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186
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
[JUNE 7, 1872.
Sakamuri family, at Tangerala and Gummampad, to the Nedadavol Zamindari, which was transferred the former an Agraharam, and the latter a Mokhasa to Godavari District at the amalgamation of the village.
late Guntur and Masulipatam Districts. In the Nandigama Taluq there is an old Reddi In the Nizampatam Sarkar of Ripa Hi Taluq, there fort or durgain on the north bank of the Krishna, a are also forte at Vullipolam, Kadavakuduru, Garalittle to the east of Mugetala at Gudemetla, known 1 paveram, Yalatepolam and Amudalapilli. as Turangaraidu. There are the ruins of mud There are also forts at Vallur and Gudur belongforts built by the Vasereddi Zamindar at Nandi- ing to the Vallur Zamindar. One at Avanigadda gama, Raghavapuram, Irellapad and Magallu ; one belonging to the ex-Divi Zamindar, and one at built by Chava Narasaya at Konakanche, and one Mailaveram belonging to that Zamindar. built by Cherumamella Venkataramanaiya Veladi. There are also ruins of ancient forts in the Palnad There is another old fort at Itur, and one at Panu- Taluq at Katavaram, Machavaram, Tangeda. Pidu
nrol built about a century Ago by the guralla, Tandutla, Gamalapad, Kamepalli. Petta Muhammadan Governor or Tanisha. The walls of Mansursha, Ubbapalli, near Dachapalli, Gottepalli, both have fallen down. Jagiapett is a town of Pulbriddegudam, Nagarjunakonda or Durg, Karunconsiderable trade and importance in the Nandigama pudi, Kambhampad, Gali, Pendugal, Pillutla. Taluq on the borders of the Haidarabad territory. In Guntur Taluq at Naukar, A band of Rohillas once came here and burnt down In Narsaraupett Taluq at Chilakallurpad and the place. The people then built a square tower Kunkalagunta. in the centre of the town for protection provided In Repali Taluq at Repali, Nedumurru and with narrow loopholes for musketry, but they never Rachur. added the staircase to ascend to the top, and the tower In Vinukonda Taluq at Gunadampad, Komalawould practically be of very little use as a means of pad, and Chintalacheruvu, besides a number of defence. The town was surrounded by a high wall smaller ones, or bastions in the Palnad Taluq at by the Vasereddi Zamindar of old time, a consider- Mandenapadu, Janapadu on a pagoda, Pedda Garable portion of which remains. At each gate was lapadu, Konanki, in the centre of the village, built a temple. There are also forts in this taluq Pinali on a pagoda, Oblínipalli, Kalakota, Maduat Konakanchi, Dabákupali, Malkapuram, Muka- kuru, Pattavedu, Gunlapad, Gottepalli, Veldurru, peta, Anneguntapad, and Shir Muhammadpet. Royaveram, Pasevamula, Nangalavaram, Oppicherla, Also at Lingagiri, Shri Narasimhapuram, Ganuga- Adigopula, Miriyala, Pedda Kadavagunta, Sunnebanda Sarvavaram, Kalavapalli, Lakhaveram, and galla, Jattepalepu, Pulepad, Rentala, RentachinAmaraveram. These villages belong to the Lingagiri tala, Mandugalla, Pullagunta, Charlagudepad, Zamindar. In Munagala, Nalamaru, Madhaveram, Gottennzukuala, Dieta. Rapali, Karivarada, Sripuram, Nadegudamala, VIII. The Mahals or palaces of Zamindars conKomarabanda, Ankupamula, Barayakudagudam structed within the last century. The best specimens and Brindavanapuram, villages belonging to the of these are the palace of the ex-Zemindar of NarMunagala Zamindar there are also forte. In Visan- saraupet, and the palace of the Devarakota napett Division there are also forts in the villages Zamindar of Sallapalli. There are each large piles of Tiruvur, Kalagara, Gampalagudem, Venegada, of buildings in the Muhammadan style of architecand Vishnupett. In the last-inentioned village the ture, four or five stories high. There is a very fort is not walled, but surrounded by a hedge of large hall on the ground floor and a gallery round bramble ; it is called Kumpakota.
it on the second floor, with five ranges of rooms In the Bejwada Taluq there are two old ruined above. The buildings are of brick plastered, with forts at Valavadam and Vellatur. At Bejwada, too, high Muhammadan arches. There are ornamental there was a fort; there are no signs of it at present, devices in plaster, and the woodwork is carved and and in the Gudiwada Taluq at Kanukolanu, Vama- painted in bright colours. There are extensive varapupad, Kaldindi, Venkatapuram, Chigurukota court-yards with reservoirs and fountains and
e of them are worth preservation. I gardens and shrubberies. In the Devarakota Zamindari of Bandar Taluq there IX. European remains.-Tradition exists of the are the ruins of a fort at Lakshmipuram, built about sea coast of this district having formerly 200 years ago. There are also forts in this taluq
been several miles inland of the present shore, and at Yundapalli, Nungegada, Nagayalanka, and Mare- this is supported by a mark of an old beach along polam.
the eastern road to Masulipatam from China GanIn the villages of Najid Zanindari there are jam. The black soil here gives place to a belt of forts at Katur, Medur Kasbah, Nana Kasbah, sand from 5 to 10 miles in breadth, covering with Suravaram, Telaprolu, Gollapilli Kasbah Najid, the drift the elevated ridges generally found above Musunur, Vijiaroy Kashah, Rayanepolam, and high water mark, and then sloping gradually to the Mutanavidu. There are also forts in some villages present coast. The general tradition is supported of Chatroy, Pentapad, Bahurjali, Gundugol, by a Dunde kaveli, describing the sea as having Ambarpett, and Elor Haveli Parganas, belonging formerly extended nearly to the present town of
