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192
A HISTORY OF THE CANONICAL LITERATURE OF THE JAINAS
but it may be noted that this is not the name given by Yāska himself. This topic of nirukta (Pr. nirutta) is discussed in Anuogaddara (s. 130; p. 150a) etc. Some of the words for which niruttas occur in Nijjuttis are noted by me in Chapter VI. So I shall here simply add that in v. 188 of Kappanijjutti with its Bhāsa, nirutta is defined, and its two varieties viz. sutta-nirutta and atthanirutta are mentioned, and in v. 29-30 of Dasaveyaliyanijjuttil the word ajjhayana is derived. All the extant Nijjuttis more or less indulge in the discussion of niruttas. So it will be a matter of great pleasure, if some one undertakes to collect and co-ordinate them; for, it will be then easy to compare these etymologies with ones discussed elsewhere. This is another instance how the Indian literature gets enriched by Jaina contributions.
Grammar - The canonical literature furnishes us with some grammatical information, which has its own importance, though it does not by any means add to occur stock of knowledge by way of an original contribution. To begin with, Ayāra (II, 4, 1; s. 355) mentions 3 numbers, 3 genders, 3 tenses and 3 persons. Thāna (s. 609) deals with 8 cases and their functions. The pertinent portion occurs almost ad verbatim in Anuogaddāra (s. 128). This latter work notes in s. 130 bhāvappamāna and its 4 varieties viz. sāmāsiya, taddhiya, dhāuya and niruttiya. Under the 1st variety, 7 kinds of compounds are noted along with their illustrations. The 2nd variety is eight-fold. Herein while explaining siloanāma Maladhārin Hemacandra Sūri says that since Sabdaprābhrta is extinct, it is not possible to explain it in its entirety. Under the 3rd variety we have " FERI 101 Te qast" etc., whereas under the 4th we have etymologies attended to e.g. "HET Hf69:" etc. This portion is to some extent in Samskrta which is rather unusual. In s. 123 there is an exposition of genders and the corresponding endings (see pp. 1116-1120), and in s. 124 that of euphony. Verse 325 of Kappanijjutti mixed up with its Bhāsa mentions 5 types of paya - a topic discussed in s. 125 of Anuogaddara, and v. 326, 4 types of payattha such as sämāsiya etc., already noted. In the commentary (p. 3) to v. 2 of this work, it is noted that certain letters and the dual number have no place in Prākrta whereas in the commentary (p. 99) on v. 326, are
1. Haribhadra Sūri in his com. on this work mentions etymologies of some words e. g.
pe (p. 21), faqe (p. 22), afa (p. 23), hu (p. 23) etc. 2. For instance, it is in Prākrta. Bharata's Nātyaśāstra (XVII, pp. 367-369) is another
example of this type; for, it mentions in Prākrita some characteristics of this language. Further the Agamas give us an idea about concord in Prākrita works-a topic discussed by Prof. A. M. Ghatage in his article entitled Concord in Prākrit-Syntax and published
in the "Annals of B. O. R. I." (vol. XXI, pts. I-II, pp. 73-96). 3. "1 ftalaan 3706154 for a fre e at Malaruan fileg 1132411" 4. See Višeśā (v. 3455). It begins with "Tres cianisuj"
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