History of Canonical Literature of Jainas

Author(s): Hiralal R Kapadia
Publisher: Shardaben Chimanbhai Educational Research Centre

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A HISTORY OF THE CANONICAL LITERATURE OF THE JAINAS
to the composition of Mahānisīha, Kappa, and Vavahāra since as specifically mentioned in this Gacchāyāra, it is based upon these works.
Culiyasutta
This is a designation used for only two works Nandi and Aṇuogaddārā. Cūlikāsūtra is its Samskṛt equivalent. How this name has arisen is not clear. Does it mean that these works are as it were appendages to the fundamental works and hence they are so named ?
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I do not know of any source of sufficient antiquity that employs this terminology for these two works. The earliest work I can point out at present is an Epitome of Jainism' (p. 692 and Appendix C, p. xxxvii) by Nahar and Ghosh. A. D. 1917.
This finishes a rough survey of the main types of classifications of the Agamas. So I shall now try to classify them from other stand-points. To begin with, I may group them according to the specific anuyoga they are associated with. Of course, such a state of affairs did not exist prior to the time of Arya Rakṣita Sūri. It is this Sūri who on seeing that his pupil Puspamitra found it difficult to remember all the four anuyogas2 associated with the Agamas, divided them into four groups according to the anuyoga with which they were mainly concerned. On this basis we learn that the 1st 11 Angas and Dasaveyaliya are associated with caraṇakaraṇānuyoga; Uttarajjhayaṇa and Isibhāsiya, with dharmakathānuyoga; Sūrapannatti; Jambuddivapannatti and the like, with gaṇitānuyoga; and the Puvvagaya, with Dravyanuyoga. This information is incomplete; for, several scriptures are left out. It is however possible to fix the particular anuyoga in their case, too. Consequently instead of doing so, I shall define the four anuyogas. Caraṇakaraṇānuyoga takes into account the rules and regulations governing the life of a Jaina clergy; dharmakathānuyoga deals with religious stories,
1. Herein, over and above the names of 45 Agamas, those of 36 works known as Jaina Nigamas or Upanisads are given.
2. The earliest source mentioning the 4 anuyogas seems to be the Nijjutti on Dasaveyāliya. The pertinent verses are as under:
“सुयनाणे अणुओगेणाहिगयं सो चउव्विहो होइ । चरणकरणाणुओगे धम्मे काले य दविए य ||३|| अपुहुत्तपुहुत्ताइं निद्दिसिउं एत्थ होइ अहिगारो । चरणकरणाणुयोगेण तस्स दारा इमे होन्ति ॥ ४ ॥"
In the Cunni (p. 2) on this Nijjutti, we have:
"सो य चउव्विहो, तं जहा - चरणकरणाणुयोगो, धम्माणुयोगो, गणियाणुयोगो दव्वाणुओगो."
3. There are ten types of daviyānuoga. see Thana (s. 727) Cf. "
ferri,
धम्माणुयोगो इसिभासियाई उत्तरज्झयणादि, गणिणा ( ? ) णुयोगो सूरपण्णत्ति जंबुद्दीवपण्णत्ति एवमादि, दवियाणुयोगोणाम दिठ्ठिवायो" - Dasaveyāliyacunni (p. 2)
4. For this we have in Prakṛt dhammakahāṇuoga and dhammāṇuoga.