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No. 17) BONDA PLATES OF MAHASIVA TIVARA, YEAR 5
113 in this connection that, in place of the epithet prāpta-sakala-Kosal-adhipatya (one who has obtained the lordship over the entire Kösala country) found in Tivara's own charters, the same Pânduvarbi king is endowed with the epithet eva-bhujo-parakram-Opārjita-sakala-Kösal-Otkal-adimandal-ādhipatya (one who has secured the lordship of territories including the entire Kösala and Utkala by the prowess of his own arms) in the Adhabhāra platest of his son Nanna. We know that Tīvara ruled over Kösala, i.e. South Kösala or the Raipur-Bilaspur-Sambalpur region of Madhya Pradesh and Orissa. But the basis of the claim that he extended his power over Utkalamandala (Orissa). cannot be determined without further evidence. A king named Tivara was defeated at the foot of the Vindhyas, along with his protégé Madhava of the Sailodbhavh dynasty of Orissa, by the Sailodbhava king Mānabhita Dharmarāja (c. 695-730 A.D.) about the beginning of Dharmarāja's reign. We have elsewhere suggested that he may have been a later member of the Pandu-vamsa of Kõsale, who is as yet unknown from any other source. But the association of Nanna's father Tivara with Utkala in the Adhabhāra plates may be regarded as supporting Ghosh's theory regarding Tivara's date. Unfortunately, the indication is not satisfactorily clear since the dominions of the Sailodbhavas were known as Köngöda-mandala and not as Utkala-mandala.
After the Siddham symbol, the inscription introduces king Mahāśiva Tivararāja in a lengthy passage in lines 1-18. This section, which begins with a stanza praising the king under the name Tivaradēva and with the mention of Sripura whence the charter was issued, is also found in the Räjim and Balodā plates though the Räjim plates contain some serious scribal errors. It may be pointed out here that the introductory part of the Adhabhāra plates of Nanna, referred to above, is smaller and simpler than the corresponding section of these records. King Tivara is stated to have been a devout worshipper of the god Vishnu and devoted to his parents. He is further described as the son of Nannadēva of the Pandu-varsa, who was himself the son of Indrabala, and is described as having obtained the lordship of the entire Kösala country. The king's order in respect of the grant was addressed to the inhabitants of Bondakn together with another locality called Avadika, both situated in the Piharāja bhukti. In the inscriptions of Eastern India, the word bhukti is generally used to indicate a province comprising several districts or vishayas. But in the inscription under study and some other records of the area, it seems to be used to mean a smaller territorial and administrative unit. The gift land consisting of the localities called Böndaka and Avadika was granted in favour of twentyfive Brāhmaṇas.
The donees are enumerated in two groups, one of which belonged to the Maitrāyaniya branch of the Yajurvēda and the other to the Chhandöga charana of the Sämavēda. But the Brāhmaṇas are also described as priests of the Charaka section of the Yajurvēda and Sāmavēda, although the Charakas actually belonged to the Black Yajurvēda. The first group of the donees consisted of : (1) Bhatta Madhusūdan-opādhyāya, (2) Avanti-Vikram-õpādhyāya, (3) Dēvasom-opādhyāya, (4) Svāmidatt-õpādhyāya, (5) Vishộughosh-opādhyāya, (6) SthăvarÖpādhyāya, (7) Bhatta Kamalapakshagvāmin, (8) Bhatta Ravinägasvåmin, (9) Sambhubhavasvāmin, (10-11) Bandhudēva and Yoranga-Vishņubhavasvāmin, (12) Lăța-Phalihasvāmin, (13) Asökasvāmin, (14) Sridharabhūtisvāmin, (15) Sila pa kshasvāmin, (16) Sāppupa kshasvämin, (17) Våmanasvāmin, (18) Nāgaśarmasvāmin, (19) Gõlachandrasvāmin, and (20) Bhadrasvāmin. To the second group pertaining to the Chhandöga charana belonged: (1) Göpēndragvāmin, (2) Vāmanasvāmin (different from his namesake in the other group), (3) Sõmagvāmin, (4) Yajñasvāmin and (5) Unnatamēghasvāmin.
Above, Vol. XXXI, pp. 219 ff. . Ses ibid., Vol. XXIX, p. 39; cf. Vol. XXX, p. 266. • Ibid., Vol. XXIX, p. 39 and note 3. . Cf., 6.g., Select Inscriptions, pp. 284 ff.
