manuSyonI game tevI meATI saMkhyAne jarUra te agamya nathI. klA ghaNI sArI kaLA che te ja kAraNe te meATI sa MkhyAnI janatAne agamya hoI na zake; joke AjanA ApaNA kalAkArone ema ja kahevAnA zAkha che. UlaTu ApaNe te evA vicAra para pahoMcavuM paDe che ke, A kaLA bahujanasamAjane eTalA ja kAraNe agamya che ke, yA te te bahu kharAba kaLA che athavA muddala te kaLA ja nathI. eTale, bhaNeluM ToLuM bhALapaNe jene svIkArI le che te pelI priya dalIla ke, kaLAnA Akalana mATe paDe che, (ke jene kharekhara pADavI joIe, ) e dalIla - kalA anubhavavA mATe pahelI tene samajavI a eTalA ja che ke, tenI pAte Teva kharekharI rIte te e hakIkata batAvI

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84 kaLA eTale zuM? Ape che ke, A rIte je samajavAnuM ApaNane pharamAvavAmAM Ave che te yA te bahu kharAba ane ekadezI kaLA che, athavA to te muddala kaLA ja nathI. . loka kahe che ke, kalAkRtiomAM janatAne majA nathI AvatI tenuM kAraNa e che ke, teo temane samajavA azakta che. paraMtu kalAkRtiono hetu jo evo hoya ke, kalAkAre pote anubhavelI lAgaNIo vaDe lokone cepavA, to na samajavAne to muddo ja koI zI rIte uThAvI zake? janatAno eka sAmAnya mANasa eka copaDI vAMce che, eka citra jue che, eka nATaka ke saMgItanI cIja sAMbhaLe che, paNa te kazI lAgaNIthI spardhAto nathI. tevA mANasane kahevAmAM Ave che ke, enuM kAraNa e che ke, huM te samajI zakato nathI. eka mANasane amuka dRzya ke khela jovA devAnuM loka vacana Ape che; e mANasa te jovA dAkhala thAya che ne kazuM joto nathI. tene kahevAmAM Ave che ke, tArI najara A dRzya ke khela jovA mATe taiyAra nathI mATe Ama thAya che. paraMtu te mANasane khAtarI che ke, potAne dekhAya che to tadRna sArI rIte. eTale loke tene dekhADavAnuM vacana ApyuM ne te tene dekhAyuM nahi; to te uparathI e manamAM eTaluM ja mAne che ( ane te taddana vAjabI che ) ke, dekhADavAnuM vacana ApanAra lokoe te pALyuM nahi. te pramANe, eka mANasa keTalIka kalAkRtio jarUra mANI zake che, paNa tenA mana upara keTalAka bIjA kalAkAronI kRtiothI kazI lAgaNI nathI thatI; evo mANasa jo A kalAkAro viSe evA ja nirNaya upara pahoMce -[ ke, temaNe lAgaNI preravA mATe to kRti racI ne te mane batAvI, chatAM te lAgaNI mArAmAM prerAI to nahi; ( jayAre lAgaNI preravA bAbatanI hRdayazakti te tene che, kema ke, keTalIka kRtio jarUra te mANI zake che; ) eno artha e ke, pelA kalAkAroe potAnuM vacana na pALyuM, ]- to te barobara nyAyapura:sara che. koI mANasane kahevuM ke, mArI kaLA tane sparzatI nathI tenuM kAraNa e che ke, tuM hajI ghaNo mUrkha jaDa che, temAM mithyAbhimAna ane asabhyatA to che; paNa

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navI kaLAnI agaNyatA 85 uparAMta e te potAnA vAMka sAmAne gaLe bharavavA jevuM pADAne vAMke pakhAlIne DAmavA jevuM che! mAMdA te pote hoya, pathArIvaza sAmAne karavA jevI e vAta che! - 66 "" vaoNlTaranuM vAkaya che ke " thakAvaNI -- kaMTALAbharI zailI sivAyanI badhI zailI sArI. paraMtu kaLA mATe te tethI kayAMya vadhu vAjabI rIte e vidhAna lAgu karI zakAya ke, na samajAya ke dhArI asara karavAmAM niSphaLa jAya te sivAyanI badhI zailI sArI. kema ke, je hetu sAdhavA eka vastu icchatI hoya tene ja sAdhavAmAM e jo niSphaLa jAya, te e vastunI kiMmata zI ? sauthI pahelI to e vastu dhyAnamAM le ke, durasta mananA koI mANasane kaLA na samajAya evI hoya ane chatAM te kaLA hoya evuM vidhAna tame eka vAra jo kabUla rAkho, to to pachI vikRta lokonuM amuka maMDaLa potAnI lAgaNIne galagaliyAM karAve ane potAnA sivAya koIne na samajAya evI klAkRtio race ane temane kalA kahe, te enI sAme dharavA jevuM tamArI pAse kazuM kAraNa rahetuM nathI. ane kahevAtA ' DikeDanTa ' lAka kharekhara Ama ja varte paNa che ! eka moTA vartulanA pAyA upara zaMku bane tema, bIjAM nAnAM nAnAM vartulA, utaraDanI peThe, gAThavatA jAo, to ema banatA zaMkune zikhare muddala vartula ja nahi rahe.* klAe je dizA pakaDI che, tene AvI utaraDanI upamA ApI zakAya: ApaNA samayanI kalAnuM AvuM thayuM che. * te eka biMdu ja khanI rahe. -ma.

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navI kaLAnuM nakalIpaNuM [ kalAbhAsanA cAra kImiyA] vastu-viSayamAM hameza kaMgALa ne kaMgALa tathA bAhya svarUpamAM vadhu ne vadhu agamya thatAM thatAM, upalA varganI kaLAnI chellI kRtio to kalAnAM badhAMya lakSaNone khoI beThI che ane temanI jagAe kalAnI nakalo AvI gaI che. sArvabhauma kaLAthI chUTI paDavAne pariNAme upalA vargonI kaLA vastu-viSayamAM kaMgALa thaI ane bAhya svarUpamAM bagaDI - eTale ke, vadhu ne vadhu agamya thaI eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu vakhata jatAM te bilakula kaLA ja maTI gaI che ane tenI jagA nakalI banAvaToe lIdhI che. nIcenAM kAraNothI A pariNAma AvyuM che:- sArvabhauma kaLA tyAre ja janme che, jyAre janatAno koI amuka mANasa amuka Urmi tIvratApUrvaka anubhave ane tene bIjAone pahoMcADavAnI tene aMtaramAM jarUra lAge. tyAre bIjI bAju jotAM, upalA vargonI kaLA kaLAkAranA AMtarika umaLakAthI nahi, paNa mukhyatve ethI karIne janme che ke, upalA varganA lokomAM majA ke AnaMdanI mAga hoya che ane tene sAru teo paisA Ape che, kaLA pAse teo potAne AnaMdAyI lAgaNIonuM vahana mAge che, ane e mAMgane pahoMcI vaLavA kalAkAro maLe che. paNa e ghaNuM agharuM kAma che; kAraNa ke, ALasa ane ezaArAmamAM jIvana gALatA upalA vargonA loko potAnA manane kaLAthI bahalAvavA satata icchA karyA kare che, ane kaLA-halakAmAM halakI paNa -e evI vastu che ke, te marajI mujaba pedA karI zakAtI nathI; kalA

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navI kaLAnuM nakalIpaNuM kAranA aMtarAtmAmAM teNe sahaja svayaM spharavuM paDe che. tethI karIne upalA vargonI kalAnI mAgane saMtoSavA sAru, kalAkAroe kalAnI nakalo pedA karavAnI rIte yojavI paDI che. ane AvI rIte yojavAmAM AvI che. tevI yojAyelI rIto nIce pramANe che:- (1) uchInuM levuM, (2) anukaraNa karavuM, (3) asara pADI de evI bhabhaka ke camatkRti ANavI, ane (4) rasa paDe ema karavuM. pahelI paddhatimAM e raheluM che ke, sau koIe kAvyamaya mAnelI evI pUrvanI kRtiomAMthI AkhA ne AkhA viSayo ke mAtra chUTaka AkarSaka bhAga levA ane temAM paracUraNa umerA karI temane pharI evI rIte ghaDavA ke, temAM navInatAno AbhAsa Ave. AvI kRtio, amuka varganA lokomAM, temaNe pUrve anubhavelI kalAkIya lAgaNIonI smRtio jagave che, ane e rIte kaLAne maLatI chApa utpanna kare che; ane jo te kRtio bIjI keTalIka jarUrI zarato sAcave, to kaLAmAMthI majA meLavavAnuM tAkatA lokomAM tevI kRtio kaLA tarIke khapI jAya che. pUrvanI kalAkRtiomAMthI lIdhelA viSayo sAmAnyata: kAvyamaya viSayo kahevAya che; Ama upADAyelAM vastuo ane pAtro kAvya-ke-kalAmaya vastuo ne pAtro kahevAya che. jema ke, ApaNA maMDaLamAM, badhI jAtanI purANakathAo, madhyayuganI vIrakathAo ane prAcIna praNAlIo kAvyamaya viSayo gaNAya che. ane kAvyamaya ke kalAmaya vastuo tathA pAtromAM ApaNe kumArIo, yoddhAo, bharavADo, yatimunio, devadUta, badhI jAtanAM bhUto, cAMdanI, meghagarjanA, parvata, samudra, giri-karADa, phUlo, lAMbA keza, siho, gheTAM, kabUtaro, ne bulabula koyalo - A badhAMne gaNIe chIe. sAmAnyapaNe kahetAM, pUrvanA kalAkAroe potAnI kRtiomAM vAraMvAra je vastuone vAparI hoya, te badhIya kAvya-ke-kalA-maya gaNAya che.

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kaLA eTale zuM? lagabhaga 4 varSa upara, eka mUrkha paNa bhAre sudharelI eka bAIe (hAla te nathI, ) pote lakhelI eka navalakathA mane vAMcI saMbhaLAvavA jaNAvyuM. eka nAyikAnA varNanathI tenI zarUAta thatI hatI : kAvyamaya gaNAtAM sapheda vastro teNe paheryA che; kAvyamaya rIte tenA keza jhUle che, ane eka kAvyamaya vanamAM koka jAtanA jaLAzaya pAse te kAvya vAMce che. dRzya raziyAnuM hatuM, paNa ociMto pAchaLanI jhADImAMthI kathAnAyaka dekhA de che. teNe pIchAMnI kalagIvALI (khAsa kahyuM hatuM ke, viliyama TelanA jevI) TopI dhAraNa karI che ane sAthe be ghoLA kAvyamaya kUtarA che. te lekhikA A badhAne bhAre kAvyamaya mAnatI hatI; ane jo pelA nAyakane bolavAnI jarUra na paData, to kAvyamayatAno e badho goLo barobara gaDabata. paraMtu viliyama Tela jevA haeNTa-dhArI pelA gRhastha jevA pelI dhavala-vastrA kumArikA joDe saMbhASaNa karavA lAgyA, tevuM ja ughADuM paDI gayuM ke, lekhikAne enI kathA dvArA kahevAnuM te kAMI ja nahotuM, paraMtu bIjI kRtionAM kAvyamaya smaraNothI ja te prerAI hatI eTaluM ja, ane te parathI teNe mAnyuM hatuM ke, emanAM rUpAMtaro ke vezAMtaro mAraphate emanA mULa bhAvone jagavIne pote kalAnI chApa pADI zakaze. paraMtu kalAnI chApa, eTale ke teno cepa, e to tyAre ja sAmAne pahoMce ke jyAre lekhaka je lAgaNI vyakta karato hoya tene pote (kaLAnI khAsiyata mujaba) jAte anubhavI hoya; nahi ke jyAre potAne pUrve maLelI bIjAnI lAgaNIne te mAtra AgaLa calAvatA hoya. jUnA kAvya parathI potAnuM kAvyatva pAmatI AvI kAvyakalA lokone cepI na zake; te to kalAkRtine mAtra DoLa karI zake, ane teya evA ja lokonI AgaLa ke jemane kalAsvAda ke rUci bagaDI gayAM hoya. prastuta dAkhalAnI strI taddana mUrkha ane akala vagaranI hatI, eTale AkhI vastusthiti tarata pakaDAI jAya evI taddana ughADI hatI. paraMtu AvI rIte jayAre vidvAna ane yuktibAja loko, ke jemaNe potAnI kalAnuM AyojanataMtra khIlavyuM che, teo jyAre Ama uchInuM laI kAma kare che,

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navI kaLAnuM nakalIpaNuM tyAre Aje dhodhamAra jhIMkAye jatAM pelAM grIka jagatamAMthI, prAcIna khristI ke paurANika jagatamAMthI uThAvelAM kalAnAM "uchItiyAM" ApaNane maLe che, ke jemane badhAMne Aje loko khAsa karIne kalAkRtio tarIke svIkAre che; mAtra temAM pote lIdhelA bhAgone, potAnI khAsa kaLAnA AyojanataMtranI madadathI, barobara uThAvadAra bane ema goThavyA eTale thayuM ! kAvyakSetramAM kalAnI AvI banAvaTonuM lAkSaNika dRSTAMta joIe to raoNsTenDanuM "prinsesa laoNinTana' lo; temAM kaLAnI jarA sarakhI camaka nathI, paraMtu ghaNA lokone, ane tenA lekhakaneya kadAca, te bahu kAvyamaya lAge che! kalAno AbhAsa ApavAnI bIjI paddhatine meM anukaraNa-paddhati kahI che. A paddhatinuM rahasya varNavelI ke AlekhelI vastunI AsapAsanI vigato umerI ApavAmAM raheluM che. sAhitya-kalAmAM A paddhati eTale temAM mUkelAM pAtronAM bAhya dekhAvo, caherA, kapaDAM, ceSTAo, avAja, ane raheThANo viSenI jhINAmAM jhINI vigatane, jIvanamAM AvatA badhA prasaMgonI sAthe varNavavI, dA. ta., navala ane vArtAomAM, koI pAtra bolatuM hoya to te kevA avAjathI ane te vakhate zuM karatuM karatuM bolyuM, te ApaNane kahevAmAM Age che. ane je vastuo kahevAmAM Ave che te evI rIte nathI apAtI ke temAMthI zakaya eTalo badho artha nIpaje, paNa jIvanamAM jevI hoya che tema, saMbaMdha vagara ne tUTaka tathA vacce vacce choDI dIdhelAM gAbaDAM sAthe. nATayakaLAmAM, tAdRza bhASAnA AvA anukaraNa uparAMta, pratyakSa ke vAstava jIvanamAM jevAM hoya tevAM ja badhAM sAjasAmagrI ane pAtro lAvavAM, temAM A paddhati rahelI che. citrakaLAmAM A paddhati citrakAmane phoTogrAphImAM meLavI de che, ane ema karIne e be vaccenA bhedane nAbUda kare che. navAI to e che ke, saMgItakaLAmAM paNa A paddhati vaparAya che. tenI sAthe pratyakSa jIvanamAM je dhvanio joDAyelA hoya, temanA layanuM ja nahi, paraMtu te dhvanionuM paNa anukaraNa karavA te mathe che.

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kaLA eTale zuM? trIjI paddhati bAhya iMdriyo para, ghaNI vAra narI skUla ke bhautika kriyA dvArA, kAma kare che, A prakAranA kAmane "AzcaryakAraka" "asarakAraka kahevAya che. badhA prakAranI kaLAmAM A asaro mukhyatve parasparavirodhitAnAM dvidromAM rahelI hoya chepracaMDa ane komaLa, suMdara ane vikarALa, bulaMda ane maMda, aMdhakAra ane prakAza, sAva sAmAnya ane ati asAmAnya AvAM AvAM ekAMtika virodhanAM DhaMdrone ekasAthe bhegAM ANavAM. bhASAnI kaLA-sAhityakaLAmAM ekAMtika taMdronI AvI asaro uparAMta, pUrve kadI nahi varNavAyelI vastuone varNavavA dvArA sadhAtI bIjI asaro paNa hoya che. AvI asaromAM, sAmAnya rIte, kAmavAsanA jagavatI viSayabhoganI azlIla vigato hoya che, athavA tarerATanI lAgaNIo jagavatI du:kha sahana ane maraNanI vigato hoya che, jema ke, dAkhalA tarIke, khUna varNavatI vakhate ghAnA bhAgone, sojAnI jagAone, gaMdhana, lohInA jathA ane dekhAvano vigatavAra dAkatarI hevAla Apavo. citrakaLAmAMya Ama ja hoya che. bIjI badhI jAtanAM ekAMtika virodhI keMdro uparAMta, eka navuM DhaMdra e vaparAtuM thayuM che ke, eka vastune kALajIbhera pUrNatAthI AlekhavI ane bAkInI badhI vastuo viSe beparavA rahevuM. citraNamAM mukhya ane sAmAnya asaro prakAzanI ane vikarALatA-darzananI hoya che. AvAM dro uparAMta, nATakakaLAmAM, sAmAnyamAM sAmAnya asaro nIcenI bAbatothI sadhAya che - tephAna, meghagarjanA, cAMdanI, dariyAnAM ke dariyAkinArA paranAM dRzyo, paheravezanA palaTA, strI zarIranI nagnatA, gAMDapaNa, khUna ane maraNa. (marato mANasa maraNanI pIDAnI badhI bAjuo vigate batAve.) saMgItamAM atirUDha banelI asaro nIcenI che: sAdAmAM sAdA ane maMdramAM maMdra svarothI mAMDIne AkhA vAdyamaMDaLanA bulaMdamAM bulaMda ane mizramAM mizra svaro vaDe AkharI dhaDAko ANavA sudhI pahoMcavAnI Arohagati; vividha vAdyo upara ane badhAM ja saptakomAM eka ja svaro vAraMvAra kADhavA; athavA, saMgIta dvArA vyakta thatA vicArapravAhamAMthI laya tAla sUra ane svarameLa vagere svAbhAvika

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navI kaLAnuM nakelIpaNuM jevAM jharavAM joIe tevAM bilakula nahi, paNa ociMtA aNadhAryApaNAthI navAI pamADe evAM rAkhavAM. A rIte uparAMta saMgItanI sAmAnyamAM sAmAnya asaro - khAsa karIne oNrge sTrA ke vAdyamaMDaLamAM, - avAjanA jorathI narI zArIrika rIte ja pedA karAya che.* bhinna bhinna kaLAomAM upayogamAM levAtI rUDhamAM rUDha keTalIka asaro A prakAranI che. paraMtu eka asara AmAM bAkI rahe che, ke je badhI kaLAomAM sAmAnya che : te e ke, amuka kalAprakArathI varNavavuM kudaratI hoya tene badale te bIjA prakArathI sAdhavuM. dA. ta., saMgItathI varNana karavA javuM (jevuM vaiznara ne tenA celAo "progrAma'- saMgIta vaDe kare che ); athavA citraNa, nATaka ke kAvya vaDe amuka manodazA nipajAvavI (ke je karavAne AkhI "DikeDanTa' kaLAno hetu che). cothI paddhati kalAkRtionA saMbaMdhamAM rasa jamAvavAnI (eTale ke, temAM manane garaka karI rAkhavAnI) che. jema ke, aneka pravAhovALA mizra kathAnaka ke vAtanI gUMthaNIno rasa Ubho karavo. atyAra sudhI rasanirmANanI A rIta aMgrejI navale ane phrenca nATakomAM ghaNI vaparAtI; paNa have te phezana nIkaLatI jAya che ane tene badale tAdRza vAstavavAdathI - eTale ke, amuka aitihAsika samayanA ke samakAlIna jIvananI amuka zAkhAnA vigatavAra varNanathI -kAma levAya che. dA. ta., eka navalakathAmAM ijipta ke romanuM jIvana, ke khANiyAonuM jIvana, ke eka moTI dukAnanA gumAstAonuM jIvana AlekhyuM hoya. AvAM varNanathI vAcakane rasa paDe che, ane bhUlathI A rasane te kaLAnI asara mAnI bese che. vaLI kRtine rasa tenI nirUpaNazailIthI ja Ubho karavAmAM Avato hoya; rasanirmANano A prakAra have bahu vaparAya che. gadya ane padya, tathA citro, nATako ane saMgIta evI rIte racAya yuropIya kaLAone aMgenA A kImiyAne maLatA rastA ApaNe tyAMya je che te vAMcake ghaTAvI levA joIe. mULa TIkAvidhAna ke nirUpaNa ApaNe ahIM paNa sacoTa lAgu paDe che, e spaSTa che. -ma

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kaLA eTale zuM? che ke, temane samajavA mATe samasyAonI peThe anumAnathI kAma levuM paDe, ane AvI anumAnakriyA mA pADe che, ane e lAgaNI jANe kaLAmAMthI maLI evo AbhAsa utpanna kare che. amuka kalAkRti kAvyamaya che, ke tAdRza yA vAstavika che, ke AzcaryakAraka che, ke rasika che, tethI te bahu sArI che - Ama ghaNI vAra kahevAya che. paraMtu kalAnI uttamatAnuM dhoraNa emAMnA pahelA ke bIjA ke trIjA ke cothA eke lakSaNamAMthI nathI maLatuM, eTaluM ja nahi, kalA sAthe emane kazI vAte maLatApaNuM paNa nathI. kAvyamaya'- eTale uchInuM. uchInuM lIdheluM badhuM vAcaka-prekSaka-ke -zrotAmAM pUrvanI kalAkRtiomAMthI meLavelI klAkIya chApanuM kAMIka jhAMkhuM saMsmaraNa tAjuM kare che. dA. ta., geTenA "phaoNsTa mAMthI kAMIka laIne racelI eka kRti bahu sArI thaI hoya, temAM bharapUra cAturI ane dareka bhAtanI suMdaratA hoya, paraMtu temAM kalAkRtinuM je mukhya lakSaNa te ja khUTe che : temAM paripUrNatA, eka-akhaMDatA nathI; kalAkAranA anubhavanI lAgaNI nirUpatuM vastu ane tenuM bAhya rUpa (tenA bhAva ane vibhAva) e be vacce atUTa saMyoga nathI; AthI karIne te "uchItiyuM" kharekharI kalA-chApa pADI na zake. A paddhati kAmamAM laIne kalAkAra pUrvanI kalAkRtimAMthI potAne maLelI lAgaNIne mAtra vahana kare che. tethI karIne, AkhA viSayo upADyA hoya ke amuka dRzyo, prasaMgo ke varNana lIdhAM hoya, paNa evuM dareka "uchItiyuM" kaLAnuM pratibiMba ke tenI nakala ja che, khuda kaLA pote te nathI. tethI karIne, amuka kRti kAvyamaya che,-eTale ke, amuka kalAkRtine maLatI Ave che, mATe te sArI che ema kahevuM, e enA jevuM che ke, amuka sikko kharA nANAne maLato Ave che mATe kharo che! kalAne guNa mApavAne mATe gaja tarIke anukaraNa ke tAdRza vAstavatAne ghaNA loka mAne che; paraMtu "kAvyamayatA' peThe te paNa kAma

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navI kaLAnuM nakkIpaNuM , 93 na daI zake : anukaraNa evo gaja na thaI zake. kema ke, kalAnuM mukhya lakSaNa klAkAre pote anubhavelI lAgaNIo vaDe bIjAone lAgato cepa che, ane lAgaNIno cepa kalAthI vahana thatI vastunI madadanIza vigatonA varNanane ekarUpa nathI eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu sAmAnya rIte evuM bane che ke, vadhAre paDatI nakAmI vigatothI UlaTo temAM aMtarAya Ave che. kalAnI chApa jhIlanAranuM dhyAna A badhI bArIkAIthI nihALelI vigato vaDe ADuM dorAya che, ane kadAca lAgaNI hayAta hoya topaNa tenA vahanamAM te vigata vikSepa pADe che. kalAkRtinI tAdRzatA ke vAstavatAnA mApa uparathI, eTale ke, temAM utArelI vigatonA citAranI cokkasatA uparathI, kalAkRti nANavI, e to khorAkanA bAhya rUpa uparathI tenA poSaNa-guNano kayAsa kADhavA jevuM vicitra thAya. jayAre koI kalAkRtine ApaNe tenI vAstavatA pramANe nANIe, tyAre ApaNe eTaluM ja dekhADIe chIe ke, ApaNe kalAkRtinI nahi, paNa tenI nakala ke banAvaTanI vAta karIe chIe. pahelI benI jema, kalAnI nakala karavAnI trIjI paddhati - asara pADe ke navAI pamADe evI yuktino upayoga -- te paNa kharI kaLA nathI; kAraNa ke, asarakArakatA eTale navInatA, aNadhAryApaNuM, parasparavirodhI aMtima dro, vikarALatA, e badhAno upayoga. A badhAMthI kAMI lAgaNI nathI vahAtI, paNa temanA vaDe jJAnataMtuo ke nADIo upara ja kriyA thAya che. citrakAra eka khUnI ghAne umadA rIte cItare, to te ghA jovAthI mArA para asara thAya che, paNa te kaLA nahi bane. jabarA koI vAgha upara ekAda lAMbo svara vagADAya, to tethI navAIbharI chApa pedA thaze, kadAca ghaNI vAra te AMsu paNa ANI de, paNa temAM kazuM saMgIta nathI, kAraNa ke tenAthI koI paNa lAgaNI ke bhAva vahana thatAM nathI. chatAM ApaNA maMDaLanA loko AvI zArIrika asarone kaLA samajavAnI satata bhUla kare che, ane te saMgItamAM ja nahi paNa kAvya, citraNa, ane nATakamAM paNa bane che. ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke, kaLA ziSTa

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kaLA eTale zuM? sukomaLa banI che, paraMtu asaro pADavA keDe maMDavAthI UlaTI te ghaNI aziSTa ne bothaDa jevI jaDa banI che. eka navuM nATaka bahAra paDe che ane AkhA yuropamAM tenI bolabAlA cAle che; jema ke (haoNpTamenanuM) Hanneles Himmelfahrt. A nATakamAM lekhaka pajavaNIthI trAselI eka bALA pratye prekSakomAM dayAbhAva preravA mAge che. kalA dvArA A bhAva temanAmAM gavavAne mATe, lekhake yA to A dayAbhAva ekAda pAtra mAraphate evI rIte nirUpavo jAIe ke jethI dareka jaNa cepAya, athavA to teNe e bALAnI lAgaNIone barAbara varNavavI joIe. paraMtu te AvuM kAMI karI zakato nathI ke karato nathI ane bIjo ja rasto pasaMda kare che. A rasto raMgabhUmi upara utAravo ghaNo kaThaNa che, paNa lekhakane mATe sahelo che. lekhaka e chokarIne raMgabhUmi para mAre che; ane tethI AgaLa vadhI, prekSako upara vadhAre zArIrika asara pADavA sAru, nATakazALAnI battIo baMdha karI prekSakone aMdhAruM kare che; ane kAramAM ugabharyA saMgItanA dhvaninI bhUmikA sAthe batAve che ke, chokarIno pIdhela bApa kevo tenI keDe paDe che ne tene mAre che. chokarI hebatAIne pAchI paDe che, cIso pADe che, UMhakA bhare che, ane Akhare gabaDI paDe che. pachI devadUto Ave che ne tene laI jAya che. ane A badhuM cAle che te daramiyAna amuka uttejanA anubhavatA prekSakone pUrI khAtarIthI lAge che ke, A sAcI kaLAnI lAgaNI che. paraMtu AvI uttejanAmAM kazuM kalAtmaka nathI, kAraNa ke emAM eka mANasa pAsethI bIjA mANasa upara jato cepa nathI, paraMtu emAM bIjAne mATe dayAnI ane, AvA du:khane bhoga huM nathI, evI AtmadhanyatAnI mizra lAgaNI hoya che: kone maLatI? ke jevI lAgaNI ApaNane dehAMtadaMDa apAte jotAM thAya ke emanone temanAM* sarakaso jotAM thatI hatI. laeNDiyeTara kahevAtA malenAM vaMdvayuddhone ulekha ahIM che. emAM habasI lekone prANAMtaka laDAvI, temanA lohInI choLo UDatI jevI ne maraNaduHkha nihALavuM, e rimonuM eka priya manoraMjana hatuM. - ma.

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navI kaLAnuM nakalIpaNuM 95 saMgItakaLA svabhAve ja evI che ke, te nADIo upara tAtkAlika zArIrika asara kare che, temAM to kalAnI lAgaNIne badale AvI asarane apAtuM sthAna khAsa jovA maLe che. pote anubhavelI lAgaNI ne gItanI madhuratAthI sAmAne pahoMcADavAne badale, navIna zAkhAno saMgItakAra svarone ekasAthe ne aMdaraaMdara gUMcave che, ane eka vAra temane tIvra ke tAra karIne to vaLI maMdra ke komaLa karIne te zrotAo upara evI zArIrika asara upajAve che, ke je tene sAru, zodhAyela mApakayaMtrothI* mApI zakAya che. ane janatA A zArIrika asarane bhUlathI kaLA mAne che. rasa paDe ema karavAnI cothI paddhatine paNa ghaNI vAra bhUlathI kaLA manAya che. amuka kAvya ke navala ke citra ja vize nahi, amuka saMgItanI cIja viSe paNa ghaNI vAra ema kahevAtuM sAMbhaLavAmAM Ave che ke, te rasika che. Ano artha zo ? koI kalAkRti rasika che ema kahevAno artha e che ke, ApaNe temAMthI koI navI mAhitI meLavIe chIe, athavA to te kRti pUrI samajAtI nathI ne mahenatathI thoDe thoDe ApaNe teno artha pAmIe chIe, ane Ama teno artha anumAnatA javAnI prakriyAmAM ApaNane amuka jAtanI ramUja ke majA Ave che. A bemAMthI ekeya bAbatanA rasane kalAtmaka chApa joDe kAMI ja maLatApaNuM nathI. kalAno uddeza kalAkAranA anubhavanI lAgaNIthI lokone cepavAne che. paraMtu zrotA-vAcaka-ke-prekSakane kRtimAMthI maLatI navI mAhitI pacAvavA mATe athavA to temAM mUkelA koyaDAnA ukelanAM anumAna karavA mATe je mAnasika zramanI jarUra paDe che, te temAM vikSepa karI, kalAnI AvI chApa ke lAgatA cepane roke che. tethI, kRtinA rasane eka kalAkRti tarIkenA A eka evuM yaMtra che ke jemAM eka ati nAjuka saMya ke kAMTe hoya che; hAthanA snAyunI kheMca ke tANa para AdhAra rAkhI, bArIka asarane dhI zake evo e sUkSama kAMTe snAyu tathA nADIo upara saMgItathI thatI zArIrika asarane batAve che. - TI.

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kaLA eTale zuM ? tenA umadApaNA joDe kazI levAdevA nathI, eTaluM ja nahi paNa kalAtmaka chApa paDavAmAM madada karavAne badale UlaTo te aMtarAya nAMkhe che, eTale, kalAkRtimAM ApaNe kAvyamaya, ane vAstava ke tAdRza, ane asarakAraka ke ajAyaba, ane rasika hoya evuM maLI Ave; paraMtu kaLAnI je mukhya AvazyakatA -kalAkAre anubhavelI lAgaNI - tenuM sthAna A vastuo na laI zake. hamaNAM upalA vargonI kaLAmAM, kalAkRtine nAme apAtI ghaNIkharI evI hoya che, ke je kaLA jevI mAtra bhAse che ane kaLAnuM je mukhya lakSaNa - kalAkAre pAte anubhavelI lAgaNI - tenAthI vihoNI hoya che. ane paisAdAronAM manoraMjana sAru, kalAna! kArIgare thokabaMdha AvI cIjo jANUkanI racce rAkhe che. 3 kharI kalAkRti pedA karI zakavAne mATe mANasa pAse ghaNI bAbate jarUranI che. potAnA kALanI sarvocca jIvanadRSTinI sapATI upara te Ubho hovo joIe; teNe pote lAgaNI anubhavavI joIe ane sAmAne pahoMcADavAnI tene icchA ane zakti hovI joIe; ane A uparAMta, kaLAnA koI eka prakAranI ene AvaData hovI joIe. kharI kaLA nirmANa karavAne mATe A badhI Avazyaka zarato che; paNa te badhI ekasAthe bhAgye ja ekaThI hoya che. paraMtu, uchInuM levuM, anukaraNa karavuM, asaro ke camatkRti sAdhavAnA kImiyA vAparavA, ane rasika karavuM, - e cAra rUDha rItonI madadathI, ApaNA samAjamAM kaLAmAM khapatI ne sArI rIte kamANI karI ApatI kaLAnI nakalo to vagara aTakaye pedA karye rAkhavA sAru, kaLAnI koI eka zAkhAnI AvaData ja mAtra joIe; ane e to ghaNI vAra maLI Ave evI vastu che. ahIM AvaData eTale huM zAkta kahevA mAguM chuM. jema ke, sAhityika kaLAmAM potAnA vicAro ane khyAlane sahelAIthI kahevAnI ane khAsa lAkSaNika vigato dhyAnamAM levAnI ane yAda rAkhavAnI zakita; Alekhana kaLAomAM, rekhAe Akaro ne raMgo niranirALA pArakhavAnI ane te yAda rAkhavAnI zakita; saMgItamAM svaronI

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navI kaLAnuM nakalIpaNuM 27 'pIca 'nA bheda pArakhavAnI ane temanA kramane yAda rAkhavAnI ane te pramANe utAravAnI zakti. ane ApaNA jamAnAno eka mANasa jo mAtra AvI AvaData dharAvatA hoya, ane peAtAne mATe amuka khAsa kSetra pasaMda karI le, ane ema pasaMda karelI peAtAnI klAzAkhAmAM nakalA nirmANa karavA mATe vaparAtI paddhatio zIkhI le, AjIvana satata kalAkRti kalAmAM khapaze. mAtra tenI pAse dhIraja hAvI joIe ane tenI kalAnI lAgaNI evI bUThI thayelI hAya, ke jethI AvAM nakaliyAM tene trAsajanaka na lAge. te pachI te mANasa ApaNA samAjamAM kADhayA kare, ane te kalAnAM AvAM nakaliyAM pedA karavA mATe, dareka kalAzAkhAmAM tene mATenA cAkkasa niyamA ke nusakhA hayAta che. eTale zakti ke AvaDatavALA mANasa emane apanAvI laIne, jAte lAgaNI anubhavyA vagara, ThaMDe hRdaye, AvI kRti racI zake. sAhityika zaktivALA mANasa pAse, kAvyA lakhavAne mATe, ATalI bAbatAnI lAyakAta hAvI jAIe : -- chaMda prAsa ke piMgaLanI AvazyakatA pramANe, kharekharA eka yogya zabdanI gAe, arthamAM lagabhaga tene maLatA evA, daza zabdo vAparavAnI hathoTI hovI jAIe; koI paNa zabdasamUha spaSTa samajAya tene mATe tenA zabdone eka ja svabhAvika krama hoya che, temAMthI temane upADavAnuM ane temAM banI zakatAM badhAM sthAnAMtaro karatAM chatAM, temAM kAMIka artha rAkhavAnuM zokhavuM joIe; ane chevaTe, prAsa mATe jarUrI hAya te zabdothI dArAI, emane baMdhabese eTalA sAru, vicAro lAgaNI ke varNanAnA kAMIka AbhAsa yojavAnI zakti hovI joIe. A guNA meLavI laine, te mANasa pachI lAMbAM ke TUMkAM, dhArmika, AzakamAzUkanAM, ke dezapremanAM, jevI jenI mAga te mujaba, vagara aTakaye, kAvyo racyA kare. sAhityika zaktivALA mANasa jo navalakathA ke vArtA lakhavA icche, te teNe mAtra peAtAnI zailI ghaDavI joIe; eTale ke, pote je jue 3.-7

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98 kaLA eTale zuM? te zI rIte varNavavuM e zIkhI le, ane vigate yAda rAkhavAnI ke TapakAvI levAnI Teva pADe, ATaluM kare eTale basa. Ama TevAyA pachI, potAnA valaNa pramANe ke mAga mujaba, te aitihAsika, prakRtiviSayaka, sAmAjika, premaviSayaka, mAnasazAstrIya ke dhArmika paNa, (kema ke, A chellI jAta mATe mAga ane phezana dekhAvA lAgI che.) - AvI vividha vArtAo ne navalo lakhI zake. tene mATenA viSayo te copaDIomAMthI ke jIvanaprasaMgomAMthI laI zake, ane potAnA oLakhItAM mANaso parathI potAnI kathAonAM pAtromAM nakala utArI zake. ane AvI vArtAo tathA navalone jo barobara nihALelI ne kALajIthI noMdhelI vigatothI zaNagArAya, - (ane temAM kAmavAsanA aMgenI vigato pahelI pasaMda karavI,) - to te vArtAo ane navala kalAkRtio gaNAze, - bhalene temAM kartAnA anubhavanI lAgaNIone chAMTaya pachI na hoya. nATakakAre kalA pedA karavA mATe, navala ane vArtAmAM je badhuM jarUrI upara kahyuM te uparAMta nIcenuM paNa zIkhavuM joIe - potAnAM pAtronAM maeNmAM bane teTalAM cabarAka ne ramUjI vAkyo mUkavAnuM, nATakIya asaro nirmANa karavAnI yukti kema kAmamAM levI te, ane potAnAM pAtronuM kArya evI rIte gUMthavuM ke jethI lAMbI vAtacIta nahi paNa raMgabhUmi para bane teTalAM vadhAre dhamAla ane halanacalana Ave. lekhaka jo ATaluM karI zake to, vagara aTakaye eka pachI eka, te nATako pedA karyo jAya. temanA viSayo te adAlatanA hevAlamAMthI ke samAjamAM cAlatI tAjI carcAmAMthI, (jevI ke, hipnoTijhama, vaijJAnika anuvaMzavAda vagere), athavA dUranI prAcInatAmAMthI ke kalpanAkSetramAMthI paNa pasaMda karI zake. citraNa ane zilpanAM kSetromAM nakaliyAM pedA karavAnuM tethIya saheluM che. zaktivAna mANase mAtra AlekhavAnuM, raMgavAnuM, ke kotaravAnuM - ane te khAsa karIne nagna zarIranuM - zIkhavuM joIe. ATalI

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navI kaLAnuM takalIpaNuM taiyArI karI ke pachI peAtAnA valaNa pramANe viSayo pasaMda karIne, eka pachI eka citro doravAnuM ke pUtaLAM karavAnuM te calAvI zake. viSayo paurANika ke dhArmika ke kAlpanika ke saMjJAtmaka (symbolic) phAve tevA le; athavA te rAjyAbhiSeka, haDatAla, TarkI-grIsanuM yuddha, dukALa jevI chApAMmAM AvatI vAtA, e badhAMnAM dRzya le; athavA sauthI sAmAnyamAM sAmAnya, peAtAne suMdara lAge te game te cIja nagna strIthI mAMDIne tAMbAnAM vAsaNA sudhInI -- le, ane sIdhI tenI nakala utAre. saMgItakaLA racavAne mATe, tevI zaktivALA mANasane, kalAnA arkarUpa evI je vastu sAmAne je dvArA cepavAnA che evI anubhUti ke lAgaNI tenI bIjI kaLAvALAo karatAMye ochI chata vagara cAle; paNa bIjI bAju tenI pAse, nRtyakaLA sivAya bIjI badhI kaLA mATe joIe, tenA karatAM vadhAre zArIrika kasaratI mahenata joIe. saMgItakRti pedA karavA mATe paheluM te eNe amuka vAgha upara tenA uttama ustAda jeTalI jhaDapathI AMgaLAM calAvatAM zIkhavuM joIe; pachI teNe pahelAMnA vakhatamAM ekasAthe vividha svara-samUhomAMthI upajAvAtI saMgIti kema lakhAtI te jANavuM joIe, ane 'kAunTarapaoNInTa 'tathA ' phayUga ' kahevAtI * vastuonA abhyAsa karavA joIe; ane te uparAMta eNe ' ceTrA '( vAdyamaMDaLa ) sajavAnuM, eTale ke, vAghothI sadhAtI asaro kema vAparavI e zIkhavuM joIe. paNa eka vAra A badhuM zIkhI lIdhuM eTale te saMgItakAra, eka upara eka, kRti kADhaye jAya. joIe te progrAma-saMgIta race, nATakanAM gAyanA race, zabdone ochAvattA pramANamAM maLatA evA dhvanio racIne koI - * yuropIya sa'gItanI A be cIjo che. AksapharDe kAza temane artha Ave! Ape cheH 'kAunTara-poinTa'=amuka cAlu saMgItamAM tenI sAthe saMvAdamAM umerAya evuM saMgIta, ke tema karavAnI kaLA. 6 *ga '='kAunTira-poinTa 'nI kaLA vaDe nAnI cIja vacce vacce racAvI te. ( * teADA 'ne maLatuM A lAge che. )

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100 kaLA eTale zuM? cIja race; bIjAnI cIjomAMthI vastu laI, "kAunTara-paoNinTa" ane phakyuga" dvArA temAMthI potAnuM kAMIka eka navuM banAvI le; athavA to sauthI sAmAnya che ke, te kAlpanika saMgIta race - eTale ke, hAthe caDe te svarasamUhane pakaDI laIne, tema adhdhara maLI gayelA svaronI hareka rItanI ADAavaLI goThavaNa karI temAMthI toDAono zaNagAra racI le. Ama kalAnAM badhAM kSetramAM, pahelethI yojAyelA taiyAra nusakhA pramANe, tenI nakalo banAvAya che ane A badhI nakalo ApaNA upalA vargonI janatA kalA tarIke svIkAre che. ane kharI kalAkRtionI jJAe A nakaliyAM peThAM e, sArvabhauma Ama-kalA ane upalA vargonI ekadezI khAsa-kaLAmAM paDela vicchedanuM trIjuM ane sauthI mahattvanuM pariNAma hatuM.

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12 nalIpaNAnAM traNa kAraNo ApaNA samAjamAM traNa kAraNo bhegAM maLIne kalAmAM nakaliyAM pedA karAve che : (1) kalAkArone kRtione mATe maLatuM bhAre mahenatANuM ane tethI teomAM nIpajelI dhaMdhAdArI, (2) kalAvivecana, ane (2) kalAzikSaNanI zALAo. kalA jayAre eka - avibhakta hatI ane mAtra dhArmika kaLA ja kadara pAmatI ane tene ja vaLatara maLatuM ane phuTakaLa seLabheLiyA kaLAne nahi, tyAre kaLAnAM nakaliyAM nahotAM; athavA koI hotAM to, AkhI janatAnAM TIkApAtra hoI, te tarata alopa thatAM. paraMtu kalAmAM jovA bhAgalA paDyA ane upalA vargoe, potAne mAtra majA ke ramUja Ape eTale pachI, tevI dareka jAtanI kaLAne sArI kahevA mAMDI, ane bIjI koI sAmAjika pravRtti karatAM evI kaLAne vadhAre UMcuM vaLatara ApavA mAMDayuM, ke tarata ja moTI saMkhyAmAM loko e pravRttimAM lAgyA, ane kaLAe bIje ja rUpa dhAraNa karyuM : te eka dhaMdho ja banI gaI. ane AvuM banatAMnI sAthe lAgalI ja prAmANikatA ke satyaniSThA, ke je kaLAno mukhya ne kImatI guNa che, te tarata nabaLo paDyo ne chevaTe sAva nAza pAmyo. dhaMdhAdArI klAkAra tenI kaLA upara jIve che, eTale potAnI kaLAne mATe navA navA viSayo tene cAlu ja zodhyA karavA paDe che, ane te e zodhe ja che. have jue ke, A be vargonI kalAkRtiomAM kevo jabaro pharaka paDe te : eka bAju para yahUdI pegaMbaro, bAibalanAM bhajananA kartAo, eNsisIno saMta phrAnsisa, iliyaDa ne DesInA kartAo, tathA 101

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102 kaLA eTale zuM? lokakathAkAra, daMtakathAo ane lokagItanA racanArAo - A badhA che, ke jemAMnA ghaNAne potAnI kRtionuM vaLatara maLavAnuM to kyAM rahyuM, paNa jemaNe potAnAM nAma sarakhAMya temanI joDe nathI mUkyAM. ane AnI sAmI bAjue che, mAnaakarAmane vaLatara pAmatA darabArI kavio, nATakakAro, ane gavaiyAo; ane temanI pachI Ave che, kaLA upara nabhatA dhaMdhAdArI kalAkAro, ke je loko chApAMnA taMtrIo, prakAzako nATaka-kaMpanIvALA, ane sAmAnyapaNe kAma karatA evA badhA kalA-dalAlo (ke jeo kaLAnI grAhaka evI zaherI janatA ane kalA ghaDanArA kalAkAro vacce kAma kare che, temanI) pAsethI vaLatara meLave che. A be vargonI kalAkRtio vacce ke jabaro pharaka paDe e ughADuM che. jUThI nakalI kaLAnA prasAranuM paheluM kAraNa tyAre kaLAmAM AveluM A dhaMdhAdArIpaNuM che. tenuM bIjuM kAraNa, atyAranA samayamAM je kalAvivecanano udaya thayo che, te che. kalAvivecana eTale klAnI mulavaNI. paraMtu kalAnI AjanI mulavaNI eTale dareka jaNa je mulavaNI kare e nahi, ane khAsa karIne te sAdA manuSyo kare che te nahi ja, paraMtu bhaNelA paMDite kare te ane paMDite eTale vikRta dRSTivALI ane tenI ja sAthe, pote kadI bhUla na kare evA ati jAtavizvAsavALI vyaktio. kalAvivecana ane kalAkAro vaccenA saMbaMdha vize vAta karatAM eka mArA mitre ardha mazkarImAM e saMbaMdhanI AvI vyAkhyA kahI - "DAhyAonI carcA karanArA je murkhAo, te vivecako". A vyAkhyA game tevI ekataraphI, aceksa ane uddhata haze, chatAM kAMIka aMze te sAcI che; ane kalAkRtione samajAvI zake te vivecaka, ema manAvAtI vyAkhyA karatAM, A vyAkhyA kyAMya vadhAre nyAyI ke yogya che. "kalAvivecako samajAve che !" teo zuM samajAve che ? klAkAra jo kharo kalAkAra hoya to teNe pote anubhavelI lAgaNI bIjAone pahoMcADI ja hoya. pachI temAM samajAvavAnuM zuM bAkI rahe?

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nalIpaNAnAM traNa kAraNeA 103 jo kalAkRti sArI hoya, te kalAkAre temAM vyakta karelI lAgaNI nIti-anIti-maya jevI hoya tevI -- peAtAnI meLe bIjA lokone pahoMce che. ema tenI lAgaNI jo bIjAne pahoMce, te te tene anubhave ja; eTale pachI vivecakanI badhI samajUtI nakAmI che. jo kRti lokone cepe nahi, to pachI koI paNa samajUtI tene cepaka karI nahi zake. (kharA) kalAkAranI kRtino artha - e tA na samajAvI zakAya evI vastu che. je artha pahoMcADavA teNe icchayuM hAya tene jo zabdomAM samajAvavuM banI zakata, to kalAkAra peAte ja tene zabdomAM vyakta karata. teNe te vastune potAnI kaLAthI vyakta karI te eTalA ja mATe ke, tenA anubhavanI lAgaNI bIjI koI rIte vahana thaI zake evI ja nahotI. zabdothI kalAkRtionA artha kADhI ApavA e eTaluM ja batAve che ke, tema karanAro arthakAra pote ja kaLAthI cepAvA mATe azakta che. ane vastuta: paNa ema ja che; kema ke, game tevI vicitra lAge chatAM vAta ema che ke, kalAthI cepAvAnI zaktimAM vivecako hameza bIjA lokothI UtaratA hoya che. ghaNe bhAge teo zaktizALI, catura ane bhaNelA lekhako hoya che; paraMtu kaLAthI cepAvAnI temanI tAkAta taddana vikRta ke sAva bUThI thaI gayelI hoya che. tethI karIne, temanAM lakhANa vAMcanArI ne temAM vizvAsa karanArI janatAnI ruci bagADavAmAM hameza temaNe ghaNA phALA ApyA che ane hajI Ape che. je samAjomAM kaLA akhaMDa avibhakta che, ane tethI karIne jyAM tenI kadara samasta prajAnI sarvasAdhAraNa dhArmika jIvanadRSTithI thAya che, te samAjomAM kalAvivecana nahAtuM, na hAI zakatuM ane na hoIzake. pAtAnA samayanI dharmabhAvanA nahi svIkAranAra evA upalA vargonI kaLA upara ja kalAvivecana janmyuM ane janmI zakayuM. sArvabhauma kaLAne cAkasa ane ni:zaMka evI pAtAnI AMtarika kaseATI hoya che--dharmapratItinI, dharmadRSTinI. upalA varganI kaLAmAM A khUTatI hoya che, ane tethI te kaLAnA kadaradAne ne koka bAhya kasoTIne vaLagavuM paDe che. ane te temane (eka aMgreja kalAmImAMsakanA zabdomAM

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104 kaLA eTale zuM? kahuM chuM -) "uttama ucheranA lokanA nirNayo"mAMthI, eTale ke, bhaNelA gaNAtA loka je TharAve te parathI maLe che eTaluM ja mAtra nahi, tevA nirNayonI praNAlImAMthI paNa maLe che. A praNAlI ati bhrAmaka hoSa che; kema ke, uttama ucheranA" lokanA mato ghaNI vAra bhUlabharelA hoya che; ane e kAraNe paNa ke, eka vAranA sAcA nirNayo kAlAntare tevA maTI jAya che. paraMtu, potAnA nirNayo bAMdhavAne mATe vivecako pAse kasoTIno kazo pAyo hoto nathI, eTale teo kadI potAnI rUDha praNAlIo pharI pharI Thekaye rAkhyA vagara rahetA nathI. prAcIna (grIka romana i0) karuNAnta nATakakAro eka kALe sArA gaNAtA, tethI vivecana hajI sudhI temane sArA gaNe che. DenTe mahAkavi, rAphela mahAcitrakAra, bAka mahAsaMgItakAra gaNAtA ane kalAmAM sArAsAravivekanA potAnA dhoraNa vagaranA vivecako A klAkArone mahAna gaNe che eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu temanI badhI ja kRtione stutipAtra ane anukaraNIya mAne che. vivecane khaDAM karelAM AvAM pramANathI kaLAmAM jeTalI viparItatA peThI che ane hajI pese che, teTalI bIjA kazAthI nathI AvI ane hajI nathI AvatI. kharo kalAkAra varte te pramANe, eka jaNa potAnA anubhavanI lAgaNIne potAnI khAsa paddhatie vyakta karIne kalAkRti pedA kare che, ghaNAkharA loka kalAkAranI e lAgaNIthI cepAya che ane tenI e kalAkRti jANItI thAya che. pachI e klAkAranI carcA karatAM kalAvivecaka kahe che ke, enI kRti kharAba nathI, chatAM e kalAkAra DenTa ke zekasapiyara ke geTe ke rAphela ke (tenA chellA kALamAM jevo hato tevA) bithovana jevo nathI. eTale pelo Ugato navajuvAna klAkAra potAnI AgaLa anuraNane mATe dharAtA te kalAkAronI nakala karavA lAge che, ane pachI nabaLI ja nahi paNa khoTI nakaliyA kalAkRtio ja pedA kare che. dAkhalA tarIke, ApaNo puzkina laghu kAvyo ("ijenI onejina', "dha jipsIjha')ne kathAo lakhe che. te badhAM guNamAM ochAvattAM che, paraMtu badhAM sAcI kaLA che. paNa pachI zeksapiyarane vakhANatA khoTA vivecananI asara taLe AvI te "borisa goDUnovalakhe che, ke je

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nakalIpaNAnAM traNa kAraNeA 105 - ke, magajanuM ThaMDuM, khAlI pIMjaNa ja che; ane tene vivecako vAhavAha kahe che, namUnA tarIke dhare che, eTale tenI nakalo dekhA devA mAMDe che. jevI sTonskInI 'minIna', elekasI TaoNlsTaoNyanI 'jhAra bArisa'. ane mAla vagaranI najIvI evI nakalAnI nakalA badhAM sAhityAmAM bhIDa karI mUke che. vivecako je mukhya nukasAna kare che te A ke, kaLAthI cepAvAnI temanAmAM zakti ja hotI nathI; (ane A te badhAya vivecakonuM lakSaNa hoya che; kema ke, jo evI zakti temanAmAM khUTatI na hota, te azakaya evuM je kalAkRtionA artha samajAvavAnuM kAma, te karavAne teo mathI ja na zakata;) ane cepAvAnI zakti na hovAthI, te magajamArIthI yAjI kADhelI navI kalAkRtio tarapha peAtAnuM moTA bhAganuM dhyAna Ape che, ane temane vakhANe che tathA anusaravA jevA namUnA tarIke rajU kare che. sAhityamAM je te grIka karuNAnta nATakakArone, DaeNnTane, TaeNssAne, milTanane, zekasapiyarane, ane geTee lakhelAM badhAM lakhANone bhAre khAtarIpUrvaka vakhANe che; hAlanA navA lekhakomAM je teo jhAlA ane ibsenane UMce caDAve che; tathA saMgItamAM je te bithovananA aMtima kALane ane vaeNgnarane vakhANe che, - tenuM kAraNa A che. ThaMDI magajamArInA pIMjaNathI zeAdhelI A kalAkRtionAM pAte karelAM vakhANAne vAjabI TharAvavA te taddana navA kalAvAdo race che; (pelA prakhyAta sauMdaryavAda emAMnA eka che.) ane maMdabuddhi ja nahi, buddhizALI loko paNa A vAdAnuM kaDaka pAlana karI kRti race che; ane ghaNI vAra teA sAcA klAkAro paNa potAnI sahaja pratibhA upara atyAcAra karI temane vaza thAya che. TIkAkAro je je khATI kalAkRtine vakhANe che te dareka vaDe kalAnA daMbhIonAM ToLAMne kaLAkSetramAM ghUsavAnuM eka eka dvAra maLI jAya che. vivecako Aje paNa prAcInAmAM sAphokalIsa, yuripiDIjha, eskAilasa, ane khAsa karIne eNrisTophenIjha - A prAcIna grIkonI, jaMgalI tathA aziSTa ane ghaNI vAra ApaNe mATe arthahIna, evI kRtionI stuti gAya che; ane AdhunikomAM lekhako tarIke DaeNnTa, TaeNssA, milTana,

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kaLA eTale zuM? zeksapiyarane; citrakaLAmAM rAphelanA badhA kAmane ane lAsTa jajamenTa, jevA behUdA citra sudhdhAMnAM mAikala eNjelonA badhA kAmane; ane saMgItamAM Akho bAka, ane tenA aMtima kALa sudhdhAMnA AkhA bivanane;- vakhANe che. Aje lekhakomAM ibsane ne meTaraliko ne vane ne mAlArmIo ne yuvIsa da cevanI ne liMgaro ne bokalIne ne sTaka ne nIDaro; ane saMgItamAM vaiznara ne lIjhaTo ne baliojho, ne brAmyo ne rIcarDa sTraoNse vagere, tathA A badhA nakalakAronA nakAmA nakaliyAo je thokabaMdha pAkyA che, - te badhuM klAvivecakonAM uparanAM vakhANone AbhArI che. vivecananI AvI nukasAnakAraka asaranA eka sArA dRSTAMta tarIke bithovanano tenI sAtheno saMbaMdha lo. pitAnI kRtione upADa joI tenI mAga pramANe eNe asaMkhya kRtio utAvaLamAM racI kADhI che, temanuM bAhya rUpa kRtrimatAbharyuM hoya che; chatAM temAM sAcI kaLAkRtie che. paNa pachI te bahero thAya che, sAMbhaLI zakato nathI, ane navI yojI kADhelI ane kAcIpAkI kRtio racavA lAge che. mane khabara che ke, gAyako dhvaninI tAdRza kalpanA karI zake che, ane pote je vAMce te lagabhaga jANe sAMbhaLI zake che. paraMtu kAlpanika dhvani ane sAcA dhvani kadI eksarakhA na hoI zake, ane dareka saMgItakAre potAnI kRtine paripUrNa karavA mATe tene jAte sAMbhaLavI joIe. paNa bithovana sAMbhaLI zakato nahi, eTale potAnI kRtine paripUrNa karI zakato nahi; tethI karIne teNe je kRtio prasiddha karI te kalAkIya baDabaDATa ke lavAro che. paraMtu vivecana-jagate eka vAra ene eka mahAna saMgItakAra tarIke gaNyo, eTale AvI kAcI adhakacarI kRtione paNa te khAsa uchALAbhera jhaDapI le che, ane temAM asAdhAraNa suMdara vAtanI zodha karavA lAge che. ane AvI tenI stutionuM samarthana karavA, vivecako saMgItakalAno artha ja viparIta kare che, ane saMgIta je na varNavI zake te paNa varNavavAno temAM guNa Arope che. eTale pachI nakaliyAo dekhA de

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nakalIpaNanAM traNa kAraNe 107 che, ane bithovana bahero hato tyAre teNe kalAnirmANane mATe je adhakyarA AvA prayatno karelA tenI nakala karanArAnAM jhuMDa nIkaLI Ave che. - pachI vaeNgnara Ave che. zarUmAM te potAnA vivecananA lekhamAM bithovanane A ja aMtima kalA-yuga vakhANe che ! te A lekhathI bithovananA A saMgItane ane zopanahoranA saMgItaklAvAdane ekasAthe sAMdhI Ape che. zopenahArano vAda ema che ke, saMgIta e icchA ke saMka95zaktinuM vyaMjana ke AviSkAra che; judI judI bhUmikAmAM icchAzaktinAM je alaga alaga bAhya ne skUla rUpe pragaTa thAya che teno AviSkAra nahi, paraMtu saMka9pazaktinA arkane ja te AviSkAra che. tyAre A saMgItavAda pote ja bithovananA pelA saMgIta jevo behUdo che. paraMtu ema tenI joDe saMbaMdha batAvIne vaeNgna pachI A vAdane AdhAre potAnuM saMgIta race che, ane temAM vaLI vadhu bhUlabharelI paddhati e le che ke, te badhI kalAzAkhAone temAM bhegI kare che. vaiznara pachI vaLI navA nakalakAro Ave che ne kaLAtattvathI vaLI vadhAre ADA phaMTAya jAya che; jevA ke brAmsa, rIcarDa sTraoNsa, vagere. eTale tyAre, vivecananAM AvAM pariNAma che. paraMtu kalAmAM viparItatAnI trIjI zarata - kalAzikSaNanI zALAo, e to vivecana karatAMya hajI caDe evI nuksAnakAraka che. kalA AkhI prajAne mATe nahi paNa dhanika vargane mATe ja thaI tenI sAthe ja te eka dhaMdho banI. ane te dhaMdho banI, tenI sAthe ja tene zIkhavavAnI paddhatio yojAI; kalAno dhaMdho pasaMda karanArA loko A paddhatione zIkhavA lAgyA ane A rIte kalAnI dhaMdhAdArI nizALo janmI. pablika skUlamAM chaTAdAra bhASA ane vakatRtva tathA sAhityanA vargo jAgyA; citrazALAo, saMgItavidyAlayo ne nATayaklAnI paNa zALAo thaI. A zALAomAM kaLA zIkhavAya che! paraMtu kalA eTale kalAkAre pote khAsa anubhavelI lAgaNI bIjAone pahoMcAdhvI te. Ane zALAomAM zI rIte zIkhavI zakAya ?

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kaLA eTale zuM? koI zALA mANasamAM lAgaNI jagavI na zake; ane tene vyakta karavAne mATe je eka paddhati, ke je kalAkArane ja svAbhAvika hoya che, tene tA tethIya che aMze zIkhavI zake. paraMtu kalAnuM rahasya A vastuomAM raheluM che. A zALAo je ekamAtra vastu zIkhavI zake te e ke, bIjA kalAkAroe pote anubhavelI lAgaNIone je rIte vahana karI, te rIte temane vahana karavA mATe zuM karavuM. ane kalAnI dhaMdhAdArI zALAo je zIkhave che te A ja. ane AvuM zikSaNa kharI kalAnA pracArane madada karatuM nathI, paraMtu kalAnAM nakaliyAMnA pracAra karavA dvArA te kharI kaLA samajavAnI lokonI zaktine jevI harI le che, tevI bIjA kazAthI nathI harAtI. 108 sAhitya-kaLAmAM lokone zIkhavAya che ke, peAtAne kahevA jevuM lAge evuM kAMI pAse na hovA chatAM, jene pote kadI vicAre na karyA hAya evA viSaya upara, aneka pAnAM kevI rIte lakhavAM, ane vaLI evAM lakhavAM ke jethI pratiSThitamAM khapelA lekhakanI kRtine te lakhANa maLatuM Ave. zALAomAM A zIkhavAya che. citrazALAomAM mukhyatve sAme ApelAM mULacitro ke sAme mUkelA namUnA uparathI dAratAM ne raMgatAM zIkhavAnuM hoya che, jemAM nagna zarIra khAsa hoya che. ( paNa nagna zarIra evI vastu che, ke je kadI jovAmAM AvatI nathI, eTale kharI kaLAmAM rokAyelA mANasane bhAgye ja te cItaravuM * paDe che. ) uparAMta pUrvanA citraNAcAryo jevI rIte AlekhatA ke raMgatA, te paNa zIkhavAnuM hoya che. ane navAM citra nirmANa karavAnuM zIkhavavAnI rIta e hoya che ke, pUrvanA paMkAI cUkelA kalAkAronA vastu-viSayane maLatA viSayA vidyArthIone cItaravAne mATe ApavA. * meM sAMbhaLyuM che ke, citrazALAmAM zIkhavavAne mATe, nagna zarIrane namUne meLavavA sAru, vesyAne paisA ApI rAkavAmAM Ave che, ne citranA vidyArthIe e rIte kAma kare che. ma.

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nakalIpaNAnAM traNa kAraNe ane ema ja nATayakaLAnI zALAomAM che: prakhyAta manAyelA karuNa nATakanA naTo jema chaTAbaMdha potAnuM ekala saMbhASaNa bele tema bolI javAnuM te zALAnA vidyArthIone zIkhavAya che. tevuM ja saMgItamAM thAya che. saMgItakaLAno Akho siddhAMta, pramANa mAnelA tenA AcAryoe je paddhatio akhatiyAra karI, tenA asaMbaddha punarAvartana sivAya bIjuM kAMI ja nathI. raziyana kalAkAra brAila kalA viSe kareluM eka talasparzI vidhAna bIjI jagAe meM utAryuM che, tene ahIM paNa utAryA vagara rahevAnuM nathI; kema ke, zALAomAM zuM zIkhavI zakAya ane zuM na zIkhavI zakAya e batAvavA mATe bIjo sAro dAkhalo maLe ema nathI. eka vidyArthInA maneyatnane sudhAratAM brAilone thoDIka jagAe jarA hAtha calAvyo, tenAthI pelo kaMgALa muDadAla manoyatna lAgalo ja jIvaMta banI gayo ! A joIne eka vidyArthI kahe, "vAha, tame te jarAka ja aDakayA ane A to taddana bIjI ja cIja banI gaI !' brAilone javAba Apyo, "jayAM AgaLa e "jarAka' zarU thAya che tyAM kaLA zarU thAya che !" A zabdomAM brAilone kaLAnuM je kharekhara moTAmAM moTuM lakSaNa che te batAvyuM che. ane A vidhAna badhI kaLAone mATe sAcuM che; paraMtu enI pAkI satyatA saMgItamAM khAsa jovA maLe che. saMgItanI kRti kalAtmaka thAya - te kaLA bane, ene artha e ke, temAM cepa-zakti hovI joIe; tene sAru mukhya traNa zarato pALavI joIe. saMgItanI pUrNatA sAru bIjI te aneka bAbate joIe; jema ke, eka svarathI bIjA svara upara javAnuM rokAIne thAya ke ghasITathI cAlu rahe; dhvani sthiratAthI vadhavo ghaTavo joIe; amuka svara eka joDe maLe ne bIjA joDe nahi evI saMvAdi-visaMvAditA jovI joIe, dhvanimAM A ke te sUra hovo joIe; ane te uparAMta bIjuM aneka. paraMtu traNa mukhya bAbato te A che:- pIca (kakSA), laya, sUranuM

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110 kaLA eTale zuM? jora ke ghAMTAnI mAtrA. sUra joIe tenAthI vadhAre UMco nIco na hoya, eTale ke, joItA svaranuM apAra bArIkamAM bArIka sthAna barobara pakaDAya; te svara joItI mAtrAmAM ja laMbAvAya; ane dhvaninuM jora ke ghAMTo joIe tenAthI vattAochAM na hoya; - Ama thAya tyAre ja saMgItakRti kalA bane, eTale ke, te zretAne cepI zake. "pIca"(dhvaninI kakSA) Ama ke temAM jarAya Dage, mAtrAmAM jarAsarakhIya vadhaghaTa thAya, ke joIe tenAthI dhvaninuM jora jarA paNa vadhe ke nabaLuM paDe to te saMgItanI paripUrNatAne nAbUda kare ane pariNAme kRtinI cepazakti haNAya. eTale gAyaka jyAre saMgItanI pUrNatA mATe jarUrI evI pelI apAra jhINI bAbato prApta kare, tyAre ja sAdI ane taddana sulabha dekhAtI, saMgItakaLAnI pelI cepI lAgaNI ApaNane pahoMce che, ane ema ja bIjI badhI kalAomAM che : jarAka vadhu AchuM, jarAka vadhu gheruM, jarAka vadhu UMcuM ke nIcuM yA jamaNI bAju ke DAbI bAju - e citrakaLAmAM; jarAka nIco ke UMca avAja, jarAka jaladI ke dhIme - e nATayakaLAmAM; jarAka kAMIka choDAya, vadhArepaDato bhAra apAya ke atyukti thAya -e kAvyamAM - Ama thAya ke te te kalAnI cepazakti mArI jAya che. jayAre kalAkAra kalAnA prANarUpa evI A apAra jhINI bAbato prApta kare, tyAre ja ane teTalI ja tenAmAM cepa-zakti Ave che. ane bAhya sAdhanothI A apAra jhINI bAbate meLavavAnuM lokone zIkhavavuM e taddana asaMbhava che; e bArIkAIo te tyAre ja pAmI zakAya ke jyAre mANasa potAnI lAgaNIne ke bhAvanAne vaza thayo hoya. nartaka saMgItanI sAcI nADa barobara pakaDe, ke gAyaka vAdaka potAnA svaranuM bArIka sthAna barobara lAve, ke citrakAra zakya teTalI badhI rekhAomAMthI potAnI sAcI evI ekamAtra rekhA re, ke kavi joItA ja yogya zabdonI, pitAnI kRtimAM barobara yogya je eka jagA, te zodhI le - A kAma koI zikSaNa temanI pAse na karAvI zake. A badhuM mAtra lAgaNIthI ja sAMpaDI zake che. tethI kalA

Page #154
nakalIpaNAnAM traNa kAraNe zALAe kaLAne maLatuM kAMIka pedA karavA mATe jarUrI hoya te zIkhave to bhale, paraMtu khuda kaLAne te na zIkhavI zake. jayAM kaLAnuM A "jarAka sarakhuM" zarU thAya che, ane tethI karIne jyAM kalA pote zarU thAya che, tyAM zALAnuM zikSaNa thobhe che. kaLAne maLatA bhalatA kazAkanI Teva lokone pADavAmAM AvatAM kharI kaLAne pAmavAnI temanI Teva chUTI jAya che. ane dhaMdhAdArI kalAzALAomAM pasAra thayelA ne temAM bhAre saphaLatA meLavanArA karatAM vadhAre kalA-maMda koI hotA nathI ema je bane che, te AvI rIte. pAdarIo ane dharmazikSakone sAmAnyapaNe taiyAra karanArI dharmazikSaNanI kaoNlejo jema dharmamAM daMbha pedA kare che, tema ja barobara tene maLato kalAno daMbha dhaMdhAdArI klAzALAo pedA kare che. jemAM zALAmAM zIkhavIne mANasane dharmazikSaka banAvavo e asaMbhavita che, tema ja tene kalAkAra zI rIte thavuM e zIkhavavuM paNa asaMbhavita che. Ama kalAzALAo kalAnI bevaDI mAraka bane che: paheluM to e ke, temAM dAkhala thaI 7-8 varSano abhyAsakrama pasAra karavAno kamanasIbavALAnI sAcI kalA sarjavAnI zaktino te zALAe nAza kare che; bIjuM e ke, AmajanatAnI rucine vikRta karanArI ane ApaNI duniyAmAM UbharAye jatI evI je pelI nakaliyA kaLA, tenA thokanA thoka te zALAo pedA kare che. janmasiddha klAkAro pUrvenA kalAkAroe khIlavelI judI judI kalAnI paddhatio ke rItarasamo jANe teTalA mATe, badhI prAthamika zALAomAM citrakaLA ane saMgIta (gAyana)nA vargo hovA joIe, jethI karIne temAMthI pasAra thanAra dareka zaktizALI vidyArthI, saune sulabha evA hayAta namUnAno upayoga karI, svataMtrapaNe potAnI kalAmAM jAte pAvaradhA banI zake. arthAtu, klAkAro dhaMdhAdArI banyA, kalAnuM vivecana jANyuM, ne kalAzALAo UbhI thai, - A traNanI asara e thaI ke, ApaNA samayamAM ghaNA loko, kalA eTale zuM, te samajavA mATe paNa taddana azakta thaI gayA che, ane tenAM naryA nakaliyAMne kalA tarIke svIkAre che.

Page #155
13 kalAbhAsane AbAda namUne [ vaiznaranuM "nibelaMjana riMga"]. ApaNA maMDaLanA ne ApaNA samayanA loko kharI kaLA pAmavAnI zakti keTalI hada sudhI khAI beThA che, ane kaLA joDe jene kazuM ja maLatApaNuM nathI evI cIjone kaLA tarIke svIkAravA TevAyA che, te jovA mATe rIcarDa vaeNgnaranI kRtio uttama dAkhalo che hamaNAM hamaNAM te te ApaNI dRSTimAM navI ja kSitijo pragaTa karatI ghaNI sarvocca kaLA tarIke vadhAre ne vadhAre paMkAtI jAya che. ane te mAtra jarmanamAM ja nahi paNa phrenca ane aMgrejomAMya! vaeNgnaranA saMgItanI khAsiyata jANItI che; ane te e ke, saMgIte kAvyakRtinI badhI chAyAo vyakta karI, kavitAne madada karavI joIe, ema te mAnato. (Ane AdhAre) te oNperA (eTale ke saMgItayukta nATaka ) ne sudhAravA icche che; arthAt kAvyanI garaja pramANe saMgItane namatuM thavA daI tenI joDe eka karavA cAhe che. paraMtu dareka kalAne potAnuM cokasa amuka kSetra hoya che, je bIjI kalAonAM kSetro joDe ekarUpa nathI hotuM, paNa temane mAtra sparze che eTaluM ja. eTale aneka kaLAnI vAta choDe, paNa nATaya ane saMgIta e be ja kaLAonA AviSkArone eka pUrNa kRti tarIke bhegA karAya, to eka kaLAnI jarUra pUrI pADavAnuM bIjI kaLA mATe azakaya banI jAya. ane sAmAnya perAmAM jayAM nATayakalA saMgItane namatuM Ape che ke tene potAnI jagA pacAvI 112

Page #156
kalAbhAsane AbAda namUne 113 pADavA de che, tyAM hameza ema banyuM che. vaeNgnaranI evI IcchA che ke, saMgItakaLAe nATayakaLAne namatuM ApavuM ane beue purabahAra pragaTavuM joIe! paNa e to banI na zake, kAraNa ke dareka sAcI kalAkRti tenA kartAnI ati nikaTanI lAgaNIono AviSkAra che; te lAgaNIo tenI ja khAsa che ane tene maLatuM AvatuM bIjuM kazuM hotuM nathI. saMgIta ke nATakanI cIja jo kharekhara kalA hoya to te evAM ja hoya che. tethI eka kalAzAkhAnI cIja bIjI kalAzAkhAnI cIjane maLatI Ave tene sAru, azakayatAe zakaya thavuM joIe: be nokhAM kalAkSetronI be kRtio pUrepUrI asAmAnya ke advitIya ne apUrva hovI joIe, ane chatAM ekarUpa banI zake tevI barAbara ekasamAna hovI joIe! paNa A to banI na zake. be mANaso ke eka jhADanAM be pAna paNa sarakhAM na hoI zake, to pachI saMgIta ane sAhitya e be nokhI kalAzAkhAonI be kRtio taddana ekasamAna thAya, e to tenAthIya vadhu na banI zakanArI vAta thaI. Ama chatAM jo te ekarUpa bane, to bemAMthI eka kalAkRti hoya ane bIjI nakalI hoya athavA beu nakalI hoya. jhADanAM be sAcAM pAna ekarUpa na hoI zake, paNa be banAvaTI pAna sarakhAM hoya. ane ema ja kalAkRtionuMya che. teo pUrI ekarUpa tyAre ja thaI zake, jayAre bemAMthI eka kalA na hoya, paNa beu mAtra cAturIthI yojelA tenA AbhAsa ja hoya. bhajana, gIta ane madhyayugIna premazauryakathAomAM kAvya ane saMgIta bhegAM maLe che, joke temAM paNa (vaiznara icche che tema) kAvyanI lITI phare tenI keDe saMgIta pharatuM nathI, paNa saMgIta ane kAvya mana upara mAtra ekasarakhI asara pADe che eTaluM ja. te pramANe kAvya ne saMgIta bhegAM thAya che tenuM kAraNa e che ke, amuka aMze, gItakAvya ane saMgIta beune hetu ekasarakho che ke, amuka manodazA upajAvavI, ane e be vaDe pedA karAtI manodazA ochevatte aMze maLatI Ave che. paraMtu AvI rIte sadhAtAM joDANomAM paNa temanuM gurutvabiMdu hameza ke-8

Page #157
kaLA eTale zuM? bemAMthI eka kRtimAM hoya che, eTale kalAnI je chApa paDe che te temAMthI ekanI, ane bIjI to aNakhI rahe che, ane temAMya mahAkAvya ke nATaya-kAvyanuM saMgIta sAthe AvuM joDANa karavuM e te enAthIya ochuM saMbhavita che. vaLI kalA-sarjananI eka mukhya zarata e che ke, pahelethI vicArI rAkhelI koI paNa mAgathI klAkAra mukta hovo joIe. potAnI saMgItakRtine bIjA klAkSetranI kRti joDe jogavavAnI jarUra e evI jAtano pUrva-saMketa che ke, sarjanazaktine saMbhavamAtra te nAbUda kare. tethI haMmeza evuM bane che ke, AvA saMketathI jogavAyelI joDANa-kRti kalAkRtio nathI hotI ne hoya ja nahi, paraMtu meloDrAmAnA* saMgIta peThe, ke citronAM nAma yA pustakonAM citro ke perA nATakanI copaDIo peThe, te mAtra klAnI naklo ja hoya che. ane vaiznaranI kRtie AvI che. eno purAvo vaeNgnaranA navA saMgItamAM maLe che. dareka sAcI kulAkRtinuM mukhya lakSaNa e hoya che ke temAM evI akhaMDa paripUrNatA rahelI hoya ke tenA rUpamAM nAnAmAM nAno pheraphAra karAya te AkhI kRtinA arthamAM garabaDa pahoMce. jema eka jIvatA prANInuM ekAda aMga, tenA jIvanane hAni karyA vagara, tene sthAnethI laIne bIje kyAMya na mUkI zakAya, tema kAvya, nATaka, citra, gAyana-vAdana vagerenI sAcI kalAkRtimAM eka rekhA, eka dRzya, eka pAtra, ke eka svaranuM sthAna, AkhI kRtine artha acUka kathALI mUkyA vagara, AghuMpAchuM na karI zakAya. hareka sAcI kalAkRtine A je khAsa guNa, te vaiznaranA navA saMgItamAM khUTe che. . . . paraMtu, vaiznara mAtra saMgItakAra ja nathI, te kavi paNa che, yA beu sAthe che. tethI tene nyAya toLavA tenuM kAvya paNa jANavuM joIe. melaDAmA = bhavAI jevo halake eka nATakakAra.

Page #158
kalAbhAsane AbAda namUne 115 A kAvya eTale saMgIte jene namatuM ApI madada karavAnI rahe che te ja pelI vaeNgnaranI mukhya kAvyakRti "nibelaMjana riMga; eNe ApaNA jamAnAmAM eTaluM badhuM bhAre mahattva meLavyuM che ne haoNlamAM kalA kahevAtA upara enI evI to asara che ke, te zuM che ene thoDo khyAla darekane mATe jarUrI che. tenA cAre bhAga huM kALajIthI joI gayo chuM ne teno TUMko sAra kADhI puravaNImAM* Apyo che. uttama to e ke, vAcake te kAvya ja jovuM paNa te nahi te A mAro sAra to te jue evI mArI bhArapUrvaka salAha che; to ene A asAdhAraNa kRtino khyAla Avaze. te nakalI kalAbhAsane evo te Akho namUne che ke, te hAMsIpAtra paNa bane. paNa ema kahevAmAM Ave che ke, vaeNgnaranI kRtione raMgabhUmi para bhajavAtI joyA vinA temane nyAya Apavo asaMbhava che. A nATakano "bIjo divasa" tenA sArAmAM sAro bhAga che ema mane kahevAmAM AvyuM. gayA ziyALAmAM moskomAM te bhajavAyo tyAre huM te jovA gayo. tenI AlezAna nATayazALAmAM huM pahoMcyo tyAre nIcethI upara sudhI kayAranI te ThaTha bharAI cUkI hatI. prekSakomAM grenDa DayUko (moTAmAM moTA darajajAna umarAvo) ane umarAva-varga, vepArI-varga vidvAna-varga ane madhyamavargI amaladAra-janatAnA sauthI upalA loko hatA. ghaNAkharAnA hAthamAM nATakanI copaDI hatI, te vaDe teo teno artha pAmavA mathatA hatA. saMgItavido - keTalAka to dhoLA vALa thayelA moTerA loko - hAthamAM saMgItanI svaralipi-pothI sAthe rAkhI saMgIta sAMbhaLatA jatA hatA. A kRtinI bhajavaNI eka mahattvano banAva hate, e ughADuM dekhAtuM hatuM. huM jarA moDo Avyo hato. paraMtu aMkano bhajavAI cUkelo nAne pravezaka khAsa mahattvane na hoI, meM khAsa beyuM nahotuM, ema ja A prakaraNane aMte te puravaNane sAra TUMkAvIne Apyo che te juo. -ma.

Page #159
113 kaLA eTale zuM? ... mane kahevAmAM AvyuM. e aMka pUro meM joyo. je prazna nakkI karavA huM thiyeTaramAM AvyA hatA, te viSe mAro mata pUro baMdhAyo. mArA oLakhANanI pelI bAIe tenI navalakthAmAMthI pelA UDatA vALavALI kumArikAnuM dRzya vAMcI saMbhaLAveluM ne te parathI e viSe jevA mata nakkI thayelA, tevuM ja ahIM paNa banyuM. . . . pachI huM javA icchatA hatA, paraMtu mArA sAthI-mitroe kahyu ke, eka aMka parathI mata na baMdhAI zake, ane bIjA vadhAre sAro bhajavAze, mATe mAre rokAvuM. e parathI huM bIjo aMka beThA. . . paheluM dRzya pUruM karyuM. jema tema karIne bIjuM dRzya paNa beTho. paNa pachIthI mArAthI na jIravAyuM ne huM tyAMthI bhAgyo, ne te evI sUganI lAgaNIthI ke, te huM hajI bhUlI zakatA nathI ! * A oNperA jotI vakhate, ApeAApa, mane eka mAnanIya, DAhyA, bhaNelA, gAmaThI majUranA vicAra AvyA. kheDUtomAM enA jevA DAhyA ne kharekhara dharmabhAvanAvALA aneka lAkane huM oLakhuM chuM, temAMnA e eka che. te dahADe huM je jotA hatA te jovAmAM e hAya to tene kevI bhayaMkara mUMjhavaNa thAya, enI huM mArA manamAM kalpanA karatA hatA. AvA nATaka para kharcAyelI badhI mahenata-majUrI virSe te jANe, ane temAM bhajavAtI mUrkhatAone dhyAnapUrvaka tathA zAMtithI ~~~ lAgalAgaTa pAMca kalAka sudhI ! - jotA ne sAMbhaLatA prekSakavarganA pelA tAla ne paLiyAMvALA meATA moTA lokone te bhalA mANasa jue, (ke jemane mAna ApavAnI tene Teva pADavAmAM AvI che,) te te zuM vicAre? pukhta majUra nahi, paNa sAta varSa uparanuM bALakeya AvI mUrkha asaMgata parIkathA jovA rokAya, e bhAgye ja kalpI zakAya evI vAta che. ane chatAM eka jabarI meATI saMkhyA, sudharelA upalA vargonuM khamIra gaNAtA loko, A gAMDA nATakamAM pAMca kalAka bese che ane * AgaLa AvI gayelA A ullekha--jIe prakaraNa 11, pA, 88. 1

Page #160
kalAbhAsane AbAda namUne tyAMthI ema mAnatA cAlyA jAya che ke, A mUrkhatAne mAna ApavAthI pitAne AgaLa vadhelA ne zAnI mAnavAno vaLI navo haka maLe che! A meM moskonA lekanI vAta karI. paNa te keTalA alpa? te nATakane janArAono mAtra sAme ja bhAga ! A nATaka paheluM bhajavAyuM tyAre potAne bhAre saMskArI mAnatA loko duniyAne cheDethI te gAma ekaThA thayA, ane mAno ke mAthA dITha dareke 100 pAunDa e jovA pAchaLa kharcA, ane A mUrkhatAbharyA kacarAne jovA-sAMbhaLavA lAgalagATa cAra divasa roja cha cha klAka Asana mAMDIne beThA ! paNa A loko zuM kAma gayA? hajI zuM kAma jAya che? ane tene vakhANe che kema? svAbhAvika rIte prazna UThe che - vaeNgnaranI kRtionI saphaLatAnuM kAraNa zuM ? A saphaLatAnuM kAraNa mArA manamAM huM Ama goThavuM chuM- vaiznara pAse eka rAjAnA jeTalI samRddhi hAjara hatI; e tenI khAsa sthitine laIne, nakkI kaLAnI, lAMbA vAparathI ghaDAIne vikasAvavAmAM AvelI badhI paddhatio te akhatiyAra karI zakyo; ane bhAre zaktithI temane kAmamAM laIne teNe nakalI kaLAnI namUnedAra kRti ghaDI. meM je A kRtine dRSTAMta tarIke pasaMda karI te AthI ja - mArI jANanA bIjA koI nakalI kaLAnA namUnAmAM, tene sAdhavAnI agAu me gaNAvelI badhI paddhatio (uchInuM levuM, asara pADavI, ne rasika karavuM) ATalI anukaraNazaktithI ne joradAra rIte ekasAthe bhegI maLI nathI.* . loko kahe che, "vaeNranuM A nATaka paheluM beIrUthamAM bhajavAyuM te joyA vagara tame teno nyAya na karI zako: zuM orgesTrA-vAghamaMDaLa AkhuM raMgabhUmi nIce dekhAya nahi tema tyAre rAkheluM, ane zo bhajavaNIne ThATha pUrepUro sajAyo hato !" eTale ke, ahIM kaLAno prazna nathI, paNa ke ahIM AgaLa cheDelA bhAgamAM TolsToya e ara paddhatinA vaiznare prastuta kRtimAM karelA upaganA dAkhalA Ape che. -ma. . *

Page #161
118 - kaLA eTale zuM? hipnoTIjhama-vazIkasano prazna che, e A uparathI barobara sAbita thAya che. pretAtmAvAdIo* Ama ja kahe che. temanA pretAtmAonI satyatAnI khAtarI karAvavA te sAmAnyata: kahe che, "tame nyAya karI na zako, tamAre e ajamAvI jovuM joIe, ane tenA aneka prayogomAM hAjara rahevuM joIe." eTale ke, tame Avo ane aMdhArAmAM cUpakIthI, kalAko sudhI, ardha gAMDA loko joDe eka oraDImAM bese. ane Ama daseka vAra karo, eTale ame joIe chIe te tamane dekhAze. - hAsto, svAbhAvika rIte! evI dazAmAM tame goThavAo; ane iccho te tame juo ja. paraMtu dArU pIdhe ke aphINa tAye A dazA to tethIya jaladI meLavI zakAya. vaeNgnaranuM operA sAMbhaLavAmAMya Ama ja bane che. cAra divasa sudhI tame aMdhArAmAM, mananI taddana samadazAmAM nahi evA loko joDe bese, kAnanI nADIone uzkeravA pUrA yogya evA sUronI jaladamAM jalada kriyA te nADIo vATe tamArA magaja para thavA do, to ni:zaMka tameya viSama manodazAvALA banaze, ane te behUdagI para vArI jazo. paraMtu A sAdhavAne cAra dahADAnIya jarUra nathI; te nATakano eka divasa' bhajavavA mATe (moskomAM thayuM tema) pAMca kalAka ja sAva pUratA che. pAMceya zuM kAma? je lokone kalA kevI hovI joIe, e vize spaSTa khyAla nathI, ane jemaNe agAuthI nirNaya bAMdhI lIdho che ke, je jovAne ApaNe jaIe chIe te uttama che ane te kRti pratye upekSA ke asaMtoSa batAvo e potAnI nAmanAnI ane saMskAritAmAM UNapanI sAbitIrUpa che, tevA lokone mATe te eka kalAkeya basa che. A bhajavaNImAM hAjara rahelA prekSakone meM nihALelA hatA. AkhA prekSaka vargane doranArA ane dhaDa ApanAra gaNAya evA loko pahelethI maMtramugdha thaI gayA hatA, ane ema vaza thaIne javAnI Teva paDI gayelI, eTale, temanI evI asvastha dazAmAM, vAhavAha karavAmAM - "spiricyuM eNliTa': marelA lokonA jIvane amuka vAhana dvArA AhavAna karI temanI joDe anusaMdhAna karI zakAya evI mAnyatAvALA leke.

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kalAbhAsane AbAda namUne 119 teo pUrA garaka thayA hatA. te uparAMta kalAvivecako, ke jemanI pAse kalAthI cepAvAnI zakti hotI nathI, tethI vaeNranA oNperA jevI, naryA buddhinA khela jevI kRtione jeo khAsa pasaMda kare che, - evA te badhA vivecako paNa tarkanA ghoDA doDAvavAne mATe AvI mabalaka sAmagrI pUrI pADatI kRtine, bhAre jJAnabhAranI gahanatApUrvaka, potAnI saMmati Ape che. ane A be maMDaLanI pAchaLa, kalA viSe beparavA, tenAthI cepAvAnI zakti vize vikRta ane kAMIka aMze te bahera paNa mArI gayelI, evuM peluM moTuM zaherI ToLuM jAya che. temAM mokhare hoya che rAjakumAro, karoDAdhipatio ane kalApatio (ArTapeTrana"); zikAramAM niSphaLa gayelA khinna kUtarAonI peThe, teo potAnA mata sauthI moTe ne makkamatAthI batAvanArAnI paDakhe vaLagyA rahe che. jemano mata temane sattAvAra lAge che temanI pAsethI taratamAM sAMbhaLIne tene teo jude rUpe gAyA kare che, ane kahe che, "oho, jarUra! zI kavitA! kyA khUba ! khAsa te pelAM pakSI"; "hA hA, huM to vArI gayo chuM!" ane jo keTalAka loko A AkhA tamAsAnAM behUdagI ane banAvaTIpaNAthI samasame, topaNa DaranA mAryA, pIdhela ToLAmAM sapaDAyelA nA-pIdhelA ane ThekANA-vALA mANasa DarIne cUpa rahe che tema, teo cUpa rahe che. ane A pramANe, A artha vagaranI aziSTa, nakalI kRti, kalA sAthe tene kAMI maLatApaNuM na hovA chatAM, nakala utAravAnI potAnI AbAda AvaDatane laIne, AkhI duniyAmAM mAnyatA pAme che, tene bhajavavA pAchaLa lAkho rUbala kharcAya che, ane upalA varganA lokonI ruci ane temanA kalAnA khyAlane vikRta karavAmAM vadhu ne vadhu madada kare che.

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puravaNI [asaranI sadarahu nATakanI kathA] nibelaMjana riMga'nuM vastu AvuM che - pahelo bhAga jaNAve che ke, hAina nadInI putrIo, (je parIo che) amuka kAraNathI nadImAM senuM che tenI rakSA kare che ane gAya che . . . . A gAtI parIe keDe eka vAmana paDe che ne temane pakaDavA mAge che. ekene te pakaDI zakato nathI. pachI tenuM sAcavanArI te parIo, pite jene chAnuM ja rAkhavuM joIe, te ja pelA vAmanane kahI de che. je koI premane tyAga karaze, te A senAne cerI jaI zakaze. eTale vAmana prema tyaje che ne peluM senuM corI jAya che. Ama prathama dRzya pUruM thayuM. bIjA dazyamAM eka deva ne devI Ave che. rAkSasee temane mATe bAMdhelA eka gaDha pAsenA medAnamAM teo sUtAM che. evAmAM teo jAge che ne gaDha joIne rAjI thAya che. rAkSase kahe che ke, A gaDha bAMdhavA mATe mahenatANAmAM amane tArI devI (tenuM nAma che kriyA) ApavI joIe. paNa pele deva (tenuM nAma che veMTanI kriyAne choDavA taiyAra nathI. rAkSase gusse thAya che. devone khabara paDe che ke, vAmane senuM coryuM che. teo vacana Ape che ke, te cArIne mAla japta karI temAMthI rAkSasane rIjhavIzuM. paNa rAkSase vizvAsa karatA nathI ne kriyAne bAMyadharI tarIke pakaDI le che. trIju dazya pAtALamAM che. senA-cora pelA vAmananuM nAma AberIka che. kazAka kAraNe te bIjA eka, mAIma nAme, vAmanane mAre che, ane tenI pAsethI eka jAduI Tepa laI le che. te Tepa e che ke, te vaDe leka alepa thaI jAya ane pazu banI jAya. UMTana ne bIjA de Ave che ne mAMhomAMhe tathA vAmane joDe laDe che, ne senuM levA icche che. paNa AberIka te cheDate nathI, ane AkhA nATakamAM bIje badhAM pAtro peThe, pote ja kharAba thAya evI rIte varte che. te pele jAduI Topa paherI pahele 120

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kalAbhAsane AbAda namUne 121 mATe nAga bane che, ne pachI bane che deDake. devo deDakAne pakaDe che, tenA para Tepa khaseDI le che, ane ema AberIkane pitAnI sAthe laI jAya che. cethuM dazya -deva AberIkane potAne ghera lAve che ne hukama kare che ke, "tArA veMtiyAone pharamAva ke badhuM senuM amane lAvI Ape." veMtiyA te lAve che. A berIka senuM choDe che, paNa eka jAduI vIMTI rAkhe che. deve te vIMTI laI le che. eTale AberIka vIMTIne zApa de che ne kahe che ke, enA rAkhanArA harakoInuM te bhUMDuM kare. kriyA devIne laIne have pelA rAkSasa Ave che ane senuM mAge che. senuM kriyAnI UMcAI jevaDA pI5 jeTaluM bharIne joIe, paNa teTaluM thatuM nathI, eTale pele Tepa temAM naMkhAya che. ne rAkSaso jAduI vIMTIca mAge che, paNa veMTana te ApavA nA pADe che. paNa erDo nAme devI Ave che ne tene ApavA pharamAve che, kema ke te kharAba zApavALI che. vaiTana Ape che. kriyA chUTe che. vIMTI laIne rAkSaso mAhomAMhe laDe che ane temAM ekane bIje mArI nAMkhe che. Ama pravezaka pUro thaye; "pahele divasa" pachI Ave che. dRzya eka jhADanI aMdaranuM ghara che. sigmanDa thAkIne aMdara ghUse che ne sUI jAya che. (hanDiga nAmano mANasa gharadhaNI che; gharadhaNiyANI siglindA nAme che.) gharadhaNiyANI ene eka davAI pINuM pAya che ane teo premamAM paDe che. evAmAM gharadhaNI ghera Ave che. tene khabara paDe che ke, sigmanDa zatruno che; tethI bIje divase tenI joDe laDavA icche che. paNa siglindA patine davAthI ghenamAM nAMkhe che ne pachI sigmanDa pAse Ave che. sigmanDane khabara paDe che ke, siglindA tenI bahena che, ane tenA pitAe jhADamAM talavAra khosI che, ke je kaMI kADhI zakatuM nathI. sigmanDa te kheMcI kADhe che ne bahena joDe vyabhicAra kare che. aMka bIje - sigmanDa hanDiganuM yuddha. devo vicAra kare che ke, bemAMthI kone vijaya bakSa. Tana sigmanDanuM bahena-gamana maMjUra rAkhI tene bacAvavA mAge che, paNa tenI patnI kriyAnA dabANathI te vAlkIrI buhichAne AjJA kare che ke, sigmanDane mArI nAMkho. sigmanDa laDavA jAya che siglindA mUcha khAI jAya che. brUhUiDA Ave che ne sigmanDane mAravA cAhe che. sigmanDa sindiAneya mArI nAMkhavA cAhe che. paNa buhilDA te nA kahe che, ne te hanDiga joDe laDe che. buzlillA sigmanDane bacAve che,

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1rara kaLA eTale zuM? - paNa Tana hanDingane.sigmanDanI talavAra bhAgI jAya che ne te mAryo jAya che. siglindA nAsI jAya che. aMka trIja- vAlkIrIo (eka jAtanI devatAo) raMgabhUmi para Ave che. vAlkIrI buhilDA ghoDA upara besI praveza kare che. sAthe sigmanDanuM zaba che. te laeNTanathI bhAgI Ave che, kema ke teNe tenI AjJA na mAnI tethI pakaDavA vaMTana keDe paDyo che. vaeNTana tene pakaDI pADe che ane tene vAcharI-padethI rajA ApI de che; enA para maMtra paNa nAkhe che. te e ke, eka puruSa AvIne tene na jagADe tyAM sudhI tene UMdhI rahevuM paDe, je jagADe te tenA premamAM paDe. Tana tene cuMbe che ne te pilI UMghamAM paDe che; ane pachI tenI tarapha agninI vADa mUke che. have "bIjo divasa" Ave che. pile mAIma vAmana jaMgalamAM eka talavAra ghaDe che. tyAM sikkaDa Ave che. A sikkIte pelAM bhAIbahenanA vyabhicArane jamele kare. pilA vAmane tene A jaMgalamAM ucherIne meTe karyo che. A kRtimAM eka sAmAnya niyama che ke, dareka pAtranAM kAryonA prajana sAva samajAtAM nathI. siRIDa potAnA janma viSe jANe che, ane tene khabara paDe che ke, bhAgelI talavAra tenA bApanI che. mAImane te pharI ghaDavA pharamAvIne cAlyo jAya che. veMTana deva eka musApharaveze Ave che ne kahe che ke, bhayane je jANatA ja nathI te A talavAra ghaDI zakaze ne darekane harAvaze. pele vAmana anumAne che ke, A mANasa sikkaDa che; tene jhera ApavA tAke che. sikkIDa pAcho Ave che, pitAnI talavAra ghaDe che, ne bUma ... pADate pADate deDI jAya che. have bIjo aMka zarU - AberIka eka rAkSasanI rakSA karate beTho che. mahA nAgane rUpe A rAkSasa tene maLeluM peluM sonuM sAcave che. vATana AvIne koIka ajJAta kAraNe bhAkhe che ke, sikkIDa Avaze ne mahAnAgane mArI nAkhaze. AberIka nAga jagADe che ne pelI vIMTI mAge che, ne vacana Ape che ke, sikkIDathI tene bacAvIza. nAga vIMTI ApatA nathI; AberIka cAlyA jAya che. mAIma ne sidbhIDa Ave che. mAImane evI AzA che ke, nAga sidbhIDane bIvAnuM zIkhavaze. paNa sinkrIDa te bIte nathI. te mAImane bhagADI kADhe che ne nAgane mAre che, ne tenA lohIvALI pitAnI AMgaLI heThe aDADe che. AthI tenAmAM lekanA mananA vicAre ne pakSIbhASA jANavAnI zakti pragaTe che. pakSIo tene senuM ne vIMTI kayAM che te

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kalAbhAsane AbAda namUne kahe che; ne e paNa kahe che ke, mAIma tane jhera ApavA mAge che. mAIma pAchA Ave che ne jorathI kahe che ke, pote sikkIDane jhera devA mAge che. Ano artha e batAvavA mATe che ke, sinkrIDe nAganuM lohI cAkhyuM eTale lokanA gupta vicAro jANe che. mAImano IrAde jAye sikkaDa tene mArI nAkhe che. pakSIo tene brahuilDA kyAM che e kahe che ne te tenI kheALamAM nIkaLe che. a ka trIja-vaMTana erDone bolAve che. eDa vaoNTana AgaLa bhaviSya bhAkhe che ne tene salAha Ape che. sikkaDa Ave che. viTana joDe jhaghaDe che, ane be laDe che. ociMtI sikkIDanI talavArathI vaoNTanano bhAle bhAgI jAya che, ke je sau karatAM vadhAre majabUta kahevAte.sikkaDa agnirakSAmAM jaI bulphinDAne cUma che; te jAge che, potAnI devatAI choDI de che, ne simphIDane bheTe che. trIje divasa- pravezaka- traNa "nauna'(nau svIDanamAM manAtI vidhAtA devIo) eka senerI deraDuM bhAge che ane bhaviSyanI vAta kare che. teo cAlyAM jAya che. siIDa ne bulphilDA Ave che. sikkaDa tene vIMTI ApI rajA laIne jAya che. aMka 1-hAina pAse. eka rAjA paraNavA mAge che, ne potAnI bahenaneca paraNuMvavI che. rAjAne duSTa bhAI hegana karIne che te evI salAha Ape che ke, te eNnduillAne paraNa ne bahenane paraNava sidbhIDane. sikkaDa Ave che. teo tene davAI pINuM pAya che, tethI te bhUtakALa badhe bhUlI jAya che ne rAjAnI bahena galUnanA premamAM paDe che. tethI te rAjA gaMthara jaDe ghaDA para nIkaLI paDe che,- branphilDAne tenI joDe paraNAvavA. dakSya ahIM badalAya che. buhilDA vIMTI laIne beThI che. eka vAlkIrI AvIne tene kahe che ke, vaoNTanano bhAle bhAgI gaye che, ne tene salAha Ape che ke, pelI vIMTI have tuM hAinanI parIone Apa. sikkaDa Ave che ane pelA jAduI TepathI gaMthara banI jAya che, eNhiDA pAse vIMTI mAge che, te laI le che ne tenI joDe sUvA ghasaDI jAya che. eka bIja- hAina pAse AberIka ane hegana vicAra kare che ke kema karIne vIMTI levI. sinkrIDa Ave che, ne gaMthara mATe kema karatAM teNe kanyA ANuM e, ane tenI joDe rAta gALI paNa vacce talavAra mUkIne, e jaNAve che. vhillA ghoDA para Ave che. sikkIDanA hAtha para vIMTI

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1ra4 kaLA eTale zuM? oLakhe che, te kahe che ke, mArI joDe gathara nahi paNa singrIDa hatA. haeNgana darekane sigrIDa sAme uzkere che ne kAle zikAra vakhate tene mAravA TharAve che. aMka trIjo --hAinanI parIe pAchI zuM banyuM che te kahe che. bhUle paDelA sigrIDa Ave che. parIe tenI pAse vIMTI mAge che, paNa te zene Ape ! zikArIe Ave che. sigrIDa peAtAnI jIvanakathA kahe che. pachI hegana tene kAMIka pAya che, jethI tenI cAdadAsta pAchI Ave che. siIDa, gruhilDAne kema jagavI ne meLavI, e kahe che; saune AzcayaeN thAya che. hegana tene pUMTha para dhA kare che, ane dRzya badalAya che. gana signIDanuM zakha jue che. gaMthara ane hegana vIMTI mATe laDeche; ane hegana gaMtharane mArI nAkhe che. zrRthiDA raDe che. hegana signIDanA hAtha parathI vIMTI levA jAya che, paNa rAmanA hAtha sAme mAravA UThe che. zruthilDA tenA hAtha parathI vIMTI le che, ane jyAre sigrIDanuM zakha citA para laI jAya che tyAre gheADA para besIne te agnimAM kUdI paDe che, hAinanAM jala UMcAM Ave che ne tenAM meAAM citAe pahoMce che. nadImAM traNa parIe che. hegana vIMTIne mATe agnimAM kUdI paDe che, paNa parIe tene pakaDI le che ne laI jAya che. temAMnI eka parI vIMTI jhAlI rAkhe che; ane Ama A kissA pUrA thAya che. alabatta, meM (TaoNlsTaoNye) ApelA sAra parathI paDatI chApa adhUrI che; paNa te game teTalI adhUrI hoya, chatAM A kRti je cAra bhAgamAM chapAI che te vAMcatAM je chApa maLe che tenA karatAM, cAsa, mAre tene sAra anaMta gaNI sArI chApa pADe che.

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14 kaDavuM chatAM sAcuM tyAre A che : mane khabara che ke, ghaNAkharA mANasA,- ane te hoziyAra gaNAtA ja nahi, paNa ati hoziyAra hoya ane agharAmAM agharA vaijJAnika, gaNitI ke philasUphika prazno samajavA zaktimAna hoya tevA mANasA paNa,-- sAdAmAM sAdu ne ughADAmAM ughADuM satya paNa jo evuM hoya ke te svIkAryuM, pAte kadAca ghaNI muzkelIthI ghaDelA nirNayo,-- evA nirNayA ke jemane mATe te abhimAna letA heAya, je temaNe bIjAne zIkhavyA hoya, jemanA upara potAnA jIvananI imArata racI hAya,-- AvA nirNayA khATA che ema jo temane kabUla karavuM paDe, te teo bhAgye ja te satya joI zake che. tethI karIne, ApaNA samAjamAM klA ane surucinI thayelI viparItatA viSe huM je mImAMsA rajU karuM chuM, te svIkArAze ke gaMbhIratAthI tenA vicAra paNa thaze ke kema, e viSe mane AchI ja AzA che. chatAM kalAnA praznane aMge saMzAdhana karatAM je anivArya nirNaya upara te mane laI gayuM che, te mAre pUrepUro kahevA joIe : kalA A saMzodhanathI mane khAtarI thaI che ke, ApaNA samAja jene sArI klA klA-samasta gaNe che, lagabhaga te badhuM kharI ke sArI ke samasta kyA hAvAnuM te kayAMya rahyuM, te muddala klA ja nathI, paNa tenI nakalamAtra che. mane khabara che ke, A vicAra-sthiti ati vicitra ane avaLI ja lAgaze. paraMtu eka vAra jo ApaNe svIkArIe ke, klA eka mAnava-pravRtti che, tenA dvArA keTalAka loko pAtAnI lAgaNI bIjAne pahoMcADe che, ( te sauMdaryanI dAsI ke sevaka nathI, ke parama bhAvanA AviSkAra vagere nathI ), te pachI avazya ApaNe tenI AgaLanA A 125

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123 kaLA eTale zuM? nirNaya paNa svIkArA ja paDaze. kalA evI pravRtti che, ke je dvArA eka mANasa amuka lAgaNI anubhavIne irAdApUrvaka bIjAne pahoMcADe che, A vidhAna jo sAcuM hoya, te avazya ApaNe AgaLa paNa ATaluM kabUla karavuM paDe ke, potAne kalAkRti manAvatAM badhAM navalo, vArtAo, nATako, 'komeDI', citro, pUtaLAM, gAyana-vAdano, nAnAM moTAM AperA, baeNleTo, vagere badhuM, ke je ApaNAmAM (upalA vargonI) kaLA kahevAya che, temAMnA bhAgye lAkhameA bhAga kartAe anubhavelI UrmimAMthI jharatA hoya che; bAkInA badhA bhAga kalAnAM mAtra banAvaTI nakaliyAM ja hoya che, ke jemAM uchItApaNuM, anukaraNa, asaro, ane rasa, e vastu lAgaNInI chApa ke tenA cepanI. jagA le che. kharI kalAkRtio ane nakaliyAM vaccenuM pramANa keTalAya lAkhamAM eka jeTaluM ke tethIya vadhAre ochuM hoya che, te nIcenI gaNatarI parathI dekhAya evuM che. meM kayAka vAMcyuM che ke, ekalA pArIsamAM 30,000 citrakAro haze. lagabhaga teTalA ja IMglaeNMDamAM, jarmanImAM ane raziyA iTAlI tathA bIjAM nAnAM rAjyAmAM maLIne, darekamAM haze. eTale kaho ke, yuropabharamAM kula aMdAje 1,20,000 citrakAro haze. ane lagabhaga teTalI ja saMkhyA saMgItakAro ne sAhityakAronI haze. ema kula 3,60,000 jaNa thayA. A dareka jaNa vArSika traNa kRtio race ema gaNatAM, (joke temAMnA keTalAka to daza ne tethI vadhu racanArA che. ), dara varSe kalAkRti kahevAtI cIjo daza lAkha upara nIpaje. te hisAbe gayAM daza varSamAM keTalI nIpajelI ? athavA, upalA varganI khAsa-kaLA AkhI janatAnI Ama-kaLAthI chUTI paDI gaI tyArathI atyAra sudhInA badhA vakhatamAM keTalI badhI kRtio nIpajelI ? ughADuM che ke karoDo. paraMtu kalAnA badhA kadaradAnAmAMthI koNa A badhI kalAbhAsI kRtiothI asara pAmyuM che? badhA majUriyAta vargo, ke jemane A kRtionA kAMI khyAla paNa nathI, temane to javA daIe; paraMtu upalA vargonA loko paNa te badhImAMthI hajAre eka paNa na jANI zake, ane je temaNe jANI hoya

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kaDavuM chatAM sAcuM tyAre A cheH 127 te badhI teo yAda rAkhI na zake. A badhI kRtio kalAnA vezamAM dekhA de che, (dhanika lokonA navarA ALasu ToLAnA khela-gamata tarIke kAma de te sivAya,) koInI upara te kazI chApa ke asara pADatI nathI, ane sAva alopa thaI jAya che. sAmAnya rIte, AnA javAbamAM ema kahevAya che ke, aphaLa prayatnonI AvaDI moTI saMkhyA vagara ApaNane kharI kalAkRtio na sAMpaDe. paNa A radiyo to konA jevo thayo ? eka bhaThiyArAne tenI kharAba pAuroTI mATe Thapako ApIe te sAme e ema kahe ke, seMkaDo roTI bagaDe nahi to sArI sIjhelI roTI na maLI zake! e vAta kharI che ke, senuM hoya tyAM sAthe retIya ghaNI hoya che; paraMtu kAMIka DAhyA be bola kahevAne mATe, tenA bhegI pAra vagaranI murkhatAbharI vAto karavI, enA kAraNa rUpe A dalIla na cAlI zake. kalAmaya gaNAtI kRtio cAre korathI ApaNane vIMTaLAI vaLI che. hajAro kaDIo, hajAro kAvyo, hajAro navalo, hajAro nATako, hajAro citro, hajAro gAyana-vAdane, eka pachI eka Avye jAya che. badhI kaDIo prema ke prakRti ke kartAnI manodazA varNave che, ane badhImAM prAsa, laya vagerenA niyamo paLAya che. badhAM nATako umadA sinasinarI ne bIjA badhA ThAThamAThathI bhajavAya che ane sarasa keLavAyela naTo temAM Utare che. badhI navalo prakaraNavAra racAya che; badhI prema varNave che, asarakAraka prasaMgovALI hoya che, ane jIvananI vigata Ape che. saMgItanI badhI cIjomAM astAyI, aMtarA, Aroha avaroha vagere hoya che; badhImAM sUranI meLavaNI ane saMvAditA sAdhI hoya che, ne te badhIne umadA ustAdo gAya-vagADe che. badhAM citro sonerI phreme maDhelAM hoya che, ane chaTAthI caherA ane temanI sAthenI bIjI paracUraNa vigate batAve che. paraMtu vidhavidha kalAzAkhAonI A badhI kRtiomAM, dara kalAzAkhAe, lAkhamAM ekAda te badhImAM sArI hoya che eTaluM ja nahi, lAhIthI hIro judo paDe tema, temAMthI e nokhI tarI AvatI hoya che. AvI eka ja

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128 A kaLA eTale zuM? kRti amUlya che; bAkInI badhI kiMmata vagaranI che eTaluM ja nahi, tethIya vadhAre kharAba che, kema ke te surucine Thage che ne bagADe che. ane chatAM, viparIta ke bahera mArI gayelI kalApratItivALA mANasane mana bAhyata: te badhI ja sAva sarakhI che! ApaNA samAjamAM kharI kalAkRti pArakhavAnI muzkelI bIjI eka bInAthI vadhI paDe che. te e ke, beTI kRtiono bAhya guNa, sArI kRtio karatAM, ghaNI vakhata, kharAba nahi paNa sAro hoya che : ghaNI vAra kharI kRti karatAM nakaliyuM vadhAre asarakAraka, ane teno viSaya vadhu rasika hoya che. eTale koI mANasa bemAM viveka zI rIte kare? eka kharI kRti, ane irAdApUrvaka tenA anukaraNamAM racAyelI lAkho naphlo - beu bahArathI koI khAsa pharakavALAM hotAM nathI; temAMthI pelI kharIne koI zI rIte zodhI kADhe? jenI ruci bagaDI nathI evA eka gAmaDiyA kheDUtane mATe, nA-bagaDelA nAkavALuM pazu jema jaMgalamAM paDelA hajAro pagerumAMthI potAne joItuM barobara pakaDe che tenI peThe, A kAma saheluM che. pazu acUka : pitAne joItuM zodhI le che; ema ja mANasa paNa karI zake, zarata e ke, tenA kudaratI guNo vikRta thayA hovA na joIe. to acUka te hajAro cIjomAMthI potAne joItI kharI kalA-kRtine - eTale ke, kalAkAre anubhavelI lAgaNIne jenAthI tene cepa lAgaze tene - vaNI leze. paraMtu jemanI rUci temanAM zikSaNa ane jIvanapaddhatithI vikata banI che, temanAthI ema nahi banI zake. A lekanI kalAgrahaNendriya bahera mArI jAya che, eTale klAkRtione mUlavavAne mATe, carcA ane abhyAsathI temaNe daravAvuM joIe, ke je carcA ne abhyAsa emane pUrepUrAM gUMcave che. pariNAme, ApaNA samAjamAM moTA bhAganA loko kharI lAkRtine naryA haDahaDatAM nakaliyAMthI judI pArakhavA mATe sAva azakta che. loko kalAkonA kalAko navA kartAnI kRti sAMbhaLatA nATakazALA ne jalasA-gharamAM bese che. prakhyAta Adhunika navalakAronI kathAo vAMcavAnI, ane kAMIka agamya

Page #172
kaDavuM chatAM sAcuM tyAre A cheH 129 vastune ke pratyakSa jIvanamAM je cIjo pote vadhAre sArI jue che temane rajU karatAM citro jovAnI loko potAnI pharaja samaje che ane sauthI moTuM to e ke, teo ema mAne che ke, A badhuM kalA che ema kalpI te badhAthI rAjInA reDa thavuM e potAne mATe pharajiyAta che. paNa te ja vakhate teo kharI klAkRtione, - dhyAna vagara eTaluM ja nahi paNa dhikkArathI, - pasAra karI jaze, ane te mAtra eTalo ja kAraNasara ke, temanA maMDaLamAM A kRtio kalAkRtinI yAdImAM nathI levAI. thoDA dahADA upara huM pharIne ghera pAcho pharato hato. koka vAra bane che tema, te vakhate jarA khinnatA ke viSAda mArA manamAM hatuM. ghara pAse AvatAM kheDUtonI eka moTI maMDaLInuM bulaMda saMgIta mAre kAne paDyuM. mArI dIkarI tenA lagna bAda pahelavArakI piyera AvI hatI, tene teo AvakAra ApatI hatI. kilakArIo ane dAtaraDAMnA khaNakhaNATa sAthenA A temanA saMgItano AnaMda, khuzamijAjI, ane jomanI evI to coksa lAgaNI vyakta thatI hatI ke, zI rIte teNe mane cepyo e khabara na paDI ne ghara bhaNI jatAM jatAM rastAmAM ja mArI manodazA sudharI gaI ne ghera hasato ne prasanna thaIne huM pahoMcyo. have te ja divase rAte, mane maLavA Avela bhAIe eka bithovananuM eka gIta ("opasa 101')* ja ahIM A gaLa 9eya A gIta viSe potAnI kadara aMge cekhavaTa kare che, te nIce TIpamAM utAravuM ThIka thaze : "kaI kadAca bivananI A cIja viSe mAre mata tenI mArI nAsamaja Nane AbhArI mAne, to tevAne mATe mAre kahevuM joIe ke, svabhAve huM saMgItathI jhaTa ne jhAjhI asara pAmuM evo chuM, eTale bivananI te tathA tenA chellA samayanI bIjI cIjo, bIjA loka peThe, huMya barobara samajuM chuM. bithovananA chellA kALanI kRtione vastu-viSaye DhaMgadhaDA vagaranI narI banAvaTe jevA che; temane mANavAmAM, lAMbA samaya sudhI, huM gulatAna thayA karate hato. paraMtu mAre te gaMbhIratAthI kalAne ja vicAra karavAno thayo. te sAru mAre biAvananI pAchalI kRtionI chApa sAthe bIjAonI kRtio sarakhAvavI joIe, temAM meM bivananI pUrva kRtio paNa joI. Ama karatAM mane phera jaNa, ane kRtrima rIte meM mArAmAM bivananI pAchaLanI ka-9

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130 kaLA eTale zuM? amane gAI saMbhaLAvyuM. e bhAI acchA gavaiyA hatA. temanuM e gAyana pUru thatAM, ( joke dareka jaNa susta banI gayuM hatuM e dekhItuM jaNAya ema hatuM chatAM, ) sarvamAnya rUDhi mujaba, hAjara saue bitheAvananI te gaMbhIra kRtine khUba vakhANI, ane vadhumAM e paNa kahevAnuM na bhUlyA ke, bitheAvananA aMtima kALanuM saMgIta te pahelAM samajI zakatA nahotA, paNa have temaNe joyuM ke, kharekhara te ja kALe tenuM sarjana sAthe kaLAe hatuM. ane jayAre meM pelI kheDUtaNeAnA gItanI mArA upara thayelI asara, ( ke je asara te sAMbhaLanAra sau upara evI ja ekasamAna paDI hatI ), tenI ane bitheAvananA A gItanI asara vacce tulanA karavAnI hiMmata karI, tyAre bitheAvananA prazaMsako, mArI A vicitra TIkAone te vaLI javAba ApavAnI jarUra hoya ? - ema mAnI tucchakArapUrvaka mAtra hasyA. ema chatAM te kheDUta-strIonuM peluM gIta, cAkasa ane saMgIna lAgaNInuM vahana karatuM hoI, kharI kalA hatuM; jyAre bitheAvananuM 101 muM peluM gIta kaLAnA mAtra eka aphaLa prayatna hatA, kema ke temAM koI cAkasa lAgaNI na heAvAthI te cepI zakatuM nahAtuM. kalA paranI mArI A cApaDI taiyAra karavA mATe, A ziyALAmAM, khaMtathI ( joke, bhAre mahenata temAM karavI paDI; ) meM AkhA yurope vakhANelI, jhAlA, bageTa, huismana, ane kipliMga e lekhakonI prakhyAta navalA tathA vArtA vAMcI che. te ja daramiyAna, acAnaka koI taddana ajANyA lekhakanI eka vAta eka bAlamAsikamAM mArA vAMcavAmAM AvI. eka garIba vidhavAnA kuTuMbamAM isTara tahevAranI ujavaNInI taiyArIo cAle kRti mATe je aspaSTa ne lagabhaga rAgI uttejanA keLavI hatI te nAza pAmI. tenI tulanAmAM, dA. ta., khAka, heDana, mejhA, copinanI, tathA khuda bithAvananA pUrva kALanI madhura kRtionI kevI spaSTa, prAsAdika, ane jomabharI chApa lAge che! ane khAsa karIne te leAkasaMgItanI chApa jI. iTAlI, nave, raziyA, haMgarInAM leAkagItAmAM kevuM sAduM saraLa ane prabhAvazALI saMgIta hAya che! (C A vicAra karatAM mArI pelI kRtrima keLavelI ghelachA jatI rahI. ''

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kaDavuM chatAM sAcuM tyAre A cheH 131 che, tenI e vAta hatI. muzkelIthI garIba vidhavA mA thoDoka ghauMno loTa meLave che, ne tenI kaNaka bAMdhavA tene Tebala upara mUke che. pachI chokarAne jhuMpaDA bahAra na javAnuM ane loTa saMbhALavAnuM kahI te thoDoka Atho levA bahAra jAya che. mA gayA daramiyAna, bIjAM keTalAMka chokarAM pelAM jhUMpaDAnAM chokarAMne ramavA bolAvatAM bArI AgaLa thaIne doDatAM cAlI gayAM. chokarAM mAnI AjJA bhUlI gayAM ne bahAra zerImAM bhAgyAM ne ramavAmAM mazagUla thaI gayAM. mA Atho laIne AvIne jue che to loTanA Tebala upara eka maraghI beThI che, loTane te nIce seravyuM jAya che, ane temA karatAM teno chello rahelo bhAga nIce tenAM baccAM capa capa jamIna parathI vINI khAya che. nirAzAnI mArI mA chokarAMne Thapako Ape che, te bicArAM khUba raDe che. mAne temanI dayA Ave che, paNa zuM kare ? ghauMne meM loTa to gayo ! chatAM kAMIka karavuM to joIe. eTale mAtA nakkI kare che ke, "rAI' (baMTI) no loTa jhINo cALI laI tene IMDAnA rasathI karavI karIne tenI isTara-keka karavI. ghauMnI keka vagara rahelAM chokarAMnA AzvAsana sAru, mA prAsayukta eka ukhANo temane kahe che, "rAInA roTalA kevA, ghauMnI kekanA jevA." lAgalI temanI nirAzA UDI jaI harSa AvI jAya che ne pelo ukhANo teo gAvA maMDe che, ne pahelAM karatAMya kayAMya vadhAre AnaMdathI teo isTara-keka maLavAnI rAha jue che. have, jholA vagerenI navale tathA vArtAonI mArA uparanI asara kahyuM. te badhInA bhAre raMja pamADatA vastuviSayonA vAcane eka kSaNa vAra paNa mane na spardho, balka, jema koI mANasa tamane evA bheLA gaNe ke, je yuktithI te tamane phasAvavA mAgato hoya tene tamArAthI saMtADe sarakhI nahi, ne tethI tame tenA para chaMcheDAe, tema ja te kathAo vAMcatAM badho vakhata huM temanA para chaMcheDAto hato. pahelI lITI vAMco tyAMthI tame pustaka lakhyAne irAdo joI lo cho; eTale pachI badhI vigato nakAmI thaI jAya che te susta banI javAya che. ane khAsa to e ke, vAcakane ema jaNAya che ke, navala ke vArtA lakhavAnI icchA uparAMta lekhaka pAse bIjI

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132 kaLA eTale zuM? kazI lAgaNI nathI; asthI vAcaka kazI kalAtmaka asara pAmato nathI. tyAre bIjI bAjue, pelA ajJAna lekhakanI "bALako ane maraghInAM baccAMnI vAtathI huM mArI jAtane aLagI na karI zakyo; tenuM kAraNa e ke, lekhake spaSTa anubhavelI tathA pAchI potAmAM tene jAgrata karelI ane vahana karelI, evI tenI lAgaNIthI huM tarata cepAyo hato. vAsketsova ApaNo eka raziyana citrakAra che. kaphanA moTA devaLamAM teNe dhArmika citro doryA che. sau tene vakhANe che ke, eka navIna ne ucca khristI kaLAno te saMsthApaka che. devaLanAM tenAM citro pAchaLa teNe 10 varSa ApelAM temane mATe tene hajAro rUbala maLyA hatA; ane te badhAM nakalonI nakalonI kharAba nakalo ja mAtra che -- temAM lAgaNIno chAMToya nathI. have e ja vAsnetsove Ta nevanI "dhI kaila" vArtAnuM citra deryuM che. (te vAtamAM, eka chokare tenA bApAne kaveila pakSI mAratA joyelA, te uparathI tene kevI dayA Ave che, te batAvyuM che.) citramAM chokarAno upalo hoTha AgaLa Ave che ne te UMghe che ane upara jANe svapnamAM kaila AvatuM dekhADayuM che. A citra sAcI kalAkRti che. 1897nI raoNyala eNkeDamImAM (eka citrapradarzanamAM) be citro sAthe sAthe mukAyAM hatAM. eka hatuM je. sI. DaoNbaeNnanuM "saMta enthanInuM pralobhana': saMta ghUMTaNiye paDI prArthanA kare che; pAchaLa eka nagna strI ane amuka jAtanAM prANIo UbhAM che. pelI nagna strI kalAkArane ghaNI gamI che, paraMtu tene (kalAkArane) enthanI joDe kazI ja levAdevA nathI; ane kalAkArane e "pralobhana' bhayaMkara lAgavAnuM to kyAM rahyuM, tene UlaTuM e khUba game che: e citra jotAM Ama ughADuM dekhAya che. tethI A citramAM kAMIka kaLA hoya to paNa te ghaNI kharAba ane jUThI che. ekeDemInI e ja citrapothImAM pachI leMglInuM eka citra Ave che. temAM eka rakhaDato bhikhArI chokaro batAvyo che, ne eka bAI tenA

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kaDavuM chatAM sAcuM tyAre A cheH 133 para dayA lAvI tene gharamAM bolAve che, ema cokhkhuM lAge che. chokaro, dayAjanaka rIte potAnA ughADA paga pATalI nIce rAkhI beTho beTho khAya che. pelI strI UbhI UbhI e jue che, kadAca eTalA sAru ke, ene vadhAre khAvA joItuM hoya to ApuM. ane sAta varSanI eka chokarI potAnA hAtha Tebala para aDhelIne, kALajIthI ne gaMbhIra banI, pelA chokarAne joyA kare che; te bhUkhyA chokarA uparathI tenI AMkha khasatI nathI; pahelI vAra tene spaSTa samajAya che ke, garIbAI ane lokomAM asamAnatA e zuM che; ane jANe manamAM potAne pUchatI hoya ke, mane badhuM joIe te maLe ne A chokaro ughADe page ne bhUkhyo rahe ema kema haze? tethI tene duHkha thAya che; ane chatAM te rAjI che. ane te chokarAne ane sAdhutAne mATe enA manamAM prema thAya che . . . ane ApaNane ema lAge che ke, kalAkArane AvI chokarI game che, ne te chokarIne paNa game che. A citro doranAra, mane lAge che ke, bahu jANIto nahi thayelo koI citrakAra che; chatAM te eka umadA ne sAcI kalAkRti che. raoNssIe bhajaveluM "hemleTa' nATaka joyeluM mane yAda Ave che. te nATaka ane tenuM mukhya pAtra bananAra naTa beune ApaNA vivecako ucca nAyakaLAnA kaLazarUpa batAve che. ane chatAM nATaka ane tenI bhajavaNI e beuthI, badho vakhata kalAkRtinAM khoTAM anukaraNo manane je eka khAsa prakArano saMtApa ApyA kare che, te meM anubhavyo. ane hamaNAM meM vaoNgala nAme jaMgalI jAtimAM bhajavAtA eka nATaka vize vAMcyuM. tene jonAra eka prekSaka tenuM varNana Ape che. renDiyaranAM cAmaDAM paherelA be vaoNgala che - eka moTo ne eka nAno. eka moTuM renDiyara banyo che ne bIjo tenuM bacyuM che. barapha joDA paherI dhanuSabANa dhArIne trIjo vaoNgala zikArI banyo che. cotho vaoNgala pakSInI bhASA bolate, pelA renDiyarane tenA para jhajhUmatA bhayanI cetavaNI ApanAro che. nATakanI vAta ema che ke, pelo zikArI pelAM be haraNAMnuM pageruM

Page #177
134 kaLA eTale zuM? kADhI keDe paDe che. dRrtha ema goThavyuM che ke, haraNAM najaramAMthI doDI jAya che ne pAchAM dekhAya che. (nAnAM taMbu-gharamAM te loko AvAM nATako bhajave che.) zikArI temano pIcho karavAmAM vadhu ne vadhu phAve che. ba thAke che ne mAne Teke aDhele che. haraNI thAka khAvA UbhI rahe che. tyAM to zikArI AvI pahoMce che ne dhanuSya tANe che. paNa te ja vakhate peluM pakSI bhayanI cetavaNI ApatuM bole che. beu haraNAM bhAge che. pharI pAcho pIcho zarU thAya che. zikArI temane pakaDI pADe che, ane tIra choDe che. tIra baccAne vAge che. doDI na zakAvAthI te mAne aDhale che. mAM teno ghA cATe che. zikArI bIje tIra kADhe che. pelo prekSaka varNana kare che ke, nATakano prekSakavarga, have zuM thaze, e ciMtAthI stabdha banI jAya che; temanAmAM UMDA UMhakA ne raduna paNa saMbhaLAya che. ane kevaLa A varNana parathI mane lAgyuM ke, A sAcI kalAkRti hatI. A je huM kahuM chuM te buddhihIna avaLa-vANI ja lAgaze, ke jenAthI bahu to mAtra diMga thaI zakAya. Ama chatAM mane je lAge che te mAre kahevuM joIe. ApaNA maMDaLanA lokomAMnA keTalAka kavitAo, vArtAo, navalo, oNperAo ane gAyanavAdananI cIjo race che. keTalAka bhAta bhAtanAM badhAM citro dore che ne bAvalAM banAve che; to bIjA keTalAka A badhuM jue sAMbhaLe che; ne vaLI bIjA keTalAka te badhAnI mulavaNI ne TIkA kare che - tene carce che, vakhoDe che, temAM phAve che, ane peDhI dara peDhI ekabIjAnAM smAraka UbhAM kare che. paraMtu e kalAkAro, e prekSaka janatA, ane e vivecako - A badhAmAMthI thoDA jUjajAja apavAda bAda jatAM, bAkInA badhA lokoe, kalA viSe kazI carcA sAMbhaLyA pUrvenA emanA jIvanakALa -eTale ke, bALapaNa ane kizorAvasthA sivAya, kayAreya paNa kaLAnuM je kharuM hArda ke mUrtimaMta rahasya che, te ja anubhavyuM nathI. A hArda eTale eka sAdAmAM sAdA mANasane ne eka bALakane paNa jeno sArI peThe paricaya che evI eka sAdI lAgaNI anubhava: eka evI aMtakaraNa-zakti ke jethI sAmA mANasanI

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kaDavuM chatAM sAcuM tyAre A cheH 135 lAgaNIno ApaNane cepa lAgI zake, tenI asara pAmI zakIe; ke jene laIne sAmAnA harSe harakhAvA ne zeke du:khI thavA, ne ema samabhAvathI jIva sAthe jIva meLavavA pharaja paDe. pelA badhA lokomAM A ja zakti khUTe che. ane tethI A loko kharI klAkRtine nakaliyAMthI alaga pADI zakatA nathI eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu kharAbamAM kharAba ne kRtrimamAM kRtrimane kharI kaLA mAnavAnI cAlu bhUla karyA kare che; ane kharI kalAkRtio te| teo jotA paNa nathI, kAraNa ke hameza nakaliyAM vadhAre ThAThamAThathI sajelAM bhabhakadAra hoya che, ane kharI kaLA namra hoya che.

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15 kharI kalAnI nizAnI - tenI cepazakti ApaNA samAjamAM klA evI viparIta thaI gaI che ke, je kharAba che tene sArI manAya che eTaluM ja nahi, kharekhara kalA zI vastu che e jovAnI dRSTi sarakhIya khovAI gaI che. eTale ApaNA samAjanI kalA vize bolavA zaktimAna thavAne mATe pahelI jarUra e che ke, nakalI kaLAthI kharI kaLAne judI pArakhavI joIe. nakalI ane kharI kalAno bheda batAvanArI ni:zaMka nizAnI kaLAnI cepazakti che. eka mANasa bIjA mANasanI kRti vAMcI-sAMbhaLI-ke-joIne, vinA prayatna karyo ane vinA pitAnuM dRSTibiMdu badalya, evI manodazA anubhave, ke je tenA kartA joDe ane tenAthI asara-vaza thatA bIjA loko joDe tene ( samabhAva ke sahAnubhUtimAM ) eka banAve; to tevI dazA jagavanAra vastu kalAkRti che. ane te vastu bhale game tevI kAvyamaya, tAdRza vAstavatAvALI, asarakAraka ke jhamakadAra, athavA rasamaya hoya paraMtu jo te vastu tenA kartA joDe tathA tenAthI cepAnArA bIjAo joDe AnaMda ane Atmika milananI lAgaNI, (ke je lAgaNI bIjI badhI lAgaNIothI sAva nokhI tarI Ave evI che,) te na jagave, to e kRti (bIjI rIte game tevI rUpALI hovA chatAM ) kalAkRti nathI. e kharuM che ke, A nizAnI yAMtarita che ane evA loko hayAta che ke jeo kharI kalAkRtinuM kArya zuM hoya che te bhUlI gayA che, - (ApaNA samAjamAM to moTA bhAganA loko e dazAmAM che,)-ane eka eTale ke, kalAnAM saphaLa nakaliyAM utAravAnI pelI AgaLa varNavelI cAra yuktiovALI hoya, ema jaNAve che. -ma. 136

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kharI kalAnI nizAnI - tenI cepazakti 137 tethI evA loko kalAnAM nakaliyAmAMthI maLatAM manoraMjananI ane uttejanAnI lAgaNIne kalAnI lAgaNI samajavAnI bhUla kare che. Ama chatAM, joke raMga-AMdhaLA mANasane evI khAtarI karAvavI ke, lIluM te rAtuM nathI e asaMbhavita che, tema ja AvA lokone temanI pelI bhUlanI phasAmaNImAMthI kADhavA e asaMbhavita che; chatAM je lokanI kalAnI Akalanazakti vikRta nathI thaI ke bahera nathI mArI gaI, temane mATe A nizAnI pUrI cokasa che, ane kalAjanya lAgaNIne bIjI lAgaNIothI te cokhI judI batAvI Ape che. (kalAnI kasoTIrUpa) A lAgaNInI khAsa vizeSatA e che ke, sAcI kalAkIya chApa pAmanAro mANasa tenA kalAkAra sAthe evo to eka bane che ke, tene ema lAge che ke e kRti jANe potAnI hoya, pArakAnI nahi; jANe ke, te je vyakta kare che tene pote vyakta karavA lAMbA vakhatathI na mAgato hoya ! kharI kalAkRti tenA bhaktAnA cittamAMthI tenI ane tenA kartAnI vaccenI ja nahi, paNa tenI ane e kRtine mANanArAM bIjAM badhAMnI vaccenI paNa judAIne nAbUda kare che. Ama je kalA ApaNA vizeSa vyaktitvane - ApaNA eka alaga jIvane tenI judAI ane ekalatAmAMthI mukta kare che ane bIjA sAthe ekarasa kare che, temAM kalAnuM khAsa lakSaNa ane tenI mahAna AkarSaNazakti rahelAM che. kartAnA aMtarAtmAnI sthitithI jo sAmo mANasa cepAya, te jo bIjA joDe AvI Urmi ane AvuM Atmakya anubhave, to AvI asara karanArI vastu kaLA che. paraMtu AvI kazI cepazakti na hoya, kartA tathA kRtinA sahAnubhavI bIjA joDe jo AvuM koI Atmakaya na thAya, to te kalA nathI. ane A prakAranuM cepIpaNuM kalAnI sacoTa nizAnI che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa tenI ochIvattI mAtrA kalAnI uttamatAnuM paNa ekamAtra mApa ke gaja che.

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138 kaLA eTale zuM? A kalAnA vastu-viSayarne hAla alaga rAkhIne, eTale ke, kalA vahana kare te lAgaNIonA guNone vicAra atyAre na karatAM kahIe te, jAnI cepazakti jema vadhAre jabarI, tema te vadhAre sArI.* ane kalAnA cepIpaNAnI mAtrA traNa bAbato upara AdhAra rAkhe che: 1. vahana karAtI lAgaNInA vyaktitva ke khAsiyatanuM ochAvattApaNuM; 2. je spaSTatA ke vizadatAthI lAgaNI vahana karAtI hoya tenuM ochAvattApaNuM, 3. kalAkAranI prAmANikatA ke satyaniSThA, eTale ke, kalAkAra je Urmi vahana kare tene pAte jAte je jorathI anubhavato hoya, tenuM ochAvattApaNuM. (1) vahana thatI lAgaNI jeTalI vadhAre vaiyaktika ke khAsa nijI, teTalI te tenA bhaktA upara vadhAre joradAra kAma kare che, tene bhoktA tenAthI je manodazAe pahoMce te jeTalI vizeSa AtmIya ke khAsa nijI, teTalI tene vadhAre ramUja paDe che ane tethI temAM e teTalo vadhAre jorathI joDAya che. (2) lAgaNInI rajUAtamAM spaSTatA ke vizadatA cepazaktine madada kare che, kAraNa ke, jema vadhAre spaSTatApUrvaka lAgaNI pahoMcatI karAya, tema teno bhoktA tenAthI vadhu saMtuSTa thAya che. kema ke, bhoktA thavuM eTale kRtinA kartAnI sAthe eka banavuM ane ema lAgavuM ke, e lAgaNI jANe pote kayArathI oLakhato ne anubhavato hato, paNa tenuM nirUpaNa ja jANe hamaNAM maLe che. (3) paraMtu kalAnA cepIpaNAnI mAtrA sauthI vadhAre vadhe che te to kalAkAranI prAmANikatA ke satyaniSThAnI mAtrAthI. vAcaka, prekSaka ke zrotAne lAge ke, kalAkAra pote potAnI kRtithI cepAyelo che, ane te lakhe che ke gAya-vagADe che te potAne mATe, ane bIjAo upara asara pADavAne * A bIbAphera mULane che. -ma.

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kharI kalAnI nizAnI - tenI cepazakti 139 sAru nahi, - AvuM lAge tenI sAthe ja kalAkAranI A manodazA tenA bhaktone cepe che. ane ethI UlaTuM - vAcaka, prekSaka ke zrotAne lAge ke, kalAkAra lakhe che ke gAya-vagADe che te potAnA AtmasaMtoSa mATe nahi - eTale ke, pote je rajU karavA icche che tene te jAte anubhavato nathI, paraMtu te mAre mATe kare che,- Ama lAge, tenI sAthe tarata manamAM virodha UchaLI Ave che ane vadhAremAM vadhAre vaiyaktika ne navAmAM navI lAgaNIo ne caturamAM catura Ayojana-yuktio kazoya cepa upajAvavAmAM niSphaLa nIvaDe che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa kharekhara manane UlaTuM tyAMthI pAchuM pADe che. kalAnA cepa aMge meM traNa bAbato kahI che, paraMtu te badhI chellI eka prAmANikatA ke satyaniSThAmAM samAvI devAya ema che. satyaniSThA eTale potAnI lAgaNI vyakta karavA sAru kalAkArane AMtarika AvazyakatA aMdarathI preratI hovI joIe. AnI aMdara pahelI bAbata AvI jAya che; kema ke, jo kalAkAra prAmANika haze to je rIte te lAgaNI anubhavaze tevI ja tene rajU karaze. ane dareka mANasa bIjA dareka jaNathI judo che, eTale tenI lAgaNI bIjA darekane tenA khAsa vyaktitvavALI lAgaze. ane jema te vaiyaktika vadhAre, eTale ke, jema kalAkAre tene potAnA svabhAvanA UMDANamAMthI vadhu kADhI hoya, temane te vadhAre svAnubhavavALI ne prAmANika banaze. ane A ja prAmANikatA, kalAkAra je lAgaNI vahana karavA icche, tenA spaSTa nirUpaNano mArga zodhavA tene preraze. tethI prAmANikatA ke satyaniSThAnI trIjI bAbata traNemAM sauthI vadhAre mahattvanI che. kheDUta-kaLAmAM te hameza sacavAyelI hoya che; ne te kaLA zAthI eTalI badhI baLapUrvaka asara kare che te AnA uparathI samajAya che. paraMtu mithyAbhimAna ne lobhalAlacanA aMgata hetuthI prerAyelA kalAkArothI satata nIpajatI je ApaNA upalA vargonI kaLA, temAM A bAbata taddana nathI hotI.

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140. kaLA eTale zuM? kalAne tyAre tenAM nakaliyAMthI nokhI pADanArI traNa bAbate A prakAranI che; ane kalAnA vastu-viSayano prazna bAjue rAkhIne kalAne vicAratAM, dareka kalAkRtine guNa paNa te ja bAbato nakkI karI Ape che. A traNamAMthI eka paNa vinA kalAkRti kalAnI gaNanA bahAra che, ane te abhAva tene nakaliyAmAM khapave che. jo koI kRti kalAkAranI khAsa lAgaNI vyakta na karatI hoI taiyAktaka na hoya, jo te na samajAya evI aspaSTa nirUpAI hoya, athavA to tene vyakta karavAnI tenA kartAnI AMtara AvazyakatAmAMthI te na jharatI hoya - to te kharI kalAkRti nathI. jo A traNe zarato thoDAmAM thoDe aMze paNa mojUda hoya, to te kRti nabaLI hovA chatAM kalA che. vyaktitva, vizadatA, ane prAmANikatA ke satyaniSThA, e traNa zarato kalAkRti jevI judI judI mAtrAmAM hoya, te pramANe teno guNa (tenA vastu-viSayano vicAra bAjue rAkhIne) nakkI thAya che. badhI kalAkRtio je mAtrAmAM A traNamAMnI pahelI, bIjI ne trIjI zarata pUrI kare che, te pramANe temanA guNano krama temane maLe che. ekamAM vahana thatI lAgaNInuM vyaktitva mukhya hoya, to bIjImAM rajUAtanI vizadatA, to trIjImAM prAmANikatA sauthI caDiyAtI hoya, to vaLI cothImAM prAmANikatA ne vyaktitva hoya paNa vizadatAnI UNapa hoya, to vaLI pAMcamImAM vyaktitva ne vizadatA hoya, paNa prAmANikatAnuM bAdaluM hoya; ane A rIte ochAvattI mAtrAthI kRtionA anekavidha prakAro thatA hoya. Ama kalA a-kalAthI judI paDe che ane tenA vastuviSayathIeTale ke, vahana thayelI lAgaNI sArI che ke naratI e bAbatathI svataMtra rIte vicAratAM, kalAno kalA tarIke zo guNa che te nakkI thAya che. paNa kalAnI aMdara AvatI bAbata ke tene vastu-viSaya, e dRSTie sArI ke narasI kalAnI vyAkhyA ApaNe zI rIte ApavI? e kema nakkI karavuM?

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16 kharI kalAnA vastu-viSayanI kaTI klAnuM tenA vastu-viSayanI dRSTie sArAnarasApaNuM ApaNe zI rIte nakkI karavuM? bhASAnI peThe kalA manuSyomAM parasparavinimayanuM ane tethI temanI pragatinuM, eTale ke, mAnatajAtanI pUrNatva taraphanI AgekUcanuM sAdhana che. bhASA potAnA samayanAM sarvottama ane sauthI AgaLapaDatAM mANasonAM ane potAnI pUrvanI peDhIonAM - beunAM anubhava ane ciMtanathI je badhuM jJAna zodhAyuM hoya, tene chellAmAM chellI peDhIonA mANasone sulabha karI Ape che. ane kaLA e kAma kare che ke, te peDhIone, temanA pUrvajoe anubhavelI tathA temanA sarvottama ne sauthI AgaLapaDatA samakAlIno je anubhavatA hoya, te badhI lAgaNIone sulabha karI Ape che. ane jema bhUlabhareluM ane binajarUrI jJAna hoya tene padabhraSTa karI, tenI jagAe vadhAre sAcuM ne vadhAre jarUrI evuM jJAna Ave, e rIte jJAnano vikAsa thAya che, tevI ja rIte lAgaNIno vikAsa kalA dvArA AgekUca kare che : je lAgaNIo manuSyajAtanA kalyANanI dRSTie ochI dayAparAyaNa ane ochI kAmanI hoya che, temanI jagAe te dRSTie vadhu dayAparAyaNa ane vadhAre kAmanI evI lAgaNIone mUkavAmAM Ave che. kalAno hetu A che. ane, have kalAnA vastu-viSayanI vAta cAle che te bAbatamAM kahIe to, kalA A hetune jeTalo vadhu sAre, teTalI te vadhu sArI, ane jeTalo ochA sAthe teTalI te kharAba ke UtaratI. ane lAgaNIonI kadara ke mulavaNI -(eTale ke, mAnavajAtanA kalyANane mATe, amuka lAgaNIonuM jUtha vadhAre ke ochuM sAruM, vadhAre 141

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142 - kaLA eTale zuM? - ke ochuM kAmanuM, e pArakhavuM) - e kAma te yuganI dharmapratIti vaDe karAya che. dareka itihAsa-yugamAM ane dareka mAnavasamAjamAM jIvananA artha ke sArthakatAnI amuka samaja mojUda hoya che, ane te te samAjanA mANase je sarvottama jIvanakakSAe pahoMcyA hoya, tene e samAja darzAvI Ape che. eTale ke, te te samAja je zreSTha sArApaNAne ke sAdhutAne potAno Adarza ke lakSya gaNe che, tenI vyAkhyA te samaja Ape che. A prakAranI samaja eTale amuka samAja ke itihAsayuganI dharmapratIti. ane e dharmapratItine te samAjanA amuka AgaLa vadhelA loko hameza spaSTatAthI (potAnA jIvana dvArA) vyakta karatA hoya che, ane te samAjanA badhA loko ochIvattI vizadatAthI tene samajatA hoya che. A prakAranI dharmapratIti ane tenuM pratyakSa dAkhalArUpa pAlana dareka samAjamAM hameza mojUda hoya che. jo ApaNane dekhAya ke, ApaNA samAjamAM to dharmapratItinI evI vastu che nahi, to tenuM kAraNa e nathI ke, kharekhara te che ja nahi, paNa (te hayAta hovA chatAM) tene ApaNe jovA mAgatA nathI; ane te eTalA sAru ke, ApaNuM jIvana e dharmapratIti pramANe cAlatuM nathI e hakIkatane te pratIti ughADI pADe che. AjanI dharmapratIti vahetI nadInI dizA jevI che. nadI jo jarA sarakhI paNa vahetI ja hoya to tene dizA hovI ja joIe. tema ja jo samAja jIvato che to tenA badhA sabhyo, ochevatte aMze jJAnapUrvaka, kaI bAjunuM valaNa rAkhe che te batAvatI, e samAjanI dharmapratIti hovI ja joIe. ane tethI dareka samAjamAM e prakAranI dharmapratIti hotI AvI che ane hoya che, tathA kalAnI vahana thatI lAgaNIo hameza A dharmapratItinA dhoraNathI mUlavAI che. mANasee, kalAnAM apAra vividha kSetramAMthI, dharmapratItine pratyakSa jIvanamAM utAranArI lAgaNIonuM vahana karatI kalAne je pasaMda karI che, te potAnA yuganI A dharmapratItinA ja

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kharI kalAnA vastu-viSayanI keseTI 143 ekamAtra AdhAre. ane hameza AvI kaLAnI kiMmata UMcI aMkAI che . ane tene uttejana apAyuM che. ane jIvanamAMthI kayAranI kharI paDelI janI (eTale ke, pUrvanA vItI gayelA jamAnAnI jUnI thaI gayelI) dharmapratItimAMthI jharatI lAgaNIone vahana karatI kalA hameza niMdya ne dhikkAra pAmI che. ane je mAraphate loko mAMhomAMhe Apale kare che evI ati vividha lAgaNIone vahatI bAkInI bIjI badhI kalA jo dhikkArAtI nahi, paNa sahI levAtI, to te paNa eka ja zarate ke, te dharmapratItithI viruddha jatI lAgaNIone e vahatI na hoya. dA. ta., grIka lokomAM suMdaratA, baLa ane hiMmata (hesiyoDa, homara, phiDiyAsa) e lAgaNIo vahatI kaLA pasaMda karAtI, mAnyatA pAmatI ane tene uttejana apAtuM; ane aziSTa tathA nAgI viSayitA, viSAda ane aiNa ke abalatAnI lAgaNIo vahatI kalA niMdAtI ne dhikkArAtI. yahudIomAM temanA IzvaranI bhakti ane tenA AjJApAlananI lAgaNIo ( " jenesisa '- utpattinuM mahAkAvya, pegaMbaro, ne bhajano )ne vahatI kalA pasaMda thatI ane tene uttejana apAtuM, ane mUrtipUjA ("dhI golDana kApha) nI lAgaNIo vahatI kaLA niMdAtI ne dhikkArAtI. ane vArtAo, gAyano, nRtyo, ghara rAcaracIluM ne kapaDAMnA zobhAzaNagAro, vagere jevI bAkInI badhI kaLA jo te dharmapratItine viruddha na hoya, to teno vizeSa phoDa paDAto nahi ke te carcAtI nahi. kalAnA vastu-viSayanI bAbatamAM tyAre, kalA haMmeza ane badhI jagyAe Ama ja mUlavAI che ane mUlavAvI joIe, kAraNa ke, kalA pratyenI A prakAranI bhAvanA ke manodRSTi manuSyanA svabhAvanAM mULabhUta lakSaNomAMthI udbhave che, ane A lakSaNo aphara che. mane khabara che ke, ApaNA samayanA eka cAlu mata pramANe, dharma eka vahema manAya che, ne mAnavajAta potAnI vikAsayAtrAmAM Aje tenI pAra nIkaLI gaI che, ane tethI ema mAnI levAya che ke, ApaNa saune sarvasAdhAraNa evI dharmapratIti jevI koI vastu ja che nahi, ke

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144 kaLA eTale zuM? jene dhAraNe ApaNA samayanI kalA mUlavI zakAya. mane khabara che ke, AjanAM saMskAritA ke sudhArAnA AbhAsavALAM maMDaLomAM Avo mata cAle che. je loko khristI dharmane tenA sAcA arthamAM svIkAratA nathI, kema ke te temanA badhA sAmAjika khAsa-hakonA pAyA ja dhoI kADhe che, ane tethI potAnA jIvananI nirarthakatA ane jUThApaNuM potAnAthI ja DhAMkavAne sAru jAta jAtanA philasUphika ane kalAkIya vAdo yojI kADhe che, tevA loko AthI bIjI rIte vicAra karI na zake. A loko, irAdApUrvaka ne keTalIka vAra irAdA vinA, dharmapratItinA khyAlane dharmasaMpradAyanA khyAla joDe gUMcave che ane mAne che ke, dharmanA saMpradAyane inakAravAthI jANe ke teo dharmapratItine inakArI zake che. paraMtu dharma para karAtA hallA, ane ApaNA jamAnAnI dharmapratItithI viruddhanI jIvanadRSTi sthApavAnA prayatno - A badhuM pote ja spaSTa batAve che ke, potAnI sAthe asaMgata ke meLa na khAtAM jIvanene dhikkArI kADhatI evI amuka dharmapratIti samAjamAM mejUda che ja ! manuSyajAti jo pragati kare che - AgaLa vadhe che, to te AgekUcano dizAdarzaka koI bhemiyo jarUra hovo joIe. ane hameza dharmoe evo bhemiyo pUro pADyo che. itihAsa-samasta batAve che ke, mAnavapragati dharmanI doravaNI vagara bIjI eka rIte nathI sadhAI. paraMtu jo mAnavajAta dharmanI doravaNI vagara pragati na karI zake, ane pragati to cAlu che, eTale ApaNA jamAnAmAM paNa te cAlu ja che, - te pachI ApaNA jamAnAno amuka dharma to hovo joIe; eTale, AjanA kahevAtA sudharelA ke saMskArI lokone game ke na game, temaNe kaeNthalika, proTesTanTa, ke evA koI amuka sAMpradAyika dharmanA arthamAM nahi paNa dharmapratItinA arthamAM dharmanI hayAtI kabUla karavI ja joIe: ApaNA samayamAM paNa, kazIya pragati sAthe hamezano joDAyelo e bhomiyo hAjara che ja. ane jo ApaNAmAM dharmapratIti che, to pachI ApaNI kaLA te pratItinA pAyA upara nakhAvI joIe; ane hameza badhe thatuM AvyuM che te mujaba,

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145 kharI kalAnA vastunaviSayanI kasoTI khAsa lakSya vagara nirmAtI badhI kalAmAMthI je ApaNA jamAnAnI dharmapratItimAMthI jharatI lAgaNIone vahe, te kaLAne pasaMda karavI joIe, tenI UMcI kiMmata aMkAvI joIe, ane tene uttejana ApavuM ghaTe; ane e pratItithI viruddha jatI kaLAne vakhoDI kADhI dhikkAravI joIe; ane bAkI rahetI khAsa vizeSatA vagaranI badhI kaLAno na kazo phoDa pADavo joIe ke na tene uttejana ApavuM joIe. ApaNA samayanI dharmapratIti, tenA vyApakamAM vyApaka ane vadhAremAM vadhAre vahevAru arthamAM, evA jAgrata bhAnamAM rahelI che ke, ApaNuM bhautika tema ja AdhyAtmika, vaiyaktika tema ja sAmudAyika, aihika tema ja pAralaukika ke zAzvata, evuM je ubhaya kalyANa, te manuSyomAM bhrAtRbhAvanI abhivRddhimAM - ekameka sAthe premabharyA meLamAM raheluM che. AvI dharmapratIti ke darzana "krAisTe' ane bhUtakALanA yugonA badhA uttama puruSoe kahyuM che eTaluM ja nahi, ApaNA yuganA uttama puruSoe anekavidha bAjuethI ane vividha rUpomAM pharI pharIne te kahyuM che eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu manuSyajAtanA bahusUtra puruSArthane pAmavAnI cAvI tarIke te pratIti kayAranuM kAma daI rahI che. A mAnava-puruSArthane be bAju che: eka bAjue te emAM samAya che ke, manuSyo vaccenA parapara-meLanI siddhimAM AvatA bhautika ane naitika aMtarAyone nAza karavo; ane bIjI bAjue sava manuSyone "vasudhaiva kuTuMbakam' rUpe je eka karI zake ane jeNe karavA joIe, evA sarvasAdhAraNa siddhAMta sthApita karavA. AvI bahusUtratAnI cAvIrUpa je dharma pratIti ke darzana, tene AdhAre ApaNe ApaNA jIvananI badhI ghaTanAone, ane temAM ApaNI kaLAneya, mUlavavI joIe : badhAM kalAkSetramAMthI je kalA dharmanI pelI pratItimAMthI jharatI lAgaNIo vahe tene pasaMda karavI, tene bhAre kImatI gaNavI, ne tene uttejana ApavuM; je kAMI enI viruddha hoya te badhAne pheMkI devuM; ka-10

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146 kaLA eTale zuM? ane bAkInuM je kalAne nAme rahe tene kalA tarIkenuM gaurava na ApavuM kema ke, te tene ghaTatuM nathI, tenuM te adhikArI nathI. kahevAtA jJAnodaya-kALamAM upalA vargonA loke je bhUla karI ne hajI je ApaNe kAyama rAkhIe chIe, te e nahotI ke, teo dharmabhAvanAparAyaNa kalAnI kiMmata samajatA ke mahattva ApatA maTayA hatA. (te kALanA loko tene mahattva nahotA ApatA te e kAraNe ke, AjanA ApaNA upalA vargonI peThe, moTA bhAganI janatA jene dharma mAnatI temAM teo zraddhA rAkhI zakatA nahotA. emanI bhUla e hatI ke, dharmabhAvamUlaka kalA je hatI nahi, tenI jagAe temaNe najIvI ke arthazUnya kalAne mUkI, ke jeno uddeza majA ke ramUja pADavAne ja mAtra hato. eTale ke, teoe dharmabhAvanAvALI kaLAne badale evI kAMIka vastu pasaMda karavAnuM, kImatI gaNavAnuM, ne uttejavAnuM zarU karyuM, ke je koI vAte AvA Adara ke uttejanane pAtra nahotI. eka khristI dharmagurue kahyuM che ke, meTAmAM moTuM aniSTa e nathI ke mANasa prabhune jANato nathI; paNa e che ke, prabhune badale teNe tenI gAdI upara je prabhu nathI tene besADyo che. tevI ja rIte ApaNA jamAnAnA upalA vargo dharmabhAvI kalA vagaranA che e emane mATe eTalI badhI kamanasIbanI vAta nathI; moTI kamanasIbanI vAta to. e che ke, uttama dharmabhAvaparAyaNa kaLA khAsa mahattvanI ne kImatI hoI, badhI kaLAmAMthI tene pasaMda karavAne badale, temaNe ati najIvI ke arthazUnya ne sAmAnyata: nukasAnakAraka evI klAne pasaMda karI, ke jeno hetu amuka lokane rAjI karavAnuM che, ane potAnA evA aLagA ke ekadezI prakArane laIne je kaLA ApaNA samayanI dharmapratItirUpa evA sArvabhauma ekatAnA khristI dharmasiddhAMtathI viruddha che. Ama dharmabhAvI kaLAnI gAe khAlI vastuzUnya ane ghaNI vAra te anItimaya, evI kaLA goThavI devAya che, ane te kaLA, jIvanane sudhAravAne mATe emAM hovI

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kharI kalAnA vastu-viSayanI kasoTI 147 joIe evI je sAcI dharmabhAvI kaLA, tenI jarUrane lokonI najaramAM AvatI DhAMke che. e kharuM che ke, ApaNA samayanI dharmapratItinI mAgaNIone saMtoSanArI kalA pUrvanI kalAthI taddana alaga vastu che. A alagatA ke asamAnatA chatAM, je mANasa IrAdApUrvaka satyane petAthI saMtADato nathI tene, ApaNA jamAnAnI dharmabhAvI kaLAno pAyo zo che, te ati spaSTa ane cekasa rIte samajAya evo che. pUrve sarvocca dharmapratIti mAtra amuka ja lokone eka karatI hatI. (te lokono samAja moTo hoto, topaNa te aneka bIjA samAjonI vacce Avelo eka samAja hoto. jema ke, yahUdIo ke eNthensa yA romanA nAgariko.) eTale te kALanI kalAthI vahana thatI lAgaNIo baLa, kIrti ane AbAdInI te samAjanI icchAmAMthI jharatI; ane te kaLAnA nAyako ke mukhya pAtro paNa baLa, yukti, kapaTa ke krUratAthI te badhuM vadhAravAmAM phALo ApanAra loko ja hoI zakatA. (jema ke, ulIsesa, jekaba, DeviDa, saeNmsana, harakyulIsa, ane e badhA vIro.) paraMtu ApaNA samayanI dharmapratIti koI eka mAnava-samAjane pasaMda karatI nathI; UlaTI e to nirapavAda badhA lokonuM - mAnavamAtranuM aikya mAge che, ane badhA manuSyo pratyenA bhrAtRpremane saguNono rAjA kahe che. ane tethI, ApaNA samayanI kaLAthI vahana thatI lAgaNIo pUrvenI kalAthI vahana thatI lAgaNIo sAthe ekarUpa na thaI zake eTaluM ja nahi, balka temanI sAme javI joIe. 1 khristI, kharekharI khristI kaLA D pAvAmAM khUba vAra thaI che ane hajI te sthapAI rahI nathI, te eTalA ja kAraNe ke, jevAM nAnAM pagalAM bharatI bharatI mAnavajAta niyamasara AgaLa vadhe che, tevuM nAnuM pagaluM A khristI dharmapratIti nahotI; te to eka pracaMDa krAMti hatI. ane mAnavajAtanI AkhI jIvanadRSTi ane tene pariNAme tenA jIvananuM samasta

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148 kaLA eTale zuM? AMtarika saMgaThana hajI sudhI teNe badalI nAMkhyuM nathI, paraMtu acUka teNe tema karavuM joIze. vaikti peThe mAnavajAtanuM jIvana niyamasara vahe che e kharuM, paraMtu enA niyamita pravAhamAM jANe evA vaLAMko Ave che, ke jyAM AgaLa AvatAM te agAunA pravAha ne tyAra pachIne pravAha cokhA judA paDI jAya ! khristI dharma Avo vaLAMka hato; kAMI nahi toya, khristI dharmadRSTithI jIvanArAM ApaNane to ema ja lAgavuM joIe. khristI dharmabhAvanAe saghaLI mAnavalAgaNIne navI ja, eka bIjI ja dizA ApI, ane tethI kalAnI vastu ane teno artha ke rahasya beune pUrepUrAM badalI nAMkhyAM. grIka loka irAnI kaLAne ane romana loka grIka kaLAno upayoga karI zakatA hatA; ane tevI ja rIte yahUdI loko ijiptanI kaLAno; kAraNa ke, temanA mULabhUta bhAvo ekasarakhA ja hatA. eka vAra Adarza hato irAnInI mahattA ne AbAdI; vaLI hato grIkonI mahattA ne AbAdI; ne vaLI hato romanonI. ekanI eka ja kaLA bIjI- judI paristhatimAM laI javAmAM AvI hatI, ane te ja navAM navAM rASTrone kAma detI hatI. paraMtu khristI Adarza bhinna thayo ne teNe badhuM ja ulaTAvI nAkhyuM. eTale, bAIbala kahe che tema, "lokomAM je UMcuM ne AdarapAtra lekhAtuM te IzavaranI najaramAM haDahaDatuM vRNApAtra banyuM che." have Adarza pharonI mahAnatA ke romana samrATanI mahAnatA, grIkonuM sauMdarya ke phinIziyAnI saMpatti nathI rahyo; have to Adarza che namratA, pavitratA, dayA ane prema. have kalAno nAyaka DAijha nahi, paNa lejherasa bhikhArI che; lAvaNya-kALanI maeNrI eNnDalIna nahi, paNa tenA pazcAttApakALanI maeNrI Adarza che; dhana kamAnArA dhaniko nahi, paNa teno tyAga karanArA che; mahela-vAsIo nahi paNa smazAna ne jhUMpaDAMmAM vasatI garIba prajA che; bIjA para rAjya karanArAo nahi, paNa eka Izvara sivAya bIjA koInI sattA na mAnanArAo che. ane moTAmAM moTI kalAkRti have

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kharI kalAnA vastu-viSayanI kaseTI 149 vijetAonAM bAvalAMvALuM, temanA vijyanuM smAraka evuM moTuM devaLa nathI rahI, paNa te che eka navA mAnavAtmAnuM nirUpaNa, ke je premathI evo te palaTAI gayelo che ke, tene trAsa ApavAmAM Ave ne tenuM khUna thAya te chatAM te potAnA pIDakonI dayA khAya che ane temane cAhe che. ane A pheraphAra evaDo moTo che ke, khristI duniyAnA lokone AkhI jiMdagIbhara jenI Teva paDI gaI che evI je jUnI gera-khristI kaLA, tenA jaDa-baLa sAme thavuM agharuM lAge che. khristI kaLAnAM vastuviSaya temane evAM to navAM ane pUrvanI kalAnAM vastu-viSayathI judAM lAge che ke, khristI kaLA jANe kaLAno ja inkAra hoya ema temane lAge che, ane hatAza thaI teo jUnI kaLAne vaLage che. paraMtu A jUnI kaLAnuM koI paNa ugamasthAna ApaNA samayanI dharmapratItimAM raheluM na hovAthI, te kalA nirarthaka banI che ane mane-kamane paNa ApaNe tene tajavI ja joIe. khristI dharmadRSTinuM rahasya AmAM raheluM che: bAIbalamAM kahyuM che tema, dareka manuSya prabhunuM bALaka che ane tene laIne manuSyone prabhu sAthe ne ekamekamAM saMyoga che, e dareke svIkAravuM. tethI khristI kaLAno vastuviSaya manuSyone Izvara sAthe ane ekabIjA joDe eka karI zake evI lAgaNI che. "Izvara sAthe ane ekabIjA joDe eka karI zake" e zabdo, temanA rUDha thai gayelA khoTA upayogathI TevAyelA lokone aspaSTa lAgaze; 1. moDe ahIM noMdha karI che ke, "skomAM eka bhavya "ApaNA tAraNahAranuM devaLa" che, je I. sa. 1812nA yuddhamAM ne harAvyA tenA smAraka tarIke racAyuM hatuM." 2. Izu khristano Adarza ahIM sUcavyo che e spaSTa che. -ma. . "te badhA eka thAo. he pitA, tuM mArAmAM che ne huM tArAmAM chuM, tema teo paNa ApaNAmAM ho".-(ame taithI eka thaI e.) jaoNna 17-21).

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150 kaLA eTale zuM? paraMtu e pUrepUrA spaSTa arthavALA che. te ema sUcave che ke, (amuka ja mANasanA AMzika ke aLagA milanathI UlaTuM evuM,) manuSyonuM khristI aikya ke saMmilana te che, ke je nirapAvAda saune eka kare che. kalAnuM - kalAmAtranuM lakSaNa e che ke, lokone te eka kare che. dareka kaLA tenA kartAnI lAgaNI jemane pahoMcADe che, temane te kartAnI sAthe tathA tevI chApa meLavatA bIjA badhAnI sAthe Atmika milana karAve che. paraMtu gerakhristI kalA keTalAka lokane ekasAthe meLave che, paNa e ja milanane, te maLelA loko ane bIjA loko vaccenI judAInuM kAraNa banAve che. eTale AvA prakAranuM milana ghaNI vAra bIjAthI judAInuM ja nahi paNa temanI zatrutAnuM mULa bane che. rASTragIta, kAvyo ne smArakonI dezAbhimAnI kalA AvI kalA che; mUrtio, pUtaLAM, saraghaso ane bIjI potapotAnA sthAnika vidhiovALI maMdira-ke-devaLadharmI (eTale badhA dharmamArgonI sAMpradAyika ) kaLA AvI kaLA che. AvI kaLA teno kALa vItyA chatAM TakelI evI jUnI ane gera-khristI che; ekasarakhA dharmamArga ke saMpradAyanA lokane te eka kare che, paraMtu bIjA dharmamArgonA lokothI temane vaLI vadhAre tIkSNatAthI judA pADe che, ane te badhAmAM paraspara zAtA paNa karAve che. khristIdharmI kalA to te ja kahevAya ke jenuM valaNa nirapavAda saune eka karavA taraphanuM che; te karavAne mATe te kalA manuSyomAM yA to evI pratIti jagave ke, manuSya tathA badhAM manuSyo prabhu sAthe tathA potAnAM paDozIo sAthe sarakhI sagAIvALAM che; athavA to te kalA badhAmAM ekasamAna evI lAgaNIo jagave, ke je ati sAdAmAM sAdI bhale hoya, paNa teo khristI dharmane na gamatI - tene virodhI na hovI joIe, ane nirapavAda dareka manuSyane te svAbhAvika ke sahaja hovI joIe. ApaNA samayanI sArI khristI kalA, tenA bAhya rUpanI kacAzone laIne athavA manuSyo te tarapha bedhyAna hovAthI, lokone na samajAya evI hoya ema bane; paraMtu te je lAgaNIo vahe, temane badhA mANasa anu

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kharI kalAnA vastuviSayanI kaseTI 151 bhavI zake evI te hovI joIe. te koI amuka eka lokasamUhanI ke eka varganI ke eka rASTranI ke eka dharmapaMthanI kaLA na hovI joIe. eTale ke, teNe evI lAgaNIo vahana karavI na joIe, ke je mAtra amuka rIte keLavAyelo mANasa ja, ke amIraumarAva jevA upalA varganA mANasa ja, ke vepArI, ke ekalA raziyana ke jApAnI ja, ke romana kethalika ke bauddha ja, ke evA amuka ja pAmI zake, paraMtu te kaLAe dareka jaNa pAmI zake evI lAgaNIonuM vahana karavuM joIe. A jAtanI kaLA ja ApaNA jamAnAmAM sArI, kalAsamatamAMthI pasaMda karavA lAyaka, ane uttejanapAtra gaNI zakAya. khristI dharmakaLA, eTale ke, ApaNA samayanI kaLA, 'kaeNthalika' zabdanA mULa arthamAM kaeNthalika, eTale ke, sArvabhauma hovI joIe. tethI teNe sarva manuSyone eka karavA joIe. ane be ja jAtanI lAgaNIo sarvane eka kare ja che : eka, ApaNe sau IzvaranAM bALaka chIe ne bhAIbahena chIe evI pratItimAMthI jharatI lAgaNIo; bIjI, nirapavAda dareka jaNa pAmI zake evA sarvasAmAnya jIvananI lAgaNIo, jevI ke, AnaMdavinodanI, dayAnI, prasannatAnI, zAMtinI, vagere. vastu-viSayanI dRSTie, sArI kaLAnA sarjana mATe, have A be ja jAtanI lAgaNIo sAmagrI ApI zake. ane A be jAtanI (lAgaNIvALI) kalAnuM kArya dekhItuM juduM lAgavA chatAM, eka ja ane sarakhuM che. IzvaranAM ApaNa sau bALako chIe, ane bhAIbahena chIe, e pratItimAMthI jharatI lAgaNIo, eTale, dA2 ta2, satyamAM acUkatAno bhAva, IzvarecchA pratye Adarabhakti, AtmabalidAna, manuSya mATe mAna ane premabhAva, vagere - evI lAgaNIo ke jemane khristI dharmapratIti ApaNAmAM jagave che. ane bIjI jAtanI - sAdAmAM sAdI lAgaNIo, eTale, dAru tatva, darekane samajAya

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15ra kaLA eTale zuM? evI vinodI majAka ke ItathI, ke asarakAraka vArtAthI, ke citrathI, ke nAnakaDI DhIMgalIthI nIpajatI mRdutAnI ke AnaMdanI manodazA. A beu prakAro mANasa mANasa vacce premALa milananI eka ja ne sarakhI asara utpanna kare che. keTalIka vAra, sAthe rahetA loko aMdaroaMdara virodha ke zatravaTavALA na hoya teya, kAMI nahi te, temanI lAgaNI ane manodazAmAM ekamekathI aLagA hoya che; paNa te kayAM sudhI? koI ekAda vArtA ke nAya ke citra ke koI imArata paNa, paraMtu ghaNI vAra to saMgIta, temane vIjaLInA camakArAthI jANe eka karI de che, ane agAunAM temanAM aLagApaNA ke zatratAnI jagAe teo badhA ekatA ane paraspara premanA bhAvavALA bane che. potAne sAmAnA jevI ja lAgaNI thAya che evuM lAgatAM dareka rAjI thAya che. potAnI ane lokonI vacce ja nahi, paraMtu te lAgaNIne have pachI pAmanArA atyAranA loko joDe tenuM je anusaMdhAna thAya che, tethI te rAjI thAya che. ane tethIya AgaLa to e ke, kabara ke mRtyunI pelI pAranA loko joDenA anusaMdhAnano gUDha AnaMda Ave che; kema ke, te ja ekasamAna lAgaNIo bhUtakALanAM mANaso mANI gayAM che ane bhaviSyamAM thaze te mANaze. ane AvI asara beu jAtanI kaLAthI janme che - Izvara ane paDozI pratye premanI lAgaNIo vahatI dhArmika kalAthI, tema ja badhAM manuSyone sarvasAdhAraNa evI sAdAmAM sArI lAgaNIo vahatI sArvabhauma kalAthI. ApaNA jamAnAnI kaLA pUrvenI kaLAthI mukhyatve e bAbatamAM khI gaNavI joIe ke, ApaNA jamAnAnI kaLA eTale khristI kaLA; tene pAyo manuSyamAtranuM ya cAhatI dharmapratIti che; tethI manuSyone eka nahi paNa alaga karanArI ke ekadezI lAgaNIone vahatI dareka vastune te kaLA sArA vastu-viSayavALA kalAkSetramAMthI bAtala rAkhe che. AvI kRtione te kaLA kharAba vastuviSayavALI kaLAmAM mUke che; to bIjI bAjue, pahelAM pasaMdagI ne Adarane pAtra na gaNAtA evA eka

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: kharI klAnA vastu-viSayanI kaseATI 153 kalAvibhAgane te sArA vastuviSayavALI kaLAmAM mUke che. te vibhAga eTale sArvabhauma kalA, ke je najIvAmAM najIvI ane sAdI lAgaNIone vahana kare che; tenI zarata mAtra e ke, te nirapavAda sau manuSyone sulabha hAya ane tethI temane eka karatI hovI joIe. AvI kaLA ApaNA jamAnAmAM sArI gaNAya ja, kema ke ApaNA kALanI dharmapratIti, eTale ke, khristI dharma mAnavajAta AgaLa je aMtima lakSya mUke che, tene e kaLA sAdhe che. khristI kaLA manuSyomAM yA te evI lAgaNIe jagave che, ke je temane prabhu ane paDozInA prema dvArA hameza vadhAre ne vadhAre nikaTa lAve che ane evI nikaTatA ane milanane mATe taiyAra ane sazakta banAve che: athavA to e kaLA temanAmAM evI lAgaNI jagave che, ke jethI temane jaNAya che ke, jIvananAM harSazAka, sukhadu:khamAM ApaNa sau ekasAthe kayAranAM joDAI cUkelAM chIe. eTale ApaNA jamAnAnI khristI kaLA be prakAranI hAI zake ane che: 1. jagatamAM prabhu ane paDozI sAthenA mAnava saMbaMdha viSenI dharmapratItimAMthI jharatI lAgaNIo vahatI kaLA, eTale ke, tenA maryAdita arthanI dhArmika klA. 2. sarvasAmAnya jIvananI sAdAmAM sAdI lAgaNIo, paraMtu te evI ke je AkhI duniyAmAM badhAM manuSyone hameza sulabha hAya, temane vahana karatI kaLA, eTale ke, sAmAnya jIvananI sArvabhauma leAkakalA. ApaNA jamAnAmAM A be prakAranI kalAe ja sArI kalA gaNAI zake, -- pahelI dhArmika kalA be jAtanI lAgaNIo vahe eka, prabhu ane paDozInA premanI bhAvAtmaka lAgaNIo; bIjI, te premanA ullaMdhana pratye prakopa ane kamakamATInI abhAvAtmaka lAgaNIo. A mukhyatve

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154 kaLA eTale zuM zabdonA rUpamAM ane kaMIka aMze citraNa ane zilpanA rUpamAMya vyakta thAya che. bIjI sArvabhauma kalA sarvasulabha lAgaNIo vahe che. te zabdAmAM, citramAM, zilpamAM, nRtyamAM, sthApatyamAM ane sauthI vadhu te| saMgItamAM vyakta thAya che. A dareka prakAranI kaLAnAM arvAcIna dRSTAMtA jo mane pUchavAmAM Ave to, prabhu ane manuSya-premamAMthI jharatI (bhAvAtmaka UMcA prakAranI ane abhAvAtmaka nIcA prakAranI) sarvocca kalAnAM sAhityika dRSTAMto huM A pramANe ApuM:--zIlaranuM 'dhI raoNbarsa, vikaTara hyugonuM 'Les Pauvres Gens' ane ' le mijharebala '; DikansanI navalA tathA vArtAomAM 'Tela oNpha TU siTIjha,' 'dhI krizcana kaeNrola,' 'dhI cAimsa' ane bIjI; ' aMkala TaoNmsa kaeNbina'; DaoNsTovskInI kRtio --khAsa karIne 'mezvArsa faoNma dhI hAusa oNpha Detha '; jyaoNrja iliyaTanuM ' eNDama bIDa.' kahevuM vicitra lAge che, paNa arvAcIna citraNamAM, prabhu-anepaDozI-premanI khristI lAgaNI sIdhI vahana karatI A jAtanI kRtio - khAsa karIne prakhyAta citrakAronI - bhAgye ja maLe che. bAibalanI kathAo AlekhatAM citrA ghaNAM che; vigatonI jabarI samRddhi sahita teo aitihAsika banAvA batAve che; paraMtu temanA kartAe peAtA pAse je na hoya evI dhArmika lAgaNI te vahatAM nathI--vahI zake nahi, aneka lokanI aMgata lAgaNIo AlekhatAM citra ghaNAM che; paraMtu AtmabalidAna ane khristI premanAM mahAna kAryA batAvatAM citrA bahu ochAM che; ane je che te mukhyatve nahi jANItA evA kalAkAronAM che, ane teya ghaNe bhAge citro karatAM rekhanA ja mAtra che. dA0 tatva, kremaskInuM eka AvuM citra che: jharUkhAvALuM eka dIvAnakhAnuM che; yuddhamAMthI vijya karIne AvatuM lazkara tyAM AgaLathI pasAra thAya che. jharUkhAmAM eka

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dayAdhama - laeNnDalI [ jue pA. 132 ] 6 dhI kaIla" - vArtaseva [juo pA. 132]

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vijayakUca- kaeNmaskI |juo pA. 154 ] kaphanA devaLanuM eka citra-vAstRtsava [ juo pA. 132 ]

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kharI kalAnA vastu-viSayanI kaseTI 155 chokaro ne eka dhAvaNA bALakane laIne AyA UbhAM che; teo vijyakUcane vakhANe che. paNa dIvAnakhAnAmAM mA che te rUmAlamAM moM DhAMkI DUsakAM khAtI sophA para paDI che. AgaLa meM ullekheluM vaoNlTara laeNngalInuM citreya AvI jAtanuM che. vaLI eka AvA prakAranuM citra morlona nAme phrenya kalAkAranuM che. temAM bhAMgelI AgaboTanA bacAva mATe bhAre tophAnamAM doDI jatI rakSA-boTa batAvI che. kaDI majUrI karanAra kheDUtane Adara ane premathI rajU karatAM citro A jAtanAM citrone maLatAM AvanArAM che. mileTanAM citro AvAM che, - khAsa karIne tenuM "dhI maeNna vitha dhI ho.' A zailInA citrakAromAM jUlsa baeNTana, heramAiTa, Dephregara, vagere paNa Ave che. prabhu-ane-manuSya-premanA ullaMghana pratye prakopa ane kamakamATI jagavatAM citronA dAkhalA tarIke genuM "jajamenTa' citra cAle; lIjhana meyaranuM 'sAiniMga dhI Detha vaoNraMTa' paNa cAle. paraMtu A jAtanAM citro paNa ochAM ja che. citranI suMdaratA ane tenA "TekanIka'- citraNanA AyojananA kAyadAkAnunanI ciMtA ghaNe bhAge lAgaNIne pAchaLa nAMkhI daI DhAMkI de che. dA2 ta2, jeromInuM "polIsa vargo: dRzyanA sauMdaryanA AkarSaNane jeTaluM batAvyuM che teTalI temAM batAvela kArya pratye kamakamATI te nathI batAvatuM.* ApaNA upalA vargonI Adhunika kalAmAM bIjA prakAranI - sArI sArvabhauma kaLAnA, ke eka AkhI prajAnI kalAnA paNa, dAkhalA ApavAnuM to uparanA karatAMya vadhu muzkela che, khAsa karIne sAhitya ane saMgItamAM. (DaoNna kivakasoTa, moliyaranI komeDIo, DikansanAM "DeviDa koparaphilDa." ane "pikavika peparsa,' gaoNgala ane puSkInanI vArtAo, ane mopAsAMnI keTalIka kRtio jevI) keTalIka kRtio che, jemane aMdaranI vastu jotAM ke A citrano paricaya meMDa Ape che - "remanA mahAna thiyeTaramAM mallayuddha cAle che. prekSako temanA aMgUThA nIcA karIne batAve che ke, hArelA mallane mArI nAMkhavo ema ame IcchIe chIe."

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156 kaLA eTale zuM? A vargamAM mUkI zakAya, paraMtu ghaNe bhAge te badhI evI che ke, temanA maMDaLanA lokone ja mAtra samajAya; kema ke, temAM vahana thatI lAgaNIo khAsa asAmAnya hoya che, sthaLa tathA samayanI khAsa vigatonuM temAM nakAmuM vadhAre paDatApaNuM che; ane khAsa te e ke, (udAharaNArthe saphanI vAta jevA) prAcIna sArvabhauma kalAnA namUnAnI sarakhAmaNImAM A kRtionA vastuviSayamAM dAridra ke kaMgALatA hoya che. - saphanA bhAIo, tenA pitAnA hetanI adekhAIthI, tene vepArIone vecI mAre che. pitapharanI patnI te yuvAnane phasAvavA cAhe che. sarvocca pade pahoMcIne te (khAsa lADIlA benjAmIna sudhdhAM) potAnA badhA bhAIo para dayA lAve che. josephanI vAtanI A ne bIjI lAgaNIo raziyana kheDUta, cIna, Aphrikana, bALaka ke vRddha, abhaNa ke bhaNelosaune sarakhI sulabha che. ane e vAta evA saMyamapUrvaka lakhAI che-vadhAre paDatI nakAmI vigatothI evI mukta che ke, game te maMDaLamAM kahevAya toya darekane ekasarakhI te samajAya tathA asarakAraka nIvaDe. paNa DaoNna kivoTa ke moliyaranAM nAyako (joke kadAca Aje moliyara sauthI vadhAre sArvabhauma ane tethI zreSTha kalAkAra che,) ke pikavika ne tenA mitronI lAgaNIo AvA prakAranI nathI. A lAgaNIo saune sAmAnya nathI, paNa ghaNI asAmAnya che. ane tethI temane cepI banAvavA mATe lekhakoe sthaLa samayanI puSkaLa vigato temanI AsapAsa khaDakI che. ane vigatonI A puSkaLatA, lekhake varNavelI paristhitimAM nahi rahetA lokone mATe, A vArtAo samajavAnuM kAma agharuM banAve che. josaphanI kathAmAM tene lohIvALo koTa, jekabanAM paheraveza ane raheThANa, pitIpharanI patnInAM vastra ane adA tathA hAvabhAva, ane hAthamAM baMgaDI ThIka karIne teNe "mArI pAse Ava' kevI rIte kahyuM teA badhI vigato Ajano lekhaka to varNave, paNa te kathA-lekhakane temane varNavAnI jarUra nahotI; kAraNa ke, vArtAnI lAgaNInuM vastu ja evuM joradAra che ke, (raDavA mATe josapha bIjI oraDImAM gayo tenA

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kharI kalAnA vastu-viSayanI kasoTI 157 jevI) sauthI vadhu mahattvanI vigato sivAyanI bIjI vigato nakAmI che ne UrminA vahanane ja te roke. AthI A vAta sau loka pAme evI che, sau prajAo ane vargonA AbAlavRddha loka para asara kare che, ane ApaNA samaya sudhI te TakI che ne hajI hajAro varSo cAlaze. paraMtu ApaNA samayanI uttama kathAonA zarIra parathI temanA vigata-vAgA kheMcI lo to zuM raheze? eTale sArvabhaumatAnI mAgaNIo pUrepUrI saMtoSatI kRtio arvAcIna sAhityamAMthI batAvavI azakaya che. je kRtio che te, ghaNe bhAge, jene kalAmAM sAmAnyata: vAstavatA ke tAdRzatA kahevAya che, paraMtu jene mATe vadhAre sAro zabda "prAMtIyatA" che, tenAthI kathaLelI che. sAhityanI kalAnI peThe ja saMgItanuM paNa che; ane ekasarakhAM ja kAraNothI, temAM AvatI lAgaNIonA dAridrane laIne, arvAcIna saMgItakAronI kRtio ajaba khAlI ke vastuhIna ane najIvI hoya che. ane e khAlI vastuhIna kRtionI chApane majabUta karavA navA gAyako dareka kSullaka cIjamAM, potapotAnI rASTrIya Dhabe ja nahi paNa potAnAM khAsa maMDaLa ke saMgItazAkhAnI khAsiyata hoya te mujaba, bhAta bhAtanA AlApa ityAdinA zaNagAra-Dhaga khaDake che. gAyana - dareka gAyana - eka svataMtra cIja hoya che ne sau koI tene samajI zake che, paraMtu tene amuka khAsa dhATI ke laDhaNamAM bAMdhI lo ke tarata tevI laDhaNathI keLavAyelA leka sivAyanA bIjAone te samajAvI maTI jAya che. bIjI prajAnA sAmAnya manuSyone ja nahi, paNa laDhaNanAM amuka rUpone TevAyelI maMDaLI sivAyanA badhAne te parAyI banI jAya che. eTale, kAvya peThe saMgIta paNa doSanA cakarAvAmAM paDI jAya che. kSullaka ane ekadezI gAyananI cIjone AkarSaka banAvavA sAru, temanA upara tAla, surAvaTa ane vAdyonA sAja vagerenA gUMcavADAno bojo ladAya che, ane Ama thatAM te vaLI vadhAre ekadezI bane che. eTale, sArvabhauma

Page #203
158 kaLA eTale zuM? banavAnuM to kayAM rahyuM, ne cIjo rASTrIya paNa banatI nathI - AkhI prajAne nahi paNa tenA amuka lokane ja samajAya evI te hoya che.* kAvya ane saMgIta peThe ja citraNamAM paNa e ja rAmakahANI Ave che-bhAvamAM nabaLI citrakRtione vadhAre rasika karavA mATe sthaLa samayanI bArIkAIthI nihALelI vigato temanI AsapAsa khaDakAya che, jethI teomAM kAmacalAu ne sthAnika rasa Ave che, paNa te ochI sArvabhauma bane che. Ama chatAM bIjA kalAkSetro karatAM citraNamAM sArvabhauma khristI kaLAnI mAgaNIo saMtoSatI kRtio vadhu maLe che. eTale ke, sau koI jene mANI zake evI lAgaNIo vyakta karatI kRtio citrakalAmAM vadhAre che. * A pachI eka nAnA phakarAmAM TaoNlsTaoNya bAka, cApina, mojhArTa, bithovana iyuropIya saMgItakAranI kRtiomAM maLI AvatA thoDAka dAkhalA TAMke che. e badhA ApaNane lagabhaga ajANyA hevAthI te phakare choDyo che. paraMtu tene aMte TIpamAM TAsTIca je noMdha mUke che, te A prakaraNanI AkhI bAbata upara ja prakAza paDatI hoI, nIce utArI che : "mane zreSTha lAgatA kalAnA dAkhalA huM ahIM gaNAvuM chuM te khare. paNa mArI pasaMdagIne huM khAsa mahatva nathI Apato, kema ke kalAnI badhI zAkhAonuM mane pUratuM jJAna nathI. uparAMta huM e vargano chuM ke jenI ruci beTI keLavaNIne laIne vikRta banI gayelI che. tethI karIne, paDI gayelI jUnI Teve kadAca mane bhulAve, ane juvAnImAM kaI kRtie mArA upara chApa pADI hoya tene huM ekAMtika guNa mAnI levAnI bhUleya karI besuM. A ke te kalA zAkhAnI je dAkhalA ahIM huM TAMkuM chuM, temAM mAro hetu eTale ja che ke, huM je kahevA mAguM chuM te emanI dvArA vadhAre spaSTa karavuM ane, atyAranA mArA vicAro pramANe, kaLA mAM tenA vastuviSayanA saMbaMdhamAM huM zAne zreSThatA samajuM chuM te batAvavuM. uparAMta mAre e paNa kahevuM joIe ke, mArI potAnI kRtione huM kharAba kalAmAM gaNuM chuM; temAM be mArI kathAo apavAda che-eka geDa sIjha dhI TUtha baTa veiTsa." ke je pahelA prakAranI (dhArmika) kaLAmAM jAya che; ane bIjI badhI prijhanara opha dhI kokezana' ke je bIjA prakAranI (sArvabhauma) kaLAmAM jAya che." (A beu vArtA TesTayanI grevIsa vArtAo' e aMgrejI saMgrahamAM che, ema mADa jaNAve che.)

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kharI klAnA vastuviSayanI kasoTI 159 citraNa ane zilpa kaLAomAM, ("jhahunara") Genre kahevAtI zailInAM badhAM citro tathA pUtaLAMnA vastuviSaya-prANIo, darekane samajAya evA viSayonAM prakRti-dRzyo, tathA rekhano ane badhI jAtanAM ghareNAM tathA zaNagAra-sAmagrI - A badhuM sArvabhauma che. zi95 tathA citraNamAM AvI kRtio ghaNI che (dA, ta), cInI DhIMgalIe); paraMtu ghaNe bhAge AvI vastuo, (dA) tI badhI jAtanAM AbhUSaNo i0) kalA nathI gaNAtAM, ke gaNAya che to halakI jAtanI kalA gaNAya che. paNa kharuM jotAM, AvI badhI vastuo ApaNane game tevI najIvI lAge te chatAM, kalAkAre anubhavelI ane saune sugama evI sArI khristI kalAkRtio che, mane bhIti che ke, ahIMyAM mArI sAme evI dalIla karAze ke, kalAkRtio mATe kasoTInuM dhoraNa sauMdaryano bhAva na banI zake ema kahyA pachI, huM AbhUSaNo i0ne sArI kalAkRti gaNAvuM chuM, e to vadatovyAghAta thayo. paNa A Thapako ayogya che, kAraNa ke badhI jAtanAM AbhUSaNa ke zaNagArano vastuviSaya sauMdaryamAM nahi, paNa (prazaMsAnI, AnaMdanI, rekhA tathA raMganA mizraNanI) kalAkAre anubhavelI ane jemanA vaDe prekSakane te cepe che evI lAgaNIomAM rahelo che. kaLA jevI hatI ne hovI joIe tevI ja te ahIM rahe che- eka jaNa bIjAne ke aneka bIjAone potAnA anubhavanI lAgaNIothI cepe te kalA che. AvI lAgaNIomAM AMkha jenAthI rIjhe, evI vastuthI thatA AnaMdanI lAgaNI eka che. AMkhane rIjhavatI vastuo ochIvattI saMkhyAnA lokane game evI ke sau koIne game evI hoya. ane moTe bhAge AbhUSaNo bIjA prakAranAM che. ati asAmAnya dRzyanuM citra ke koI vastunuM 'jhara' paddhatinuM citra darekane na game; paraMtu AbhUSaNa evI vastu che ke, yAkuTaskanAMthI mAMDIne grIka AbhUSaNo sudhInAM badhAM darekane samajAya evAM hoya che ane saumAM ekasarakhI vakhANanI lAgaNI prere che. tethI karIne tiraskArAyelA A * eTale sAmAnya jIvananAM dazyane viSaya tarIke laIne cItaravAnI zailI.

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kaLA eTale zuM? kalA-prakArane, khristI samAjamAM, khAsa asAmAnya ne DoLI citro tathA zilpakRtiothI kayAMya uparanI jagAe sanmAnavo joIe. eTale tyAre sArI khristI kaLAnI mAtra be ja jAta che. A be vibhAgamAM na AvatI bAkInI badhI kaLAne kharAba kaLA - uojanapAtra nahi paNa tyAjya, inkAravA jevI ne tiraskAra yogya, tathA lekone eka karatI nahi, paNa temAM bhAgalA pADatI - evI kalA gaNavI joIe. sAhitya-kaLAmAM A namUnA eTale e badhI navalakathAo ne kAvyo, ke je mAnavajAtanA moTA bhAgane tadRna na samajAya evI lAgaNIo vahana kare che. jevI ke, devaLadharmI ke svadezAbhimAnI lAgaNIo tathA ALasu dhanika varga ekalAne lagatI ekadezI lAgaNIo - jevI ke, upalA vargonI mAnavRtti, ativRmi, mijAja, kheda, nirAzAvAda ane kAmavAsanAmAMthI jharatI nAjuka ane durguNI lAgaNIo. te pramANe citraNamAM kharAba kalA tarIke ApaNe badhAM devaLadharma, dezAbhimAnI, ane ekadezI citro mUkavAM joIe: jevAM ke, dhanika ALasu jIvananI mojamajAo ane pralobhano batAvatAM badhAM citro; simbaoNlika'-saMketAtmaka kahevAtAM badhAM citro, ke jemanA saMketeno artha amUka maMDaLanA lokone ja gamya hoya che, ane sauthI khAsa to kAmaganA viSayonAM, pelI akArI strI-nagnatAnAM citro, ke je ApaNAM badhAM pradarzana tathA citrAlayomAM bharyAM paDyAM che. ane ApaNA samayanuM dIvAnakhAnAnuM ke darabArI ane operAnuM lagabhaga badhuM saMgIta paNa A ja vargamAM Ave che, kAraNa ke, tene vastu-viSaya, A ekadezI kRtrima ane aTapaTA saMgItathI uzkerAto jJAnataMtuono rogagrasta chaMcheDATa jemaNe keLavyo che, tevA ja lokane sugama evI lAgaNIone vyakta karavA pAchaLa lAgelo hoya che. AmAM khAsa karIne bithovana pahelo Ave.

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kharI kakSAnA vastuviSayanI kaseTI 161 A kahuM chuM tyAM, "zuM? "navamI simphanI' sArI kalAkRti nathI ema?" - Ama ugratAthI kaDhAtA udgAro huM sAMbhaLuM chuM. ane mAro javAba che ke, cokkasa nathI. meM je badhuM lakhyuM che te ekamAtra e hetuthI ke, kalAkRtinI guNa parIkSA karavA mATe spaSTa ane samajAya evI buddhigamya koI kasoTI zodhavI. ane A kasoTI ni:zaMka mane batAve che ke, bithovananI "navamI simphanI' sArI kalAkRti nathI. sAdI ane samajaNI buddhi paNa ene ja maLatI TIkA kare che. alabatta, je loko amuka kRtione ane temanA kartAone pUjavA keLavAyelA che, ane pUjAnI AvI keLavaNIne ja lIdhe jemanI ruci viparIta banI che, tevA lokone, AvI jANItI saMgItakRti kharAba che ema svIkAravuM, e to ajaba ne vicitra vAta lAge. paraMtu buddhi ne sAmAnya samaja je batAve temAMthI ApaNe zI rIte chaTakavAnA hatA? bithovananI "navamI siphanI eka mahAna kalAkRti gaNAya che, e tene dAvo karI jovA mATe paheluM e vicAravuM joIe ke, A kRti sarvocca dhArmika lAgaNI vahana kare che? mane nakAramAM javAba maLe che, kema ke, saMgIta pote te lAgaNIne vahI na zake. eTale pachI huM mArA manamAM pUchuM chuM, sarvocca dhArmika kalAnA vargamAM to A kRti AvatI nathI, to pachI ApaNA samayanI sArI kalAnuM bIjuM lakSaNa - eka sarvasAmAnya lAgaNInA anubhavamAM badhAM mANasone eka karato guNa tenAmAM che?-- khristI sArvabhauma kalAnuM pada tene maLI zake? ane pharI teno javAba nakAramAM ApavA sivAya mAre bIjo cAro nathI; kAraNa ke, A kRtithI vahAtI lAgaNIo, tenA aTapaTA vazIkaraNa (hipnaoNTijhama) mAM AvavAne khAsa na keLavAyelA lokone zI rIte eka karaze, te huM nathI joI zakato; eTaluM ja nahi, agamyatAnA dariyA jevI A kRtimAM khovAI jatA chUTaka nAnA TucakAo sivAya, A lAMbI gUMcavADiyA ne kRtrima kRtimAM kAMI paNa samajI zake evo sAmAnya lokamAnasavALo samUha huM kalpI zakato nathI. tethI, mane ke kamane, mAre evA nirNaya ka-11

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kaLA eTale zuM? upara pharajyiAta pahoMcavuM paDe che ke, A kRti kharAba kalAnI gaNanAmAM Ave che. A vize vicitra eka evuM jovA maLe che ke, A ja cIjane cheDe zIlaranuM eka kAvya joDeluM che. A kAvya kAMIka aspaSTatApUrvaka chatAM A ja vicArane vyakta kare che ke, lAgaNI (zIlarate kAvyamAM mAtra AnaMdanI ja lAgaNI kahe che.) lokone eka kare che ane temanAmAM premabhAva jagave che. A kAvya te 'simphanI'ne aMte gavAya che, paNa tenuM saMgIta te kaDIonA vicArane baMdhabesatuM nathI, kema ke te saMgIta ekadezI che ane saune nahi paNa thoDAkane ja eka kare che, ane e rIte temane manuSyajAtanA bIjA badhAthI judA pADe che. ane barobara Ama ja, badhI kalAzAkhAomAM, ApaNA samAjanA upalA vargoe mahAna mAnelI anekAneka kRtione teLavI joIze. A eka acUka kasoTI upara ApaNe prakhyAta "DivAIna komeDI" ane "jerusalema DilIvarDa' ane zekasapiyara ke geTenI kRtione moTo bhAga kasavAM joIze; tema ja citrakalAmAM rAphelanAM TrAnsaphigarezana vagere sahita camatkAronAM dareka AlekhanonuM paNa karavuM joIze. | game te kRti hoya ane game tevAM tenAM vakhANa thayAM hoya, paNa ApaNe paheluM e vicAravAnuM che ke, e kRti kharI kalAnI che ke nakaliyA che ? amuka kRti eka nAnA vargane paNa cepavAnI zakti batAve, te te parathI te kalAkSetramAM Ave che ema svIkArIe tyAra bAda A dhoraNe AgaLano prazna e nakkI karavAnI jarUra che ke, A kati dharmapratItithI viruddha hoI kharAba ekadezI kalAnI gaNanAmAM Ave che, ke lokone eka karanArI khristI kalAmAM Ave che ? ane te kharI khristI kalAmAM Ave che ema svIkAryA pachI te kRti prabhu-ane manuSyapremamAMthI jharatI lAgaNIone ke sau manuSyone eka karatI sAdAmAM sAdI lAgaNIone vahana kare che, te joIne, tenA nirNaya mujaba, kRtine yA to dhArmika kalAnI ke pachI sArvabhauma kalAnI haroLamAM ghaTatuM sthAna AMkI ApavuM joIe.

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kharI kalAnA vastu-viSayanI kasoTI 163 A prakAranI kasaNInA pAyA upara ja, ApaNA samAjamAM klAno dAvo karatA AkhA oghamAMthI pasaMdagI karIne, ApaNe zodhI zakIe ke, amuka kRtio mahavano ne kharo jarUrI AdhyAtmika khorAka che, tathA nukasAnakAraka ne nakAmI badhI kalAthI tathA ApaNI cAre bAju vIMTaLAyelAM tenAM nakaliyAMmAMthI te kRtione ApaNe chUTI pADI zakIe. A prakAre kasaNI karIe to ja ApaNe nukasAnakArI kalAnAM ghAtaka pariNAmothI ApaNI jAtane mukta rAkhI zakIzuM, ane sAcI ane sArI kalAnA kalyANamaya kAryano ApaNe lAbha laI zakIzuM, ke je teno khAsa hetu che ane jenA vagara vyakti tathA mAnavajAtanA adhyAtmajIvanane cAlI zake tema nathI.

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17 kharI kalAnI khoTanAM mAThAM phaLa ' mAnava pragatinAM be aMgeAmAMnuM eka kaLA che. zabdothI manuSya vicAronI Apale kare che; kalAnA prakArothI te lAgaNIonI Apale kare che, ane te mAtra potAnA samakAlInA sAthe ja nahi, paNa bhUta ane bhaviSya beu kAlanAM manuSyo sAthe. Apale karavAnAM peAtAnAM A beu aMga kAmamAM levAM, e manuSyane mATe kudaratI che. ane tethI je samAjamAM temAMnA ekanI vikRti ke bhraSTatA thAya, tyAM tenAM kharAba pariNAmeA AvavAM ja joIe. A pariNAme be jAtanAM haze: 1. je kAma te aMge samAjamAM karavuM joIe tene abhAva, 2. vikRta ke bhraSTa aMganuM nukasAnakAraka kAma. ane ApaNA samAjamAM barobara AvAM pariNAmeAe dekhA dIdhI ja che. kalA-aMga vikRta thayuM che; tethI karIne, samAjanA upalA vargo, kalAe je asara upajAvavI joIe tenA vagaranA, ghaNe bhAge rahyA che. eka bAju lokone majA pADavAnuM ne bhraSTa karavAnuM ja mAtra kAma karatAM pelAM naliyAMne jabaro jayA; bIjI bAju, bhUlathI jemane sarvocca kalA manAya che evI najIvI ekadezI kalAkRtio; -- AmanA ApaNA samAjamAM prasAra thavAthI, sAcI kalAkRtiothI cepAvAnI zakti ghaNAkharA mANasAnI vikRta thaI gaI che; ane e prasAre, e rIte, mAnava mAnava vacce kaLAthI ja pahoMcADI zakAya evI je mAnavajAte meLavelI sarvocca lAgaNIo, temane anubhavavAnA saMbhava te leAkane mATe nAbUda karyo che. manuSye kalAmAM je kAMI uttama karyuM che te badhuM, kalAthI cepAvAnI zakti vagaranA lokone mATe parAyuM rahe che, ane tene badale yA to 164

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kharI klAnI kheTanAM mAThAM phaLa banAvaTI nakaliyAM ke najIvI arthahIna kalA goThavAya che, ane tene e loko kharI kalA mAnavAnI bhUla kare che. ApaNA samayanA ne samAjanA loko kAvyamAM joDalero, varlena, moriyaso, inseno ne maeNTaraliMkothI rAjI thAya che; citraNamAM maoNneTo, mAneTo, yuvIsa da cevanIjha, barnajonso, sTako, ane bokalInethI rAce che; ane saMgItamAM vaignaro, liTo, rIcarDa sTrosothI; ane pachI sarvocca ke sAdAmAM sAdI ekeya kaLAne pAmavAne mATe zaktivALA teo rahetA nathI. kalAkRtiothI cepAvAnI zakti khavAvAne laIne upalA vargonA loko kalAnI phaladra pakArI ane sudhAraka asara-vihoNA Uchare che, keLavaNI pAme che, ane jIvana gujAre che. tethI karIne teo pUrNatA tarapha pragati nathI karatA - vadhAre dayadharmI nathI thatA eTaluM ja nahi, paNa UlaTA teo, navA sudhArAe bhAre khIlavelAM bAhya sAdhanovALA hovAthI, vadhAre jaMgalI, vadhAre aziSTa ane vadhAre krUra thavA tarapha satata valaNavALA baLe jAya che. kalA jevA samAjanA Avazyaka aMganI pravRttino ApaNe tyAM abhAva thavAthI AvuM pariNAma Ave che. paraMtu te aMge vikRta thavAthI tenI vikRtinAM pariNAmo to tenAthI vadhAre nukasAnakAraka che; ane te aneka che. - sau koI spaSTa joI zake evuM paheluM pariNAma e che ke, majUriyAta lokonI majUrIne, nakAmI ja nahi paNa moTe bhAge nukasAnakArI vastuo pAchaLa thato, bhAre kharca; ane tethIya caDe evuM to e ke, A binajarUrI ane nukasAnakAraka dhaMdhA pAchaLa amUlya mAnava jIvanano bagADa thAya che. karoDo loko, ke jemane potAnAM kuTuMbonI ke potAnI tAtkAlika jarUro tarapha dhyAna ApavAnI taka ke veLA maLatI nathI, tevA loko lAgalagaTa 10, 12, ke 14 kalAka, ane rAte paNa, manuSyajAtamAM durguNa phelAvatI kalAbhAsI copaDIonAM bIbAM goThavavAnuM vaitaruM kUTe che ane tema ja te, ghaNe bhAge durguNanI sevA karatAM

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kaLA eTale zuM? thiyeTaro, jalasA, pradarzana ane citrAlayonAM kAma kare che. A badhuM karanArA karoDo loko kevI yAtanAo ne kevI taMga dazA bhogave che, teno vicAra karavo kArame che; paraMtu tenAthIya kAramuM to e vicAratAM lAge che ke, AnaMdI ne bhalAM bALako, game tevAM sArAM nIvaDI zake evAM bALako, potAnI kumaLI vayathI nIcenAM kAmo pAchaLa lAge che - roja che, ATha ke dasa kalAka ane te 10-15 varSo sudhI, keTalAMka potAnAM gaLAM ne AMgaLAM gAyanavAdana pAchaLa calAvyuM ja rAkhavA joIe; bIjA keTalAke potAnAM aMgo maroDavAM joIe, AMgaLAM para cAlavuM joIe, ane mAthA upara jAya ema paga UMcA karavA joIe; trIjAM keTalAMkanA jUthe sArIgame ja gAyA karavI; cothI jUthe bhAta bhAtanA veza laIne kaDIonA rAgaDA tANavA joIe; pAMcamA jUthe pUtaLAM parathI ke nagna namUnA parathI AlekhavuM joIe ane raMgavuM joIe; chaThThA jUthe amuka samayanA niyamo mujaba nibaMdho lakhavA joIe. ane manuSyane na chAjatA evA A dhaMdhAo, ke je ghaNI vAra te pukhta umara thayA pachIya cAlu rahe che, temanI pAchaLa teoe potAnuM zArIrika ke mAnasika baLa bagADavuM ane jIvananA arthanI samULagI samaja ja khoI besavuM, e kevuM kAramuM che! ghaNI vAra kahevAya che ke, nAnA jaMbUriyA potAnI bocI upara paga mUke e kevuM kAramuM ane dayAjanaka che. paraMtu dasa varSanAM chokarAM jalasA kare che tethI vadhAre dayAjanaka che; ane sAhityakArya karavAnI taiyArI mATe laeNTina vyAkaraNanA apavAdo gokhatA 10 varSanA nizALiyAone jovA, e te tenAthIya kharAba che. loko zarIra-manathI virUpa thAya che. eTaluM ja nahi, nItithIya te beDoLa bane che, ane mAnavane kharekhara jenI jarUra hoya evuM kazuMya karavAne mATe azakta thAya che. samAjamAM dhanikone rIjhavI khAvAnuM kAma mAthe levAthI te mAnavI gauravanuM potAnuM bhAna khue che; ane jAhera vAhavAhanI vAsanA potAmAM evI to khIlave che, tathA pitAnA atizaya vadhI gayelA mithyAbhimAnanA teo evA to

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kharI kalAnI kheTanAM mAThAM phaLa bhoga bane che ke, tenAthI te dharAtA ja nathI, - emane te eka roga ja jANe vaLage che. ane AvI potAnI vAsanA pUrI karavA pAchaLa potAnI badhI mAnasika zaktio teo kharace che. ane A badhAmAM sauthI vadhAre karuNa to e che ke, kalAne khAtara jIvanabharanA nakAmA banelA A loko te kaLAnuM kazuM dhoLatA nathI eTaluM ja nahi, UlaTuM tene bhAremAM bhAre nukasAna pahoMcADe che; temanI vidhavidha kalAzALAomAM kalAnAM nakaliyAM kADhavAnuM temane zIkhavAya che; ane A zIkhavAthI teo evA to vikRta bane che ke, kharI kalAkRtio sarjavAnI zakti teo khoI bese che, ane ApaNA samAjamAM relAI rahelI pelI nakalI ke ke najIvI ke bhraSTa kalA pUrI pADanAra bane che. samAjanA kalA-saMganI vikRtinuM A paheluM ughADuM pariNAma che, ' tenuM bIjuM pariNAma A Ave che - dhaMdhAdArI kalAkAronAM dhADAM bhayaMkara jathAbaMdha taiyAra kare che, evI je raMjana-kalAkRtio te, ApaNA samayanA dhanika lokone temanAM gerakudaratI ja nahi, paNa temanI potAnI ja kaheNInA je mAnavatAnA siddhAMto temanI viruddha jatI rahoNInuM jIvana jIvavAnuM zakya banAve che. kudarata ane prANIothI ghaNe dUra, kRtrima dazAmAM teo rahe che, temanA snAyuo kAma vagara nakAmA thaI gayA hoya che athavA to vyAyAmathI khoTA keLavAyA hoya che; temanuM jIvananuM joma nabaLuM paDI gayuM hoya che. dhanika vargonuM AvuM jIvana kalA kahevAtI pelI vastu vagara asaMbhavita banata. te kaLAthI je raMjana ane rokANa A lokane maLI rahe che, te temanAM jIvananI arthazUnyatAne DhAMke che ane temane trAsa ApatI je nIrasatA ke suratI temAMthI emane bacAve che. thiyeTaro, jalasA, pradarzana, piyAno-vAdana, gIto ne navalo, ke je badhAMthI atyAre teo evA vizravAsabhera potAno samaya bharI kADhe che ke, A badhI cIjomAM rokAvuM e ati sudhareluM, suMdara ke kalAmaya, ane tethI sAruM rokANa che, e badhuM A loko pAsethI laI lo; citro kharIdanArA, nAyakone madada karanArA,

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kaLA eTale zuM? ane lekhakone oLakhanArA evA kalAnA AzrayadAtAo pAsethI A mahattvanI mAnelI kalAvastunA kherakhAMnuM temanuM kAma laI lo - Ama karo to teo potAnuM evuM jIvana AgaLa calAvI nahi zake, paNa kaMTALo ane cIDa tathA khinnatAthI AkhA ja teo khavAI jaze, ne temane potAnI vartamAna jIvanapaddhatinI arthazUnyatA tathA khoTApaNAnI khabara paDaze. Ama je teo kudaratI badhA niyamone phagAvI daIne tathA potAnAM jIvanamAM rahelA khAlIpaNA ane krUratAnA bhAna vagara jIvana gujAryo jAya che, te zAthI banI zake che? teomAM kaLA gaNAtI pelI vastumAM rokANa maLavAthI ja. paisAdAronI khoTI jIvanapaddhatine apAto Avo AdhAra kalA-vikRtinuM bIjuM ne gaMbhIra pariNAma che. kalAnI vikRtinuM trIjuM pariNAma bALako ane sAmAnya sAdA mANasomAM je mUMjhavaNa UbhI karAI che te che. ApaNA samAjanA khoTA vAdothI nahi bagaDelA evA loko-bALako ne majUro - temanAmAM eka ati cokasa samaja rahelI hoya che ke, amuka koIne zA mATe mAna ApavuM ke tenAM vakhANa karavAM joIe. kheDUto ane bALakone mana stuti ke prazaMsAnuM kAraNa yA to zArIrika baLa hoI zake, (jema ke hakalIsa, vIra puruSo ne vijetAo); athavA te naitika AdhyAtmika baLa hoI zake (jema ke, zAkaya munie mAvanajAtanA uddhAra sAru suMdara patnI ne rAjya choDyAM, potAnA satyane khAtara khrista krosa para caDyA, ane badho saMto tathA zahIdo ). A beu vastu kheDUto tathA bALakone samajAya che. zarIrabaLane mAna ApavuM joIe ema te samaje che, kAraNa ke te pharajiyAta mAna mukAve che. ane mANasanI buddhi jo viparIta na thaI hoya, to sAdhutAnA naitika baLane mAna ApyA vagara te kadI nahi rahe, kema ke aMdarathI teno Akhe AdhyAtmika svabhAva ke sattva te bAju tene kheMcI jAya che. paraMtu A lokone - kheDUto ane bALakone - ociMtuM eka navuM jovA maLe che ke, vIro ane sAdhusaMta karatAM kayAMya vadhAre vakhaNAtA ne vaLatara pAmatA bIjA loko che ane

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169 kharI kaLAnI kheTanAM mAThAM phaLa tenuM kAraNa eTaluM ja ke, teo sAruM gAya che, lakhe che ke, nAce che. te jue che ke, gAyaka, lekhako, citrakAro, nartako badhA lAkho rUbala kamAya che ne saMto karatAM vadhAre mAna mATe che. ane A joI kheDUto ne bALako mUMjhavaNamAM paDe che. pukInane maryo 50 varSa thayA bAda, ekIvakhate, tenI kRtionI sastI AvRttio lokomAM cAlavA lAgI ane maoNskomAM tenuM bAvaluM mukAyuM, tyAre mArI upara DajhanathI uparAMta kheDUtonA patra AvyA ke, puzkInane ATalo badho UMce kema caDAvavAmAM Ave che ? ane pele ja dahADe sAreTovathI eka bhaNelo* mANasa mane maLavA Avelo, te A ja prazna para jANe gAMDo thaI gayo hato. puzkInanuM pUtaLuM mUkavAmAM bhAga levA mATe pAdarIvargane ughADA pADavA mATe te maoNsko jato hato. kharekhara, Avo Ama-prajAne eka sAmAnya mANasa tene pahoMcatI UDatI vAto ke chApAM parathI ema jANe ke, pAdarI varga, sarakArI amaladAro, ane raziyAnA badhA sArA loko eka mahApuruSa, uddhAraka, raziyAnA garvarUpa puzkInanuM bAvaluM khulluM mUke che, - ane teNe to ene vize tyAM sudhImAM kadI sAMbhaLyuM nahotuM! -- to AthI tenI kevI manodazA thAya, e jAte ja dareke kalpI levuM ThIka che. cAre bAjuethI te mANasa A vize sAMbhaLe che ke vAMce che, ane kudaratI rIte te mAne che ke, jo AvuM mAna koIne maLe te coksa teNe asAdhAraNa kAMIka - zarIrabaLa ke AtmabaLanuM kAMIka bhAre parAkrama karyuM hovuM joIe. eTale pachI puSkIna koNa hato e jANavAne te mathe che. ane te nahoto vIra ke nahoto koI senAnI, paraMtu eka khAnagI mANasa ane lekhaka ra mA Da ahIM aMgrejI vAcako mATe noMdha Ape che ke, bhaNele eTale vidvAna nahi, paNa abhaNa nahi te. ApaNI bhASAmAM paNa sAmAnyataH Ama ja samAca. mauDa kahe che, raziyAmAM abhaNa ane bhaNelA ema be bhAga pADIne vicAravAno rivAja che; bhaNelA eTale vAMcI lakhI jANanAra. -ma

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170 kaLA eTale zuM ? hatA, ema mAlUma paDatAM, te mANasa evA nirNaya para pahoMce che ke, te mANasa eka pavitra sAdhupuruSa ne upadezaka hovA joIe; ane lAgalA te tenAM jIvana ane kRti viSe vAMcavA ke sAMbhaLavA tarapha doDe che. paraMtu jyAre tene khabara paDe ke, puzkIna teA cAritryane ati zithila mANasa hatA, dvaMyuddhamAM bIjA mANasanuM khUna karavA jatAM te mAryA gayA hatA, ane kAMIke tenI sevA hoya te te eTalI ke, prema viSe, ghaNI vAra azlIla, evI kavitA teNe lakhI hatI; te vakhate te mANasane kevI mUMjhavaNa thAya? koI vIra puruSa, ke mahAna sikaMdara, ke caMgIsakhAna, ke nepeliyana meATA hatA e te samaje che; kema ke e dareka tene ne tenA jevA hajArone cALI ragadoLI zakata; ( e tene khabara che.), buddha, saoNkreTIsa ke Izu mahAna hatA e paNa te samaje che; kema ke tene khabara che ne namAM paNa ene e pramANe lAge che ke, pAte ane badhA mANasoe emanA jevA thavuM joIe. paraMtu strIonA prema upara kaDIe lakhanAro zuM kAma mahAna gaNAvA joIe, enI tene gama paDatI nathI. Ama ja phrAnsanA kheDUtanuM samajo. te sAMbhaLe ke Izu-mAtAnI peThe baoNDaleranuM yabAvaluM mukAya che, ane tene kahevAmAM ke tenA vAMcavAmAM Ave ke baoNDaleranI 'Fleurs du Mal' cApaDImAM zuM lakhANa che, te tenA manamAM evI ja mUMjhavaNa thaze. ethI vadhAre valenanA durAcArI te adhama jIvana viSe jANatAM ne tenAM kAvyo vAMcatAM thaze. ane kheDUto jANe ke, koka patnI ke TAgliyeTanI karIne che tene varSamAM amuka vakhata kAma kare tenA 10000 pAunDa maLe che, ke eka citrakArane eka citra cItaravA badala eTalA ja maLe che, ke premadRzyo varNavatA navalakArone te tethIya vadhAre maLyuM che, tyAre temanA magajamAM kevA goTALA thAya? ane bALakoneya Ama ja thAya che. huM pote AvAM Azcarya ane digmUDhatAnI dazAmAMthI kema pasAra thayelA emane yAda che.

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kharI keLanI kheTanAM mAThAM phaLa kalAkArone Ama je vIro ane saMtonI UMcI kakSAe caDAvavAmAM Ave che, te viSe mArA manamAM samAdhAna meLavavA mATe, mAre naitika uttamatAnI mArI STi nIcI utAravI paDI hatI ane kalAkRtione khoTo ane kRtrima artha arpavo paDayo hato. ane ema ja, kalAkArone aDhaLaka apAtAM vicitra mAnapANI ane dhana viSe jANatAM, dareka bALakanA ane Ama-prajAjananA manamAM goTALe thavAno ja. ApaNo samAja kalA pratye je khoTo saMbaMdha dharAve che, tenuM A trIjuM pariNAma che. cothuM pariNAma A che:- upalA varganA loko sauMdarya ane sAdhutA vacce vAraMvAra AvatI asaMgatatAo ke virodho joIne, sauMdaryanA Adarzane pahelo mUke che, ane ema karIne teo nItinI mAgaNIo pUrI karavAmAMthI potAne mukta kare che. kharI vAta e che ke, teo je kaLA seve che te jUnI thaI gayelI bAbata che, paNa te kabUla karavAne badale A loko UlaTA ema vaLage che ke, nItidharma evI jIrNa bAbata che, ane je ucca vikAsa-kakSAe pate che ema jAte mAne che, te kakSA upara pahoMcelA lokane mATe e jUnI thaI gayelI nItinI bAbatanuM kAMI mahattva na hoI zake. kalA sAthenA khoTA aMbaMdhanuM A pariNAma ApaNA samAjamAM bahu pahelethI dekhAyuM hatuM. paNa hamaNAM hamaNAM A vAta, tenA pegaMbara nize ne enA anuyAyIo tathA tene saMmata thatA "DikeDanTa' kaLAvALA ane amuka keTalAka aMgreja kalAvidonA nAmathI, khAsa naphaTAI ne uddhatAIbhera kahevAvA lAgI che. "DikeDanTa' kalAvALAo ane oNskara vAilDa jemane eka vAra pratinidhi hato te jAtanA kalAvido petAnI kRti mATe nItidharmanA inkArane ane durguNanI prazaMsAne vastu tarIke pasaMda kare che. A kalA tene maLatA eka philasUphIvAdane amuka aMze pedA kare che ane amuka aMze tene maLatI Ave che. tAjetaramAM amerikAthI mArI pAse eka copaDI AvI, tenuM nAma "dhI sarvAivala oNpha dhI phiTesTa

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kaLA eTale zuM? -philaoNsaoNphI oNpha pAvara '( kartA regnara reDabiyarDa, cikAgA, 1896 ) - Ama hatuM. saMpAdaka tenI prastAvanAmAM jaNAve che tema, A pustakane sAra e che ke, hibrU pegaMbaro ne rotala masIhAnI khoTI philasUphIthI satyane mApavuM e gAMDapaNa che. satyanA Ugama koI tattvasiddhAMtamAM nahi paNa baLa ke zaktimAM che. 'pAtA pratye jevuM koI na varte ema ApaNe icchIe, tevuM bIjA pratye ApaNe na vartavuM joIe '- AnA jevA dharmasiddhAMte, dharmAjJAo ke kAyadAne peAtAnI aMtargata kazI ja sattA nathI; te sattA temane daMDA, phAMsI ke talavAramAMthI maLe che. kharekharo AjhAda AdamI mAnavI ke daivI koI hukama mAnavAnI pharaja taLe nathI. AjJApAlana UtarI gayelA lAkanI nizAnI che; AjJAbhaMga vIronI vizeSatAnA sikko che. mANaseAe potAnA zatruoe zeAdhelA nItiniyameAmAM na baMdhAvuM joIe. AkhuM jagata lapasaNuM yuddhakSetra che. Adarza nyAya ema cAhe che ke, hArelAone lAbha levA joIe, temane nirvIrya karavA joie ne tucchakAravA ghaTe. pRthvI AjhAda ane bahAdura leAkanI che; tethI jIvana mATe, jara-jamIna-joru mATe, sattA ane prema mATe zAzvata yuddha cAlavuM joIe. [thoDAM varSa upara, prakhyAta ane ziSTa kalAkAra da vAge Ane ja maLatuM kahyuM hatuM. ] bahuratnA bhaMDArabharI vasuMdharA bahAduronA bAhubaLane Azare che. pelA graMthano A lekhaka, je nirNayone navA kalAkAro potAnA tarIke kahe che te upara, nitzethI svataMtra rIte pahoMcyo che, e ughADuM dekhAya che. eka siddhAMtanA rUpamAM mukAtA A vicAro ApaNane cAMkAve che. kharuM jotAM, kalA eTale sauMdaryanI dAsI, e AdarzamAM A garbhita rIte AvI jAya che. ApaNA upalA varganI kaLAe lokone atimAnavanA A AdarzanI keLavaNI ApI che. kharuM jotAM, A Adarza nIro, sTenkA rejhIna, caMgIsakhAna, raoNbarTa maeNDaeNra ke nepeAliyana ane temanA sAgarIte madadanIze ne prazaMsakone ja jUno Adarza che; ane kalA peAtAnI sarvazaktithI A Adarzane samarye che. 172

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kharI kaLAnI khATanAM mAThAM phaLa . Ama, satya zuM che' te AdarzanI jagAe, 'suMdara zuM che eTale ke 'majedAra zuM che' te Adarza mukAyo, e ApaNA samAjamAM kalAnI vikRtinuM ceAthuM ane eka kAramuM pariNAma che. AvI kalA AmajanatAmAM jo phelAya, te mAnavajAtanI zI dazA thAya, e vicAravuM bhayaMkara che. ane e kalA kayAranI phelAvA lAgI che. ( 173 chevaTanuM pAMcamuM ane mukhya pariNAma e che ke, yuropIya samAjanA upalA vargamAM je kaLA phUle-phAle che, tenI sIdhI jherI asara paDe che: kharAbamAM kharAba lAgaNI ane mAnavajAtane mATe sauthI vadhu nukasAnakAraka evAM pelAM je vahema, dezAbhimAna, ane saumAM khAsa te viSayavAsanA, temanA cepa leAkamAM te phelAve che. AmajanatAnA ajJAnanAM kAraNeA kALajIpUrvaka tapAsA te,- ApaNe mAnavAne TevAyA chIe te mujaba, tenuM mukhya kAraNa zALA pustakAlayAnI UNapa che evuM muddala nathI ema tamane jaNAze. tenuM mukhya kAraNa te devaLadharmI ne dezAbhimAnanA vahemA che, ke je beuthI lAka tarabALa bharelA che, ane jemane kalAnI badhI rIte dvArA satata utpanna karAye rakhAya che. prArthanA ane bhajanAnuM kAvya, citro, bAvalAM ne mUrtionuM zilpa, saMgIta, sthApatya ane dharmavidhaomAM AvatI nATayakalA paNa,-- A badhAthI devaLadharmI vahemA pedA karAya che ne TakAvAya che. te ja pramANe, kAvyA ane vArtA (ke je zALAomAM paNa pUrAM paDAya che ), saMgIta, gItA, vijayakUcA, darabAro, yuddhacitro ane smArako A badhA vaDe dezAbhimAnanA vahema pedA karAya che ne TakAvAya che. leAkeAmAM devaLadharmI ane dezAbhimAnI naze| tathA kaDavAza kAyamI karatI badhI kalAzAkhAonI A satata pravRtti jo na hota, teA lAka A agAu kayAranA sAcA jJAnaprakAza pAmyA hAta. paraMtu A kalA mAtra devaLadharmI ne dezAbhimAnI bAbatAmAM ja bhraSTa kare che ema nathI; samAjajIvananA sauthI mahattvanA prazna je strIpuruSasaMbaMdha, temAM, lokonI vikRtinA mukhya kAraNa tarIke, ApaNA

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174 kaLA eTale zuM? mAtApitA che te jamAnAnI kalA kAma de che. ApaNe badhA jAta-anubhavathI jANIe chIe, ane je peAtAnAM meTAM cheAkarAM parathIya jANe che ke, kAmavAsanAmAM asaMyamarUpI ekamAtra kAraNe loko zarIramananI kevI bhayaMkara yAtanA ane zaktine keTaleA badhA nakAmA vyaya veThe che. duniyA zarU thaI tyArathI, e ja kAmavAsanAnA asaMyamamAMthI jAgelI Trojana laDAIthI mAMDIne AjanA lagabhaga dareka chApAmAM varNavAtA premIonAM ApaghAta ane khUnA sudhdhAMnA kALa sudhI, mAnava-jAtanAM meATA pramANanAM du:kho A kAraNamAMthI AvyAM che. ane kalA zuM kare che? gheADAka ja apavAda jatAM, kharI ne khATI badhI kaLA dareka rItanI ke jAtanI kAmavAsanAne varNavavAmAM ne uzkeravAmAM lAgelI che. ApaNA samAjamAM sAhityamAM UbharAtAM ziSTamAM ziSTathI mAMDIne nAgAmAM nAgI sudhInI pelI badhI navalakthA ane temanAM kAmedIpaka premavarNanA jo yAda karo; citro tathA jAherakhabaromAM utArAtAM strIonAM nagna zarIranAM citro ane bAvalAM tathA evI badhI jAtanI dhikakArapAtratAne ja jo yAda karo; ApaNuM jagata jemanAthI gIcAgIca bharAI jAya che evAM badhAM gaMdAM nATaka nATikAo, gItA ane baeNlaDo ja jo yAda karo; tA tenI meLe ema lAgaze ke jANe vartamAna kalAne eka ja uddeza che ke, durguNanAM bIja game teTalAM chUTe hAthe badhe veravAM. ApaNA samAjamAM thayelI kalAnI vikRtinAM tyAre badhAM nahi paNa sIdhAmAM sIdhAM thatAM pariNAme AvAM che. tethI ApaNA samAjamAM jene kalA kahevAya che tenuM valaNa mAnavajAtanI pragati karavAnuM nathI eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu bIjI koI cIja karatAM te kalA ApaNA jIvanamAM sAdhutAnI prAptimAM bAdhA karanArI che. ane tethI, kalApravRttithI svataMtra ane vartamAna kalAmAM svArthasaMbaMdhathI baMdhAyela nathI tevA dareka mANasa sAme, anicchAe, ApeAApa pelA prazna AvIne UbhA rahe che, ke je meM A pustakanA

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kharI kaLAnI kheTanAM mAThAM phaLa 175 AraMbhamAM uThAvyo che. samAjanA mAtra eka nAnA ja bhAganI mAlakInI vastu, ke jene ApaNe kalA kahIe chIe, te vastune mAnava majUrInAM, mAnava jIvananAM, ane sAdhutA ke sAmiANasAInAM jevAM balidAno Aja apAya che, tevAM apAvAM joIe? e zuM vAjabI che? ane e praznano svAbhAvika uttara maLe che ke, nA, e geravAjabI che, ne AvuM badhuM na thavuM joIe. pAkI samajabuddhi ane avikRta nItibhAvanA paNa Avo ja uttara Ape che: AvuM badhuM na thavuM joIe; ApaNAmAM kalA kahevAtI vastune AvAM balidAna na apAvAM joIe eTaluM ja nahi, paNa UlaTuM, sAcuM jIvana gALavA icchanArAonA prayatno A kalAne nAbUda karavA tarapha vaLavA joIe. kAraNa ke, mAnava jAtanA ApaNA (yuropIya) vibhAgane pajavatAM aniSTomAM te ghAtakImAM ghAtakI eka che. eTale, jo ema pUchavAmAM Ave ke, ApaNA khristI jagata pAse kalA tarIke kadara pAmatuM je badhuM atyAre che te laI levAmAM Ave ane tethI tenI kharAbInI sAthe temAM je kAMI sAruM hoya te badhuM paNa khovAnuM thAya, to te pasaMda karavA jevuM kharuM? to, mane lAge che ke, dareka samaju ne nItimAna mANasa pleToe "ripablikamAM Apelo ke mAnavajAtanA Adi devaLadharma ne musalamAna badhA dharmopadezakoe Apelo nirNaya ja pharI karaze ane kaheze, atyAre hayAta evI pAtaka kalA ke kalAbhAsa calAvavAne badale to kalA bhale taddana ja na hoya.' koIne AvA praznano sAmano karavAno nathI, eTale tene A ke pelo ukela svIkAravAno nathI, e sukhanI vAta che. mANasa je karI zake che, ane ApaNe bhaNelA kahevAtA loko, (ke je eve pade chIe ke, ApaNA jIvananI ghaTanAone artha samajavAnuM ApaNAthI banI zake ema che,) tevA ApaNe je karI zakIe ne karavuM joIe, te eTaluM ja ke, je bhUlamAM ApaNe phasAyA chIe tene samajavI, ne tenAthI ApaNAM hRdayane zUnya ke jaDa thavA na devAM, paNa temAMthI bacavAne rasto zodhavo.

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18 ApaNe tyAre A samajavAnuM che ApaNA samAjanI kaLA asatyanA khADAmAM je gabaDI paDI che tenuM kAraNa ApaNe joyuM ke, upalA vargonA loko (khristI kahevAtA paNa) devaLarmI zikSaNamAM mAnatA baMdha thayA pachI, sAcA khristI bAdhanA kharA ne mULabhUta siddhAMto - jevA ke, ApaNe sau prabhunAM bALaka chIe ne bhAIbaheno chIe - te svIkAravA temaNe TharAvyuM nahi, ane koI paNa mAnyatA vagara, tathA tethI paDelI khoTa bhAgavA mATe game tema mathIne jIvana calAvyuM rAkhyuM. keTalAke daMbhathI calAvyuM- hajI ame devaLadharmatattvanI mUrkhatAmAM mAnIe chIe, ema dekhADo karyo; keTalAke hiMmatathI chaDecoka potAnI nAstikatA jAhera karIne e khoTa bhAMgI; to vaLI keTalAke ziSTa sudharela ajJeyavAdathI rAlAvyuM, to bIjA keTalAka pAchA prAcIna grIka sauMdaryapUjAe pahoMcyA ne jAhera karyuM ke, ahaMtA satya che, ane tene eka dharmatattvane ucca pade caDAvI. A roganuM kAraNa khristanA bodhanA kharA, eTale ke, pUrepUrA arthano asvIkAra hatuM. ane teno ekamAtra ilAja te bodhane pUrNapaNe svIkAravAmAM rahelo che. ApaNA yuganA jJAnazikhare Ubhele mANasa kaeNthalika ke proTesTanTa game te kahevAto hoya, paraMtu te Aje ema nathI kahI zakato ke, kharekhara te devaLadharmatamAM -eTale ke, IzvaranI trimUrti, khrista Ikavara che, uddhAranI yojanA, vageremAM - mAne che. athavA to potAnI azraddhA ke zaMkA jAhera karIne ke ahaMtA ane sauMdaryanI pUjA para pAcho pahoMcI jaIne te pote saMtoSa mAnI zakato nathI. ane sauthI khAsa to e ke, ame IzunA bodhano kharo artha jANatA nathI 176

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ApaNe tyAre A samajavAnuM che. ema te have kahI zakato nathI. e artha to ApaNA samayanA sau koIne pahoMcelo che eTaluM ja nahi, Aje AkhuM mAnavajIvana e baMdhanA hArdathI bhareluM che ane jANe ajANe tenAthI dorAya che. ApaNA khrisaratI jagatanA loko mAnavanA bhaviSyanI vyAkhyAo game tevAM judAM judAM rUpothI bhale Ape: te yA te mAnava pragatine game te artha samajIne temAM mAnava bhaviSya bhALatA hoya, ke samAjavAdI rAjaya taLe badhA lokanI ekatAmAM bhALatA hoya, ke sAmyavAdI samAjanI sthApanAmAM jotA hoya athavA eka sArvabhauma dharmataMtranA netRtva taLe mAnava jAtanI ekatA jhaMkhatA hoya, ke AkhA jagatanuM eka samavAyataMtra tAkI rahyA hoya; Ama manuSyajIvananA aMtima lakSyanI vyAkhyAo svarUpamAM game teTalI vividha hoya, chatAM ApaNA samayanA badhA mANase eTaluM to kyAranA svIkAre che ke, mANase pahoMcI zake evuM UMcAmAM UMcuM zreya temanI paraspara ekatA vaDe sAdhavAnuM che. bhaNelA ne paisAdAra ApaNe loko jyAM sudhI majUra, garIba ane abhaNa lokathI judA rahIzuM, tyAM sudhI ja ApaNI caDatI dazA TakI zakaze, ema lAgavAthI ApaNA upalA varganA loko, potAnA khAsa hako kAyama rAkhavAne hisAbe, prAcIna yuga para pAchA pahoMcavAnI ke gUDhavAdanI ke grIka jIvanavAdanI, ke atipuruSavAdanI ema vArApharatI game tevI navI navI jIvanadRSTie bhale yojI kADhe, chatAM teone, icchA-anicchAe paNa, badhI bAjuethI spaSTa thatuM jatuM satya mane-kamane kabUla karavuM paDe che ke, ApaNuM kalyANa manuSyonI ekatA ane bhrAtRbhAvamAM raheluM che. tAra Teliphona ne chApakhAnA jevAM vinimayanAM sAdhanonI racanA thI tathA darekane mATe bhautika sukhasagavaDanI satata vadhatI jatI sulabhatAthI, A satya ajANyuM paNa siddha thatuM batAvI zakAya che. ane manuSyomAM bheda pADatA vahemonA nAzathI, satya-jJAnanA pracArathI, tathA ApaNA samayanI uttama kalAkRtiomAM bhrAtRbhAvanA AdarzanI rajuAtathI te satya jJAnapUrvaka dRDha karAya che. ka-12

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kaLA eTale zuM? kalA mAnavajIvananuM AdhyAtmika aMga ke avayava che, teno nAza na thaI zake. eTale, je dhArmika AdarzathI mAnavajAta jIve che tene DhAMkavAne upalA vargonA loko game teTalA prayatno bhale kare, chatAM te Adarzane mANaso vadhu ne vadhu spaSTatAthI oLakhatA jAya che, ane ApaNA vikRta samAjamAM paNa kalA ane vijJAna tene, amuka aMze chatAM, vadhAre ne vadhAre nirUpe che. sAhitya ane citraNamAM sAcA khristI bhAvathI bharelI, UMcI jAtanI dhArmika- kalAnI kRtio, cAlu saikAmAM vadhAre ne vadhAre vAra bahAra paDI che, ane tema ja sarvane sulabha evI sarvasAmAnya jIvananI sArvabhauma kalAnI kRtiomAM paNa thayuM che. eTale kalA paNa ApaNA jamAnAno sAco Adarza jANe che ane te tarapha vaLe che. eka taraphathI, ApaNA samayanI uttama kalA kalAkRtio manuvyomAM ekatA ne bhrAtRtva tarapha preratI dhArmika lAgaNIo vahana kare che, (jema ke, juo Dikansa, hyugo, DaoNsToskInI kRtionuM citraNamAM mileTa, besTIna, lepeja, jUlsa baeNTana, leramAiTa vagere); tyAre bIjI bAjue, upalA vargone ja svAbhAvika evI nahi, paNa nirapavAda saune eka kare, evI lAgaNIo vahavA tarapha te kRtio mathe che. hajI AvI kRtio saMkhyAmAM ochI che e kharuM, paraMtu emanI jarUra che e kyAranuM svIkArAyuM che. hamaNAM ApaNe Ama-lokone sAru prakAzano, citro, jalasA, ne nATayazALAo mATenA prayatno vadhatA jatA joIe chIe. je karavuM joIe tenAthI to A badhuM hajI ghaNuMya dUra che, paraMtu potAne prakRtisiddha rasto pAcho meLavavAne mATe sArI kaLA, sahajabhAve prerAIne, je dizAmAM AgaLa javA jora kare che, te dizA to kyAranI joI zakAya che. vaiyaktika ane sAmudAyika beu jAtanA jIvanano hetu mAnava jAtanuM ekya che, e svIkAravAmAM rahelI je ApaNA samayanI dharma-pratIti ke darzana, te kayAranuM ne eTalA pUratA pramANamAM spaSTa che ke, lokoe have mAtra pelo kalAno jUTho sauMdaryavAda ja pheMkI devAnuM che ke, kalAnuM

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ApaNe tyAre A samajavAnuM che 179 prayojana majA ke sukhopabhoga che. ATaluM thAya to, ApoApa - kudaratI rIte, dharmapratIti ApaNA samayanI kaLAnA bhomiyA tarIkenuM potAnuM sthAna saMbhALI leze. ajANapaNamAM te A dharmapratIti kyAranI mAnavajIvanane dore che. paNa te jevI jANapaNathI svIkArAze ke tarata ne kudaratI rIte, upalA vargo mATenI kaLA ne nIcalA vargo mATenI kaLA evA bhAgalA alopa thaI jaze. eTale eka ja sarvasAmAnya bhrAtRbhAvI sArvabhauma kalA banI raheze. pachI paheluM e thaze ke, ApaNA samayanI dharmapratItine pratikalA ane manuSyone eka ja nahi paNa judA karanArI lAgaNIo vahatI kalA svAbhAvika rIte rada karAze, ane pachI pelI najIvI ekadezI kalA, ke jene hAla aNachAjatuM mahattva apAyuM che, te paNa DUla thaze. ane Ama thavAnI sAthe, kalA je atyAre lokone vadhAre asabhya ane durguNI banAvavAnuM sAdhana banI che te maTaze, ane haMmeza jevI hatI na hovI joIe evI - eTale ke, manuSya je vaDe dhanyatA ke kalyANa tarapha pragati kare che, tenuM sAdhana banaze. eka sarakhAmaNI kahuM chuM te sAMbhaLatAM vicitra lAgaze; paraMtu ApaNA maMDaLa ane samayanI kaLAnuM konA jevuM thayuM che? mAtRtvane mATe sarajAyeluM strInuM AkarSaNa tenI majA vAMchanArAnA bhegone sAru jema strI vece, tenA jevuM kaLAnuM thayuM che. ApaNA samaya ane maMDaLanI kalA vezyA banI che. ane A sarakhAmaNI jhINI vigato sudhI paNa lAgu paDe che. vezyA peThe, te amuka samaya mATe maryAdita nathI; tenI peThe, te hameza zaNagArAya che; tenI peThe, te hameza vecANa-pAtra che; ane tenI peThe, te pralobhaka ane ghAtaka che. bALaka jema. mAtAnA garbhamAM janme che, tema kharI kalAkRti avAranavAra kalAkAranA AtmAmAM ja, tenA jIvananA phaLa rUpe janmI

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180 kaLA eTale zuM? zake. paraMtu jo gharAko meLavI zakAya to kArIgaro ne hastakauzalyavALA loko nakalI kaLAne cAlu ja pedA kare che. - priya patinI patnI peThe, kharI kalAne AbhUSaNa nathI joItAM. paNa nakalI kalAe vezyA peThe hameza zaNagAra sajavA joIe. jema mAtAne mATe prasavanuM kAraNa prema, tema ja kharI kalAnI pedAzanuM kAraNa kalAkAranA aMtaramAM ekaThI thatI lAgaNIone vyakta karavAnI AvazyakatA hoya che. vezyA peThe nakalI kalAnuM kAraNa lAbha che. jema patnInA premanuM phaLa jIvanakSetramAM nava-mAnavano janma che, tema sAcI kalAnuM pariNAma jIvananA vinimayakSetramAM navI lAgaNIne praveza che. nakalI kalAnAM pariNAme mANasanI vikRti, kadI na dharAya evI bhagavRtti, ane mAnava adhyAtmabaLanI kSati che. ane bhraSTa, vezyA jevI kalAne je gaMdo dhadha ApaNI upara pharI vaLyo che tene dUra karavA sAru, ApaNA samayanA ne ApaNA maMDaLanA lokoe je samajavAnuM che te A che.

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19 bhaviSyanI kalA loko bhaviSyanI kaLAnI vAto kare che, te eno evo artha samajIne ke, hAla sarvocca manAtI pelI eka varganI ekadezI kalAmAMthI, teo kape che tema, evI koI khAsa sudharelI navI kalA bhaviSyamAM khIlI nIkaLaze. paraMtu ema koI kalA maLI zake nahi ke maLavAnI nathI. khristI jagatanA upalA vargonI ApaNI ekadezI kalA eka aMdhagalImAM pesI gaI che. kaI dizAmAM te jAya che tenuM koI ThekANuM nathI. dharmapratItinI doravaNI - ke je kalAne mATe sauthI vadhu jarUrI ke mahattvanI che, tene eka vAra jatI karyA pachI, te kalA hameza vadhu ne vadhu ekadezI ane tethI vadhAre vadhAre vikRta banatI gaI che. eTale sudhI ke, chevaTe tene nAme mIMDuM vaLyuM che. have pachI kharekhara je AvI rahI che te bhaviSyanI kaLA AjanI kaLAmAMthI khIlI nIkaLavAnI nathI. upalA vargonI ApaNI AjanI kalA je pAyA upara rahIne pravarte che, tenI sAthe jarA paNa maLatApaNA vinAnA, evA taddana navA ja bIjA pAyA upara, bhaviSyanI kalA UbhI thaze. bhaviSyanI kalA eTale mAnavajAtamAM prasarelI badhI kalAmAMthI je bhAga vINIne pasaMda karAze te. te kalA, AjanI jema, ekalA pasAdAra vargonA lokone ja sulabha lAgaNIo vahavAmAM nahi samAI jatI hoya, paraMtu te ApaNA jagatanI sarvocca dharma pratItine vyakta karatI lAgaNIonuM vahana karanArI haze. je kalAkRtio manuSyone baMdhutAne nAte eka karatI lAgaNIo vahatI haze, saune eka karI zake evI sArvabhauma lAgaNIo vahana karatI haze, temane kalA mAnavAmAM Avaze tevI ja kalA pasaMda 181

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182 kaLA eTale zuM? karAze, nabhavA devAze, maMjUra thaze, ne phelAvAze. paraMtu vahemajanita bhaya, garva, mithyAbhimAna, rASTrIya vIronI gAMDA uchALAbharI stutinI lAgaNIo vahatI dezAbhimAnI kalA, devaLadharmI klA, viSayI kalA,-samaya vItavAthI jUnA ghasAI gayelA dharmazikSaNamAMthI jharatI lAgaNIo vahetI kalA,potAnA ja lokanA ekadezI premane ane viSayabhogane uzkeratI kalA - A jAtanI kalA kharAba nukasAnakAraka lekhAze, ne lokamata tene vakhoDaze ne dhikkAraze. lokonA amuka vargane ja sulabha evI lAgaNIo vahatI bAkI rahetI kalA mahattva vagaranI gaNAze ane na tenI stuti ke na tenI niMdA karAze. ane AjanI peThe, kalAnuM guNadoSa-parIkSaNa ke tenI mulavaNI dhanika lokanA eka alaga vargane mAthe nahi, paNa samasta lokanuM kAma haze. eTale koI kRti sArI gaNAya, maMjUra thAya, ne pracAra pAme te mATe teNe je mAgaNIo saMtoSavI paDaze te, eksamAna ne ghaNI vAra asvAbhAvika paristhitimAM jIvana gALatA thoDAka lokanI mAgaNIo nahi, paraMtu zramajIvananI kudaratI paristhiti anubhavatI pelI AkhI Ama prajAnI haze. ane kalA pedA karanArA kalAkAro atyAre prajAnA eka nAnA bhAgamAMthI vINI kADhelA mAtra thoDAka ja loka - upalA varganA laka ane temanA Azrita - hoya che tema nahi, paNa kalApravRtti pratye valaNavALA ne tenI zakti dAkhavanArA evA, AkhI prajAnA badhA pratibhAvAna sabhyo haze. pachI kalApravRtti sau mANasone sulabha haze. saune sulabha thavAnAM kAraNomAM paheluM to e ke, AjanI kalAkRtione beDoLa banAvatI ane bhAre mahenata tathA samaya khAtI tenI gUMcavADiyA je pelI "TekanIka'nI AyojanasAmagrI, tenI jarUra nahi rahe; paNa UlaTuM spaSTatA, sAdagI, ane laghutA, (ke je cIjo yAMtrika paddhatiothI nathI ANI zakAtI, paNa suruci keLavavAmAMthI Ave che,) temanI jarUra paDaze. sarvasulabha thavAmAM bIjuM kAraNa e thaze ke, thoDA ja loka jemAM pravezI zake che

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bhaviSyanI kalA 183 evI AjanI dhaMdhAdArI kalAzALAone badale, badhAya loka prAthamika zALAomAM akSarajJAnanI sAthe saMgIta ane AlekhananI kalAo paNa zIkhaze; ane te evI paddhatie ke, saMgIta ne AlekhananAM mULatatvo zIkhyA bAda ane amuka koI eka kalAne mATe sahaja AkarSaNa ane tene mATenI zAkta potAmAM pratIta thaye, dareka mANasa pote jAte temAM pUrNa thaI zake. loko mAne che ke, khAsa kalAzALAo na hoya to kalAnI Ayojana-vidyA (TekanIka) nI paDatI thAya. bezaka, jo AyojanavidyAne artha Aje uttamatA gaNAtI pelI badhI kalAnI AMTIghUMTI ke gUMcavADA, ema samajIe, to te paDatI thaze. paraMtu AyojanavidyA eTale kalAkRtimAM spaSTatA, suMdaratA, sAdagI ane lAghava ema jo samajAya, te rASTranI zALAomAM saMgIta AlekhananAM mULatA na zIkhavAya te chatAM, AyojanavidyA nahi paDe eTaluM ja nahi, paraMtu badhI kheDUtakalAmAM jovAmAM Ave che te mujaba, te vidyA UlaTI so gaNI sArI thaze, ne sudharaze. ane enuM kAraNa e ke, atyAre Ama-lokamAM DhaMkAI rahelA badhA pratibhAvAna kalAdharo kalA-sarjako banaze ane (sadAya banyuM che tema) uttamatAnA namUnA pUrA pADaze, ke je temanI pachI AvanArAo mATe uttama Ayojana-zALAe banaze. kema ke, atyAre paNa dareka sAco kalAkAra potAnuM Ayojana mukhyatve zALAomAM nahi paNa jIvanamAMthI - mahAna kalAcAryonA dAkhalAo parathI zIkhe che. jyAre AkhA rASTranA uttama kalAdharo kalA sarjaze, ane tethI jyAre AvA uttama namUnA vadhaze ne vadhAre sulabha thaze, te vakhate AjanA zALA-zikSaNa jevo bhAga jo bhaviSyano kalAkAra kheze, to tenI so gaNI bharapAI tene samAjamAM prasarelA sAcI kalAnA saMkhyAbaMdha namUnAomAMthI maLatI keLavaNI karI Apaze. eTale, vartamAna ane bhaviSyanI kalAmAM eka taphAvata to Avo thaze. bIjo taphAvata e thaze ke, potAnA kAmane mATe vaLatara pAmanArA

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184 kaLA eTale zuM? ane potAnI kalA uparAMta bIjA kazA kAmamAM nahi rokAyelA evA dhaMdhAdArI kalAkArothI bhaviSyamAM kalA sarajAtI nahi hoya. bhaviSyanI kalA samAjanA evA badhA sabhyo sarjaze, ke jemane evI pravRtti karavAnI aMtaramAM AvazyakatA lAgatI haze; paraMtu AvI AvazyakatA temane lAge tyAre ja teo kalApravRttimAM rokAtA haze.* ApaNA samAjamAM loka mAne che ke, jo kalAkArane nirvAhanuM sAdhana khAtarIbaMdha nakkI hoya, to te vadhAre sAruM ne vadhAre jathAmAM kAma karaze. ApaNAmAM kalA manAtI vastu kalA nathI, paNa kalAbhAsa ke tenI nakala che, enI sAbitI jo hajIya jarUrI hoya, to loko A jAtane mata pharI taddana sApha sAbitI Ape che. pagarakhAM ke roTInA utpannane mATe zramavibhAga bahu phAyadAkAraka che; ane mocI ke bhaThiyArAne jo potAnI rasoI karavAnuM ke potAne joItuM baLataNa lAvavAnuM rahetuM hoya, to jeTalAM pagarakhAM ke roTI teo banAvI zake tenAthI vadhAre, jo te kAmomAM temane na paDavuM paDatuM hoya, to banAvaze. - A sAva sAcI vAta che. paraMtu kalA e hAtha-udyoga nathI; e to kalAkAranI anubhavelI lAgaNIonuM nivedana ke nirUpaNa che. ane mANasamAM saMgIna lAgaNI tyAre ja janmI zake jyAre te mANasa mAnavocita svAbhAvika jIvana badhI rIte jIvatA hoya. tethI nirvAhanI khAtarI hAvI, e kalAkAranI sAcI sarjanazakti mATe ati nukasAnakAraka vastu che, kAraNa ke, sarva manuSyonI je svAbhAvika sthiti - potAnA ne bIjAnA jIvananA nibhAvane sAru kudarata joDe mathavuM, - tenAthI upara kahelI sthiti ene dUra khaseDe che, ane e rIte manuSyane sauthI svAbhAvika ane ati mahattvanI lAgaNI anubhavavAnI taka ane zakyatA tenI pAsethI * TausTaoNya ahIM ema sUcavavA mAge che ke, potAnI AjIvikA mATe te te pitAnuM zramajIvana gujAratA haze. kalA, bhASA peThe kAMI dhaMdhe nathI; eTale temane jyAre lAgaNa-vinimayanI jarUra lAge tyAre ApoApa teo kalA dvArA tema karaze. eTale ke, A kAma kAMI dhaMdhe nahi hoya.ma.

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bhaviSyanI kalA 185 laI levAmAM Ave che. ApaNA samAjamAM sAmAnyata: kalAkAro je pUrNa salAmatI ane laheranI sthitimAM rahe che tenA karatAM, kalAkAranI sarjakatAne vadhAre nukasAna karanArI bIjI eke vastu nathI. bhaviSyanA kalAkAra koIka jAtanI majUrIthI nirvAha kamAI, sarvasAmAnya manuSya-jIvana jIvatA haze. enAmAM saMcaratAM pelAM sarvocca adhyAtma-baLanAM phaLa vadhAremAM vadhAre meTI saMkhyAnA loko sAthe mANavAne te prayatna karaze, kema ke tenAmAM UThatI lAgaNI A rIte bIjAne pahoMcADavAmAM tene peAtAnuM sukha ne tenuM vaLatara maLI rahetAM haze. potAnI kRtionA bahoLA pracAramAM jene mukhya AnaMda rahelA che tevA kalAkara peAtAnI kalAkRtio amuka vaLataranA badalAmAM kevI rIte ApI zake, e vastu bhaviSyanA kalAkAra samajI zakaze nahi. kalAnA maMdiramAMthI vepArIone hAMkI nahi kaDhAya tyAM sudhI te maMdira maMdira nahi bane. paraMtu bhaviSyanI kalA temane hAMkI kADhaze. ane tethI karIne, huM mArA manamAM kahyuM chuM tema, bhaviSyanI kalAnA vastu-viSaya AjanI kala!thI sAva judA haze. Aje vastuviSaya eTale garva, cIDa ane nirAzA, atitRpti, tathA viSayavilAsanAM zakaya eTalAM badhAM rUpAnI ekadezI lAgaNIonuM nirUpaNa; evI lAgaNIo, ke jemAM amuka ja lAkane rasa paDI zake, ke amuka leAkane je UThI zake che; A lAka eTale te ke jemaNe hiMsA ke baLajorI vAparIne, manuSyane mATe kudaratI evI je mahenata-majUrI, temAMthI jAtane bacAvI lIdhI che. bhaviSyanI kaLA AvI lAgaNIo nirUpanArI nahi hAya; paraMtu te klA ApaNA jamAnAnI dharmapratItimAMthI jharatI, athavA sarva manuSyAne svAbhAvika evuM jIvana gALatA manuSyanA anubhavamAM AvatI ane nirapavAda badhAne sulabha, evI lAgaNI vyakta karatI haze. bhaviSyanI kalAne vastu-viSaya bananArI lAgaNIone ApaNA maMDaLanA loka jANatA nathI ke samajI zakatA nathI ke samajavA cAhatA nathI. teo atyAre temanI ekadezI kalAnI je ati jhINI bArIkAI

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186 . kaLA eTale zuM? omAM gUMthAyelA che, temanI sarakhAmaNImAM kalAne A vastu-viya temane kaMgALa lAge che. temane ema lAge che ke, "potAnA mAnavabaMdhu pratyenA premanI khristI bhAvanA vize navuM ke tAjuM zuM vaLI kahevA jevuM che?" "darekane sAdhAraNa lAgaNIo kevI najIvI ne nIrasa vaividhya-zUnya hoya che !" ane chatAM ApaNA samayamAM kharekhara navI ke tAjI lAgaNIo mAtra dhArmika khristI lAgaNIo, ane sAne sulabha ane sugama evI ja lAgaNIo hoI zake. ApaNA samayanI dharmapratItimAMthI jharatI khristI lAgaNIo apAra navIna ane vaividhyapUrNa che; paNa keTalAka loka tene artha kalpa che e rIte nahi. te lAgaNIo navIna ane vidhavidha che enuM kAraNa e nathI ke, krAisTa ane bAIbalanI kathAonA nirUpaNathI ke ekatA, baMdhutA, samatA ane premanAM khristI satyone navAM navAM rUpe pharI pharI kahevA dvArA, temane navI ne vidhavidha Dhabe jagavI zakAya che. paraMtu enuM kAraNa e che ke, jIvananA jUnAmAM jUnA, sAdhAraNamAM sAdhAraNa, ane rUDhamAM rUDha thaI gayelA badhA banAvane mANasa khristI daSTibiMduthI vicAre che, tenI sAthe tarata te badhA banAvo navAmAM navI, vadhAremAM vadhAre aNadhArI, ane sacoTa marmasparzI Urmio jagave che. daMpatIne saMbaMdha, mAtApitAnA bALako pratyene ke bALakono mAtApitA pratyene saMbaMdha; manuSyono potAnA dezabhAIo ke paradezIo sAtheno saMbaMdha; caDAI, rakSaNa, mAlamilakata, jamIna, pazu, e badhAM aMgene manuSyano saMbaMdha - A badhA karatAM vadhAre jUnuM zuM hoI zake? paraMtu mANasa e badhAne khristI dRSTibiMduthI vicAre tenI sAthe, temane aMge pAra vinAnI vidhavidha, navIna, tAjI, bahusUtra ane balavAna Urmio tarata UThe che. ane tevI ja rIte, bhaviSyanI kalAnuM - sarvasulabha evA sAdhAraNa jIvananI sAdAmAM sArI lAgaNIonuM je vastu-viSaya-kSetra, te paNa saMkaDAze nahi, paNa bahoLuM banaze. pahelAMnI ApaNI kalAmAM, amuka khAsa sthitivALA loko svAbhAvika evI ja lAgaNIo kalA dvArA

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187 bhaviSyanI kalA vahanapAtra manAtI hatI; ane tyAre paNa e zarate ja ke, A lAgaNI o moTA bhAganA lokane agamya evI ziSTamAM ziSTa Dhabe ja vahana thavI joIe. majAko, kahevato, koyaDA, gIte, nA, bALakonI ramata, nakala ke cALA pADavA, e badhI lokakalA ke bALakonI kalAnuM AkhuM vizALa kSetra kalAne yogya lekhAtuM nahotuM, bhaviSyano kalAkAra samajaze ke, eka parI-kathA, marmasparzI nAnakaDuM gIta, hAlaraDuM ke ramUjI koyaDo, ke majedAra majAka racavAM; athavA eka rekhAcitra doravuM, ke je DajhanabaMdha peDhI ene ke lAkho prauDho ne bALakone AnaMda Ape;- A vastu, eka navalakathA ke saMgItanI cIja (siphanI') ghaDavI ke citra doravuM (ke je thoDA vakhata mATe dhanika vargonA keTalAka lokanuM raMjana karaze ne pachIthI hamezane mATe bhulAI jaze,) tenA karatAM sarakhAmaNI na karI zakAya eTalI badhI vadhAre mahattvanI ne phaladAyI che. sarvane sulabha sAdI lAgaNIonuM A kalAkSetra vizALa moTuM che. ane hajI paNa lagabhaga aNa-sparyuM rahyuM che. mATe bhaviSyanI kalA tenA vastuviSayanI bAbatamAM vadhAre kaMgALa thaze ema nahi, paNa pAra vagaranI samRddha banaze. ane tenuM bAhya rUpa paNa AjanI kalAnAM rUpothI UtaratuM nahi, paNa apAra caDiyAtuM thaze. caDiyAtuM eTale e arthamAM nahi ke, tenuM Ayojana sudhareluM ne gUMcavADiyuM haze; paNa e arthamAM ke, kaLAkAre anubhavelI ne pote jene vyakta karavAnI icche che tevI lAgaNI, kazI paNa vadhArepaDatI nakAmI vigatenA ladANa vinA, TUMkamAM ane spaSTa sAdI rIte vyakta karavAnI tenI zakti caDiyAtI haze. eka prakhyAta khagoLazAstrI joDe mAre thayelI eka vAtacIta yAda Ave che. AkAzagaMgAnA tArAonA varNapaTanA pRthakkaraNa para eNe jAhera bhASaNo ApyAM hatAM. A bhASaNanA zrotAomAM ane khAsa karIne strIomAM, aneka jaNa evAM hatAM, ke je divasa pachI rAta kema thAya che ane ziyALA pachI unALo kema Ave che, e ThIka jANatAM nahotAM.

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188 kaLA eTale zuM? eTale temane meM ema kaheluM yAda Ave che ke, tamAruM AvuM jJAna ne bhASaNanI umadA chaTA vAparI jo tame pRthvInI racanA ne tenI gatio upara ja mAtra bhASaNa Apo, to kevuM sAruM thAya ! e samaju khagoLazAstrIe hasIne javAba Apyo, "hA, bahu sAruM thAya; paNa e bahu agharuM paDe. AkAzagaMgAnA varNapaTa upara bhASaNa ApavuM e tenA karatAM kayAMya saheluM che." ane kaLAmAM paNa ema ja che. kilayopeTrAnA jamAnAne lagatuM prAsabaddha kAvya racavuM, ke roma bALatA nIronuM citra doravuM, ke brAmsa yA rIcarDa sTrosanI peThe 'siMphanI' yA vaiznaranI peThe AperA racavAM, e kAma; ane koI paNa nakAmI vigato vagara ane chatAM sAmAne tenA bhAvo pahoMce evI rIte ekAda sArI vAta kahevI, ke jonArane sparzI ke rIjhave ja evuM rekhAcitra pensilathI doravuM, ke kazAM sAja ke sAtha vinA gAvAnI sAdI spaSTa saMgItamaya cAra kaDIo ghaDavI, ke je sAMbhaLIne zrotA upara tenI chApa paDe ne tene e yAda rahI jAya e kAma; - A bemAM paheluM bIjAnA karatAM kyAMya vadhAre saheluM che. ApaNA samayano kalAkAra kahe che, ke, "ApaNI saMskAritA jotAM, e Adi dazAe javuM ApaNe mATe azakaya che. have josapha ke oDesI jevI vAto lakhavI, ke milonI vInasa jevAM pUtaLAM ghaDavAM, ke lokagIto jevI cIjo racavI, e amAre mATe asaMbhavita che." ane kharekhara ApaNA samAja ane ApaNA samayanA kalAkArone mATe e azakya che, paNa bhaviSyanA kalAkArane mATe nahi; kema ke vastuviSayanA abhAvane DhAMkatA pelA Ayojana-viSayaka sudhArAnI badhI vikRtatAmAMthI te mukta haze, ane te dhaMdhAdArI kalAkAra na hovAthI ne potAnI pravRttine mATe vaLatara na meLavato hovAthI, aMtaramAM na rokI zakAya evI joradAra Urmino jusso lAgatAM ja te kalA sarjato haze. A bhaviSyanI kalA, atyAre kalA kahevAtI vastuthI, tenA vastuviSaya ane bAhya svarUpamAM, sAva judI paDatI haze. bhaviSyanI kalAno

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bhaviSyanI kalA 189 ekamAtra vastuviSaya haze - yA te ekatA tarapha manuSyone AkarSatI lAgaNIo, athavA evI lAgaNIo ke je temane kayAranA eka kare che; ane tenAM bAhya kalA-rUpa ke prakAro evA haze, ke je darekane mATe khullAM hoya. ane tethI bhaviSyamAM kaLAnI uttamatAno Adarza thoDAkane ja sulabha evI lAgaNInI ekadezitA nahi, paNa ethI UlaTI evI sArvabhaumatA haze. ane Aje thAya che tema, kalAnAM bAhya rUpamAM temanAM bhAre kada, aspaSTatA ane gUMcavADiyApaNAnI kiMmata nahi karAtI hoya, paNa temAM TUMkANa, spaSTatA, ane sAdAI Adarza gaNAtAM haze. ane kalA jyAre e Adarzo pahoMcaze tyAre ja, Aja jema te mANasonI uttama zakti kharcAvIne temanuM raMjana karAve che ne bhraSTa kare che, tema nahi kare, paraMtu te jevI hovI joIe tevI banaze; - eTale ke, te khristI dhArmika pratItine buddhi ane tarkanA kSetramAMthI lAgaNI ke bhAvanAnA kSetramAM ANavAnuM vAhana banaze, ane lokone temanI e dharmapratIti je pUrNatva ane aikya batAve che tenI vadhAre najIka temane kharekhara kheMcI jaze.

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upasaMhAra [ kalA ane vijJAna ] mane nikaTa evA kalAnA viSaya paranuM mAruM A pustaka yathAzakti meM pUruM karyuM che. temAM meM mArI sarva zakti ApI che; teNe mArAM 15 varSa lIdhAM che. A viSaye mArAM 15 varSa lIdhAM che ema kahevAmAM mAro artha e nathI ke, A pustaka huM paMdara varSa sudhI lakhato rahyo chuM, paNa mAre eTaluM ja kahevAnuM che ke, 15 varSa upara meM kalA upara lakhavAnuM zarU karyuM ne te ema mAnIne ke, A kAma meM mAthe lIdhuM che te vagara aTakaye huM te pUruM karI zakIza. paraMtu nIkaLyuM evuM ke, A viSaya paranA mArA vicAro evA to aspaSTa hatA ke, mane saMtoSe evI rIte temane huM goThavI na zakayo. tyArathI e vize vicAra karyA karavAnuM mAruM aTakayuM nathI, ane cha sAta vAra meM e pharI pharI lakhavA mAMDyuM, paraMtu dareka veLA, teno ThIka ThIka bhAga lakhyA bAda, te kAmane saMtoSakAraka rIte pUruM karavA huM azakta nIvaDayo, ne tene paDatuM ja mUkavuM paDyuM. have te meM pUruM karyuM che. ane e kAma game tevI kharAba rIte meM karyuM haze, chatAM mane AzA che ke, ApaNA samAjanI kalAe je khoTI dizA pakaDI che ke jene te anusare che, te viSene, tenA kAraNa viSe, ane kalAnA kharA dhyeya viSeno mAro mULabhUta vicAra kharo che; ane tethI mAruM A lakhANa nirupayogI nahi thAya. paraMtu Ama bane ane kalA tene khoTo rasto choDIne navI dizA le tene mATe jarUranuM che ke, tenA ja jeTalA mahattvanI ane tene najIkanA saMbaMdhavALI evI je bIjI AdhyAtma mAnava-pravRtti vijJAna, ke jenA upara kalAno hameza AdhAra rahelo che, te paNa, kalAnI mAphaka je khoTo rasto anusare che, tene choDI de.

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191 upasaMhAra zarIranAM hRdaya ane phephasAMnI jema kalA ane vijJAna ekabIjA joDe nikaTa joDAyelAM che. eTale eka aMga jo bagaDe to bIjuM barobara kAma karI na zake. sAcuM vijJAna, amuka samayanA ane samAjanA loko je satyo tathA jJAnane sauthI mahattvanAM gaNe, temanuM saMzodhana karI manuSyone te badhAM spaSTa samajAve che. kalA A satyone mAnava-vicAranA kSetramAMthI UrminA kSetramAM laI jAya che. eTale vijJAne pasaMda karela mArga jo khATo hoya, to kalAe pakaDele mAgaeNya tevo ja khoTo hovAno. vijJAna ane kalA ApaNI nadIomAM eka vAra cAlatA, nAnAM laMgarovALA eka jAtanA vahANa jevAM che. moTA vahANane vaheNanI sAme laI javA pahelAM to nAnI nAnI hoDIo pelA vahANanAM laMgaro laIne AgaLa jatI ane laMgaro nAkhI AgaLa vadhavAnI dizAmAM pote sthira banatI. A hoDIonI peThe vijJAna AgaLanI pragatine dizA Ape che. lAMgarAyelI pelI hoDIo para moTo garagaDo raheto, ne tenuM doraDuM pelA moTA vahANe bAMdheluM hovuM; garagaDo pheravavAmAM Ave eTale peluM moTuM vahANa lAMgarelI jagAe kheMcAtuM Ave. kalA pelA garagaDA jevI che : pratyakSa pragati karavAnuM kAma te kare che. eTale vijJAnanI khATI pravRtti kalAmAM paNa tene anurUpa khoTI pravRtti nipajAve che. kalA, tenA vyApaka arthamAM, dareka prakAranI lAgaNIonuM vahana che; paraMtu tenA maryAdita arthamAM, ApaNe mahattvanI mAnelI evI lAgaNIo jo te vahana na kare, te tene ApaNe kaLA nathI kahetA. te ja pramANe, vijJAna, tenA vyApaka arthamAM, zakaya evA badhA ja jJAnanuM vahana che; paraMtu tenA maryAdita arthamAM, ApaNe mahattvanA gaNelA jJAnane ja vahe, tene ApaNe vijJAna nAma ApIe chIe. ane kalAe vahana karelI lAgaNIo tema ja vijJAne vahana karela jJAna - e beunA mahattvanI mAtrA, amuka samaye amuka samAjanI je

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192 kaLA eTale zuM? dharmapratIti hoya, eTale ke, te samaye te samAjanA loko potAnA jIvananA hetu viSe je sarvasAmAnya samaja dharAvatA hoya, te parathI nakkI thAya che. te hetunI siddhimAM je sauthI vadhAre phALo Ape tene sauthI vadhAre abhyAsa thaze, je ocho Ape tene ocho thaze, ane manuSyajIvananA evA sAphalyamAM je bilakula kazo phALo na ApatuM hoya te pUrepUruM uvekhAze, yA jo te bhaNAze to tevo abhyAsa vijJAna nahi lekhAya. hameza A pramANe thayuM che ane thavuM joIe, kAraNa ke, mAnava-jJAna ane mAnava-jIvana svabhAvata: evAM che. paraMtu ApaNA samayanA upalA vargonuM vijJAna koI dharmane mAnatuM nathI eTaluM ja nahi, dareka dharmane te mAtra vahema samaje che; tethI te upara jaNAvyo te prakArano viveka karI zakatuM nathI ne karI zake nahi. AjanA vijJAnIo evuM vidhAna kare che ke, ame dareka vastuno pakSapAta vagara abhyAsa karIe chIe. paraMtu "dareka vastu' eTale e to zumAra vagaranI kharekhara anaMta thaI gaI; ane badhIno ekasarakho abhyAsa karavo e to azakaya che. eTale A vidhAna te mAtra tattvata: karAya che; bAkI vyavahAramAM dareka vastuno abhyAsa nathI thato, ane je karAya che te niSpakSapAtapaNAthI kayAMya dUra hoya che, kAraNa ke, teno ja abhyAsa karAya che ke je vijJAna kAmamAM rokAyelA lokane eka to jarUranuM hoya che, ane bIjAM, temane je sauthI majedAra ke AnaMdaka lAge che. ane vijJAnamAM paDanAra upalA varganA lokone sauthI vadhAre joIe chIe e ke, je taMtra taLe temanA khAsa hako kAyama rahe che te taMtra Take; ane temane sauthI majedAra ke AnaMdaka vastuo e che, ke je temanI ALasabharI kutuhalatAne saMtoSe, bhAre mAnasika zrama temanI pAse na mAge, ane je vyavahAramAM utArI zakAya ke kAma lAge evI hoya: ane ethI vijJAnanI bemAMnI eka bAju mukhyatve ema siddha karavAmAM rokAI che ke, kAyama TakavA jevI jo koI vyavasthA hoya to te vartamAna vyavasthA ja che; manuSyanI icchAzaktithI para--- tene vaza vartanAra

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upasaMhAra 193 nahi evA - acala kAyadAne laIne e vyavasthA janmI che ane cAlu rahe che; ane tethI tene pheravavAnA badhA prayatno khoTA che ne nukasAnakAraka che. vijJAnanI A bAjumAM dharmatattvavidyA, philasUphI, itihAsa, ne arthazAstra Ave che, ke je badhAM sarakhI rIte vartamAna vyavasthAne mAphaka banIne ghaDAyAM che. vijJAnanI bIjI bAju te vyavahAropayogI ke prAyogika vijJAna. temAM Ave gaNita, khagoLa, rasAyaNa, padArthajJAna, vanaspatividyA ne bIjAM badhAM bhautika vijJAna. te badhAM sadaMtara evI ja vastuomAM paDelAM che ke jemane mAnava-jIvananA hetunI sAthe sIdho saMbaMdha nathI: kAMIka kevaLa kutUhalanI bAbatomAM, ke pachI evI vastuomAM ke je upalA varganA lokonA jIvana-vyavahAramAM upayogamAM laI zakAya evI hoya. ane ApaNA AjanA vijJAnIoe, (samAjamAM temanA potAnA sthAnane goThe evI) je bAbatone potAnA abhyAsa mATe pasaMda karI che, temanI evI pasaMdagIne vAjabI TharAvavAne mATe, barobara kala-khAtarakalA-vAda peThe, vijJAnane khAtara vijJAna che, evo vAda yojI kADhayo che. - jema kalA-khAtara-kalA-vAdathI dekhAya che ke, ApaNane majA ke AnaMda Ape evI badhI vastuomAM rokAvuM e kalA che, tema ja vijJAna-khAtara-vijJAna-vAda pramANe paNa, ApaNane jemAM rasa paDe teno abhyAsa eTale vijJAna che. eTale vijJAnanI eka bAju, manuSyoe potAno jIvana hetu pUrNa karavA kevI rIte jIvana gALavuM joIe eno abhyAsa karavAne badale, ema batAve che ke, ApaNI AsapAsanI badhI kharAba ane jUThI jIvanavyavasthAo acaLa ane nyAyI ke vAjabI che. ane tenI bIjI bAju je vyavahAra-vijJAna che, te yA to narI kutUhalatAnA praznomAM ke vyavahAropayogI yaMtrataMtranA sudhArAmAM rokAya che. vijJAnano pahelo bhAga nukasAnakAraka che; kAraNa ke, lokomAM te buddhibhedo UbhA kare che ne potAnA khoTA nirNayo calAve che eTaluM ja ka.-13

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194 kaLA eTale zuM? nahi, paraMtu potAnI hayAtImAtrathI te sAcA vijJAnane ghaTatuM sthAna pote pacAvI paDe che. tethI je nukasAna thAya che te A :- jIvananA sauthI mahattvanA praznono abhyAsa karavA javA mATe, dareka mANase pahelAM A badhAM jUThANAnAM koTaDAM, - ke je mAnAthI dareka mahavanA jIvanapraznanI AsapAsa khaDakAye gayAM che ane samagra mAnava-buddhinuM cAturya vAparIne jemane TaTArI rAkhavAmAM Ave che, temane badhAMne toDavAM paDe che. vijJAnane bIjo bhAga -ke jene mATe Adhunika vijJAna khAsa garva dharAve che ane ghaNA loka jene ekamAtra kharuM vijJAna gaNe che, te vyavahAra-vijJAna eTalA mATe nukasAnakAraka che ke, kharekharA mahattvanA viSayo parathI dhyAna caLAvI najIvA viSayo para te laI jAya che; ane te sIdhuM je nukasAna kare che te e che ke, pahele vijJAna-vibhAga je kharAba samAja-vyavasthAne vAjabI batAve che ne Teko Ape che tenA chatra taLe, vijJAne karelI moTA bhAganI vyavahAropayogI prasiddhi manuSyajAtanA lAbhamAM nahi paNa nukasAnamAM vaparAya che. kharekhara, bhautika vijJAnamAM thayelI badhI zodho, tenA AvA abhyAsamAM AyuSya arpanArA lokone ja mAtra ati mahattvanI ne upayogI lAge che. ane te paNa potAnI AsapAsa te jotA nathI, tathA zuM kharekhara mahatvanuM che te bhALatA nathI, tyAre ja tevuM dekhAya che. teo mAtra eTaluM kare ke, potAnA abhyAsanI bAbato teo potAnA je mAnasika sUkSmadarzaka yaMtrathI tapAse che tenAthI dUra khase, ne potAnI AsapAsa jue to temane tarata dekhAya che, je badhI bAbato temane bheLapaNabharyo garva dharAvatA banAve che te badhAnuM jJAna, pelA jJAnanI sarakhAmaNImAM,- ke je jJAnane temaNe eka bAjue pheMkI dIdhuM che, ane dharmatattvavidyA, dhArAzAstra, arthazAstra, nANAM zAstra vagerenA adhyApakone tenI vikRtio karavAne mATe sepI dIdhuM che, - te kevuM najIvuM che. temanuM jJAna eTale to "n-DAimezananI bhUmiti, AkAzagaMgAnA varNapaTanuM pRthakkaraNa, aNu-paramANunA AkAro, paththarayuganAM mANasonI khoparIonAM mApa, ane emane maLatI najIvI

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upasaMhAra 195 ja nahi, paraMtu jIvANuo, kSa-kiraNo vagere paNa. paraMtu teo AsapAsa jue to jaNAya ke, kharA vijJAnane chAjatI pravRtti eTale ApaNane je kazAno vyAsaMga ke rasa paDI jAya teno abhyAsa nathI, paraMtu kharI vijJAna-pravRtti manuSyajIvana kevI rIte ghaDIne vyavasthita sthApavuM, eno abhyAsa che. eTale ke, dharma, nIti, ane samAjajIvananA e badhA praznono abhyAsa - ke jemanA ukela vagara kudaratanuM ApaNuM jJAna mAla vagaranuM najIvuM ne nukasAnakAraka thAya. ApaNA vijJAne pANInI dhodha-zaktine kAmamAM levAnuM ne te dvArA kArakhAnAM calAvavAnuM zakya karyuM, athavA ApaNe parvatamAMthI bogadAM bhedI kADhayAM, vagere badhuM karyuM, tene mATe ApaNe khUba AnaMda ane bhAre garva mAnIe chIe. paraMtu emAM du:khanI vAta e che ke, dhodhanI zakti ApaNe zramajIvInA lAbhamAM nahi, paNa bhogavilAsanI sAmagrI ke mAnavaghAtaka yuddhanAM zastrAstro pedA karanAra mUDIvAdIone samRddha karavAmAM jotIe chIe. bogadAM koravAne mATe je suraMga-sAmagrIthI parvata uDADIe chIe, temane ja ApaNe yuddho mATe vAparIe chIe; ke jemAMthI aTakavAne ApaNo irAdo nathI eTaluM ja nahi, paNa jemane anivArya gaNIe chIe ne satata jemane sAru taiyArIo karIe chIe. Aje ApaNe "DipleriyAnA jaMtunI rasIthI roga rokI zakIe chIe, kSa-kiraNa vaDe zarIramAM peThelI soya khALI zakIe chIe, khUMdhAnI khUMdha sArI karI zakIe chIe, cAMdIno roga maTADI zakIe chIe, ane ajaba vADhakApa karI zakIe chIe. (te badhAM nirvivAda sthApita thaI cUke topaNa,) te badhI prApti mATe, ApaNe jo kharA vijJAnano satya hetu pUrepUro samajIe to, garva levo nA joIe. Aje narI kutUhalatAnA ke mAtra vyavahAropayogitAvALA viSayo pAchaLa je prayatno thAya che, temano 10 mo bhAga paNa mAnava-jIvanane eka susaMgaThita karatA sAcA vijJAna pAchaLa kharcAta, to je mAMdagImAM Aje loka sapaDAya che ne temanAmAMnI sAva nAnakaDI saMkhyAnA ja thoDAka jaNa ispitAlamAM

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16 kaLA eTale zuM? jaI sAjA thAya che, temanAM bhoga banatI saMkhyAno adha bhAga uparAMta te temAM sapaDAta ja nahi. ema thAta te, kArakhAnAMmAM UcharatAM lohI na letAM kUbaDAM bALako na hota, atyAranI jema bALamaraNanuM pramANa 50 TakA na hota, AkhI peDhIonAM kAThAM UtarI na jAta, vezyAgamana na hota, cAMdIne roga na hota, ane yuddhamAM lAkhonAM khUna thatAM na hota; athavA to jemane ApaNuM vartamAna vijJAna mAnavajIvananI eka jarUrI zarata mAne che te badhI pelI mUrkhatAbharI ane kamakamATI-janaka vAto na hota. vijJAnane khyAla ApaNe evo vikRta karI nAMkhyo che ke, ApaNe jo kahIe ke vijJAne bALamaraNa, vezyAvRtti, cAMdI, AkhI peDhIonI peDhIono hAsa, ane manuSyonAM jathAbaMdha khUna (yuddhanI katala) - e badhAne rokavA joIe, to ApaNA jamAnAnA mANasone te vicitra lAge che. ApaNane ema lAge che ke, mANasa prayogazALAmAM jyAre eka baraNImAMthI pravAhIne bIjImAM reDe, ke varNapaTanuM pRthakkaraNa kare, ke deDakAM i0 jAnavara cIre phADe, ke khAsa banAvelI vaijJAnika belImAM dharmatatva, philasUphI, itihAsa, arthazAstra, ke dharmazAstranA rUDha zabdasamUhonAM aspaSTa jALAM gUMthe,-ke je te gUMthanArane potAne ardhApardhA samajAtAM hoya che ne jemano irAdo e batAvavAno che ke, atyAre je che tevuM ja badhuM hovuM paNa joIe--Ama jyAre mANasa kare tyAre te vijJAna kharuM vijJAna che. paraMtu vijJAna -sAcuM vijJAna -evuM vijJAna ke je atyAre tenA eka ochAmAM ochA mahattvanA vibhAgane anusaranArAo je mAnano dAvo kare che te mAnane kharekhara pAtra hoya-e vijJAna muddala AvI jAtanuM nathI. kharuM vijJAna e jANavAmAM raheluM che ke, ApaNe zuM mAnavuM ne zuM na mAnavuM joIe, manuSyanuM samAjajIvana kaI rIte ghaDAvuM joIe; strIpuruSasaMbaMdhamAM kema vartavuM joIe; bALakone kema keLavavAM joIe; jamIna kevI rIte vAparavI joIe; bIjA lokonI para julama karyA vagara jAte kevI rIte tene kheDavI joIe; paradezIo joDe kema

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upasaMhAra 197 vartavuM joIe, pazuo pratye kema vartavuM joIe; ane evI evI mAnavajIvanane mATe mahattvanI bIjI aneka bAbato. kharuM vijJAna hameza AvuM hatuM ne hovuM joIe, ane ApaNA jamAnAmAM AvuM vijJAna nIpajavA lAgyuM che. paraMtu eka bAju, vartamAna samAjavyavasthAnI tarapheNa karanArA pelA badhA vaijJAnika loko A kharA vijJAnane inakAre che ne tenuM khaMDana kare che, ane bIjI bAju, vyavahAra-vijJAnamAM gUMthAyelA loko tene khAlI, binajarUrI ne azAstrIya vijJAna mAne che. dAkhalA tarIke, devaLadharmanA siddhAMtonAM behUdagI ne junavANIpaNuM batAvatAM, tathA ApaNA jamAnAne lAyaka evI buddhigamya dharmapratItinI jarUra che ema sAbita karI batAvatAM pustako ne pravacana bahAra paDe che. paNa (te viSayamAM) sAcuM vijJAna manAtI atyAranI dharmatattvavidyA e kRtionuM khaMDana karavAmAM, ane have taddana arthahIna thaI gayelA ne kayAranA junavANI banelA vahemo mATe samarthana ane AdhAra khoLavA pAchaLa, mAnavabuddhine vAraMvAra kasavAmAM mAtra rokAya che. athavA, ema batAvatuM dhArmika pravacana bahAra paDe che ke, jamIna khAnagI mAlakInI vastu na hovI joIe ane jamInanuM khAnagI milakatanA dhoraNa anusAra vyavasthAtaMtra Ama janatAnI garIbInuM mukhya kAraNa che. vijJAne kharA vijJAne AvA pravacanane AvakAravuM joIe ane e vicArane upADI laI te AgaLanAM phalito kADhavAM joIe, ema udhADuM lAge. paNa ApaNA jamAnAnuM vijJAna evuM kAMI karatuM nathI; UlaTuM, arthazAstra tenI sAme vicAra pratipAdana kare che ke, milakatanA bIjA badhA prakAronI mAphaka, jamInanI milakata mAlikonI nAnI saMkhyAnA hAthamAM uttarouttara kendrita thatI javI joIe. te ja pramANe vaLI manAvA lAgyuM che ke, sAcA vijJAnanuM kAma yuddha ane dehAMta-daMDanI abuddhitA, geralAbha, ane anItimattA, athavA vezyAvRttinAM amAnavatA ane nuksAna, athavA kephI cIjonA sevananAM

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198 , kaLA eTale zuM? ke pazuone khAvAnAM behUdagI, nukasAna ane anIti, athavA te dezAbhimAnanI abuddhitA, nukasAnakArakatA ane junavANIpaNuM, - A badhuM pratipAdana karI batAvavAnuM hoya. ane Ama karatI kRtio hayAta che, paNa te badhI azAstrIya lekhAya che; ane A badhI bAbato cAlu rahevI joIe ema sAbita karavA mATenA, tathA mAnavajIvananI sAthe kazA ja saMbaMdha vagaranA jJAnanI khAlI tarasa chipAvavAnA irAdAvALI kRtio zAstrIya gaNAya che! ApaNA samayanuM vijJAna potAnA khAsa hetuthI caLyuM che enuM sacoTa udAharaNa tenA je Adarza manAya che te che. keTalAka vijJAnIo temane Adarza tarIke AgaLa dhare che, ane moTA bhAganA vijJAnIo temane inakAratA nathI, paNa maMjUra rAkhe che. e Adarzo, hajAra traNa hajAra varSa pachI duniyA kevI thaze, e varNavatI mUrkha phezanebala copaDIomAM je rajU nathI thatA, paraMtu potAne gaMbhIra vijJAna-puruSo mAnanArA samAjazAstrIo paNa rajU kare che. A Adarzo e che ke, khetI dvArA jamInamAMthI khorAka meLavavAne badale rasAyaNI sAdhanAthI te prayogazALAomAM taiyAra thaze, ane kudaratI baLAnA upayoga vaDe manuSyazrama lagabhaga kADhI naMkhAze. eTale ke, atyAranI peThe, mANasa, pote pALelI maraghIe mUkeluM IMDuM ke potAnA khetaramAM ugADelA dhAnano roTalo ke pote ropelA ne najara AgaLa moratA ne phaLatA joyelA jhADanuM sapharajana nahi khAya; paraMtu jemAM amuka aMze teno phALo haze evA aneka lokonI sahiyArI majUrIthI prayogazALAmAM taiyAra thayelA svAdiSTa poSaka khorAka e khAze. manuSyane bhAgye ja majUrI karavAnI jarUra raheze; eTale, Aje upalA vargo jema ALasa mANI zake che, tema badhA mANaso karI zakaze. ApaNA jamAnAnuM vijJAna sanmArgethI keTaluM badhuM caLyuM che te, A AdarzonA karatAM vadhAre spaSTatAthI, bIjA kazAthI jaNAtuM nathI.

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19 upasaMhAra ApaNA jamAnAmAM lokonI ghaNI moTI saMkhyAne sAro pUrato khorAka (tema ja raheThANa, kapaDAM tathA jIvananI bIjI jarUriyAto ) nathI maLatAM. ane moTI saMkhyA pAse, tenI zaktinI uparavaTa jaI sakhata majUrI baLajabarIthI karAvavAmAM Ave che - jene pariNAme tenA hitane hAni pahoMce che. mAMhomAMhe jhaghaDo, ezaArAma, ane anyAyI dhanavaheMcaNI nAbUda karIne,-TUMkamAM kahIe te, asatya ane hAnikAraka vyavasthAno nAza karIne ne samajabharI mAnavajIvanapaddhati sthApavA dvArA A beu aniSTo sahelAIthI dUra karI zakAya. paraMtu vartamAna vyavasthitine vijJAna, grahonI gationI jema, acaLa mAne che; ane tethI te ema dhArI le che ke, vijJAnano hetu A vyavasthAnI asatyatA spaSTa karI batAvavAne ne navo samajabharyo jIvanamArga goThavavAno nathI, paraMtu vartamAna vyavasthAmAM rahIne, saune khorAka pUro pADavAno ane bhraSTa jIvana gALatA rAjyakartA vage Aje jevA ALasu rahe che tevuM saune mATe zakaya karavAne che. ane Ama kahetAM e vAta bhUlI javAya che ke, jAta-majUrI vaDe dharatImAMthI ugADelAM dhAna, zAkapAMdaDuM ne phaLaphUla dvArA maLatuM poSaNa vadhAremAM vadhAre AhalAdaka, taMdurasta, sIdhuM ane svAbhAvika che; ane potAnA snAyuone upayoga, lohInI ekasavaNI mATe jema zvAsocchavAsa, tema jIvananI hayAtIne mATe jarUrI zaratarUpa che. milakata ane majUrInI ApaNI khoTI vibhAjaNI cAlu rAkhavI, ane tenI sAthe evAM sAdhano zodhI kADhavAM ke jethI lokone rasAyaNavidyAthI taiyAra karAyelA kherAka vaDe barAbara poSI zakAya ane kudaratanAM baLa pAse temane mATe majUrI karAvAya, - A vastu enA jevI che ke, kharAba havAvALI baMdha oraDImAM mANasane rAkhavo ne pachI tenAM phephasAMmAM paMpathI prANavAyu ThAMsavAnuM sAdhana zodhI kADhavuM ! jyAre te mANasane mATe jarUra mAtra eTalI ja che ke, tene baMdha oraDImAM have jarA paNa vadhAre vAra pUrelo rAkhavo na joIe.

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200 kaLA eTale zuM? vanaspati ane pazu- sRSTimAM, khorAka utpanna karavAne mATe evI prayogazALA goThavavAmAM AvI che, ke jene koI prophesaro TapI na zake. ane A prayogazALAnAM phaLa cAkhavA mATe tathA temAM bhAga levA mATe mANase mAtra eTaluM ja karavAnuM che ke, potAmAM rahelI zrama karavA mATenI sadAya AnaMdaprada evI je Urmi,- ke jenA vagara jIvana pIDArUpa bane che -tene vaza vartavuM joIe. ane juo to kharA ! ApaNA jamAnAnA vijJAnIo, mANasone mATe sarjAyelI sArI vastuo vAparavAmAMthI je kAMI temane roke tene nAbUda karavAmAM potAnI badhI zakti lagADavAne badale, je paristhiti taLe rahetAM A badhI prabhunI AziSa samAna vastuothI temane vaMcita rakhAya che, tene ja te vijJAnIo acaLa che ema svIkAre che; ane manuSya AnaMdathI kAma kare ne dharatImAtA pAsethI potAnuM poSaNa meLave te Dhabe mAnavajIvana goThavavAne badale, teo evI paddhatio yoje che, ke je tene kRtrima garbhapAtanA phaLa jevo amAnuSI banAve ! A kAMI baMdhiyArapaNAthI mANasane khullI havAmAM AvavAnI madada karavAnuM na thayuM; paNa tene badale A to tene joIto prANavAyu paMpathI ThAMsavA jevuM ne evI goThavaNa karavA jevuM thayuM ke, potAne ghera rahevAne badale te gUMgaLAvaNA koI bheMyarAmAM bharAI rahe ! jo vijJAna khoTe mArge na cAlyuM hota, to AvA khoTA Adarzo saMbhavI na zakata. ane chatAM kalAthI vahana thatI lAgaNIo vijJAna pAsethI maLatA pAyA upara Uchare che- vadhe che. paraMtu AvuM unmArge vaLeluM vijJAna te vaLI kevIka lAgaNIo jagave? vijJAnanI eka bAju manuSyajAte atyAra sudhImAM vAparIne utArI kADhelI, ane tethI ApaNA jamAnA mATe Aje je kharAba ane ekadezI che, tevI junavANI lAgaNIo jagave che. ane tenI bIjI bAju evA viSayonA abhyAsamAM paDI che, ke jemane manuSyajIvana calAvavAnI

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upasaMhAra 201 sAthe kAMI levAdevA nathI; eTale potAnA svabhAvathI ja te kalAnA pAyA tarIke kAma daI na zake. eTale ApaNA jamAnAnI kalAe kalA banavAne mATe yA to vijJAnathI svataMtra rIte potAne rasto kADhavo joIe, athavA te paraMparAgata vijJAnavALAo temane amAnya evA pelA je (sAcA) vijJAnane dhutkArI kADhe che, tenI pAsethI doravaNI ke dizAsUcana levuM joIe. ane AjanI kalA atyAre potAnuM kArya adhUruM ja kare che tyAre paNa te A ja pramANe varte che. AzA che ke, kalA aMge je karavAno A prayatna meM karyo che, tevo vijJAna mATe paNa thaze. eTale ke, vijJAna-khAtara-vijJAna-vAdanI asatyatA sAbita karI dekhADAze; sAcA arthamAM khristano dharmabodha svIkAravAnI jarUra spaSTa batAvavAmAM Avaze; ane jene mATe ApaNe garva dharAvIe chIe te badhA ApaNA samagra jJAnanI, te bodhanA pAyA upara pharI mulavaNI karavAmAM Avaze. prayogasAdhita vyavahAra-vijJAnanI gauNatA ane najIvApaNuM tathA dhArmika naitika ne sAmAjika jJAnanI mukhyatA ane mahattva sthApana karavAmAM Avaze ane AjanI jema AvuM jJAna upalA vargonI ja doravaNI upara nahi choDAya; paraMtu, upalA vargo sAthe saMmatimAM nahi paNa temanA virodha chatAM, haMmeza satya jIvana - vijJAnane jemaNe AgaLa dhapAvyuM che, tevA badhA svataMtra ane satyapremI manuSyonA mukhya rasanI vastu e banaze. khagoLa, padArthavijJAna, rasAyaNa, ane jIvavidyA nathI yaMtravijJAna ane vaidaka-- A badhAM vijJAna manuSyajAtane dhArmika, dhArAzAstrIya, ke sAmAjika chetarapiMDImAMthI bacavA madada karI zake, ke koI paNa ekalA varganuM nahi paNa badhAM manuSyonuM kalyANa vadhe evuM kAma daI zake - ATalA pUrato ja temano abhyAsa thaze. - Aje to vijJAna eka bAjue vartamAna jIrNa samAjavyavasthAne TakAvavA mATe jarUrI evuM saphAIdAra dalIla-jALuM che; ane bIjI bAjue te, moTe bhAge nakAmI ke jarAtarA kAmanI paracUraNa mAhitIno ghATa

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202 kaLA eTale zuM? vagara -kaDhaMgo Dhole che. upara jaNAvyA pramANe tene abhyAsa thAya to ja te AvuM maTaze, ane ApaNA samAjanI dharmapratItimAMthI jharatAM satyonI manuSyone jANa karavI evA saune samajAya evA cokasa ane buddhiyukta hetuvALI eka ghATIlI ane jIvaMta AkhI cIja te banaze. ane tyAre ja, kalA, ke je hameza vijJAna upara AdhAra rAkhe che, te mAnavajAtanAM jIvana tathA pragatine mATe vijJAnanI barobara mahattvavALuM mAnava aMga banI zakaze, ke jevuM teNe banavuM joIe. kalA cenabAjI nathI, mananI AsAyeza nathI, manoraMjana nathI : te to eka mahAna vastu che. manuSyanI bauddhika pratItine lAgaNImAM utAranAruM mAnavajIvananuM e aMga che. ApaNA yugamAM manuSyonI sarvasAmAnya dharmapratItirUpa je mAnavabaMdhutA, tenuM sajaga bhAna che; ApaNe jANIe chIe ke, manuSyanuM kalyANa tenA mAnavabaMdhuo sAthenI ekatAmAM raheluM che. sAcA vijJAne A bhAnane jIvanamAM utAravAnI vividha paddhatio batAvavI joIe. kalAe A pratItinuM Urmi ke lAgaNImAM rUpAMtara karI ApavuM joIe. 1 kalAnuM kAma bhAre moTuM che. adAlate, polIsa, dharmAdA saMsthAo, kArakhAnAnuM nirIkSaNa, vagere bAhya sAdhano dvArA Aje manuSyomAM je zAMtimaya sahakAra sacavAya che, te kAma manuSyanI svataMtra ane AnaMdamaya pravRttithI sadhAvuM joIe. te karavAne mATe vijJAnanI madadavALI ane dharmanI doravaNIvALI evI sAcI kalA che. kalAe hiMsAne (manuSyajAtanA jIvanamAM) dUra karAvI ApavI joIe. * ke meMDa ahI A pramANe nIce noMdha kare che - "je aniSTa che tenA zarIrabaLanA koI prakAranA upayogathI sAmano na karavo joIe, e TaoNlaTaeNyano siddhAMta che, teNe pazcimI duniyAmAM bhAre mUMjhavaNa UbhI karI che, ane teno pUrepUro svIkAra bahu ja zeDA leko ja kare che. paraMtu A jagAe tene e evA svarUpamAM mUke che ke tenI sAme vAM kADha muzkela paDe. aniSTa sAme apratikArano A temano siddhAMta, ATalA TUMkANathI ane gaLe Utare evI tathA AkarSaka rIte, pUrve kadI rajU karavAmAM Avyo na hato."

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upasaMhAra ane A kAma mAtra kalA ja karI zake. hiMsA ane zikSAnI bhItithI svataMtra rIte, je badhI vastuoe maLIne Aje manuSyanuM sAmAjika jIvana zakaya banAvyuM che, ( ane kayAranAya ApaNI jIvanavyavasthAnA bhAre moTo bhAga AvA banI cUkayo che,) te badhI vastuo kalAe pedA karI che. lokoe dhArmika vastuo bAbatamAM kevuM vartana rAkhavuM; peAtAnAM mApitA, bALako, patnI, sagAMsabaMdhI, aparicita loka, tathA paradezIo pratye kema vartavuM; peAtAnA vaDIlo ne uparIo pratye, du:khI pratye, zatru pratye ane pazuo pratye kema vatavuM; -- A badhuM jo kalAthI lokomAM utAravAmAM AvyuM che, ane badhAnuM pAlana peDhI dara peDhI karoDo mANaso karatA AvyA che, ane te koI prakAranI hiMsA ke baLAtkAranI dhAkathI sadhAyuM nathI, paraMtu evI rIte ke evA badhA AcArona! rivAjonuM baLa kalA sivAya bIje koI raste DagAvI na zakAya; A pramANe jo thaI zakayuM che, to pachI kalA mAraphate, ApaNA jamAnAnI dharmapratItine vadhu anurUpa evA bIjA AcAronA rivAja paNa jagavI zakAya. kalA jo mUrti mATe, ( IzunA aMtima vALunA ) ' yukerisTa' saMskAra mATe, rAjAne mATe pUjyabhAva, sAthInA droha karavAmAM lajjAbhAva, dhvaja mATe bhakti, apamAnanuM vera vALavAnI jarUranI lAgaNI, devaLA racavA ne zaNagAravAne mATe majUrI arpavAnI AvazyakatAnA bhAva, svamAnarakSAnI pharaja, ke vatananI ijjata, kalA jo AvA bhAvA vahana karI zakI che, te te ja kalA dareka manuSyanA gauravane mATe tathA dareka pazunI jiMdagIne mATe pUjyabhAva paNa jagavI zake; mANasAne ezaArAmathI, hiMsAthI, verabhAvathI, athavA bIjAne jarUranI cIjane peAtAnI majA mATe karAtA upayogathI zaramAtA karI zake; lAkone mAnavasevAmAM, potAnI meLe ane umaMgabhera ane tema karyAnI khabara paDayA vinA, peAtAnuM balidAna ApavAnI pharaja pADI zake. 203 bhrAtRbhAva ane paDozI-premanI lAgaNI Aje samAjanAM uttama strIpuruSo ja mAtra dharAve che. kalAnuM kAma e lAgaNIne badhAM manuSyonI

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204 kaLA eTale zuM? eka sahaja Teva jevI lAgaNI, sahaja aMta:preraNA banAvI devAnuM che. kAlpanika paristhitimAM baMdhutA ane premanI bhAvanA jagavavA dvArA, dhArmika kalA pratyakSa jIvanamAM tene ja maLatA prasaMgomAM tevI ja bhAvanAo anubhavavA mATe manuSyane keLavaze; manuSyonA aMta:karaNamAM te evA pATA goThavI deze ke, lA A pramANe jemane keLave tevAM mANasanAM kAryonI gADI pachI kudaratI rIte e pATAo upara cAlaze. ane sArvabhauma kalA, bhinnamAM bhinna lokone eka sAmAnya lAgaNInA anubhavamAM ekaThA karavA dvArA, temanI vaccenI judAI nAbUda karI, lokone ekatAnI keLavaNI Apaze, ane tarkathI nahi paNa jIvanathI ja temane jIvananI joDe jaDAyelI maryAdAonI pAra pahoMcatI evI sArvabhauma ekatAno AnaMda batAvaze. ApaNA jamAnAmAM kalAnuM acUka kArya e che ke, mAnavakalyANa saunI ekatAmAM samAyeluM che e satyane tarkanA buddhikSetramAMthI lAgaNInA hRdayakSetramAM ANavuM, ane atyAranA hiMsAnA rAjyanI jagAe IzvaranuM eTale ke premanuM rAjya sthApavuM, ke je premacakrane ApaNe badhA mAnavajIvananA sarvocca hetu tarIke svIkArIe chIe. saMbhava che ke, bhaviSyamAM vijJAna kalAne hajI vadhAre navIna ane vadhAre UMcA Adarzo pragaTa karI batAve; paraMtu ApaNA samayamAM kalAnuM acUka kArya spaSTa ne cokkasa che : khristI kalAnuM kAma manuSyomAM baMdhubhAvanI ekatA sthApavAnuM che.

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puravaNI vauTa Ijha TUtha? " ["satya !-eTale zuM?"] ena. ena. ge nAme eka citrakAranA citranuM A nAma che. te bAibalanI eka kathAnA zabdo parathI che. A kathA Ama che - pelesTAInanA romana gavarnara pAIleTa pAse Izu khristane pakaDIne rajU karavAmAM AvyA. pAileTa joDe saMvAda thayo, temAM Izue evuM kahyuM ke, "huM to satyano baMdo chuM; prabhu enA rAhe dore tema vartu chuM." AthI pAileTe javAbamAM kahyuM-"satya eTale zuM?- satya vaLI zuM?' ema pUchavAmAM enI matalaba yA tenA praznane bhAva e hato ke, "satya te koNe jANyuM ! je jema mAne tema kharuM. satya to sApekSa vastu che." A praznanA javAbamAM Izu khrista mauna sevIne UbhA rahyA. pAileTane javAbanI garaja paNa nahotI; te to "voTa ijha TUtha?" -ema TUMkuM vadIne bahAra nagarajanonAM ToLAM vaLyAM hatAM tyAM cAlyo gayo. citrakAra gee A prasaMga AlekhatuM citra I. sa. 1890mAM TesTayanA gAma yArnayA-poliyAnAmAM, temanA ja khaMDamAM besIne doryuM hatuM. te pachI e piTarsabarganA citrakalA pradarzanamAM mukAyuM; paraMtu sarakAre tenA para pratibaMdha mUkIne baMdha karAvyuM. gee citranI nakala TesTayane ApI hatI. te joIne temaNe gene lakhyuM, "tamArA citranuM ja ciMtana cAle che. pradarzanamAM mUko che, te kevuMka lokane game che, te jANavA Atura chuM. temAM mane ciMtA pAIleTanA hAtha viSe che, - ke jemAM kAMIka bhUla to nathI thaI? tethI 205

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206 kaLA eTale zuM? citranA kasabI avalokanakAronA mata jANavA utkaMTha chuM. bAkI badhuM citra viSe huM jANuM chuM; bIjA koInA mata e aMge mAre jANavA nathI. " A citra yAsnayA-peAliyAnAmAM khAnagImAM batAvAtuM hatuM. gAma AkhuM e joIne gAMDuM thayuM hatuM. TaoNlsTaoNya to te joIne evA te AnaMda-ullAsa-magna thaI gayelA ke, divaseAnA divaseA enI ja vAta karyA kare! te kahe - mAro harSonmAda mAtA nathI. citrakAra kamAla che! bAibalanA TUMkaDo nAnA prazna - 'vhoTa ijha TUtha ?'-- tene marmArtha samajAvavAmAM bhalabhalA arthakAro ne bhASyakAro thAkayA che; A citra te palakamAM kahI de che. te jaNAve che ke, pAileTa krAisTane pUche mATe na hatuM; uttara te e praznamAM rahelA che : utArelA tucchakAra dvArA te prazna ja uttara ApI uttara mATe te UbhA paNa rahyo hato ? pAileTa Ama bolIne sIdhA ja ToLuM vaLelA lAko pAse ja gayelA." ane AgaLa jaNAve che ke,-- citramAM pAileTane bhAgavilAsI hRSTapuSTa mAtaMge deha ne te darzAvatI tenI garadana i0 che te batAve che ke, kayAM krAisTanI tapasvI tyAga-parAyaNa kRza kAyA ne AtmatejasvI mukhamudrA, ane kayAM romana rAjavI pAileTanA mijAja ne turachakAravALI chatAM ciMtita lAgatI mudrA ane kAmabhAgapuSTa kAyA ! Ama aneka rIte TaoNlsToye citrakAranI AgaLa tArIpha karI. te sAMbhaLI ge harSAzru-bharI AMkhe kahe, " mApha karo; stuti baMdha karo. garvathI chakIne citra doravAnuM ja mAruM maTI jaze !" * (6 che, te enA uttara pAileTanI mUrtimAM de che! ane kAM * A citrane ullekha A nibaMdhamAM nathI; chatAM TolsToyanI citra-parIkSA ane tenuM mUlyAMkana batAvatuM A dRSTAnta tema ja e citra vaye tenA vAcakane kahevuM ghaTe; tethI nibaMdhanI puravaNI rUpe aMte e ahIM ApyuM che.

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paricaya-sUci AIjhekaH bAibalanA "jUnA karAramAM AvatuM eka prAcIna pAtra. te abrAhamano chokaro thAya. tenA kuTuMba-jIvananI sAdI vAto ApaNu purANukathAo peThe khristIomAM ghera ghera jANItI che. teno dIkarA jekaba, enI vAtano ullekha paNa TaeNlasTaya kare che. ( juo jekaba). Isena, henrIka (1828-1906) navene nATakAra. tenAM nATakomAM rUDhi sAme baLavo hovA mATe virodha thayA chatAM, tene amuka lokapriyatA yuropamAM maLI che. te cAlu pratye TIkAtmaka vadhu che, je (nakArAtmaka chatAM) AjanA jamAnAmAM keTalAka saMzaya-ke-zUnya-vAdI vargone game che. iliyaTa, 4 (1819-80): iMgleMDanI prakhyAta strI-navalakAra. A tenuM takhallusa che. tenuM mULa nAma maeNriyana ivAnsa che. eNDama bIDa" tenI paMkAyelI navalakathA che. IliyaDa prAcIna grIsanuM mahAkAvya. lekhaka homara manAya che. helana nAme yuvatIne paeNrIsa nAme puruSa spArTAthI Treya hArI jAya che. tene pAchI ANavAnA prayatnanuM kathAnaka emAM che. temAM "Teyane ghere mukhya prasaMga bane che. deva-devIo tathA varAnAM parAkramathI bharapUra evuM A kAvya yurepabharamAM jANItuM che. IsaiyA pegaMbara: bAibalanA "junA karAramAM Avate eka pegaMbara. te graMthamAM AvatA badhA pegaMbaromAM A vadhAre prabhAvavALe manAya che. tenA nAmanuM eka svataMtra prakaraNa "jUnA karAramAM che. IsTara tahevAra,-"keka': nAtAla pachI bIje naMbare gaNuto khristI tahevAra. gharamAMthI Izu pAchA UThaDyA e emanA punarujajIvana aMge e paLAya che. tene arase eprila (vasaMta Rtu)mAM che. te UjavavA aMge "keka - kacerI-jevI vAnI karAya che, tene isTara-keka ' kahe che. ulIsesaH juo "eDesI "mAM. enthanI, saMtaH (eNnTanI" paNa kahevAya che. I. sa. 251-356.) te ijiptamAM janmyo hato. sAdhunA maTha-jIvanane mULa sthApaka gaNAya che. teNe 207

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208 kaLA eTale zuM? pitAnI milakata garIbone ApI sAdhupaNuM lIdhuM hatuM. te ekAMtamAM raheto; pachI tyAM eNe pitAne maTha sthApyuM hatuM. epikyuriyane epikyarasa nAmanA (I. pU0 341-270) grIka tattvajJAnInA anuyAyIo. tenuM nItizAstra eka prakAranA AnaMdavAda ke sukhavAdanI himAyata karanAruM hatuM. te parathI Aja "epikyuricana" eTale iDhiyArAma ke ezaArAmI evo artha thaI gayo che. joke temane mULa puruSa bhAre saMcamI jIvanane upadeza Apato. erisToTala (I. pU. 384-322): eka AgevAna grIka philasUpha pleTane ziSya hato. mahAna sikaMdarano te guru thAya. tenI pratibhA "kalikAlasarvajJa hemAcArya jevI hatI. eka paNa jJAnazAkhA tenA kALamAM tene hAthe zAstra banavAmAMthI bacI nathI. "kAvyakalA" para teNe graMtha lakhyo che. eNrisTophenIjha (I. pU. 448-380): eka mukhya grIka nATathakAra. nATakamAM kaTAkSa ane hAsyarasa utAravA mATe te khAsa jANIto che. teNe 54 nATako lakhyAM hatAM ema kahevAya che. hAla maLe che mAtra 11. teNe sokeTIsa para eka hAsya-nATaka lakhyuM che -"dhI kalAuDjha.' eNlana, grAnTa (1848-1899) egreja lekhaka. teNe navalakathAo ane vikAsavAda aMge lakhyuM che. te harbarTa spensarane bhakta hato. "zarIravidyAvAdI sauMdaryavijJAna" para teNe graMtha lakhyo che. temAM te kahe che ke, "sauMdaryanuM mULa bhautika che. suMdaratAnA citanamAMthI kalAkaya AnaMda maLe che, paNa sauMdaryano khyAla bhautika prakriyAthI maLe che." sauMdaryanI tenI daSTi spensarane maLatI ja che. (juo spensara) eskAIlasa (ITa pUla para5-456): mahAna prasiddha grIka nATakakAra. grIka karuNAnta nATaka prakhyAta che; teno pitA A mANasa gaNAya che. teNo 70 nATako lakhelAM. nATayakalAnA uttama namUnA tarIke aneka vAra ene inAma maLela. eDesI : yuropanuM bIjuM mahAkAvya. (paheluM juo iliyaDa.) te paNa homaranuM ja manAya te che. drauyanA verAmAMthI ulisesa nAme vIra, ithAkA deza pAchA jAya che, tenA pravAsanuM mahAkAvyarUpa varNana AmAM che. kara vAilDa(1856-1900): aMgreja lekhaka. kalA-khAtara-kalAvAdane bhAre puraskartA. AcAra aMge te zithila hato ema kahevAya che. te aMge eka kesamAM ene be varSanI jela paNa thaI hatI. sabhya samAjamAMthI te bahiSkRta jevo hato. tenAM nATakone sAhityamAM vivecako sthAna Ape che. kajhIna, viTara (1792-1867): kenca philasupha perIsamAM adhyApaka. te tarIke kalA upara teNe vyAkhyAna ApyAM hatAM. kosa tenA graMthamAM

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paricayasUci (" hisTarI opha estheTIka") kahe che, A vyAkhyAna mAM bahu mAla nahe, jeke bhAre zabdo bahu hatA. "paNa tethI ja te sAro AvakAra pAmelAM. tenAthI vadhAre kImatI vyAkhyAne to thiyoDara jekronAM hatAM.' (pA. 351) TosTaye temanA vyAkhyAonA sAramAM kajhIna viSe kahyuM che, "te jarmana AdarzavAdIono anuyAyI hato. tenA kahevA pramANe, hameza sauMdaryane naitika pAye hoya che. kaLA e anukaraNa che ane majA ke AnaMda Ape te suMdara, e siddhAMtanI sAme te che. te ema samarthana kare che ke, sauMdaryanI vastugata vyAkhyA ApavI joIe. soMdarya e vividhatAmAM ekatAnI aMdara khAsa karIne raheluM che." kAnTa (1724-1804) : yuropanI arvAcIna philasUphImAM eka ati gauravaprada sthAna bhogavanAra A vicAraka jarmanIno hato. AkhI jiMdagI adhyApaka-kAma karyuM. " tenA kalA vAdano pAyo nIce mujaba che :- mANasa pAse pitAnI bahAra vatI kudaratanuM ane kudaratamAM rahelA evA pitAnuM jJAna che. potAnI bahAra rahelI kudaratamAM te satya meLavavA mathe che; pitA mAM te sAdhutA meLavavA mathe che. pahelI vastu kevaLa buddhinuM kAma che; bIjI vastu vyavahAra-buddhi (svataMtra icchA zakita) nuM kAma che. prajJAna thavAnAM A be sAdhano uparAMta eka evI nirNayazakita paNa che, ke je tarka-vyApAra vagara nirNaya bAMdhe che ane icchA vagara-niSkAmapaNe majA ke AnaMda upajAve che. kalAkIya lAgaNIno pA A zakti che. . . ." - kavina, jana (1509-1564) yuropanA mATe khristI dharmasudhAraka. sviTajharalaeNnDano vatanI; myuriTana dharma zAkhAno eka utpAdaka. lyutharanA dharma karatAM te vadhAre tapa ane saMyama batAvanAra hatA. te paNa, lyuthara peThe, pipazAhI ne dharmanA saDA sAme thanAra hato. kirliMga, rUDayArDa (1865-1936): aMgreja kavi ne navalakAra. muMbaImAM janmele ne hidamAM patrakAra tarIke kAma karyuM hatuM. bhAre sAmrAjyavAdI hato. tenI kathAo bahu lokapriya thaI hatI. ladhukathAkAra tarIke teNe sArI nAmanA meLavI che. kIphanuM devaLaH raziyAnA te nAmanA vibhAganuM mukhya gAma. tyAM seMTa sephiyAnuM (raziyAmAM jUnAmAM jUnuM) devaLa che. kaeN nTAIna (I. sa. 281-337) rAmane bAdazAha. IsvI Adi saikAmAM prAcIna grIka paeNgana dharma ane navo khristI dharma jhaghaDatA, temAM Adi khristIo para bhAre damana cAlatuM. paNa teo potAnI aDaga zraddhA, sahana, ane balidAnathI mAga mukAvatA. aMte A bAdazAhe khristI dharma ka.-14

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210 kaLA eTale zuM? svIkAryo, ne tyArathI te surepamAM rAjyasattAnA sahakAramAM vadhavA lAgyuM. khristI dharmanA "azAka" jevo mahAna te gaNAya. kiliMgara, keDarIka maeNkisamiliyana (175-1831) jarmana nATakakAra ane kavi geTenA gAmane ne tene mATe cele hato. gu (1854-1888) phenca sauMdaryamImAMsaka. tenA kalAvAdanuM varNana TolasToye A graMthanA trIjA prakaraNamAM Ama ApyuM che - te ema kahe ke, sauMdarya e vastunA pitAnAthI bAhya evuM kAMIka nathI; tene lAgele nakAme vaLagATa paNa e nathI; paraMtu jyAM te pragaTe che tyAM te jANe tenI kaLI samI khilavaTa che. kaLA e buddhiyukta ane jAgrata jIvananuM nirUpaNa che, ane te ApaNA mAM sattA ke astitvanuM UMDAmAM UMDuM bhAna ane sarvocca lAgaNIo tathA vicAro jagave che. kalA manuSyane, ekasamAna vicAro ne mAnyatAonA samAna anubhavathI ja nahi paNa lAgaNInI samAnatAthI paNa, vaiyaktika jIvanamAMthI sArvabhauma jIvanamAM unnata kare che." geTe (1749-1832) : jarmana mahAkavi. tenuM prakhyAta nATatha-kAvya nAme "phasTa," khUba mazahUra che. tene laIne te eka maTe yuropIya kavi manAya che. kAlIdAsanA zAkuMtalane te bhAre prazaMsaka hato. gUgala, nikolAI vAsilivIca, (1809-para) : raziyana navalakathAkAra. raziyA bahAra paNa sArI prasiddhi pAme che. tenI jANItI kathA DeDa seTsa" nAme che. aipina (1817-1849): pilaeNnDane prakhyAta saMgItakAra ne piyAnovAdaka. piyAne-saMgItane te khAsa khAM manAya che. saMgItamAM romAMcaka zilIvALe e hate. juliyana (I. sa. 331-363) remana samrATa. te khristI thayelo, paNa pAcho kheMgana-dhamI bane. tethI tene "dharmabhraSTa " vizeSaNa maLyuM che. jaiba AIjhekano putra (juo AIjheka): bApano Akhe vAra khAvA teNe potAnA bhAI ezune jUThuM bolIne chetaryo. tene gussAthI bacavA te gherathI nAThe. paNa pazcAttApa karI pAchA AvI ezune maLe. ema te pAche pitAne ghera AvI prabhuno prema-pAtra banyuM. tenuM ja bIjuM nAma IjharAila paNa paNa che. tene putra te je sapha. jenesisa: bAibalanuM Adi prakaraNa. sRSTinI utpattithI saphanA mRtyu sudhInI jagatanI kathA temAM ApavAmAM AvI che. na jodo, thiyeDara (1796-1942): phenca philasUpha ane adhyApaka. teNe kaI svataMtra siddhAMta rAkhyo nathI, paNa tatvanI rajUAta te AbAda

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paricaya-sUci 211 karata. sTeya ene mATe lakhe che ke, "tenA kahevA pramANe, dazya jagata deharUpI vastra che ke je sAdhana vaDe ApaNe saundarya joI e chIe." saphaH jekabano putra. (juo jekaba.) bhAI bhAImAM tela kevI kharAba vastu che e vize Ano dAkhale bAibalamAM che. tenA bhAIe eno dveSa karatA, kema ke te pitAne vahAle hato. te jaMgalamAM marI ga, evI vAta temaNe calAvI. A parathI samajI te ijipta cAlyo gayo. tyAM te caDatAM caDatAM rAjAno dIvAna banyo. A bAju tenA pitA ne bhAIo dukALamAM mare che evI khabara paDatAM, jesaphe AkhA parivArane ijipta bolAvI mAnathI rAkhyo. AmAMthI ijiptamAM te vasyA, jyAMthI AgaLa upara pegaMbara mUsA temane pAchA vatanamAM laI Ave che. jJAnodaya yugaH yuropamAM 15mA saikAthI prAraMbha thayelo yuga. tenI zarUAta I. sa. 1453mAM konsTaTinopala paDayuM tyArathI gaNAya che. madhyayugamAM je grIka jJAna-vijJAna dabAI gayuM hatuM te A banAvathI chatuM thayuM. tethI prAcIna grIka jIvanadaSTi yurope pAchI joI-jANuM. teNe je kAMti zarU karI tene jJAnodaya yuga kahe che. enA ja anusaMdhAnamAM bhaugolika ze ane navA proTesTaMTa dhamano yuga paNa zarU thayo. arvAcIna yuropana sudhAro ahIMthI zarU thatA gaNAya che. jhAlA, emila (1840-1902) mahAna pheca navalakathAkAra. eka mATe lAMbe viSaya laI tene teNe aneka kathAonI mALA dvArA cItaryo che. A kaMthAethI te bhAre nAmanA pAmyo. pachI to te je lakhe te vaMcAvA lAgeluM. eka nirdoSa mANasane bacAvavAmAM teNe je jahematabharyo puruSArtha karyo, tenAthI te eka svataMtra nyAyapriya nAgarika tarIke paNa khUba vakhaNAya che. rajaneva, AilaeNna (1818-83)H raziyana navalakathAkAra. tenuM paheluM lakhANa " mainsa noTabuka" 1846mAM bahAra paDayuM. navalakathAkAra tarIke te AgalI haroLamAM raziyAmAM gaNAya che. paNa te upalA vargano ne temanI dRSTino ja lekhaka gaNAya. apTana siMkalera paNa tenA "eNmana ArTa'mAM TaoNsTeca peThe ja TIkA kare che ke, "TajenevanuM kathA-vastu A rAmI vargone sUjhatI kathAonuM ja hatuM. . . . te ArAmI vargonI paraMparAne niyativAdI ane zaherI azraddhAvALe kaLAkAra che." Tiziyana (1477-1576): eka sauthI mahAna gaNAte yuropano citrakAra. te iTAlIno hato. TausTaca kahe che ema, enuM citra eTale kaLA ja, emAM pUchavAnuM kevuM !- evo tene viSe bhAva baMdhAyela che.

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kaLA eTale zuM? TeIna, hippAlAnTa eDolpha (1828-1893) : mahAna phrenca vivecaka ane itihAsakAra. te uparAMta teNe klAmImAMsA para paNa graMtha lakhyo che. tenA jamAnAmAM eka prakhaLa vicAra-zAkhA sthApavA jevA prabhAvI te hatA. kaLA aMge tenA maMtavyane sAra ApatAM TaoNlsTaoNya kahe che ke, " TeInanA kahevA pramANe, sauMdarya e kAI paNa mahattvapUrNa bhAvanA mukhya lakSaNanA, vastutAe vyakta thatA hoya, tenA karatAM vadhAre paripUrNa AviSkAra che. ' klAnI mImAMsAmAM te itihAsa ane vijJAnanI paddhatie cAlavA mathe che. 212 TaeNssA ( 1544-'95 ): tenA saikAnA eka meTA iTAliyana kavi. tenu mukhya vakhANeluM kAvya che ' jerusalema DilIvaDe. yuropanI ghaNI bhASAomAM te Utaryu che. DAnTa (1265-1321): prasiddha iTAliyana kavi. 'DivAina kaoNmeDI' nAme tenA graMtha prasiddha che. te eka nIvaDI cUkela kavi tarIke paMkAya che, ne kAvyakalAmAM dheAraNarUpa lekhAya che. DArvina, cArlsa' rAkhaTa (1809-1882):prakhyAta aMgreja vijJAnI. vikAsavAdanA praNetA. 'erijIna oNpha dhI pIzIjha'enA vAdanA pratipAdanagraMthanuM nAma che. TaoNlsTaoNya kahe che ke, "tenA kahevA pramANe, saudaryAMnI lAgaNI mANasane ja nahi, prANIone paNa sahaja che ane tethI karIne mANasAnA pUrvajone sahaja che. pakSIe peAtAnA mALA zaNagAre che ane naranA sauMdaryanI kadara kare che . . . sauMdarya mAM niranirALA khyAlAnI vividhatA samAyelI che. saMgItakaLAnuM mULa nara tenI mAdAne khelAve che te che. Dikansa, cArlsa (1812-'70): iMglaeNMDanA bhAre lokapriya navalakathAkAra. garIba dazAmAMthI Apamahenate teNe A pada meLavyuM hatuM. teNe aneka graMtho lakhyA che. TaoNlsTaoNya tene zekasapiyarathIca UMcA kalAkAra mAne che, tenI mukhya navalakthAe DeviDa kaoNparaphilDa' ane 'pikavika peparsa'' i che, DusIka (1860-1937): phrenca vivecaka ane ekeDemIne! sabhya. adhyApaka hatA. DenTe e 'DAnTe', : DeviDaH 'jUnA karAra'mAM (khAibalamAM) AvatA eka mahAna rAjA. tenAM bhajane paNa khAimalamAM che. peAtAnA parAkramathI teNe gAdI meLavI. mULa te bharavADa hateA. te Izvarane bhakta ne zraddhALu hatA. OMna visAta : sarvAnTIsa ( 1547-1616) nAme speniza lekhakanI prakhyAta navalakthA. yurApanI madhyayugIna premazauya'nI saMskRti upara bhAre

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paricayasUci 213 kaTAkSamaya citra. kathAnA vaividhyapUrNa rasane laIne jaga-sAhityamAM te sthAnA pAme che. DesToskI (1821-81) : prakhyAta raziyana navalakathAkAra. tenI aneka kathAo aMgrejImAM UtarI che. "kAIma enDa panizamenTa' temAM eka jANItI che. davisI, liyonArDo (1452-1519) ITAlIno mahAna pratibhAzALI citrakAra, sthapati ane zi9pI. "IzunuM chelluM vALu" e tenuM citra khUba paMkAyuM che. citrakalAmAM Adarza rUpe e manAya che. delAza, pala (1797-1856 )H prakhyAta phreMca citrakAra. (itihAsanAM citra khAsa dorate.) kAvyanI gUDha asara karatAM tAdazatAnI pratyakSa asara sarajIne te Ama-lakane cepI zakato. A rIte itihAsanAM pAtro uparAMta, khristI dharmanA itihAsanAM Adi pAtro paNa teNe cItaryA che. dhI gehaDana kApha: prAcIna yahudIomAM "kApha' vAchaDAnI senAnI mUrti pUjatI. te mUrtipUjAne pigaMbara mUsAe aMta A. nize ( 1844-1900): mahAna jarmana lekhaka. "atimAnava" - suparamena'-nA Adarza pUjArI. upalA vargonA guNe tene saheje sArA lAgatA. AnI joradAra himAyata teNe pitAnAM lakhANamAM karI che. nItirItinI paravA vagara narI atizaktinI A pUjAne durupaga sArI peThe thayo che. siMkalera ("eNmana-ArTa pA. 302) tenA graMtha "basa peka jarathuSTra"nA AvA "mukta-zakti-vAda" mATe kahe che ke, temAMthI narI chAkaTApaNAnI samaja ghaTAvatAM cetavuM joIe. ne tenA dAkhalA tarIke te boDalera, valena, museTa, pa, ane DAusana TAMke che. pAkala (1623-1662) prakhyAta pheca philasUpha ane gaNitI. te dhArmika vRttine mANasa hato. gaNitazAstramAM teNe aneka zodha karelI che. jevI ke jaLazaktinuM presa, baeNremiTara vaDe UMcAI mApavI, i. chevaTe sAdhu thaI te eka maThamAM dAkhala thayo hate. pITara pahele (raziyAne) (1672-1725)H "mahAna" pITara kahevAya che te raziyAnA jhAra. pukina (1799-1837): raziyana kavi. paradeza khAtAnI kacerImAM nokarI karato hato. tenuM sauthI sAruM kAvya "Eugene Onyegin " kahevAya che te 1832 mAM bahAra paDeluM. 1837mAM tenA sATu bhAI joDe hRddha laDavAmAM marI gayela.

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kaLA eTale zuM ? peAtI 'jUnA karAra'mAM AvatuM eka pAtra. esaph ijipta jaI zarUmAM A mANasane tyAM rahelA. tenI strI enA premamAM paDI, paNa jesak aDaga rahyo; tenAM praleAbhanamAM na phasAyA. (jIe josapha) 214 pAliziyana lokAH 7 mA saikAmAM sIriyAmAM nagelI eka khristI jamAta. te tyAranA cAlu dharmanI virAdhI hatI. saMta paula parathI tenuM nAma che; tenA para A lAka zraddhALu hatA. tene rAjasattA taraphathI khUba veThavuM paDayu hatuM. khageAmilAITa leAkeA temAMthI AgaLa upara AvelA kahevAca che. cuvIsa 6 sevanIjha (1824-'98) phrenca citrakAra. bApIke ijanerI dhadhA karatA hatA. paNa iTAlInA pravAsamAMthI AvI, te badalI, citrakaLA tarapha te vaLyo. citrazALA paNa calAvatA. 'rASTrIya lalita kalA maMDaLanA pramukha thayA hatA. pleTo (I sa0 pU0 427-347): grIsanA mahAna tattvajJAnI ne vicAraka, sokreTIsane jagajAhera ziSya, eziyAmAM ' aphalAtUna " nAmathI ALakhAyA hatA. tenA mahAna graMtha * ripablika'mAM teNe kalAnA vastunI carcA karI che. te evA prazna uThAve che ke, * kalA buddigrAhya vastu che ke buddhibAhya ('izanala') che ? uttama adhyAtma kSetra, ke jyAM tattvajJAna ane sadAcAra vilase che, te kSetranI vastu e che, ke manuSyanA kSudra kSetramAM jyAM indriyArAma ne jaDa vAsanAvege rahe che tyAMnI vastu e che ? ' (krAsa-hisTarI oNpha estheTika' pA. 158.) tene javAba pleTAe e ApyA ke, te khInna kSudra kSetranI cIja che; " tethI mAnavacitta majabUta nahi paNa bhraSTa thAya che; te mAtra indriyasukhanI ja sevA karI zake; tethI pU prA-rAjyamAMthI tene bahAra rAkhavI joIe. " (ejana pA. 159.) tenA graMthamAM sau da''nI carcA Ave che, paraMtu "tene klA ke klAkIca sauMda` sAthe kazI levAdevA nathI. (ejana-163) "" TaoNlsTaoNya Ama ja kahe che; paNa pleTA joDe te saMmata nathI thatA ke, kalAne khAtala karavI joI e; kema ke, te khAtala na karI zakAya evI avibhAjya mAnava zakti che, ema mAne che, pleTAe ene ema pichAnI na hatI. pluTArka (I0 sa0 50-120): grIka hatA, paNa meATA bhAga rAmamAM rahyo hatA. teNe lakhelI jIvanakathA mATe te yuropanA sAhityamAM amara che. A kathAoe aneka sAhityakArone nATaca kAvya 40 lakhavAne vipula sAmagrI ApI che. pleTInasa (I. sa. 204-270 ) : misaramAM te janmyA hatA ne elekajhAnDriyAmAM philasUphI bhaNyA hatA. te rAmana hatA, ne rAmamAM teNe

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paricaya-sUci 215 philasUphInuM vidyAlaya kADhayuM hatuM. te pleTanI paraMparAmAM mAnanAro hato. kalAnI mImAMsA gaDha tattvane AdhAre karavAmAM te pahelA manAya che, joke tenI mULa dRSTi te pleTanA tattvajJAnanA siddhAMta parathI ja che. phiDiyAjha (I. pU0 490-432) prakhyAta grIka zi9pI. pirikalIse tene ethensa zaNagAravAnA kAmamAM lIdhela. "ethInA " devInuM tenuM pUtaLuM prakhyAta che. yuropane sauthI mahAna eka zi9pI te gaNAya che. eka pUtaLAnI kalpanAmAM dharmavimukha Alekhana karavA mATe tene jelamAM nAMkhelo ne tyAM ja e marI gayo. phiza, johana geTalIba (1762-1814)H jarmana philasUpha. kAnaTano paTTaziSya hato; tenA vicArone AgaLa levAne phALe eNe tattvajJAnakSetramAM ApyuM che. TaoNlsTaoNya temanA pustakanA vyAkhyA-prakaraNamAM tene viSe Ama lakhe che - "phiza kahe che ke, sauMdaryanuM prajJAna Ama udabhave che? -duniyA eTale ke kudaratane be bAju cheH eka bAju te ApaNI maryAdAone saravALe che; to bIjI tarapha te ApaNI svataMtra vicAra-pravRtino saravALo che. pahelI bAju pramANe duniyA maryAdita - baddha che; bIjI bAju pramANe te svataMtra che. pahelI dRSTie dareka padArtha maryAdita,virUpa, saMkucita, baddha che - eTale ApaNe virUpatA joIe chIe. bIjI draSTie ApaNe tenI AMtarapUrNatA, cetanatA ane punarjIvana bhALIe chIe - eTale ApaNe sauMdarya joIe chIe. eTale phiza kahe che ke, padArthanI virUpatA ke sarUpatA cA suMdaratAne AdhAra jenAranA dRSTibiMdu upara che. tenI suMdaratAnuM adhiSThAna jagata nathI, paNa suMdara AtmA che. kaLA e A suMdara AtmAno AviSkAra che, ane tene hetu mAtra mananI ja keLavaNI nahi (te kAma paMDitonuM che), mAtra hRdayanI ja nahi (te kAma nIti-zikSakonuM che), paraMtu samagra mAnavanI keLavaNuM che. tethI sauMdaryanI khAsiyata koI bAhya cIjamAM nahi, paNa kalAkAramAM suMdara AtmAnI hayAtImAM rahelI che." krAnsisa, (esisIne) saMta (1182-1226): eka UMcA gharane nabIro hate. e sAdhu thaye ane zuddha khristI dharmanI jota jagavavA teNe bhAre tapa ane sAdhanA karI. tenA nAmane eka sAdhu-paMtha Ajeya cAle che. tyAga, saMnyAsa ane aparigraha tathA sevA e tenAM mukhya lakSaNe hatAM. ( juo mahAdeva desAI kRta "saMta krAnsisa') kenca udAravAdIe (pA. 15): aMgrejImAM temane "eleTika' kahe che. A zabda grIka parathI che, jeno artha "huM pasaMda karuM chuM" thAya che.

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216 kaLA eTale zuM? A vAdIo aneka bhinna bhinna matemAMthI sAra tAravI amuka vahevAru nirNaya para pahoMcavA maLe che, te parathI e nAma temane maLyuM che. AvA phrenca udAravAdIo 19mA saikAmAM thayA; temAMnA mukhya che kajhIna, jephre, revaIsa, vagere. (juo pA. 22 tathA paricaya-sUcimAM te te nAmo.) bana-jonsa (1833-8)H eka prasiddha aMgreja citrakAra. balijha, hekaTara (1803-69): pheMca saMgItakAra. "progrAma'saMgIta ane vRMdavAdana (" ausTrA ') mATe te khAsa paMkAya che. romaeNTika zailIne puraskartA tarIke jANItuM che. bAka, johana sebasTiyana (1985-1750): jarmanIno eka sauthI mATe saMgItakAra. bithovana peThe ja tenI cIjoya yuropamAM uttama tarIke paMkAya che. bAyarana, leDI (1788-1924): iMgleMDano eka jANIto kavi. tenI kIrti tenA kALamAM to khUba ja hatI; ane te vilAyata karatAM yuropa khaMDamAM vadhAre hatI. paNa dhIme dhIme iMgleMDamAM have teTalI rahI nathI, joke eka moTA kavi tarIkenuM tenuM rathAna akSata che. te bhAre ajaMpAvALa ne raMgIle mANasa hato. romAMcaka zailIne te gaNAya che. - bithovana, laDaviga phena (1770-1827) yuropano mazahura saMgItakAra. jarmana hatuM. teNe prayojelI cIjo saMgItakaLAnA namUnA ja gaNAya, evI tenI pratiSThA che. bekaeNziye (1313-1275): madhyayugIna iTAlIno lADIla darabArI kavi ane navalakAra. tenI prakhyAta kRti "DakAmerauna; temAM rAjA, amIra umarA tathA khristI sAdhu sAdhavI vagerenAM jIvananuM khulluM citra che. tethI pipa Ine te gameluM nahi. navalakathA lakhavAnI kaLAne Adi pravartaka te manAya che. baeNgemilAITa" lokaH tene zabdArtha thAya che "IzvaranA priya" leka. raziyAnA "grIka carca'ne eka phAMTe A che. 12mA saikAnI zarUAtamAM eno udaya batAvAya che. tenuM sthAna grIsa ne balbariyA. lagabhaga 16mA saikA sudhI A paMtha cAlu hato. baeNDalera, cArlsa piyara (1821-1867)H kaeNca kavi. vicitra ane rogagrasta mAnasa bharelA viSa para te lakhato, tethI tenA para kesa calAvavAmAM Avelo (jAhera azlIlatA mATe). AcAramAM bhraSTa hato, uDAu hate, ne aphINiye paNa hatA

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paricayasUci bomagArTana, elekajhAnDara geTalIba, (1714-1762): jarmana hatuM. philasUphIne adhyApaka hato. kalAne eka svataMtra mImAMsA tarIke teNe nirUpavAnuM zarU karyuM; te aMge "estheTikasa' (saudaryamImAMsA) zabda eNe pahelo vAparyo. ensAikalapIDiyA briTAnikA kahe che ke, A nAma ja batAve che ke, enI kalAmImAMsA kevI adhUrI ane AMzika hatI; AthI eNe eka evuM tattva batAvyuM ke je lAgaNI ke saMvedana jevuM asthira che, ane chatAM sauMdaryanA prazno viSe nirNaya karavA mATe tene eNe aMtima kAraNa batAvyuM." tenA kalAvAdanuM varNana TaoNlsTaoNya trIjA sAra-prakaraNamAM Ama Ape che: tarkagamya jJAnane hetu satya che, kalAkIya (eTale ke iMdriyagamya) jJAnano hetu saudarya che. sauMdarya e iMdriyo dvArA parakhAtuM parama pUrNa che; satya e buddhi dvArA pratIta thatuM parama pUrNa che; sAdhutA e naitika icchAzakti dvArA paheAMcAtuM parama pUrNatva che. sauMdaryanI vyAkhyA bAmagArTana paraspara-saMgatatA, eTale ke, samagranA saMbaMdhomAM tathA paraspara pitapatAnA saMbaMdhamAM avayavo ke khaMDenI vyavasthiti,-evI kare che. sauMdaryano pitAno hetu majA ke AnaMda ApavAno ne icchA ke kAmanAne uttajavAno che. . . . sauMdaryane pragaTa thavA viSe bamagATana mAne che ke, tenI sarvoca mUrti ApaNane kudaratamAM UtarelI maLe che. ane tethI tene lAge che ke, kalAne sarvocca hetu kudaratanuM anukaraNa che. * * * brAnsa, johansa (1833-97): jANIto jarmana saMgItakAra. teNe saMgItanI 300 cIjo racI, yuropabharamAM prathama varganA saMgItakAra tarIke nAmanA meLavI che. braTana, julsa (1827-1906): eka jANIte keca citrakAra. mAIkela ejele (1474-1563)H iTAlIne vikhyAta citrakAra, zilpI ane sthapati. yuropamAM dhaDArUpa gaNAte eka mahAna kalAkAra A che. mAneTa (1832-1883) mATe phrenca citrakAra. marsa, kAla (1818-1883) : samAjavAdo jANata praNetA. jarmana yahUdI hate. "kaeNpiTala" tenuM mukhya pustaka che. khUba muzkelI ane garIbI veThIne paNa teNe potAnuM garIba-sevAnuM mizana pUruM karyuM. te pArthiva vikAsavAdI dRSTimAM mAnanAro hato. Taca teno ullekha kare che. mAsela prosTa (I. sa. 1871-1922 ) phenca navalakathAkAra. TaoNlsTaoNyane samakAlIna. te nATakAra paNa che. 1909 mAM tene keca ekeDemInuM sabhyapada maLyuM.

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218 kaLA eTale zuM? mANUsa, TaoNmasa (1766-1834): aMgreja pAdarI hato. arthazAstramAM vastInI vRddhinA praznano abhyAsa karI teNe eka vAda ro che, jeno ullekha TasTaoNya kare che. keTalIka vakhata te arthazAstrane adhyApaka paNa hato. saMtatiniyamana A mANasanA vAdane pariNAme jAgela nIti che. mileTa (1814-1875): eka mahAna keca citrakAra. milTana, jona (1608-74): iMglenDanA prakhyAta moTe kavi. "pereDAIjha lesTa " tenuM mukhya kAvya gaNAya che. aMgrejImAM virala zeDAM mahAkAmAM te eka che. mAnava svAtaMtrya mATe bhAre abhimAnI hato. te sAru teNe ThIka ThIka sahyuM paNa hatuM. museTa, lUI AphreDa da (1817-1857)H jANate keca lekhaka - kavi, navalakAra ne nATakakAra. te phrenca sAhityamAM pahelI haroLamAM mukAya che. maeNTaralika, merIsa ( 1862-1949 ) : beljiyamano jANIto sAhityakAra, nibaMdha, nATaka, kAvya paNa teNe lakhyAM che. tene " UdhaInuM jIvana" nibaMdha gujarAtImAM Utaryo che. merI meDalIna ? bAibalanA navA karAramAM AvatI, Izu khristanI eka dRSTAMtakathAnuM pAtra. te rUpAvI hatI, paNa pastA karI, te Izune zaraNe jaI pavitra banI hatI, evI te AkhyAcikA che. , maneTa (1804-1840): jANItA kenca citrakAra. pAMsAM (1850-1893) keca kavi ne navalakathAkAra. laghukathAkAra tarIke te khAsa nAmIcA thaye che. 19 mA saikAnA phrenca sAhityakAromAM tenuM nAma amara thayuM che. meliyara (1802-1873) : hAsyarasanAM nATaka lakhanAra nAmAMkita keca sAhityakAra. tenAM keTalAMka nATaka gujarAtImAMya UtaryA che. yuripiDIjha (I. pU. 480-406): sauthI moTA gaNAte grIka karuNAMta nATakakAra. 75 nATako teNe lakhyAM, jemAMnAM 18 Aje sacavAI rahelAM maLe che. nATakakaLAnA Adarzane eka sthApaka gaNAya che. raphela, sAjhiyA (1483-1520 ): mazahUra iTAliyana citrakAra. tenAM citro yuropabharamAM apratima koTinAM lekhAya che. rAmanAM moTAM maMdire tathA (papanA mahela) vaeNTikanamAM cItarelAM tenAM bhIMtacitro khUba jANItAM che. nAna, ane sTa (1923-1892): keca philasUpha ane svataMtra vicAraka. teNe kaeNthalika pAdarI tarIke jIvana zarU kareluM; paNa citana ane abhyAsa bAda e kAma teNe choDavuM; ane purAtatvavida tathA lekhaka ane adhyApaka tarIke pachInuM AyuSya pUruM karyuM; "krAisTanuM jIvana" tenuM

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paricaya-sUci 219 jANItuM eka pustaka che. bAibalano abhyAsa karavA te hibru zIkhe hato ane semiTika pradezanAM tenAM badhAM sthaLanuM purAtattva jevA jAte gaye hatuM. eka mahAna vicAraka tarIke kAsamAM te mazahura che. kaLAnA viSayamAM te eka jagAe kahe che ke, "khristI dharmanI A eka cAkhI bhUla hatI. te kevaLa nItidharma che; sauMdaryane te sAva khatama karI de che. paNa saMpUrNa philasUphInI dRSTie, sauMdarya . . . to sadgaNa peThe IzvarI bheTa che." ane buddhi, kazI AvaData ke kaLA tathA khAsa sadgaNa ke zIla vinA paNa ekaluM rUpa dharAvavAthI strI eka IzvarI vibhUti bane che, ema te jaNAve che. TasTaoNya tenI A vicAraNuM upara TIkA kare che. remI-da-gumanTa (1858-1915): kenca vivecaka. te nibaMdhakAra ne navalakathAlekhaka paNa hato. kAvyo nATako paNa lakhato, paraMtu te vakhaNAyAM nathI. revaI (1813-1900): pheMca philasUpha ne purAtattvavida; adhyApaka hato. sauMdaryane te jagatanano aMtima hetu ane projana mAnato. "parama divya ane khAsa karIne parama saMpUrNa sauMdaryamAM jagatanuM rahasya chupAyeluM raoNbarTa maeNkeraH cAlAkI ane bhAre zakti dAkhavatuM eka bahAravaTiyA pAtra eka nATakamAM Ave che. AvI bephAma zakti ghaNI jagAe bhAre lokapriya kathAonuM rasabiMdu hoya che. sasI (janma 1865-): ITAlIno gAyaka ane perA-naTa. resTenDa, eDamaMDa (1868-1919): keca ekeDemIno sabhya ane jANato nATacAra. lADI mIra (I. sa. 980-1015) raziyAno eka parAkramI rAjavI. raziyAmAM cAlatA dharma--grIka carcano sthApanAra e te. ema eNe dharma pravartAnamAM rAjyasattAnI madada ApI hatI. lijhaTa, phrAnjha (1811-86) : picAno-vAdaka ane saMgItakAra; haMgerIno hato. jIvanamAM pachIthI te pAdarI thaI dhArmika kRtio karato hato. lipADI, kAunTa (1798-1837): iTAlIne kavi. jIvanamAM asaMtoSa ane nirAzA zarUthI tenAmAM hatAM. tethI bAyarana peThe te ahIMthI tahIM (zAMtinI zodhamAM) pharyA karato. bhAre lAgaNiyALa nAjuka jIva hato. te ITAlIno eka moTe kavi gaNAya che. lepeja, besTIna (1848-84): jANIto phreMca citrakAra. lejherasa bAibalanI 'zUnI suvArtA' (pra. 16)mAM AvatI IzunI dhananA durupaganI eka daSTAtakathAnuM pAtra. lejharasa raMgI bhikhArI che. eka

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220 kaLA eTale zuM? dhanikane bAraNe ("DAijha' tenuM nAma che ema TasTayane ullekha che. grIkamAM teno artha dharnaka che.) TukaDA maLavAnI AzAe bese che. maraNa bAda dhanika DAIjha narakamAM ane lejherasa ravargamAM jAya che, ema kathA yUthara, mArTina (1483-1546): popa sAme thanAra prakhyAta jarmana dharmasudhAraka, proTesTaMTa dharmane Adi saMsthApaka. papa sAmenA pitAnA baLavAnI saphaLatA joIne janAra bhAgyazALI e hato. valena, paula (1844-96) keca kavi. "lirika' lakhata. aneka jagAe zikSaka tarIke kAma karate; khetImAMya paDe. paNa vicitra AcAravicArane laIne kyAMya Takato nahi. strIe paNa chUTAcheDA karyA. garIbAI, rega, ane athaDAmaNamAM chevaTe maryo hato. vAIlDa, oNskaraH juo skara vAilDa. vikalIpha, jana (1324-1384): prakhyAta aMgreja vidvAna ane dharmasudhAraka. romana kaeNthalika dharma sAme thavAne tene bahu veThavuM paDeluM. aMgrejImAM bAIbalano teNe (tenA sAthIo vagere sAthe maLIne) pahele tarajUmo karAvelo. oNkasapharDanI beliyala kaoNlejane AcArya tha hato. "vihema mIsTarageTenI 8 khaMDamAM bahAra paDelI prasiddha navalakathA (1796). eka jarmana yuvaka kalAkAranI kAlpanika jIvanakathA. - vInasa, mila'nI : prAcIna grIka zilpanA eka sarvottama namUne. vIsa" devInuM A bAvaluM gaNAya che. phiDiyAsanA eka ziSyanI kRti manAya che. ( juo phiDiyAsa) vaeNnara, rIcarDa (1813-83)H jarmana nATaya-saMgItakAra. 19mA saikAmAM saMgIta para bhAre asara karanAra gaNAya che. vaibhera (1694-1778 ) mahAna phreMca lekhaka, itihAsakAra ane nATayakAra, tathA philasUpha Toya tenI kalAdaSTi viSe kahetAM lakhe che, zuM suMdara che te nakkI karanAra ruci che. ane rucinA niyamo nakkI nathI karAyA eTaluM ja nahi, te nakkI thaI na zake ema kabUla karavAmAM Ave che . . . volTara A mata dharAvato.' vADansa lokeH rAmanA dharmathI alaga eka prAcIna jamAta A che. teo potAno dharma rAkhI rahyA che. iTAlImAM te loko che. potAnI A alagatA mATe temane itihAsamAM khamavuM paNa paDayuM che. zAlamena (742-814) kenka lekane rAjA. pitAnA prabhAvathI te rimana bAdazAhane pade pahoMcele. "pavitra remana sAmrAjyanI sthApanAra

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paricaya-sUci 221 A mANasa kahevAya. phrAnsa, iTAlI, jarmanI, spenane ghaNokhari pradeza kabaje karI teNe ekacakra sthApeluM. zIlara, kreDarika phena (1758-1805) mazahUra jarmana kavi. nATakakAra. itihAsane adhyApaka hato. kalAmAM kAnaTano anuyAyI. teNe kalAmImAMsA para graMtha lakhyo che. "tenA kahevA mujaba, kalAno hetu seMdarya che. jene Ugama pratyakSa lAbharahita - niSkAma AnaMdamAMthI che. eTale kalAne krIDA ke lIlA kahI zakAya. paNa te mahattva vagaranA nakAmA dhaMdhA arthamAM nahi, paNa seMdarya sivAya bIjA kazA hetu vagara, khuda jIvananI suMdaratAenA AviSkAranA artha mAM." (TolsToya) zekasapicara (1564-1616): prakhyAta aMgreja kavi nATacakAra. aMgrejo tene potAnA prathama kavivara tarIke gaNe che. joke TaoNlsTaoNya te matane nathI svIkAratA. temaNe te kavi upara svataMtra samAlocanA karI che temAM ene bIjathIya nIcI keTImAM mUkyo che. zeliMga, DarIka vilhema josapha phona (1775-1845): jarmana philasUpha, jInA vidyApIThamAM adhyApaka hato. TosTauca kahe che ke, ApaNA jamAnAnA kalAnA khyAle upara enI bhAre asara che." te ema kaheto ke, "maryAditamAM anaMtanuM prajJAna e sauMdarya che. . . . mane gatane vastugata joDe, kudaratane buddhi joDe, cetanane jaDa joDe eka karavuM e kaLA che; ane tethI karIne kalA sarvocca jJAna-sAdhana che. . . . kalAkAra sauMdaryane janma Ape che te potAnA AvaData ke AyojananA jJAna vaDe nahi, paraMtu tenAmAM rahele sauMdaryano bhAva pote ja tene jamAve che." zepanahera, Arthara (1788-1960): jarmana philasUpha adhyApaka hate. kATa, zeliMga ane hegalanI sAmenI tattvadaSTivALA e hato. te kalAmAM IcchAzakti ke saMkalpa vyakta rUpe Utare che ema mAnato. duniyAne te saMkalpa rUpe mUrtimaMta thatI kahe che. te kahe ke, " judI judI bhUmikA upara parama bhAvane mUrta karavAnI zakti saumAM hoya che. A zakti kalAkAranI pratibhA mAM vadhAre hoya che; tethI te vadhAre UMcA darajajAnI suMdaratA vyakta kare che." salI, jemsa (I. sa. 1842-?)H jANIte aMgreja mAnasazAstrI; laMDana yunivarsiTImAM adhyApaka hato. zarIravidyAne AdhAre kalAnuM tattva samajAvanArAo mAM te mukhya hate.

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kaLA eTale zuM? sinekA, (I. pU. 4 thI I. sa. 65): prakhyAta rAmana philasUpha nIrA khAdazAhane zikSaka hatA. paNa tenAM apamRtyuthI e kaMTALye, nIrAe tenA para kAvatarAne kesa karAvI evI sajA karI ke teNe ApadhAta karavA. sinekAe tema karIne jIvanane aMta ANyo. ra3 saeNmsana : bAibalamAM 'jUnA karAra' mAM AvatA eka mahA khaLiyA puruSa. tenu khaLa tenA kezamAM hatuM; te kapAya te tenuM khaLa nAza pAme. tenA zatruoe tenI patnIne phADIne UMdhatA saeNmsananA vALa kapAvyA; pachI te temane hAtha gA. tenA baLanAM parAkramAnI aneka majedAra kathAe bAibalamAM ApI che. sAkreTIsa (I. sa. pU. 468-6 thI 39 ) jagatanI eka mahAna vibhUti gaNAtA grIka tattvajJAnI ane satyAgrahI vIra. yuropIya philasUphInA pitA samAna e gaNAca che. tenA vicArone amara karanAra tene paTTaziSya pleTA che. teNe pete bhAgye kazu lakhyu che. saMvAda dvArA pratyakSa vAtacItathI e kAma karatA. e parathI enA vicArene savAdarUpe ja pleTAe peAtAnI anekhI zailImAM utAryA che. jijJAsA enI parama pratibhA hatI. te satyazeAdhaka hatA; kalAkAra nahi. te tarIke teNe kalAnuM sauMdarya nuM satya pAmavA vicAra karyo che. bAkI khAsa kalAne vicAra kalAmImAMsA tarIke kalAmImAMsA tenA samaca pachI jAgelI philasUphI gaNAya, ema krAsa tenA graMthamAM kahe che. (jemAM TolsToya saMmata che. ) sAmeAlIsa, ( I. pU. 495-406): ethensane bhAre lokapriya thayelA nATakakAra, sA upara teNe lakhelAM nATakAmAMthI mAtra sAta ja Aja maLe che. yuropanI nATacakaLAne ghaDanAra eka mULa kalAkAra e gaNAya che. sTenDA rejhIna : eka sAmAnya raziyana keAsAka hatA. bhAI ne lazkarI gunA mATe phAMsI maLelI, tethI ciDAI bahAravaTe nIkaLele. tenI eka TALI hatI. te garIkha ane dhamI leAkeAne jatA karate, aMgreja bahAraviTayA robina hUDa jema leAkapriya hatA, tema A raziyAmAM hatA. sToIka leAkA: ethensamAM lagabhaga I. pU. 300 nI AsapAsa sthapAyelI philasUphI-zAkhAnA leAka. saMsthApaka jhena (I. pU. 640-265 ). A leAkA bhAre tapasvI ane sAMcamI hatA. dehadamana ne kaDaka jIvana mATe teo jANItA che. ' sTAika ' zabdamAM paNa e bhAva aMgrejImAM dAkhala thayo che. sTrosa, rIcarDa (I. sa. 1864-1949 ) : jarmAMnIne jANIta saMgItakAra, nATakanu saMgIta enI khAsa kaLA hatI. iMgleMDamAMca tene Ane mATe bhAre AvakAra maLyA che.

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paricayasUci 223 pensara, harbaTa (1820-1903): jANIto aMgreja philasUpha ne samAjamIsAMsaka. tenA samakAlIna vijJAnIo - DArvina ne hakastIne mitra hato. vikAsavAdI vicArapaddhatine ghAraNe teNe samagra samAja-vijJAnane vyavasthita vicAravA prayatna karyo che. tenA kahevA pramANe, kalAnuM mUla khela ke lIlA che...... nIcalI ninAM prANIonI badhI jIvanazakti bharaNapoSaNa ane vaMzavRddhi pAchaLa kharacAya che. paraMtu manuSyamAM A jarUra pUrI pADyA pachI vadhatI zakti tenI pAse silaka rahe che. zaktine A vadhAre khela ke lIlAmAM vaparAya che, ke je kalAne khAte jAya che. khela e kharI kriyAnI nakala che, ane kalA paNa e ja che. . . . " haTacisana, krAnsisa (1694-1747) aMgreja philasUpha. adhyApaka hato. kalA para lakhanAramAM eka zarUne e gaNAya. te kaheto ke, kaLA pArakhavA mATe ApaNumAM eka AMtara iMdriya che. "A iMdriya nItinI IMdriya sAme hoya evuM bane. eTale, haTacisananA kahevA mujaba, sauMdarya hameza sAdhutAne ekarUpa nathI hotuM, paNa tenAthI juduM paDe che, ne keTalIka vAra tethI UlaTuM hoya che." ' harakayulIsaH zarIrabaLa ane parAkramano remana deva. tene viSe keTalIya ajaba vIra-kathAe yurepanA purANomAM gUMthAI che. hasa, jaina ( 1369-1415) : bahemiyAne vatanI. dharmasudhAraka hato. tenA navA dharmopadezane lIdhe, tene zikSA pharamAvavAmAM AvelI ke, te cA to eno inkAra kare athavA motane bheTe. teNe dharmane khAtara zahIda thavuM pasaMda karyuM. hIna, hinarIka (1799-1856): mahAna jarmana kavi. jIvananI zarUAtathI te tenA kavinA nAjuka svabhAvathI kyAMya zAMta thaI goThavAI zakate nahi. yahUdI hato; paNa vakIla thavA khristI thavuM paDayuM tenuM duHkha hameza tene raheluM. suMdara kavitA lakhato. romAMcaka zailIne te puraskartA hato. huImena, jerIsa kArla (1848-1907): kenca navalakathAkAra. pratyakSa jIvanamAMthI te kathAo racate. tenI nAgI ane azlIla vAtothI bhAre khaLabhaLATa thayela. aMte te zraddhALu kaeNthalika bane ! ane tenAM pAchaLanAM lakhANomAM te taraphanuM valaNa batAve che. hegala (1770-1831): prakhyAta jarmana philasUpha. adhyApaka hato. kArla mAkarsa enA tattvajJAnamAM Ucharyo hato. TaoNlsTaoNya tenA kalA-vijJAna viSe kahe che ke,

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224 kaLA eTale zuM? "ghaNuM loke samajathI ane moTA bhAganA leka ajANamAM enA klAvAdane apanAve che. ene A vAda agAunA karatAM vadhAre spaSTa ke cekasa che evuM nathI, balka, zakya hoya te, vadhu aspaSTa ne gUDha che. . . . tenA kahevA pramANe, satya ane sauMdarya eka ja che; bemAM phera che. te eTale ja ke, satya e parama bhAva, pate svasattAe jevuM che, te ja che; jyAre saudarya e, enuM vyaMjana ke AvirbhAva che." haizleTaH zekasapiyaranuM prakhyAta karuNAta nATaka. hesiDa : prAcIna grIkano jUnAmAM jUne jANItA kavi I. pU. 8 -mA saikAmAM thaI gayo. te mukhyatve upadezAtmaka kAvya lakhate ne grIka bALakone zikSaNamAM te khUba kAma AvatAM. tenuM mukhya kAvya "varsa eNnDa Dejha." heTamaeNna (I. sa. 1862-1946): sAileziyAno vatanI. yuropane eka nAmAMkita nATakakAra gaNAya che. | hemara (I. pU. 850 ne arase) prakhyAta aMdha grIka kavi. yuropamAM mahAna gaNAtAM be "epika" (mahAbhArata-kAvya) -oDesI" ane IliyaDa" no kartA manAya che. hRAge, vikaTara (1802-85): kAnsano mahAna kavi, navalakAra ane nATacakAra. krAsanI romeTika ' hilacAlane netA. tenI prakhyAta kathA "le mijharebalsa" gujarAtImAM paNa sArarUpe UtarI che.

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sUci agamya kAryo ane saMgIta 78-9 AvaData, kalAnA koI prakAranI 96 ajJAna (Ama janatAnuM), tenAM kAraNo AMtarika nizAnI, kalAnI 136 173 insena 105, 106, 165 aniSTa, yurepanuM ghAtakImAM ghAtakI iliyaTa, jaryoja 154 175 anusaMdhAna (kalA dvArA) mRta leka iliyaDa 82, 101 isaiyA 49 joDe 15ra isTara kekanI vArtA 131 apratikArane siddhAMta 202 arvAcIna klA, sArI lAgaNuM vahatI, uchItiyuM, kalAnuM 87,89,92 tenAM dRSTAMta 154 upalA vargo, ane AmajanatA 43-4 "aMkala Tausa kaeNbina" 154 -nI kalA 59, tenI jherI asara 173 aMta:karaNanI zakti, vepAvAnI 1345 enthanI, saMta juo "saMta enthanI" AIjheka 82 epikyuricane 51 AkAzagaMgA, juo "varNapaTanuM..." eNrisToTala 19, 38, 49-50 AjanI kaLA, juo "ApaNI kaLA, erisTephenIjha 105 vartamAna kaLA " elekasI TosTauca 105 AjanAM maMDaLa (sudhArAnA AbhA- eskAIlasa 105 savALAM) 144 eDesI 82, 101, 188 AtmabalidAnanI kalA 83 pasa 101" 129 AtmasaMteSI hoziyAre 4 esTeskI 105 ApaNI kaLA, DoLI ane bhArekhama 65 -no maryAdita upabhega 59 kajhIna 22 -nI vezyA sAthe tulanA 179 kalA atyAranI 179,(juo "AjaAbhUSaNe 159 nI kalA') AmajanatA, ane upalA vargo 43-4 -ane akalAno bheda 140 -nA ajJAnanAM kAraNo 173 -ane upayogitA vacce bheda 12 Ayojana-sAmagrI, kalAnI 182-3 -ane devaLadharma, juo devaLadharma rara5 ka-15

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kaLA eTale zuM? 226 ane dhanika vargo, juo dhanika va -ane dhama bhAvanA, jIe dharma bhAvanA -ane ruci, jIe ruci -ane leAkajIvana, jIe leAkajIvana -ane vijJAna 190 40 -ane vidyAe vacce bheda 82 -ane sauMdarya, jIe sauda -arthazUnya anI 146 -aspaSTa manI 9 AtmabalidAnanI 83 -AdhyAtmika AziSarUpa kayAre ? 63 --ApaNI, AjanI 65, 72-3 -kharAba 81, 182 -kharAba lAgaNI vahatI 41 -khAtara-kalA-vAda 193 -cenabAjI ke maneArajana nathI 202 -thI vahAtI lAgaNIonA prakAra 141 -nA kSetramAM dhaMdhAdArI 101-i0 -nA dareka prakAranuM ceAkkasa kSetra 112 -nA nalIpaNAnAM kAraNo 104 40 --nA vastuviSacanuM dAridra 65 -nAM uchItiyAM 89 40 -nI cepazakti 138 -nI trimUrti 49 40, 53 -nI nizAnI 136 40, 137 -nI mAtha kasATI 103 -nI vyAkhyA 12,14,24,30-1, 32 ... -TaoNlsTaoNya Ape che 35; -keTalAMka lakSaNo 182,187, 189 -nuM acUka kArya 179, 204 -nuM nakaliyuM 92, 113, 114, 117, 125 -nuM hArda 134-5 -neA hetu 141, 150, 202, 203 -mAM vADAmadhI 58 40 -meATA prazna uThAve che 11; tene uttara 175 -lAgaNI ke bhAvanAnuM vAhana 189, 191 --vikRta, -nAM pariNAma 165 vikRta, dharmAM zikSaNamAMthI, chatAM sAcI 43 -vivecakeA ne vivecana 102 i0, 119 -sA bhauma 154 kalAkRti, uttama, -nA dAkhalA 82-3, 154, 178 -nI kasATI 12, 25, 66, 114, 128, 141, 159 kalAkRti,-khAlI magajanuM pIMjaNa 105 -sAcI, nuM lakSaNa 114, 137 -vi. nakaliyAMnuM pramANa 126 kalAmaMdiranA vepArIe 185 kalAmImAMsA 18, 50 kalApa'thIo jhadhaDe che T klAvAda, upalA vargonA,31-2,49,57 kailAzALA 107-8 kalAsarjananI Umi', adamya AMtarika hAya 188 kaMTALe, jIvanathI -arvAcIna kaLAnI eka lAgaNI 69 kAnTa 15, 23

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saci kAmavAsanA -arvAcIna kaLAne mukhya grIka, -kaLA 114-5, leke 40,49,51, viSaya 69-70 53, 66 "kAvyamaya" eTale ? 92; tevA viSa 87 cagIsakhAna 170, 172 kAlvIna 45 citraNa ane zilpa 154,159,169-70 citra-pradarzana (parIsanuM) 77 kAspara hasera 36 citro (sonerI phremanAM) 127 kAmbara 18, 51 kirDiMga 130 ceniyara 74 kaphanuM devaLa 132 cepazakti, klAnI 136 I0 "keyena" pIpara 29 caeNpina 77 kaeNsTenaTAIna 42 jIvanathI thAka ne kaMTALe 69 kAlika 13, 17 -nI ghaTanAonI mulavaNa 145 kATA" ("suMdara' mATe raziyana -nI sarvocca dRSTi 96 zabda) 15 -nI sAdAmAM sAdI lAgaNIo kaeNskI 154 150,-9, 187 kilayopeTrA 188 -no hetu 178 kSa-kiraNo 195 -sAmAjika ane kalA 203 juliyana 43 kheDUta, gAmaDiye 38, 128 jekaba 82 kheDUtaNonuM saMgIta 129 jenesisa 40, 143 kheDUta ane bALako 168, 170 jerusalema DilIvarDa 162 khristI kalA 148, 150 i. jeremI 155 khristI dharmapratIti-eka krAMti 147 joke 22 khristI dharmayuddho 43 jaisaphanI vAta 82, 156, 188 garva ke ghamaMDa -arvAcIna kalAnI jJAna, -nI mulavaNI 201 eka lAgaNI 69 jJAnodaya yuga 46, 58, 146 ge ( "jajamenTa ") 155 jhahunara zailI 159-7 geTe 27, 77, 92, 104, 105, 162 jhAlA 105, 13-1 gera-khristI kaLA 150 gUgala 155 je nava 67, 132 gaeNcareva 67 TAgliAnI 170 golDana kApha 143 Tiziyana 26 grAnTa, eNlana 31 TeIna 15

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228 kaLA eTale zuM? Tese 105" ' dharmabuddhi, dharmabhAvanA, ane kaLA, TaoNlsToya, elekasa juo "elekasI" 39-41 -lekhaka) nI dIkarInI DAyarI 77 dhaMdhAdArI, kalAkSetramAM 101 I. -nI kalAnA uttama dAkhalA 158 dhArmika kalA upara I. dhArmika lAgaNIonI tAjagI 186 DAIjha 148 dhe raNa, kalAnI AMkaNInuM 27, 48 DATe jue DenTa DArvina 31 nakaliyuM, kaLAnuM 92, 113, 115, DikeDanTa', -kalA 73, 78, 79, 91; 117, 125; -nA nirmANanI rIte yuga 76; -leka 76, 85, 171 87, 97, 104 DiriyA" roga 195 nakalIpaNuM, kaLAnuM,-tenAM kAraNe 101 DivAIna kaoNmeDI" 162 i. Dikansa 77, 154, 155, 178 nAnI nale 104-5 DiDere 25 nAiTa 17, 21, 51 DumI(mi)ka 70, 73 nize 64, 73, 172 DeTe 25, 104, 105 nibelaMjana riga" 112, 120 I. Dejhegara 155 nItimattA ane kalA 27, 168, 171 Dana kivakaseTa' 155-6 nI 172, 188 De maeNna 132 "su" (phenca zabda) 70 oNsTeskI 154, 178 nepoliyana 170 172 da vinsI 77 pattI 170 da vege 172 pariNAme, kalAnI cepazakti khavAvAdRSTAMte, sArI kaLAnAM 154 nAM, -vikRta kalAnAM 165 dezAbhimAna 173 I. paMDita, -nI vikRta kalAdaSTi 102 delAza 77 pAskala 56 piyarI laI 71 dhanika varga, -nI kaLAne vastuviSaya pirAmIDa 76 pITara 1lo 58 -nI jIvanapaddhati ane kaLA 167 pITara (cejhIkano) 47 -no ramUjI khela 62 punaruthAna yuga, juo jJAnadaya dharmatattvavidyAnA adhyApako 194 puSkIna 104,155; -nuM bAvaluM 169 dharma pratIti, ne dharmasaMpradAca vacce pustakanuM nasIba para bheda 144 pUrva-bhajavaNI, eka nATakanI 4.* -nuM mahatva 142, 144,189192 paisAdAre ane kalA, juo dhanika vaga

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peAtIpharanI patnI 156 peAlizayana lArkA 45 yuvIsa 4 cevanIjha 106, 165 pretAtmavAdI 118 pluTArka 51 pleTA 18, 19, 38, 48-52, 175 plATInasa 19, 51 phiDiyAjha 26, 143 phiza 15, 22 phrA 148 phaeNzanebala kaLA 61 phenTeTa 27 'phAsTa '92 phrAnsisa, saMta, jIe saMta. . . geTa 130 ana jonsa 165 alijha 106 baMdhutA ane mAnava-ekatA 179 bAibala 40, 82, 83, 149, 154 khAI, eka bhUkha paNa sudharelI, -nuM dRSTAMta 88 bAka 25-6, 104, 158 sUci khAcarana 69 ' bALakA ane kheDUtA 169, 170 khAdya kasATI kaLAnI 103 khitheAvana 25-26, 77, 105-6, 130, 158; -nI 'navamI sinI' 161; -nuM 'Apasa 101' 129 buddha 170 ( jIe zAkacamuni) beitha 117 gaeNnA 19, 50, 52 baeNleTa 8 eklIna 106, 165 khArkaziyA 70 bogAmilAITa leAkeA 45 khoDalara 73-6, 165, 170 baumagAna 15, 20-1 52, 53, 54 mauddho 38 brAilAva 109 grAmsa 106-7, 188 breTana, jUlsa 155, 178 229 bhaNatara, khATu' 83 bhaNelA, rAmane 44;-vikRta leAkeA 83, 102 bhASA ane kalA 33, 141, 164 bhraSTatA, khATI kaLA dvArA 58 majUra ane kalA 83 majUrI, -ne upayoga 4 manuSyA, -ne prabhu sAthe ne paraspara sayoga 149, 151 -mAM prema 150 -mAM bhrAtRbhAva 145 mahenatANuM, kaLA mATe 102 mAikela enjelA 77, 106 mAMnavajAta, -nA puruSAnI cAvI 145 mAnavajIvana ane kalA 4, 9, 178 mAnavapragati, -nAM be aMga 164 mAnava baMdhutA ne samatA 45 mAneTa 165 mAkarsa 53 mAlAme 73, 106 mArsela preAvAraTa 70 mAlyUsa para mithAlTara 14 mileTa 155, 178 .

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ra30 kaLA eTale zuM? milTana 105 - raoNsTenDa (prinsesa laIna') 89 mulavaNI,-jIvananI ghaTanAonI 145 raoNssI 133 -lAgaNIonI 142 lAgaNI, ApaNA varganA lekanI 69; musalamAna ane kaLA 38 -sAdI ne sarvaparicita 134-5; museTa 74, 77 -mUMjhavatI ne dhikkArapAtra 63 mUthara 27 maikera raoNbarTa 172 lAgaNIo, kalA dvArA vahAtI 142; -dhAmika 186; maeNTaralika 106, 165 -nI mulavaNa 142; merI maiRlIna 148 -sAdAmAM sAdI 150-1, 153; mellArAma juo mAlAme -sArI 150-1 mojhArTa 130, 158 lADImIra 42 meMneTa 165 'libarga cIjha" 29 pAMsAM 155 meriyasa 165 lijhaTa 106, 165 lipADI 69 mA~na 155 lIna meyara 155 meliyara 155-6 lejherasa 148 leMglI, oNlTara 132, 155 yahudI klA 143, -pegaMbaro juo lepeja, beraTIna 178 laeNmaTaIna 74 yuga ane sarvocca bhAvo 43 leramAITa 155, 178 yuripiDIjha 105 leka 15 lesiga 15 rAphela rapa-26, 77, 104, 106, 162 leka, kaLA na pArakhI zaktA 128, ripablika,' pleTanuM 38, 175 164-5 rUci ane kalA 21, 26, 125, lokakalA, -nuM kSetra 186-7 - 128 I. lokajIvana ane kalA 39-42, 178 regnara reDabiyarDa 172 kasaMgIta 129 renAna 13 yUthara 45 remI da gurmAnTa 71 heramAITa juo leramAITa revaIse 22 rimane (bhaNelA ) 44 vartamAna kalA 174-5 ramiye juliyeTa " 27 varNapaTanuM pRthakkaraNa (tAra ne AkAzarimeTisTa leka 77 gaMgAnuM) 187, 194 raoNyala ekeDemI 132 varlena 73-6, 106, 165

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suci vastuviSaya, dhanika kaLAno 69; -nuM dAridra 65 vAilDa, oNskara 171 vAdonuM nasIba para vAsnetsova 132 vikalamAna 15 vikalIpha 45 vijJAna, ane kalA 190 i-ne vikRta khyAla 196; -saphAIdAra dalIlonuM jALuM 201; -sAcuM kevuM hoya ? 196 vidyAo ane kalA vacce bheda 82 viparItatA, kalAvivecane ANelI 104 viliyama Tela 88 'vihema mIsTara' 27 vivecaka, kalAno 102 i. vInasa, milonI 188 vaiznara 73,106 i0, 112 40,165, 188; -nI saphaLatAnuM kAraNa 117 vedanAM sUkto 82 vepArIo, kalA maMdiranA 185 verona 18, 31 vaijJAnika bolI 196 vaijJAniko 192 vagala jAti 133 oNlTara 19, 5ra oNlTara 25, 85 lDansa le ke 45 zekasapiyara 25-7, 104-6, 162 zeliga 15, 22-23 zailI 72, 85; -nA guNe 183 zepenahora 15, 22, 107 znIDara 106 satya-zirva-suMdara 50, 53 sallI 21, 31 saMgIta -kheDUtonuM 129 -kalAnA nakaliyAM, juo "nakaliyAM -nI kRti kalA kyAre bane? 19; -nI zakti 15ra; -nI zArIrika asa2 93 saMta enthanI 132 saMta kAsisa 47, 101 sAdagI, suMdaratA, spaSTatA 183 sAdAInuM agharApaNuM 188 sAdhutA, ane sauMdarya 171; -nI pUrNatA 49; -mULabhUta AdhyAtmika pratIti che papa; -satya, sauMdarya 49, 53 sAmAjika jIvana ane kalA 203 sArvabhauma kalA 154 sikaMdara 170 sineko 51 sudhArAno AbhAsa 144 suruci, juo ruci suMdaratA, spaSTatA * * * 182 saeNmsana 147 saeNkeTIsa 19, 38,49, 51, 56, 170 phekila 26, 105 saudarya 14-9, 30; zarIra-mana-nItithI virUpa leka 166 zarIravidyAvAdI kalAmImAMsake 14,32 zAkayamuni (juo buddha), 82, 168 zArlAmena 42 zIlara 154, 162

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kaLA eTale zuM? -ane zaNagAra 15 " harakayulIsa 147, 168 -ane sAdhutA 171, hasa 45, 47 -AnaMda ke majA denAra vastu 23, hArTamAna 15 hipnoTijhama" 98 -nI vidyA ke mImAMsA 51; hibru (yahUdI) pegaMbara 38, 67, -nI vyAkhyA 20-1; 82, 101, 143, 172 -satya ane sAdhutA 49, 53 hIna 69 sTaka 106, 165 huina 71, 130 sTenkA rejhIna 172 hegala 15, 21, 22-3 sTeika ke pa1 heDana 130 sTausa, rIcaDa 106-7, 165, 188 hesiyoDa 143 strI puruSane saMbaMdha 173 hokhamaina 94 spaSTatA (zelInI) 130, 182 heleTa" 133 spensara 14, 31 hemara 25-6, 66, 143 hecisana 25 hRge, vikaTara 77, 78, 154, 178

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" jIvana sau kalAthI adake che. huM to mAnuM chuM ke, jeNe uttama jIvI jANyuM te ja kharo kalAkAra ... kaLAnI kiMmata jIvanane unnata banAvavAmAM rahelI che.... kalA jIvananI dAsI che, ane tenI sevA karavAnuM ja tenuM kArya che." -gAMdhIjI " mane nikaTa evA klAnA viSaya paranuM mAruM A pustaka yathA zakti meM pUruM karyuM che. temAM meM mArI sarva zakti ApI che; teNe mArAM 15 varSa lIdhAM che. ...... kalAnA kharA dayeya viSeno mAro mUlabhUta vicAra kharo che; ane tethI mAruM A lakhANa nirupayogI nahi thAya ..." - DhosTaya