History of Canonical Literature of Jainas

Author(s): Hiralal R Kapadia
Publisher: Shardaben Chimanbhai Educational Research Centre

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A HISTORY OF THE CANONICAL LITERATURE OF THE JAINAS
पनवणा ४ भगवईए सूरपन्नत्ती ५ नायाणं जंबूद्दीवपन्नत्ती ६ उवासगदसाणं चंदपन्नत्ती ७ तिहिं तिहिं आयंबिलेहिं एकेक उवंगं वच्चइ, नवरं तओ पन्नत्तीओ कालियाओ संघट्टं च कीरइ, सेसाण पंचण्हमंगाणं मयंतरेण निरावलियासुयखंधो उवंगं, तत्थ पंच वग्गा निरयावलियाउ कप्पवर्डिसियाउ पुष्फिलाउ पुप्फचूलिया वहीदसाउ"1
From this we get the names of the 12 Uvargas. They are also suggested in the following verse (p. 34 ) of this very work :
"उ० रा. जी. पन्नवणा सू० जं० चं० नि० क० क० पु० पु० वह्निदसनामा । आयाराइ उवंगा नायव्वा आणुपुव्वीए ॥12
Viyārasāra (also called Viyāralesa) of Pradyumna Sūri, too, furnishes us with the Prākrt names of the 12 Uvargas. The pertinent verses are as under :"ओवइ रायपसेणीय जीवाभिगमो तहेव पनवणा । चंदस्स य सूरस्स य जंबूद्दीवस्स पन्नत्ती ||३४७॥
निरयावलिया कप्पिय पुष्फिय तह पुप्फचूलिओवंगं । वहिदसा दीवसागरपन्नत्ती मयविसेसेण ॥ ३४८ ॥
From this we learn that at least in the time of this Pradyumna Sūri who flourished in the 14th century of the Vikrama era, a difference of opinion had arisen as to which work was to be considered as the 12th Uvanga. Further, in this connection it may be added that Pradyumna Sūri differs from Śrīcandra Suri and Jinaprabha Suri as well; for, he mentions Candapanṇatti
1. The late Vijayadāna Sūri (born in sarvat 1924 ) in his work Vividhapraśnottara (p. 159), has quoted a portion from some sāmācārī which he says is composed by a Pracīna Acarya. This portion gives us the same information about the association of the Uvangas with the Angas as we have seen in this work. It runs as under :
" आयारे ओववाइयं १ सूयगडे रायपसेणियं २ ठाणे जीवाभिगमो ३ समवाए पनवणा एए उक्कालिया भगवईए सूरपन्नती ५ नायाधम्मकहाणं जंबुद्दीवपन्नत्ती ६ उवासगदसाणं चंदपन्नत्ती ७ एए कालिया सव्वे वि अ उद्देससमुद्देसअणुनत्थं आयंबिलतिगेण वच्चति । अन्नेसिं पुण पन्नवणवज्ज तज्जोगमज्झे आयंबिलतिगपूरणेण नि वि वच्चन्ति । अंतगडदसाइयाणं पंचन्हमंगाणं निरयावलिसुयक्खंधं उवंगं, तंमि पंच वग्गा १ कप्पिआओ, २ कप्पवर्डिसयाओ ३ पुष्फिआओ, ४ पुप्फचूलियाओ एएसु दस दस अज्झयणा वन्हिदसासु बारस एवं दिण ५ सुअक्खंधे दिन २ सव्वे वि दिण ७ ।"
2. Practically this very verse with a slight difference is found in Vidhiprapa of Jinaprabha Sūri. None of these verses, however, gives us the complete titles of all the 12 Uvargas. At best we know therefrom only two titles viz. Pannavaṇā and Vanhidasa in full, and the rest are indicated by their initial letters Jinaprabha Sūri's Siddhāntāgamastava (v. 2131) supplies us with the Samskrt names of these 12 Uvangas as under :
1. Upapātika, 2. Rājapraśnīya, 3. Jivābhīgamādhyayana, 4. Prājñāpanā, 5. Jambūdvipaprajñapti, 6. Candraprajñapti, 7. Sūryaprajñapti, 8. Nirayāvalikā, 9. Kalpāvatamsikā, 10, Puspikā, 11 Puspacūlikā and 12 Vrsnidaśā.