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āj- 'apply collyrum to the eyes', amjā 'be dazzled' kätar- 'clip with a pair of scissors' : katrā- 'look askance' jhāl- 'seize' : jhalā- 'get stiff” (w.r.to a limb). The Passive subjectless, reflexive construction
4. We are familiar with the following classification and terminology with respect to the subject under discussion.
When the focus is on the agent, that construction-type is called 'active'-kartari-prayog in the traditional terminology. e.g. 1. te kām kare 'He may work'. 2. te modhũ jue che 'He looks at the face' 3. te āvše 'He will come' 4. te jāy 'He may go.'
When the verb is transitive and the focus is on the patient that construction-type is called 'passive' (karmaņi prayog in the traditional terminology). For example 5. kām konäthi karāy che e mahattvanů nathi, karāy che e-j
mahattvanũ che. 'It is of no importance the work is done by whom; that the work
is done (at all) that is important.' 7. śāk vecāy che. 'The vegetables are sold' 8. kapờũ khovāũ ‘The clothe is lost. 6. temnāthi jețlū kahevāy che tețlű karātū nathi. “That much is not done by them, as much as is said by them.'
When the agenthood is secondary, or the patienthood is primarily intended the passive (or 'abilitive') stem is formed by suffixing -ā- to the active stem.
kar- 'do' > karā. pad- ‘fall' > padā
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