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AUGUST 2, 1872.)
DRAVIDIAN ROOTS IN SANSKRIT.
235
ON THE DRAVIDIAN ELEMENT IN SANSKRIT DICTIONARIES.
BY THE REV. F. KITTEL MERKARA.
Letters a, á. THERE is not the slightest doubt that a great intumescence, hair growth), water, blood number of true Dravidian words have been intro- (flowing). Anga, portion, depending part; duced into the Sanskrit language and dictionaries. angaņa, angana-place or yard of a house. But native grammarians often try to convince us These find their explanation in the following of the contrary. Thus, for instance, they say Dravidian roots :that the Dravidian Koli, fowl, is derived from
ak, ok, ag (âg), og. the Sanskrit kukkuţa. The Dravidian root (1) to go in, enter (aga, inside, house, place, for kôli, however, is kû, the loud cry of a side, mind, soul, body);1 to be in, be hidden, bird, or which the root kûg or kûk is formed, (agadu, inside, belly; ogatu, riddle; agara, the base for Kôgil, Kôkil (kokila), the crier, village); to enter into, to dig (cf. agul, to dig, cuckoo : kôli means crier, crower. How na- dive; aga, agate, ogate, depth); to enter, to tural it was for the Indian Aryas to appropriate, fill, prevail, overflow, flow; to make go in, to among many others, the following Dravidian fix into (anke, mark, cipher ; certainty, trust; words:
command ; aga, agadu, self-will, pride, sin). å du (eda), sheep, goat, Root,-ad, to play. (2) to beat (angata, a goad); to chew; to Erume, emme (heramba), buffalo. Min tremble for joy, fear, or grief. (mîna), fish, star, R. min, to glitter. Bêr, vêr, (3) to be born (age, shoot, young plant, gene(vera), root-R. vir, to expand, go into parts. rally explained by “ankura"; aga, anga, agal, Balli, valli (valli), creeper,-R. bal, val, grain, corn; conf. angâļi, angadi, corn-selling, to be cnrved, bent; to surround.t Mugu! provision shop). (mukura, mukula), bud, --R. mug, to be shut up. A derivative root is agal (aga!) to be wide ûr (ra), village.-R. ûr, to settle. Hatti become separated ; to make loose (angala, angal,
(hatta), hamlet,-R. had, to settle down. Kuti, separated, widely apart; agala, breadth, breast). gudi, hut; either R. kud, to take in, gather The following so-called Sanskrit words are in ; or, though improbable, R. and, to bend (a numbered, and after a sign of equation the corbending, building made of bent canes or responding Dravidian terms introduced : twigs). Koda (kuta), a very common sarthen 1. agni-Vindu-bindu, drop ; R. bil, vessel,-R, kud, to take in, receive; cf. No. 54. to fall. Kodle (kuthâra), axe,-R. kad, to cut, 2. Auch, ank, ang, to go; to bend-R. ach, R. kut, to beat. Pette, pettige (peta, to move, walk; to bend; anchal, ancho, usually petaka), basket, box,-R. pių, to hold, con- explained by "pathabheda," running post ; tain. Katlu (khatva), bedstead.-R. kat, to anchu-border, shore. The connection of ach join together, bind. Maņi, precious stone,- with ag, to enter, seems to be shown by achchu, R. man, enrth (maņal, sand). Muttu (mukta) receptacle, mould. . pearl, originally : foremost, best-R, mun, to 3. At, ath, anth=R. at, ant, and, to run be before.
after; resort to; cf. R. âd, to move, play; adi,foot. In giving the following list of Dravidian 4. A țavid avi, a wood; R. ad, to be. words that occur in Sanskrit dictionaries under close, thickset, obstructed, plentiful, etc.; conf. the letters a and â, completeness is beyond our adavu, thickset, as corn or trees. reach, and the rules which underlie certain for- 5. A tt, to transgress; kill R. att, to drive; mations have not been adduced, though due R. ad, to strike, rap. regard has been paid to them. We begin with a 6. Atta, excessR. ad, to be plentiful; cf combination of some so-called Sanskrit words :- attadavi, an impervious jungle.
Aka, aga, sin. Anka, anga, place, side, body. I 7. Atta, upper-loft-atta, ; R.ad, to put one Anka, heart, mark, cipher, sin. Ankura, shoot, thing upon the other.
• In Dravidian languages the vowels and o, unlike Sanskrit, are also short; we have therefore : , : o, d. The italie I representa letter resembling in sound the Vedic .
# The signification to appear" given under this root in
Sanskrit dictionaries, belongs to R. bel, vel, bil to appear; the signification to increase" to R. bal, bel, to grow; the significations to move," to R. bal, to be current; etc. . tct. naranga, orange-R. nár, to emit scent, and anga, inside.
