Jain Padarth Vigyan me Pudgal

Author(s): Mohanlal Banthia
Publisher: Jain Shwetambar Terapanthi Mahasabha
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010273/1

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala lagA mohanalAla vAThiyA, bI0 kAma0 garitAdI nAroha ke laminTana meM prakAzita

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prakAzaka zrI jaina zvetAmbara terApathI mahAsabhA 3, porcugIja carca sTrITa kalakattA-1 prathamAvRtti . 1500 maI 1960 I0 vi0 sa0 2017 mUlya * eka rupayA paccIsa naye paise mudraka mizrA eNDa kampanI 12, prAnTa lena, kalakattA-12

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prakAzakIya jaina tattva-jAna mAlA kA yaha pahalA gratha hai / isa pustaka meM paTa dravyo meM me pudgala dravya kA mundara vivecana hai| isake lekhaka zrI mohanalAna bAMThiyA, bI0 kAma, acche vidvAna aura parizramI anumavitsu hai| pAThako ke lie yaha pustaka acchI jAnavarddhaka mAvita hogii| tegapanya dvizatAbdI mamAroha ke abhinandana meM ina pustaka kA prakAzana mahAmabhA kI mAhitya prakAgana yojanA kA eka agragAmI pAdanyAma hai| AgA hai pAThaka imakA anchA svAgata kreNge| tega0 dvigatAbdI mamAroha vyavasthA upa-samiti zrIcanda rAmapuriyA 3, poyagIja carca sTrITa, vyavasthApaka kanakattA nAhitya-vibhAga 25-5-10

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bhUmikA jaina darzana meM paT dravya kahe gaye hai-dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya, kAla aura jIvAstikAya / dravya kA artha hai 'sat' vastu arthAt vaha vastu jisameM avasthAntara bhale hI ho para jo mUlata kabhI vinAza ko prApta nahIM hotii| ina dravyo kA astitva tIno kAla meM hotA hai| astitva kA artha hai apane svabhAva va vyaktigata guNa ke sAtha hamezA vidyamAna rahanA / loka inhI cha dravyo se niSpanna mAnA jAtA hai| vaha paT dravyAtmaka kahA gayA hai| loka kI sImA ke bAhara aloka hai| vahAM kevala AkAzAstikAya hai, anya dravya nhiiN| dharmAstikAya, avarmAstikAya aura AkAzAstikAya sakhyA meM eka-eka hai| pudgalAstikAya, kAla aura jIvAstikAya ananta hai| uparyukta dravyo meM prathama pAMca ajIva hai| unameM caitanya nahIM hotaa| jIvAstikAya caitanya dravya hai| usame jJAna, darzana hotA hai| pA~ca acaitanya dravyo meM pudgalAstikAya rupI hai| usake varNa, gadha, rasa aura sparza hote hai, ata vaha rUpI hai-indriya-grAhya hai| avazepa acaitanya dravya arupI hai| ve indriya-grAhya nahIM / jIvAstikAya bhI arUpI hai| pudgalAstikAya kI racanA anya dravyo se bhinna hai| pudgala kA sUkSma se sUkSma TukaDA, jimakA aura khaNDa nahIM ho sakatA, jo

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala antima avibhAjya hotA hai paramANu kahalAtA hai| paramANutro meM parampara milane aura vichuDane kA sAmArthya hotA hai| isa galanamilana guNa yA svabhAva ke kAraNa paramANu mila kara skadarupa ho jAte haiM aura skada me vichuDakara puna paramANu spa ho jAte hai| pudgalAstikAya ke atirikta cAra astikAyo ke khaNDa nahI kyei jA skte| ve aime dravya hai jinakI zarIra-racanA meM vadhana, nAca, gAMTha jaisI koI vastu nahI hotii| jaise dhUpa aura chAyA meM nAtha Adi nahIM hotI vaine hI ye niravanva dravya hai / paramANu pudgala dravya kI parama sUkSma, antima, akhaNDa ikAI hai| isa ikAI rUpa meM paramANu anya dravyo ke mApa kA sAvana mAnA jAtA hai| eka paramANu jitane myAna ko rokatA hai use pradeza kahate hai| paramANu mila kara skava rUpa dhAraNa karate hai| yadi eka pudgala kA mApa nikAlanA ho to paramANu me mApane para vaha amakhyAta pradenI hogaa| inI taraha anya astikAya bhI paramANu ne mApe jA makte haiN| ina mApa se dharma, adharma, AkAza aura jIva maga. anasyAta, amasyAta aura ananta pradegI hai| ___ uparyukta cha dravyo meM kAla ke mivA vAkI pA~ca ke mAtha 'astikAya' manA hai| prazna hai ina kI astikAya manA kyo? jo dravya apane guNoM ke mAtha trikAla meM avasthita rahatA hai aura jo bahupradegI hotA hai use astikAya kahate hai| yaha Upara batAyA jA cukA hai ki paramANu ke mApa me kina taraha dharma, adharma, AkAga,

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bhUmikA pudgala aura jIva dravyo ke asatyAta yA ananta pradeza hote hai / ___'kAla' ko astikAya nahIM kahA gayA, umakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vaha bahupradezI dravya nahIM hai| 'utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya' isa tripadI kI kamauTI para vaha dravya to Thahara jAtA hai kyoki usakA astitva hai aura usameM utpAda aura vyaya rUpa paryAya yA avasyAntara hotA hai phira bhI vaha astikAya nhii| kAla kI ikAI 'samaya' hai| 'samaya' se sUkSmatama kAla aura nahIM hotaa| jisa taraha mAlA kA aguliyo ke bIca meM rahA huaA manakA pUrva ke manakA ke sAtha zrAvaddha nahIM hotA aura na vAda ke manakA ke sAtha Avaddha hotA hai umI taraha vartamAna samaya atIta aura anAgata samaya ke sAtha prAvaddha nahI hotA hai| isa taraha kAla kabhI pradezo kA samUha nahI ho sktaa| vaha kAya-rahita hotA hai| isalie kAla dravya 'astikAya' nahIM khlaataa| dharma, adharma aura AkAza dravya dhpa aura chAyA kI taraha loka meM marvatra vistRta hai| jIva svadeha pramANa hotA hai, vaha svadeha meM marvatra phailA hotA hai| pudgala dravya bhI loka meM sarvatra hai para vaha dharma Adi kI taraha vistIrNa dravya nahI hai| kAla kA kSetra DhAI dvIpa hai| vaha mArI dizAyo meM vartana karatA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra loka anAdi ananta hai aura vaha inhI paT dravyo se nirmita hai-nippanna hai| ina dravyo kI saMkhyA meM hAni-vRddhi nahIM hotii| loka ke bAhara kevala akAzAstikAya hai, anya dravya nhii|

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala isa loka meM jo jIva hai ve prasiddha kahalAte hai| ve apane zuddha svarUpa meM nahIM hote, vikRta hote hai| vikRta kA artha yaha hai ki ve svatatra nahIM hote| caitanya hone para bhI jaDa pudgala se bace hue hote hai| ina jIvo ke Atmapradezo meM pudgala vaise hI bhare rahate hai jisa taraha kuppI meM kaajl| isakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki jIva kA zuddha sampUrNa caitanya prasphuTita nahIM hotA aura apanI malinatA ke kAraNa jIva ko sasAra-bhramaNa karanA paDatA hai-vAra-bAra janma-maraNa karanA par3atA hai| jIva tabhI zuddha caitanya rUpa meM pragaTa hotA hai jaba Atma-pradezo ke sAtha vadhe hue karma-pudgalo se usakA pUrNata chuTakArA hotA hai| karmapudgala se yaha mukti hI jaina dharma meM mokSa kahA gayA hai / sAsArika prANI pudgalo ke vadhana ke kAraNa usI prakAra rAgadvepa ke bhAvo se taragita hotA rahatA hai jisa taraha samudra kA jala usameM kakaDa pheMkane se taragita hotA hai| rAga-dvepa bhAva se taragita AtmA naye karma-pudgalo ko grahaNa karatI rahatI hai| aura ina taraha mamAra baDhatA jAtA hai| nayA vadhana roka dene para sasAra nahI vddhtaa| purAne vadhana ko tapAdi se dUra kara dene para AtmA kramaza karmoM se mukta hotI hai| jIva aura pudgala gatizIla dravya haiN| uname gati kI kSamatA yA sAmarthya hai| avazepa dravyo meM gati-sAmarthya yA gati nahIM hotii| gatizIla dravya jIva aura pudgala java gamana karate hai tava spira dharmAstikAya unakI gati meM udAsIna sahAyaka rUpa se

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bhUmikA rAya karatI hai| gatimIla dravya jIva aura pudgala jaba sthira honA cAhate hai to sthiratA prApta karane meM udAsIna sahAraka sthira adharmAstikAya hotI hai| pApAga nava dravyoM ko sthAna detA hai| kAla nava dravyoM para vartana karatA hai-TanameM naye pugane kA bhAva paidA karatA hai| yAdhyAtmika dRSTi se vicAra kareM to gatigIra pudagara cacala jIva ke pradegI meM dharmAstivAla ke mahAre pahuMcatA hai / adharmAstivAya ke mahAre nyiA hotA hai| prAkAgAntikAya ke sahAre sthAna pAtA hai| kAla ke AdhAra se yiti prApta karatA hai| yaha vadhana kI prakyiA hai| mukti kI prakriyA ThIka isake viparIta __ isa taraha yaha pragaTa hai ki manAra-badhana aura mamAra-mukti kI kaDI pudgala ke astitva ke kAraNa hai| padArya-vijJAna kI dRSTi se pudgala kA adhyayana karanA jinanA mahatvapUrNa hai utanA hI prAdhyAtmika dRSTi ne usakA jJAna prApta kagnA paramAvazyaka hai| vanAnika dRSTi meM pudgala ananta zakti sampanna hai| prAcyAtmika dRSTi me usakI prAmakti podgalika vadhana kA kAraNa hai jo paramparA bhava-bhramaNa kA kAraNa hotA hai| ina choTI-mI pustaka meM pudgala kA jo vivecana hai vaha dono dRpTiyoM meM adhyayana karane meM mahAyaka hogaa| bhautikavAdI vaijJAnika ko yaha jana-vijJAna purammara pudgala viSayaka gabhIra jAna degA aura yAtmavAdI ko nAgavAna pudgala ke vAstavika svampa

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala kI jaankaarii| pustaka choTI hone para bhI isa dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai aura parizramapUrNa zodha-khoja kA pariNAma hai| viSaya jaTila hai para lekhaka kI vizleSaNAtmaka paddhati se vaha kAphI spaSTa huA hai| zrIcanda rAmapuriyA 15, namala lohiyA lena kalakattA 25-5-60

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anukramaNikA 1-prathama adhyAya pudgala kI paribhASA pR03-8 1. pudgala zabda ko vyutpati tayA arya, pR05, 2. pudgala kI paribhASA aura vyAkhyA, pR0 5-6 2-dvitIta adhyAya pudgala ke lakSaNo kA vizlepaNa pR09-40 1 pudgala dravya hai, pR06, 2 pudgala nitya tayA avasthita hai, pR0 11, 3 pudgala ajIva hai, pR0 13, 4. pudgala asti hai, pR0 13, 5. pudgala kAyavAlA hai, pR0 14, 6 pudgala rUpI hai tathava mUrta hai, pR0 15, 7 pudgala kriyAvAn hai, pR0 15, 8 pudgala galana milanakArI hai, pR0 25, 6 pudgala pariNAmI hai, 10 26, 10 pudgala ananta hai, pR0 31, 11 pudgala loka pramANa hai, pR0 32, pudgala jIva-prAha hai, pR0 32, pudgala ke udAharaNa, pR0 37; anya dravya aura pudgala ke guNa, pR0 38 3-tRtIya adhyAya . pudgala ke bheda vibheda, pR0 41-50 pudgala kA eka bheda, pR0 42, paramANu tathA skagha, pR0 43, do bheda-sUkSma tathA bAhara, pR0 43, do bheda grAhya tathA agrAhyA, pR0 44, tIna bheda-prayoga pariNata, mizra

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pariNata, vitratA pariNata, pudgala ke cAra bheda-skandha, deza, pradeza aura paramANu, pR0 45; pudgala ke 6 bheda - sUkSma sUkSma, sUkSma, sUkSma bAdara, cAdara sUkSma, vAdara aura vAdaracAdara, pR0 46, pudgala ke 23 bheda, pR0 47; pudgala ke 530 bheda, pR0 47, jAti apekSA se zrananta bheda, pR0 48, bhAva guNAza se ananta bheda, pR0 46, paryAya apekSA se ananta bheda, pR0 50 4 - caturtha adhyAya paramANu pudgala pR0 51-58 kAraNa aNu aura ananta aNu, pR0 52, paramANu pudgala ke guNa, pR0 54, pudgala paribhASA kI kasauTI para, pU0 56 5 - paMcama adhyAya vibhinna apekSAo se paramANu pudgala, pR0 56-58 nAma apekSA, pR0 56, dravya apekSA, pR0 56, kSetra apekSA, pu0 56, kAla-prapekSA, pR0 56, bhAva-apekSA, 10 56, nityAnitya- apekSA, pU0 56, zravasthita apekSA, pR0 60, zrasti apekSA, pR0 60, rUpa apekSA, pR0 60, prAkAra apekSA, pR0 60, pariNAma apekSA, pU0 61; aguru-laghu apekSA, pR0 61, zAzvatAzAzvata apekSA, pR0 - 62, caramAcarama- apekSA, pR0 62, jIva-prapekSA, pR0 62, tacitta citta apekSA, pR0 62, zrAtmA-apekSA, 63, pradeza apekSA, pR0 63 kSetra pradeza- apekSA, pR0 63, kSetra

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avasyAna meM saMgo, pR0 14, jeyatva apekSA, pR064, varNaapekSA, pR0 64, rasa-prapekSA, pR0 65, gandha-apekSA, 10 65, sparza-apekSA, pR0 66 jAti-apekSA, pR0 66 spatA-apekSA, pR0 67, dravya-sparAMtA-apekSA, pR0 68, triyA tayA gati apekSA, pR0 66, pratighAtI prapraghAtI apekSA, pR074, pUrNa svatanatA aura prapratighAtitva, pR0 75, pranighAtI kA vivecana, pR0 76 6-papTama adhyAya paribhASA ke natra, pR076-80

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jaina padArtha - vijJAna meM pudgala

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prathama adhyAya pudgala kI paribhASA "mamAra kyA hai tathA isameM kyA hai?" isa mahattvapUrNa prazna kA vivecana masAra ke prAya sabhI mahAn vicArako ne kiyA hai| jaina-tIrthaMkaro ne ima viSaya meM jo vicAraNA yA parikalpanA kI hai, vaha etadvipayaka mabhI vicAraNAo yA parikalpanAmo se nirAlI hai| jaina-Agamo meM ima vipaya para vizad vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha kA vipada eva sUkSma vivecana kimI anya dharma, darzana yA vicAraka ne nahI kiyA hai| jaina manIpiyo ne praznottara ke rUpa meM, isa prazna se sambanvita tathA usame utpanna honevAle adhikAza pahaluo tathA AzakAyo ko sulajhAyA hai| jaina-middhAnta ke anamAra loka-masAra paT dravyAtmaka hai| usake anusAra isa masAra meM AkAza, dharma, adharma, pudgala, jIva aura kAla-ye cha dravya hai| koI anya dravya yA vastu nhii| isa sasAra kA mApa sarva dizA meM anantAnanta hai tathA isa anantAnanta sasAra meM sampUrNa bhAva se sarvatra vyApta kevala zrAkAga dravya hI hai| 1-goyamA 6 danvA paNNatA, tajahA-dhammatyikAe, adhammatyikAe, pAgAsatyikAe, puggalatyikAe, jIvatyikAe, addhAsamaye y|

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala vaha sampUrNa sasAra meM marvatra avagADha hai-phailA huA hai| AkAza dravya kA kSetra sarvavyApI hai arthAt sasAra AkAzamaya hai| isa anantAnanta AkAzamaya samAra ke madhya bhAga meM vAkI pA~ca dravya bhare hue hai| sasAra ke jisa madhyavartI bhAga meM ye cha dravya hai, usa bhAga ko loka tathA zepa bhAga ko, jisameM kevala AkAza-dravya hai, 'aloka" kahate hai| sampUrNa masAra golAkAra hai| aloka madhya meM pole gole kI taraha hai| Adhunika vijJAna ne jaina-vijJAna kathita ina cha dravyo meM se cAra-pAkAza, pudgala, jIva tathA kAla ko svIkAra kiyA hai| usane dharma tathA adharma ke sambandha meM koI nizcayAtmaka nirNaya nahI kiyA hai tathA uparyukta cAra svIkRta dravyo ke sivAya anya kisI dravya 1-kimiya bhate ! loeti pavuccai ? pacatthikAyA, esaNa evatie loeti pavvuccai-tajahA-dhammatyikAe adhammatyikAe jAva poggltthikaae| --bhagavatIsUtra 13 4 13 2-anantAnatAkAzavavyasya madhyatini (loka) AkAza pUrvokta paJcAnAm (dravyAnAm) samudAyastadAdhArabhUta lokAkAza ceti SaDdravyasamUho loko bhavati / / --pravacanasAra a0 2 gA0 36 ko tAtparyavRtti 3-svalakSaNa hi lokasya SaDadravyasamavAyAtmakatva, alokasya kevala AkAzAtmakatvam / --pravacanasAra a0 2 gA0 36 kI pradIpikAvRtti 4-goymaa| aloe-jhusira golasaThie pnnnnte| -bhagavatIsUtra 11 10 10

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prathama adhyAya pudgala kI paribhASA 5 ke hone kA prarupaNa yA nispaNa nahI kiyA hai| ina cha dravyoM meM se hama yahA~ kevala 'pudgala' dravya kA adhyayana karege, prathamata jainasiddhAnta ke anusAra, phira tulanAtmaka nayA samAlocanAtmaka dRSTi se / __*1 "pudgala" zabda kI vyutpatti tathA artha "pudgala" zabda jaina-dharma kA pAribhApika zabda hai| yaha zabda bauddha-sAhitya meM bhI vyavahRta huA hai lekina sarvathA bhinnArtha meN| jaina-dharma kA "pudgala" Adhunika vijJAna ke "jaDa padArtha" (matter) zabda kA mamavAcI hai| ___ "pUraNagalanAnvarthamanatvAt pudgalA'". pUrNa honA arthAt milanA, baddha honA, galanA arthAt pRthak honaa--vichuddhnaa| jo mile nathA jadA ho vaha pudgala / viSNu-pugaNa meM bhI kahA hai "pUraNAt galanAt iti pudgalA paramANava"-pudgala paramANu milate hai tathA vilaga hote hai| maghavaddha honA-skandhampa honA, bichuDanA-pRthak honA-yaha pudgala dravya kA svabhAva yA prakRti hai| pudgala dravya kA yaha nAmakaraNa usake inhI guNa ke kAraNa huA hai| 2 pudgala kI paribhASA aura vyAkhyA kimI vastu ke jisa yathAtathya varNana me usa vastu kA mamyaka, nivata, amandigdha nizcaya kiyA jA sake vaha yathArtha varNana uma 1-jIva, pAtmana prAdi artha meN| 2-sanAtana jainagranyamAlA kA "tattvArya rAjavAttikama" pR 160 3-nyAyakoSa pR0 502

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prathama adhyAya pudgala kI paribhASA pudgala kyA hai ? 1-dravya hai', nitya tathA avasthita dravya hai| 2-ajIva hai| :-asti hai| pudgala kamA hai 4-kAyavAlA hai,'| 5-spI hai tathava marta hai| 6-kriyAvAn hai| 7-galana-milanakArI hai| 8-pariNAmI hai| 1-ajIvakAyA dhrmaadhrmaakaashpudglaa| dravyANi jIvAzca / -tattvArthasUtra a0 5 sUtra 1, 2 2-nityAvasthitAnyarUpANi c| rUpiNa pudgalA / tattvAryasUtra pra0 5 sUtra 3, 4 3-paca asthikAyA paNNatA-tajahA- Y x poggltyikaae| -bhagavatIsUtra za0 2 u0 10 4-(ka) rupiNa pudgalA |-tttvaarysuutr 0 5 sUtra 4 (kha) puggala mutto ruvAdiguNo / vRhad dravya saMgraha gAthA 15 kA ash| 5-pudgalajIvAstu kyiAvanta-tattvAryasUtra a05 sUtra kA bhaapy| 6-pUraNAdgalanAcca pudgalA |-tttvaarysuutr a0 5 sUtra 1 para siddhisenagaNi ttiikaa| 7-pariNAmapariNAmino jIvapudgalau svabhAvavibhAvaparyAyAbhyA kRtvA, zeSacatvAri dravyANi vibhAvavyajanaparyAyAbhAvAnmukhyavRttyA punarapariNAmInIti / bRhad dravya sagraha pR0 67 rAyacanda jaina granyamAlA

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pudgala kitanA hai? pudgala kahA~ hai ? pudgala meM paradravya sambandhI kyA guNa hai ? jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala - ananta hai' / 10 - lokapramANa hai / 11 - grahaNaguNI hai / jIva-grAhya hai / jIva kA sukha-dukha jIvina-maraNa, upakArI hai / zarIra-vAk-mana-prANApaNa ina bhedavAdvividha upakAro ko karatA hai / cAra-cAra 1- davvaNa poggalatthikAe praNatAi davvAha / -bhagavatIsUtra za0 2 u0 10 2- khetto loeppamANamette / 3 -sakaSAyatvAjjIva karmaNo 4- zarIravADamana prANApAnA jIvitamaraNopagrahAzca / - bhagavatIsUtra za0 2 u0 10 yogyAna pudgalAnAdatte / - tattvArthasUtra zra0 8 sU0 2 pudgalAnAm, sukhadukha --tattvArtha sUtra zra0 5 sU0 16 Pard

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dvitIya adhyAya pudgala ke lakSaNoM kA vizleSaNa pudgala kI sAmAnya paribhASA karate hue usake sambandha meM jina 11 vAto kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai unakI vistRta vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai 1 pudgala dravya hai . dravya kise kahate hai? jisake guNa aura paryAya ho use dravya kahate haiN| dravya meM guNa aura paryAya dono kA honA Avazyaka hai| jo dravya meM rahate hai, svaya nirguNa hai, ve hI guNa kahalAte hai| zakti vizeSo kA hI nAma guNa hai| lakSaNo ko bhI guNa kahate hai| jisase vastu kI pahacAna ho vaha guNa hai| aisA koI dravya nahI jisameM kisI taraha kA guNa nahIM ho| guNa dhruva hotA hai| dravya ke guNa bhadA dravya meM rahate hai, madA yugapada--sthAyIbhAva se rahate hai| dravyo kA svarUpa guNo meM jAnA jAtA hai| eka dravya kA dUsare dravya se vibheda unake katipaya gaNo kI 1-guNaparyAyavadvya m / -tattvArthasUtra a0 5 sUtra 37 2-dravyAzrayA nirguNA guNA / --tattvAryasUtra pra0 5 sUtra 40

Page #28
jaina padArtha - vijJAna meM pudgala vibhinnatA se jAnA jAtA hai / 'guNa' zabda Adhunika vijJAna ke 'Properties' zabda kA samavAcI hai / sajJAntara tathA bhAvAntara ko paryAya kahate hai ' / guNa avinAzI aura sadA sahabhAvI hai tathA paryAya kramabhAvI hai'| zrata guNa dhruva hotA hai, aura paryAya utpAdavyaya hotA hai / isIse dravya ko utpAdavyaya dhauvayukta kahA jAtA hai' / vAstava meM guNa aura paryAya eka hI hai / guNa kA vizlepaNa hI paryAya hai / guNa kA kramavikAsa bhAva hI paryAya hai / kramavikAsabhAva kA pAribhASika nAma "pariNamana" hai / pratyeka dravya meM katipaya guNa kramabhAvI yA pariNAmI hote haiM aura ima pariNamana zakti se dravya kI -- usa guNa apekSita-majA yA bhAva meM jo antara yA parivartana hotA hai, use paryAya kahate hai / udAharaNa - sone kA DhalA tathA cUDI / mone kA pIta Adi sahabhAvI guNa sone ke Dhele tathA sone kI cUDI dono meM hai| AkAra ( sasthAna ) grahaNa karane kA sone kA jo kramabhAvI yA pariNAmI guNa hai usase sonA kabhI DhelA, kabhI cUDI kA AkAra grahaNa kara sakatA hai| yaha AkAra parivartana pariNamana hai tathA grAkAra-paryAya hai| Dhele kA AkAra 10 1- bhAvAntara sajJAntara ca paryAya / - tattvArthasUtra zra0 5 sUtra 37 kA bhASya / 2 - anantastrikAlaviSayatvAd aparimitA ye dharmA sahabhAvina kramabhAvinazca paryAyA / - syAdvAdamajarI zloka 22 kI vyAkhyA | 3 - utpAdavyayadhIvyayukta sat / - tattvAryasUtra zra0 5 sUtra 26

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dUsarA adhyAya pudgala ke lakSaNoM kA vizleSaNa 11 paryAya vyara hokara cUDI kA AkAra-paryAya-utpanna hotA hai / inIme paryAya ko utpAdana-yaya-bhAvI kahA jAtA hai / Dhele se cUDI hokara bhI suvarNatva dhruva rahatA hai| apane svabhAva ko binA choDe, utpAdavyaya-dhodhamAhita, guNAtmaka, paryAyamahita jo hai use dravya kne hai| 2 pudgala nitya tathA avasthita hai nitya tathA avasthita yaha dono guNa nabhI dravyoM meM yugapad sthAyI bhAva meM rahate haiN| jisake svabhAva kA vyaya nahIM ho tathA jo sarvathA vinaSTa nahI ho, vaha nitya hai / jo malyA meM kamate yA bar3hane nahIM hai, jo anAdi nidhana hai, jo sadA svamvarUpa meM rahate haiM nayA jo na dUsare ko apane spa meM pariNamAte hai / ve avasthita hai| 1-aparityaktasvabhAvenotpAdavyayadhruvatvasayuktam / guNavacca saparyApa yattadravyamiti dhruvati / / --pravacanasAra a0 2 gAthA 3 2-tadbhAvAcyayaM nityam / tattvAryasUtra a0 5 sUtra 30 3-avasthita grahaNAdanyUnAdhikatvamAvirbhAvyate, anAdinidhaneyattAbhyAM na svatatva vyabhicaranti / -tatvAryasUtra a05 sUtra 3 siddhisena gaNi TIkA

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12 janA jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudagala pudgala ananta atIta meM lagAtAra thA, vartamAna kAla meM lagAtAra hai, tathA ananta bhaviSyatkAla meM lagAtAra rhegaa| pudgala (guNa paryAyavAlA) nitya tayA avasthita dravya hai| ata yaha kabhI sarvathA naSTa nahIM hogA tathA kabhI anya dravya meM pariNata nahIM hogaa| pudgala pudgala hI rhegaa| ananta atItakAla meM jitane pudgala dravya ye, vartamAna kAla (namaya) me utane hI hai tathA ananta pAnevAle kAla meM utane hI rheNge| na kabhI koI pudgala-dravya vilupta huA, na vartamAna samaya meM vilupta ho rahA hai tathA na kabhI anAgata kAla meM vilupta hogaa| ananta atIta meM na koI navIna pudgala dravya vanA thA, na vartamAna samaya meM koI navIna pudgala dravya banatA hai tathA na ananna bhaviSyakAla meM koI navIna dravya bnegaa| dravyArthika naya se pudgala madA nitya tathA avasthita hai| 1-poggale atItamaNata, sAsaya samaya bhuvIti vattavva siyaa| poggale par3appaNNa, sAsaya samaya bhavIti vattava siyaa| poggale praNAgayamaNata, sAsaya samaya bhavissatIti vattava siyaa| --bhagavatIsUtra zataka 1 uddezaka 4 2-na jAtu cidanAdikAlaprasiddhivazopanItA maryAdAmatikAmati, svalakSaNavyatikaro hi nirbhedatAhetu padArthanAm, prata svaguNamapahAya nAnyadIyaguNasamparigrahametAnyAtiSThante, tsmaadvsthitaaniiti| - lattvArthasUtra a0 5 sU0 3 ke bhASya para siddhisena gaNi TIkA

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dUsarA adhyAya pudagala ke lakSaNo kA vizleSaNa 13 3 pudgala ajIva hai : jisameM jIvatva kA abhAva ho vaha ajIva hai| pudgala jIva se sarvathA viruddha jaDa hai, caitanyavihIna hai, eva upayogarahita hai| jIva kA lakSaNa upayoga kahA gayA hai| ata pudgala upayoga lakSaNa rahita hone ke kAraNa jIva nahI hai| pudgala jIva nahIM, ajIva 4 pudgala asti hai sat hai| marIcikA yA mAyA nahI hai| kAlavyatireka pudgalasaha pAMca dravyo kA "astitva" hI mRla guNa haiN| astitva, vibhAva-guNa nahI, svabhAva-guNa haiN| yaha (yAnI dravya kA astitva) guNa paryAya sahita hai tathA utpAdavyayadhruvatva 1-upayogo lakSaNam / tattvArthasUtra a0 2 sUtra 8 2--jIvAdanyojjIva Xx sataeva vastuno'bhimata , vidhipradhAnatvAt, atastutyAstitveva, bhAveSu caitanyaniSedhadvAreNa dharmAdipvajIvA ityanuzAsanam / 3-jIvo na bhavatItyajIva / 4-iha vividha lakSaNAnA lakSaNameka saditi sarvagata / --pravacanasAra a0 2 gAthA 5 pUrvAddha chaayaa| 5-astitva hi kila dravyasya svabhAva |-prvcnsaar a0 2 gA0 4 ko prdiipikaavRti|

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14 jana padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala mayukta hai| pudgala avAstava nahI hai| kalpanA mAtra nahIM hai| upacAra se avatiSThita nahI hai| vidyamAna hai| trikAlavartI asti hai| 5 pudgala kAyavAlA hai kAla ko choDakara, vAkI pAMca dravya "astikAya" kahalAte hai'| cIyate itikAya / 'kAya' zabda se zarIra avayavI grahaNa hotA hai| kAya se pradeza kA prAzaya bhI liyA jAtA hai| jisame zarIra kI taraha bahuta se avayava yA pradeza pAye jAyeM, vaha kAyavAlA kahA jAtA hai| skandha pudgala ke ekAdhika ananta yAvat avayavI pradeza hote haiN| ata pudgala kAyavAlA hai| pudgala paramANu eka pradezI hai, lekina paramANu milakara bahupradezI skandha hotA 1-sadbhAvo hi svabhAvo guNa saha paryayazcitra / dravyasya sarvakAlamutpAdavyayadhruvatva / --pravacanasAra a 2 gA 4 kI chaayaa| 2-asti ityaya nipAta kaaltryaabhidhaayii| -bhagavatIsUtra za 2 u 10 ko TIkA meM 3-uttakAlavijuttaNAdanvA paca atyikaayaadu| -vRhad dravyasagraha sUtra 23 4-kAya pradezarAzaya / -bhagavatIsUtra za 2 u. 10 kI TIkA meM 5-phAyA iva bahu desA tahmA yA kAya atyikAyA y|| bRhad dravyasagraha sUtra 24

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dUsarA adhyAya pudgala ke lakSaNoM kA vizleSaNa 15 hai| ata paramANu pudgala ko upacAra se kAya kahA hai| 6 pudgala rUpI hai' tathaiva mUrta hai' . rupAdi sparza, rasa, ganva, varNa ssthaan| guNo meM pariNamana ke kAraNa pudgala rUpI tadartha mUrta kahA jAtA hai| varNa, rasa, gandha aura sparNa-ye rUpa pariNAmI guNa pudgala ke lakSaNa guNa haiM: jo guNa dUmare meM nahIM ho vaha guNa lakSaNa-guNa kahalAtA hai| jisase lakSya nirdiSTa kiyA jA sake vaha lakSaNa hai| lakSaNaguNa se hI eka vastu ko dUsarI vastu se pRthak kiyA jA sakatA hai| cha dravyo me kevala pudgala hI rUpI hai| anya dravya spI nahIM hai| 1-eyapadeso vi aNu NANAkhadhappadesado hodi bahudeso uvayArA teNa ya kAno bhaNati sancaeha / / -bRhad dravyasagraha sUtra 26 2-rUpiNa pudglaa|-tttvaarysuutr a5 sU 4 rUpe mUrti sUtra 3 ke bhASya meN| 3-rUpazabdasyAgnekArthatve mUrtiparyAyagrahaNa zAstrasAmarthyAt / -rAjavArtika 5 5.1 4-rUpAdisasthAnapariNAmo mUrti / -tattvAryarAjavArtika "rUpiNa pudgalA" sUtra kI vyAkhyA meN| 5-sparzarasagandhavarNavanta pudgalA / -tatvArthasUtra a 5 sU. 23 6-sparza rasa gandha varNa ityevaMlakSaNA pudgalA. bhavanti / --uparokta sUtra kA bhASya / 7-lakSyate'neneti lakSaNam / siddhisena gaNi vaktavya / /

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala jo rUpI hai vahI mUrta hai| varNa, rasa, gandha, sparza ke viziSTha pariNAmo se mUrtitva hotA hai| jo rUpI hai vahI pudgala dravya hai| koI bhI pudgala arUpI arthAt varNa, rama, gandha, sparza rahita nahI ho sakatA hai| rUpatva kabhI pudgala se alaga yA bhinna nahI hotA hai| jisameM rUpatva nahI, vaha pudgala nahIM hai| varNa, rasa, gandha tathA sparza ke samavAya ko rUpatva kahate hai| ina cAro kI mamapTi ko pudgala kA spatvaguNa kahate haiN| kevala varNa yA tathA masthAna ko rUpatva yA mUrtatva nahI kahate / jahA~ rupa (varNa) hai vahA~ sparza, rasa tathA gandha jarUra hai| aisA koI pudgala nahI hai jisame ina cAro me se kevala koI tIna, koI do, yA koI eka hI ho / anya dravyo me iname se koI 1-rUparasa gandhasparzA eva viziSTa pariNAmAnugRhIta sato mUrtivyayadezabhAjo bhvnti| tatvAryasUtra 53 ke bhASya kI siddhisenagaNi TIkA meN| 2-pudgalA eva rUpiNo bhavanti / --tattvArthasUtra a 5 sU 4 kA bhASya / 3-na mUrtivyatirikeNa pudgalA snti| --tattvArthasUtra 5 4 ke bhASya para siddhisenagaNi ttiikaa| 4-arUpA pudgalA na bhavanti / -tattvArthasUtra 5 4 ko siddhisenagaNi ttiikaa| 5-yatra rUpa pariNAma tatrAvazyantayA sparzarasagandharapi bhAvyam, ata sahacarametaccatuSTayam / --tattvArthasUtra 53 kI bhASyopari siddhisenagaNi ttiikaa|

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17 dUmarA adhyAya pudgala ke lakSaNo kA vizleSaNa eka, koI To, yA koI tIna yA cAge nahIM pAye jA sakatehai / mava pudgalo meM-cAhe paramANu, cAhe skanda ho-varNa, rasa, gandha tathA sparza ye cAge hI avazya hone hai| pudgala kI narva avasthAnI meM ye cAro hI pAye jAte hai cAhe vyakta ho yA avykt| masthAna bhI varNa, rama, gandha, sparga ke sivAya-mRrtatva kA eka lakSaNa haiN| masthAna kA artha AkRti yA prakAra hai| samyAna ko pudgala kA galana-milanakArI mvabhAvajanya kahA jA sakatA hai| dharNa ke pA~ca bheda kAlA, nIlA, lAla, pIlA aura mAdA / rama ke pAMca bheda tIkhA, kaDavA, kapAya, baTTA zrIra miig| gandha ke do bheda sugandha aura durgny| mparza ke ATha bheda kaThina, mRdu, guru, naghu, gIta, uSNa, snigya aura ruukss| mamthAna ke pAMca bheda parimaNDala, vRta, ayana, catugna aura praayt| 1-rUpAdisasyAnapariNAmo mUtti / tattvArya rAjAvAtikam 551 kI vyAkhyA meN| 2-tatrasparzo'STavidha kaThino mRdurgurulaMgha zItauSNa snigdhorukSa iti| rasa pacavidha-tikta kaTu phapAyo'mlomapura iti / gandho dvividha -surabhirasurabhizca / varNa pacavidha-kRSNonIlo lohita pIta zukla iti / -tatvAryasUtra 5 * 23 kA bhASya / 3-ayAjIvaparigRhIta vRtta-vyasa-caturasAyataparimaNDala bhedAt -tattvArthasUtra 5 24 bhASya TIkA /

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala ___ sparza, rasa, gandha tathA varNa ina cAro kA paNimana sarva pudgalo meM hotA hai| 7 pudgala kriyAvAn hai (1) utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktasat', yaha masAra kA prathama yA mUla niyama kahA jA sakatA hai| sabhI dravya, sahabhAvI guNo se dhruva hai, tathA kramabhAvI paryAyo se utpAdavyaya rUpa hai| guNo kI apekSA se sabhI dravya niSkriya hai| dravyAthika naya kI pradhAnatA eva paryAyAthika naya kI gauNatA se dravya ko niSkriya kahA jA sakatA hai| paryAyo ke utpAda-vyaya kI apekSA sabhI dravya sakriya hai| paryAyAthika naya kI pradhAnatA tathA dravyAthika naya kI gauNatA se - 1-sparzAdaya paramANuSu skandheSu ca pariNAmajA eva bhavanti / ---tattvArthasUtra 5 24 kA bhAgya / 2-pudgala jIvAstu kiyAvata / -tattvArthasUtra 5 : 6 kA bhASya / 3--tattvArthasUtra 5 26 4-bhagavAnapi vyAjahAra praznatrayamAtreNa dvAdazAGga pravacanArtha sakalavastu sagrAhitvAt prathamata. kila gaNadharebhya -- "uppaNetivA vigametivA dhuvetivaa|" --tattvArthasUtra 5 . 6 siddhisenagaNi ttiikaa| 5-paryAyAthikaguNabhAve dravyArthiphapradhAnyAt sarvebhAvA anutpAdA vyayadarzanAt niSkriyA nityAzca /

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dUsarA adhyAya pudgala ke lakSaNo kA vizleSaNa 16 draya ko sakriya kahA jA sakatA hai| sabhI dravya guNa paryAyavat hai| ana mabhI dravya niSkriya bhI hai, nakriya bhI hai| isa prakAra guNo kI dhruvatA ko niskriyatA tathA paryAya ke utpAda vyaya ko kriyA kahA jA sakatA hai|| (2)paryAya ananna hai| ana kriyA ke bhI ananta bheda yA bhAva hai| nAvAraNa bhAva se paryAya ke do bheda hote hai --artha-paryAya aura vyajana-paryAya / artha-paryAya matra dravyoM meM hotA hai| dravya ke mAmAnya pariNAmika bhAva ne mabhI dravyo meM eka samayavartI arya-paryAya hotI hai| artha-paryAya kA utpAda-vyaya prati samaya hotA hai| (3) vyajana-paryAya (mvabhAva eva vibhAvadviviva ) kevala jIva va pudgala meM hotA hai| vyajana-paryAya mamArI jIva tathA pudgala ke vigepa pAriNAmina bhAva tathA parimpandana nimitta se hotA hai| ina paryAyoM kI utpAda-vyaya kriyA kabhI hotI hai, kabhI nahIM bhI hotI hai| prati samaya hone kA hI isakA niyama nahI hai| prati 1-dravyAyikaguNabhAve paryAyAyikapradhAnyAt sarvebhAvA utpAdavyaya darzanAta sakriyA anityAzceti / -rAjavAtikam 5 7 25 uparokta dvayam / 2-pratimamayapariNatirUpA aryaparyAyA bhaNyante / 3-pariNAmAt ekamamayatino'yaparyAyA / -pravacanasAra tAtparyavRti a 2 gA 37 4-dharmAdharmAkAza kAlAnAm mukhya vRtyakasamayatino'rthaparyAyA eva jIvapudgalAnAm arthaparyAyA vyajana paryAyAzca / --pravacanasAra a0 2 gA0 37 tAtparya vRtti

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jaina padArtha vijJAna meM pudgala samaya ho bhI sakatI hai, nahIM bhI ho sakatI hai / - (4) dravya me do taraha kA bhAva batAyA gayA hai - parispa ndAtmaka aura aparispandAtmaka' / dharma, adharma tathA AkAza aparispandAtmaka hai / iname parispandana karane kI zakti bilkula nahI hai / jIva svabhAva se aparispandAtmaka hai lekina jIva me parispandana karane kI zakti antarnihita hotI hai tathA pudgala ke sayoga se-- podgalika mana, vacana, kAya ina tIno yogo ke nimitta sejIvAtmA ke pradeza parispandana karate haiM / pudgala aparispandAtmaka tathA parispandAtmaka dono svabhAva kA kahA gayA hai / 'rAjavAtika' meM parispandana ko kriyA tathA aparispandana ko pariNAma kahA hai / pravacanasAra kI pradIpikA vRti meM parispandana ko kriyA tathA pariNAma mAtra ( paryAya pariNamana) ko bhAva kahA hai ' / siddhasenagaNi ne pariNAma kI vyavasthA meM 'parispanda itara bhAva ko 20 1 - dravyasya hi bhAvo dvividha parispadAtmaka aparispadAtmakazca / - rAjavArtikam 5 22 21 2 - niSkriyANica tAnIti parispaMda vimuktita. / -- tattvAryazloka vArtikam 5 7.2 3- yoga Atma pradeza parispada / - rAjavArtikam 2 25 5 4 - parispadAtmaka kiyenyAkhyAte, itara pariNAma / -- rAjavAtikam 5 . 22 27 - 5- pariNAma mAtra lakSaNobhAva parispadana lakSaNA kriyA / -pravacanasAra 2 * 37 ko pradIpikA vRti /

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dUnana adhyAya pudgala ke lakSaNoM kA vizleSaNa 21 pariNAma kahA hai| (5) natlAyaMtra ke nApya meM "pudgala jIvAtnu kriyAbanta" isa pada ne pudagala nayA jIva ko kriyAvAn kahA gayA hai nayA "niriThayANi" sUtra meM varma, aramaM nayA AkAza kI jo nistriya kahA gayA hai vaha pagnyindanajanya kriyA nimitta me kahA gayA hai aryAta dharma, ayama nayA pAtrAya yaha nIno pagvyindanajanya dezAntara prApni Adi kriyA vipa nahIM kara sakate hai| vAda-vyayAdi mAmAnya zyiA kA praniyaMtra Tana mUtra meM nahIM haiN| artha-paryAya kA utpAyara to unameM bhI hotA hai| jIvAtmA bhI banAtra ne nirithya hai, kyoki agnyindAtmaka hai| varma-nokarma nimina meM, kArmAga garna sambana ne jIvAtmA ke pradadyA meM parimpandana hotA hai, isalie jIva ko ginyAvanna nhA Taa hai| aSTavikrama-zraya ho jAne meM kAma garga kA - - 1-dravyanya svajAnyaparityAgena parinyadenara prayogana paryAra banAva prinnaam| 2-pudAna jIvaninI yA vizeSa prinyA dezAntara prApti lakSaNAnanyA. pratiyo'yam, notpAdAdi sAmAnya ginyAyA -navAryamUtra 5. 6 kI siddhimenIya TIkA meN| 3 nattvArya rAjavAtikam 5vA anyAya ke sUtra ke 18ce pada kI vyAkhyA meN| phArmaNa garoganabanAtmapradena parimpadana lpA kiyaa| ---tattvArya loka vAtika 2:25

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22 jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala viyoga ghaTane se jIvAtmA "aparispandAtmaka niSkriya" ho jAtA hai| kArmANa zarIra vimukta-azarIrI-jIvAtmA ke svAbhAvika Urdhva gati hotI hai| usIse jIvAtmA siddha sthAna meM pahuMcatI hai| sakriya jIvAtmA ko mokSa kI prApti nahI ho sakatI hai| mukta jIvo meM pradeza sakoca zrAdi jo parispandAtmaka-kriyA hotI hai use pUrva prayoga se utpanna kahA jAtA hai| mukta jIvo meM ananta jJAna, darzana, vIrya, acintya sukhAnubhava kA artha paryAya rUpa utpAda-vyaya to prati samaya hotA hI hai| jaba taka jIvAtmA sakriya hai taba taka vaha mokSa nahI pA sakatI kyoki jaba taka jIvAtmA kriyA karatI rahatI hai taba taka jIvAtmA ke karma kA pudgala ke mAtha bandhana hotA rahatA hai| (6) kriyA ko parispandana lakSaNavAlI kahA gayA hai| parispandana pudgala kA svabhAva hai| parispandana svabhAva se hI pudgala me kriyA hotI hai| parispandana zakti (guNa) se hI pudgala kriyA meM samartha hai / ata pudgala kriyAvanta hai| pudgala svasAmarthya se 1-bhagavatIsUtra 2-jAva caraNa bhate! aya jIve eyAta veyati calati phadati tAva caraNa NANAvaraNijjaNa jAva atarAeNa vajhavitti? hatA goymaa|| 3-parispadana lakSaNA kriyA--pravacanasAra 2 * 37 kI pradIpikA vRti| 4-pravacanasAra 2 37 kI pradIpikA vRti|

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dUsarA adhyAya pudgala ke lakSaNo kA vizleSaNa 23 napriya hai| prAnyannara meM niyA--pariNAmagaktiyukta hai| pudgala narvathA acana, sthira, nikriya nahIM hai| pudgala mavakSetra, marvakAla, navaM avamyA meM kriyAvAn hI ho, ainA bhI nahIM hai| kabhI priyA karanA hai, kabhI nahIM bhI bgnaa| eka pAvAza pradega meM mbira rahakara bhI, pudgala-miyA (mpana-kriyA) karatA hai| parispandana-janita kriyAyeM nirantara nahI Akasmika hotI hai| prathamana kiyA ke ananta paryAyoM kI apekSA, ananta bhaMda ho sakate hai| nAmAnyata ninyA ke aneka bheda hote hai lekina vizeSa apekSAgrA ne nimnanimvina bheda hI makne hai (ka)nimitta-prokSA meM-(1)vanamika prIna(2)mAyAMgika / pAnyanna kriyA pariNAmayukna pudgala meM jo kiyA svata yA anya pudgala ke sahayoga meM hotI hai use vaitramika tathA anya dravya - - 1-sAmaryaryAt matriyo jIva pudgalAniti nizcaya / -tatvArya zloka yAtikama 5.7 2 2-paramANu poggale-siya eyati, veyati, jAva-pariNati, siya No eyati jAva nnoprinnti| --bhagavatImatra 5 7 3-egapaesogADhe poggale mee tammi vA ThANe, anammi vA ThANe, jahaNeNa ega samaya, ukkoseNa prAnaliyAe asasejjai bhAgacira hoi| -bhagavatIsUna 5 7 4-kriyAneka prakArA hi pudglaanaamivaatmnaa| tattvArya zloka vAtikam 7 46 5-pudgalAnAmapi dvividhA miyA vinasA prayoganimittAca / / -tattvArya rAjavArtikam 5 7 17

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24 jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala yAnI jIva ke dvArA pudgala meM jo kriyA hotI hai use prAyogika kahate hai| (kha) svaspa-apekSA se--(1) gati (eka kSetrasthita gati aura dezAntara prApti kSetrAtkSetrAntara-ti) aura (2)vandha bheda / ____ 'bhagavatIsUtra' meM eka kSetrasthita gati (kriyA) ke lie 'eaI' (saskRta 'ejane', artha kampana) zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isa kiyA ke do bheda hai-mamiti aura vividha / dezAntara prApti gati ke kucha bheda isa prakAra hai (1)anuzreNI nayA viveNI, avigrahA tathA vigrahA aura Rju tathA kuTilA; (2) pratighAtI tathA apratighAtI, (3)mpRSTa tathA aspRSTa, aura (4) Urdhva-ava -tirym| kriyA ke (sasArI jIva kI kriyA ke rUpa meM kucha bheda 'bhagavatI' sUtra meM isa prakAra kahe gaye hai -(1) samina eai (samita kampana), (2) veaI (vividha kampana), (3) calai (calanA-gamana), (4) phandaDa (spandana),5 ghaTTai (maghaTana), (6) kSuvyaI (pravalatApUrvaka praveza karanA) aura (7) udIraDa (pravalatApUrvaka preraNa-padArthAntara prtipaadn)| kriyA aneka prakAra kI hai| abhayadeva mUri ne 'bhagavatI nUtra ke zataka dUsare uddezya tIsare (jIva kI kriyAno ke varNana) kI TIkA meM anyAnya kriyAo kA bheda sagraha karane ko kahA hai| gati kriyA ke kucha niyama ina prakAra hai - (1) anuzreNi gati ,

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dUsarA zradhyAya pudgala ke lakSaNo kA vizleSaNa (2) ekasamayo vigraha, lokAtaprApiNi api, (3) paramANeraniyatA, 25. (4) cAla (ka) jaghanya - eka samaya meM eka pradeza (kha) utkRSTa -- eka samaya meM lokAnta se lokAnta / -- (5) kampana kriyAkAla -- ( ka ) jaghanya - eka samaya / (kha) utkRSTa ---- avili ke prasakheya bhAga, aura (6) niSkampa ( niSkriya) kAla - (ka) jaghanya -- eka samaya / (kha) utkRSTa --- prasakhyeya kAla / niyama sAmAnya se pudgala kI "dezAntara prApiNi gati" anuzreNI hotI hai| lekina prayoga pariNAmavazAt vizreNI bhI ho sakatI hai| pudgala kI lokAntaprApiNi gati niyama se anuzreNI hI hotI hai / (dekho tatvArthaM sUtra a 2 sUtra 27 tathA 26, tathA 27 kI siddhasena gaNi TIkA / pudgalAnAmapi gati sthitIti / ) pudgala galana milanakArI hai . pudgala kA nAma pudgala huA hai' / vastu kA nAma rakhA bhI jAtA hai| (1) pUraNa (milana) tathA galana svabhAva ke kAraNa hI svabhAva tathA kriyA ke anusAra pUraNa kA artha milanA aura 8 1- pud galazabdasyArthI nirdiSTa pugilanAt pUraNa galanAdvA pudgala iti / -- rAjavArtikam 5.16.40 2 - pUryante galanti ca pudgalA ghAtostadarthAtizayena yoga mayura bhramarAdivat / - zrutasAgarI vRti /

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala galana kA artha alaga honA hai| dUsare zabdo me, pudgala saghabaddha hotA hai tathA phira alaga hotA hai| pudgala kA prathama (kAraNa) svarUpa paramANu hai| eka paramANu pudgala kA dUsare paramANu pudgala ke sAya mparza hone se kitane hI niyamo meM anuvartI hokara kabhI saghavaddha (ekIbhAva) hotA hai tathA maghavaddha hokara phira kabhI bhinna hotA hai| __ isa prakAra unhI (maghAta bhedAdi snigdha smAdi prayoga vistramAdi) niyamo ke anuvartI hokara ekAdhika ananta taka paramANu padugalo ke sAya maghavaddha (ekabhAva) hotA hai athavA saghavaddha avasthA se bheda hotA hai| paramANu pudgalo kA isa prakAra baddha honA tathA bheda honA pudgala ke pUraNa-galana svabhAva se hotA hai| paramANu pudgala ima prakAra baddha hokara ekatva rUpa pariNamana karate hai| isa ekabhAva spa kA nAma skandha hai', skandha samavAcI hai| __ paramANu pudgala kI taraha, eka skandha kA dUsare eka yA ekAdhika skanva ke mAtha vandhana ho makatA hai| unhI niyamo ke anuvartI skandha kA bheda hone se kevala paramANu rUpa me hI pRthakkaraNa nahIM hotA, kevala skandha rUpa meM bhI pRthakkaraNa ho sakatA hai tayA skandha eva paramANu aise mizra rUpa meM bhI pRthakkaraNa ho sakatA 1-kAraNa bheda tadantya sUkSmo nityazcabhavati paramANu / . -tattvAryasUtra 5 25 kA bhASya / 2-pariprAptavandha pariNAmA skaghA / ---rAjavAtikam 5 . 25 16

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28 jaina padArya-vijJAna meM pudgala pudgala se, rUkSa-sparza pudgala kA rUkSa-sparza pudgala se bandhana hotA hai| sparza-guNa ke bhedo se pudgala ke snigdha tathA rUkSa-guNa hote hai| ina snigdha-rUkSa sparza-guNo meM tAratamyatA hotI hai arthAt snigdha-guNa kI snigdhatA-zakti meM kamI-vesI hotI hai| sarva paramANu pudgalo kI snigdhatA yA rukSatA eka samAna nahIM hotI hai| avibhAga pariccheda zakti ko 'guNa' va aza kahate hai| pudgala paramANu meM snigdhatA yA rukSatA kI tIvratA yA mANatA isa "nivibhAgI aza" ke pUrNaka guNanaphalo se hotI hai| jaise 1 aza snigdhatA, 2 aza snigdhatA, 25 aza snigdhatA ityAdi ananta aza taka / ima aza kA bhinna nahIM hotaa| isalie paramANu pudgala meM DeDha aza, 23 aza, 45 aza ityAdi snigdhatA yA rUkSatA nahI hotI hai| uparyukta tIna bandhana yogyatA niyama tatvArtha sUtra' ke 33 // 34 // 35veM sUtro meM (pacama adhyAya) meM avasthApita kiye gaye hai| ina tIna bandhana yogyatA niyamo ke upaniyama yA vizleSaNa, niyamo kA vivecana anya adhyAya meM Age hogaa| vandha hone se do yA adhika ananta taka paramANu pudgala eka AkAza-pradeza meM bhI raha sakate hai yA do pradeza me yA do pradeza se adhika asakhya pradezo meM avagAha kara sakate hai| lekina bandhana prApta paramANu pudgala nija kI saMkhyA se adhika pradeza meM avagAha nahI kara skte| ananta paramANuo kA pariprApta vandha pariNAmaskandha asakhya pradeza se adhika pradezI nahI ho sakatA hai|

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dUsarA adhyAya pudagala ke lakSaNo kA vizleSaNa 26 yaha lakSya rakhane kI vastu hai ki aneka paramANu pudgala vinA vandha pariNAma ko prApta hue bhI eka AkAza kSetra meM eka kAla meM spRza yA aspRza hokara raha sakate hai| vanya do prakAra kA hotA hai -prAyogika aura vitrmaa| vitrasA ke do bheda hote hai-sAdi aura anaadi| anAdi vinasA dharma, adharma tathA AkAza kA hotA hai| anya dRSTi se vandha ke aura do bheda hote hai -deza-vandha aura srv-bndh| eka pradeza kA dUsare pradezo ke mAya sambandha dega-bandha hai| eka pradeza meM dUsare pradezoM kA samA jAnA tathA eka pradeza-spa ho jAnA sarvavandha hai| mAdi vilasA vanya tIna prakAra kA hotA hai-vadha pratyayika, bhAjanapratyayika tathA pariNAmapratyayikA smasnigdha guNoM ke kAraNa jo bandhana hotA hai vaha pratyayika hai| bhAjana AdhAra ke nimitta jo vandhana hotA hai vaha bhAjanapratyayika hai| udAharaNa ---eka varatana (bhAjana) meM rahI purAnI zagava kA maghaTTa honaa| pariNAma pratyayika-pariNamana ke nimitta jo bandhana hotA hai vaha pariNAma pratyayika hai (dekho bhagavatI sUtrazataka 8 uddezyaH) __ bheda pA~ca taraha se hotA hai --(1) khaNDa, (2) pratara, (3) cUNikA, (4) anutaTikA tathA (5) utkrikaa| ekatva pariNita dravya ke vizlepaNa ko bheda kahate hai| 6 pudgala pariNAmI hai pudgala pariNamana karatA hai| pudgalake pariNAma hotA

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30 jaina pAdArya-vijJAna meM pudgala hai| eka avasthA (paryAya) ko choDakara dUsarI avasthA (paryAya) ko prApta karane ko pariNamana kahate hai| koI dravya na to sarvathA nitya hai, na sarvathA vinAzI hai, isalie pratyeka dravya kA pariNAma svIkAra karanA ipTa hai| pAtajalayoga ke TIkAkAra vyAsa ne bhI kahA hai --"avasthitasya dravyasya pUrva dharma nivRtIdharmAntarotpatti pariNAma "-avasthita dravya ke prathama dharma ke nAza hone para dUsare dharma kI utpatti ko pariNAma kahate hai| dravya kI nija kI jAti yA nija ke svabhAva ko choDe vinA prayoga yA visrasA se udbhAvita vikAra ko pariNAma kahate haiN| pariNAma se kriyA ko alaga dikhAne ke lie-siddhasena gaNi ne-parispandana itara prayogaja paryAya svabhAva ko pariNAma kahA hai / 'tattvArthasUtra' meM dravyo ke nija-nija ke svabhAva meM vartane ko pariNAma kahA hai| 'bhagavatI' mUtra meM pudgala ke pariNAma pA~ca taraha ke batAye gaye hai| ---varNa, rasa, gandha, sparza tathA sasthAna, jo pudgala ko rUpI banAte hai| - - 1-pariNAmozvasthAntara gamana na ca sarvathA hyavasthAnam / na ca sarvathA vinAza pariNAmastadvidAbhiSTa / syAdvAda mjrii| 2-dravyasya svajAtyaparityAgena prayoga vistrasA lakSaNovikAra. pariNAma / -rAjavAtikam 5 22 * 10 3-dravyasya svajAtyAparityAgena parispadetaraprayogajaparyAya svabhAva. pariNAma / -tatvArthasUtra a5sa 22 siddhisena gaNi / 4-tadbhAva pariNAma |-tttvaarthsuutr 5 42 5-pacavihe poggala pariNAme paNNatte-tajahA-vanna, gandha, rasa, phAsa, saMThANa prinnaame| ---bhagavatIsUtra za 8 u 10

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dUsarA adhyAya pudgala ke lakSaNoM kA vizleSaNa 31 'prajJApanA' sUtra meM ajIva ke dama pariNAma batAye hai jo saba pudgala meM lAgU hote hai| ina dama meM 5 to uparokta 'bhagavatI' sUtra meM kathita (varNa, rasa, gandha, sparza aura sasthAna) hI hai tathA avazepa isa prakAra hai-canva, bheda, gati, zabda tathA aguru-lghu|| ___ kAla kI apekSA se pariNAma batAyA gayA hai anAdi, saadi'| pudgalo kA pariNAma AdimAna hai| pudgala paramANu svaavasthA meM gati tathA aguru-laghu yaha do pariNamana hI kregaa| anya paramANu ke yA skandha ke mAtha vanva hone se mamaguNa vAlA samaguNa ko lekina vimadRza ko pariNamana kara sakatA hai| adhika guNavAlA hIna guNavAle ko pariNamana kregaa| pudgala kA AdimAna pariNAma aneka prakAra kA hai| pariNAma me nimitta apekSA se tIna bheda hai --prayoga pariNati, mizra pariNati aura visamA prinnti| 10 pudgala ananta hai pudgala kA prathama svarUpa paramANu hai, jo ananta hai| ata 1-anAdirAdimAzca |-ttvaarthsuutr 5 42 2-rUpiSvAdimAna / -tattvArthasUtra 5 43 3-badhe samAdhiko prinnaamiko|-tttvaarysuutr 5 36 4-rUpiSu dravyeSu AdimAn pariNAmo'nekavidha / / -tattvArthasUtra 5 43 kA bhASya / 5-tivihA poggalA paNNatA-payogapariNayA, mIsasA pariNayA, visasA prinnyaa| --bhagavatIsUtra za 8 u 1

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala dravya kI apekSA me pudgala ananta hai| jIva se pudgala ananta guNa hai| do, dama, nasyAta, asakhyAta, ananta paramANuo kA parampara meM vanvana hokara jo skanva banate haiM, ve skanva bhI ananta 11 * pudgala loka pramANa hai pudgala loka pramANa hai arthAt pudgala loka me hI hai, tathA paramANu ananta hai| ata dravya kI apekSA pudgala ananta hai| jIva se pudgala ananta guNa hai| do, dama, matyAta, asatyAta, ananta paramANuno kA parampara meM vanvana hokara jo skanva banate haiM ve skanca bhI ananta haiN| 12 pudgala jIva-grAhya hai jIva dvArA grahaNa honA yaha pudgala kA lakSaNa hai| pudgala meM jIva ko grahaNa karane kI koI nakti yA guNa nahIM hai, kevala jIva dvArA prahita hone kA guNa hai| jIva hI pudgala ko AkarSita karake grahaNa karatA hai tathA grahaNa karake pudgala ke mAya bandhana ko prApta hotA hai| jIva kA yaha pudgala grahaNa svakSetra sthita pudgalo kA hI hotA hai anya kSetra meM sthita pudgalo kA nhiiN| jIva kA yaha pudgala grahaNa jIva ke apane kApAyika pariNAmo me hotA hai| sarva jIva pudgala ko grahaNa nahI karate haiM kevala namArI jIva-makapAyI

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dUsarA adhyAya pudgala ke lakSaNo kA vizleSaNa 33 yAnI kApAyika pariNAmo se yukta hone ke kAraNa-karma-yogya pudgalo ko grahaNa karatA hai| pudgalo ke (mana, vacana, kAya yoga rUpa pudgalo ke)' sayoga se aura bhI karma-yogya pudgalo ko grahaNa karatA hai| dUsare zabdo meM jIva pudgala ko grahaNa karake grahIta pudgalo ke sAtha vanvana ko prApta hokara-una pudgalo kI mana, vacana, kAyA rUpa meM bhI pariNamana karatA hai tathA phira mana, vacana, kAya yoga pariNata pudgalo ke sayoga se jIva aura karma-yogya pudgalo ko grahaNa karatA hai| karma-yogya pudgala hI jIva dvArA grahIta hote hai| sava taraha ke pudgala jIva dvArA grahIta nahI hote haiN| paramANu rUpa meM pudgala jIva dvArA grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| sava taraha kI skandha avasthA meM bhI nhii| pudgala skandho ke samAsa meM jo 22 bheda haiM unhI bhedo meM kArmANa-vargaNA tathA naukANi-vargaNA nAma ke jo bheda haiM, ve hI pudgala-skandha jIva ke dvArA grahIta hote haiN| jina pudgala-skandho se (vargaNAmro se) jJAnAvaraNAdika ATha karma banate hai unako kArmANa-vargaNA-skanva kahate hai| jina pudgala-skanvo se zarIra-paryApti tathA prANa vanate haiM unako nokarma-vargaNA-skandha kahate haiN| nokarma-vargaNAskandho ke cAra bheda hai -(1) AhAra-vargaNA, (2) bhApA-vargaNA, (3) mano-vargaNA tathA (4) tejs-vrgnnaa| ina karma-nokarma yogya pudgala vargaNAo se sasArI jIva ke pA~ca zarIra (zrIdArika, vaikriya, AhAraka, tejasa, kArmANa), vacana tathA prANApani vanate /

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34 jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala hai / kArmANa-vargaNA se kArmANa zarIra banatA hai / AhAra-vargaNA se zradArika, vaikriya, AhArika zarIra tathA prANa- prapAna vanatA hai / bhASA vargaNA se vacana banatA hai / mano vargaNA se mana banatA hai / tejasa - vargaNA se tejasa zarIra banatA hai / isa taraha pudgala jIva dvArA grahIta hokara sasArI jIva kA cAra prakAra kA upakAra karatA hai arthAt sasArI jIva ke zarIra, vacana, mana aura prANApAna rUpa meM pariNata hokara jIva ke kAma AtA hai, ata upakAra karatA hai| isa prakAra zarIrAdi rUpa meM pariNata hokara pudgala cAra prakAra se upagraha ke rUpa meM jIva kA aura bhI upakAra karatA hai / cAra upagraha isa prakAra hai -sukha upagraha, dukha upagraha, jIvita upagraha aura maraNa upagraha / jo grahIta pudgala ipTa ho unase jIva ko sukha hotA hai / jo pudgala aniSTa ho unase jIva ko dukha hotA hai| jina ( yathA snAna bhojanAdi meM vyavahRta) pudgalo se Ayu kA apavartana ho ve jIvita upagraha - upakAra karate haiM arthAt jIva ke vartamAna zarIra se jIva kA samvandha cAlU rakhane meM sahAyatA karate haiN| jina pudgalo se ( yathA vipazastra agni zrAdi se ) Ayu kA apavartana ho ve pudgala maraNa upagraha - upakAra karate haiM arthAt jIva ke vartamAna zarIra se jIva kA sambandhaviccheda karate haiM / jIva ke dvArA grahIta hone para, pudgala kA jIva ke sAtha jo sambandha sthApita hotA hai vaha jIva tathA pudgala kA sambandha ghaniSTa hai, gADhatara hai, spRSTa hai, sneha se pratibaddha hai, samudAya rUpa hai /

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dUsarA avyAya: pudgala ke lakSaNo kA vizleSaNa 35 arthAt sasArI jIva tathA pudgala paraspara meM ghaniSTa bhAva se (annamannavaddhA)vaddha haiM, gADhatara bhAva se (lolIbhAvagatA) baddha hai, (annamanna pUchA) sarva spRpTa hai, sarvadeza meM baddha (annamanna progAThA) haiM, sneha se prativaddha (annamanna miNeha paDivaddhA) haiM tathA paraspara meM jIva tathA grahIta pudgala samudAya rUpameM rahate hai (annamana ghaDatAe citi)| pudgala jIva ke dvArA grahIta hokara hI nahIM raha jAtA hai| grahIta hokara vaha jIva ke sAtha vanva ko prApta hotA hai tathA pariNAma ko prApta hotA hai| jIva ke sAtha usakA yaha vandha cAra taraha kA hotA hai prakRti vanya, sthiti vanva, anubhAva vanya tathA pradeza vanya / grahaNa kI huI kArmaNa-vargaNAmo meM apane-apane yogya svabhAva yA prakRti ke par3ane ko prakRti vanya kahate haiN| jisa karma-yogya pudgala kI jaimI prakRti, AvaraNa , ipTa, anipTa, antarAya Adi kI prakRti hotI hai vaha usIke anusAra prAtmA ke guNo kI ghAta prAdi rUpa pariNamana kiyA karatA hai| eka samaya meM baMdhanevAle karma-yogya pudgala AtmA-jIva ke sAtha kavataka sambandha rakheMge, aise kAla parimANa ko sthiti kahate hai / una ba~dhanevAle pudgalo meM sthiti baMdha jAne ko sthiti bandha kahate haiN| vacane vAle karma-yogya pudgalo meM phala dene kI zakti ke tAratamya ke par3ane ko anubhAva yA anubhAga vanya kahate haiN| vavanevAle karma-yogya pudgalo kI vargaNAoM kA jIvAtmA ke pradezo ke sAtha jo vandha hotA hai, use pradeza vanya kahate hai| yaha jIvAtmA ke pradezo ke sAtha karmayogya pudgalo kI vargaNAo

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala kA pradeza vanya ATha prakAra kA hotA hai-yathA-(1) nAma pratyaya, (2) marvata , (3) yoga vizepAt, (4) sUkSma, (5) ekakSetra avagADha, (6) sthita, (7) sarvAtmapradezI tathA (8) anantAnanta prdeshii| jisa nAma kI karma prakRti kA pradeza vanvana ho vaha usa nAma kA pradeza vanvana hotA hai| Urdhva-adha -tiryak sarva dizAo se jIva pudgala ko grahaNa karatA hai| ata isa apekSA se jIva pudgala ke pradeza bandhana ko sarvata pradeza vandhana kahate hai| mana, vacana, kAya ke nimitta se AtmA ke pradezo kA parispandana hotA hai, ise yoga kahate hai| isa yoga kI vizeSa ceSTA tathA tIvra-manda Adika pariNAma se jo pradeza bandhana hotA hai use yoga vizepAt pradeza vandhana kahate hai| sUkSma pariNAmavAle karmayogya pudgalo kA hI jIvAtmA ke pradezo ke sAtha vanvana hotA hai| isa apekSA se sUkSma pradeza vanvana kahA jAtA hai| eka AkAza pradeza meM avasthita pudgalo tathA jIva kA vandhana hotA hai tathA vanvana hokara jIva pudgala eka hI kSetra meM avagAha karanevAle hote hai / ata isa apekSA se eka kSetra avagAha pradeza vanvana kahA jAtA hai| sthita pudgala karma-nokarmavargaNAo ke sAtha hI jIva kA vanvana hotA hai| gatimAna pudgalo ke sAtha jIva kA vandhana nahI hotA hai / isa apekSA se sthita pradeza vanvana hotA hai| sarvAtma pradeza se sarva prakRti ke pudgalo kA AtmA ke sarva pradezo se bandhana hotA hai isa apekSAse sarvAtmapradezI pradeza vanvana kahate hai| ananta pradezI pudgala skandha aise ananta skandho

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dUsarA adhyAya * pudgala ke lakSaNo kA vizleSaNa 37 kA AtmA ke eka hI pradeza ke mAya vanvana hotA hai / isa apekSA se anantAnanta pradezI vanya kahate haiM / jIva ko choDakara anya cAra dravyo kA koI upakAra pudgala nahI karatA hai / anya dravyoM se upakAra grahaNa karatA hai / zrAkAza ne avagAha meM dharma se kriyA yA gati meM, avarma se sthita yA niSkampa hone meM, tathA kAla se pariNamana meM upakAra grahaNa karatA hai / kyoki sarva pariNamana yA kriyA mamaya sApekSa hai / upacAra se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki upakAra grahaNa karake pudgala ina cAra dravyo ko sva-svabhAva meM pariNamana karane meM sahAya karatA hai / anya dravyo kA pudgala ko yaha ( avagAhanAdi ) upakAra - sahakAra sakriya nahI hai / balki pudgala nija ke pariNamana ke nimitta unake upakAra yA mahakAra ko grahaNa karatA hai / caya, upacaya, apacaya, zrAyu, antarakAla, agurulaghu, sUkSma-sthUla, sUkSma-vAdara bheda-upabheda ityAdi vipayo ko hamane paribhASA meM nahI rakhA hai unakA vivecana pIche karege / pudgala ke udAharaNa isa paribhASA kI kasauTI para kase hue kucha pudgalo ke udAharaNa yahA~ diye jAte haiM / hama sAmAnya udAharaNo ko nahI de rahe haiM balki ve hI udAharaNa de rahe hai jina pudgalo ko atIta meM anya dharmo ne pudgala volakara mAnya nahI kiyA thA valki zrAdhunika

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38 jana padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala vijJAnane jinameM se kucha ko paudgalika vastuo ke rUpa meM grahaNa kara liyA hai| udAharaNa - (1) mana, (2) zabda, (3) tama, (4) chAyA, (5) tApaAtApa,(s)udyota-prakAza, (7) vidyuta, (8) uSNa razmi, aura (6) zIta razmi / zepa dono tejas labdhi zarIra ke bheda hai| ye saba paudgalika haiN| inameM se mana ko Adhunika vijJAna ne paudgalika volakara ghopita nahIM kiyA hai| kyoki mana kI guNa-doSa vicAraNikA sampravAraNA ko paudgalika mAnane meM Adhunika vijJAna ko nizcita pramANa nahIM milA hai| yaha vAta ullekha yogya hai ki Adhunika vijJAna mana-cetanAko abhI taka vibhinna gaNya karatA hai| anya dravya aura pudgala ke guNa pudgala kI paribhASA meM diye gaye guNo meM se2 - ka-prathama guNa. drvy-nity-avsthit| sabhI dravyo meM 1-pariNAmI jIva-mutta sapadeta eya-khetta-kiriyAya Nicca kAraNaphattA-sanbagadamidarahiyaMpavele // duNiya-eya-eya-paca-ttiya-eya-duNNi-cauroya paca ya eyaM-evaMedesaM-eya-uttara-Neya // -navatattva meM tayA vRhad dravyasagraha meM cUlikA rUpa meN| 2-vRhad dravyasaMgraha meM dI huI uparokta cUlikA kI vyAkhyA (saMskRta) dekheN|

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dUsarA adhyAya : pudgala ke lakSaNo kA vizleSaNa 36 pAyA jAtA hai| kha-dUsarA guNa ajIva / AkAza, dharma, adharma tathA kAla me bhI pAyA jAtA hai| __ gatIsarA-cauthA guNa astikaay| kAla ko choDa kara vAkI pAMca dravyo meM pAyA jAtA hai| gha-chaThA guNa kriyAvAn / jIva meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| ca-pAThavAM guNa prinnaamii| jIva aura pudgalo meM kahA gayA hai| cha-navAM guNa ananta dravya apekSA / jIva bhI dravya-apekSA se ananta hai| - ja-dasavA~ guNa loka prmaann| dharma, adharma, jIva bhI lokapramANa hai| jha-pA~cavA~ guNa ruupii| kevala pudgala meM hI hotA hai| Ta-sAtavA~ guNa gln-miln-ssthaan| pudgala kA svabhAva guNa hai, kevala isImeM pAyA jAtA hai| Tha-uparokta dama guNa para-dravya samvandhita nahI hai lekina 11vAM guNa para-upakAra guNa hai tathA jIva dravya se sambandhita hai| isa guNa ke kAraNa jIva pudgala ko grahaNa kara sakatA hai yA kahiye jIva aura pudgala kA vandha ho sakatA hai| dUsare dravya bhI nijanija svabhAva ke anusAra jIva kA upakAra karate hai| hamane pudgala ke pAriNAmika phalAta niyamo kA varNana paribhApA meM nahI kiyA hai kyoki pudgala ke pariNamana karane ke niyama "vandhe

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala sAmAdhiko pAriNAmikau ca " / ( tattvArtha sUtra 5 / 36 ) ke sivA anya niyama hamAre lakSya meM abhI nahI Aye hai / pariNamana se jo paudgalika vicitratA utpanna hotI hai usake niyama jarUra hone cAhie~, kyoki jaina kA jagat suniyaMtrita hai, vizvakhalita ( choas ) rUpa nahI / Adhunika vijJAna ko bhI pAriNAmika kalAto ke niyama upalabdha nahI hue haiN| udAharaNa --- oNksIjana tathA hAIDrojana gaiso ke vanva ko prApta hone se phalAnta pariNAma pAnI hotA hai / oNksIjana tathA hAIDrojana kI prAparaTIja (guNa) phalAnta pAnI kI prAparTIja (guNo ) se vilkula bhinna hai / vanvana prApta hokara pUrva guNo se vicitra - vibhinna guNoM meM yaha pariNamana kina niyamo se hotA hai, isa prazna kA uttara abhI taka hamAre lakSya meM jaina - zAstro meM nahI AyA hai tathA prAdhunika-vijJAna ko bhI isa phalAnta pariNamana ke niyama nahI mile hai | 40

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tRtIya adhyAya pudgala ke bheda-vibheda pudgala ananta hai| aneka apekSAoM meM bhI pudgala ananta hai| dravyata pudgala ananta hai| garva pudgala pravya dega ge ananta hai| kSetra deza ge bhI, mAla deza ro bhI, bhAva dega ro bhI gava pudgata ananta hai| iga dravyAthaM ge ananta pudgala ke bheda bhI ananta hai| yaha ananta pudgala jAti-apekSA ge ananta prakAra ke hai| yaha ananta pudgata bhAvArtha se bhI ananta prakAra ke hai| yaha ananta pudgala paryAyArtha meM bhI anantAnanta prakAra ko hai payoki paryAya anannAnanta hai| anekAntavAdI jaina gina-bhinna apekSAyI ge 1-cavyAno Na poggalatyikAe aNatAi dayAha / -bhagayatIsUma 2:10:57 2-dathya seNa savye poggalA sapaesA vi appAesA ci, aNatA; khettA veseNa vi eva ceva; phAla seNa yi, bhAva deseNa yi evaM cey| -bhagavatIsUtra : 8 . 2 2-ananta bhevApi pudglaa| --rANayAtikam 5 : 25 : 3 4-jAtyAdhArAnantabheva sasUcanArtha ghayacana (aNaya. raphAndhAzca) niyte| -tattyArthasUtra 5.25 para rAjavAtiyAm TIkA paba 3 5-bhagavatIsaya 25.4:41 6-bhagavatI suma 25 : 4 : 66, prajJApanA sUtra pava 3 /

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jaina padArya-vijJAna meM pudgala ina dravyArya se ananta pudgalo kA kaI taraha se bheda karatA hai| ina aneka prakAra ke bhedo ko mAnane meM kisI prakAra se bhI paraspara virova yA vaiSamya nahIM AtA valki pudgala ke saba bhAvo kA samanvaya hI hotA hai| Adhunika pratyakSa middhavAdI vijJAna bhI bahuta dUra taka ina bhedo ko mAnatA hai| jaina-darzana kI taraha anya bhAratIya yA abhAratIya darzanI meM pudgala ke bheda-vibheda vistAra se yA kahiye sakSepa se bhI nahIM milte| jaDa padArtha (pudgala) samvanvI itanA vigada vivaraNa eva nAnA apekSAmo se usakI jAnakArI jitanI jaina-darzana meM milatI hai utanI anya kisI prAcIna yA arvAcIna darzana meM nahIM miltii| zabda, AtApa Adi ko jojanodvArA pudgala mAne gaye the aura anya darzano dvArA avamAnita the, Adhunika vijJAna ne bhI pudgala (Matter) siddha kara diyA hai| pudgala ke bhedo kA sAmAnya vizlepaNa - pudgala kA eka bheda-vyaktigata bhAva se sarva pudgala paramANu haiN| kisI dUsare pudgala ke nAya avaha avasthA meM pudgala paramANu rUpa hai / ata paramANu ke svalpa kI apekSA me pudgala kA eka hI bheda "paramANu" hotA hai| pudgala kA ekAnta bheda kevala eka paramANu hai| nizcaya naya se sarva pudgala paramANu haiN| 1-paraspareNAsayuktA prmaannv.| --tatvArya sUtra 5 - 25 ke bhASya para siddhisena gaNi ttiikaa|

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tRtIya adhyAya . pudgala ke bheda-vibheda 43 paramANu tathA skandha-paramANu-paramANu paraspara meM vanvana ko prApta hokara jina samavAya yA samudAya ko prApta hote haiM, use skanda kahate haiN| uparyukta vyaktigata paramANu tayA skanvanAmIya paramANusamavAya kI apekSA ne pudgala ke do bheda-paramANu tathA skanva hote hai| isako sakSipta bheda kahA gayA hai| samavAya rUpa meM pudgala skandha hai tayA bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM paramANu haiN| do bheda-sUkSma tathA bAdara-pudgala ke sUkSma, vAdara bheda tIna apekSA se hote haiM yadyapi phala eka hI hotA hai| eka apekSA hai indriyo dvArA sheytaa| ve pudgala jo indriyo dvArA jAne nahIM jA sakate haiM unako sUkSma pudgala kahate haiN| sarva paramANu pudgala sUkSma hI hote haiM eva indriyo dvArA ajJeya hai| skanyo meM bhI kitane hI prakAra ke skanvo kA saMgaThana (Construction)aisA hai ki indriyo dvArA ve jAne nahIM jA sakate hai / unako bhI sUkSma pudgala kahate haiN| ve pudgala skandha jo 1-samasta pudgalA eva dvividhA.-paramANava. skanvAzceti / -tattvArtha sUtra 5 . 25 kI siddhisena gaNi ttiikaa| 2-skavAstu vaDhA evetiparaspara sahatyA vyvsthitaa| tattvArya sUtra 5. 25 ke bhASya para siddhisena gaNi ttiikaa| 3-te ete pudgalA samAsato dvividhA bhavanti-aNava. skanvAzca / tattvArya sUtra 5 . 24 kA bhAgya tayA 5 * 25 sUtra / 4-egattaNa pahatteNa, khajyA ya paramANu y| -uttarAdhyayana 36 . 11

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44 jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala indriyo dvArA jJeya haiM unako vAdara pudgala kahate hai| dUsarI apekSA hai-sparzatA gunn| dvisparzI, catu sparzI tathA sUkSma pariNAmI aSTasparzI pudgala sUkSma hotA hai| avazepa aSTasparzI pudgala skandha vAdara hote hai| tIsarI apekSA pradezAtmaka hai| apradezI vA eka pradezI, do, dasa yAvat sakhyAta pradezI, asakhya pradezI, tathA sUkSmapariNAmI ananta pradezI pudgala sUkSma kahe jAte hai| anantapradezI vAdara pariNAmI pudgala skandha bAdara kahe jAte hai| kSetrapradeza avagAhanA kI apekSA se bhI sUkSma vAdara bheda kahA jA sakatA hai| nirNaya cAro apekSA se eka hI hotA hai| do bheda-prAhya tayA agrAhya--pudgala jIva ke dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai tathA pariNamAyA bhI jA sakatA hai| lekina pudgala saba avasthA meM jIva dvArA grAhya nahI hai| paramANu pudgala jIva dvArA grAhya nahI hai| dvisparzI, catu sparzI pudgala-skandha jIva dvArA anAhya hai| kevala kitanI hI prakAra kA praSTasparzI pudgala skandha jIva dvArA grAhya hai| isa jIva-prAhitA agrAhitA kI apekSA se pudgala ke grAhya tathA agrAhya do bheda kahe gaye hai| tIna bheda-(1)prayoga pariNata, (2) mizra pariNata (3)vinasA prinnt| (1) ve pudgala jinako jIvo ne grahaNa karake pariNamana 1-tivihA poggalA paNNattA-payoga pariNayA, misasA pariNayA, visasA prinnyaa| -bhagavatI sUtra 8 . 1 : 1

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tRtIya adhyAya pudgala ke bheda - vibheda 1 kiyA hai unako prayoga pariNata pudgana kahate hai / Adhunika vijJAna inako 'Organic Matter' kahanA hai / (2) ve pudgala jo jIva dvArA parimita hue haiM lekina ava jIvarahina hokara yA jIva dvArA nirjarita hokara vana parimita ho rahe haiM unakI mitra pariNata pudgana kahate haiN| jahAM pudgala meM myUna samaya kI apekSA ne jIvadvArA pariNamana tathA svakIya pariNamana (Self-transformation or modifications) eka nAtha ho rahe haiM vahA~ pudgala meM mitra pariNamana kahA jA sakatA hai| (3) ve pudgala jinameM svakIya apekSA meM pariNamana ho rahA hai yA jisake pariNamana meM kimI jIva kA mahAyya nahI hai unako vinamA pariNata pudgala (11organic matter) kahate haiM / pudgala ke cAra naMda-skandha, deza, pradeza aura paramANu yudgala ke paramANu tayA skatva do neda batAye gaye hai | yahA~ skanva ke tIna vibheda (kanva-deza-pradeza) karane tathA paramANu ko milAkara cAra neTa kahe gaye haiM / (1) paramAgrI ke baddhasamavAya arthAt vandhana prApta samudAya ko svandha kahate hai / (2) kanva kA vaha bhAga jo phira se vibhAjita kiyA jA sake usako dena kahate haiN| ana hipradezI se ananta pradezI svatva vibhAga kI deza kahane hai / (3) jitane paramANuoM kA vanva hokara skanya vanA ho 1 - je strI te carantrihA paNNattA-khandha, khanvademA, khandhapaesA, paramANu yoggalA / -bhagavatI sUtra 2.10 : 66

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46 jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala usa skandha ke utane pradeza hai / skandhavaddha hote hue bhI jo paramANu pramANa nirvibhAjya skandha kA vibhAga hai, usako pradeza kahate hai / avibhAjya pudgala ko paramANu kahate hai / skandha, deza, pradeza, paramANu ko sthUla bhAva se isa prakAra bhI batalAyA jAtA hai / sarvAMza meM pUrNa paramANuzrI ke vaddha samudAya ko skandha kahate haiM / usa skandha ke prAghe bhAga ko deza kahate hai / usase Adhe bhAga ko pradeza kahate hai / pravibhAgI bhAga ko paramANu kahate hai / pudgala ke 6 bheda --- sUkSma sUkSma, sUkSma, sUkSma vAdara, vAdara sUkSma, bAdara aura vAdara vAdara' / (ga) me pudgala ke sUkSma vAdara ye do bheda kahe gaye hai | yahA~ ina do bhedo kA vizleSaNa kara 6 bheda kahe gaye hai / (1) sUkSmAt sUkSma-paramANu ( ultimate atom ) ko sUkSma sUkSma kahA gayA hai kyoki prathamata yaha antya sUkSma hai --- isase sUkSma aura koI pudgala nahI hai / dvitIyata isako pratyakSa se paramAvadhijJAnI tathA kevalajJAnI hI jAna sakate hai / anya jIva kAryaliMga kI apekSA anumAna se jAna sakate hai / (2) una sUkSma pudgala skandho ko jo atIndriya (ultrasensual matters ) hai sUkSma kahate hai / (3) sUkSma-vAdara netra ko chor3akara cAra indriyo ke vipayabhUta pudgala skandha ko (ultravisible but intrasensual - 1- vAdara bAdara, bAdara, bAdarahama ca suhumathUla ca / suma ca suhumasuma ca dharAdiya hodi chanbheya // -gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAyA 602 /

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48 jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala rasa ko mukhya tathA anyo ko / gauNa mAnakara 5 (5+2+5+5)= 100 bhed| gandha ko mukhya tathA anyo ko gINa mAnakara 2 (5+5+ +5)== 46 bheda / sparza ko mukhya tathA anyo jo gauNa mAnakara 8 (5+5+2+6+5)=184 bheda / sasthAna ko mukhya tathA anyo ko gauNa mAnakara 5 (5+5+2+8)=100 bheda / ___ kula 530 bhed| ye bheda "paristhUra" nyAya kI apekSA se vatAye gaye haiN| jAti apekSA se ananta bheda'--jAti apekSA se paramANu pudgala tathA skandha pudgala dono ke ananta bheda hote haiN| paramANu mava eka hI prakAra ke nahIM hote| varNa, rasa, gandha, sparza ke saba upabheda eka paramANu meM nahIM hote| eka paramANu meM koI eka varNa, koI eka rasa, koI eka ganva tathA (uSNazIta, snigdha-rukSa meM se) koI do avirodhI sparza hote haiN| jina paramANupro me eka hI taraha kA varNa, rasa, gandha tathA do sparza ho una paramANu pudgalo ko eka jAti kA kheNge| isa prakAra varNa, rasa, ganva, sparza ke upabhedo ke sambhAvya mayogo (Combinations) ke kAraNa paramANu bhinna-bhinna jAti ke hote hai| isI 1-rAjavAtikam 5 : 25 * 3

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tRtIya adhyAya pudgala ke bheda-vibheda 46 prakAra skandha pudgala bhI taraha-taraha kI jAti ke hote hai| 'tattvArtha sUtra ke 5225 "praNava skandhAzca" sUtra para TIkA karate hue rAjavAtika praNatA ne likhA hai-"ubhayAtra jAtyApekSa bahuvacanaM-- ananta bhedA api pudgalA aNujAtyA skndhnaatyaa"| "aNava", "skanyA" ina bahuvacanAtmaka zabdo kA vyavahAra isa sUtra meM jAti-apekSA se kiyA gayA hai| aNu-jAtiyo, skandha-jAtiyo kI apekSA pudgala ananta bhedavAle hote hai| unhone Age likhA hai--"vaividhyamApadyamAnA sarve gRhyata iti tadajAtyAvAnantabhedasasUcanArtha bahuvacana kriyte"| aNu tathA skandha ina do bhedo meM sabhI pudgala grahaNa ho jAte haiM, lekina ina do bhedo kI jAtiyoM ke AdhAra para ananta bhedo ko batalAne ke lie hI masUcanArtha hI uparokta tattvArthasUtra meM bahuvacano kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| bhAvaguNAza se ananta bheda-pudgala ke varNa, rasa, ganva, sparza dharmoM meM zAktika tAratamyatA hotI hai| jaise kAle varNavAle pudgalo meM kAlApana sava meM samAna nahI hotA hai| koI eka guNa kAlA hotA hai (eka guNakAlA mAne sava se halkA kAlApana, jisase halakA kAlApana phira nahIM ho sakatA hai-avibhAgapraticchedI kaalaapn)| yaha kAlApana, aikika (Untary) hotA hai| koI doguNa kAlA hotA hai| koI dasaguNa kAlA hotA hai| koI sakhyAtguNa kAlA, koI asakhyAtguNa kAlA, koI anantaguNa kAlA ho sakatA hai| yaha guNo kI tAratamyatA paramANuo tathA skandho dono meM hotI hai| isa

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala - prakAra pratyeka varNa - kAlA, nIlA, lAla, pIlA, sapheda ke guNAzo kI tAratamyatA kI apekSA pudgala ke grananta bheda hote haiM / isI prakAra gandha, rasa, sparza ke guNAzI kI tAratamyatA kI apekSA pudgala ke ananta ananta bheda hote haiM / paryAya apekSA se ananta bheda--pudgala pariNAmI hai| saghAtabheda ke nimitta vandha-bheda ko prApta hokara pudgala varNa, rasa, gandha, sparza, sasthAna meM pariNamana karatA hai tathA isa prakAra ananta vyajana paryAyo ko dhAraNa karatA hai / ina ananta paryAyoM kI apekSA pudgala ke grananta bheda jaise zabda, zrAtapa, udyona, andhakAra, pAnI, pRthvI, vAdala Adi hote haiM |

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caturtha adhyAya paramANu-pudgala paramANu - parama zraNu arthAt saba se choTA aNu / jisakA vibhAga nahI ho sake vA jisase choTA aura koI nahI ho vahI paramANu kahalAtA hai / paramANu cAra taraha kA kahA gayA hai' / kSetra (1) dravya - paramANu - "pudgala paramANu" / ( 2 ) paramANu - "zrAkAza-pradeza / " kAla-paramANu - "samaya" / (4) bhAva-paramANu - "guNa" / (3) bhAva paramANu cAra taraha kA kahA gayA hai varNaguNa, gandha guNa, rasaguNa aura sparzaguNa / isake upabheda 16 haiM" (1) eka guNa kAlA, (2) eka guNa nolA, (3) eka guNa lAla, (4) eka guNa pIlA, (5) eka guNa sapheda, (6) eka guNa sugandha, (7) eka guNa durgandha, (5) eka guNa khaTTA, (6) eka guNa mIThA, (10) eka guNa kaDavA, (11) eka 1 - cauvihe paramANu paNNatte-tajahA- davva paramANu, khetta paramANU, kAla paramANU, bhAva paramANU / -bhagavatIsUtra 205. 12 2- bhagavatIsUtra 20 5. 3- bhagavatIsUtra 20 5 16 1

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala 52 guNa kapAya, (12) eka guNa tIkhA, (13) eka guNa uSNa, (14) eka guNa zItala, (15) eka guNa rUkSa aura (16) eka guNa snigdha / kAraNa aNu aura ananta aNu I dravya paramANu ko sAmAnya rUpa se "paramANu pudgala" yA sakSepa meM "paramANu" kahA jAtA hai / sarva pudgala nizcayanaya se ( From definite aspect ) paramANu haiM / lekina paramANu pudgala sadA paramANu rUpa meM nahI rahatA hai| apane galana - milana ke svAbhAvika dharma ke anusAra dUsare paramANu yA paramANutro ke sAtha, jIva ke vyApAra se (prAyogika) yA vinA jIva ke vyApAra se (vaisrasika) - kitane hI niyamo ke anuvartI jo bandha hotA hai usase utpanna svarUpa ko skandha kahate haiM / isa skandha meM vRddha kabhI 'bhedAt' kiMvA 'saghAt bhedAt ' -- niyama phira nija nija paramANu svarUpa ho sakatA hai / nija-nija ke paramANuo kA dala dhanuvartI hokaravandhana - apekSA se paramANu pudgalo ko "kAraNa zraNu" tathA bheda-prapekSA se " zrananta zraNu" ( Ultimate Particle) kahA jA sakatA hai / paramANu pudgala kI paribhASA kisI pravINa zrAcArya ne "paramANu pudgala" kI anupama sakSipta paribhASA isa prakAra padavaddha kI hai| -

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caturtha adhyAya paramANu-pudgala 53 "kAraNameva tadantya sUkSmo nityazca bhavati paramANu / ekarama ganvavarNoM dvimparya kAliMgazca // " ina pada ko gvetAmbara-digAmbara-dono mato ke AcAryoM ne uddhRta kiyA hai tathA isa para TIkAeM kI hai| isa pada ke anusAra paramANu pudgala (1) "kAraNa hai" arthAt skandha pudgalo ke banane kA kAraNa yA nimitta hai| (2) "antya hai" yarthAt skandha pudgalo kA bheda karate-karate anta meM paramANu nikalatA hai| (3) "sUkSma hai" arthAt-carama kSudra hai| (4) "nitya hai" arthAt-paramANu kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA hai| skandha spa pariNamana hokara bhI isakA vyaktitva (Indviduality) naSTa nahIM hotA hai| (5) "eka rana gandha varNa vAlA hai" arthAt-paramANu ke pA~ca gmo meM se koI eka hI gma hotA hai, do ganyo meM se eka hI ganca hotA hai aura pAMca varSoM meM me koI eka varNa hotA hai| - 1-tatvArya para siddhisena gaNi TIkA 5 25 / tattvArya rAja vArtikam 5 25 15 2-bhagavatIsUtra 14 45 3-bhagavatIsUtra 18 6 5

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54 jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala (6) "dvisparzI hai" arthAt-rUkSa, snigya, zIta aura upNa ---ina cAra sparzoM meM se paramANu me koI do avirodhI sparza hote hai / paramANu yA to rUkSa-zIta, yA rukSa uSNa, yA snigdha-gIta yA snigdha-upNa hotA hai| (7) "kAryaliMga hai"| paramANu ke sAmUhika kAryoM ko dekhakara hI isakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| paramANu ke dharmoM kA bhI skandha pudgalo ke mUla dharmoM ko dekhakara anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| sAdhAraNa jJAna vAle jIva ke lie "paramANu pudgala" usake kAryoM se hI anumeya hai| kevala jJAnI tathA paramAvadhi-jJAnI hI isako bhAva se jAnate va dekhate hai| paramANu pudgala ke guNa "paramANu pudgala" avibhAjya, achedya, abhedya, aura adAhya hai| kisI bhI upAya, upacAra yA upAdhi se paramANu kA bhAga nahI ho sakatA hai| vajra paTala se bhI paramANu kA vibhAga yA bhAga nahIM ho sakatA hai| kisI zastra setIkSNAtitIkSNa se bhI isakA 1-bhagavatIsUtra 18 6 5 2-bhagavatIsUtra 18 8 7 3-bhagavatIsUtra 18 *8 11 tayA 12 4-bhagavatIsUtra 20 5. 12

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caturtha adhyAya paramANu-pudgala 55 kramaNa yA bhAga nahIM ho sakatA hai| paramANu talavAra kI dhAra yA unase bhI tIkSNa dhAravAle gastra kI dhAra para raha sakatA hai| nalavAra yA kSura kI tIkSNa dhAra para rahe hue paramANu-pudgala yA Tedanabhedana nahIM ho sastA hai yA kiyA jA sakatA hai| paramANu pudgala agnikAya ke bIca meM pravega karake jalatA nahIM hai| puSkara marata mahAmegha ke bIca meM pravega para bhIgatA yA Adra nahIM hotA hai| gagA mahAnadI ke pratiyota meM mItratA se praveza kara naSTa nahIM hotA hai| udaka vana yA udava vindu meM prAthaya lekara vilopa nahIM hotA hai| "paramANu pudgala" anaya hai, amatrya hai, apradezI hai, nAvaM nahI hai, namavya nahIM hai, sapradegI nahIM hai| paramANu pudgala kA zrAdi bhI nahIM hai, anna bhI nahIM hai, madhya bhI nahIM hai| yaha mUkSmAtimUkSma hai| paramANu ko na lambAI hai, na cauTAI hai, na gahagaI hai, yadi hai to ikAI rapa hai| yaha mANDalika vindu (Spherical point) kahA jA sakatA hai| paramANu nirAgI hai| yaha sUkSmatA ke kAraNa svaya Adi, svaya madhya, svaya hI anta hai| 1-bhagavatIsUtra 5 * 7 6 2-bhagavatIsUtra 5 7 6 3-bhagavatIsUtra 5 7 8 4-bhagavatIsUna 5 7 6 5-sokSamyAdAtyAdayaH prAtmamadhyA prAtmAtAzca / -rAjavAtikam 5:25 1

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala anya eka prAcArya ne kahA hai "pratAdi atamajyA atate peva indiegejyaa| ja dava pravibhAgI ta paramANu viNNANAdi / / jisakA Adi madhya anta sava eka hI hai, jo indriya-grAhya nahI hai, jo avibhAgI hai, aise dravya ko paramANu jaano| pudagala paribhASA kI kasauTI para (1) paramANu pudgala dravya hai| isakA nAma hI dravya paramANu hai| (1ka) yaha nitya tathA avasthita hai kyoki yaha skandha rUpa pariNamana karake bhI apane vyaktitva tathA svajAti ko parityAga nahI karatA hai| yaha "Law of Conservation of mass" ko pAlana karatA hai kyoki koI bhI paramANu naSTa yA vilopa nahI hotA hai tathA na koI nayA paramANu pudgala loka meM udbhava hotA hai| jitane paramANu the, utane hI hai, utane hI rheNge| (2) yaha ajIva hai| jIvatva ke lakSaNa-guNa isame nahI hai| (3) isakA astitva hai| paramANu pudgala kA astitva anumeya hai| (4) paramANu kAya nhii| vaha kAyarahita (Massless) hai kyoki yaha aikika (Unitary)hai| lekina dUsareparamANu

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caturtha adhyAya paramANu-pudgala 57 ke sAtha vanya ko prApta hokara kAyatva grahaNa kara sakatA hai| ata paramANu pudgala ko upacAra se kAya vAlA kahA jA sakatA hai| (5) paramANu pudgala meM sparza, rasa, gandha tathA varNa cAro hI hote haiN| lekina yaha sasthAna-rahita hai| isake AkAra ko mANDalika vindu (Sphencal point) mAtra kahA jA sakatA hai| isakI lamvAI, cauDAI va gaharAI kucha nahI hai| dvi-kSetra prAdezika vanvana se hI sasthAna (isa dazA me AyAta) prArambha hotA hai| 6) paramANu pudgala kriyA karane meM samartha hai| yaha dezAntara prApiNI kriyA tathA anyAnya kriyA kara sakatA hai| lekina paramANu pudgala kI kriyAyeM aniyata (Uncertain) haiN| (7) paramANu pudgala svaya na galatA hai, na bhinna hI hotA hai, na vikharatA hai aura na galana hokara, bhinna hokara, vikhara kara pUraNa hotA hai, milatA hai| lekina dUsare paramANu yA paramANuo ke sAtha milakara-samavAya ko prApta hokara-phira bhinna hotA hai, usa skandhatva ko choDakara alaga hotA hai| paramANu pudgala AtmabhUta rUpa me galana-milanakArI nahIM hai lekina paramANuo kA dala vandhana-bheda ko prApta hotA hai| ata samavAya rUpa meM galana-milanakArI hai|

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58 jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala (8) paramANu pudgala pariNAmI hai| agurulaghu-bhAva meM yaha svaya pariNAmI hai| yaha agurulaghu pariNamana paramANu pudgala ke varNa , rasa, gandha, sparza ke guNAzo meM hotA hai| eka paramANu pudgala dUsare paramANu pudgala ke sAtha vandhana ko prApta hokara pichale paramANu ke dvArA pariNamita kiyA jA sakatA hai| (9) paramANu ananta hai| (10) paramANu kI gati prati capala' hone para bhI yaha Aloka meM jAne meM asamartha hai| loka meM sarvatra isakI gati hai tathA loka meM yaha sarvatra hai| ata paramANu pudgala loka-pramANa kahA jAtA hai| / (11) paramANu pudgala jIva dvArA grahaNa nahI kiyA jA sakatA hai' kyoki yaha atisUkSma hai| ata AtmabhUta avasthA meM paramANu pudgala jIva kA koI bhI upakAra nahIM karatA hai aura na jIva ke pariyoga meM AtA hai| 1-bhagavatIsUtra 25 * 4 38 2-eka samayA lokAnta prApiNa / --bhagavatIsUtra 1 3-bhagavatIsatra 20 5 13 kA 4 // 4-bhagavatIsUtra 18 4 6 6 8 -

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paMcama adhyAya vibhinna apekSAoM se paramANu pudgala nAma-apekSA-paramANu-pudgana ko kevala "paramANu" yA "dravya paramANu" bhI kahA jAtA hai| dravya-apekSA paranA-zudgala "dravya" hai, kyoki paramANu pudgala ke gRNa tathA paryAya donoM hote haiN| kSetra apekSA-paramANa-pudagala aloka kSetra meM nahIM hai aura na jA sakatA hai| loka kSetra meM navaMtra hai| svayaM vyakti bhAva ne (Individually) ekkSetra pradeza meM hai| vyaktigata vaha ekatra pradeza hI rokatA hai, do yA adhika kSetrapradeza nahIM roka sakatA hai| ekakSetra pradeza meM dUsare paramANu-pudgalI ke sAtha milakara bhI raha sastA hai| mAla-apekSA-paramANu-pudagala trikAlavartI hai| ananta mRtakAla meM thA, vartamAnakAla meM bhI hai, tathA anAgata bhavipyatakAla meM rhegaa| bhAva-apekSA paramANa-sudgala meM varNa, rana, gandha, tathA spA hote haiN| varNa, rasa, gandha, tayA sparga yaha cAro paramANa-pudagala ke mAtra kahe gaye haiN| nityAnitya-apekSA-paramANu-pudgala nitya hai, anitya nahIM hai|

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala yaha napTa vinaSTa nahIM hotaa| jitane paramANa-pudugala hai, utane hI rahege, unameM se eka bhI, kisI bhI kAraNa se, kama nahIM hogA aura na kimIke dvArA naSTa ho skegaa| ve jitane haiM, utane hI rheNge| avasthita-apekSA--koI navIna paramANu-pudgala na svata banegA, na kisIke banAye bnegaa| jitane paramANa-pudgala hai, usa sakhyA meM eka bhI vRddhi, kisI bhI kAraNa se, nahI hogii| bhUtakAla meM bhI koI nayA paramANu nahI banA thA, vartamAnakAla meM bhI koI nayA paramANu nahI banatA hai aura na bhaviSyat kAla meM koI nayA paramANu vana skegaa| asti-apekSA-paramANu-pudgala "utpAdavyaya dhrauvyayukta sat" isa niyama kA pratipAlaka hai, ataeva sat-asti hai| kevala kalpanA nahIM hai| paramANu-pudgala vidyamAna hai| rUpa-apekSA--paramANu-pudgala rUpI hai, arUpI nahIM hai, kyoki isameM varNa, rasa, gandha tathA sparza ke bhAva hote hai tathA anya paramANu ke sAtha bandhana ko prApta hokara vaha sasthAna bhAva bhI grahaNa kara sakatA hai / varNa, rasa, gandha, sparza aura saMsthAna se hI rUpa prasphuTita hotA hai| ____ AkAra-apekSA-paramANu-pudgala AkArarahita hai, lekina nirAkAra va arupI nahI hai| yaha mAtra mANDalika vindu hI kahA jA sakatA hai| 6 sasthAno meM, paramANu-pudgala kA koI bhI sasthAna nahI hotA hai| parantu anya paramANu yA paramANu ke sAtha saghavata hokara AkAra kA utpAdaka hai| do paramANu milakara Ayata AkAra dhAraNa kara sakate hai|

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pacama adhyAya .vibhinna apekSAmo se paramANu padagala 61 pariNAma-apekSA-paramANu-pudgala pariNAmI hai| varNa, rasa, gandha, tayA sparma ke bhAvoM meM pariNAmI hai| paramANu-pudgala meM kevala cAra varNa, rasa, ganva, sparza ke pariNAma hote hai| masthAna kA pariNamana paramANu kI vyaktigata svatantra avasthA meM nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki yaha AkArarahita hai tathA vyaktigata avasthA meM koI prAkAra grahaNa nahIM karatA hai| vyaktigata avasthA meM paramANapudgala bhAvAM ke guNo kI vRddhi hAni-rUpa pariNamana karatA hai, lekni anya paramANa ke mAya bandhana ko prApta hokara bhAvo ke tpabhedo meM bhI pariNamana karatA hai| sva avamyA meM paramANu meM kvala vinnamA pariNamana hI hotA hai| aguru-laghu-apekSA-(ka) paramANu-yudgala kAya apekSA agurulaghu hai| piNDahIna tathA pradegahIna hai| isane ladhu yAnI choTA yA halkA aura koI nahIM hai| yaha agara arthAta kimI se vaDA yA bhArI nahIM hai| (ba) paramANu-pudgala bhAva-apanA apane bhAva-guNo meM vyaktigata avasyA meM aguru-laghu hai arthAt inake bhAva-guNo kI zaktiyoM meM paT pariNAma meM hAni-vRddhi hotI hai| paramANu-pudgala akelA rahakara bhI apane bhAva-guNoM meM paT pariNAma se pariNamana karatA hai| udAharaNa-eka paramANu pudgala eka-guNa kAlA hai| vaha apane aguru-laghu guNa me ananta guNa kAlA ho sakatA hai tathA 1-bhagavatIsUtra 8 . 10 4

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pacama adhyAya vibhinna apekSAoM se paramANu pudgala 63 paramANu-pudgala meM nahIM raha sakatA hai, ata paramANu-pudgala sacitta nahIM ho sakatA hai| lekina jIva aura paramANu-mudgala ekakSetra pradeza meM eka sAtha raha sakate haiN| zrAtmA-apekSA-paramANu-pudgala ke prAtmA hotI hai| isa 'AtmA' zabda kA artha jIvAtmA nahIM hai| paramANu kA apanA nija kA eka vyaktitva hotA hai| isI vyaktitva ko yahA~ AtmA kahA gayA hai| yaha vyaktitva paramANu-pudgala ke bhAvo meM prasphuTita hotA hai| kahA jA sakatA hai ki paramANu-pudgala kA nija kA svatantra svabhAva hotA hai, jo kisI dUsare paramANu-pudgala se bhinna hotA hai| paramANu-pudgala eka AtmA hai| pradeza-apekSA-paramANu-pudgala dravyadeza se apradezI hai| ata kSetradeza se vaha niyama se apradezI hai, kAla deza me syAt apradezI hai, syAt sapradezI hai, bhAva-deza se bhI syAt apradezI hai, syAt sapradezI hai| kSetrapradeza-apekSA-paramANu-pudgala kSetrapradeza apekSA apradezI hai arthAt eka hI kSetrapradeza ko rokatA hai| vyaktigata avasthA meM to eka kSetrapradeza rokatA hai tathA dUsare paramANu ke sAtha saghavaddha hokara bhI svaya eka hI kSetrapradeza rokatA hai, lekina samIpa ke dUsare 1-bhagavatIsUtra 12 10 16 2-bhagavatIsUtra 5 7 * 6 3-bhagavatIsUtra 5 * 8 2

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64 jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala kSetra-pradeza meM sthita paramANu ke sAtha vandhana prApta hokara raha sakatA hai| skandha meM vaddha paramANu bhI svaya eka hI kSetrapradeza rokatA hai, eka se adhika nahIM roka sakatA hai| kSetra avasthAna meM sagI--jahA~ eka paramANu pudgala hai, vahA~ dharmAstikAya kA eka pradeza hai, adharmAstikAya kA eka pradeza hai, AkAza kA eka pradeza hai| jIva ke ananta pradeza ho sakate hai,pudgalAstikAya ke bhI ananta pradeza ho sakate hai , addhA samaya kA syAt avagAha hotA hai, syAt nhii| yadi syAt avagAha ho to ananta zraddhA samaya kA avagAha hotA hai| jeyatva-apekSA--paramANu-pudgala ko chadmastha manuSyo meM koI jAnatA hai, dekhatA nahIM hai, koI jAnatA bhI nahIM hai, dekhatA bhI nahI hai| chamastha manuSya paramANu ko dekha nahI sktaa| avadhijJAnI jIvo meM koI jAnatA hai, dekhatA nahI hai, koI jAnatA bhI nahI hai, dekhatA bhI nahI hai| avadhijJAnI jIva bhI paramANu-pudgala ko dekha nahI sakatA hai| paramAvadhi jJAnI tathA kevalajJAnI jIva paramANu-pudgala ko jAnatA bhI hai, dekhatA bhI hai, lekina jisa samaya jAnatA hai usa samaya dekhatA nahI, jisa samaya dekhatA hai usa samaya jAnatA nahIM hai| paramANu-pudgala ati sUkSma hai, sAdhAraNa jIva ke lie anumeya kahA gayA hai| varNa-apekSA-paramANu pudgala meM pA~ca vargoM meM (lAla, pIlA, 1-bhagavatIsUtra 18 8 *7 aura 10, 11, 12

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala 66 paramANutro ke sAtha bandhana hone se sugandha vAlA durgandha meM, durgandha vAlA sugandha meM pariNamana kara sakatA hai / vandhana bheda se bheda hone para apanI svAbhAvika gandha meM pariNamana kara letA hai / vandhana avasthA meM paramANu kI svAbhAvika gandha kA vinAza yA vilopa nahI hotA hai / sparza-pekSA- paramANu-pudgala meM uSNa, zIta, rUkSa, tathA snigdhaina cAra sparzo meM se koI do avirovI sparza hote hai / zrata. paramANu-pudgala yA to (1) uSNa- rUkSa, yA (2) uSNasnigdha, yA (3) zIta-rUkSa yA (4) zIta-snigdha hogA / paramANupudgala meM halakA- bhArI sparza nahI hotA, kyoki yaha aguru-laghu hotA hai aura na paramANu- pudgala meM kaThora narama sparza hotA hai, kyoki ye dono sthUla skandha meM hI sambhava hai / uSNa, zIta, rUkSa, tathA snigdha kI zakti eka guNa se zranantaguNa taka kI ho sakatI hai| jAti-apekSA -- paramANu- pudgalo kI, bhAvaguNo kI vibhinnatA ke kAraNa, aneka jAtiyA~ hotI hai / 5x5x2x4200 mUla jAtiyA~ hogI tathA bhAvaguNo ke zakti- guNo kI tAratamyatA se anantAnanta jAti bheda hoge| pahalA udAharaNa -- eka paramANupudgala kAlA hai, sugandhavAlA hai, mIThA hai, uSNa tathA rUkSa hai / dUsarA paramANu-pudgala lAla hai, lekina avazepa UparavAle paramANu kI taraha hai / pahale paramANu jaise bhAva guNavAle aneka paramANu 1 - tattvArtha rAjavattikam /

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68 jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala kalpanA bhI nahI ho sktii| paramANu-pudgala do pradezI pudgalaskandha ko 7veM yA haveM bhAge se sparza karatA hai| paramANu-pudgala tIna pradezIya pudgala-skandha ko 73, 8ve yA haveM bhAge se sparza karatA hai| jisa prakAra tIna pradezIya skandha ko sparNa karatA hai, umI prakAra 4, 5, yAvat ananta-pradezIya skanva ko usI 7veM, yA veM niyama se sparza karatA hai| dravya-sparzatA-apekSA---eka paramANu-pudgala ko anya dravyo ke kitane pradeza sparza kara sakate hai, yA yo kahiye, paramANu pudgala anya dravyo ke kitane pradezo ko sparza kara sakatA hai? eka paramANupudgala adharmAstikAya ke jaghanya pada me 4 tathA utkRSTa pada meM 7 pradezo ko sparza karatA hai| arthAta-eka paramANu-pudgala jisa kSetra-pradeza meM hai, vahAM adharmAstikAya kA eka pradeza hotA hai tathA eka paramANu-pudgala ke 6 tarapha (pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa, Urdhva tathA aghodizAo meM) 6 adharmAstikAya ke pradeza ho sakate hai| ata paramANu-pudgala utkRSTa meM adharmAstikAya ke 7 pradezo ko sparza kara sakatA hai| lekina lokAkAza ke kone meM paramANupudgala ke tIna hI tarapha adharmAstikAya ke pradeza ho sakate haiM, isalie jaghanya meM paramANu-pudgala ko adharmAstikAya ke cAra pradeza sparza kara sakate hai| eka kSetra-pradeza meM sAtha meM avagAha karanevAle adharmAstikAya ke pradeza ko paramANu-pudgala uparyukta haveM bhAge 11-bhagavatIsUtra 5 7 13

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pacama adhyAya vibhinna apekSAlo se paramANu pudgala 66 se sparza karatA hai| lekina apane 6 tarapha 6 dizAo meM avasthita avarmAstikAya ke pradezo ko kisa bhAge se sparza karatA hai, yaha ThIka mamajha meM nahIM aataa| eka kSetra-pradeza tathA anya kSetra-pradeza ke madhya meM koI khAlIpana yA phAMka yA antara nahI hotA hai| isalie salagna meM avasthita do vinduno meM jo sparza hotA hai, vahI sparza malagna avasthita adharmAstikAya ke pradeza ke sAtha paramANu-pudgala kA honA caahie| nirAzI meM praza yA deza kI kalpanA karanA vyartha hai| isI taraha paramANu-pudgala dharmAstikAya ke jaghanya pada meM 4 tathA utkRSTa pada meM 7 pradezo ko sparza karatA hai| vaha prAkAgAstikAya ke jaghanya yA utkRSTa dono me 7 hI pradezo ko sparza karatA hai, kyoki AkAzAstikAya sarvatra hai| vaha jIvAstikAya ke ananta pradezo ko sparza karatA hai, kyoki eka kSetra-pradeza meM jIvAstikAya ke ananta pradeza avagAhana kara sakate hai| yadi paramANu-pudgala zraddhA samaya ke mAtha sparza kare, to ananta addhA samaya ke sAtha sparza karatA hai| krima tathA gati-apekSA--paramANu-pudgala kriyAvAn hai tathA gatizIla hai| marvadA hI kriyAvAna yA gatizIla hai, aisI vAta nahI hai| kabhI kriyA karatA hai, kabhI nahI bhI krtaa| isakI 1-bhagavatIsUtra 13 4 23 2-bhagavatIsUtra 13 4 36 3-bhagavatIsUtra 5 7 1

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jaina padArya-vijJAna meM pudgala kriyAyeM Akasmika hotI hai| paramANu-pudgala kI kriyAyeM aneka prakAra kI hotI hai| bhagavatI sUtra 571 me "kabhI kampana karatA hai, kabhI vividha kampana karatA hai" pada ke vAda yAvat pariNamana (kriyA) karatA hai, isa prakAra likhA hai (siya eyati siya veyati jAva prinnmti)|"jaav" zabda ke vyavahAra se spaSTa hai ki paramANupudgala "eyati" "veyati" ke sivA anya kriyAe~ bhI karatA hai| kriyAmo ke bheda sUtro meM vistAra se nahIM milate hai| TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUrine bhI "kriyA" ke bhedo ko khoja kara sagraha karane ko kahA hai-(bhagavatI 313 kI ttiikaa)| paramANu-pudgala eka kSetra pradeza meM jAne kI dezAntaragAmI kriyA bhI kara sakatA hai| paramANu-pudgala kampana-kriyA karate-karate dezAntaragAmI kriyA bhI kara sakatA hai| dezAntaragAmI kriyA kampana Adi anya kriyAyo ke tAya ho sakatI hai| aba prazna uThatA hai ki eka hI kSetrapradeza meM avagAhana karatA huA paramANu-pudgala kaisI kampana-kriyA kara sakatA hai| pracalita meM kampana zabda kA jo artha liyA jAtA hai, vaha artha dhUjanA yahA~ kAmya nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoki usame kSetrapradeza se calana hotA hai| ata eka kSetra-pradeza meM hI rahate hue paramANu-pudgala Avartana-kriyA hI kara sakatA hai, lekina yaha Avartana dhurIhIna honA cAhie, kyoki paramANu me dhurI kI kalpanA nahIM 1-bhagavatIsUtra 5 . 7 para abhayaveva sUri ttiikaa| 2-bhagavatIsUtra 5 : 7 * 17

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pacama adhyAya vibhinna apekSAno se paramANu pudagala 71 ho maktI hai| "padravyamparmatA" meM paramANu-yudgala kI dizAyeM nyApita kI gayI hai, kyA umI taraha dhurI kI sthApanA kI jA sakatI hai| ina viSaya meM vigepa loja kI pAvazyakatA hai| paramANu mudgala kI kampana Adi kriyA mamita (namiya) nayA aniyamita bhI ho sakatI hai| yahA~ yaha niyamitatA yA aniyamitatA kSepa-namaya mApesa hai| paramANu-pudgala meM niNyA yA gati mvata (vinamA) ho maktI hai ayavA anya paramANu-pudgala yA vanya-pudgala ke mayoga meM ho mAtI hai| eka pudgala meM dUsare pudgala ke mayoga-prayoga ne jina gnyiA eva gati kI utpatti hotI hai, use vinamA kta hai / jIva ke nimina meM jInivAAra gati pRdgana meM honI hai, une prAyogira prinyA va gati kahate hai| lekina paramANu-pudgala meM jIva ke nimitta se koI kiyA aura gati nahIM ho sakatI, kyoki paramANu-pudgala jIva dvArA grahaNa nahIM diyA jA maktA nayA pudgala ko grahaNa kyei vinA pudga meM pariNamana karAne kI zakti jIva meM nahIM hai| prata paramANa-pudgana meM jo kiyA va gati hotI hai, vaha visramA hI hotI paramANu-pudgana kI minyA aura gati kI tejI kitanI hotI hai? kampana Adi miyAnI kI cAla ke sambandha meM koI ullekha mUtrA meM abhI taka dapTigocara nahIM huA hai, lekina dezAntaragAminI niyA yAnI gati-kriyA ke sambandha meM bhagavatInUtra (16 8 7) meM kahA hai ki paramANu-pudgala loka ke pUrva caramAnta se pazcima caramAnta,

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72 jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala pazcima se pUrva canti, uttara se dakSiNa, dakSiNa se uttara, Urdhva caramAnta se AyocaramAnta taka eka samaya meM jA sakatA hai| yaha huI paramANu-pudgala kI utkRSTa gti| usakI jaghanya gati hogI eka samaya meM eka AkAza-pradeza se malagna anya AkAza-pradeza meM jaanaa| paramANu-pudgala kI gati aNu-zreNI kI hotI hai, aNu-zreNI arthAt mrl-rekhaa| eka samaya (kAla kI ikAI) meM jitanA dezAntara ho, cAhe vaha eka lokAnta se dUsare viparIta lokAnta taka kA hI kyo na ho, sarala rekhA me hI hogA (tattvArthasUtra bhaassy)| viyaha hone se, eka se adhika samaya lgegaa| vigraha para prayoga se hI hotA hai-(tattvArthasUtra 2 27 para siddhisena gaNi ttiikaa)| kriyA va gati apekSA-paramANu-pudgala kI kriyA va gati kitanI hI apekSAo se niyata hai tathA kitanI hI apekSAmo se aniyata hai| lekina mukhya rUpa se aniyata hai, isIlie tattvArtha rAjavArtikakAra ne paramANu kI gati ko aniyata kahA hai (paramANogati aniytaa)| niyata niyama(1) dezAntaragati sarala rekhA meM hogii| (2) vigraha hone se arthAt gati meM vakratA hone se anya pudgala kA prayoga Avazyaka hai| (3) paramANu kI gati meM jIva pratyakSa kAraNa nahI ho sktaa| (4) jaghanya cAla eka samaya meM eka pradeza kA dezAntara,

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pacama adhyAya vibhinna apekSAoM me paramANu pudgala 73 utkRSTa cAla, eka samaya meM eka lokAnna ne viparIta lokAnta taka kA dezAntara hai| (5) gati va kriyAnvana bhI kara sakatA hai tathA anya pudgala ke prayoga ne bhI kara sakatA hai| aniyata niyama (1) sthira - niSkiya-paramANu-pudgala kvinamaya tiva riyA Arambha karegA - yaha anizcita hai| eka mamaya meM lekara zramanyeva namaya ke bhItara kinI namaya meM bhI kiyA va gati prArambha kara sakatA hai| lekina dhamanyAt namana ke uparAnta nizcaya hI gati va kiyA prArambha karegA / Cand (2) timAnayi paramANu-pudgala kaba gati va kinA banda karegA yaha aniyana hai| eka samaya ne lekara grAvalikA ke asyAt bhAga samaya ke bhItara kinI namaya bhI kriyA va gati banda kara sakatA hai / lekina zrAvanikA ke zramakhyAt bhAga namaya ke uparAnta nizcaya hI gati va kriyA banda karegA | (3) dezAntara gati Arambha karane ne yaha kina diyA meM gati prArambha karegA, yaha aniyata hai / svata gati thAramna karane meM yaha kimI bhI dizA meM gati kara nakatA hai| para pudgala - prayoga se pati karane me kisa dizA meM gati karegA, inake niyama abhItaka hamako upalabdha nahI

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74 jana padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala hue hai| (4) gati va kriyA prArambha karane se yaha kisa prakAra kI gati va kriyA karegA yaha bhI aniyata hai| yaha kampana karegA, Avartana karegA, yA dezAntara karegA, yA kampana tathA dezAntara eka sAtha karegA yaha aniyata hai| (5) gati va kriyA Arambha karane se kitanI manda yA teja cAla se gati karegA, yaha bhI anizcita hai| eka samaya meM eka pradeza kI dezAntaravAlI cAla grahaNa karegA yA eka samaya meM lokAntaprApINi cAla grahaNa karegA yA inakI madhyavartI koI cAla grahaNa karegA, yaha bhI aniyata hai| uparyukta 5 aniyato ke sambandha me sUtro meM yA siddhAnta-grantho meM hameM koI vizada vivecana najara nahI AyA, khoja jArI hai| pratighAtI-apratighAtI apekSA-paramANu-pudgala apratighAtI hai| apratighAtI arthAt jisako koI pratihata nahI kara sakatA hai, bAdhA nahIM de sakatA hai, tathA roka nahI sakatA hai| apratighAtitva ke cAra rupaka ho sakate hai(1) dezAntara gati meM rukAvaTa na honA, (2) jahA~ anya ho, vahAM jAkara anake sAtha avasthAna kara sakanA, (3) jahA~ anya ho, vahA~ raha kara una anyo se nirapekSa

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pacama adhyAya vibhinna apekSAo se paramANu pudgala 75 kriyA kara sakanA zrIra (4) granyo ke sAtha avasthAna karate hue vahA~ meM binA kisI rukAvaTa ke dezAntara kara sakanA / paramANu-pudgala meM ye cAro rupaka sambhava hai / grata paramANupudgala apratighAtI hai| gatimAna yA kriyAvAna paramANu- pudgala kisI anya pudgala, kimI jIva, kisI anya dravya se rokA nahI jA sakatA hai| gatimAna paramANu- pudgala mavake bhItara se gati karatA huA nikala jAtA hai / jahA~ granya pudgala yA jIva yA anya dravya hai, umI zrAkAza-pradeza meM jAkara vaha zravagAha kara sakatA hai| paramANu-pudgala anyo ke sAtha zravagAha karatA huzrA, nirapekSa bhAva se kampana Adi kriyA kara sakatA hai, aisA spaSTa ullekha kahI nahI milA hai| lekina aisA honA sambhava hai / pUrNa svatantratA aura apratighAtitva paramANu- pudgala nija meM zrapratidhAtI hai tathA dUsaro ke prati bhI pratighAtI hai arthAt dUmaro ko bhI pratihata nahI karatA hai / isa prakAra paramANu- pudgala pUrNa svatantra hai, jaba jo icchA huI, so kI, use koI rokane vAlA nahI hai / lekina pUrNatA me najara lagane kA Dara rahatA hai, isalie paramANu- pudgala ne apanI svatantratA meM, apane pratighAtitva meM, tIna apavAda lagA rakhe hai arthAt tIna avasthAnI meM paramANu-pudgala ne pratihata honA svIkAra kara rakhA hai| nimnalikhita tIna avasthA meM paramANu-pudgala

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jaina padArtha-vijJAna meM pudgala pratihata hotA hai| siddhisenatatvArtha TIkA - (1) dharmAstikAya ke aloka meM nahIM hone se, upakAra ke abhAva meM, lokAnta meM jAkara paramANu-pudgala pratihata ho jAtA hai, aloka meM nahI jA sakatA hai| (2) anya paramANu-pudgala yA skandha-pudgala ke sAtha saghAta ko prApta hokara snigdhatA, rUkSatA niyamo ke anusAra una paramANu-pudgalo yA skandha-pudgala ke sAtha bandhana ko prApta hokara, pratihata hotA hai, apanI svatantratA, niyat kAla ke lie, kho detA hai| (3) visrasA pariNAma se vega se gati karate hue paramANu pudgala kA yadi kisI dUsare visramA pariNAma se vega se gati karate hue paramANu-pudgala se Ayatana sayoga ho, to vaha paramANu-pudgala nija meM bhI pratihata ho sakatA hai tathA dUsare paramANu ko bhI pratihata kara sakatA hai| aTakAvegA hI yA aTakegA hI, aisA niyama nahI mAlUma hotA hai| uparyukta pratighAto ke krama se ye tIna nAma hai-(1) upakArAbhAva-pratighAta, (2) vandhana-pariNAma-pratighAta, aura (3) gtiveg-prtighaat| pratighAto kA vivecana paramANu-pudgala kI gati me dharmAstikAya avalambanAt upakArI

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pacama adhyAya . vibhinna apekSAmo se paramANu pudgala 77 hai| paramANu-pudgala ko kriyA yA gati karane meM dharmAstikAya kA avalambana lenA hotA hai| isa avalamvana ke vinA gati va kriyA karane kI sAmarthya rahate hue bhI paramANu-pudgala gati va kriyA nahI kara sakatA hai| dharmAstikAya lokakSetra meM hI hai, alokakSetra meM nahIM hai, niSkriya tathA acala hone se loka se aloka meM nahIM jA sakatI hai| ata paramANu-pudgala paramavega kI eka samayA lokAntaprApiNI gati karate hue bhI lokAnta meM prAkara pratihata ho jAtA hai, eka jAtA hai| (2) saghAta se bandhanaprApta paramANu-pudgala anya paramANu yA paramANupro ke sAtha samavAya me rahatA hai tathA samavAya meM hI gati va kriyA karatA hai| isa prakAra apanI svatantra avasthA se pratihata hotA hai| paramANu kI yaha pratihatatA hI jagata kI dRzyamAna vicitratA kA kAraNa hai| (3) vega pratighAta ke sambandha meM vizeSa vivaraNa abhI taka kahI para najara nahIM AyA hai| isa vipaya meM nimnalikhita prazna avasthApita hote hai --- (1) pratihata hone lAyaka vega kI zakti kitanI honI cAhie? (2) kyA jaghanya vega meM pratighAta hotA hai ? (3) kyA dono paramANumo kI vega-zakti kA samAna honA Avazyaka hai? (4) kyA gati meM vigraha honA pratighAta mAnA jA sakatA hai? (5) kyA asamAna vega-zakti hone se eka paramANu pratihata hogA tathA dUsarA adhika vega-zaktivAlA gati karatA hI

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78 jaina padArtha vijJAna meM pudgala rahegA, yA dono hI gatihIna ho jAya~ge, yA dono hI gativega- hrAsa karake gati karate raheMge aura yaha gatihAsa pratighAta honA mAnA jAyagA ? (6) vega se gatimAna paramANu- pudgala Ayatana sayoga hone para chiTaka kara sayoga kSetra se dUra jAkara rukeMge yA sayogakSetra meM hI pratihata hokara raheMge / zAyada aura bhI prazna zravasthApita ho sakate hai / isa vegapratighAta se nimnokta niyama nikalatA hai " gatimAna paramANu- pudgala ko yadi gati karate hue koI vega se gatimAna paramANu- pudgala yA pudgala nahI mile, to vaha pratihata nahI hotA hai / " isa prakAra paramANu- pudgala meM pratighAtI - pratighAtI parasparavirodhI bhAvo kA honA mAnA gayA hai| Adhunika vijJAna ne bhI padArtha (Matter) meM isa prakAra ke pratighAtI apratighAtI virodhI bhAva hone mAne tathA dikhalAye hai / udAharaNa svarUpa - eksare kI kiraNeM aneka prakAra ke sthUla padArthoM se apratighAtI hai, rukatI nahI hai, lekina zIze kI moTI cAdara se pratihata ho jAtI haiM / yaha prazika tulanAtmaka udAharaNa hai / sAikloTrana yantra meM honevAlI kriyAo meM zAyada pUrNa tulanAtmaka udAharaNa mila sake / ---- -- geyhbig

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paSTama adhyAya paribhASA ke sUtra * 1 - pUraNAdgalanAdpudgala iti sajJA / 2 - pugilAnAdvA / * 3 - pudgala dravyam / (ka) guNaparyAyavad bravyam / (kha) dravyAzrayA nirguNA guNA / (ga) bhAvAntara sajJAntara ca paryAya / * (gha) sahabhAvino dharmA guNA / * (ca) kramabhAvino dharmAparyAya / 4 - nityAvasthitA ajIvA / tadudbhAvAvyayam nityam / na nyUnAdhikamavasthitam / --rAjavartakam -- tattvArthasUtra --tattvAryasUtra tattvAryasUtra bhASya --tattvArthasUtra (ka) * ( kha ) * ( ga ) anAdyanidhana ca / (gha) jIvAdanyo'jIva / --siddhisena gaNi tattvArya TIkA / (ca) jIvo na bhavatItyajIva / -- siddhisena gaNi tattvArya TIkA * jahA~ isa taraha ke sTAra cihna hai, ve sUtra lekhaka ke sva-nirmita haiN|

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80 jaina padArtha - vijJAna neM pudgala *5 -sadastikAyAzca / (ka) utpAdavyaya dhauvyayukta sat / (ca) kAlatrayAbhidhAyI prasti / - tattvArthasUtra -- prabhayadeva sUri bhagavatI TokA (ga) kAya pradezarAzaya / - - zrabhayadeva sUri bhagavatI TIkA --tattvAryasUtra 6 - rUpiNa pudgalA / : ( ka ) na varNamAtra rUpam / * (kha) sparzarasagadhavarNasamavAyAt rUpam / 7- mUrtAzca / (ka) varNAdisasthAnapariNAmo mUrti / 8- zrarUpA pudgalA na bhavanti / 12 - sAmarthyAt sakriyo / 13- pariNAminau jIvapudgalau / -- siddhisena gaNi tattvArtha TIkA -tattvArthasUtra E - sparzarasagadhavarNavanta pudgalA / *10 - pUryante galanti ca pudgalA / 11 - pudgalajIvAstu kriyAvanta / (ka) parispanda lakSaNA kriyA / -- rAjavArtikam - tasvArthasUtra bhASya - pravacanasAra pradIpakAvRti -tattvArthazlokavArtikam -- dravyasaMgraha TIkA

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