History of Canonical Literature of Jainas

Author(s): Hiralal R Kapadia
Publisher: Shardaben Chimanbhai Educational Research Centre

Page 44

CLASSIFICATIONS OF THE AGAMAS
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136'), Nandi (s. 452), Anuogaddara (s. 423), Pakkhiyasutta (p. 704), the Bhasya (p. 10') on Tattvārtha (I, 21) etc.
As regards the date of the word Anga, it may be said that it is as old as the composition of the Angas; for, this word occurs in Vivāgasuya (I) etc., and the word Duvālasanga in Samavāya etc.
Uvanga - This word has Upanga for its Samskrt equivalent. But it seems that neither Uvanga nor Upānga is used by the Bauddhas to indicate any work or works of their school. On the other hand the Vaidikas have used the word Upanga for the following four works (rather branches) associated with the six Vedāngas :
(1) Purāna, (2) Nyāya, (3) Mimāṁsā and (4) Dharmaśāsatra.
That there are Angas and Upāngas for the Vedas is corroborated by Nandi (s. 42) and Anuogaddāra (s. 41). Besides Hemacandra Sūri, too, in his com. (p. 36") on Anuogaddāra says :
"चत्वारश्च वेदाः सामवेद-ऋग्वेद-यजुर्वेदा-ऽथर्वणवेदलक्षणाः साङ्गोपाङ्गाः; तत्राङ्गानि शिक्षाकल्प-व्याकरण-च्छन्दो-निरुक्त-ज्योतिष्कायनलक्षणानि षट् ; उपाङ्गानि तद्ख्याख्यानरूपाणि तैः सह वर्तन्ते इति साङ्गोपाङ्गाः ।"
Just as the Vaidikas have four Upangas, so have the Jainas 12. Prof. W. Schubring in his Worte Mahāvīras (p. 8) says that there were originally only five Upāngas. Up till now I have not come across any source earlier than Suhabohasāmāyārī (Anutthānavihi), a work of the 12th century of the Vikrama era which specifies the number of the Uvangas as 12 and which gives their names. It is composed by Sricandra Suri, pupil of Dhanesvara Suri. Therein, on pp. 31-323 we have :
"इयाणि उवंगा-आयारे उवाइयं उवंग १ सूयगडे रायपसेणइयं २ ठाणे जीवाभिगमो ३ समवाए
1. There is the same passage as noted above, except that for the 9th and the 10th works
we have : "अणुत्तरोववाइदसाओ ९ पण्हावागरणं." 2. "आयारो १ सूयगडो २ ठाणं ३ समवाओ ४ विवाहपन्नत्ती ५ नायाधम्मकहाओ६ उवासगदसाओ ७ अंतगडदसाओ
८ अणुत्तरोववाइदसाओ ९ पण्हावागरणाई १० विवागसुअं ११ दिट्ठिवाओ" 3. We have the same passage here ad verbatim as in Nandī (s. 45) 4. Here the passage differs from that in Nandi only regarding the 10th Anga; for, here
we have पण्हावागरणं instead of पण्हावागरणाई. 5. "आचारः, सूत्रकृतं, स्थानं, समवायः, व्याख्याप्रज्ञप्तिः, ज्ञातधर्मकथाः, उपासकाध्ययनदशा:, अन्तकृद्दशाः,
अनुत्तरोपपातिकदशाः, प्रश्नव्याकरणं, विपाकसूत्रं, दृष्टिपात इति ।" 6. See A His. of Ind. Lit. (p. 435, fn. 3).