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‘behaving like X.?" Instances :
mālāyate 'serves as a garland' śighrāyate ‘becomes hasty'. lohitāyate freddens' mandāyate “slows down' utsukāyate 'feels yearning śithilāyate 'loosens' adharāyate ‘suffers defeat durmanāyate becomes sad' taralāyate “suffers pain mandalāyate 'becomes circular' dhūmāyate emits fumes of smoke'...
It is obvious that these verbs are patient-oriented and not agen. oriented.
3. Secondly there are a few Sanskrit monosyllabic verb-stems, mostly intransitive and ending in -ā-, which have the passive meaning of 'to experience or achieve a state'. For example
glāyati 'feels fatigue’ mlāyati 'withers' śyāyate ‘congeals' styāyati solidifies' pyāyate 'fattens' vāyati 'dries up drāti/nidrāti 'runs/sleeps' āghrāti “smells' These verbs take suffix -ņa- to form the perfective participle : glāna-, mlāna-, śyāna-, styāna-, pyāna-, vāna-, drāņa-, äghrāņa
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