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which we find many a Pk. past passive participle identical with the corresponding verb-stems, i.e. without any formative suffix. All of them have a double consonant in their final syllable. An illustrative list of some such participles is given below :
thakka- dhukkakhuttapakka- mukka- cahuṭṭaparisakka lukka
chutta
sakkaa- Ihikka
tuṭṭa
sukka
phaṭṭa
phitta
phutta
bhiṭṭa
nivaṭṭa
luṭṭa
jikka
pikka
cukka
57
budda
phulla
bhulla
khalla- DN.2-6
jhulla
khulla
ummilla- dulla
nimmilla- tulla
uvvella
Jain Education International
bolla
solla
nolla
pella
Similar illustrations of bases ending in -gga-, -ttha-, -nna/ -nna-, -tta-, -ddha-. etc. are well known.
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4. Phonological explanation *versus analogical explanation.
Two most outstanding consequences of the phonetic wear and tear of OIA. were: (1) A form with the same phonetic shape now conveyed several different case-relations or stood for the meanings of several different persons, numbers etc. (ii) Personal verbforms tended to disapper and participal forms or verbal adjectives took their place. This second process was aided by the fact that in Sanskrit nominal sentence seems to have been more frequent than the verbal sentence. Nouns and adjectives could function as predicates without any need of a copula.
When the neo-grammarian tradition dominated there was strong compulsion to seek phonological explanation for phonologically 'irregular' forms.
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Pischel has strongly favoured and advanced phonological explanation of many a Prakrit 'irregular forms. Against this view we have referred earlier (pp. 52-53) to the scholars who have put forth anological explanation. Turner was among the latest who offerer'
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