Sramana 2004 07

Author(s): Shivprasad
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525053/1

Page #1
zramaNa SRAMANA (julAI-sitambara 2004) Global vArANasI M pugavaM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI PARSWANATHA VIDYAPITHA, VARANASI For Private &Personal Use Only .

Page #2
zramaNa SRAMANA (julAI-sitambara 2004) Unaa sabasubhagavaM -- pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI PARSWANATHA VIDYAPITHA, VARANASI

Page #3
varSa 56 zramaNa pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI traimAsika zodha patrikA aMka 7-9 pradhAna sampAdaka prophesara sAgaramala jaina sampAdaka DaoN0 zivaprasAda prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, AI.TI.AI. mArga, karauMdI po. oN. - bI.eca.yU., vArANasI - 221005 ( u0pra0) e-mail: parshwanathvidyapeeth@rediffmail.com dUrabhASa : 0542-2575521 ISSN-0972-1002 vArSika sadasyatA zulka : : saMsthAoM ke lie vyaktiyoM ke lie isa aMka kA mUlya ru. 150.00 ru.100.00 25.00 ru. AjIvana sadasyatA zulka : : julAI-sitambara 2004 saMsthAoM ke lie vyaktiyoM ke lie noTa : sadasyatA zulka kA ceka yA DrAphTa kevala pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke nAma se hI bhejeN| ru.1000.00 500.00 ru.

Page #4
sampAdakIya zramaNa julAI-sitambara 2004 pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta hai / pUrva kI bhAMti isa aMka meM bhI jaina darzana, sAhitya, AcAra evaM itihAsa se sambaddha AlekhoM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| hamArA prayAsa yahI rahatA hai ki zramaNa kA pratyeka aMka pichale aMkoM kI tulanA meM hara dRSTi se behatara ho aura usameM prakAzita ho rahe sabhI Alekha zuddha rUpa meM mudrita hoN| isa aMka ke sAtha bhI hama apane sammAnanIya pAThakoM ko jaina kathA sAhitya meM viziSTa sthAna rakhane vAlI prAkRta bhASA meM racita kRti surasuMdarIcariaM ke dvitIya pariccheda kA eka aMza bheMTa kara rahe haiM jo munizrI vizrutayazavijayajI ma0sA0 dvArA kI gayI saMskRta chAyA, gujarAtI artha aura hindI anuvAda se yukta hai| yaha mahattvapUrNa grantha hameM pUjya AcArya vijaya rAjayazasUrijI ma0sA0 ke saujanya se prApta huA hai jisake liye hama unake AbhArI haiN| sudhI pAThakoM se nivedana hai ki ve apane amUlya vicAroM/ AlocanAoM se hameM avagata karAne kI kRpA kareM tAki AgAmI aMkoM meM use sudhArA jA ske| sampAdaka

Page #5
zramaNa julAI-sitambara 2004 sampAdakIya viSayasUcI hindI khaNDa 1. bauddha aura jaina pramANa mImAMsA : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana - pro0 sAgaramala jaina 2. karma sAhitya meM tIrthaMkara - DaoN0 dharmacandra jaina 3. Avazyaka sUtra kA srota evaM vaiziSTya - zrI anila kumAra sonakara 4. prAkRta sAhitya kA kathAtmaka mahattva - DaoN0 hukamacandra jaina 5. saMvegaraMgazAlA meM pratipAdita maraNa ke satraha prakAra - sAdhvI priyadivyAMjanAzrI jaina AgamoM meM saMgIta vijJAna - sAdhvI DaoN0 maMjuzrI 7. bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita gRhasthoM kI AcAra saMhitA - zrI mahendra kumAra 'masta' 8. nemidUtam kA alaMkAra lAvaNya - DaoN. vinoda kumAra zarmA evaM AzA zarmA 9. kharataragaccha - sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA kA itihAsa - zivaprasAda 1-16 17-25 26-36 37-42 43-48 49-56 57 58-81 82-91 ENGLISH SECTION 10. Jainism as Perceived by Huen - Tsang- Dr. A.P. Singh 92-98 11.vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM 99-100 12.jaina jagat 101-102 13.sAhitya satkAra 103-105 surasuMdarIcariaM 1-17

Page #6
zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 julAI-sitambara 2004 bauddha aura jaina pramANamImAMsA - eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana pro0 sAgaramala jaina* jaina evaM bauddha pramANazAstra kA aitihAsika vikAsakrama : jaina aura bauddha darzana bhAratIya zramaNa saMskRti ke darzana haiN| AcArazAstra ke siddhAnta pakSa kI apekSA se donoM meM bahuta kucha samAnatAeM haiN| kintu jahA~ taka tattvamImAMsIya aura pramANazAstrIya vivecanoM kA prazna hai, donoM meM kucha samAnatAe~ aura kucha aMtara parilakSita hote haiN| jaina aura bauddha donoM hI darzana ekAMtavAda ke virodhI haiN| donoM ke dArzanika vivecana ke mUla meM vibhajyavAdI dRSTikoNa samAhita hai| tattvamImAMsA evaM AcAramImAMsA ke kSetra meM bauddha darzana jahA~ ekAMtavAda kA niSedha karake madhyamapratipadA kI bAta karatA hai, vahIM jaina darzana ekAMtavAda kA niSedha kara anekAMtavAda kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta karatA hai| isa prakAra donoM darzanoM kI mUlabhUta dRSTi arthAt ekAMtavAda ke niSedha meM samAnatA hai| kintu apanI dArzanika vivecanAoM ke agrima caraNoM meM donoM darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM meM aMtara dekhA jAtA hai| usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jahA~ ekAMtavAda se bacane ke lie bauddhadarzana niSedhaparaka rahA, vahA~ jaina darzana ne vidhimukha se apanI bAta khii| jaina darzana kA carama vikAsa usake anekAMtavAda aura syAdvAda ke siddhAMta ke rUpa meM huA, vahIM bauddha darzana kA carama vikAsa apanI madhyamapratipadA para AdhArita hote hue bhI aMtata: vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda ke rUpa meM huaa| - jahA~ taka jaina aura bauddha pramANazAstra kA prazna hai, prAcIna jaina AgamasAhitya aura bauddha tripiTaka meM hameM pramANazAstra saMbaMdhI vizeSa vivecanAeM upalabdha nahIM hotI haiN| paravartI jaina AgamoM samavAyAMga, anuyogadvArasUtra aura nandIsUtra meM jJAnamImAMsA kI to vistRta carcA hai, kiMtu pramANazAstra saMbaMdhI carcA kA unameM bhI kucha zabda saMketoM ke atirikta prAyaH abhAva hI hai| isa prakAra pAli tripiTaka aura arddhamAgadhI AgamoM meM pramANazAstra saMbaMdhI chuTapuTa zabdoM yathA takka, vimaMsI, pamANa, hetu vyavasAya Adi ke prayoga. to mila jAte haiM, kiMtu eka suvyavasthita pramANazAstra kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI hai| bauddha paramparA meM sarvaprathama nAgArjuna ne lagabhaga IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM zUnyavAda kI sthApanA ke sAtha vigrahavyAvartanI aura vaidalyasUtra meM pramANoM kA spaSTa * maMtrI, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI evaM niyAmaka, prAcya vidyApITha, dupADA roDa, zAjApura, madhyapradeza

Page #7
zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 / julAI-sitambara 2004 rUpa se khaNDana kiyA hai| bauddha paramparA meM pramANazAstra ke vikAsa kA mukhya zreya vijJAnavAdI yogAcAra darzana ko jAtA hai| bauddha paramparA meM diGnAga (cauthI-pA~cavI zatI) ko bauddha pramANazAstra kA prathama prastotA mAnA jA sakatA hai| 2 : mallavAdI (cauthI - pA~cavI zatI) Adi prAcIna jaina AcAryoM ne bauddha pramANamImAMsA ke khaNDana meM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM diGnAga ke graMthoM ko hI AdhAra banAyA hai| mallavAdI kI kRti dvAdazAranayacakra meM diGnAga kI avadhAraNAoM ko uddhRta karake unakI samIkSA kI gaI hai| diGnAga ke guru bauddha vijJAnavAdI asaMga ke laghubhrAtA vasubandha rahe haiN| yadyapi vasubandhu ke graMthoM meM bhI nyAyazAstra saMbaMdhI kucha vivecana upalabdha hote haiM, phira bhI pramANazAstra kI vivecanA kI dRSTi se diGnAga kA pramANasamuccaya hI bauddha paramparA kA prathama svataMtra aura mahattvapUrNa graMtha hai| paravartI jaina aura jainetara dArzanikoM ne bauddha pramANamImAMsA ke khaNDana meM ise hI AdhAra banAyA hai / diGnAga ke pazcAt bauddha nyAya prastotAoM meM dharmakIrti pramukha mAne jAte haiN| dharmakIrti ke sattAkAla ko lekara vidvAnoM meM kucha matabheda hai, phira bhI itanA sunizcita hai ki ve IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke bauddha vidvAn haiN| jaina vidvAn paM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya ne unakA kAla 620 IsvI se 690 IsvI mAnA hai, jo samucita hI pratIta hotA hai| yadyapi dharmakIrti ke pazcAt bhI dharmottara, arcaTa, zAMtarakSita, kamalazIla, devendrabuddhi, zAkyabuddhi, prajJAkaragupta, ravigupta, karnakaumI Adi aneka bauddha AcArya hue haiM, jinhoMne bauddha pramANamImAMsA para grantha likhe haiM, kiMtu prastuta vivecanA meM hama apane ko dharmakIrti taka hI sImita rakhane kA prayatna kreNge| kyoMki akalaMka (AThavIM zatI) Adi jaina AcAryoM ne diGnAga evaM dharmakIrti kI sthApanAoM ko hI apane khaNDana kA viSaya banAyA hai| jahA~ taka jaina pramANazAstra kA prazna hai, usakA prArambha siddhasena divAkara ke nyAyAvatAra se hotA hai / siddhasenadivAkara ko lagabhaga cauthI - pAMcavI zatAbdI kA vidvAn mAnA jAtA hai| unakA nyAyAvatAra jaina pramANazAstra kA prathama grantha hai| isameM pramANa kI paribhASA ke sAtha-sAtha pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama (zabda) pramANoM kA ullekha huA hai, yadyapi isa graMtha kI mUla kArikAoM meM bauddha pramANazAstra ke khaNDana kA spaSTa rUpa se koI nirdeza nahIM hai| phira bhI "svaparAbhAsijJAnaM pramANam" kahakara pramANa ko mAtra svaprakAzaka mAnane vAlI bauddha paramparA ke khaNDana kA saMketa avazya milatA hai, kintu bauddha pramANazAstra kI spaSTa samIkSA kA isa graMtha meM prAya: abhAva hI hai| isa grantha ke avalokana se itanA to nizcita ho jAtA hai ki siddhasena divAkara bauddha pramANazAstra se paricita avazya the, kyoMki isa grantha meM kahIM bauddhamata se samarUpatA aura kahIM virodha parilakSita hotA hai| yadyapi jaina paramparA meM siddhasena ke pUrva umAsvAti (tIsarI zatI) ne tattvArthasUtra meM jJAna ke Agamika pA~ca prakAroM kA ullekha karake

Page #8
bauddha aura jaina pramANamImAMsA - eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 3 agale sUtra meM unheM pramANa ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA hai, sAtha hI pramANa ke pratyakSa aura parokSa aise do bhedoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai phira bhI umAsvAti ko jaina nyAya ke AdyapraNetA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki unake tattvArthasUtra aura usake svopajJabhASya meM ina do sUtroM ke atirikta pramANa saMbaMdhI koI vizeSa carcA upalabdha nahIM hai| unake pazcAt siddhasena divAkara ne yadyapi jaina pramANavyavasthA ke saMbaMdha meM eka svataMtra grantha kI racanA to kI, kiMtu unhoMne pramANamImAMsA saMbaMdhI bauddha evaM anya darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA kA koI prayatna nahIM kiyaa| jaina paramparA meM bauddha pramANamImAMsA kI samIkSA yadi sarvaprathama kisI ne kI hai, to ve dvAdazAranayacakra ke praNetA mallavAdI (lagabhaga pA~cavI zatI) haiN| mallavAdI ne diGnAga ke pramANasamuccaya se aneka saMdarbho ko uddhata karake unakI samIkSA kI hai| mallavAdI diGnAga se paravartI aura dharmakIrti se pUrvavartI haiN| bauddha vidvAnoM ne diGnAga kA kAla IsA kI pAMcavI zatI mAnA hai| kintu dvAdazAranayacakra kI prazasti se mallavAdI kA kAla vikrama saM0414 tadanusAra I0 san 357 mAnA hai| isa dRSTi se diGnAga ko bhI IsA kI cauthI zatI ke uttarArddha se pAMcavI zatI ke pUrvArddha kA mAnanA hogaa| jaina paramparA, bauddha pramANazAstra se yadi paricita huI hai to vaha prathamataH diGnAga aura phira dharmakIrti se hI vizeSa rUpa se paricita pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki jaina AcAryoM ne bauddha pramANa zAstra kI samIkSA meM inhIM ke granthoM ko mukhya AdhAra banAyA hai, yadyapi dharmottara, arcaTa, zAntarakSita aura kamalazIla ke bhI saMdarbha jaina graMthoM meM milate haiN| tibbatI paramparA ke anusAra diGnAga ke pramANasamuccaya ke atirikta pramANazAstra para unakI jo dUsarI pramukha kRti hai, vaha nyAyapraveza hai| yadyapi kucha vidvAnoM ne usake kartA diGnAga ke ziSya zaMkarasvAmI ko mAnA hai| bauddha pramANazAstra meM nyAyapraveza hI eka aisA graMtha hai, jisa para jaina AcAryoM ne TIkAeM rcii| AcArya haribhadrasUri ne (lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI meM) diGnAga ke nyAyapraveza para vRtti likhI, jo upalabdha hai| Age calakara haribhadra kI isa nyAyapravezavRtti para pArzvadevagaNi ne paMjikA kI racanA kii| yadyapi ye donoM TIkA graMtha jaina paramparA ke AcAryoM kI racanAyeM haiM, kiMtu ye samIkSAtmaka na hokara vivecanAtmaka hI haiN| samIkSA kI dRSTi se diGnAga ke pramANasamuccaya ke pazcAt jaina AcAryoM ne dharmakIrti ke pramANavArtika ko hI adhika uddhRta kiyA hai| jJAtavya hai ki pramANavArtika diGnAga ke pramANasamuccaya kI hI TIkA hai| phira bhI jaina AcAryoM ne apanI bauddha pramANazAstra kI samIkSA meM isako hI pramukha AdhAra banAyA hai| dharmakIrti ke dUsare do graMtha jo jaina AcAryoM kI samIkSA ke viSaya rahe haiM ve haiM pramANavinizcaya aura sNbNdhpriikssaa| pramANavinizcaya vastuta: unake pramANavArtika kA hI saMkSipta rUpa hai aura isake Adhe se adhika zloka pramANavArtika se hI grahaNa kie gae haiN| dharmakIrti kI dUsarI kRti saMbaMdhaparIkSA

Page #9
4 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 vartamAna meM anupalabdha hai| kintu isakA kucha aMza, jo Aja surakSita hai usakA zreya jainAcAryoM ko hI hai| digambara jainAcArya prabhAcandra ke prameyakamalamArtaMDa (10vIM zatI) meM na kevala isakI bAIsa kArikAyeM upalabdha haiM, apitu unhoMne una para vyAkhyA bhI kI hai| isI prakAra zvetAmbara vidvAn bRhadgacchIya vAdidevasUri (11vIM zatI) ne bhI syAdvAdaratnAkara meM isakI kucha kArikAeM uddhRta kI haiN| yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jahA~ jaina grantha dvAdazAranayacakra kI mUlakArikAoM kI punarracanA kA AdhAra dharmakIrti ke granthoM kI tibbatI srota rahe haiM, vahI dharmakIrti kI saMbaMdhaparIkSA ke kucha aMzoM ke saMrakSaNa kA AdhAra prabhAcandra kA prameyakamalamArtaMDa hai| jaina paramparA meM bauddha pramANamImAMsA kI jo samIkSA upalabdha hotI hai, usameM siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra aura mallavAdI ke dvAdazAranayacakra ke bAda usake TIkAkAra siMhasUri kA krama AtA hai| kintu siMhasUri kI dvAdazAranayacakra para likhI gaI TIkA meM bhI bauddha paraMparA kA jo khaNDana huA hai, vaha vasubaMdhu aura diGnAga ke dArzanika maMtavyoM ko hI pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai| unhoMne bauddhoM ke pramANalakSaNa evaM unakI pratyakSa pramANa kI avadhAraNA kI vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se samIkSA kI, kintu siMhasUri ne kahIM bhI dharmakIrti ko uddhRta nahIM kiyA hai| unhoMne mukhyatayA vasubandhu aura diGnAga ke maMtavyoM ko hI apanI samIkSA kA viSaya banAyA, isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki siMhasUri vasubaMdhu evaM diGnAga ke paravartI kintu dharmakIrti ke pUrvavartI rahe haiN| inakA kAla chaThI zatAbdI kA uttarArdha yA sAtavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha mAnA jAtA hai| jaina pramANazAstra ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se siddhasena aura mallavAdI ke pazcAt inhIM kA krama AtA hai, kyoMki ye mallavAdI ke dvAdazAranayacakra ke TIkAkAra bhI haiN| pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI pazcAt se jaina AcAryoM ne bauddha tattvamImAMsA aura pramANamImAMsA kI samIkSA kI, isa krama meM yahA~ hama pramukha rUpa se unhIM AcAryoM kA ullekha kareMge jinhoMne na kevala jaina pramANazAstra ke vikAsa meM apanA avadAna diyA hai apitu pramANazAstrIya bauddha maMtavyoM kI samIkSA bhI kI hai athavA unake pramANazAstrIya maMtavyoM kI samIkSA bauddha AcAryoM ne kii| siddhasena, mallavAdI aura siMhasUri ke pazcAt AcArya sumati (lagabhaga 7vIM zatI) hue haiM, ye jainadharma ko yApanIya paramparA ke AcArya rahe haiN| durbhAgya se Aja unakI koI bhI kRti upalabdha nahIM hotI hai, kiMtu bauddha dArzanika zAMtarakSita (AThavIM zatI) ne apane graMtha tattvasaMgraha meM sumati ke nAmollekhapUrvaka unake pramANazAstrIya maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kI hai| jJAtavya hai ki AcArya sumati ne zvetAmbara AcArya siddhasena ke sanmatitarka para eka vivRtti bhI racI thI jo Aja anupalabdha hai, isase lagatA hai ki AcArya sumati usa udAra yApanIya paramparA ke AcArya rahe haiM, jo Aja lupta ho cukI hai| isIkAla ke arthAt sAtavIM-AThavIM zatI ke anya jaina naiyAyika pAtrakesarI haiN| inakI prasiddha racanA trilakSaNakadarthana hai| isameM bauddhoM ke trairUpya hetu kA

Page #10
bauddha aura jaina pramANamImAMsA - eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 5 vistAra se khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ bauddha dArzanika zAMtarakSita ne apane tattvasaMgraha (136) meM inake graMtha se eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai, vahIM akalaMka Adi jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI pAtrakesarI ke trilakSaNakadarthana ke zlokoM ko uddhata karake bauddhoM ke trirUpahet kA khaNDana kiyA hai| lagabhaga isI kAla meM zvetAmbara jaina paramparA meM AcArya haribhadrasUri (AThavIM zatI) hue haiN| haribhadrasUri ne zAstravArtAsamuccaya aura SaTdarzanasamuccaya jaise granthoM meM bauddha paramparA ke maMtavyoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| kintu ve eka samanvayavAdI AcArya rahe haiN| ata: unhoMne anya darzanoM ke khaNDana kI apekSA unakI dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kI jaina darzana ke sAtha saMgati kaise saMbhava hai, yahI dikhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| unhoMne bauddhapramANamImAMsA kI samIkSA nahIM kI, kiMtu jaisA hama pUrva meM ullekha kara cuke haiM, unhoMne diGnAga ke nyAyapraveza kI TIkA avazya racI hai| jaina pramANazAstra ke vyavasthita prastutIkaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha bauddha pramANazAstra kI tArkika samIkSA karane vAle AcAryoM meM bhaTTa akalaMka (IsvI 720 se 780) kA sthAna prathama hai| unhoMne tattvArthavArtika ke atirikta laghIyastraya, nyAyavinizcaya, siddhivinizcaya, pramANasaMgraha Adi aneka graMtha race haiM, jinameM jahA~ eka ora jaina pramANamImAMsA kA suvyavasthita prastutIkaraNa hai, vahIM dUsarI ora anya darzanoM ke sAthasAtha bauddha pramANamImAMsA ke pramANalakSaNa, nirvikalpapratyakSa, apohavAda, zabdArthasaMbaMdha, hetu kI trirUpatA Adi kA khaNDana tathA smRti, pratyabhijJA evaM tarka ke prAmANya kA sthApana tathA unako pramANa na mAnane saMbaMdhI bauddhoM ke tarkoM kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| akalaMka ke pazcAt vidyAnanda (9vIM zatI) ke zlokavArtika, pramANaparIkSA Adi granthoM meM bhI pramANa saMbaMdhI bauddha maMtavyoM kI spaSTa samIkSA kI gaI hai| jahA~ akalaMka ke graMthoM meM bauddha maMtavyoM kI samIkSA hetu diGnAga aura dharmakIrti ke graMtha hI AdhAra rahe haiM, vahA~ vidyAnanda ne diGnAga aura dharmakIrti ke atirikta prajJAkaragupta ke maMtavyoM kA bhI yuktisaMgata khaNDana kiyA hai| vidyAnanda ke pazcAt jaina pramANazAstra ke eka pramukha AcArya anantavIrya hue haiM, inakA kAla dasavIM zatI hai| inhoMne akalaMka ke do graMthoM siddhivinizcaya aura pramANasaMgraha para vyAkhyA likhI hai| inameM diGnAga evaM dharmakIrti ke atirikta dharmottara, arcaTa, prajJAkaragupta, zAMtarakSita aura kamalazIla jaise bauddha dArzanikoM ko na kevala uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, apitu unake maMtavyoM kI samIkSA bhI kI gaI hai| anantavIrya ke pazcAt jaina nyAya ke kSetra meM tattvabodhavidhAyanI nAmaka sanmatitarka kI TIkA ke kartA abhayadevasUri (11vIM zatI), prameyakamalamArtaNDa aura nyAyakumudacandra ke racanAkAra prabhAcandra (11vIM zatI), pramANanayatattvAloka aura usakI svopajJa TIkA syAdvAdaratnAkara ke kartA vAdIdevasUri (12vIM zatI) tathA usI grantha kI ratnAkarAvatArikA nAmaka TIkA ke racanAkAra AcArya ratnaprabha aura pramANamImAMsA ke kartA AcArya hemacandra (12vIM zatI) Adi jainapramANazAstra ke

Page #11
zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 / julAI-sitambara 2004 prabuddha AcArya hue haiN| ina sabhI ne diGnAga, dharmakIrti, dharmottara, arcaTa, prajJAkaragupta, zAMtarakSita, kamalazIla Adi bauddha AcAryoM aura unake granthoM kA na kevala ullekha kiyA hai apitu unake granthoM se unake maMtavyoM ko uddhRta kara unakI samIkSA bhI kI hai| inake pazcAt bhI jaina nyAya kI yaha paramparA yazovijaya, vimaladAsa Adi ke kAla taka arthAt lagabhaga 18vIM zatI taka calatI rahI aura jaina AcArya bauddha mantavyoM ko pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM rakhakara unakI samIkSA karate rhe| yahI nahIM, bIsavIM zatI meM bhI paM0 sukhalAlajI, paM0 dalasukha bhAI, DaoN0 nathamalajI TATiyA, muni jambUvijayajI Adi jaina vidvAn bauddha pramANazAstra ke jJAtA rahe haiN| muni jambUvijayajI ne to tibbatI sIkhakara dvAdazAranayacakra jaise prAcIna truTitagraMtha kA punaH saMrakSaNa kiyA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki 5vIM zatI se lekara 20vIM zatI taka aneka jaina AcArya bauddha pramANazAstra ke jJAtA aura samIkSaka rahe haiM, kintu bauddha nyAya kA vikAsa bhArata meM lagabhaga 11vIM - 12vIM zatI ke bAda avaruddha ho gyaa| pramANalakSaNa : bauddhadarzana meM pramANalakSaNa ke nirUpaNa ke saMbaMdha meM tIna dRSTikoNa upalabdha hote haiM- sarvaprathama diGnAga ne apane grantha pramANasamuccaya meM smRti, icchA, dveSa Adi ko pUrva adhigata viSaya kA jJAna karAne vAlA hone se pramANa kA viSaya nahIM mAnA hai isI AdhAra para diGnAga ke TIkAkAra jinendrabuddhi ne pramANasamuccaya kI TIkA meM pramANa ko ajJAta artha kA jJApaka kahA hai| unake pazcAt AcArya dharmakIrti ne pramANa kI paribhASA dete hue "pramANa" avisaMvAdIjJAnam kahakara pramANa ko avisaMvAdI jJAna kahA hai| yadyapi unhoMne pramANa kI yaha svataMtra paribhASA dI hai, kintu unhoMne "ajJAtArthaprakAzakovA" kahakara diGnAga kI pramANa kI pUrva paribhASA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| bauddha paramparA meM pramANalakSaNa ke saMbaMdha meM tIsarA dRSTikoNa 'arthasArUpyasya pramANam' ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / kintu prastuta prasaMga meM hamArA vivecana dharmakIrti taka sImita hai| ataH hama prathama evaM dvitIya pramANalakSaNa kI hI jaina dRSTi se samIkSA kareMge, kyoMki ye donoM lakSaNa dharmakIrti ko bhI mAnya haiN| unake dvArA tRtIya lakSaNa vastutaH pramANaphala ke rUpa meM vivecita hai| dharmakIrti kA kathana hai ki jJAna kA artha ke sAtha jo sArUpa yA sAdRzya hai vahI pramANa hai| jahA~ taka anAdhigata yA ajJAta artha ke jJApaka jJAna ko pramANa mAnane kA prazna hai, mImAMsaka aura bauddha donoM hI isa saMbaMdha meM ekamata pratIta hote haiN| jaina AcAryoM meM akalaMka (8 vIM zatI), mANikyanaMdI Adi kucha digambara vidvAnoM ne bhI pramANa ko apUrva artha kA jJApaka mAnA thA, kintu kAlAMtara meM jaina dArzanikoM ko pramANa ke isa lakSaNa ko svIkAra karane meM tArkika asaMgati pratIta huI, kyoMki svayaM akalaMka smRti aura pratyabhijJAna ko parokSa pramANa ke bheda ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai aura ye donoM hI adhigata jJAna haiM, apUrva jJAna nahIM, isalie Age calakara vidyAnanda ne :

Page #12
bauddha aura jaina pramANamImAMsA eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana zlokavArtika meM, vAdIdevasUri ne syAdvAdaratnAkara meM tathA hemacandra ne pramANamImAMsA meM pramANalakSaNa nirUpaNa meM use apUrva artha kA grAhaka honA Avazyaka nahIM maanaa| mAtra yahI nahIM, ina AcAryoM ne apanI kRtiyoM meM isakI vistRta samIkSA bhI kI hai| pramANamImAMsA meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA hai ki grahISyamAnajJAna kI bhA~ti grahItAgrAhI jJAna bhI pramANa hai (1/1/4) / jahA~ taka dharmakIrti ke dvArA avisaMvAdI jJAna ko hI pramANa lakSaNa svIkAra karane kA prazna hai jaina dArzanikoM kA isase sAMvyavahArika stara para koI vizeSa virodha nahIM rahA hai, kyoMki akalaMka Adi ne to ise pramANalakSaNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA bhI hai| bauddha pramANazAstra meM dharmakIrti kA yaha pramANalakSaNa hI sarvAdhika mAnya rahA hai| yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki dharmakIrti ne avisaMvAditA kA tAtparya, artha aura jJAna meM sArUpya yA abhrAntatA na mAnakara arthakriyAsthiti ko svIkAra kiyaa| pramANavArtika (1/3) meM ve spaSTa rUpa se likhate haiM ki "arthakriyA kI sthiti hI avisaMvAditA" hai / punaH arthakriyA kI sthiti kA bhI arthaprApaNa kI yogyatA ke rUpa meM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| bauddha paramparA meM dharmakIrti ke TIkAkAra dharmottara ne isakI vistRta vivecanA bhI kI hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki diGnAga aura dharmakIrti ne apane pramANa lakSaNa kI vivecanA meM jaina dRSTikoNa ko na to pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai aura na hI usakI samIkSA kI hai| jabaki jaina dArzanikoM ne diGnAga aura dharmakIrti donoM kI hI pramANa saMbaMdhI avadhAraNA ko apanI samIkSA kA viSaya banAyA hai| yadyapi yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki dharmakIrti ke pUrvavartI jaina dArzanikoM meM siddhasena divAkara aura mallavAdI ne pramANalakSaNa kI carcA meM diGnAga kI mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA kI hai / yadyapi siddhasena divAkara spaSTa nAmollekhapUrvaka diGnAga ke pramANalakSaNa kI samIkSA nahIM karate haiN| apane pramANalakSaNa kI carcA meM unhoMne use sva aura para kA AbhAsaka tathA bAdhavivarjita jJAna kahA hai (pramANaMsvaparAbhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam, nyAyAvatAra 1 ) / : siddhasena dvArA pratipAdita isa pramANalakSaNa meM naiyAyikoM ke samAna jJAna ke kAraNa (hetuoM) ko pramANa na kahakara jJAna ko hI pramANa kahA gayA hai| jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnane ke saMbaMdha meM jaina aura bauddha dArzanikoM meM kisI prakAra kA vaimatya nahIM hai / jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM saMketa kiyA hai ki siddhasena divAkara spaSTa rUpa se to apane graMtha meM bauddhoM kA nAma lekara unakA khaNDana nahIM karate haiM, kintu pramANalakSaNa kI unakI yaha paribhASA eka ora jJAnAdvaitavAdI bauddhavijJAnavAda (yogAcAra) kA, dUsarI ora bAhyArthavAdI mImAMsakoM aura naiyAyikoM kI aikAMtika mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana kara unameM samanvaya karatI hai| jJAnAdvaitavAdI bauddhavijJAnavAda arthAt yogAcAradarzana bAhyArtha kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai, isalie unake anusAra pramANa (jJAna) svaprakAzaka hai|

Page #13
zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 / julAI-sitambara 2004 dUsare zabdoM meM jJAna apane ko hI jAnatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM meM siddhasena ke pazcAt akalaMka, vidyAnanda, vAdidevasUri, hemacandra Adi sabhI apane pramANa saMbaMdhI granthoM meM bAhyArtha kA niSedha karane vAle yA yaha mAnane vAle ki jJAna kevala sva prakAzaka hai, vijJAnavAdI bauddhoM kA vistAra se khaNDana karate haiN| unakI samIkSA kA sAra yaha hai ki jJAna se bhinna jJeya rUpa bAhyArtha kA abhAva mAnane para svayaM jJAna ke abhAva kA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| kyoMki jJAnajJeya ke abhAva meM saMbhava nahIM hai, isake virodha meM bauddhoM kA uttara yaha hai ki svapna Adi meM artha ke abhAva meM jJAna hotA hai| kintu unakA yaha kathana sArthaka nahIM hai| prathama to yaha ki sabhI jJAna artha ke binA hote haiM yaha mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, dUsare yaha ki svapna meM jina vastuoM kA anubhava hotA hai, ve usake pUrva yathArtha rUpa se anubhUta hotI hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki siddhasena divAkara ne apane pramANalakSaNa kI carcA meM use apUrva artha kA grAhaka athavA anadhigatajJAna nahIM mAnA hai| 8 : jahA~ taka dharmakIrti dvArA pramANa ko avisaMvAdaka mAnane kA prazna hai jaina paraMparA meM siddhasena divAkara ne bhI nyAyAvatAra meM pramANa ko bAdhavivarjita kahA hai / yadyapi bAdhavivarjita aura avisaMvAdI meM AMzika samAnatA aura AMzika antara hai, isakI carcA Age kI gaI hai| jaina darzana meM akalaMka eka aise AcArya haiM jinhoMne aSTasahastrI meM pramANalakSaNa kA nirUpaNa karate hue pramANa ko avisaMvAdI evaM anadhigata artha kA jJAna mAnA hai (pramANamavisaMvAdijJAnamanadhigatArthAdhigamalakSaNatvAt aSTazatI, aSTasahastrI, pR0 175) / yahA~ hama dekhate haiM ki akalaMka ne bauddha dArzanikoM meM diGnAga aura dharmakIrti donoM ke pramANalakSaNa ko samanvita kara apanA pramANalakSaNa hai / yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki svayaM dharmakIrti ne bhI pramANalakSaNa meM avisaMvAditA ke sAtha-sAtha anadhigatatA ko svIkAra kiyA thaa| isa prakAra pramANalakSaNa ke nirUpaNa bauddhAcArya dharmakIrti aura jainAcArya akalaMka donoM kA mantavya samAna hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kucha vidvAn spaSTa rUpa se yaha mAnate haiM ki akalaMka ne jo pramANalakSaNa nirUpita kiyA hai, vaha bauddhoM se aura vizeSa rUpa se dharmakIrti se prabhAvita hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki akalaMka (8vIM zatI) aura dharmakIrti (7vIM zatI) meM lagabhaga eka zatI kA aMtara hai| ata: unake cintana para dharmakIrti kA prabhAva parilakSita honA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai kintu Azcaryajanaka tathya to yaha hai ki jainanyAya ke pramukha vidvAn akalaMka jahA~ eka ora tattvArthavArtika meM pramANa ko anAdhigata jJAna mAnane kA khaNDana karate haiM, vahIM aSTazatI meM ve usakA samarthana karate hue pratIta hote haiN| isa saMdarbha meM jaina aura bauddha nyAya ke yuvA vidvAn DaoN0 dharmacandra jaina kA yaha kathana yukti saMgata hai ki kSaNikavAdI evaM pramANaviplavavAdI bauddhoM kI tattvamImAMsA va pramANamImAMsA meM anAdhigata artha ke grAhaka jJAna kA pramANa honA upayukta ho sakatA hai, kintu nityAnityavAdI evaM pramANasaMplavavAdI jaina dArzanikoM ke mata meM nahIM (bauddha pramANamImAMsA kI jainadRSTi se samIkSA, pR0 79) /

Page #14
bauddha aura jaina pramANamImAMsA - eka tulanAtma adhyayana : 9 jainanyAya meM anAdhigata arthAt agRhIta-grAhI jJAna yA apUrvajJAna ko pramANalakSaNa meM sarvaprathama sthAna akalaMka ne hI diyA thA, usake pazcAt mANikyanaMdI Adi aneka digambara jaina dArzanika pramANalakSaNa meM apUrva yA anAdhigata zabda kA prayoga karate rahe haiM, kintu akalaMka ke nikaTaparavartI vidyAnanda (lagabhaga 9vIM zatI) ne tattvArthazlokavArtika meM spaSTa rUpa se apUrva yA anAdhigata vizeSaNa ko pramANalakSaNa meM vyartha mAnA hai (tattvArthazlokavArtika 1/10/77) / unake pazcAt prabhAcandra (dasavIM zatI) ne apUrva yA anAdhigata artha ke grAhI jJAna ko pramANalakSaNa nirUpaNa meM ekAMtarUpa se avyartha to nahIM kahA, lekina itanA avazya kahA hai ki pramANa kathaMcit hI apUrva artha kA grAhI hotA hai, kintu sarvathA apUrva kA grAhI nahIM hotaa| ___ jahA~ taka dharmakIrti ke pramANa ke avisaMvAdaka lakSaNa kA prazna hai, yadyapi siddhasena divAkara ne bAdhavivarjita kahakara kisI artha meM use svIkAra kiyA hai, kintu bAdhavivarjita evaM avisaMvAdakatA donoM eka nahIM haiN| bAdhavivarjita hone kA artha hai svataH evaM anya kisI pramANa kA virodhI yA avisaMvAdI nahIM honA hai, jabaki avisaMvAditA kA sAmAnya artha hai jJAna aura jJeya meM sArUpya yA sNgti| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA hai ki jaina dArzanika akalaMka ne dharmakIrti ke isa avisaMvAdakatA nAmaka pramANa lakSaNa ko svIkAra kiyA hai| unake paravartI mANikyanandI Adi anya digambara jaina AcAryoM ne bhI usakA samarthana kiyA, kintu digambara vidvAn vidyAnaMda tathA zvetAmbara vidvAn siddharSi (9vIM zatI) ne pramANa ke avisaMvAditA nAmaka lakSaNa kA khaNDana kiyA hai| vidyAnanda kA kahanA hai ki bauddhoM ne svasaMvedanA, indriya, mAnasa evaM yogaja aise cAra prakAra ke pratyakSa mAne haiM, kintu bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti ke anusAra ye pratyakSa nirvikalpaka hI hote haiN| nirvikalpaka hone se vyavasAyAtmaka (nizcayAtmaka) nahIM ho sakate aura jo vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hai, vaha svaviSaya kA upadarzaka bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai aura jo svaviSaya kA upadarzaka nahIM ho sakatA hai vaha artha kA prApaka bhI nahIM ho sakatA hai aura jo artha kA prApaka hI nahIM hai, vaha artha se avisaMvAdaka kaise ho sakatA hai? isa prakAra vidyAnanda dharmakIrti kI pratyakSapramANa kI avisaMvAdakatA kA khaNDana kara dete haiN| ___ anumAna ke saMdarbha meM bhI vidyAnanda likhate haiM ki bauddhoM ke anusAra anumAna bhrAnta hai aura yadi anumAna bhrAnta hai to phira vaha avisaMvAdaka kaise ho sakatA hai? dUsare anumAna kA Alambana sAmAnya hai aura bauddha paramparA ke anusAra sAmAnya, mithyA yA avAstavika hai| sAmAnya ke Alambana ke binA anumAna saMbhava hI nahIM hai, ata: usake avisaMvAdaka hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA hai| isa prakAra vidyAnanda dharmakIrti ke pramANa ke avisaMvAdaka nAmaka lakSaNa kA unheM mAnya pratyakSa aura anumAna donoM hI pramANoM se khaNDana kara dete haiN| vidyAnanda kA kahanA hai ki bauddha pramANavyavasthA meM pramANa kA

Page #15
10 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 avisaMvAdaka nAmaka lakSaNa ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA hai| dharmakIrti ke pramANa ke avisaMvAdaka lakSaNa kA khaNDana jaina dArzanika vidyAnanda ke atirikta abhayadevasUri ne apanI sanmatitarkaprakaraNa kI tattvabodhAyanITIkA meM, siddharSi ne nyAyAvatAra kI vivRtti meM, prabhAcandra ne prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM, vAdidevasUri ne pramANanayatattvAloka kI svopajJavRtti syAdvAdaratnAkara meM tathA hemacandra ne pramANamImAMsA kI svopajJaTIkA meM isakA khaNDana kiyA hai| vistAra bhaya se yahA~ usa samasta carcA meM jAnA saMbhava nahIM hai| jJAtavya hai ki jaina dArzanikoM ne dharmakIrti ke pramANalakSaNa meM avisaMvAdakatA kA jo khaNDana kiyA hai vaha bauddhoM kI pAramArthika dRSTi ke AdhAra para hI kiyA hai| jainoM kA kathana hai ki avisaMvAditA nAmaka pramANalakSaNa pAramArthikadRSTi se ghaTita honA cAhie, tabhI avisaMvAdaka jJAna ko pramANa kA sAmAnya lakSaNa svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu yaha bhI satya hai ki dharmakIrti Adibauddha dArzanika pramANa ke avisaMvAditA nAmaka lakSaNa ko sAMvyahArika dRSTi se hI ghaTita karate haiM, pAramArthika dRSTi se nahIM, kyoMki bauddha dArzanika pramANavyavasthA ko sAMvyavahArika AdhAra para hI mAnya karate haiM, paramArthika dRSTi se to unake yahA~ pramANa-prameya vyavasthA banatI hI nahIM hai| pramANoM ke prakAra :___jaina darzana meM pramANoM kI saMkhyA meM kAlakrama meM parivartana hotA rahA hai| ardhamAgadhI jaina AgamoM meM bhagavatIsUtra evaM anuyogadvArasUtra meM pratyakSa, anumAna, aupamya aura Agama aise cAra pramANa pratipAdita kiye gae haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra meM inhIM cAra pramANoM ko hetu zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isI sUtra meM anyatra vyavasAya zabda se abhihita karate hue pramANoM ke tIna bheda batAe gae haiM - 1. pratyakSa, 2. prAtyayika aura 3. anugaamii| isa prakAra jaina AgamoM meM kahIM cAra aura kahIM tIna pramANoM ke ullekha milate haiN| AgamoM meM jina cAra yA tIna pramANoM kA ullekha huA hai ve kramaza: nyAyadarzana evaM sAMkhyadarzana ko bhI mAnya rahe haiN| cAhe ina pramANoM ke svarUpa evaM bheda-prabheda vivecanAoM meM aMtara ho, kintu nAmoM ke saMdarbha meM koI matabheda nahIM hai| pratyakSa pramANa ke bhedoM ke saMbaMdha meM jainoM ne nyAyadarzana kA anukaraNa na karake apanI hI dRSTi se carcA kI hai aura vahA~ pratyakSa ke "kevala" aura "no kevala' aise do vibhAga kie gae haiN| yahI donoM vibhAga paravartI jaina nyAya ke graMthoM meM bhI sakala pratyakSa aura vikala pratyakSa ke rUpa meM upalabdha hote haiN| anuyogadvArasUtra meM indriyajJAna ko pratyakSa mAnakara usake indriya pratyakSa aura noindriya pratyakSa arthAt mAnasa pratyakSa aise do bheda kie haiN| isa prakAra pratyakSa pramANa kA ullekha hote hue bhI usake bheda-prabheda kI apekSA se jaina darzana aura nyAya darzana meM matabheda hai|

Page #16
bauddha aura jaina pramANamImAMsA - eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 11 yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jaina AgamoM meM pramANa ke jo cAra bheda kie gae haiM ve hI cAra bheda bauddha graMtha upAyahRdaya meM bhI milate haiN| (atha katividhaM caturvidhaM prmaannm| pratyakSamanumAnamupamAnamAgamazceti - upAyahRdaya, pR0 13) upAyahRdaya ko yadyapi cInI srota nAgArjuna kI racanA mAnate hai, kiMtu jahA~ nAgArjuna vaidalyasUtra meM evaM vigrahavyAvartanI meM pramANa evaM prameya kA khaNDana karate haiM, vahA~ upAyahRdaya meM ve unakA maNDana kareM, yaha saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotA, phira bhI yaha graMtha bauddha nyAya kA prAcIna graMtha hone ke sAtha-sAtha nyAyadarzana aura jainoM kI Agamika pramANa vyavasthA kA anusaraNa karatA pratIta hotA hai| yahA~ eka vizeSa mahatvapUrNa tathya yaha bhI hai ki jainagrantha anuyogadvArasUtra, bauddhagrantha upAyahRdaya, nyAyadarzana aura sAMkhyadarzana meM anumAna pramANa ke pUrvavat, zeSavat aura dRSTasAdharmyavat - aise tIna bheda bhI samAna rUpa se upalabdha hote haiN| yahIM jJAtavya hai ki, bauddhagrantha upAyahRdaya, nyAyasUtra aura sAMkhyadarzana meM dRSTasAdharmyavat ke sthAna para 'sAmAnyatodRSTa' zabda kA ullekha huA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki, bhAratIya nyAyazAstra ke prArambhika vikAsa ke kAla meM jaina, bauddha, nyAya evaM sAMkhya darzana meM kucha ekarUpatA thI, jo kAlAMtara meM nahIM rhii| pramANa saMkhyA ko lekara jahA~ jaina paramparA meM kAlakrama meM aneka parivartana hue haiM vahA~ bauddha paramparA meM upAyahRdaya ke pazcAt eka sthiratA parilakSita hotI hai| upAyahRdaya ke pazcAt diGnAga se lekara paravartI sabhI bauddha AcAryoM ne pratyakSa aura anumAna aise do hI pramANa mAne haiN| pramANoM kI saMkhyA ko lekara jaina paramparA meM hameM tIna prakAra kI avadhAraNAeM milatI haiN| sarvaprathama Agama yuga meM jaina paramparA meM cAra pramANa svIkAra kie gae the| usake pazcAt tattvArthasUtra (2rI-3rI zatI) meM pramANa ke pratyakSa evaM parokSa aise do bheda kiye gye| siddhasena divAkara (cauthI zatI) ne apane nyAyAvatAra meM Agamika yuga ke aupamya ko alaga karake tIna pramANa hI svIkAra kie| tattvArthasatra meM pAMca jJAnoM ko pramANa kahakara mati aura zruta jJAna ko parokSa pramANa ke rUpa meM tathA avadhi, mana:paryaya aura kevala jJAna ko pratyakSa pramANa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA thaa| umAsvAti kA pramANavAda vastutaH Agamika paMca jJAnavAda se prabhAvita hai| jabaki siddhasena kI pramANa vyavasthA AgAmika evaM anya darzanoM ke pramANavAda se prabhAvita hai| siddhasena ke pazcAt aura akalaMka ke pUrva taka haribhadra Adi jaina AcArya pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama ye tIna pramANa hI mAnate rahe, kintu lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI meM akalaMka ne sarvaprathama smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ko pramANa mAnakara jaina darzana meM pramANoM kI saMkhyA cha: nirdhArita kii| akalaMka ne apane graMthoM meM smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ko svataMtra pramANa siddha karane ke lie aneka tarka bhI prastuta kie haiM, unake pazcAta siddharSi, vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra, vAdidevasUri, hemacandra Adi jaina AcAryoM ne apanI-apanI kRtiyoM

Page #17
12 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 meM vistAra se smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka kA svataMtra pramANya sthApita kiyA hai| vistArabhaya se yahA~ una tarkoM ko prastuta karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| phira bhI yaha jJAtavya hai ki akalaMka, vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra, vAdidevasUri Adi ne bauddhAcAryoM dvArA smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ko pramANa nahIM mAnane kA aneka yuktiyoM se khaNDana kiyA hai| __ jahA~ taka Agama pramANa kA prazna hai, bauddha vaizeSikoM ke samAna hI isakA aMtarbhAva anumAna pramANa meM karate haiN| jabaki jaina use svatantra pramANa mAnate haiN| kintu yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki, jaina dArzanikoM ke samAna hI dharmakIrti bhI zabda ko pauruSeya mAnate haiN| phira bhI ve use svataMtra pramANa nahIM maante| jabaki jaina dArzanika akalaMka, prabhAcandra, vAdidevasUri, hemacandra Adi ne Agama ko svataMtra pramANa mAnane ke saMdarbha meM aneka yuktiyA~ dI haiM, sAtha hI bauddhoM dvArA Agama ko anumAna meM samAhita karane ke dRSTikoNa kI vistRta samIkSA bhI kI hai| jaina dArzanikoM kA yaha vaiziSTya hai ki unhoMne smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka, anumAna aura Agama kA parokSapramANa meM antarbhAva karake bhI pratyeka ko svataMtra rUpa se pramANa mAnA hai| sampUrNa bhAratIya darzanoM meM smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ko svataMtra rUpa se pramANa kA sthAna denA kevala jainadarzana kA hI vaiziSTya hai| anya darzanoM ne inakI upayogitA ko to svIkAra kiyA, kintu unheM svataMtra pramANa hone kA gaurava nahIM diyaa| prameya kA svarUpa evaM samIkSA : jahA~ taka prameya kA prazna hai, jaina darzana meM utpAdavyayaghrauvyalakSaNayukta sAmAnya, vizeSAtmaka aura dravyaparyAyAtmaka vastutattva yA artha ko hI samasta pramANoM kA viSaya mAnA hai| jaina dArzanika bauddha dArzanikoM ke samAna alaga-alaga pramANoM ke lie alagaalaga prameyoM kI vyavasthA nahIM karate haiN| vastutaH jahA~ bauddha pramANavyavasthAvAdI haiM vahA~ jaina pramANasaMplavavAdI haiN| bauddha darzana meM prameya do haiM - 1. svalakSaNa aura 2. sAmAnya lkssnn| puna: unake anusAra pratyakSa pramANa kA viSaya svalakSaNa artha arthAt paramArthasat hai aura anumAna pramANa kA viSaya sAmAnyalakSaNa yA saMvRttisat hai| yadyapi bauddha dArzanika dharmakIrti svalakSaNa ko hI eka mAtra prameya mAnate haiM, kyoMki usI meM arthakriyAsAmarthya hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne dharmakIrti ke darzana ko vijJAnadvaitavAda mAnA hai, vijJAnadvaitavAdI hone ke kAraNa dharmakIrti ke mata meM paramArthasat to eka hI haiM ata: prameya bhI bhinna-bhinna nahIM ho sakate, yadi sAmAnyalakSaNa ko prameya kahA jAyegA to vaha to kAlpanika aura avastu rUpa hai, vaha prameya nahIM ho sakatA hai| puna: jaina dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai prameya yA artha jaba bhI pratibhAsita hotA hai, vaha sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka yA dravyaparyAyAtmaka hI hotA hai| dravya se rahita paryAya aura paryAya se rahita dravya kI anubhUti nahIM hai, usI prakAra sAmAnya se rahita vizeSa aura vizeSa se rahita sAmAnya

Page #18
bauddha aura jaina pramANamImAMsA - eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 13 kI bhI kahIM anubhUti nahIM hai| vyaSTi meM samaSTi aura samaSTi meM vyaSTi anusyUta haiM, ataH bauddha dArzanikoM kA sAmAnyalakSaNa prameya nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vaha vastusat yA svalakSaNa nahIM hai| punaH akalaMka kA kahanA hai ki mAtra svalakSaNa bhI prameya nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki usakA bhI alaga se kahIM bodha nahIM hotA hai aura na vaha abhidheya hotA hai| ata: pramANa kA viSaya yA prameya to sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka yA dravyaparyAyAtmaka vastu hI haiN| puna: bauddhoM ne jise svalakSaNa kahA use yA to kSaNika mAnanA hogA yA nitya mAnanA hogA, kintu ekAMta kSaNika aura ekAMta nitya meM bhI arthakriyA sambhava nahIM haiM, jabaki svalakSaNa ko arthakriyA meM samartha honA cAhie, ataH jaina dArzanikoM kA kathana hai ki nityAnitya yA utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka vastu hI prameya ho sakatI hai| yahA~ jJAtavya hai ki bauddha dArzanika bhI paramatattva, paramArtha yA svalakSaNa ko na to nitya mAnate haiM aura na anitya mAnate haiN| jaina aura bauddha darzana meM mAtra antara yaha hai ki jahA~ jaina darzana vidhimukha se use nityAnitya, sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka yA dravyaparyAyAtmaka kahatA hai, vahA~ bauddha darzana usake saMbaMdha meM niSedhamukha se yaha kahatA hai ki vaha sAmAnya bhI nahIM haiM, vizeSa bhI nahIM hai, zAzvata bhI nahI hai, vinAzazIla bhI nahIM hai aadi| prameya ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM donoM meM jo antara hai vaha pratipAdana kI vidhimukha aura niSedhamukha zailI kA hai| isa prakAra donoM darzanoM meM pramANa aura prameya ke svarUpa ke saMbaMdha meM kvacit samAnatAe~ aura kvacit bhinnatAyeM haiN| upasaMhAra bauddha aura jaina pramANamImAMsA meM jo samAnatAe~ aura asamAnatAe~ parilakSita hotI haiM, unakA saMkSipta ullekha Avazyaka hai - 1. jaina aura bauddha darzana donoM hI do pramANa mAnate haiM, kintu jahAM jainadarzana pramANa ke isa dvividha meM pratyakSa aura parokSa aise do pramANoM kA ullekha karatA hai, vahA~ bauddha darzana pratyakSa aura anumAna aise do pramANa svIkAra karatA hai| isa prakAra pramANa ke dvividhavargIkaraNa ke saMbaMdha meM ekamata hote hue bhI unake nAma aura svarUpa ko lekara donoM meM matabheda hai| donoM darzanoM meM pratyakSa pramANa to samAna rUpa se svIkRta haiM, kintu dUsare pramANa ke rUpa meM jahA~ bauddha anumAna kA ullekha karate haiM, vahA~ jaina parokSa pramANa kA ullekha karate haiM aura parokSa pramANa ke pA~ca bhedoM meM eka bheda anumAna pramANa mAnate haiM / pratyakSa ke atirikta parokSapramANa meM ve smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka, anumAna aura Agama ko bhI pramANa mAnate haiN| 2. bauddhadarzana meM svalakSaNa aura sAmAnyalakSaNa nAmaka do prameyoM ke lie do alagaalaga pramANoM kI vyavasthA kI gaI hai, kyoMki unake anusAra svalakSaNa kA nirNaya pratyakSa pramANa se hotA hai / kintu jaina darzana vastutattva ko sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka

Page #19
14 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 mAnakara yaha mAnatA hai ki jisa prameya ko kisI eka pramANa se jAnA jAtA hai use anya-anya pramANoM se bhI jAnA jA sakatA hai, arthAt sabhI prameya sabhI pramANoM ke viSaya ho sakate haiM, jaise agni ko pratyakSa aura anumAna donoM pramANoM se jAnA jA sakatA hai| isa AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne bauddhadarzana ko pramANavyavasthAvAdI aura jainadarzana ko pramANasaMplavavAdI kahA hai| 3. pramANalakSaNa ke saMbaMdha meM bhI donoM meM kucha samAnatAe~ aura kucha matabheda haiN| pramANa kI avisaMvAdakatA donoM ko mAnya hai, kintu avisaMvAdakatA ke tAtparya ko lekara donoM meM matabheda hai| jahA~ jainadarzana avisaMvAdakatA kA artha jJAna meM Atmagata saMgati aura jJAna aura usake viSaya (artha) meM vastugata saMgati aura usakA pramANoM se abAdhita honA mAnatA hai, vahIM bauddhadarzana avisaMvAdakatA kA saMbaMdha arthakriyA se jor3atA hai| bauddha darzana meM avisaMvAdakatA kA artha hai arthakriyAsthiti, , avaMcakatA aura arthpraapktaa| isa prakAra donoM darzanoM meM avisaMvAditA kA abhiprAya bhinna-bhinna hai| dUsare bauddhadarzana meM avisaMvAditA ko sAMvyavahArika stara para mAnA gayA hai jabaki jaina darzana kA kahanA hai ki avisaMvAditA pAramArthika stara para honA caahie| pramANa ke dUsare lakSaNa anadhigata artha kA grAhaka honA, akalaMka Adi kucha dArzanikoM ko to mAnya hai, kintu vidyAnanda Adi kucha jaina dArzanika ise pramANa kA Avazyaka lakSaNa nahIM mAnate haiN| 4. jaina aura bauddha donoM darzana isa saMbaMdha meM ekamata haiM ki pramANa jJAnAtmaka hai| ve jJAna ke kAraNa yA hetu (sAdhana) ko pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM, phira bhI jahA~ jaina dArzanika pramANa ko vyavasAyAtmaka mAnate haiM vahA~ bauddha dArzanika kama se kama pratyakSa pramANa ko to nirvikalpaka mAnakara vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM mAnate haiN| bauddha darzana meM jahA~ pratyakSa pramANa ko nirvikalpaka aura anumAna pramANa ko savikalpaka mAnA gayA hai vahA~ jaina darzana donoM hI pramANoM ko savikalpa mAnatA hai, kyoMki unake anusAra pramANa vyavasAyAtmaka yA nizcayAyAtmaka hI hotA hai| - unakA kahanA hai ki pramANa jJAna hai aura jJAna sadaiva sAmAnyavizeSaNAtmaka aura savikalpaka hI hotA hai| jJAtavya hai ki jaina paramparA meM darzana aura jJAna meM bheda kiyA gayA hai| yahAM darzana ko sAmAnya evaM nirvikalpaka aura jJAna ko vizeSa aura savikalpaka kahA gayA hai| bauddhoM kA nirvikalpaka pratyakSa vastuta: jainoM kA "darzana' hai| 6. jainadarzana meM siddhasena divAkara ne pratyakSa aura anumAna donoM ko hI abhrAnta mAnA hai, jabaki bauddhadarzana meM pratyakSa ko abhrAnta tathA anumAna ko bhrAnta kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra pratyakSa kI abhrAntatA to donoM ko svIkArya hai, kintu anumAna

Page #20
bauddha aura jaina pramANamImAMsA - eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana : 15 kI abhrAntatA ke saMbaMdha meM donoM meM vaimatya (matabheda) hai| jaina dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki jo bhrAnta ho, use pramANa kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai? 7. bauddhadarzana nirvikalpaka jJAna ko abhrAnta kahakara use pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai, jabaki jainadarzana nirvikalpaka jJAna ko, jise ve apanI pAribhASika zailI meM "darzana" kahate haiM, pramANa kI koTi meM svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| jainoM ke yahA~ darzana pramANa nahIM hai kyoMki vaha mAtra anubhUta hai, nirNIta nhiiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra pramANa vyavasAyAtmaka hone se savikalpaka hI hotA hai nirvikalpaka darzana arthAt bauddhoM kA nirvikalpaka pratyakSa pramANa nahIM ho sakatA hai| 8. pramANa kI paribhASA ko lekara bhI donoM meM kathaMcit matabheda dekhA jAtA hai| bauddha darzana meM pramANa ko sva kA prakAzaka mAnA gayA hai, para kA prakAzaka nhiiN| kyoMki unake yahA~ yogAcAra darzana meM artha arthAt pramANa kA viSaya (prameya) bhI vasturUpa na hokara jJAna rUpa hI hai| jabaki jaina darzana meM pramANa ko sva para arthAt apanA aura apane artha kA prakAzaka mAnA gayA hai| (svaparavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam) jainoM ke anusAra pramANa svayaM apane ko aura apane viSaya ko donoM ko hI jAnatA hai| jaina aura bauddha donoM hI darzana "pratyakSa" ko kalpanAjanya to nahIM mAnate haiM, kintu kalpanA rahita hone kA tAtparya hai vastusat arthAt vastugatasattA (Objective Reality) honA hai, jabaki bauddha darzana meM kalpanA rahita hone kA artha anubhUta sat yA AtmagatasattA (Subjective Reality) hai| 9. bauddha dArzanika anumAna ke do bheda karate haiM, svArtha aura praarth| jaina dArzanika bhI anumAna ke ina donoM bhedoM ko svIkAra karate haiM, kiMtu jainadArzanika siddhasena nyAyAvatAra meM pratyakSa ke bhI svArtha aura parArtha aise do bheda karate haiN| siddhasena divAkara ke atirikta kucha anya jaina AcAryoM jaise zAMtisUri evaM vAdidevasUri ne bhI ina bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 10.pratyakSapramANa ke svarUpa evaM bhedoM ko lekara bhI donoM meM matabheda dekhA jA sakatA hai| prathama to jaisA ki pUrva meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai jahA~ bauddha dArzanika pratyakSa ko kalpanA se rahita aura nirvikalpaka mAnate haiM vahA~ jaina dArzanika use savikalpaka kahate haiN| puna: bauddha dArzanika pratyakSa ke jainoM ke samAna sAMvyavahArika aura pAramArthika aise do bheda nahIM karate haiN| unake yahA~ pratyakSa ke cAra bheda haiM1. svasaMvedanA pratyakSa 2. indriya pratyakSa 3. mAnasa pratyakSa aura 4. yogaja prtykss| prathama to jahA~ jaina iMdriya pratyakSa aura mAnasa pratyakSa ko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahate haiM, vahA~ bauddha pratyakSa meM aisA koI vibhAjana nahIM krte| pUnaH jahA~ jaina darzana meM iMdriya aura mAnasa pratyakSa ke avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA-aise

Page #21
16 1. zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 / julAI-sitambara 2004 cAra bheda kie gae haiM vahA~ bauddha darzana meM aisA koI ullekha nahIM hai| bauddha darzana atIndriya pratyakSa ke rUpa meM yogaja pratyakSa ko rakhA gayA hai jabaki jaina darzana atIndriya jJAna yA pAramArthika pratyakSa ke rUpa meM avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna aura kevalajJAna ko rakhA gayA hai| jahA~ taka bauddha svasaMvedana kA prazna hai, jainoM ne use darzana kahA hai| isa prakAra pratyakSa ke svarUpa aura prakAroM ko lekara donoM meM matabheda hai| 11. punaH pratyakSa pramANa ke aMtargata indriya pratyakSa meM jahA~ bauddha dArzanika zrotendriya aura cakSu-indriya donoM ko aprApyakArI mAnate haiM, vahA~ jaina dArzanika kevala cakSuindriya ko hI aprApyakArI mAnate hai| jainoM ke anusAra zrotendriya zabda kA grahaNa indriya samparka hone ke AdhAra para hI karatI haiM, dUra se nahIM karatI hai| isa prakAra zrotendriya kI prApyakAritA ko lekara donoM meM matabheda hai| ratnaprabha kI ratnAkarAvatArikA meM aneka tarkoM ke AdhAra para zrotendriya ko prApyakArI siddha kiyA gayA hai| kintu cakSu - indriya ko donoM hI aprApyakArI mAnate haiN| 12. hetu ke lakSaNa ko lekara bhI donoM paramparAoM meM matabheda dekhA jA sakatA hai| jahA~ bauddha dArzanika trairUpya hetu arthAt pakSadharmattva, sapakSasattva, vipakSa-asattva kA pratipAdana karate haiM, vahA~ jaina dArzanika sAdhyasAdhana avinAbhAva arthAt anyathAnupalabdhi ko hI hetu kA ekamAtra lakSaNa batAte haiM / jaina dArzanika pAtrakesarI ne to etadartha trilakSaNakadarzana nAmaka svataMtra graMtha kI hI racanA kI thii| 13. anupalabdhi ko jahA~ bauddha dArzanika mAtra niSedhAtmaka yA abhAva rUpa mAnate haiM, vahA~ jaina dArzanika use vidhi-niSedha rUpa mAnate haiN| *

Page #22
- zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9|| jalAI-sitambara 2004 karma-sAhitya meM tIrthaGkara DaoN. dharmacanda jaina* jisa jIva ke nAmakarma kI tIrthaGkara nAmaka prakRti kA udaya rahatA hai, use tIrthaGkara kahA jAtA hai| tIrthaGkara kA yaha lakSaNa karma-siddhAnta ke anusAra hai| tIrthaGkara kI mahimA nirAlI hai| unake guNavarNana meM zakrastava jaise aneka stuti-pATha evaM stotra upalabdha haiN| Agama, purANa, mahAkAvya, itihAsa, stotra-sAhitya Adi meM tIrthaGkaroM ke svarUpa evaM mahattva kA pratipAdana huA hai| tIrthaGkara kevalajJAnI hote haiM, kintu sAmAnya kevalI evaM tIrthaGkaroM meM mahad antara hotA hai| tIrthaGkara aSTa mahAprAtihAryoM se yukta hote haiM, kintu kevalI nhiiN| tIrthaGkara nAmakarma ke vipAkodaya ke pUrva hI garbhastha bAlaka kI mAtA dvArA 14 svapna dekhanA, 64 indroM dvArA pUjA-bhakti karanA Adi aneka kAraNoM se tIrthaGkara kI mahimA vizeSa hai| tIrthaGkara 1008 lakSaNoM evaM 34 atizayoM se sampanna hote haiN| unakI vANI meM 35 viziSTa guNa mAne gae haiM, jabaki sAmAnya kevalI meM inakA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| tIrthaGkara lokahita kI bhAvanA se samasta jIvoM kI rakSA-dayA ke lie pravacana pharamAte haiN| tIrthaGkara kI mukhya vizeSatA hai ki ve sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha ke praNetA hote haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM arihanta ko tIrthaGkara kahA gayA hai| tIrthaGkara ke paMca kalyANaka mAnya haiM', sAmAnya kevalI ke nhiiN| tIrthaGkara prakRti kA itanA prabhAva hotA hai ki isake udaya se pUrva hI tIrthaGkara indroM ke pUjanIya bana jAte haiN| jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, antarAya evaM mohanIya ina cAra ghAtI karmoM kA kSaya karane kI dRSTi se tIrthaGkara evaM sAmAnya kevalI meM koI bheda nahIM hotA, kintu donoM ke atizaya meM bar3A bheda hai aura isakA kAraNa tIrthaGkara nAma prakRti hai| digambara grantha dhavalA TIkA meM kahA gayA hai - 'jassa kammassa udaeNa jIvassa tilogapUjA hodi taM titthayaraM nnaam|6 arthAt jisa karma ke udaya se jIva kI triloka meM pUjA hotI hai, vaha tIrthaGkara nAma karma hai| sarvArthasiddhi meM ise Arhantya kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| tIrtha kA eka artha dvAdazAMga, gaNipiTaka bhI kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki usake Alambana se saMsAra-samudra ko tairA jA sakatA hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM ullekha hai ki tIrthaGkara bhI tIrtha ko namaskAra karate haiM - nmstiirthaay| isase tIrtha kA mahattva udghATita hotA hai| tIrtha ke mahattva se tIrthaGkara kA mahattva svata: bar3hatA hai| tIrtha ke antargata zramaNa, zramaNI, zrAvaka aura zrAvikA rUpa caturvarNoM kI gaNanA hotI hai|10 * esozieTa prophesara, saMskRta vibhAga, jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura

Page #23
zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 / julAI-sitambara 2004 tIrthaGkara kI gaNanA 54 mahApuruSoM meM hotI hai / 54 mahApuruSa haiM - 24 tIrthaGkara, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva aura 9 vAsudeva / inameM 9 prativAsudevoM kI saMkhyA milAne para 63 zalAkApuruSa kahe gae haiN| 11 inameM tIrthaGkara ko chor3akara anya kisI mahApuruSa kI aisI karma-prakRti kA ullekha nahIM milatA jisake kAraNa unheM cakravartI, baladeva, vAsudeva yA prativAsudeva kahA jA ske| mAtra tIrthaGkara hI aise mahApuruSa yA zalAkApuruSa haiM jinako tIrthaGkara nAma karma - prakRti kA gaurava prApta hai| 18 : isa tIrthaGkara nAma karma ke AdhAra para cintana kiyA jAye, to Agama evaM karmaviSayaka-sAhitya meM tIrthaGkaroM ke sambandha meM aneka naye tathya udghATita hote haiN| jaba yaha nizcita hai ki tIrthaGkara nAmaka eka karmaprakRti kA udaya hone para hI koI kevalI tIrthaGkara banatA hai, to vaha karma-prakRti kisa prakAra ba~dhatI hai ? kauna se jIva bA~dhate haiM? udaya meM kaba AtI hai ? udIraNA kaba hotI hai aura sattA meM kahA~-kahA~ rahatI hai ? etadviSayaka cintana Avazyaka hai| jJAtAdharmakathAMgasUtra meM mallinAtha ke prakaraNa meM tIrthaGkara nAma gotra ke upArjana hetu 20 boloM kA nirUpaNa huA hai / 12 ve bIsa bola haiM - (1-7) arihanta, siddha, pravacana, guru, sthavira, bahuzruta, tapasvI ina sAtoM ke prati priyatA, bhakti yA vAtsalyatA kA honA (8) jJAna kA bArambAra upayoga karanA (9) darzana samyaktva kA vizuddhi honA (10) vinaya honA (11) Avazyaka kriyAe~ (sAmAyika Adi) karanA (12) zIlavratoM kA niraticAra pAlana karanA (13) kSaNa-lava pramANa kAla meM saMvega (tathA bhAvanA evaM dhyAna) kA sevana karanA (14) tapa karanA (15) tyAga - muniyoM ko dAna denA (16) apUrva arthAt navIna jJAna grahaNa karanA (17) samAdhi - guru Adi ko sAtA upajAnA (18) vaiyAvRttya karanA (19) zruta kI bhakti karanA aura (20) pravacana kI prabhAvanA krnaa| ye sabhI 20 bola samyagdarzanI manuSya meM sambhava haiN| jaba usameM nirmalatA AtI hai taba ina 20 kAraNoM yA inameM se kisI ke bhI bAra-bAra ArAdhana se tIrthaGkara prakRti kA upArjana ho sakatA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM tIrthaGkara nAma ke upArjana hetu 16 kAraNoM kA hI nirUpaNa hai| 13 ve 16 kAraNa haiM - (1) darzanavizuddhi (mokSamArga meM ruci) (2) vinaya sampannatA (3) zIla aura vratoM kA aticAra rahita pAlana (4) jJAna meM satata upayoga (5) satata saMvega (6) zakti ke anusAra tapa (8) sAdhuoM kI samAdhi meM yogadAna (9) vaiyAvRtta (10) arihanta bhakti (11) AcArya bhakti (12) bahuzruta (13) pravacana bhakti (14) Avazyaka kriyAoM meM saMlagnatA (15) mokSamArga (16) pravacana vaatsly| tattvArthasUtra meM nirUpita ina 16 kAraNoM ko pRthak-pRthak rUpeNa bhI samyagbhAvita kiyA jAye to tIrthaGkara prakRti kA upArjana sambhava hai| inheM tIrthaGkara prakRti ke Asrava kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai / 14 jJAtAdharmakathA meM tattvArthasUtra se cAra kAraNa

Page #24
karma-sAhitya meM tIrthaGkara : 19 adhika pratipAdita haiM, yathA-siddha, sthavira evaM tapasvI kI bhakti tathA naye jJAna kA grhnn| ina cAra kAraNoM ke atirikta nyUnAdhika rUpa se samAnatA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM jahA~ AcArya kI bhakti kA ullekha hai vahA~ jJAtAdharmakathA meM guru kI bhakti kA ullekha hai| donoM granthoM meM pratipAdita ye bola bhakti, zraddhA evaM mokSaruci vAle samyagdarzanI manuSya ko hI tIrthaGkara prakRti ke arjana kA pAtra mAnate haiN| Avazyakaniyukti meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki manuSyagati kA jIva zubha lezyA vAlA hokara ina bIsa boloM meM se kisI kA bhI sevana karatA hai to vaha tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kA upArjana karatA hai|15 karma-siddhAnta ke anusAra bhI jo samyagdarzana kI avasthA vAlA manuSya hai, vahI tIrthaGkara prakRti ke bandha kA prArambha karatA hai| avirata samyagdRSTi nAmaka caturtha guNasthAna se lekara anivRttibAdara nAmaka AThaveM guNasthAna ke chaThe bhAga taka tIrthaGkara prakRti (jinanAma) kA bandha hotA hai|16 isa prakRti kA udaya terahaveM sayogI kevalI evaM caudahaveM ayogI kevalI guNasthAna meM hotA hai| kevalajJAna kI prApti ke sAtha hI tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kA udaya prArambha ho jAtA hai, jo caudahaveM guNasthAna ke antima samaya taka rahatA hai| tIrthaGkara prakRti kI udIraNA honA bhI sambhava hai| yaha udIraNA mAtra 13veM guNasthAna meM hotI hai| sattA kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAye, to isa prakRti kI sattA prAya: cauthe guNasthAna se lekara caudahaveM guNasthAna taka rahatI hai,17 kintu eka apavAda ke rUpa meM baddhanarakAyu kI apekSA antarmuhUrta ke lie mithyAtva nAmaka prathama guNasthAna meM bhI tIrthaGkara prakRti kI sattA pAyI jAtI hai|18 prazna yaha hotA hai ki tIrthaGkara prakRti kisa prakAra ke samyagdarzana meM ba~dhanA prArambha hotI hai? samyagdarzana ke mukhyata: tIna prakAra haiM - kSAyopazamika, kSAyika evaM aupazamikA karmasiddhAnta ke anusAra ina tInoM hI prakAra ke samyaktva meM tIrthaGkara prakRti kA baMdha sambhava hai| gommaTasAra 'karmakANDa' meM kahA gayA hai ki prathamopazama samyaktva, dvitIyopazama samyaktva, kSAyopazamika samyaktva aura kSayika samyaktva kI avasthA meM aviratasamyagdRSTi se lekara cAra guNasthAnoM taka ke manuSya tIrthaGkara prakRti ke bandha kA prArambha karate haiN| isI prasaMga meM eka vizeSa bAta yaha kahI gaI hai ki tIrthaGkara kevalI athavA zruta kevalI ke nikaTa hI koI tIrthaGkara prakRti kA bandha prArambha karatA hai|19 tIrthaGkara prakRti ke bandhane ke sambandha meM aura bhI aneka tathya haiM, yathA - 1. yadi koI manuSya eka bAra tIrthaGkara prakRti ko bAMdhanA prArambha karatA hai, to vaha nirantara hI isakA baMdhana karatA rahatA hai|20 yaha baMdhana usa jIva ke devagati yA narakagati meM jAne para bhI jArI rahatA hai|21 punaH manuSyagati meM Ane para vaha kevalajJAna prakaTa hone ke antarmuhUrta pUrva taka isakA baMdhana karatA rahatA hai|22 isake nirantara baMdhane ke saMbaMdha meM do apavAda haiN|

Page #25
20 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 (a) pahale narakAyu bA~dhane ke pazcAt kSAyopazama samyagdRSTi prApta karake koI jIva yadi tIrthaGkara nAma prakRti ko bA~dhanA prArambha karatA hai, to vaha manuSya bhava ke antima antarmahurta meM samyaktva kA vamana karake mithyAtva meM calA jAtA hai|23 mithyAtva guNasthAna meM rahatA huA vaha tIsarI naraka taka meM janma le sakatA hai| vahA~ paryApta avasthA prApta karane ke pazcAt vaha punaH samyagdarzanI bana jAtA hai| manuSyagati se jAne evaM naraka meM aparyApta rahane kA yaha kAla bhI antarmuhUrta parimANa hotA hai| itane kAla ke lie tIrthaGkara prakRti kA ba~dhanA ruka jAtA hai| zeSa sabhI samaya yaha prakRti nirantara ba~dhatI rahatI hai| / / rahatA hA (ba) tIrthaGkara nAmakarma ko bA~dhatA huA jIva upazamazreNi meM car3hatA hai, to vaha AThaveM guNasthAna ke sAtaveM bhAga se gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka upazama zreNi ke samaya tIrthaGkara prakRti kA bandha nahIM karatA hai| yaha avasthA bhI eka antarmuhUrta se adhika kAla taka nahIM hotii| isa taraha do apavAdoM ko chor3akara tIrthaGkara prakRti kA bandha eka bAra prArambha hone ke pazcAt nirantara hotA rahatA hai| (2) tIrthaGkara prakRti kA utkRSTa sthiti bandha cauthe guNasthAna meM taba hotA hai, jaba kSAyopazamika samyaktvI jIva mithyAtva ke abhimukha ho| mithyAtva ke abhimukha vaha jIva hotA hai, jisane pahale hI naraka kA AyuSya bA~dha liyA ho| aisA jIva hI tIrthaGkara prakRti kA utkRSTa baMdha karatA hai| kisI bhI karma kI utkRSTa sthiti saMkleza (kaSAyavRddhi) se ba~dhatI hai| cAhe vaha puNya prakRti ho yA pApa prkRti| sabhI prakRtiyoM kI sthiti kaSAya se ba~dhatI hai| ata: tIrthaGkara nAmaka puNya prakRti kI utkRSTa sthiti kA baMdha usa aviratasamyagdRSTi jIva ke hotA hai, jo mithyAtva ke abhimukha ho|24 tIrthaGkara prakRti kA jaghanya sthitibaMdha AThaveM guNasthAna ke chaThe bhAga meM hotA hai, kyoMki vaha vizuddha avasthA hotI hai| (3) tIrthaGkara prakRti baMdhane kA narakagati evaM tiryaMca gatiyoM ke bandha ke sAtha virodha hai|25 arthAt tIrthaMkara prakRti baMdhane ke pazcAt ye donoM gatiyA~ nahIM ba~dhatI haiN| pahale hI kisI jIva ne narakAyu bA~dha liyA ho, yaha to sambhava hai, kintu tIrthaGkara prakRti ba~dhane ke pazcAt narakAyu kA bandhana bhI sambhava nahIM hai| naraka gati evaM tiryaMca gati to kramaza: pahale evaM dUsare gaNasthAna meM hI ba~dhatI hai| tIrthaGkara prakati bA~dhane vAle jIva ke kevala devagati ba~dhatI hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki devI tIrthaGkara nahIM banatI haiM, ata: tIrthaGkara prakRti bA~dhane vAlA deva hI banatA hai, devI nhiiN|26 vaha tIna kilviSika ko chor3akara vaimAnika deva meM jA sakatA hai| (4) jisa jIva ne pahale manuSyAyu evaM tiryaMcAyu kA bandha kara liyA hai, usake tIrthaGkara prakRti kA bandha nahIM hotA hai, kintu devAyu evaM narakAyu bA~dhane ke pazcAt tIrthaGkara

Page #26
karma - sAhitya meM tIrthaGkara : 21 prakRti kA bandhana ho sakatA hai| dhavalA TIkA meM eka prazna uThAyA gayA ki tiryaMcAyu bA~dhane vAle ko samyaktva prApta hone ke pazcAt tIrthaMkara prakRti bA~dhane meM kyA bAdhA hai ? isakA uttara dete hue kahA gayA ki jisa bhava meM tIrthaGkara prakRti kA baMdha prArambha kiyA hai, usase tRtIya bhava meM tIrthaGkara prakRti kI sattA vAle jIvoM ke mokSa jAne kA niyama hai, 27 jo deva evaM nArakI banane para hI sambhava ho sakatA hai| tRtIya bhava meM mokSa jAne kA kathana zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI upalabdha hai / 28 (5) tIrthaGkara prakRti kA sambandha lezyAoM se bhI hai| tejo, padma evaM zukla nAmaka zubha lezyAoM meM to tIrthaGkara prakRti kA bandha ho hI sakatA hai, kintu azubha lezyAoM meM se eka mAtra kapota lezyA hI aisI hai, jisameM tIrthaGkara prakRti kA bandha ho sakatA hai / yaha tathya mahAbaMdha, dhavalA Adi granthoM meM spaSTa pratipAdita huA hai ki narakagati vAlA jIva nIla evaM kRSNa lezyAoM meM tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kA baMdha nahIM karatA hai / tIsarI naraka meM kApotalezyI ko hI AgAmI bhava meM tIrthaGkara banane kA ullekha milatA hai| mahAbandha ke kAla-prarUpaNA-khaNDa meM tIrthaGkara kI Agati meM vaimAnika se jo jIva AtA hai usameM tejo, padma evaM zukla lezyAe~ batAyI gaI haiM tathA naraka se jo jIva AtA hai, usameM eka mAtra kApota lezyA batAyI gaI hai / 29 zvetAmbara paramparA meM tIrthaGkara kI Agati meM ina cAra lezyAoM ke atirikta nIla lezyA kA bhI kathana kiyA jAtA hai, 30 jisakA puSTa kAraNa dhyAna meM nahIM AtA / vidvajjana isa para vicAra kreN| (6) naraka evaM devaloka ke asaMkhyAta jIva isa samaya bhI tIrthaGkara nAma karma kA bandha kara rahe haiN| mahAbaMdha meM spaSTa kahA hai - 'titthayarANaM baMdhagA asaMkhejjA' / 31 arthAt tIrthaGkaroM ke baMdhaka asaMkhyAta haiN| (7) gommaTasAra meM kahA gayA hai ki tIrthaGkara prakRti kA bandha to strI, puruSa evaM napuMsaka - tInoM vedoM meM ho sakatA hai, kintu udaya kevala puruSaveda meM hI hotA hai| 32 dhyAtavya hai ki strI kA tIrthaGkara honA zvetAmbaroM ne hI mAnya kiyA hai / 33 isakA udAharaNa mallI bhagavatI haiN| udaya ke sambandha meM yaha nirvivAda rUpa se mAnya hai ki tIrthaGkara prakRti kA udaya terahaveM evaM caudahaveM guNasthAna meM hotA hai| ataH janma lete hI koI tIrthaGkara nahIM bana jAtA hai| cAra ghAtI karmoM kA kSaya karane ke sAtha hI terahaveM guNasthAna meM tIrthaGkara prakRti kA udaya hotA hai| yaha bAta avazya hai ki isa prakRti kA jisa bhava meM udaya hone vAlA hai, usakA garbha - praveza ke sAtha hI prArambha ho jAtA hai| tIrthaGkara kI mAtA ke dvArA caudaha yA solaha svapna dekhanA isI kA pratIka hai| tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kI udIraNA bhI sambhava hai, kintu yaha udIraNA mAtra terahaveM guNasthAna meM hI hotI hai| caudahaveM guNasthAna meM jina prakRtiyoM kA udaya rahatA hai,

Page #27
22 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 unakI udIraNA terahaveM guNasthAna taka hI hone kA niyama hai| caudahaveM meM udIraNA nahIM hotI hai| sattA kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAye to tIrthaGkara prakRti kI sattA prathama guNasthAna evaM cauthe se caudahaveM guNasthAna taka pAyI jAtI hai|34 prathama mithyAtva guNasthAna meM to baddhanarakAyaSka vAle jIva kI apekSA se pAyI jAtI hai, kyoMki jisa jIva ne narakAyu kA baMdha karane ke pazcAt tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kA baMdha prArambha kiyA hai, vaha jIva naraka ke bhava meM jAte samaya evaM vahA~ aparyApta samaya taka mithyAtvadazA meM rahatA hai| tathApi tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kI sattA usa jIva ke pAyI jAtI hai| cauthe se AThaveM guNasthAna ke chaThe bhAga taka to tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kA baMdha hone ke kAraNa ina guNasthAnoM meM sattA rahatI hI hai, kintu upazamazreNi karate samaya bhI AThaveM gaNasthAna ke chaThe bhAga se gyArahaveM guNasthAna taka tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kI sattA rahatI hai, kyoMki yaha kAla mAtra antarmuhUrta kA hotA hai evaM pUrvabaddha tIrthaGkara prakRti to usa kAla meM bhI sattA meM rahatI hI hai| isI prakAra bArahaveM kSINamohanIya guNasthAna meM bhI isa prakRti kI sattA pUrvabaddha kI apekSA se rahatI hai, kyoMki sattA meM rahane para hI koI karma udaya meM AtA hai| yaha ullekhanIya hai ki tiryaMcagati ke jIva meM tIrthaGkara nAma karma kI sattA nahIM pAyI jAtI hai, kyoMki tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kA baMdha karane vAlA jIva tiryaMca gati meM nahIM jAtA hai| isakA bhI kAraNa yaha hai ki tIrthaGkara nAmakarma ko bA~dhane vAlA jIva (pUrva nirdiSTa do apavAdoM ko chor3akara) nirantara isa prakRti kA baMdha karatA hai evaM vaha baddhanarakAyu ke apavAda ko chor3akara cauthe gaNasthAna se nIce nahIM AtA hai| isalie tIrthaGkara nAmakarma ko bA~dhane vAlA jIva tiryaMca gati kA baMdha nahIM kara paataa| tiryaMca gati kA baMdha prathama evaM dvitIya guNasthAna meM hI hotA hai, usake pazcAt nhiiN| dUsarI bAta yaha bhI hai ki tiryaMcAyu kA baMdha kara lene vAlA tIrthakara nAmakarma kA bandha nahIM krtaa| tIsarI evaM mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki tIrthaGkara nAmakarma ke baMdha kA prArambha manuSya gati meM hI hotA hai, tiryaMcAdi anya gatiyoM meM nhiiN| manuSya se vaha jIva naraka yA devagati meM jAtA hai| isalie ina tIna gatiyoM meM tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kI sattA rahatI hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa Adi AcAryoM ke anusAra tIrthaGkara prakRti kA anikAcita bandha karane vAlA jIva tiryaMcagati meM bhI jA sakatA hai35 tathA isa prakRti kI udvelanA bhI ho sakatI hai| tIrthaGkara nAmakarma kI utkRSTa sthiti anta: koTAkoTi sAgaropama evaM abAdhAkAla antarmuhUrta batAyA gayA hai|36 ata: yaha prakRti apanI sajAtIya prakRtiyoM meM saMkramita hokara bhogI jAtI hai| isI prakAra isa prakRti kA udvartana evaM apavartana bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| paMcama karmagrantha, kammapayaDI evaM paMcasaMgraha ke anusAra

Page #28
karma-sAhitya meM tIrthaGkara : 23 tIrthaGkara prakRti adhruvabandhinI, adhruva sattAka, aghAtI, puNya prakRti, aparAvartamAna, jIva vipAkI, svAnudayabandhinI, krama vyavacchidyamAna baMdhodayA, nirantarabandhinI, anudaya-saMkramotkRSTA evaM udayavatI hai| sandarbha : 1. 34 atizayoM ke lie draSTavya-samavAyAMgasUtra, samavAya 34. 2. samavAyAMgasUtra, samavAya 35. 3. imaM ca NaM savvajagajIvarakkhaNadayaTThayAe pAvayaNaM bhagavayA sukhiyN| - praznavyAkaraNasUtra, dvitIya zrutaskandha, adhyayana 1. 4. goyamA! arahA tAva niyamaM titthgre| - vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, zataka 20, uddezaka 8. 5. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pA~ca kalyANakoM kA ullekha sthAnAMgasUtra meM huA hai| draSTavya - sthAnAGgasUtra, sthAna 5, uddezaka 1. 6. dhavalA, 6.1 7. ArhantyakAraNaM tIrthaGkara tvnaam| - sarvArthasiddhi, 8.11, pR0 306 (bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI 1991) 8. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, pR0 1- divyadarzana TrasTa, mumbaI, vikrama saMvat 2039. 9. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, maladhArI hemacandra TIkA, pR0 1 - divyadarzana TrasTa, mumbii| 10.titthaM puNa cAuvvaNNAiNNo samaNasaMgho, taMjahA - samaNA samaNIo, sAvagA saavigaao| - vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, zataka 20, uddezaka 8, sUtra 14 11.vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya - triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritam (AcArya hemacandra viracita) 12. arihNt-siddh-pvynn-guru-ther-bhussue-tvssiisuN| vacchallayA eesiM, abhikkhanANovaoge ye // 1 // dasaNa-viNae Avassae ya sIlavvae niriaaro| khaNalava-tavacciyAe, veyAvacce samAhI ya / / 2 / / appuvvanANagahaNe, suyabhattI pavayaNe pbhaavnnyaa| eehiM kAraNehiM, titthyarattaM lahai jIvo / / 3 / / - jJAtAdharmakathAGga, adhyayana 8; Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA - 179-181

Page #29
24 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 13. darzanavizuddhivinayasampannatA zIlavrateSvanaticAro'bhIkSNaM jJAnopayogasaMvegau zaktistyAgatapasI ___ saMghasAdhusamAdhivaiyAvRttyakaraNamarhadAcAryabahuzrutapravacanabhaktirAvazyakAparihANirmArgaprabhavanApravacana vatsalatvamiti tiirthkRttvsy| - tattvArthasUtra, 6.23 14. tAnyetAni SoDazakAraNAnisamyagbhavyamAnAni vyastAni ca tIrthaGkara nAma krmaasrvkaarnnaaniprtyetvyaani|-srvaarthsiddhi, 6.24 pR0 261(bhAratIya jJAnapITha) 15.niyamA maNuyagaIe, itthI puriseyaro ya suhleso| Aseviyabahulehi, vIsAe annnnyrehiN|| - Avazyakaniyukti, 184 (niyuktisaMgraha, harSapuSpAmRta granthamAlA) 16.dvitIya karmagrantha, bandha-vivecana, gAthA 6 evaM 9-10. 17.dvitIya karmagrantha, meM udaya, udIraNA evaM sattA kA vivecana drssttvy| 18.dvitIya karmagrantha, zrI marudharakesarI sAhitya prakAzana samiti, byAvara, pariziSTa pR0 209-210. 19. paDhamuvasamiye samme sesatiye avirdaadicttaari| titthayarabaMdhapAraMbhayA NarA kevlidugNte|| - gommaTasAra, karmakANDa, gAthA 93. 20.NiraMtaro baMdho, sagabaMdhakAraNe saMte addhAkkhaeNa bNdhuvrmaabhaavaado| - dhavalA 8.3, 38.74.4. 21.nikAcita tIrthaGkara prakRti vAlA jIva tiryaMcagati meM nahIM jAtA hai, anikAcita tIrthaGkara prakRti vAle jIva ke tiryaMcagati meM jAne kA niSedha nahIM hai, yathA - jamiha nikAiya titthaM tiriyabhave taM nisehiyaM sNtN| iyaraMmi natthi doso uvttttnnvttttnnaasjjhe|| paMcasaMgraha 5.44 vizeSaNavatI meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne bhI kahA hai - taM pi sunikAisseva taiya bhavabhAviNo vinnichittuN| aNikAiyammi vaccai savvagaIo vi na viroho|| uddhRta, paMcasaMgraha, bhAga 5 pR0 175. 22. AThaveM guNasthAna kA jIva antarmuhUrta meM hI kevalajJAna prApta kara sakatA hai aura tIrthaGkara prakRti kA bandha AThaveM guNasthAna ke chaThe bhAga taka mAnya hai| 23. tIrthaGkara prakRti kA utkRSTa baMdha nirUpita karane ke prasaMga meM yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai - titthayaranAmassa ukkosaThiI maNusso asaMjao veyagasammaddiTThI puvvaM naragabaddhAugo naragAbhimuho micchattaM pvivjjihii| - paMcasaMgraha, prathamabhAga, malayagiri TIkA, uddhRta, paMcama karmagrantha (byAvara) pR0 162.

Page #30
karma-sAhitya meM tIrthaGkara : 25 24.(a) paMcama karmagrantha, gAthA 42. (A) titthayaranAmassa ukkosaThiI maNusso asaMjAo veyagasammaddiTThI puvvaM naragabaddhaugo naragAbhimuho micchattaM paDivajjihI iti aMtime ThiIbaMdhe vaTTamANo baMdhai, tabbaMdhagesu aisaMkiliTTho tti kaauN| - paMcasaMgraha, prathamabhAga, malayagiri TIkA 25.tittharabaMdhassa Niraya-tirikkhagaibaMdhehi saha virohaado| - dhavalA 8.3, 38.74.5 26. kappitthIsu Na titthN| - gommaTasAra 'karmakANDa', gAthA 112. 27. pAraddhatitthayarabaMdhabhavAdo tadiyabhave titthyrsNtkmmiyjiivaannN| mokkhgmnnnniymaado| - dhavalA 8.3, 38/74/8, 38/75/1 28.(a) vizeSaNavatI, jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa, gAthA 78. (A) bajjhaI taM tu bhagavao tiybhvoskkittaannN| - Avazyakaniyukti, 183. 29. draSTavya - mahAbandha, prathama bhAga, kAlaprarUpaNA - pR0 63 (bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana) 30. kAlamAse kAlaM kiccA taccAe bAluyappabhAe puDhavIrae ujjalie narae neraiyattAye uvvjjihisi| ----- AgamesAe ussappiNIe ------ bArasame amame NAmaM arahA bhvisssi| - aMtagaDadasAsUtra, varga 5 (ujjvala naraka meM nIla lezyA hI hai|) 31. mahAbanya, prathama bhAga, pR0 177. 32. strISaNThavedayorapi tIrthAhArakabandho na virudhyate udayasyaiva puMvediSu niymaat| - gommaTasAra 'karmakANDa', jIvatattvapradIpikA TIkA, gAthA-119 33. Agama meM ise eka Azcarya mAnA gayA hai| draSTavya - sthAnAGgasUtra, sthAna 10. 34. draSTavya, dUsarA karmagrantha, sattA-vicAra 35. draSTavya, uparyukta 21vA~ pAda ttippnn| 36.paMcama karmagrantha, gAthA 33.

Page #31
zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 julAI-sitambara 2004 AvazyakasUtra kA srota evaM vaiziSTya anila kumAra sonakara* tIrthaMkaroM dvArA upadiSTa evaM gaNadharoM dvArA grathita jainAgama sAhitya ke antargata cAra mUlasUtroM meM se dvitIya mUlasUtra Avazyaka eka mukhya niyama hai jo AtmA ko vizuddha banAkara dharma meM pratiSThita karatA hai| vastuta: jIvana kI vaha kriyA jisake abhAva meM mAnava Age nahIM bar3ha sakatA, vahI Avazyaka kahalAtI hai| jIvita rahane hetu jisa prakAra zvAMsa lenA jarUrI hai, usI prakAra AdhyAtmika kSetra meM jIvana kI pavitratA hetu jo kriyA yA sAdhanA jarUrI hai, anivArya hai, use hI jainAgama paramparA meM 'Avazyaka' kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| anuyogadvAracUrNi meM nirdiSTa hai ki jo guNazUnya AtmA ko prazasta bhAvoM se AvAsita karatA hai, vaha AvAsaka/Avazyaka hai| anuyogadvAra kI maladhArI hemacandra kRta TIkA meM nirUpaNa huA hai - jo samasta guNoM kA nivAsa sthAna hai, vaha AvAsaka/Avazyaka hai| anuyogadvArasUtra meM isake ATha paryAyavAMcI nAma upalabdha haiM - Avazyaka, avazyakaraNIya, dhruvanigraha, vizodhi, adhyayana SaTakavarga, nyAya, ArAdhanA aura maarg| ina nAmoM meM kiJcita arthabodha hone para bhI sabhI nAma samAna artha meM vyavahRta hote haiN| __bhAratIya sAhitya meM 'Agama' zabda zAstra kA paryAvAcI hai aura sUtra zabda bhI inhIM arthoM meM vyavahata hotA hai| saMghadAsagaNi ne bRhatkalpabhASya meM 'sUtra' zabda ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue likhA hai - jisake anusaraNa se karmoM kA saraNa hotA hai, apanayana hotA hai, vaha sUtra hai| vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM nirukta vidhi se artha karate hue likhA gayA hai - jo artha kA siMcana/kSaraNa karatA hai, vaha sUtra hai| AcArya abhayadeva ne sthAnAMgavRtti meM nirdeza kiyA hai - jisase artha sUtrita/gumphita kiyA jAtA hai, vaha sUtra hai|6 yadi ukta tathyoM para dRSTipAt kareM, to yaha niSkarSa niHsRta hotA hai ki AvazyakasUtra aisA grantha hai jisameM jaina sAdhanA va AcAra ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa huA hai, jisameM AdhyAtmika samatA, namratA prabhRti sadguNoM kA vivecana pracura mAtrA meM huA hai aura sAtha hI isake parijJAna se sAdhaka apanI AtmA ko nirakhatA*AI0sI0 pI0Ara0 phelo, darzana evaM dharma vibhAga, kalA saMkAya, kA0hi0vi0vi0 vArANasI

Page #32
AvazyakasUtra kA srota evaM vaiziSTya : 27 parakhatA hai| AvazyakasUtra vastutaH AtmanirIkSaNa, AtmaparIkSaNa aura AtmotkarSa kA vaha zreSThatama upAya hai, jisakI sAdhanA aura ArAdhanA se AtmA zAzvata sukha kA lAbha karatA hai, karma mala ko naSTa kara samyakdarzana-jJAna va cAritra se AdhyAtmika Aloka ko prApta karatA hai| AvazyakasUtra eka zrutaskandha hai jisameM pratipAdita AcAra ke niyamoM kA pAlana mahAvIra pUrva meM hotA thA, unake samaya meM huA tathA unake nirvANa-prApti ke pazcAt bhI hotA rahA hai| arthAt AcAra ke niyamoM ke pAlana kI anivAryatA pratyeka samaya meM rahI hai| antara sirpha itanA hI hai ki mahAvIra ke pUrva yaha kevala zramaNoM hetu AcaraNIya thA, tathApi mahAvIra ne apane samaya meM caturvidha saMgha arthAt zrAvaka, zrAvikA, zramaNa aura zramaNI sabhI ke lie samAna rUpa se samAcaraNa karane kI AjJA pradAna kii| mahAvIra se pUrva AvazyakasUtra nAma anupalabdha thA, tathApi isake chaH adhyayanoM kA pRthaka-pRthaka rUpa se astittva jJAta hotA hai aura sAtha hI unakA pAlana bhI pRthaka-pRthaka rUpa se sampanna hotA thaa| mahAvIra ke samaya meM gaNadharoM ne pRthakapRthaka cha: adhyayanoM ko saMkalita kara sUtra rUpa meM gamphita kara use 'SaDAvazyaka' kI saMjJA se abhihita kiyaa| jainAgama sAhitya meM AvazyakasUtra ke kartA va racanAkAla ke sambandha meM kisI bhI prakAra kA varNana prApta nahIM hotA hai| navasuttANi meM saMbhAvanA vyakti huI hai ki AvazyakasUtra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsanakAla meM nirmita Agama hai| isakI puSTi isase bhI hotI hai ki 'Avazyaka' zabda kA sadabhAva mahAvIra ke pUrva meM nahIM thA aura na hI AvazyakasUtra ke cha: adhyayana eka-sAtha eka hI sthAna para prApta hote haiM, pratyuta ve pRthaka-pRthaqa rUpa meM pRthaka-pRthaka jainAgamoM meM samprApta hote haiN| vastuta: ye saMkalita rUpa meM mahAvIra ke samaya se hI astitva meM aae| 'Avazyaka' nAma bhagavatI, sthAnAMga tathA jJAtAdharmakathA' meM bhI samprApta hotA hai| cU~ki ukta sabhI grantha mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa tathA gaNadharoM dvArA grathita dvAdazAMgI ke aMga haiM, ata: isa AdhAra para bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki AvazyakasUtra kI racanA mahAvIra ke samaya meM hI huI hai| yadi isake sarvAdhika prAcInatama vyAkhyA sAhitya ko AdhAra banAyA jAe to bhI isakI racanA kA samaya mahAvIra ke kAla athavA usake Asa-pAsa hI jJAta hotA hai| AvazyakasUtra kI sarvAdhika prAcIna vyAkhyA sAhitya Avazyakaniyukti hai aura jisake kartA AcArya bhadrabAhu haiN| inakA samaya vi0 saM0 500 se vi0saM0 600 ke madhya meM hai, to yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki AvazyakasUtra kI racanA isase aura bhI pUrva meM huI hai| arthAt AvazyakasUtra kI racanA mahAvIra ke kAla meM athavA unake kucha pazcAt huI hai|

Page #33
28 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 AvazyakasUtra ke cha: adhyayana haiM - sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vaMdana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura prtyaakhyaan| sAmAyika AvazyakasUtra kA prathama adhyayana hai| jaina AcAra meM zramaNa ke pA~ca cAritra, to gRhastha sAdhakoM ke cAra zikSAvratoM meM prathama zikSAvrata-sAmAyika naitika sAdhanA kA atha aura iti donoM hai| vastuta: sAmAyika samatva-sAdhanA hai| samatva-sAdhanA meM sAdhaka jahA~ bAhya rUpa meM hiMsaka pravRttiyoM kA parityAga karatA hai, vahIM Antarika rUpa meM sabhI prANiyoM ke prati AtmabhAva evaM sukhaduHkha, lAbha-hAni prabhRti meM samabhAva rakhatA hai| lekina ina donoM se bhI Upara vaha apane vizuddha rUpa meM Atma-sAkSAtkAra kA prayatna hai| jaina vicAraNA meM 'sama' zabda kA artha zreSTha aura ayana kA artha AcaraNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha se zreSTha AcaraNa hI sAmAyika hai| mana, vacana va kAya kI duSTa vRttiyoM ko rokakara apane nizcita lakSya kI ora dhyAna ko kendrita kara denA sAmAyika hai| jaina dharma meM sAmAyika kA prabhUta mahAtmya hai| yaha Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se lekara mahAvIra taka sabhI ke dvArA upadezita huA hai| mahAvIra ke pUrva ke tIrthaMkaroM ne isakA upadeza sAmAyika saMyama ke rUpa diyA thA tathA kevala aparAdha hone para hI pratikramaNa karanA Avazyaka batalAyA thaa| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI sarvasva-tyAga rUpa AkiJcana munivRtti, nami kI nirIhatA vA neminAtha kI ahiMsA ko AdhAra banAkara jisa cAturyAma dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA, vahI jaina paramparA meM sAmAyika dharma ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huaa| AcArAMga meM nirUpita hai - mahAvIra ne bhI pravrajita hone para sarvaprathama pArzvanAtha dvArA pratiSThita cAturyAma rUpa sAmAyika dharma ko grahaNa kiyaa|11 tatpazcAt kevalajJAnI hone para chedosthApanA saMyama kA vidhAna kiyaa|12 mohana lAla mehatA dvArA racita, jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa bhAga3 ke antargata Avazyakaniyukti meM anyAya viSayoM ke sAtha bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA caritra bhI nirUpita huA hai| yahA~ para sAmAyika adhyayana kI vivecanA meM niryaktikAra batalAte haiM ki sAmAyika ke nirgamadvAra kI carcA ke samaya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pUrva bhava kI carcA kA prasaMga AtA hai, jisameM ki unake marIci janma kI carcA Avazyaka rUpa se kI gaI hai| isI prasaMga meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI bhI carcA huI hai, kyoMki marIci kI utpatti RSabhadeva se hai|14 yadi ukta tathyoM para dRSTipAta kareM to yaha niSkarSa niHsRta hotA hai ki sAmAyika mahAvIra ke zAsanakAla meM thA aura sAtha hI Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva va unake pazcAtvartI tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsanakAla meM bhI thaa| arthAt sAmAyika jainadharma ke udbhava kAla se hI AstitvavAna hai| AvazyakasUtra kA dvitIya adhyayana 'caturviMzatistava' hai| isameM sAdhaka sAvadha yoga se nivRtta hokara avalambana svarUpa caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti karatA hai| isase

Page #34
AvazyakasUtra kA srota evaM vaiziSTya : 29 sAdhaka kI AdhyAtmika zakti vikasita hotI hai, usakI sAdhanA kA mArga sugama hotA hai aura vaha saMyama kSetra meM dRr3hatara hotA calA jAtA hai| 'caturviMzatistava' se darzana kI vRddhi hotI hai, zraddhA parimArjita hotI hai aura samyaktva vizuddha hotA hai| upasarga va parISahoM kI sahana karane kI zakti vikasita hotI hai va tIrthaMkara banane kI preraNA mana meM uThatI hotI hai| jaina vicAraNAnusAra sAdhanA ke Adarza tIrthaMkara yA siddha puruSa kisI upalabdhi kI apekSA ko pUrA nahIM karate haiM, pratyuta ve mAtra sAdhanA ke Adarza haiM, jisakA anusaraNa kara sAdhaka AtmotkarSa taka pahu~ca sakatA hai| arthAt stavana kA mUlya Adarza ko upalabdha karAne vAle mahApuruSoM kI jIvana gAthA ke smaraNa dvArA sAdhanA ke kSetra meM preraNA pradAna karanA hai| ___AvazyakasUtra kA tRtIya adhyayana vaMdana hai| jaina-dharma meM sAdhanA ke Adarza rUpa meM tIrthaMkaroM kI upAsanA ke pazcAt sAdhanA mArga ke patha-pradarzaka guru ke vinaya kA vidhAna abhihita hai| jaina-dharma kI dRSTi se sAdhaka meM dravya-cAritra aura bhAva-cAritra donoM hI Avazyaka haiN| guru ko aisA honA cAhie ki jisakA dravya aura bhAva donoM hI cAritra nirmala ho, vyavahAra aura nizcaya donoM hI dRSTiyoM se jisake jIvana meM pUrNatA ho, vahI sadguru vandanIya aura abhinandanIya hai| sAdhaka ko aise hI sadguru se pavitra preraNA grahaNa karanI caahie| vandana meM aise hI sadguru ko namana karane kA vidhAna hai| vaMdana ke phalasvarUpa gurujanoM se satsaMga kA lAbha hotA hai| satsaMga se zAstra-zravaNa, zAstra-zravaNa se jJAna, jJAna se vijJAna aura phira kramaza: pratyAkhyAna, saMyama-anAva, tapa, karmanAzadra akriyA evaM anta meM siddhi kI upalabdhi hotI hai| vaMdana yathArtha rUpa meM sampanna ho, isake lie Avazyaka hai ki vaMdana ke samaya sAdhaka ke antarmAnasa meM kisI bhI prakAra kI svArtha bhAvanA/AkAMkSA/bhaya athavA anya kisI prakAra ke anAdara kI bhAvanA vidyamAna nahIM rahanI caahie| jinako vandana kiyA jAya unako samucita sammAna pradAna kreN| usa samaya sAdhaka ke mana, vacana aura kAya meM ekarasatA honI caahie| AvazyakasUtra kA caturtha adhyayana pratikramaNa hai| isameM usa sAdhanA kA vidhAna abhihita hai jisameM sAdhaka apanI maryAdAoM kA atikramaNa kara maryAdA vihIna avasthA meM athavA svabhAva-dazA se cyuta hokara vibhAvadazA meM praveza kara jAtA hai, taba usakA puna: svabhAva rUpI sImA meM pratyAgamana karanA pratikramaNa hai| jo pApa mana, vacana va kAya se sampanna hue hoM, dUsare se karavAye gae hoM aura dUsaroM ke dvArA kie gae pApoM ko anumodita kiyA gayA ho - kI nivRtti hetu kie gae samasta pApoM kI AlocanA karanA pratikramaNa hai| yogazAstra meM nirdiSTa hai - zubha yogoM meM se azubha yogoM meM gae hue apane Apa ko punaH zubha yogoM meM lauTA lAnA 'pratikramaNa' hai|15 'pratikramaNa'

Page #35
30 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 kevala atItakAla meM lage doSoM kI parizuddhi nahIM karatA, pratyuta vaha vartamAna tathA bhaviSya ke doSoM kI bhI parizuddhi karatA hai|16 jainavicAraNAnusAra isakA itihAsa atyanta prAcIna hai| Avazyakaniyukti, AvazyakacUrNi, Avazyaka hAribhadrIyavRtti, Avazyaka-malayagirivRtti prabhRti granthoM meM pratikramaNa ke sambandha meM vistRta vivecana samprApta hotA hai| mUlAcAra meM nirdiSTa hai - bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrva ke tIrthaMkaroM ne sAmAyika saMyama kA upadeza diyA tathA kevala aparAdha hone para hI pratikramaNa karanA Avazyaka batalAyA thaa| lekina bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAmAyika dharma ke sthAna para chedopasthApanA saMyama nirdhArita kiyA aura pratikramaNa niyama se karane kA upadeza diyaa|17 aisA hI nirUpaNa bhagavatI, uttarAdhyayana prabhRti AgamoM meM tathA tattvArthasUtra (9, 18) kI siddhasenIya TIkA meM prApta hotA hai|18 AvazyakasUtra meM pratikramaNa ke pazcAt kAyotsarga Avazyaka kA vidhAna abhihita hai| kAyotsarga kA zabdika artha hai kAya kA tyaag| yahA~ para kAya-tyAga se tAtparya hai zArIrika caMcalatA evaM dehAzakti kA tyaag| kAyotsarga meM gaharAI se cintana kara una doSoM ko kSaya karane kA upakrama kiyA jAtA hai, jo pratikramaNa meM zeSa raha jAte haiN| isameM sAdhaka bahirmukhI sthiti se nikalakara antarmukhI sthiti meM pahu~catA hai| isakA pradhAna uddezya hai - AtmA kA sAnidhya prApta karanA aura sahaja guNa hai mAnasika saMtulana ko banAe rkhnaa| isakA bhI itihAsa prAcIna hai, lekina kyA yaha mahAvIra ke pUrva astitvavAna thA? aura thA to kaba thA? isa sambandha meM kucha bhI kahanA kaThina hai| yahA~ para yaha nizcita rUpa se kaha sakate haiM ki yaha mahAvIra ke kAla meM thA, kyoMki AcArAMga, sthAnAMga, uttarAdhyayana, AvazyakasUtra prabhRti AgamasAhitya va mUlArAdhanA, kAyotsargazataka Adi meM isakA nirUpaNa hai| AvazyakasUtra kA chaThA va antima adhyayana pratyAkhyAna Avazyaka hai| pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai - tyAga krnaa| arthAt maryAdA ke sAtha azubha yoga se nivRtti aura zubha yoga meM pravRtti kA AkhyAna karanA pratyAkhyAna hai| yadyapi sAmAyika, catarviMzatistava, vandana, pratikramaNa tathA kAyotsarga dvArA Atmazuddhi kI jAtI hai, tathApi antarmAnasa meM Asakti ke praveza kA bhaya upasthita rahatA hai| etadartha AvazyakasUtra meM pratyAkhyAna kA vidhAna abhihita hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu19 ne kahA haipratyAkhyAna se saMyama hotA hai| saMyama se Asrava kA nirundhana hotA hai aura Asrava ke nirundhana se tRSNA kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| tRSNA ke kSaya se upazama bhAva samutpanna hotA hai aura usase pratyAkhyAna vizuddha hotA hai|2deg upazama bhAva kI vizuddhi se cAritra dharma prakaTa hotA hai| cAritra se karma nijIrNa hote haiM jisase kevalajJAna, kevala darzana kA divyAloka dedIpyamAna hone lagatA hai aura zAzvata mukti rUpI sukha prApta hotA hai|21

Page #36
Avazyaka sUtra kA srota evaM vaiziSTya : 31 zvetAmbara digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM zramaNoM hetu pUrvokta varNita SaDAvazyaka kA vidhAna abhihita hai| donoM hI paramparAoM meM antara kevala unake krama ko lekara hai | digambara paramparAnusAra inakA krama isa prakAra hai- sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandana, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura kAyotsarga / jabaki zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra inakA krama isa taraha hai - sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandana, pratikramaNaM, kAyotsarga aura prtyaakhyaan| jaina paramparA meM kevala zramaNoM hetu hI SaDAvazyaka kA vidhAna abhihita nahIM huA hai, pratyuta zrAvakoM hetu bhI isakA vidhAna hai aura jise SaTkarma kI saMjJA hai| zrAvakoM ke Avazyaka SaTkarma isa prakAra haiM - 1. devapUjA (tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAoM kA pUjana athavA unake Adarza svarUpa kA cintana evaM guNagAna ), 2. guru-sa - sevA zrAvaka kA dvitIya kartavya hai (guru kI sevA karanA, bhaktipUrvaka unakA vaMdana karanA, unakA sammAna karanA aura unake upadezoM kA zravaNa karanA), 3. svAdhyAya (AtmasvarUpa kA cintana aura manana aura sAtha hI AtmasvarUpa kA nirvacana karane vAle AgamagranthoM kA paThana-pAThana), 4. saMyama ( zrAvaka dvArA apanI vAsanAoM aura tRSNAoM para saMyama rakhanA), 5. tapa (zrAvaka ko yathAsaMbhava anazana, rasa- parityAga prabhRti ke rUpa meM pratidina tapa karanA cAhie) aura 6. dAna (pratyeka zrAvaka ko pratidina zramaNa, svadharmI bandhuoM aura asahAya evaM duHkhIjanoM ko kucha na kucha dAna avazya karanA cAhie) 22 Avazyaka sUtra aisA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai jisa para sarvAdhika vyAkhyA sAhitya upalabdha haiN| isake mukhya vyAkhyA sAhitya nimnavat haiM - niryukti, bhASya, cUrNi, vRtti, stavaka (TabbA) aura hindI vivecn| AvazyakasUtra kI sarvAdhika prAcIna vyAkhyA AcArya bhadrabAhukRta prAkRta meM niyukti ke rUpa meM prApta hotI hai| isameM 880 gAthAeM isameM sarvaprathama bhUmikA ke rUpa meM upAdaghAt hai| prathama pA~ca prakAra ke jJAna ke vivecana ke pazcAt SaDAvazyaka kA pratipAdana huA hai / SaDAvazyaka meM sarvaprathama sAmAyika kI vivecanA huI hai| unhoMne isa para naya dRSTi se cintana karane ke pazcAt caturviMzatistava kA nAma prabhRti chaH nikSepoM se nirUpaNa kiyA hai| tatpazcAt vandana, pratikramaNa aura kAyotsarga evaM pratyAkhyAna kA nirUpaNa hai| Avazyakaniryukti ke antargata zramaNa jIvana ko tejasvI - varcasvI banAne hetu jo bhI niyamopaniyama haiM, unakA vistRta rUpa meM vivecana huA hai| sAtha hI isameM prAcIna aitihAsika tathyoM kA vivecana samAviSTa hai| prAkRta meM grathita Avazyakaniryukti kI vyAkhyA zailI atyanta hI gUr3ha aura saMkSipta hone se isake gaMbhIratama rahasyoM ke prakaTana hetu vistAra se prAkRta bhASA meM jo padyAtmaka vyAkhyAeM racI gayIM, vastutaH vahI vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI saMjJA se suprasiddha hai / AvazyakasUtra ke bhASyakAra AcArya jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa (vi0saM0 650 ke Asa-pAsa ) haiM / inhoMne Avazyaka sUtra para pUrva meM saMkSepa meM likhita mUlabhASya va bhASya kI adhikatara gAthAoM

Page #37
32 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 kA samAveza vizeSAvazyaka meM kiyA hai| isameM kula 3603 gAthAeM haiN| vastuta: yaha bhASya kevala prathama adhyayana 'sAmAyika' para hai| prastuta bhASya meM jainAgama sAhitya meM varNita samasta jJAnavAda, pramANavAda, AcAra, nIti, syAdvAda, nayavAda, karmavAda para vistRta cintana huA hai| niyukti va bhASya kI racanA ke pazcAt jaina manISiyoM ne zuddha prAkRta aura saMskRta mizrita prAkRta meM jina gadyAtmaka vyAkhyAoM kI racanA kI, vastuta: vahI cUrNi sAhitya ke rUpa meM vizruta hai| AvazyakacUrNi ke kartA jinadAsagaNi mahattara (vi0saM0650-750) haiN| AvazyakacUrNi, Avazyakaniyukti ke anurUpa racita hai, tathApi bhASya gAthAoM kA bhI yatra-tatra prayoga huA hai| yadyapi isakI pravAhamaya bhASA mukhyataH prAkRta hai| isameM aitihAsika kathAoM kI pracUratA hai| nihnavoM ke nirUpaNa ke pazcAt dravya, paryAya aura naya-dRSTi se sAmAyika kA pratipAdana huA hai| caturviMzatistava meM loka, udyota, dharma-tIrthaMkara prabhRti viSayoM para nikSepa-paddhati se cintana huA hai| vaMdana adhyayana meM vaMdana ke yogya zramaNa ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana karate hae citikarma, kRtikarma, pUjA va vinayakarma ko dRSTAntoM ke mAdhyama se vyAkhyApita kiyA gayA hai| pratikramaNa adhyayana ko pratikrAmaka, pratikramaNa evaM pratikrAntavya ina tIna dRSTiyoM se paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt kAyotsarga evaM pratyAkhyAna kA nirUpaNa huA hai| isameM vibhinna paurANika va aitihAsika mahApuruSoM ke jIvana utkIrNa haiM, jinakA aitihAsika aura sAMskRtika dRSTi se mahattva hai| mUlAgama, niyukti aura bhASya sAhitya prAkRta meM racita haiM, jabaki cUrNi sAhitya meM pradhAnarUpa se prAkRta bhASA kA prayoga huA hai aura sAtha hI gauNa rUpa se saMskRta bhASA kA bhii| niyukti meM AgamoM ke zabda kI vyutpatti aura vyAkhyA vivecita hai, jabaki bhASya sAhitya meM vistAra se AgamoM ke zabdoM kI vyutpatti kA vivecana huA hai aura cUrNi sAhitya meM nigUr3ha bhAvoM ko loka-kathAoM ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt saMskRta bhASA meM TIkA sAhitya ke antargata AgamoM kA dArzanika dRSTi se vizleSaNa huaahai| TIkAkAra ne prAcIna niyukti, bhASya aura cUrNi sAhitya kA apanI TIkA meM prayoga kiyA hai| isake antargata sAmAjika, rAjanaitika aura bhaugolika paristhitiyoM kA samyakarUpeNa vivecana haA hai| TIkAkAra jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNanevizeSAvazyakabhASya para svopajJavRtti racI, lekina ise apane jIvana meM pUrNa nahIM kara ske| prastuta TIkA unake pazcAtkoTyAcArya (8vIM zatI) ne pUrNa kii| saMskRta TIkAkAra AcArya haribhadra (vi0saM0 775 se 827) ne niyukti ke anusAra sAmAyika prabhRti kI teisa dvAroM se vivecanA kI hai| vastuta: niyukti va cUrNi meM nihita jina-jina viSayoM kA saMkSepa meM nirUpaNa hai unhIM kA ziSyahitA nAmaka vRtti meM vistAra hai| isakA granthamAna 22000 zloka pramANa hai| koTyAcArya ne AcArya jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ke apUrNa svopajJabhASya ko pUrNa kiyA

Page #38
AvazyakasUtra kA srota evaM vaiziSTya : 33 aura sAtha hI vizeSAvazyakabhASya para eka navIna vRtti kI racanA kI, tathApi usa vRtti meM AcArya haribhadra kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyaa| vizeSAvazyabhASya para koTyAcArya praNIta vivaraNa na to ati saMkSipta hai aura na hI ati vistRt| 13700 zloka pramANa vAle vivaraNa meM nirUpita kathAeM prAkRta bhASA meM haiN| 12vIM zatAbdI meM malayagiri ne AvazyakasUtra para AvazyakavivaraNa nAmaka vRtti kI racanA kI hai| apUrNa rUpa meM prApta yaha vivaraNa mUlasUtra para na hokara Avazyakaniyukti para hai| prastuta vivaraNa meM samAviSTa vivecanA kI viziSTatA yahI hai - AcArya ne vizeSAvazyakabhASya kI gAthAoM "para svatantra vivecana karake unake sAra ko hI apanI vRtti meM ullikhita kiyA hai| unhoMne vRtti meM vizeSAvazyaka cUrNikAra, Avazyaka mUla TIkAkAra, Avazyaka mUla bhASyakAra, laghIyastrayAlaMkAra, akalaMkanyAyAvatAravRttikAra prabhRti kA ullekha bhI samAviSTa kiyA hai| vartamAna meM upalabdha 1800 zloka pramANa se sampanna vivaraNa meM 'caturvizatistava' nAmaka dvitIya adhyayana taka kA hI vivecana samAviSTa hai aura vaha bhI apUrNa rUpa meN| maladhArI AcArya hemacandra ne haribhadra kI vRtti para AvazyakavRtti pradezavyAkhyA racI hai, inakI vizeSAvazyakabhASya para dUsarI vRtti ziSyahitA hai| isameM unhoMne bhASya ke samasta viSayoM ko atyanta sarala va sugama dRSTi se samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isake atirikta jinabhaTTa, mANikyazekhara, kulaprabha, rAjavallabha prabhRti jaina manISiyoM ne AvazyakasUtra para vRttiyoM kI racanA kii| inake atirikta vikrama saMvat 1172 meM nami sAdhu ne, saMvat 1222 meM zrI candrasUri ne, saMvat 1440 meM zrI jJAna sAgara ne, saMvat 1500 meM dhIrasundara ne, saMvat 1540 meM zubhavarddhanagaNi ne aura saMvat 1697 meM hitaruci ne AvazyakasUtra para vRtti kI racanA kii| TIkA yuga kI samApti ke pazcAt jana sAdhAraNa hetu AgamoM kA zabdArtha karane vAlI saMkSipta TIkAoM kI racanA haI jo stavaka va TabbA kI saMjJA se vizruta haiN| 18vIM zadI meM muni dharmasiMha ne Avazyaka para TabbA kI racanA kii| tatpazcAt anuvAda yuga meM AvazyakasUtra kA anuvAda hindI aura gujarAtI meM huaa| prakAzana yuga meM AvazyakasUtra kA sarvaprathama prakAzana gujarAtI anuvAda sahita san 1906 meM bhImasI mANeka, bambaI se huaa| san 1916-17 meM Avazyaka bhadrabAhu niyukti haribhadrIyA vRtti ke sAtha Agamodaya samiti, bambaI se prakAzita huaa| AvazyakasUtra maladhArI hemacanda viracita pradeza vyAkhyA ke sAtha san 1920 meM devacanda lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra, bambaI se prakAzita huaa| san 1923 meM vizeSAvazyaka gAthAnAmaakArAdikrama tathA vizeSAvazyakaviSayAnukrama Agamodaya samiti, bambaI se prakAzita huaa| AvazyakasUtra kA gujarAtI anuvAda sahita prakAzana san 1924-27 taka Agamodaya samiti bambaI se huaa| san 1928 meM AvazyakasUtra

Page #39
34 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 bhadrabAhuniyukti evaM malayagirivRtti ke sAtha Agamodaya samiti, bambaI se prakAzita huA, san 1932 meM dvitIya bhAga tathA san 1936 meM tRtIya bhAga ke sAtha AvazyakasUtra bhadrabAhuniyukti evaM malayagirivRtti devacanda lAla bhAI jaina pustakodvAra, sUrata se prakAzita huaa| san 1936 meM Avazyaka namisAra vRtti vijayadAnasUrIzvara granthamAlA, bambaI se prakAzita huaa| san 1939 meM evaM 1941 meM bhadrabAhukRta Avazyakaniyukti kI mANikya zekharakRta dIpikA vijayadAnasUrIzvara jaina granthamAlA, sUrata se prakAzita huii| san 1954 meM phUlacandajI ne AvazyakasUtra kA mUlapATha guDagAMva chAvanI se suttAgameM ke antargata krvaayaa| san 1958 meM pUjya ghAsIlAla jI mahArAja kRta AvazyakasUtra kA saMskRta vyAkhyA, hindI va gujarAtI anuvAda sahita jainazAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa ne prakAzita kiyaa| san 1966 meM vizeSAvazyakabhASya svopajJavRtti sahita lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI, bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira se tIna bhAgoM meM prakAzita huaa| san 1966 meM hI vizeSAvazyakabhASya vivaraNa(koTyAcArya kRta) kA prakAzana RSabhadevajI kesarImala jI pracAraka saMsthA, ratalAma se prakAzita huaa| AvazyakasUtra kA san 1977 meM Agama prabhAvaka muni puNya vijayajI mahArAja jainAgama granthamAlA ke antargata 'dasaveyAliyasuttaM uttarajjhayaNAI AvassayasutaM' nAmaka zIrSaka se zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI se prakAzita huaa| san 1984 meM AvazyakasUtra kA mUlapATha sailAnA se 'aMga paviTTha suttaNi' meM prakAzita huaa| san 1985 meM bhI AvazyakasUtra kA mUlapATha hindI vivecana sahita zrI Agama prakAzana-samiti vyAvara, rAjasthAna se prakAzita huaa| AvazyakasUtra ke samagra pakSoM kA gahana avalokana karane para yaha spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai ki isakA jainAgama sAhitya evaM mAnava jIvana ke sarvAMgINa vikAsArtha tIrthaMkaroM dvArA prarUpita sAdhanA-paddhati meM prabhUta mahAtmya hai| jJAtavya samasta paramparAoM meM AcAra va isake antargata jina mUlyoM kI prasthApanA huI hai, unakA eka mAtra uddezya usa jIvanapraNAlI kA pragaTana karanA rahA hai, jisase naitika jIvana ke lakSya kI samprApti ho sake, jisake dvArA eka aisA mAnava samAja sRjita ho jo anekavidha saMgharSoM, yathA-Antarika manovRttiyoM kA saMgharSa, Antarika icchAoM aura unakI pUrti ko bAhya prayAsoM kA saMgharSa tathA bAhya samAjagata evaM rASTragata saMgharSa - se mukta ho| yadyapi ukta saMgharSa mAnava dvArA prasUta nahIM hote, tathApi use prabhAvita karate haiN| vastuta: 'samatva' hI jIvana kA Adarza/ sAra hai aura jaba mAnava jIvana meM samagra viSamatAoM/saMgharSoM ke utsa rAga-dveSa kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai to yaha samatva apane svabhAvika kendra se vicalita ho jAtA hai| pariNAsvarUpa manuSya apanI svabhAvadazA kA parityAga kara vibhAvadazA ko prApta hotA hai| vastuta: sAdhanA vibhAvAvasthA se svabhAvAvasthA kI ora gamana karanA hai| arthAt bAhya dRSTi kA parityAga

Page #40
AvazyakasUtra kA srota evaM vaiziSTya : 35 kara aMtardRSTi meM pratiSThita honA hai| yahA~ para svAbhAvika jijJAsA samutpanna hotI hai ki vaha sAdhanA-paddhati kyA hai? usakA svarUpa kyA hai? prastuta jijJAsA ke nivAraNArtha AvazyakasUtra meM nirUpita sAdhanA-paddhati sAmane prastuta hotI hai| AvazyakasUtra ke cha: aMgoM-sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vaMdana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna kA krama va isameM antarnihita sAdhanA-vidhi kA nirUpaNa vaijJAnika paddhati se huA hai, jisa para gamana kara sAdhaka apane sAdhya (samatva) ko sarala rUpa se prApta kara sakatA hai| sAtha hI isameM aihika mUlyoM ke sAtha-sAtha AdhyAtmika mUlyoM - ekatA, ahiMsA, samabhAva, namratA, prabhRti sadguNoM - kA nirUpaNa huA hai, jisakA anugamana kara mAnava apane samasta saMgharSoM se nivRtti pA sakatA hai| sAdhaka ke antarmAnasa meM samatva rUpI Adarza dedIpyamAna hone para samabhAva, ahiMsA, vinaya prabhRti sadguNoM kI saritA kA svata: pravAhana hone lagatA hai| samatvadraSTA sabhI prANiyoM ko svayaM meM aura svayaM ko sabhI meM dekhatA hai| usakI jIvana dRSTi 'jIo aura jIne do' kI hotI hai aura usI kA vaha pAlana karatA hai| etadartha jaina-dharma meM AvazyakasUtra ke pATha ko caturvidha saMgha hetu anivArya rUpa se samAcaraNIya banAyA gayA hai| AvazyakasUtra kI prAcInatA, prAmANikatA, isake guNa viSayoM ko aura adhika sarala va sarasa rUpa se janamAnasa ke samakSa prakaTana hetu kAlAMtara meM vibhinna jainAcAryoM ne prAkRta, saMskRta va prAkRta-saMskRta mizrita aneka vyAkhyA sAhityoM, yathA - niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi, TIkA Adi kA praNayana kiyA hai jisase isakI mahattA svata: prakaTa ho jAtI hai| ina vyAkhyA sAhityoM meM vividha pakSoM, yathA - dArzanika, vaijJAnika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika, bhaugolika, jyotiSa, Arthika prabhRti - kA samyaka rUpa se yathArtha va sajIva nirUpaNa huA hai| anyAnya jaina granthoM meM AvazyakasUtra ke adhyayanoM kA prApta honA isakI prAcInatA va pramANikatA ko prakaTa karatA hai| Adhunika yuga meM anyAnya prakAzanoM dvArA AvazyakasUtra va isake vyAkhyA sAhityoM kA prakAzana, anekAneka jaina vidvajanoM dvArA vibhinna bhASAoM meM anuvAda aura vyAkhyA karanA isake mahattva ko prakaTa karatA hai| ukta samasta vivecya viSayoM kA punarAvalokana karane se yaha niSkarSa ni:sRta hotA hai ki jainAgamoM meM AvazyakasUtra ko isakI sAmagrI - vaividhya ke kAraNa viziSTa sthAna prApta hai| AvazyakasUtra meM pratipAdita SaDAvazyaka samasAmayika rUpa se pUrNata: prAsaMgika hai| sandarbha: 1. anuyogadvAra cUrNi, pR0 14. 2. anuyogadvAra maladhArI hemacandrakRta TIkA, pR0 28.

Page #41
36 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 3. anuyogadvAra 28, gAthA 2. 4. bRhatkalpabhASya, 311. 5. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 1368. 6. sthAnAMgavRtti, pR0 49. 7. navasuttANi, bhUmikA, pR0 48-49. 8. bhagavatIsUtra, 18/207. 9. sthAnAMgasUtra, 2/05. 10.jJAtAdharmakathA, 1/8/18/2. 11-12.hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 21. 13. mohanalAla mehatA, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 3 pR0 76. 14. vahI, pR0 77. 15.AcArya hemacandra, yogazAstra, tRtIya prakAza, svopjnyvRtti| 16.mahAsatI suprabhA sudhA dvArA sampAdita AvazyakasUtra kA eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 33. 17. mUlAcAra, 7, 36-38. 18.hIrAlAla jaina, pUrvokta, pR0 21. 19. Avazyakaniyukti, 1594. 20.vahI, 1595. 21. vahI, 1596. 22. sAgaramala jaina, jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga - 2, pR0 316.

Page #42
zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7.9 julAI-sitambara 2004 prAkRta sAhitya kA kathAtmaka mahattva DaoN0 hukamacanda jaina* manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai| samAja meM raha kara hI vaha saba kucha sIkhatA hai| Aja ke bhautika yuga meM samAja meM kaI burAIyAM pracalita haiN| juA, corI, madya, mAMsa sevana, zikAra, asatya, hiMsA, aparigraha, lobha Adi burAiyoM se samAja vikRta ho gayA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa manuSya meM mAnavIya pravRttiyoM ke sthAna para dAnavIya pravRttiyAM janma lene lagI haiN| lAbha aura lobha ne to mAnava ko bArUda ke Dhera para khar3A kara diyA hai, jo kabhI bhI visphoTa kara sakatI hai| ata: Aja mAnava samAja evaM deza kA rakSaka nahIM bhakSaka ho gayA hai| use apane svArtha ke alAvA kucha bhI dRSTigata nahIM hotaa| jaba usakA mana artha parigraha se grasita hotA hai, taba vaha ucita-anucita kisI bhI taraha se dhana saMgraha karatA hai, anAvazyaka pratiyogI bana jAtA hai| aisI sthiti meM jIvana mUlya evaM mAnavIya guNa mAnava se lAkhoM kosa dUra bhaTakane lagate haiN| yahI dazA Aja hai| ina jIvana mUlyoM evaM mAnavIya guNoM ko sthApita karane ke liye yA jIvana meM AtmasAt karane ke liye tIrthaMkaroM ne apane upadezoM se jIvana mUlyoM evaM mAnavIya guNoM ko kathAoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA hai| prAkRta sAhitya meM ye kathAyeM Agama, TIkAoM, cUrNiyoM evaM svataMtra kathA graMthoM meM milatI haiN| ina kathAoM ke mAdhyama se hI jIvadayA, karuNA, ahiMsA, aparigraha, dAna, zIla, tapa, bhAvanA, brahmacarya, satya, saMyama, zaraNAgatavAtsalya, prema, sauhArdra, sahaastitva Adi AdarzoM ko janasAmAnya ke hRdaya meM utArane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| jIva-rakSA kA liye vratoM ke pAlana karane ke liye kahA gayA hai| Agama graMthoM meM jJAtAdharmakathA meM megha kumAra ke pUrvabhava ke rUpa meM meruprabha hAthI kI kathA AyI hai jo apane pAMva ke khajalAne ke liye Upara uThAtA hai| usa sthAna para kaI choTechoTe jIva Azraya le lete haiN| vaha jIva rakSA kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa svayaM apane prANa tyAga detA hai| aisI hI kathA AkhyAnakamaNikoza tathA ahiMsA ke mahattva rUpa meM kathAratnakoza meM yajJadata kI kathA meM AyI hai| jJAtadharmakathA meM eka kaulika kasAI kI kathA AtI hai, jo hamezA pAr3A mArA karatA hai| atyaMta pApa karane ke kAraNa rAjA use sUkhe kueM meM dhakela detA hai, * saha AcArya evaM adhyakSa, jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga, sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura, (rAja0)

Page #43
38 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 phira bhI vaha kueM meM apane pasIne ke mala se pAr3A banAkara mAratA rahatA hai| hiMsA kI durbhAvanA ke kAraNa use kaI yoniyoM meM bhaTakanA par3atA hai| aisI hI kathA anya graMthoM meM bhI kucha hera-phera ke sAtha milatI hai| jIva rakSA ke rUpa meM bAja evaM kabUtara kI kathA ahiMsA, jIvarakSA zaraNAgatavAtsalya kA pratinidhitva karatI hai| rayaNacUDarAyacariyaM meM bhI eka kathA AI hai jisameM hAthI, hathinI jaMgala meM Aga lagane ke kAraNa anya jaMgala meM cale jAte haiM tathA ve mare nhiiN|' ahiMsA ke sAtha-sAtha jJAtAdharmakathA meM saMyama ke mahattva ke rUpa meM zrRMgAla evaM do kachuoM kI kathA hai jisameM saMyama kA mahattva batAyA gayA hai| prAkRta kathA sAhitya ke antargata ratnazekhara nRpakathA meM batAyA gayA hai hai ki parva ke dinoM meM apanI patnI ratnavatI dvArA saMbhoga kI yAcanA karane para bhI usako ThukarA detA hai, usake phalasvarUpa use vijayazrI milatI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM zIla evaM saMyama ke rUpa meM rAjImatI kI kathA prasiddha hai jisameM vaha upadeza dekara pratibodhita karatI hai| saMyama evaM zIla kA anyonya saMbaMdha hai| zIla mahAtmya kI kathAyeM AgamoM se lekara svataMtra kathA graMthoM meM milatI haiN| jJAtAdharmakathA ke 8veM mallI adhyayana meM rAjakumArI mallI ne svarNa pratimA ke mastaka se Dhakkana haTAyA to eka sar3AMdha gandha nikalI aura loga bhAgane lge| taba usane kahA "mAnava meM kitane azuci padArtha bhare hue haiM phira unake pIche itanA rAga kyoM hai|"" aisI hI kathA kucha parivartana ke sAtha rayaNacUDarAyacariyaM meM bhI milatI hai| rAjA ke Asakta hone para usako samajhAne ke liye madanasuMdarI alaga-alaga raMga ke rezamI vastroM se Dhakakara vibhinna vyaMjanoM kA bhojana rakhakara eka hI svAda batAkara upadezita karatI hai ki striyAM sabhI eka jaisI hotI haiM, kevala unakI sundaratA bAhya AvaraNa hai| prAkRta sAhitya meM AkhyAnakamaNikoza meM rohiNI adhyayana meM rohiNI kI kathA AtI hai, jisameM seTha ke videza cale jAne para rAjA dvArA seThANI para Asakta honA, totA evaM bilAva dvArA upadezita kara zIla evaM saMyama kI rakSA karanA batAyA gayA hai| prAkRta-kathA-saMgraha meM bhI jayalakSmI devI evaM suMdarI devI kA kathAnaka zIla mahAtmya kA udAharaNa hai|11 zIla-rakSA ke rUpa meM prabhAvatI evaM madanavinoda kI kathA hai jisameM seTha ke videza cale jAne para prabhAvatI para-puruSa meM Asakta ho jAtI hai| kAmuka prabhAvatI ko sArikA ne roka liyA evaM zuka ne to use 70 kahAniyAM sunAkara usake zIla kI rakSA kii|12 isI prakAra 16 satiyoM ke kathAnaka zIla-rakSA ke anupama udAharaNa haiN| zIla-saMyama ke sAtha-sAtha dAna kI bhI apanI mahattA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA meM dAna ke rUpa meM draupadI ke pUrva bhava rUpa meM nAmazrI kI kathA hai jisameM kaMjUsI ke kAraNa sAdhuoM ko vaha kaTuka tumbA kA AhAra de detI hai| jise vaha sAdhu jamIna para DAlane ke bajAya svayaM khAkara apane prANoM kI Ahuti de detA hai kintu anya choTe jIvoM ko bacAtA hai, nahIM to kitane hI kIr3e-makor3e mara jaate|

Page #44
prAkRta sAhitya kA kathAtmaka mahattva : 39 isameM jIva rakSA evaM kRpaNatA ke duSpariNAma batAye gaye haiM jisase kaI yoniyoM taka bhaTakanA par3atA hai|13 yahI kathA AkhyAnakamaNikoza meM AtI hai|14 kRpaNatA ke duSpariNAma evaM dAna ke mahattva ke rUpa meM rayaNacUDarAyacariyaM meM nAgazrI ke pUrva bhava rUpa meM IzvarI seThAnI kI kathA hai jisameM atyaMta kRpaNatA evaM kaTu vacana bolane ke kAraNa aneka yoniyoM meM bhaTakakara aMta meM sAdhu ko bhakti bhAva se AhAra dAna ke kAraNa nAgazrI ke rUpa meM janma letI hai|15 prAkRtakathAsaMgraha meM bhI dAna ke mahattva ke rUpa meM dhanadeva-dhanadatta kathAnaka evaM jaya rAjarSi kI kathA aura dAna kI kRpaNatA ke liye kRpaNa zreSThI ke kathAnaka Aye haiN|16 AhAra dAna ke bAda jJAna dAna evaM abhaya dAna kI mahattA ke rUpa meM kramaza: dhanadatta evaM jayarAjarSi kI kathA kathAratnakoza meM AtI hai|17 dAna ke sAtha tapa kA bhI apanA mahattva hai| tapa do prakAra kA hotA hai| bAhya va aabhyNtaa| kintu kathA bheda ke rUpa meM na Akara kevala tapa ke mahattva ke rUpa meM AtI hai| ye kathAyeM jJAtAdharmakathA, rayaNacUDarAyacariyaM, AkhyAnakamaNikoza, kathAratnakoza evaM prAkRtakathAsaMgraha meM milatI hai| prAkRtakathAsaMgraha meM mRgAMka lekhA kathAnaka hai|18 bhAvanA dharma ke rUpa meM AkhyAnakamaNikoza meM dramaka, ilApatra aura bharata kA AkhyAna hai|19 bhAvanA kA sabase adhika mahattva hai| jaisI ApakI bhAvanA hotI hai vaise hI karma pariNati hotI hai| jaise "jAkI rahI bhAvanA jaisI, prabhu dekhI tina mUrata taisii|" yahI lezyA hai, yahI manovijJAna hai| bhAvanA se hI mana zuddha-azuddha hotA hai| usI ke anusAra karmaphala bhoganA par3atA hai| rayaNacUDa meM sUranaMdA ke pUrva bhava ke rUpa meM eka kabUtara evaM usake rakSA kI kathA AtI hai| bAga meM rati-kIDA karate samaya use yaha kaha kara ur3A diyA jAtA hai ki vaha kabhI nahIM mile jisake pariNAmasvarUpa use kaI yoniyoM meM bhaTakanA par3atA hai|20 bhAvanA kA mahattva batAne ke liye prAkRtakathAsaMgraha meM dharmadatta aura bahabuddhi kA kathAnaka hai|21 karmaphala evaM bhAvanA ke rUpa meM vipAkasUtra meM mRgAputra ke pUrvabhava kI kathA varNita hai jisameM vaha bhraSTa, juArI evaM vyabhicArI thaa|22 rayaNacUDakathA meM bhI cakavA-cakavI ko raMgIna kara diyA gayA tAki ve kabhI nahIM mila skeN|23 kaSAya bhI mAnavIya guNa aura jIvana mUlyoM ko naSTa karate haiN| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, moha ye kathAyeM kuvalayamAlAkahA meM atyaMta prabhAvazAlI evaM rocaka DhaMga se prastuta kI gaI haiN| isameM kathAoM ke viSaya ke AdhAra para nAma rakha kara bar3e prabhAvaka DhaMga se samajhAyA gayA hai| caNDasoma, mAnabhaTTa, mAyAditya, lokadeva aura mohadatta ke janmajanmAMtaroM kI kathAyeM haiN| ye pAMcoM nAma pAMcoM kathAoM ke pratIka rUpa meM haiN|24 lobha ke dRSTAMta uttarAdhyayana meM saMketa ke rUpa meM milate haiM jaise "jahA lAho tahA loho lAhA loho, pvddddi| do mAsaM-kayaM kajjaM, koDIe vi na nitttthiy||25 arthAt do mAsA sonA

Page #45
40 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 cAhane vAlA brAhmaNa karor3oM se lekara rAjapATa taka A gyaa| isaliye lobha kI koI sImA nahIM hai| duSpariNAma ke rUpa meM kaue aura mRta hAthI kI kathA bhI AtI hai| lobha ke sAtha-sAtha moha jIvanamUlya evaM mAnavIya guNoM ko naSTa karane vAlA hai| moha se usakI soca ekAntika ho jAtI hai| vaha eka hI ke bAre meM socatA hai| jJAtAdharmakathA meM malli kI kathA evaM kuvalayamAlA meM vaNiksundarI kI kathA AtI hai jisameM vaha apane cahete pati ke mRtyu hone para bhI usakI lAza ko cha: mahIne kaMdhe para lekara ghUmatI rahatI hai| parijanoM dvArA samajhAne para jaba moha zithila hotA hai taba usakA aMtima saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai|26 yahI kathA pAtroM ke hera-phera ke sAtha paumacariu meM bhI AtI hai jisameM rAma lakSmaNa kA zava cha: mahIne taka lekara ghUmate rahate haiN| devatAoM dvArA apratyakSa rUpa se samajhAne para aMtima saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai|27 rayaNacUDarAyacariyaM meM zaMkha rAjA evaM viSNuzrI kI kathA hai, jisameM zava meM kIr3e lagane ke bAda hI dAha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai|28 indriyajanya viSaya-vAsanA Adi bhI jIvana mUlyoM kA hrAsa karane vAle haiN| ye vAstava meM kiMpAka phala ke samAna haiM jo svAda meM madhura kintu prANanAzaka hotA hai vaise hI yaha viSaya-vAsanA evaM kAma-bhoga haiN| aisI pratIkAtmaka madhu bindu dRSTAMta samarAiccakahA, kuvalayamAlA Adi aneka graMthoM meM milate haiM, jisake pIche viSayavAsanA ko niyaMtraNa evaM usake duSpariNAma samajhAye gaye haiN|29 AkhyAnakamaNikoza meM indriyavaza kathAnaka meM upakozA, bhadrA, nRpasutA, sukumArikA AkhyAna Ate haiN| jinameM viSaya-vAsanA ke duSpariNAma samajhAye gaye haiN| kathAratnakoza meM sujama seTha evaM usake putroM kI kathA AI hai|31 kAmavAsanAoM ke mUla meM sAta vyasana haiM jaise madya, mAMsa, juA, corI, zikAra, parastrIgamana aadi| mAMsa-bhakSaNa ke rUpa meM sodAma nRpa kA kathanAka milatA hai jisameM vaha mAMsa-bhakSaNa hetu muni ko mArane ke liye bhI tatpara ho jAtA hai| kiMtu aMta meM rAjA ko jJAna hotA hai aura vairAgya kI ora agrasara ho jAtA hai|32 AkhyAnakamaNikoza meM hI corI ke rUpa meM nUpura paMDita kA AkhyAna AtA hai jisameM corI ke duSpariNAma batAye gaye haiN|33 rAga bhI moha ko paidA karane vAle hote haiN| AkhyAnakamaNikoza meM hI vaNikpatnIAkhyAnaka meM anya premI meM Asakti ke kAraNa apane pati kI hatyA kara detI hai| mAyAditya kathAnaka bhI rAga ke duSpariNAma ko spaSTa karatA hai|34 inake alAvA ghamaNDa bhI mAnavI guNoM kA hrAsa karatA hai| ghamaNDa ke duSpariNAma ke liye baMdara aura bayA kI evaM ghamaNDI gIdar3a kI kathA hai jisameM bhayaMkara duSpariNAma bhogane par3ate haiN|35 ina jIvana mUlyoM ke alAvA prema, sauhArda, saha-astitva, paropakAra, loka kalyANa Adi ke bhAva milate haiN| prema kI atizayatA ke rUpa meM zakuna-zakunI kI kathA AtI hai| zakuna-zakunI jamadAgni RSi kI dADhI meM ghoMsalA banAte haiN| RSi

Page #46
prAkRta sAhitya kA kathAtmaka mahattva : 41 marane ke Dara se evaM prema kI parAkASThA ke kAraNa eka dUsare kI saugandha nahIM khAte haiN| yahI kathA vasudevahiNDI meM bhI AtI hai / 37 36 uparyukta kathAoM ke AdhAra para prAkRta sAhitya meM dAna, zIla, tapa-bhAvanA, ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, aparigraha, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, moha Adi kaSAyoM, jIvadayA, brahmacarya zaraNAgatavAtsalya, maitrI, sadAcAra, prema, jinavaMdana, loka-kalyANa Adi jIvana mUlyoM evaM mAnavIya guNoM se ota-prota kathAoM kA samAveza hai| ye kathAyeM vAstava meM dArzanika gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne meM sahAyaka haiM jo mAnava samAja evaM deza ke vikAsa meM atyanta upayogI haiN| ye kathAyeM aMgUra ke gucchoM ke samAna haiM jinheM binA kucha prayAsa karane para bhI AtmasAt kiyA jA sakatA hai| inheM jIvana meM AsAnI se utAra kara prANI apanA kalyANa kara sakatA hai| Aja ke yuga meM pracalita dAnavIya pravRttiyAM, aneka avaguNoM, tanAva, lobha, moha Adi samasyAoM kA samAdhAna ina kathAoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA jA sakatA hai| ina kathAoM meM mAnava se bhI jyAdA zreSTha pazu-pakSI haiM, jo saMyama, zIla, anuzAsana, zaraNAgatavAtsalya Adi guNoM se ota-prota haiN| mAnava ko bhI usase kucha sIkhanA cAhiye tabhI hamArA kalyANa saMbhava hai| sandarbha : 1. (a) jJAtAdharmakathA, adhyayana- 4. (ba) nemicaMdra zAstrI, haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana, pR0 83. 2. zAstrI, pUrvokta, pR0 492. 3. hukamacaMda jaina, rayaNacUDarAyacariyaM kA samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 48. 4. vahI, pR0 437. 5. vahI, anu05, pR0 54. (ba) jAtaka khaNDa 4, 'zivi jAtaka' 6. jJAtAdharmakathA, karma adhyayana 7. sudhA khAbyA, ratnazekharInRpakathA kA samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 234. 8. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyayana - 22. 9. dazavaikAlikaniryukti, adhyAya- 2, gAthA kramAMka 8. 10. hukamacaMda jaina, pUrvokta, pR0 39. 11. (a) AcArya nemicaMdrasUrikRta AkhyAnakamaNikoza, rohiNyAkhyAnakam, saMpA0 muni puNyavijaya, vArANasI 1962 I0, pR0 63-64. (ba) premasumana jaina, rohiNI kathAnaka, pR0 29, gAthA, 63 se 68.

Page #47
42 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 12. nemicandra zAstrI, pUrvokta, pR0 100. 13. jagadIzacaMdra jaina, prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 4. 14. jJAtAdharmakathA, draupadI ke puurvbhv| 15.AkhyAnakamaNikoza, nAgazrIbrAhmaNyAkhyAnakam, pR0 43 se 46. 16. hukamacaMda jaina, pUrvokta, pR0 500-501. 17. nemicaMdra zAstrI, pUrvokta, pR0 100. 18. vahI, pR0 82. 19. vahI, pR0 100 20. AkhyAnakamaNikoza, pR0 81. 21. hukamacaMda jaina, pUrvokta, pR0 70. 22. nemicaMdra zAstrI, pUrvokta, pR0 100. 23. madhukara muni, vipAka sUtra, pR0 45. 24. nemicaMdra zAstrI, pUrvokta, pR0 274. 25-26. uttarAdhyayana, 8/17. 27. kuvalamAlAkahA, 'vaNik sundarI kI kathA', pR0 225. 28. svayaMbhUkRta paumacariu, bhAga-5, 88vIM saMdhi, 1-12. 29. hukamacaMda jaina, pUrvokta, pR0 70. 30.jagadIzacandra jaina, prAkRta kathA sAhitya, pR0 5. 31. AkhyAnakamaNikoza, pR0 183 se 187. 32. nemicaMdra zAstrI, pUrvokta, pR0 82. 33. AkhyAnakamaNikoza, pR0 188 se 189. 34. vahI, pR0 222-223. 35. (a) AcArya hemacaMdra pariziSTaparva, 25, pR0 118 se 124. __ (ba) kathAsaritsAgara, khaNDa - 4. 36.jagadIzacaMdra jaina, prAkRta kathA sAhitya, pR0 5. 37. vasudevahiNDI, pR0 235-37.

Page #48
saMvegaraMgazAlA meM pratipAdita maraNa ke satraha prakAra sAdhvI priyadivyAMjanAzrI* jainadharma meM gRhastha upAsakoM evaM zramaNa sAdhakoM - donoM ke lie samabhAva pUrvaka mRtyu-varaNa kA vidhAna hai| mRtyu-jIvana kA eka aTala satya hai| jisa taraha jIvana jInA eka kalA hai, usI taraha maraNa bhI eka kalA hai| vyakti mRtyu se bhayabhIta hokara pratipala bacane kI koziza karatA hai, kintu aparihArya banI mRtyu se bhayabhIta na hokara samabhAva pUrvaka usakA svAgata karanA caahie| jaba kisI bhAvAveza meM Akara jIvana se nirAza ho kara viSAdi ke prayoga se svayaM ko khatma kiyA jAtA hai taba vaha mRtyu kA svAgata nahIM, AtmahatyA hai| AtmA ke jo nija guNa haiM, unakA vikAsa Atma zodhana kahalAtA hai| Atma zodhana kA prathama sopAna hai - jIvana zailI meM sudhaar| jIvana ko nirmala bnaanaa| jIvana meM nirmalatA sadguNoM aura sadbhAvanAoM ke vikAsa se utpanna hotI hai| jIvana zailI ke samyak parimArjana se maraNa bhI zAntimaya hotA hai| jisakA jIvana Adarza hotA hai, usakA maraNa bhI Adarza hotA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti atithi ko deva mAnatI hai| isalie kahA gayA hai 'atithi devo bhv'| atithi vaha hai jisake Ane kI koI tithi jJAta na ho| isa dRSTi se.saccA atithi to mRtyu hai usake Ane kI tithi bhale hI jJAta na ho kintu usakA AnA to nizcita hai| jIvana eka pravAha hai| kahA gayA hai "hai samaya nadI kI dhAra, jisameM saba baha jAyA karate haiN| lekina kucha loga aise hote haiM, jo itihAsa banAyA karate haiN|' kintu itihAsa banAne se pahale mRtyu ke aTala satya ko jAnanA jarUrI hai| ata: jaina manISiyoM ne maraNa ke aneka prakAroM kA vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA hai kintu yahAM kevala saMvegaraMgazAlA meM pratipAdita maraNa ke satraha prakAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| saMvegaraMgazAlA ke kartA jinacandrasUri 'prathama' haiN| jinacandrasUri ne apanI kRti ke prathama parikarma dvAra ke gyArahaveM pratidvAra meM maraNavibhakti kI carcA kI hai| jisameM maraNa ke satraha prakAroM kA vivecana kiyA hai| saMvegaraMgazAlA ke kartA jinacandrasUri * zrIvicakSaNa bhavana, 7 zAntinAtha kI galI, choTA sarAphA, ujjaina (madhya pradeza)

Page #49
44 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 kA kahanA hai ki jIvana meM antima ArAdhanA hetu sarva vastu kA tyAga anivArya hai, kintu sarvasva kA tyAga mRtyu se hI sambhava hai, ata: mRtyu sambandhI carcA hetu maiM maraNavibhakti nAmaka upadvAra ko kahatA huuN| maraNa ke nimna satraha prakAra haiM - (1) AvIcimaraNa (2) avadhimaraNa (3) AtyAntikamaraNa (4) balAyamaraNa (5) vazArtamaraNa (6) anta:zalyamaraNa (7) tadbhavamaraNa (8) bAlamaraNa (9) paNDitamaraNa (10) bAlapaNDitamaraNa (11) chadmasthamaraNa (12) kevalImaraNa (13) vehAyasamaraNa (14) gRddhapRSThamaraNa (15) bhaktaparijJAmaraNa (16) iMginImaraNa aura (17) paadpogmnmrnn| (1) AvIcimaraNa :- saMvegaraMgazAlA ke anusAra pratisamaya AyuSya karma kA kSaya honA hI AvIcimaraNa hai| vIci arthAt jala kI taraMga, jisa prakAra jala meM eka taraMga ke pazcAt dUsarI taraMga uThatI hai, usI prakAra AyuSya karma ke dalika pratisamaya udaya meM Akara naSTa hote rahate haiN| AyuSya karma ke dalikoM kA pratisamaya kSaya honA hI AvIci maraNa hai| ata: pratisamaya hone vAlA maraNa hI AvIcimaraNa hai| (2) avadhimaraNa :- narakAdi gatiyoM meM utpanna hone ke nimittabhUta AyuSyakarma ke dalikoM ko bhogakara vartamAna meM mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai punaH usI prakAra ke karma dalikoM ko bAndhakara unako bhI usI prakAra bhogakara maratA hai, aise maraNa ko saMvegaraMgazAlA meM avadhimaraNa kahA gayA hai| (3) AtyAntikamaraNa :- jo jIva narakAdi bhavoM meM jina AyuSya karma ke dalikoM ko bhogakara mare aura puna: kabhI bhI usI prakAra ke karma-dalikoM ko na bhoge arthAt anubhava nahIM kare, to use AtyAntika maraNa kahate haiN| (4) balAyamaraNa :- jo jIva saMyama lekara tInoM yoga-manoyoga, vacanayoga aura kAyayoga se cyuta ho gayA ho arthAt saMyamI jIvana se patita ho gayA hai, aisI sthiti meM jo maratA hai, usakA maraNa balAyamaraNa kahalAtA hai| (5) vazArttamaraNa :- saMvegaraMgazAlA meM jinacandrasUri ne maraNa ke pA~cave prakAra kA ullekha karate hue yaha kahA hai ki jo jIva indriyoM ke viSayoM meM Asakta hokara maraNa ko prApta hotA hai, use vazAlaimaraNa kahate haiN| (6) antaHzalyamaraNa :- prastutakRti ke anusAra jo lajjAvaza athavA abhimAnavaza apane duzcaritra ko guru ke samakSa prakaTa nahIM karate haiM athavA jo gAkharUpa kIcar3a meM phaMse hue hone se apane doSoM ko guru ke samakSa prakaTa nahIM karate haiM, ve

Page #50
saMvegaraMgazAlA meM pratipAdita maraNa ke satraha prakAra : 45 nizcaya se ArAdhaka nahIM hote haiN| anta samaya meM unake darzana, jJAna aura cAritra zalyayukta hone se unakA maraNa antaHzalyamaraNa kahalAtA hai| (7) tadbhavamaraNa :- saMvegaraMgazAlA ke anusAra jo jIva antas meM zalya rakhakara maraNa ko prApta hotA hai, vaha jIva mahAbhayaMkara saMsAra aTavI meM lambe samaya taka paribhramaNa karatA hai| tatpazcAt puna: manuSya athavA tiryaMca bhava ke yogya AyuSyakarma ko bAMdhakara marane vAle manuSya evaM tiryaMca kA maraNa tadbhava maraNa kahalAtA hai| (8) bAlamaraNa :- jinacandrasUri apanI kRti saMvegaraMgazAlA meM bAlamaraNa kA ullekha karate hue likhate haiM ki tapa, niyama, saMyamAdi se rahita avirata jIvoM kI mRtyu ko bAlamaraNa kahate haiN| (9) paNDitamaraNa :- saMvegaraMgazAlA meM yama, niyama, saMyama Adi sarvaviratiyukta jIva kI mRtyu ko paNDitamaraNa kahate haiN| (10) bAlapaNDitamaraNa :- saMvegaraMgazAlA meM bAlapaNDitamaraNa para prakAza DAlate hae kahA gayA hai ki dezavirati ko svIkAra karake jo jIva mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai, usakA maraNa bAlapaNDitamaraNa kahalAtA hai| (11) chadmasthamaraNa :- matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna aura mana: paryavajJAna se yukta chadmastha kA maraNa chadmasthamaraNa kahalAtA hai| (12) kevalImaraNa : - jo jIva kevalajJAna prApta karake mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai usake maraNa ko kevalImaraNa kahate haiN| (13) behAyasa (vairadAnasa) maraNa :- jo jIva gale meM phAMsI Adi lagAkara maraNa ko prApta hotA hai usa maraNa ko saMvegaraMgazAlA meM vehAyasa (vaikhAnasa) maraNa kahA gayA hai| (14) gRddhapRSThamaraNa :- saMvegaraMgazAlA ke anusAra jo jIva gRddhAdi ke bhakSaNa dvArA maraNa ko prApta hotA hai, to usa maraNa ko gRddhapRSThamaraNa kahA gayA hai| (15) bhaktaparijJAmaraNa :- saMvegaraMgazAlA meM bhaktaparijJAmaraNa para prakAza DAlate hue yaha nirUpita kiyA gayA hai ki jIva ne isa saMsAra meM anAdikAla se AhAra grahaNa kiyA hai, phira bhI isa jIva ko AhAra se tRpti nahIM huii| isa jIva ko usake prati itanI ruci hai - jaise pahale kabhI usakA nAma sunA nahIM ho athavA use dekhA nahIM ho, athavA kabhI khAyA nahIM ho athavA use prathama bAra hI milA ho| isa prakAra vaha AhAra ke prati lAlAyita banA rahatA hai| kintu jisa AhAra ke prati yaha jIva banA hai, vaha azucitya Adi aneka prakAra ke vikAroM ko utpanna karane vAlA hai| usakI

Page #51
46 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 Asakti pApabandha kA kAraNa hai| ata: aise AhAra ko grahaNa karane se aba mujhe kyA lAbha hai? isa taraha vicAra kara vaha jJAnI bhagavantoM ke vacanAnusAra viSaya-bhogoM ke heya svarUpa ko jAnakara unakA pratyAkhyAna karatA hai| pratyAkhyAna meM sAdhaka cAroM prakAra ke AhAra, pAnI, bAhyaupadhi (vastra, pAtrAdi) aura Abhayantara upadhi (rAgAdi) ina sarva kA yAvajjIvana ke lie tyAga karatA hai| isa prakAra jo jIva tIna prakAra athavA cAroM prakAra ke AhAra kA yAvajjIvana pratyAkhyAna karatA hai, usa bhaktaparijJA svIkAra karake maraNa ko prApta karanA bhaktaparijJAmaraNa kahalAtA hai| bhaktaparijJA grahaNa karane vAloM ko zarIra kI sevA suzrUSAdi karane kI chUTa hotI hai| bhaktaparijJA maraNa ke savicAra aura avicAra isa prakAra do bheda haiM - . (1) jisameM vyakti vicArapUrvaka nizcaya karake kramaza: AhArAdi kA tyAga karate hue deha tyAga karatA hai, use savicArabhaktaparijJAmaraNa kahate haiN| .. (2) kisI Akasmika vipadA ke kAraNa jisa muni kA AhArAdi ke kramaza: tyAga karane kA samaya na ho arthAt anAyAsamaraNa ke upasthita ho jAne para jo vyakti samabhAvapUrvaka mRtyu ko svIkAra karatA hai use avicArabhaktaparijJAmaraNa kahate haiN| saMvegaraMgazAlA meM avicArabhaktaparijJAmaraNa ko nimna tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai - (1) niruddha (2) niruddhattara aura (3) parama niruddhttr| (1) niruddha :- isameM tatkAla maraNa kA kAraNa upasthita ho jAne para arthAt asAdhya rogAdi ke hone para apane hI saMgha meM rahakara tathA dUsaroM kI sahAyatA se ArAdhanA karate hue deha tyAga karanA niruddha avicAra bhaktaparijJAmaraNa kahalAtA hai| yaha maraNa bhI prakAza aura aprakAza - isa taraha do prakAra kA hai| (2) niruddhattara :- saMvegaraMgazAlA ke anusAra sarpa 'agni' siMha Adi ke nimitta se tatkAla AyuSya ko samApta hotA huA jAnakara muni kI jaba taka vANI banda nahIM huI ho aura citta vyathita nahIM huA ho taba taka samIpa meM rahe hue AcAryAdi ke samakSa samyaka rUpa se avicAroM kI AlocanA karanA aura phira AhArAdi kA tyAga karake deha tyAga karanA niruddhattara avicArabhaktaparijJAmaraNa kahA jAtA hai| (3) parama niruddhattara :- rogAdi athavA anAyAsa maraNa tathA anya kisI nimitta ke upasthita ho jAne se jaba sAdhaka kI vANI bhI banda ho jAe arthAt bolane meM asamartha ho jAe, taba usI samaya mana se hI cAroM zaraNa ko svIkAra kara sarva

Page #52
saMvegaraMgazAlA meM pratipAdita maraNa ke satraha prakAra : 47 sAdhuoM se kSamAyAcanApUrvaka Atma AlocanA karake cAroM AhAra kA tyAga karake zarIra ko tyAga denA hI paramaniruddhattara avicArabhaktaparijJAmaraNa kahA jAtA hai| (16) iMginImaraNa :- saMvegaraMgazAlA meM iMginImaraNa kA artha banAte hue kahA gayA hai ki kSapaka gamanAgamana hetu kSetra kI sImA nirdhArita karake hI usa kSetra meM ceSTA karate hue anazana dvArA deha tyAga karanA hI iMginImaraNa hai| yaha maraNa cAroM prakAra kA AhAra tyAga karane vAle, zarIra kI sevA-zuzrUSA nahIM karAne vAle aura eka vizeSa kSetra meM rahakara deha tyAga karane vAle ko hI prApta hotA hai| isa grantha meM iMginImaraNa ko grahaNa karanevAle eka prajJAvAna muni ko anukUla evaM pratikala upasargoM kI kisa prakAra sahana karanA cAhie, isakA bhI sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai| iMginImaraNa bhaktaparijJA se viziSTa maraNa hai| bhaktaparijJA meM kI jAne vAlI sAdhanA to isameM bhI kI hI jAtI hai kintu isameM sAdhaka dUsaroM se kisI prakAra kI sevA na lekara saMthArA grahaNa karane ke anantara svayaM hI zarIra ke AkuMcana, prasAraNa, uccAra Adi kI kriyAe~ karatA hai| (17) pAdapopagamanamaraNa :- saMvegaraMgazAlA ke anusAra maraNa ke isa antima prakAra meM sAdhaka binA halana-calana kie mRtyu paryanta kaTe hue per3a kI taraha eka sthAna para par3A rahakara deha tyAga karatA hai| ise pAdapopagamanamaraNa kahate haiN| isa maraNa ke nimna do prakAra haiM - nIhArima aura aniihaarim| (1) sAdhaka ko koI haraNakara yA uThAkara le jAe aura isa prakAra usakA deha tyAga anya sthAna para ho to use nIharimapAdapopagamanamaraNa kahate haiN| (2) yadi sAdhaka apane sthAna para hI mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai to use anIhArima pAdapopagamanamaraNa kahate haiN| isa maraNa ko svIkAra karane vAlA sAdhaka na svayaM zarIra kI sevA, zuzrUSA karatA hai, na dUsaroM se sevA karavAtA hai| vaha zarIra ke prati pUrNata: mamatva kA tyAga karatA hai| kisI ke dvArA zarIra ko gandha vilepana Adi lagAne yA deha ko kATa dene para bhI muni kisI prakAra kI pratikriyA nahIM karatA hai| vaha zarIra ko jar3avat chor3a detA hai kyoMki vaha halana-calana kI pravRtti se rahita hotA hai| saMvegaraMgazAlA kA yaha virvacana mUlataH AgamAdhArita hai| sarvaprathama samavAyAMgasUtra' meM maraNa ke uparyukta satraha prakAroM kA ullekha hai| samavAyAMga aura saMveraMgazAlA ke nAmoM evaM unake anukramoM meM samAnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| isase yaha nizcita hotA hai ki granthakartA jinacandrasUri ne maraNa ke ina bhedoM kA ullekha isI Agama grantha ke AdhAra para kiyA hai|

Page #53
48 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 bhagavatIArAdhanA meM bhI maraNa ke nimna satraha prakAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saMvegaraMgazAlA evaM bhagavatIArAdhanA meM maraNa ke ina satraha prakAroM meM sAmAnya taura para to samAnatA hI dRSTigocara hotI hai, lekina kahIM-kahIM kucha meM evaM unakI krama saMkhyA meM kucha vibhinnatA bhI dikhAI detI hai| ___ udAharaNasvarUpa bhagavatIArAdhanA meM avadhimaraNa ke do vibhAga dezAvadhimaraNa aura sarvAvadhimaraNa milate haiM, lekina saMvegaraMgazAlA meM avadhimaraNa kA isa taraha se spaSTa vargIkaraNa nahIM huA hai| saMvegaraMgazAlA meM chadmastha maraNa kA ullekha hai, jabaki bhagavatIArAdhanA meM isa nAma ke kisI maraNa kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| bhagavatIArAdhanA meM AsaNNamaraNa kI carcA hai, jisakA vivaraNa saMvegaraMgazAlA meM nahIM hai| ina vibhinnatAoM ke atirikta maraNa ke prakAroM ke sambandha meM koI anya antara parilakSita nahIM hotA hai| saMvegaraMgazAlA ke paravartI granthoM meM hameM AcArya nemicandra ke pravacanasAroddhAra meM bhI saMvegaraMgazAlA ke samAna hI maraNa ke 17 bhedoM kA ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| isa maraNa ke satraha bhedoM kI yaha carcA Agama kAla se lekara IsA kI solahavIM zatI taka niraMtara rUpa se jainadharma ke sabhI sampradAyoM ke granthoM meM upalabdha hotI hai| sandarbha : 1. samavAyAMgasUtra 17/121. 2. bhagavatIArAdhanA, gAthA 25. 3. pravacanasAroddhAra, gAthA 1006-1017.

Page #54
sunA phUTatA hai| jaina AgamoM meM saMgIta - vijJAna zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 julAI-sitambara 2004 sadA-sadA se hI manuSya saMgIta, premI rahA hai| yugaliyA kAla meM (jaba sabhyatA kI zuruAta bhI nahIM huI thI, taba ) bhI manuSya tUryAMga jAti ke kalpavRkSoM se vAditra prApta kara saMgIta sunatA thA (samavAyAMga sUtra, samavAya 10, pR0 21 - 24, byAvara ) / sabhyatA kA prAraMbha hone ke bAda to usane apane lie na jAne kitane vAdya yaMtra banA lie, kitanI hI rAga-rAginiyoM kA AviSkAra kara liyaa| sAdhvI DaoN0 maMjuzrI * hai, Aja bhI kaI jaMgaloM meM aisI vanaspatiyA~ haiM jinase rAtri meM saMgIta manuSya ne pattharoM meM bhI saMgIta DhUMDhA hai| dakSiNa bhArata kI yAtrA ke daurAna kaI pattharoM meM se nikane vAlI saMgIta kI dhvaniyoM ko hamane bhI sunA hai| hampI zahara (karnATaka) mukhya maMdira meM lage hue stambhoM ko bajAne para unameM se bhI alaga-alaga svaralahariyA~ nikalatI haiN| ke vAyu bhI jaba svastha aura prasanna hotI hai, to usameM se bhI pravAhita hotA saMgIta hamane sunA hai| kala-kala karatI nadiyoM aura jhara-jhara jharate nirjharoM kA saMgIta to sarva-janaprasiddha hai hI / zaMkhoM kI madhura caTakAra, jhallariyoM kI jhanakAra, bhauroM kA guMjAra, koyala kI kuhuka, pakSiyoM kI cahaka prakRti ke suramya vAtAvaraNa meM saMgIta kA rasa gholatI hI hai| vanaspati, pRthvI, vAyu, jala evaM dvIndriya se lekara paMceMdriya tiryaMcoM ke ukta svaroM ko sura dene kA kArya saMsAra ke sarvazreSTha prANI 'manuSya' ne kiyA hai| saMgItakalA-vijJAnI manuSyoM ne ina suroM ko sAta svaroM meM vargIkRta karate hue inakI vyApakatA aura gaharAI ko samajhAne kA zlAghya / mahAn kArya kiyA hai| sapta svara - vivecanA: jainAgamoM meM bhI saMgIta kalA ko striyoM kI 64 kalAoM ke antargata vizeSa sthAna prApta hai| AgamoM meM yatra-tatra saMgIta-saMbaMdhI vivaraNa upalabdha hote haiN| yahA~ unakI vistRta vivecanA saMbhava nahIM hai| yahA~ to hama sirpha * zrI candrasena jaina, jI- 23, ma0naM0 15, sekTara- 7, rohiNI - dillI - 85

Page #55
50 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 sthAnAMgasUtra tathA anuyogadvAra sUtra meM ullikhita 'sama-svara-vivecanA' ko saMkSepa meM prastuta kara rahe haiN| ise 'svara maMDala sUtra' ke nAma se donoM zAstroM meM nibaddha kiyA gayA hai| yaha varNana hama yahA~ anuyogadvArasUtra (sUtrakAra-AryarakSita, vI0ni0saM0 592 vi0saM0 122) ke anusAra likha rahe haiN| kucheka pAThAntaroM ke sAtha yaha saMpUrNa varNana sthAnAMgasUtra ke saptama sthAna meM prApta hotA hai| 'sAta nAma' ke antargata sAta svaroM kI vivecanA karate hue anuyogadvArasUtra (pR0 179-189, vyAvara) meM kahA gayA hai - satta nAme satta sarA pnnnnttaa| taM jahA - sajje risabhe gaMdhAre majjhime paMcame sre| dhevae ceva NesAe satta sArA viyaahiyaa|| arthAt sapta nAma ke rUpa meM sAta prakAra ke svaroM kA svarUpa kahA gayA hai| ye sAta svara isa prakAra haiM - SaDja, RSabha, gAMdhAra, madhyama, paMcama, dhaivata aura nissaad| sAta svaroM ke sAta svara-sthAna : ina sAta svaroM ke sAta svara-sthAna (uccAraNa sthAna) kahe gaye haiM, yathA - jihvA ke agrabhAga se SaDja svara kA, vakSasthala se RSabha svara kA, kaMTha se gAMdhAra svara kA, jihavA ke madhya bhAga se madhyama svara kA, nAsikA se paMcama svara kA, dAMtoM aura hoThoM se dhaivata svara kA, bhauMhe car3hA kara/zira se/mUrddhA se niSAda svara kA uccAraNa hotA hai| ye sAtoM svara jIva-nizrita bhI hote haiM aura ajIva-nizrita bhii| jIva-nizrita sAta svara : jIva-nizrita sAta svara isa prakAra haiM - mayUra SaDja' svara meM bolatA hai, kukkuTa (murgA) RSabha svara meN| haMsa gAMdhAra svara meM bolatI hai aura gavelaka (bher3a) madhyama svara meN| puSpotpatti kAla (vasanta Rtu - caitra-vaizAkha mAsa) meM kokila paMcama svara meM bolatA hai| sArasa aura krauMca pakSI dhaivata svara meM bolate haiM tathA hAthI niSAda svara meM bolatA hai| ajIva-nizrita sAta svara : mRdaMga nAmaka bAdya, se SaDja svara nikalatA hai| gomukhI bAgha se RSabha svara, zaMkha se gAMdhAra svara, jhallarI (jhAlara) se madhyama svara, cAra cAraNoM para sthita godhikA se paMcama svara, ADambara (nagAr3A, Dhola) se dhaivata svara aura mahAbherI se niSAda svara nikalatA hai|

Page #56
jaina AgamoM meM saMgIta - vijJAna sAta svaroM ke sAta svara - lakSaNa (phala) : ina sAta svaroM ke sAta svaralakSaNa arthAt phala kahe gaye haiN| (1) SaDja svara vAlA manuSya AjIvikA prApta karatA hai| usakA prayatna vyartha nahIM jaataa| use godhana, putra-pautrAdi aura sanmitroM kA saMyoga milatA hai| vaha striyoM kA priya hotA hai| (2) RSabha svara vAlA manuSya aizvaryazAlI hotA hai / senApatitva, dhana-dhAnya, -vastra-gaMdha alaMkAra- strI - zayanAsana Adi bhoga-sAdhanoM ko prApta karatA hai| (3) gAMdhAra svara vAle manuSya gIta - yuktiyoM ke jAnakAra hote haiM vAdiMtra-vRtti hote haiN| ve aneka kalAoM ke jJAtA, kavi, prajJAvAna aura aneka zAstroM ke pAragAmI hote haiN| (4) madhyama svara vAle manuSya sukhajIvI hote haiN| ruci ke aura jIte haiN| dUsaroM ko bhI khilAte - pilAte aura dAna dete haiN| : 51 (5) paMcama svara vAle manuSya pRthvIpati (rAjA Adi) hote haiN| ve zUravIra, saMgrahakartA (jana-dhana-saMgrAhaka) tathA aneka manuSyoM ke nAyaka hote haiN| (6) dhaivata svara vAle manuSya kalaha priya, zAkunika (pakSiyoM ko mArane vAlecir3ImAra), vAgurika (hiraNa Adi ko jAla meM phaMsAne vAle) zaukarika (sUara Adi kA zikAra karane vAle) aura matsyabaMdhaka (macchImAra) hote haiN| anurUpa khAte-pIte (7) niSAda svara vAle manuSya cAMDAla (vadhika), mukkebAja, goghAtaka, aura isI prakAra ke anyAnya pApa karane vAle hote haiN| cora sapta svaroM ke grAma aura unakI mUrcchanAe~ : gAyaka kA gIta ke svaroM meM tallIna ho jAnA mUrcchita sA ho jAnA 'mUrcchanA' kahalAtA hai / mUrcchanAoM ke samudAya ko 'grAma' kahate haiN| ina sAta svaroM ke tIna grAma hote haiM pratyeka grAma kI sAta-sAta mUrcchanAe~ hotI haiN| kula milA kara 21 mUrcchanAe~ hotI haiN| tIna grAma isa prakAra haiM- SaDja grAma, madhyama grAma aura gAMdhAra graam| SaDja grAma kI sAta mUrcchanAe~ kahI gaI haiM (1) maMgI, (2) kauravIyA, (3) haritA, (4) rajanI, (5) sArakAntA, (6) sArasI aura (7) zuddha ssddjaa| -

Page #57
52 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 madhyama grAma kI sAta mUrcchanAe~ ye haiM - (1) uttarayaMdA, (2) rajanI, (3) uttarA, (4) uttarAyazA athavA uttarAyatA, (5) azvakrAntA, (6) sauvIrA, (7) abhirudgatA yA abhiiruudgtaa| gAMdhAra grAma kI sAta mUrcchanAoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM - (1) nandI, (2) kSudrikA, (3) pUriyA, (4) zuddha gAMdhArA, (5) uttara gAMdhArA, (6) suSThutara AyAmA aura (7) uttarAyatA kottiyaa| svarotpatti-yoni-ucchvAsa kAla aura AkAra : ye sAtoM svara nAbhi se utpanna hote haiN| gIta kI yoni (jAti) rudana hai| jitane samaya meM kisI chanda kA eka caraNa gAyA jAtA hai, utanA usakA (gIta kA) ucchvAsa kAla hotA hai| gIta ke tIna AkAra hote haiM - Adi meM mRdu, madhya meM tAra (tIvra/ucca) aura aMta meM mNd| . gIta kI yoni rudana hai, zAstrakAra ke isa kathana ko Adhunika kAla meM hindI sAhitya-jagata ke viziSTa kavi sumitrAnandana paMta ne ina zabdoM meM rUpAyita kiyA hai 'viyogI hogA pahalA kavi, Aha se upajA hogA gaan| nikala kara hoThoM se cupacApa, vahI hogI kavitA anjaan|| gIta-gAyaka kI yogyatA : gItakAra ko gIta ke guNoM aura doSoM kA marmajJa/jJAtA honA hI caahiye| isalie usakI yogyatA kA nirdeza karate hue sUtrakAra kahate haiM - 'chaddose aTTha guNe tiNNi ya vittANi doNNi bhnnitiio| jo NAhI so gAhiti, susikkhato rNgmjjhmmi||' arthAt gIta ke chaha doSoM, ATha guNoM, tIna vRttoM aura do bhaNitiyoM ko jo jAnegA, vahI suzikSita (gAna-kalA-kuzala) gAyaka raMgamaMca para acchI taraha gaayegaa| gIta ke doSa : gIta ke chaha doSa hote haiM, tadyathA - 1) bhIta doSa - Darate hue gaanaa| 2) druta doSa - udvega-vaza zIghratA se gaanaa| 3) utpiccha doSa - zabdoM ko laghu banA kara jaldI-jaldI gAnA athavA asamaya meM sAMsa lenaa| 4) uttAla doSa - tAla-viruddha gaanaa| 5) kAkasvara doSa - kaue ke samAna karNakaTu svara meM gaanaa| 6) anunAsa doSa - nAka se svaroM kA uccAraNa karate hue gaanaa|

Page #58
jaina AgamoM meM saMgIta-vijJAna : 53 gIta ke ATha guNa : gIta ke ATha guNa isa prakAra mAne jAte haiM - 1) pUrNa guNa - svara ke Aroha-avaroha Adi se paripUrNa gaanaa| 2) rakta guNa - geya rAga se bhAvita/pariSkRta gaanaa| 3) alaMkRta guNa - vibhinna vizeSa zubha svaroM se saMpanna gaanaa| 4) vyakta guNa - gIta ke boloM - svara - vyaMjanoM kA spaSTa rUpa se uccAraNa karate hue gaanaa| 5) avighuSTa guNa - vikRti aura vizRMkhalatA se rahita niyata aura niyamita svara se gAnA (arthAt cIkhate-cillAte hue na gaanaa)| * 6) madhura guNa - madhura, manorama, karNapriya svara se gaanaa| 7) sama guNa - sura, tAla, laya Adi se samanugata-saMgata svara meM gaanaa| 8) sulalita guNa - svaragholanAdi dvArA lalita, komala laya se gaanaa| gIta ke anya ATha guNa : gIta ke ATha guNa aura bhI haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM - 1) urovizuddha - jo svara ura: sthala meM vizAla hotA hai| 2) kaMTha-vizuddha - jo svara kaNTha meM nahIM phtttaa| 3) zirovizuddha - jo svara zira se utpanna hokara bhI nAsikA se mizrita nahIM hotaa| 4) mRdu - jo gIta komala svara se gAyA jAtA hai| 5) ribhita - gholanA - bahula AlApa ke dvArA gIta meM camatkAra paidA krnaa| 6) pada baddha - gIta ko viziSTa geya-padoM se nibaddha krnaa| 7) samatAla - pratyutkSepa - jisa gIta meM hasta-tAla, vAdya-dhvani aura nartaka kA pAda-kSepa ho arthAt eka-dUsare se milate hoN| 8) sapta svara-sIbhara - jisameM sAtoM svara taMtrI Adi vAdya-dhvaniyoM ke anurUpa hoN| athavA vAdya-dhvaniyA~ gIta ke svaroM ke anusAra hoN| sapta svara-sIbhara kI vyAkhyA : SaDja Adi svara kaMThodgata dhvani-vAcaka haiM, yahA~ lipi rUpa akSaroM kI apekSA se sAta svara isa prakAra mAne gaye haiM - 1) akSarasama - hrasva-dIrgha-pluta aura sAnunAsika akSaroM ke anurUpa giit| 2) padasama - svara ke anurUpa padoM aura padoM ke anurUpa svaroM ke anusAra gAyA jAne vAlA giit|

Page #59
54 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 3) tAlasama - tAla vAdana ke anurUpa giit| 4) layasama - vINa Adi ko Ahata karane para jo laya utpanna hotI hai, usake anusAra gAyA jAne vAlA giit| 5) grahasama - vINA Adi dvArA jo svara pakar3e jAte haiM, unhIM ke anusAra gAyA jAne vAlA giit| 6) niHzvasita - ucchvasitasama - sAMsa lene aura chor3ane ke kramAnusAra gAyA jAne vAlA giit| 7) saMcArasama - sitAra Adi vAdyoM ke tAroM para aMgulI ke saMcAra ke sAtha gAyA jAne vAlA giit| isa prakAra taMtrI Adi ke sAtha saMbaMdhita hokara gIta svara sAta prakAra kA ho jAtA hai| - pratyeka svara sAta tAnoM se gAyA jAtA hai, isalie unake (7 x 7 =) 49 bheda ho jAte haiN| - . geya padoM ke ATha guNa : geya padoM ke ATha guNa isa prakAra darzAe gaai haiM 1) nirdoSa - alIka, upaghAta Adi battIsa doSoM se rahita honaa| 2) sAravaMta - sArabhUta viziSTa artha se yukta honaa| 3) hetuyukta - artha-sAdhaka hetu se saMyukta honaa| 4) alaMkRta - upamA-utprekSA Adi alaMkAroM se yukta honaa| 5) upanIta - upasaMhAra se yukta honaa| 6) sopacAra - komala, aviruddha aura alajjanIya artha kA pratipAdana krnaa| athavA, vyaMga yA ha~sI se saMyukta honaa| 7) mita - alpa pada aura alpa akSara vAlA honaa| 8) madhura - suzrAvya zabda, artha aura pratipAdana kI apekSA priya honaa| vibhinna apekSAoM se gIta saMbaMdhI uparyukta guNa-doSoM kA varNana karane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki gAyaka gIta-vidhAoM ko jAnate hue bhI yadi doSa-nirAkaraNa aura guNasamAyojana kA lakSya nahIM rakhatA hai, to vaha janapriya aura sammAnanIya nahIM ho pAtA hai| gIta ke vRtta : gIta ke vRtta arthAt chanda tIna prakAra ke hote haiM - 1) sama - jisake cAroM caraNa samAna hoN|

Page #60
jaina AgamoM meM saMgIta - vijJAna 2) arddhasama-jisameM prathama aura tRtIya tathA dvitIya aura caturtha caraNa samAna hoN| 3) sarva viSaya - cAroM caraNa viSama hoM / chanda ke ye hI tIna prakAra hote haiM, cauthA prakAra nahIM pAyA jaataa| gIta - gAyikAoM ke prakAra : zyAmA ( SoDazI) strI madhura svara meM gAtI hai| kRSNavarNI strI kaThora aura rukSa svara meM gAtI hai, gauravarNA strI cAturya se gAtI hai / kAnI strI maMda svara meM gAtI hai| aMdhI strI zIghratA se gAtI hai| kapilA strI (piMgalA) vikRta svara meM gIta gAtI hai| : 55 gIta gAne vAlI gAyikAoM kI ukta yogyatA unake parokSa meM bhI, unake gIta ke AdhAra para pahacAnI jA sakatI hai| eka vizeSa prasaMga yoM ghaTA - eka zahara meM vivAha ke gIta gAtI huI kucha mahilAe~ sar3aka se jA rahI thiiN| vahIM sthAnaka meM eka jaina sAdhu virAja rahe the| unake pAsa kucha sadgRhastha bhI baiThe the| dharma-carcA cala rahI thii| mahArAjazrI ke kAnoM meM gItoM kI AvAj aaii| unhoMne pUchA- kyA Apa logoM meM vidhavA striyA~ bhI maMgala gIta gAtI haiN| eka bhAI bole - nahIM, hamAre yahA~ zAdI ke gIta sadhavA striyA~ hI gAtI haiM, ye saba sadhavA haiN| mahArAjazrI ne kahA- inameM eka vidhavA kI AvAz2a A rahI hai| logoM ne uTha kara chajje meM jAkara dekhA aura mahArAjazrI ko bulA kara kahA dekhie, mahArAja! ye saba. sadhavA striyA~ haiN| mahArAjazrI ne eka mahilA kI ora izArA karate hue kahA - vaha mahilA vidhavA hai aura 5-10 minaTa bAda to khabara A gaI ki usa strI kA pati acAnaka durghaTanA kA zikAra hokara cala bsaa| yaha ghaTanA siddha karatI hai ki hama apane AsapAsa ke jagat se itane adhika prabhAvita hote haiM ki eka ke yU~ cale jAne para dUsare kI AvAz2a bhI badala jAtI hai| zAstrakAra ne yahA~ gIta gAyikAoM ke prakAra die haiM, gIta gAyaka ke nhiiN| jabaki aisI mAnyatA hai ki sabhI tIrthaMkara mAlakoza rAga meM gAkara upadeza diyA karate tathA hamAre bahuta se zAstroM kI racanA padyAtmaka hai arthAt geya hai, chandobaddha hai, inheM puruSoM ne bhI gAyA hI hai / the, tAnasena jaise vizva prasiddha gAyaka isa dharatI para hamezA hI janma lete rahe haiN| khetoM meM hala calAte samaya gAne vAle kisAna bhI hamezA se rahe haiM, to holI Adi vizeSa- vizeSa parvoM para ToliyA~ banA-banA kara gAne-bajAne vAle puruSa bhI sadA rahe haiN| to phira gAyaka ke prakAroM kA ullekha kyoM nahIM kiyA gayA ? tathya anveSaNIya hai|

Page #61
56 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 hA~, yaha ho sakatA hai ki gIta-gAyikAoM ke prakAroM ko hI upalakSaNa se gItagAyakoM ke prakAra bhI mAna liyA jaae| gIta kI bhASA : anuyogasUtra meM gIta kI do hI bhASAe~ prazasta aura RSibhASita mAnI haiM - saMskRta aura praakRt| vartamAna yuga meM to gIta anekoM bhASAoM meM gAye jAte haiN| kAvya-prakAra : sthAnAMgasUtra ke caturtha sthAna ke caturtha uddezaka meM kAvya ke cAra prakAra varNita haiM - cauvvihe kavve pnnnnte| taM jahA - gajje, pajje, katthe, gee| (pR0 442, byAvara) arthAt kAvya cAra prakAra kA hotA hai - 1) gadya kAvya - chanda-rahita racanA-vizeSa, 2) padya kAvya - chanda-yukta racanAvizeSa, 3) kathya kAvya - kathA rUpa se kahI jAne vAlI racanA-vizeSa, 4) geya kAvyagAne ke yogya rcnaa-vishess| kAvya ke ina cAra prakAroM ke varNana se pratIta hotA hai ki usa prAcIna yuga meM ina cAroM prakAra ke kAvyoM kA pracalana thaa| jabaki vartamAna hindI yuga ke kavi chanda-rahita racanA-vizeSa ko 'naI kavitA' ke nAma se vartamAna yuga kA (yA aMgrejI yuga kI) dena mAnate haiN| jaise usa prAcIna yuga meM ye cAroM prakAra ke kAvya likhe jAte the, vaise hI Aja bhI likhe jAte haiN| arthAt yaha caturvidha kAvya-paramparA prAcIna kAla se vartamAna kAla taka akSuNNa rUpa se calI A rahI hai aura pAThaka yA zrotA ina kAvyoM ke madhara, suzrAvya, supAThya suroM meM apanA sura milA kara samasvaratA/ samarasatA/ ekarasatA/ tanmayatA/ ekatAnatA/ sAdhAraNIkaraNa kI anubhUti karatA rahA hai|

Page #62
zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 julAI-sitambara 2004 bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita gRhasthoM kI AcAra saMhitA mahendra kumAra masta* bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gRhasthoM aura sAdhuoM ke lie bhinna-bhinna AcAra saMhitA kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| manuSya kI sahaja durbalatAoM ke prati sajagava jAnakAra hone ke kAraNa unheM patA thA ki tyAga ke mArga ko apanApAnA sabhI ke liye sarala nahIM hai| unakA upadeza thA- "duvihe dhmme| AgAra dhamme aNagAra dhamme' arthAta dharma ke do prakAra haiN| eka gRhastha dharma aura dUsarA sAdhu dhrm| isIlie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAdhuoM tathA gRhasthoM ke lie do alaga-alaga AcAra saMhitAeM banAI va upadezita kI tathA donoM ko hI unhoMne "dharma" kI saMjJA dii| gRhasthoM kI AcAra-vidhi va dinacaryA kabhI bhI pApa yA doSa pUrNa nahIM hai| __ahiMsA ko dainika AcAra-vyavahAra kA mukhya siddhAnta batAte hue bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne samaya aura paristhitiyoM ke anusAra "hiMsA" kI vibhinnatAoM ko samajhA thaa| hiMsA karane vAle kI nIyata, bhAvanA va mAnasikatA ko dekhanA- samajhanA isalie bhI jarUrI hai, kyoMki jAnabUjha kara aura icchA sahita kI gaI hiMsA hI pApa hai| yaha sarvavidita hai ki sAdhAraNa manuSyoM dvArA apane vibhinna kAryoM, jaise khAnA-rasoI, snAnadhulAI karane tathA saphara karane Adi aneka vidha dinacaryAoM meM unase jIva hiMsA hotI rahatI hai| kRSi, vyApAra tathA udyoga dhaMdhoM Adi kAryoM meM bhI jIva hiMsA hotI hai| yahAM taka ki apane nija ke prANa, saMpatti va deza ko bacAne ke kAryoM meM bhI jIvoM kI hiMsA, maraNAnta hiMsA bhI saMbhava hai| apane dvArA pratipAdita ahiMsA ke dRr3ha niyamoM meM isa prakAra kI udAratA ke anurUpa hI, gRhastha jIvana meM hiMsA se kaise bacA jA sakatA hai, isa prazna ke samAdhAna meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne hiMsA ke tIna bheda kiye haiN| ina meM gRhastha ko nirarthaka aura saMkalpajA hiMsA se dUra rahane kI bAta kahI hai, jo ki atyaMta vyavahArya aura sukhI jIvana kI AdhArazilA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA kathana hai ki----- "kRSi, rakSA, vyApAra, zilpa aura AjIvikA ke lie jo hiMsA kI jAtI hai, usa hiMsA se koI gRhastha baca nahIM paataa| isI prakAra, AkramaNakAriyoM kA bhI balapUrvaka pratirodha kiyA jAtA hai, tathA jisa hiMsA ke preraka rAga-dveSa aura pramAda hote haiM aura jisa meM AjIvikA kA prazna gauNa hotA hai, vaha saMkalpajA hiMsA hai| gRhasthoM (zrAvakoM) ke lie maine yathAzakti ahiMsA ke AcaraNa kA vidhAna aura saMkalpajA hiMsA kA niSedha kiyA hai|" - * mahendra kumAra masta, 320, iNDasTriyala eriyA dvitIya, caMDIgar3ha

Page #63
zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9|| jalAI-sitambara 2004 nemidUtam kA alaGkAra-lAvaNya ____ DaoN0 vinoda zarmA* evaM zrImatI AzA zarmA* * - saMskRta-dUtakAvyoM kI sthiti ko susthiratA pradAna karane meM jaina-kaviyoM kA avismaraNIya yogadAna rahA hai| jaina-dUtakAvyoM meM kavi zrIvikrama-praNIta 'nemidUtam' kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| saMskRta ke mUrdhAbhiSikta mahAkavi kAlidAsa-racita meghadUtam ke caturtha caraNa kI pAdapUrti (samasyApUrti) ke rUpa meM isa dUtakAvya kI racanA huI hai| nemidUtam : saMkSipta paricaya nemidUtam ke antima padya meM kavi ne svayaM ko 'sAGgaNa kA putra' (sAGgaNasyAGgajanmA) kahA hai| nemidUtam meM kula 126 padya haiM jinameM jainadharma ke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI neminAtha kA carita varNita hai| dvArikA ke yaduvaMzI nRpati zrIkRSNa ke pitA vasudeva ke bhAI samudravijaya the| neminAtha samudravijaya ke jyeSTha putra the| bAlyAvasthA se hI ye viSayavimukha the| bArAtiyoM ke bhojana ke nimitta ba~dhe hue pazuoM ke ArtanAda ko sunakara unakA hRdaya dravita ho gayA tathA ve sAMsArika bandhanoM ko tor3akara raivantagiri parvata para kevala jJAna kI prApti ke liye samAdhistha ho gye| nemikumAra ke virakta hokara tapazcaraNa ke liye cale jAne para virahavidhurA rAjImatI eka vRddha brAhmaNa ko unakA kuzala samAcAra lAne hetu zrInemi kI tapobhUmi meM bhejatI hai| tatpazcAt pitA kI AjJA lekara svayaM eka sakhI ke sAtha vahA~ paha~cakara zrInemi se lauTa calane kI prArthanA karatI hai| kintu nemi apane patha se vicalita nahIM hote| antataH rAjImatI unase dIkSA lekara tapazcaryA meM saMlagna ho jAtI hai| alaGkAra : paribhASA evaM svarUpa jina sAdhanoM dvArA kAvya kI zobhAvRddhi kI jAtI hai, unameM alaGkAra anyatama haiN| alaGkArazAstra meM alaGkAra ko rasa, bhAva Adi kA upakAraka tathA zabdArtha kA zobhAtizAyI asthira dharma kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra loka meM kuNDala Adi AbhUSaNa mAnavazarIra ko vibhUSita karate haiM, isaliye alaGkAra kahalAte haiM, usI prakAra kAvya * pravaktA ** zodha chAtrA, zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, zAjApura (ma0pra0)

Page #64
nemidUtam kA alaGkAra-lAvaNya : 59 / / meM anuprAsa, upamA Adi kAvya ke zarIrabhUta zabda-artha ko alaGkRta karate haiM, isalie alaGkAra kahalAte haiN| alaGkAra alaGkArya kA kevala utkarSAdhAyaka tattva hotA hai, svarUpAdhAyaka athavA jIvanAdhAyaka tattva nhiiN| jo nara-nArI alaGkAra (AbhUSaNa) vihIna haiM ve bhI manuSya haiM, kintu jo alaGkArayukta haiM ve adhika sundara lagate haiN| isI prakAra kAvya meM alaGkAroM kI sthiti aparihArya nahIM hai| yadi ve haiM, to kAvya ke utkarSAdhAyaka hoNge| isaliye alaGkAroM ko kAvya kA asthira dharma mAnA gayA hai| vastuta: rasa, bhAvAdi kAvyazobhA ke janaka haiN| alaGkAra unake dvArA utpanna zobhA ko atizayita karate haiN| alaGkAra ke liye sarasa vAkya apekSita haiN| nIrasa vAkyoM meM alaGkAra kevala vicitratA ko utpanna karate haiN| alaGkAroM ke mukhyata: do bheda kiye gaye haiM - zabdAlaGkAra tathA arthaalngkaar| jo alaGkAra zabdaparivRttyasaha hote haiM, arthAt kinhIM vizeSa zabdoM ke rahane para hI rahate haiM, ve alaGkAra una vizeSa zabdoM ke Azrita hone se zabdAlaGkAra kahalAte haiM, jaiseanuprAsa, zleSa, yamaka, vakrokti aadi| kintu jo alaGkAra zabdaparivRttisaha hote haiM arthAta una zabdoM kA parivartana karake unake samAnArthaka dUsare zabda prayukta kara diye jAne para bhI, bane rahate haiM, ve arthAzrita hone se arthAlaGkAra kahalAte haiM, jaise - upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka aadi| nemidUtam kA alaGkAralAvaNya kavi vikrama ne nemidUtam meM anekavidha alaGkAroM kA saphala prayoga kiyA hai| ye alaGkAra kavi ke pratibhAvaiziSTya ko prakAzita karate haiM tathA sahRdayavRnda ko AhlAdita evaM camatkRta kiye binA nahIM rhte| isa dUtakAvya ke aneka padya do, tIna yA cAra alaGkAroM ke guccha se samalaGkRta haiN| nemidUtam meM upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA prabhRti bahupracalita alaGkAroM ke sAtha-sAtha bhAvika, paryAya, vinokti Adi alpapracalita alaGkAroM kA bhI ramya viniyoga huA hai, jo alaGkArasajjA meM kavi ke asAdhAraNa adhikAra ko rekhAGkita karatA hai| nemidUtam meM prAyaH alaGkAroM kI svAbhAvika prastuti huI hai, etadartha granthakAra ko vizeSa prayatna karanA par3A ho, aisA pratIta nahIM hotaa| kavi ne zabdAlaGkAra evaM arthAlaGkAra donoM kA apane kAvya meM yathAvasara prayoga kiyA hai| yahA~ prathamataH zabdAlaGkAroM kA vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai, taduparAnta arthAlaGkAroM para vicAra kiyA jaayegaa|

Page #65
60 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 / julAI-sitambara 2004 zabdAlaGkAra anuprAsa - anuprAsa zabda 'anu + pra + Asa' se milakara banA hai| yahA~ 'anu' kA artha anugata, 'pra' kA prakRSTa tathA 'Asa' kA artha nyAsa hai| ataH rasa, bhAvAdi ke anukUla prakRSTa nyAsa ko anuprAsa kahate haiN| AcArya vizvanAtha ne anuprAsa zabdAlaGkAra kA lakSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai - 5 anuprAsaH zabdasAmyaM vaiSamye'pi svarasya yat / " arthAt svara kI viSamatA hone para bhI jo zabdasAmya (vyaJjanasAmya) hotA hai, vaha anuprAsa alaGkAra kahalAtA hai| anuprAsa kavi vikrama kA ati priya zabdAlaGkAra hai / nemidUtam meM chekAnuprAsa evaM vRtyanuprAsa kA saundarya sacetasoM ko vINA kI jhaMkAra ke samAna madhura anubhUti karAtA hai| katipaya kAvyAMza udAharaNArtha prastuta haiM (ka) vRtyanuprAsa + etattuGga..... zRGgamaGgIkuru, rAjyaM prAjyaM prnnymkhilm......| 6 ('Gga' tathA anusvAra kI AvRtti) + mussnnnnntshcirprimlodgaarsaarN.......|' ('r' kI AvRtti) * manasijarasollAsalIlAlasAnAm.. . / ' ('lU' kI AvRtti) + ...... vipulavigalanmAlatIjAlakAni / ' ('lU' kI AvRtti) yasyAM ramyaM surabhisamaye sotsavAH sIrimukhyAH / 1deg ('s' kI AvRtti) vRtAntesmin tadanu kathite mAturasyAtayaitadvRttaM jJAtuM ..... tAM tadoce ca jAtaM.....bhrAtaruktaM mayA yat / 11 ('tU' kI AvRtti) (kha) chekAnuprAsa prANAnava tava..... vAsArthaM vaH vapraprAnte / 12 asmAdadreH pratipathamadhaH kAntAratarasagalad.. | 13 - mAnyo mantrI.. .svazayavihitA satkriyA.... syAdanalpAbhyasUyaH / 14 zleSa - sAhityadarpaNakAra ne zleSAlaGkAra kI paribhASA ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki zliSTa padoM se aneka arthoM kA abhidhAna hone para zleSa alaGkAra hotA hai - zliSTaiH padairanekArthAbhidhAne zleSa iSyate / 15 - - kavi vikrama ne nemidUtam meM zleSa alaGkAra kA atyalpa prayoga kiyA hai| yahA~ do udAharaNa prastuta haiM -

Page #66
nemidUtam kA alaGkAra-lAvaNya : 61 kurvan pAnthAMstvaritahRdayAn saGgamAyAGganAnA - menaM pazyAdhigatasamaya: svaM vayasyaM myuurm|16 yahA~ 'adhigatasamayaH' zliSTa pada hai| isake tIna artha haiM - (ka) prastAvavijJa, (kha) upayukta kAla ko jAnane vAle tathA (ga) yuvAvasthA ko praapt| isa prakAra prastuta padyabhAga meM zleSAlaGkAra hai| tasminudyanmanasijarasA: prAMzuzAkhAvanAma vyAjAdAvi:kRtakucavalI naabhikaanyciiklaapaaH|17 prastuta paMktiyoM meM prayukta 'manasijarasA:' zliSTa pada hai| isase do arthoM kA bodha hotA hai - (ka) prakaTa hue kAmAnurAga vAlI tathA (kha) prakaTa hue kAma ke Ananda yA AsvAda vaalii| isa prakAra yahA~ bhI zleSAlaGkAra kI chaTA hai| yamaka - yadi artha ho to bhinna-bhinna artha vAle (anyathA nirarthaka) svaravyaJjanasamUha kI usI krama se AvRtti ko yamaka alaGkAra kahate haiM - satyarthe pRthagAyA: svrvynyjnsNhteH| krameNa tanaivAvRttiryamakaM vinigdyte||18 isa prakAra svaravyaJjanasamUha eka sArthaka pada bhI ho sakatA hai aura nirarthaka varNasamudAya bhii| . nemidUtam meM zleSa ke samAna hI yamaka alaGkAra kA bhI alpa prayoga dRSTigocara hotA hai| kiJcit sthaloM kA digdadarzana kiyA jA sakatA hai - bhAsvadbhAsvanmaNimayabRhattuGgazRGgAgrasaMsthAH sampratyudyatpariNataphalazyAmalA vaambhaage| 19 yahA~ 'bhAsvad-bhAsvad' padoM kI AvRtti huI hai| inameM se prathama 'bhAsvad' pada kA artha hai - 'camakate hue'| jaba ki dvitIya 'bhAsvad' pada 'maNi' ke sAtha saMyukta hokara 'sphaTikamaNi' artha kA vAcaka hai| isa prakAra yahA~ yamaka alaGkAra hai| utsarpadbhirdadhadiva divo vartmano vIcisaMdhaiH, sopAnatvaM kuru mnnitttaarohnnaayaagryaayii||20 isa kAvyAMza meM 'diva-diva' padoM kI AvRtti huI hai| inameM se prathama pada nirarthaka hai tathA dvitIya pada 'AkAza kA' artha kA vAcaka hai| isa prakAra yahA~ bhI yamakAlaGkAra kI alakRti hai|

Page #67
62 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 / julAI-sitambara 2004 arthAlaGkAra upamA upamA sAdRzyamUlaka arthAlaGkAroM kA AdhAra hai / isa alaGkAra kA svarUpa AcArya mammaTa ne isa prakAra udghATita kiyA hai - sAdharmyamupamA bhede 21 arthAt upamAna evaM upameya kA bheda hone para unake sAdharmya kA varNana karanA upamA alaGkAra kahalAtA hai| arthAlaGkAroM meM se upamA nemidUtakAra kA sarvAdhika priya alaGkAra hai| nemidUtam meM isa alaGkAra kI chaTA sarvatra anusyUta hai| kucha sthala avalokanIya haiM - pUrNopamA - vapraprAnte sphurati jaladherhArivelAramaNyAH, bhrUbhaGgaM mukhamiva payo vetravatyAzcalormi // 22 isa zlokArddha meM samudra kI taraGgayukta jaladhArA ko ramaNI ke kaTAkSayukta mukha kI bhA~ti suzobhita batalAyA gayA hai| vyApyAkAzaM navajalabhRtAM sannibho yo vibhAti, zyAmaH pAdo baliniyamanAbhyudyatasyeva viSNoH // 23 yahA~ veNu parvata kI upamA bali ko bA~dhane ke liye tatpara bhagavAn vAmana ke sA~vale caraNa se dI gayI hai| yA kAlesminbhavanazikharai: prakSaradvAri dhatte, muktAjAlagrathitamalakaM kAminIvabhravRndam // 24 'jo dvArikA nagarI varSAkAla meM, bhavanazikharoM se, jala barasAne vAle meghasamUha ko usI taraha dhAraNa karatI hai, jaise koI sundarI motI kI lar3iyoM se gU~the gaye kezakalApa ko dhAraNa karatI hai|' isa vAkya meM pUrNopamA alaGkAra kI madhura chaTA hai / tyaktvA lolaM nayanayugalaM teruNatvaM rudatyA - mInakSobhAccalakuvalayazrItulAmeSyatIti / / 25 prastuta padyArddha meM rAjImatI ke caJcala nayanayugala kA sAdharmya nIlakamala se sthApita kiyA gayA hai| rAjImatyA saha navaghanasyeva varSAsu bhUyo, mA bhUdevaM kSaNamapi ca te vidyutA viprayogaH / / 26

Page #68
nemidUtam kA alaGkAra-lAvaNya : 63 'he nAtha! punaH varSAkAlika nUtana megha ke sAtha bijalI kI taraha, rAjImatI ke sAtha tumhArA pala bhara bhI viyoga na ho|' yahA~ bhI pUrNopamA kA cittAkarSaka lAvaNya vidyamAna hai| nemidUtam ke nimnAMkita sthaloM para bhI pUrNopamA alaGkAra kA camatkAra dRSTigata hotA hai - * saMkrIDante zizava iva ye'Gke smaadhisthitsy|27 + zobhAM shubhrtrinynvRssotkhaatpngkopmeyaam|28 + nIlasnigdhe kSaNamupagate puNDarIkaprabhasyA29 / + rAtriM saMvatsarazatasamAM tvatkRte tptgaatrii|30 + prAvRT prAntaM priya! mama gatA duHkhadA durdshev|31 luptopamA - yaM dRSTvaitA: pathikavadanAmbhojacandrAtapA''bhAH, seviSyante nayanasubhagaM khe bhavantaM blaakaaH||22 yahA~ baguliyoM kA sAdharmya candrajyotsnA se sthApita kiyA gayA hai| prAtastasyAM kuvalayadalazyAmalAGge salIlA, nAmokSyante tvayi madhukara shrennidiirghaankttaakssaan||33 isa kAvyAMza meM neminAtha ke zyAma zarIra kA sAdharmya nIlakamala-patra se tathA ujjayinI kI sundariyoM ke lambe kaTAkSoM kA sAdharmya bhramarapaMkti se sthApita kiyA gayA hai| AkAMkSantyA mRdukarapariSvaMGgasaukhyAni sakhyAH pazyAmuSyA mukhamanuditaM mlaanmsmermshri| udyattApAtkumudamiva te kairaviNyA viyogA - dindordainyaM tvdnusrnnklissttkaanterbibhrti||34 prastuta padya meM rAjImatI kI zobhAhIna mukhakAnti ko utkaTa tApa ke kAraNa mlAna zveta kumudapuSpoM kI bhA~ti batalAyA gayA hai| nemidUtam meM luptopamA alaGkAra ke anya bhI aneka ramya prayoga milate haiM, yathA......AzAmbareNa, snigdhshyaamaanyjncyrucaa''saaditaabhinnbhaavaaH|35 + bhakticchedairiva viracitAM bhUtimaGge gjsy||36 + vAtodbhUtairhasati salilairyA shshaangkaashugauraiH|37

Page #69
64 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 / julAI-sitambara 2004 prAtaH kundaprasavazithilaM jIvitaM dhArayethAH / 38 + nIpAmodonmadamadhukarIguJjanaM gItaramyaM, veNukvaNitamadhurAbarhiNAM cArunRtyam / 39 utprekSA - utprekSA sAdRzyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| AcArya mammaTa ne utprekSA alaGkAra kA svarUpa spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki prakRta (upameya) kI sama (upamAna) ke sAtha sambhAvanA utprekSA kahalAtI hai sambhAvanamathotprekSA prakRtasya samena yat / 40 nemidUtam meM utprekSA alaGkAra ke aneka prayoga upalabdha hote haiM, yathA bhuktvA bhogopacayamavaniM nAkinAmAgatAnAM, zISaiH puNyairhRtamiva divaH kAntimatkhaNDamekam || 41 yahA~ bhagavAn vAmana kI nagarI ujjayinI meM svarga ke eka dedIpyamAn khaNDa kI sambhAvanA hone se utprekSAlaGkAra kI sRSTi huI hai| tvatsaMyogAnnanu dhRtisametA navadyAMgayaSTi ryA tatra syAdyuvativiSaye sRSTirAdyeva dhAtuH / / 42 prastuta kAvyAMza meM nirdoSa aGgoMvAlI rAjImatI ko, yuvatiyoM ke madhya brahmA kI prathama racanA -sI batalAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ utprekSA alaGkAra kI manahara chaTA hai| dughyatvaM zikhariNI payodhau ca gAmbhIryamurvyA, sthairyaM tejaH zikhini madane rUpasaundaryalakSmIm / buddhe kSAntiM nRvara kalayAmIti vRndaM guNAnAM, hantaikasthaM kvacidapi na te bhIru sAdRzyamasti / / 43 'he narazreSTha! maiM rAjImatI parvata meM tumhAre bar3appana, samudra meM tumhArI gambhIratA, pRthivI meM tumhArI sthiratA, agni meM tumhAre teja, kAmadeva meM tumhAre rUpalAvaNya tathA buddha meM tumhArI kSamA kI sambhAvanA karatI huuN|' yahA~ parvata Adi meM neminAtha ke gambhIratA Adi guNoM kI sambhAvanA hone se utprekSA alaGkAra hai| - rUpaka rUpaka sAdRzyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| jinake svarUpa spaSTataH bhinnabhinna haiM, aise upameya aura upamAna ke atyadhika sAmya ko dikhAne ke liye jo kAlpanika abhedAropa kiyA jAtA hai, vahI rUpaka alaGkAra kahalAtA hai| AcArya mammaTa ke matAnusAra upamAna aura upameya kA abhedavarNana hI rUpaka hai tadrUpakamabhedoya upamAnopameyayoH / 44 - -

Page #70
nemidUtam kA alaGkAra-lAvaNya : 65 nemidUtam ke aneka padyoM meM rUpakAlaGkAra kI manorama alaGkati samAviSTa hai, yathA - 'maikyaM prApyAsitarajaniSu prasphuradratnadIpA:45 meM ratnoM para dIpoM kA abhedAropa, kiM mAmevaM virahazikhinopekSyase dahyamAnAm'46 meM viyoga para agni kA abhedAropa tathA 'svAminirvApaya vapuridaM svAGgasaGgAmRtena'47 meM AlaGgina para amRta kA abhedAropa hone se niraGga rUpaka alaGkAra hai| atha ca, nimnAMkita kAvyAMza meM nadI para vanitAoM kA tathA caJcala machaliyoM ke ucchalana para citavanoM kA bhedarahita Aropa hone se sAGgarUpaka alaGkAra kI sarjanA huI hai - yaH kAmIva kSaNamapi saritkAminInAM na zakto, modhIkartuM cttulshphrodvrtnprekssitaani||48 arthAntaranyAsa - yaha gamya aupamyAzrita arthAlaGkAra hai| usakA nirUpaNa karate hue kAvyaprakAzakAra ne kahA hai ki sAmAnya kA vizeSa se athavA vizeSa kA sAmAnya se, sAdharmya se athavA vaidharmya se samarthana karane ko arthAntaranyAsa alaGkAra kahate haiM sAmAnyaM vA vizeSo vA tadanyena smrthyte| yattu so'rthAntaranyAsaH sAdhamryeNetareNa vaa|| 9 nemidUtam meM kavi ne arthAntaranyAsa alaGkAra kA prabhUta prayoga kiyA hai| katipaya sthala udAharaNArtha prastuta haiM - taM sammohAd drutamanunayaM zailarAjaM yayAce, kAmAta hi prkRtikRpnnaashcetnaacetnessu||50 ina paMktiyoM meM 'rAjImatI ne citra kI vikalatA ke kAraNa parvatarAja raivataka se zIghra yAcanA kI' isa vizeSa kathana kA, 'kAmapIr3ita vyakti cetana aura jar3a ke viSaya meM dIna (vivekazUnya) hote haiM isa sAmAnya kathana se samarthana kiyA gayA hai| kavi ke arthAntaranyAsa-vinyAsa meM laukika anubhavoM kI abhivyakti parilakSita hotI hai, yathA - tvAmAyAntaM pathi yaduvarA: kezavAdyAH nizamya, prItA bandhUMstava pitRmukhaansauhdaanndyntH| sAkaM sainyai rathamabhimukhaM preSayiSyanti tUrNaM, mandAyante na khalu suhRdaambhyupetaarthkRtyaaH||51 prastuta padya meM 'yaduzreSTha kezavAdi mArga meM tumhAre (neminAtha ke) Agamana ko sunakara, prasanna hoM, tumhAre pitA Adi pramukha janoM tathA mitroM ko senA evaM ratha sahita bhejeMge' isa vizeSa kathana kA samarthana, 'mitroM ke kAryoM ko prArambha kara dene vAle vyakti

Page #71
66 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 nizcaya hI (bIca meM) DhIle nahIM par3ate haiM' isa sAmAnya kathana se kiyA gayA hai| ata: yahA~ arthAntaranyAsa alaGkAra hai| ___ arthAntaranyAsa alaGkAra ke prayogoM meM granthakAra ne aneka sUktiyoM kA samAveza kara diyA hai| yathA nimnoddhRta zlokArddha meM eka sAtha do sUktiyA~ samAviSTa haiM - snehAdete na khalu mukharA yAcitA: sambhavanti, prayuktaM hi praNayiSu staamiipsitaarthkriyaiv||52 arthAt sajjanoM se yAcanA karane para ve sneha ke kAraNa vAcAla nahIM hote haiM, kyoMki yAcakoM ke abhilaSitaartha kA sampAdana hI sajjanoM kA pratyuttara huA karatA hai| __ukta sthaloM ke atirikta nemidUtam meM arthAntaranyAsa ke anya prayoga bhI manohara haiN|53 kAvyaliGga - alaGkArasarvasvakAra ruyyaka ke anusAra kAvyaliGga tarkanyAyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| isakA vivecana karate hue kavirAja vizvanAtha ne kahA hai ki vAkyArtha athavA padArtha jahA~ kisI kA hetu ho vahA~ kAvyaliGga alaGkAra hotA hai - hetorvAkyapadArthatve kAvyaliGga nigdyte|54 nemidUtam meM aneka sthaloM para kAvyaliGga alaGkAra kA saundarya dRSTigocara hotA hai, yathA - tvAM yAce'haM na pathi bhavatA kvApi kAryoM vilambo, gantavyAtaH sapadi nagarI svAyataH sA tvdmbaa| muktAhArA sajalanayanA tvadviyogArtidInA, kAyeM yena tyajati vidhinA sa tvyaivoppaadyH||55 isa padya ke uttarArddha kA vAkyArtha, pUrvArddha ke vAkyArtha kA hetu hai| ata: yahA~ kAvyaliGga alaGkAra hai| tasyAdeyA svazayavihitA satkriyA te na cetsa, pratyAvRttastvayi kararudhi syaadnlpaabhysuuyH||56 yahA~, 'balabhadra ke mantriyoM ke hAthoM se kI gaI vastrAdi pUjA ko tuma grahaNa kara lenA' isa vAkyArtha kA hetu - 'yadi mantrI ke satkAra ko tumane svIkAra nahIM kiyA to tumhAre dvArA roke jAne para ve atyadhika kruddha ho jAyeMge' yaha caturtha caraNa kA vAkyArtha hai|

Page #72
nemidUtam kA alaGkAra-lAvaNya : 67 isI prakAra samIkSya kRti meM granthakAra ne anyatra bhI kAvyaliGga alaGkAra ke prayoga kiye haiM,57 jo atIva bhAvapravaNa haiN| pratIpa - pratIpa lokanyAyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| isakA vivecana karate hue AcArya vizvanAtha ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki prasiddha upamAna ko upameya banAnA yA usako niSphala batAnA pratIpa alaGkAra kahalAtA hai - prsiddhsyopmaansyopmeytvprklpnm| niSphalatvAbhidhAnaM vA pratIpamiti kthyte||58 pratIpa alaGkAra ke vinyAsa meM nemidUtakAra siddhahasta haiN| isa kAvya ke aneka padyoM meM pratIpa alaGkAra kA camatkAra vidyamAna hai, yathA - zobhAsAmyaM kalayati manAgnAlakA nAtha yasyAH, baahyodyaansthithrshirshcndrikaa-dhauthaa||59 yahA~ dvArikApurI kI kAnti kI tulanA meM kubera kI alakApurI ko tuccha batalAyA gayA hai| kurvatrabdaH kila kaluSatAM mArgaNaiH prAgarINAM, dharApAtaistvamiva kmlaanybhyvrssnmukhaani||60 'jahA~ megha kamaloM para usI prakAra mUsalAdhAra varSA karegA jaise ki tumane (neminAtha ne) pahale zatruoM ke mukhoM para bANavarSA kI thI' isa vAkyArtha meM prasiddha upamAna (meghavRSTi) ko upameya banAyA gayA hai| ata: yahA~ pratIpa alaGkAra kI zobhA vidyamAna hai| isI prakAra nimnoddhRta padya meM prasiddha upamAnoM - kAzapuSpa samUha, zvetakamalasamUha tathA zaratkAlIna rAjahaMsoM kI zobhA ko upameya; atha ca neminAtha ke pArzvabhAga meM DulAye jAte hue ca~varoM, unake zveta chatra aura nirmala yaza ko upamAna banAkara prastuta kiyA gayA hai - udyadvAlavyajanamanilollAsikAsaprasUnA:, zvetacchatraM vikasitasitAmbhojabhAjo viloky| tasyAM paurA vizadayazasaM na zriyaH zAradInA, nAdhyAsyanti vyapagatazucastvAmapi prekssyhNsaaH||61 arthApatti - arthApatti vAkyanyAyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ne arthApatti kA lakSaNa ina zabdoM meM prastuta kiyA hai - dnnddaapuupikyaanyaarthaagmo'rthaapttirissyte|62 arthAt 'daNDApUpikA' nyAya se dUsare artha kA jJAna hone para arthApatti alaGkAra hotA hai|

Page #73
zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 / julAI-sitambara 2004 vivecya kRti meM aneka sthaloM para 63 arthApatti alaGkAra kA saundarya parilakSita hotA hai| eka udAharaNa draSTavya hai - krUrastasminnapi na sahate saMgamaM nau kRtAntaH // 64 68 : 'nirdaya daiva svapna meM bhI hama donoM (rAjImatI aura neminAtha) ke milana ko sahana nahIM karatA' yahA~ 'tasminnapi ' pada se jAgrat avasthA ke arthApana hone ke kAraNa arthApatti alaGkAra hai| udAtta AcArya vizvanAtha ne sAhityadarpaNa ke dazama pariccheda meM udAtta alaGkAra kA svarUpa prakAzita karate hue kahA hai - lokaatishysmpttivrnnnodaattmucyte| yadvApi prastutasyAGgaM mahatAM caritaM bhavet // 65 arthAt lokottara sampatti kA varNana hone para tathA mahApuruSAdi kA carita prastuta vastu kA aGga hone para udAtta alaGkAra hotA hai / madUtakAra ne udAtta alaGkAra ke viniyoga meM paryApta ruci pradarzita kI hai| katipaya kAvyAMza prastuta haiM atratyuyaiH kila munivaro vAmanaH prAktapobhilabdhvA siddhiM sakalabhuvanavyApinA vigraheNa / IzaM vAsaM bhujagasadane prApayachAnavAnA mityAgantUn ramayati jano yatra bandhUnabhijJaH / / 66 - yahA~ bhagavAn vAmana kA carita avantivarNana kA aGga hai / ata: isa padya meM udAtta alaGkAra hai| saudhazreNIrvitatavilasattoraNAntarvyatItya, svAvAsaM taM maNicayarucA bhAsuraM prApsyasi tvam / 67 prastuta zlokArddha meM neminAtha ke dvArikAsthita nivAsagRha kI lokottara sampatti kA varNana hone se udAtta alaGkAra hai| isI prakAra kavi ne nemidUtam meM udAtta alaGkAra kI anyatra bhI yojanA kI hai, 68 jo uparyukta sthaloM ke sadRza hI bhAvapUrNa hai| svabhAvokti - svabhAvokti gUr3hArthapratItimUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| kAvyaprakAzakAra ne isakA vivecana ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai - svabhAvoktistu DimbhAdeH svakriyArUpavarNanam / 69

Page #74
nemidUtam kA alaGkAra-lAvaNya : 69 arthAt bAlaka Adi kI apanI svAbhAvika kriyA athavA rUpa (varNa evaM avayava saMgaThana) kA varNana svabhAvokti alaGkAra kahalAtA hai| kavivikramakRta svabhAvokti-prayogoM meM yathArthatA tathA sajIvatA ke darzana hote haiN| inameM prakRti ke sundara citra aMkita kiye gaye haiN| eka varNana prastuta hai - tasmitruccairdalitalaharIsIkarAsArahArI, vaaraaNraashestttjvikstketkaamodrmy:| khedaM mArga kramaNajanitaM te haraSyityajatraM, zIto vAyuH pariNamayitA kaannodumbraannaam||70 'usa velA taTa para utpanna hone vAle ketakI puSpoM ke makaranda se sugandhita, tADita laharoM ke jalakaNoM kI tIvra varSA se rucikara, vana ke gUlaroM ko pakAne vAlA, kolAhala karatA huA samudra kA zItala pavana nirantara tumhAre mArgajanma zrama ko dUra kregaa|' yahA~ sAgara-pavana kI svAbhAvika kriyAoM kA varNana hone se svabhAvokti alaGkAra hai| isI prakAra kavi ne katipaya anya padyoM meM bhI isa alaGkAra kA cittAkarSaka vinyAsa kiyA hai| samuccaya - samuccaya vAkyanyAyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| AcArya mammaTa ke anusAra kArya kI siddhi kA eka hetu vidyamAna rahane para bhI jahA~ anya hetu bhI usakA sAdhaka ho jAtA hai, vahA~ samuccaya alaGkAra hotA hai| tatsiddhihetAvekasmin yatrAnyat tatkaraM bhvet| smuccyo'sau|72 nemidUtam meM kI gaI samuccaya alaGkAra kI sajjA se kavi kI nipuNatA pradarzita hotI hai| eka padya udAharaNArtha prastuta hai - eNAMkAzmAvaniSu zizire kuGkumArdaiH padAGkaH, zInotkaMmpAdgativigalitairvAlakai: keshpaashaat| bhraSTaiH pInastanaparisarAdrodhramAlyaizca yasyAM, naizo mArgaH saviturudaye sUcyate kaaminiinaam||73 'jisa dvArikA meM abhisArikAoM kA rAtrimArga sUrya ke nikalane para zaradkAla meM zIta kI ka~paka~pI se yukta gati ke kAraNa kezapAza se gire hue puSpoM se, sthUla kucapradeza se TUTakara gire hue lodhrapuSpa-hAroM se tathA candrakAntamaNimaya pharza para kuMkumAI caraNacihnoM se sUcita hotA hai|' isa padya meM rAtrimArga ke sUcaka eka hetu ke vidyamAna rahane para bhI do anya hetu bhI sAdhaka ho gaye haiN| ata: yahA~ samuccaya alaGkAra hai| kavi ne nemidUtam meM katipaya anya sthaloM para74 bhI isa alaGkAra kA ramaNIya prayoga kiyA hai|

Page #75
13 zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 / julAI-sitambara 2004 samAsokti - yaha gamya aupamyAzrita sAdRzyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| samAsokti zabda kA artha hai - 'samAsena (saMkSepeNa) uktiH' zleSayukta vizeSaNoM ke dvArA aprakRta ke vyavahAra kA kathana samAsokti alaGkAra kahalAtA hai - paroktirbhedakaiH zliSTaiH samAsoktiH / 70 nemidUtam ke eka padya meM samAsokti alaGkAra kI suSamA darzanIya hai yasyAM sAndrAnupavanalatAvezmasu svedabindUn, muSNannaMgAtsuratajanitAnujjayantIM vigAhya / kurvantIre vigalitapaTAH sevate vAranArI:, ziprAvAtaH priyatama iva prArthanAcATukArI / / 76 yahA~ ziprAnadI ke pavana para premI ke vyavahAra kA Aropa hone se samAsokti alaGkAra hai / nemidUtam ke eka anya padya meM bhI samAsokti alaGkAra kA saundarya avalokanIya hai| vizeSokti - vizeSokti virodhamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai / dhvani prasthApana ke paramAcArya mammaTa ne kahA hai ki sampUrNa kAraNoM ke hone para bhI phala (kArya) kA kathana na karanA vizeSokti alaGkAra hotA hai - vizeSoktirakhaNDeSu kAraNeSu phalAvacaH / 78 nemidUtam meM do sthaloM para 79 vizeSokti alaGkAra spaSTataH parilakSita hotA hai| udAharaNArtha pratIpa alaGkAra ke prasaGga meM uddhRta padya 'udyadvAlavyajana'80 meM kAzapuSpasamUha, zvetakamala samUha tathA rAjahaMsoM kI zobhA kA darzana, smaraNa kA kAraNa hai tathApi smaraNarUpa kArya ke na hone se vizeSokti alaGkAra kI sRSTi huI hai| vyatireka - vyatireka gamya aupamyAzrita sAdRzyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai / sAhityadarpaNakAra kavirAja vizvanAtha ne isakA lakSaNa isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai AdhikyamupameyasyopamAnAnnyUnatAtha vaa| 81 - arthAt upamAna se upameya kA Adhikya athavA upamAna se upameya kI nyUnatA kA varNana hone para vyatireka alaGkAra hotA hai| kavi vikrama dvArA kiye gaye vyatireka alaGkAra ke prayogoM meM sahRdayahRdayAhlAdakatA hai| eka padya draSTavya hai - hai| tvadrUpeNApahRtamanaso vismayAtpauranAryaH, saundaryAdhaH kRta-manasijo rAjamArgaM prayAti / 82

Page #76
nemidUtam kA alaGkAra - lAvaNya yahA~ neminAtha ke saundarya kI tulanA meM upamAnasvarUpa kAmadeva ke saundarya kI nyUnatA varNita hone se vyatireka alaGkAra hai| isake atirikta eka anya padya meM83 bhI vyatireka alaGkAra kA manorama prayoga huA hai| viSama - viSama virodhamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra yadi kArya aura kAraNa ke guNa yA kriyAe~ paraspara viruddha hoM athavA Arambha kiyA huA kArya pUrNa na ho, pratyuta kucha anartha A par3e athavA do virUpa padArthoM kA mela ho to vahA~ viSama alaGkAra hotA hai - guNau kriye vA cetsyAtAM viruddhe hetukAryayoH / yadvArabdhasya vaiphalyamanarthasya ca sambhavaH / / virUpayoH saMghaTanA yA ca tadviSamaM matam / 84 nemidUtam ke nimnoddhRta padya meM viSama alaGkAra kI sarAhanIya anviti huI hai - ramyAhayaiH kva tava nagarI durgazRGga kva cAdri:, kvaitatkAmyaM tava mRduvapuH kva vrataM duHkhacaryyam | 24 .5 'kahA~ to dhanikoM ke gRhoM se manohara tumhArI dvArikA nagarI aura kahA~ viSama zikhara vAlA parvata ? kahA~ tumhArA yaha komala sundara zarIra aura kahA~ duHkhapUrvaka AcaraNIya tumhArI tapasyA ?' isa prakAra do virUpa padArthoM kI saMghaTanA hone se yahA~ viSama alaGkAra hai| mammaTa ke tulyayogitA - yaha gamya aupamyAzrita sAdRzyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| AcArya anusAra niyata (kevala prAkRta athavA kevala aprakRta arthoM) kA eka dharma ke sAtha sambandha hone para tulyayogitA alaGkAra hotA hai - niyatAnAM sakRddharmaH sA punastulyayogitA / 86 : 71 nemidUtam meM eka sthAna para tulyayogitA alaGkAra kA AkarSaka viniyoga huA hai - yasyAM puSpopacayamamalaM bhUSaNaM sIdhuhadyaM, gandhadravyaM vasananivahaM sUkSmamicchAnukUlam / nyastaH prItyA tridazapatinA vAsudevasya vezmanyekaH sUte sakalamabalAmaNDanaM kalpavRkSaH // 87 yahA~ se sambandha hone ke kAraNa tulyayogitA alaGkAra hai| prastuta (AbhUSaNa, gandhadravya tathA vastrasamUha) kA eka dharma (sUte)

Page #77
72 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 smaraNa - smaraNa sAdRzyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ne isakI paribhASA ina zabdoM meM pratipAdita kI hai - sadRzAnubhavAdvastusmRti: smrnnmucyte|8 arthAt kisI sadRza vastu ke smaraNa kA varNana karane se smaraNa alaGkAra hotA hai| smaraNa alaGkAra kI alaGkRti meM kavi vikrama ne vizeSa ruci nahIM lI hai| nemidUtam meM spaSTata: isa alaGkAra kA eka hI prayoga dRSTigocara hotA hai, jo nimnAMkita hai - puSpAkIrNaM puri saha tadA yastvayA rAjamArga, yAsyatyudyad dhvajanivasanaM cndnaambhrchttaangkm| zauri pItAmbaradharamana kSmAdhare meghamenaM, prekSyopAntasphuritataDitaM tvAM tameva smraami||89 megha kA kRSNa se tathA vidyut kA pItAmbara se sAdRzya hai| ata: megha ko dekhakara kRSNa kA smaraNa hone se yahA~ smaraNa alaGkAra hai| . apahRti - apahRti AropamUlaka abhedapradhAna arthAlaGkAra hai| isakA lakSaNa karate hue AcArya mammaTa kahate haiM ki prakRta kA niSedha karake jo anya (aprakRta) kI siddhi kI jAtI hai, vaha apahRti alaGkAra hotA hai - prakRtaM yaniSidhyAnyatsAdhyate sA tvphnutiH|90 vastutaH apahRti zabda kA artha hai chipaanaa| ataH isa alaGkAra meM upameya ko chipAne yA usakA niSedha karane kA kathana Avazyaka hai| vivecya kRti meM mAtra eka sthAna para hI apahRti alaGkAra kI yojanA huI hai, jo isa prakAra hai - kAMkSatyanyo vadanamadirAM dohdcchdmnaasyaaH||91 arthAt balabhadra dohada ke bahAne se dvArikAvAsinI nAriyoM kI mukhamadirA ko pInA cAhatA hai| yahA~ 'chadmAnA' pada ke dvArA dohada ke svarUpa kA apahRva kiye jAne se apahRti alaGkAra hai| nidarzanA - nidarzanA gamya aupamyAzrita sAdRzyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| AcArya mammaTa ke anusAra jahA~ vastu kA asambhava sambandha (prakRta kI aprakRta ke sAtha) upamA kA parikalpaka hotA hai vahA~ nidarzanA alaGkAra mAnA gayA hai - nidrshnaa| abhavan vastusambandha upmaapriklpkH|92 nemidUtam meM nirdazanA alaGkAra kA eka prayoga darzanIya hai -

Page #78
nemidUtam kA alaGkAra-lAvaNya : 73 udyattApAtkumudamiva te kairaviNyA viyogA - dindordainyaM tvdnusrnnklissttkaanterbibhrti||93 yahA~ 'rAjImatI kI zobhAhIna mukhakAnti candra kI dInadazA ko dhAraNa karatI hai' isa vAkyArtha kA paryavasAna 'rAjImatI kI mukha-kAnti candra ke samAna hai' isa prakAra upamA meM ho jAtA hai| ata: yahA~ nidarzanA alaGkAra kI chaTA hai| paryAya - yaha vAkyanyAyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| AcArya vizvanAtha kA mata hai ki jahA~ eka vastu anekoM meM athavA aneka vastu eka meM krama se hoM yA kI jAyeM, vahA~ paryAya alaGkAra hotA hai - __ kvacidekamanekasminnanekaM caikagaM krmaat| bhavati kriyate vA cettadA paryAya issyte||94 kavi vikrama ne kevala eka padya me paryAya alaGkAra kA niyojana kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai - nIpAmodonmadamadhukarIguJjanaM gItaramyaM, kekA veNukvaNitamadhurAbarhiNAM caarunRtym| zrotrAnandI murjnindstvtpryaannNydisyaa-tsNgiitaarthonnupshuptesttrbhaaviismgrH||95 prastuta padya meM bhramaroM kI guJjAra, mayUradhvani tathA mayUranRtya ke eka vastu (saMgIta) meM hone se paryAya alaGkAra hai parisaMkhyA - parisaMkhyA vAkyanyAyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| kAvyaprakAzakAra ke anusAra kucha pUchA huA yA na pUchA huA, kahA~ jAkara, jo ki usake samAna anya ke niSedha ke liye kalpita kiyA jAtA hai, vaha parisaMkhyA mAnI gayI hai : kiMcitpRSTamapRSTaM vA kathitaM ytprklpte| tAdRganyavyapohAya parisaMkhyA tu sA smRtaa||96 parisaMkhyA alaGkAra ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM nemidUtam kA eka sthala avalokanIya hai - vyAdhidehAnspRzati na bhayAdrakSituH zArGgapANe - rmRtyorvAttA zravaNapathagA kutrcidvaasbhaajaam| kAmakrIDArasasukhajuSAM yacchatAmarthikAmA - nvittezAnAM na ca khalu vayo yauvnaadnydsti||97 isa padya meM 'dvArikAvAsI kahIM-kahIM kathAprasaMgAdi meM hI mRtyuvArtA kA zravaNa karate haiN| isase 'rogAdi ke kAraNa akAlamRtyu nahIM hotI' yaha abhiprAya hone se parisaMkhyA alaGkAra hai|

Page #79
74 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 anumAna - alaGkArasarvasvakAra ruyyaka ke anusAra anumAna tarkanyAyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ne hetu ke dvArA sAdhya ke camatkArapUrNa jJAna ko anumAna alaGkAra kahA hai - anumAnaM tu vicchittyA jJAnaM sAdhyasya saadhnaat|98 nemidUtam ke pUrvoddhRta padya 'eNAMkAzmAvaniSu... naizo mArga: saviturudaye sUcyate kaaminiinaam||'99 meM hetu (kezapAza se gire hue puSpa, lodhrapuSpahAra tathA caraNacihna) ke dvArA sAdhya (naizamArga) kA camatkArapUrNa jJAna hone se anumAna alaGkAra hai| parikara - parikara gamya aupamyAzrita sAdRzyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| isakI paribhASA sAhityadarpaNakAra ne ina zabdoM meM prastuta kI hai - uktairvizeSaNaiH sAbhiprAyaiH parikaro mtH|100 arthAt kahe hue vizeSaNa yadi vizeSa abhiprAya kA bodhana karate hoM to parikara alaGkAra hotA hai| nemidUtam ke nimnAMkita kAvyAMza meM parikara alaGkAra kA lAvaNya spaSTataH parilakSita hotA hai - vaktuM dhIraH stanitavacanairmAninI prkrmethaaH||101 'he saMgrAma meM dhIra! aba jaise yaha rAjImatI usI virahajanya dInatA ko chor3e, vaise isase satya evaM gambhIra vacanoM se vaktavya prArambha kro|' yahA~ 'dhIra' pada kI yojanA kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki neminAtha rAjImatI ko bhalIbhA~ti samajhAyeM, kyoMki striyA~ svabhAvata: bhIru hotI haiN| taba jo svayaM 'dhIra' nahIM hogA vaha dUsare ko dhairya kaise ba~dhAyegA? bhAvika - bhAvika gUDhArthapratItimUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra bhUta yA bhaviSyat kisI adbhuta padArtha ko pratyakSavat anubhava karane para bhAvika alaGkAra hotA hai - adbhutasya padArthasya bhUtasyAtha bhvissytH|| yatpratyakSAyamANatvaM tdbhaavikmudaahRtm|102 udAharaNArtha nemidUtam ke, udAtta alaGkAra ke prasaMga meM uddhRta padya 'atrAtyugraiH kila0103 meM, avanti nagarI kI bhUtakAlIna adbhuta ghaTanAoM kA pratyakSavat varNana hone se, bhAvika alaGkAra hai| atizayokti - atizayokti adhyavasAyamUlaka abheda-pradhAna arthAlaGkAra hai| isameM lokamaryAdA kA ullaMghana karane vAlI ukti (atizaya+ukti) hotI hai| vizvanAtha kavirAja kA kathana hai ki 'adhyavasAya' ke siddha ho jAne para atizayokti alaGkAra

Page #80
nemidUtam kA alaGkAra - lAvaNya : 75 hotA hai| upamAna ke dvArA upameya kA nigaraNa hone se donoM meM abheda kA jo jJAna hotA hai use 'adhyavasAya' kahate haiM siddhtvedhy'dhyvsaaysyaatishyoktirnigdyte|| - viSayanigaraNenAbheda pratipattirviSayiNo'dhyavasAyaH / 104 - kavi ne eka sthAna para atizayokti alaGkAra kI atIva ramaNIya yojanA kI haivANasyAjau haravijayino vAsudevasya yasyAM prApyAsattiM carati gatabhIH puSpacAponirastraH / yasmAddhelA kRtayuvamanomohanAptaprakarSe - stasyArambhazcaturavanitAvibhramaireva siddhaH // 105 isa padya meM kAmadeva ke dhanurdhAraNa kA sambandha hone para bhI usake asambandha kI ukti se bhedakAtizayokti alaGkAra hai| dRSTAnta - dRSTAnta gamya aupamyAzrita sAdRzyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| sAhityadarpaNakAra ne isakA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki do vAkyoM meM dharmasahita vastu (upamAna- upameya) ke pratibimbana ko dRSTAnta alaGkAra kahate haiM - dRSTAntastu dharmasya vastuna' pratibimbanam / 106 nemidUtam meM eka sthAna para spaSTataH dRSTAnta alaGkAra kA viniyoga parilakSita hotA hai, jo isa prakAra hai - yanniHzrIkaM harati na manastvAM vinA yAdavendo, sUryApAye na khalu kamalaM puSyati svAmabhikhyAm // 107 isa kAvyAMza meM. 'vAsagRha tathA rAjImatI donoM tumhAre (nemi ke) binA zrIrahita hokara sajjanoM kA mana AkRSTa nahIM karate haiM' upameyavAkya hai| - 'sUrya ke asta ho jAne para kamala apanI zobhA ko dhAraNa nahIM karatA hai'upamAna vAkya hai| donoM vAkyoM meM dharmasahita upamAnopameya kA bimbapratibimba bhAva hone se dRSTAnta alaGkAra hai| vinokti - vinokti gamya aupamyAzrita sAdRzyamUlaka arthAlaGkAra hai| AcArya mammaTa ne isakA svarUpa ina zabdoM meM pratipAdita kiyA hai - vinoktiH sA vinA'nyena yatrAnyaH sanna netaraH / 108 arthAt jahA~ dUsare ke binA dUsarA artha sundara na ho athavA asundara na ho (apitu zobhana ho ) - vaha do prakAra kI vinokti hotI hai|

Page #81
76 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 udAharaNArtha nemidUtam ke pUrvoddhRta kAvyAMza - 'yani:zrIkaM harati na manastvAM vinA yAdavendo' 109 meM neminAtha ke binA vAsagRha tathA rAjImatI sundara nahIM haiM (zrIrahita haiN)| ata: yahA~ vinokti alaGkAra hai| saMsRSTi - saMsRSTi gUDhArtha pratIti mUlaka alaGkAra hai| AcArya mammaTa ne isakA nirUpaNa karate hue kahA hai ki do yA do se adhika alaGkAroM kI kAvya yA vAkya meM bheda (parasparanirapekSarUpa) se jo sthiti hai vaha saMsRSTi alaGkAra mAnI gayI hai - seSTA saMsRSTireteSAM bhedena yadiha sthitiH|110 kavi vikrama ne saMsRSTi alaGkAra ke prayoga meM paryApta ruci pradarzita kI hai| unhoMne nemidUtam ke eka-eka padya meM do-do yA tIna-tIna alaGkAroM kA saMzleSa karake saMsRSTi alaGkAra kI sRSTi kI hai| katipaya sthala udAharaNasvarUpa prastuta haiM - (ka) zabdAlaGkAra - arthAlaGkAra - saMsRSTi - tAMduHkhArtI zizirasalilAsArasAraiH samIrai - rAvAsyeva sphuttitkuttjaamodmttaalinaadaiH| sAdhvImadriH patimanugatAMtatpadanyAsapUtaH, prIta: priitiprmukhvcnNsvaagtNvyaajhaar||111 isa padya meM prayukta 'AzvAsyeva' pada se utprekSA, 'zizirasalilA - sArasAraiH' se chekAnuprAsa tathA 'prIta: prIti pramukhavacanam' se vRtyanuprAsa alaGkAra spaSTa hotA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ anuprAsa evaM utprekSA alaGkAroM kI tilataNDulavat parasparanirapekSarUpa se avasthiti hone ke kAraNa saMsRSTi alaGkAra hai| isI prakAra nemidUtam ke anya padyoM meM bhI zabdArthAlaGkAroM kI saMsRSTi nimnavat darzanIya hai - + utprekSA-anuprAsa112 tathA + kAvyaliGga - anuprAsa113 (kha) arthAlaGkAro kI saMsRSTi - antastApan mRdubhujayugaM te mRNAlasya dainyaM, mlAnaM caitanmihirakiraNakliSTazobhasya dhtte| pluSTaH zvAsairvirahazikhinA sadvitIyastavAyaM yAsyatyUru: srskdliistmbhgaurshcltvm||114 prastuta padya ke pUrvArddha se nidarzanA, 'virahazikhinA' pada se rUpaka tathA 'kadalIstambhagaura:' pada se luptopamA alaGkAra spaSTa hotA hai| isa prakAra tIna arthAlaGkAroM kI paraspara sthiti hone se yahA~ saMsRSTi alaGkAra kI sRSTi huI hai|

Page #82
nemidUtam kA alaGkAra - lAvaNya nemidUtam ke anya padyoM meM arthAlaGkAroM kI saMsRSTi isa prakAra dekhI jA sakatI hai - * utprekSA - arthApatti, 115 rUpaka - kAvyaliGga, 116 rUpaka - udAtta, 117 rUpaka - upamA, 118 rUpaka - utprekSA, 119 upamA - pratIpa, 120 upamA - arthAntaranyAsa, 121 upamA - utprekSA, 122 tathA kAvyaliGga - upamA 123 upamA - utprekSA - pratIpa / 124 saGkara - saGkara gUDhArthapratItimUlaka alaGkAra hai| do yA adhika alaGkAroM kI, jala aura dugdha ke samAna, paraspara sApekSabhAva se ekatra sthiti hI saGkara alaGkAra kahalAtI hai| saGkara alaGkAra tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - (ka) aGgAGgibhAvasaGkara, (kha) sandehasaGkara tathA (ga) ekAzrayAnupravezasaGkara, jaisA ki AcArya vizvanAtha kA kathana haiaGgAGgitve'laMkRtInAM tadvadekAzrayasthitau / saMdigdhatve ca bhavati saGkarastrividhaH punaH / / 125 : 77 arthAt saGkara tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - (ka) jahA~ kaI alaGkAroM meM aGga-aGgi bhAva ho, (kha) jahA~ eka hI Azraya meM (zabda yA artha) meM aneka alaGkAroM kI sthiti ho evaM (ga) jahA~ kaI alaGkAroM kA sandeha hotA ho / saGkara alaGkAra ke prayoga meM bhI kavi vikrama ne vahI dRSTi apanAyI hai, jo saMsRSTi alaGkAra ke vinyAsa meM apanAyI hai / nemidUtam ke eka-eka padya meM do-do yA tInatIna alaGkAroM kA paraspara sApekSabhAva se gumphana karake unhoMne saGkara alaGkAra kI sajjA kI hai| katipaya sthala draSTavya haiM - jahroH putrI tadanudadhatIM tAmiverSyA sapatnyAH zambhoH kezagrahaNamakarodindulagnormihastA / / 126 'gaGgA ne isa pArvatI se, sapatnIbhAva ke kAraNa, IrSyA karate hue mAno (ziva ke mastaka para sthita ) candramA para lahara rUpI hAtha rakhakara ziva ke kezoM ko pakar3a liyA' - yahA~ utprekSA evaM rUpaka alaGkAroM kA aGgAGgibhAva sambandha hone ke kAraNa saGkara alaGkAra hai|

Page #83
78 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 / julAI-sitambara 2004 ityukte'syA vacanavimukhaM muktikAntAnuraktaM, dRSTavA nemiM kila jaladharaH sannidhau bhUdharastha: / tatkAruNyAdiva navajalAzrANuviddhAM sma dhatte, khadyotAlIvilasitanibhAM vidyudunmeSadRSTim / / 127 isa padya meM rUpaka (muktikAntAnuraktaM), utprekSA (tatkAruNyAdiva) evaM upamA (khadyotAlIvilasitanibhAm) alaGkAroM kA aGgAGgibhAva sambandha hone ke kAraNa saGkara alaGkAra hai| yogasaktaM sajalajaladazyAmalaM rAjaputrI / 1 128 prastuta caraNa meM prayukta 'sajalajaladazyAmalaM' pada meM luptopamA evaM chekAnuprAsa alaGkAroM chaTA vidyamAna hone se ekAzrayAnupraveza saGkara hai| nemidUtam ke anya sthaloM para bhI saGkara alaGkAra kA lAvaNya dRSTigocara hotA hai, yathA - anuprAsa - upamA, 129 upamA - kAvyaliGga, 130 arthAntaranyAsa - arthApatti, 131 rUpaka - arthAntaranyAsa, 132 anuprAsa - arthAntaranyAsa, 133 upamA - kAvyaliGga, 134 arthAntaranyAsa - kAvyaliGga, 135 utprekSA - anuprAsa 136 evaM udAnta - utprekSA / 137 niSkarSa isa prakAra nemidUtam meM prayukta vividha zabdAlaGkAroM evaM arthAlaGkAroM ke samIkSaNa se yaha tathya bhalIbhA~ti pramANita hotA hai ki kavi vikrama alaGkArasajjA meM atyanta nipuNa haiN| unhoMne isa kRti meM - arthAntaranyAsa, upamA, utprekSA, kAvyaliGga, udAtta, pratIpa evaM arthApattilaGkAroM ke vinyAsa meM adhika ruci lI hai / zabdAlaGkAroM meM se unhoMne mAtra anuprAsa alaGkAra kA hI bahulatA ke sAtha viniyoga kiyA hai| kavi kI isa alaGkAra - prastuti ke viSaya meM yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki unhoMne eka-eka padya meM do, tIna yA cAra alaGkAroM kA saMzleSaNa eka sAtha kara diyA hai| tathApi padya kA mUla bhAva evaM bAhya zilpa pUrNataH akSuNNa rahA hai| isake pariNAmasvarUpa nemidUtam kA alaGkAralAvaNya sahRdayavRnda ko camatkRta evaM AhlAdita karane meM

Page #84
nemidUtam kA alaGkAra-lAvaNya : 79 saphala rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki apane alaGkRta kAvyazilpa dvArA nemidUtam ne dUtakAvyaparamparA meM mahatI pratiSThA evaM prazaMsA arjita kI hai| sandarbhagrantha-sUcI nemidUtam (kavivikrama), pradhAnasampAdaka - DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, vyAkhyAkAradhIrendra mizra, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI 1994 ii0| kAvyaprakAza (mammaTa), vyA0 - AcArya vizvezvara, jJAnamaNDala li0, vArANasI 1960 ii0| sAhityadarpaNa (vizvanAtha), vyA0 - zAligrAmazAstrI, motIlAla banArasI dAsa, dillI 1986 ii0| alaGkArasarvasva (ruyyaka), sampA0 - rAmacandra dvivedI, motIlAla banArasI dAsa, dillii| meghadUtam (kAlidAsa), vyA0 - ramAzaMkara tripAThI, vi0vi0 prakAzana, vArANasI 1981 ii0| jainameghadUtam (aMcalagacchIya AcArya merutuGga), sampA0 - DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina, vyA0 - DaoN0 ravizaMkara mizra, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodhasaMsthAna, vArANasI 1989 ii0| alaGkAradIpa - DaoN0 ke0ke0 Ananda, nUtana prakAzana, hAtharasa 1970 ii0| sandarbha : 1. zrImannemezcaritavizadaM saanggnnsyaanggjnmaa.......|| - nemidUtam, 126 / 2. upakurvanti taM santaM ye'GgadvAreNa jaatucit| haaraadivdlngkaaraaste'nupraasopmaadyH|| - kAvyaprakAza, 8/67 / 3. ye vAcaka-vAcya-lakSaNAGgAtizayamukhena mukhyaM rasaM sambhavinamupakurvanti te kaNThAdyaGgAnAmutkarSAdhAnadvAreNa zarIriNo'pi upakArakA hArAdaya ivaalngkaaraaH| - tadeva, 8/67 para vRtti| 4. yatra tu nAsti rmsttroktivaicitrymaatrpryvsaayinH| - tdev| . 5. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/3 / 6. nemidUtam, 23 / 7. tadeva, 28 / 8. tadeva, 29 // 9. tadeva, 37 / 10. tadeva, 76 / 11. tadeva, 100 / 12. tadeva, 26 / 13. tadeva, 27 / 14. tadeva, 43 / 15. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/11 / 16. nemidUtam, 17 17. tadeva, 30 / 18. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/81

Page #85
80 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 19. nemidUtam, 56 / 20. nemidUtam, 64 / 21. kAvyaprakAza, 10/87 / 22. nemidUtam, 26 / 23. tadeva, 61 / 24. tadeva, 67 25. nemidUtam, 102 / 26. tadeva, 123 / 27. tadeva, 22 / 28.tadeva, 56 / 29.tadeva, 63 / 30.tadeva, 97 / 31.tadeva, 118 / 32. tadeva, 9 / 33. nemidUtam, 39 / 34. tadeva, 91 / / 35. tadeva, 11 / 36. tadeva, 20 / 37. tadeva, 49 / 38. tadeva, 121 // 39. tadeva, 60 / 40. kAvyaprakAza, 10/92 / 41. nemidUtam, 32 / 42. tadeva, 89 / 43. tadeva, 111 / 44. kAvyaprakAza, 10/93 / 45. nemidUtam, 40 / 46. tadeva, 110 / 47.tadeva, 116 / 48. tadeva, 44 / 49. kAvyaprakAza, 10/109 / 50. nemidUtam, 5 / 51. nemidUtam, 42 / 52. tadeva, 122 // 53. tadeva, 6, 21, 57, 58, 94, 54. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/63 / 107, 120, 124 / 55. nemidUtam, 31 / 56. tadeva, 43 / 57. tadeva, 75,81,92,93 tathA 115 / 58. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/87-88 / 59. nemidUtam, 7 / 60.nemidUtam, 52 / 61. tadeva, 83 / 62. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/83 / 63. nemidUtam, 10, 13, 14, 24 / / 64. tadeva, 113 / 65. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/94-95 / 66. nemiduutm,35| 67. tadeva, 86 / 68.tadeva, 36, 73, 125 / 69. kAvyaprakAza, 10/111 // 70. nemidUtam, 46 / 71. tadeva, 82, 95 / 72. kAvyaprakAza, 10/116 / 73. nemidUtam, 80 / 74. nemidUtam, 66, 71 / 75. kAvyaprakAza, 10/97 / 76. nemidUtam, 33 / 77. tadeva, 45 / 78. kAvyaprakAza, 10/108 / 79. nemidUtam, 83, 105 / 80. tadeva, 83 /

Page #86
81. sAhityadarpaNa, 10 / 52 / 83. tadeva, 111 85. nemidUtam, 16 / 87. nemidUtam, 79 / 89. nemidUtam, 84 / 91. nemidUtam, 85 / 93. nemidUtam, 91 / 95. nemidUtam, 60 / 96. kAvyaprakAza, 10/119| 98. sAhityadarpaNa, 10 / 63 / 97. nemidUtam, 70 / 99. samuccaya alaGkAra ke udAharaNa ke rUpa 100 sahityadarpaNa, 10 / 57/ meM uddhRta, nemidUtam 80 / 101. nemidUtam, 105 103. nemidUtam, 35 / 105. nemidUtam, 81 / 107. nemidUtam, 87| 109. nemidUtam 875 111. nemidUtam, 4 / 113. tadeva, 1 / 115. tadeva, 19 / 117. tadeva, 59 / 119. tadeva, 74 / 121. tadeva, 101, 117 123. tadeva, 108, 112 / 125. sAhityadarpaNa, 10 / 98 / 127. tadeva, 88 / 129. tadeva, 15, 65 / 131. tadeva, 3, 17 133. tadeva, 18 / 135. tadeva, 30, 109 / 137. tadeva, 34 / nemidUtam kA alaGkAra-lAvaNya 1. 81 82. nemidUtam, 39 / 84. sAhityadarpaNa, 10 / 70-71 / * 86. kAvyaprakAza, 10/104 / 88. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/27/ 90. kAvyaprakAza, 10 / 96 / 92. kAvyaprakAza, 10/97 94. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/80 1 102. sAhityadarpaNa, 10/93-94 104. sAhityadarpaNa, 10 / 46 tathA usa para vRtti / 106. sAhityadarpaNa, 10 / 51 / 108. kAvyaprakAza, 10/113 / 110. kAvyaprakAza, 10/60 / 112. tadeva, 62 / 114. nemidUtam, 103 / 116. tadeva, 41 / 118. tadeva, 68, 90, 120. tadeva, 78, 114 / 122. tadeva, 50/ 124. tadeva, 55 / 126. nemidUtam, 54 / 128. nemidUtam 2 | 130. tadeva, 112 / 132. tadeva, 81 134. tadeva, 25, 38 / 136. tadeva, 64 | 99 /

Page #87
kharataragaccha - sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA kA itihAsa zivaprasAda * kharataragaccha meM samaya-samaya para astittva meM AyI vibhinna zAkhAoM meM sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA bhI eka hai / parantu yaha svataMtra zAkhA na hokara balki mukhya paramparA kI AjJAnuvartI rahI hai| AcArya jinodayasUri ke praziSya aura jinarAjasUri ke ziSya sAgaracandrasUri apane samaya ke prabhAvazAlI jainAcArya the| AcArya jinarAjasUri ke vi0 saM0 1461/ I0 saM0 1405 meM nidhana hone para inhoMne jinavardhanasUri ko unake paTTa para pratiSThita kiyaa| vi0 saM0 1475 meM kucha aparihArya kAraNoM se sAgaracandrasUri ne jinavardhanasUri ke sthAna para jinabhadrasUri ko apane guru jinarAjasUri kA paTTadhara bnaayaa|' zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 julAI-sitambara 2004 sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA ke itihAsa ke adhyayana ke liye isa paramparA ke vibhinna munijanoM dvArA racita aura adhyayanArtha pratilipi kiye gaye granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM isa zAkhA ke vibhinna munijanoM ke nAma prApta hote haiN| isI prakAra isa zAkhA se sambaddha kucha abhilekhIya sAkSya bhI mile haiM, jo vi0 saM0 1755 se vi0 saM0 1965 taka ke haiM / 2 ye lekha isa zAkhA ke vibhinna munijanoM kI caraNapAdukAoM Adi para utkIrNa haiN| yadyapi inase isa gaccha itihAsa para koI vizeSa prakAza nahIM par3atA, phira bhI vikrama samvat kI 20 vIM zatAbdI ke chaTheM dazaka ke madhya taka isa zAkhA ke astittvavAna hone ke akATya pramANa haiN| vartamAna isa zAkhA ke eka-do yati bhInAsara meM vidyamAn haiN| 2a isa zAkhA ke AdipuruSa sAgaracandrasUri dvArA racita na to koI kRti prApta huI aura na hI isa sambandha meM koI ullekha hI prApta hotA hai| kintu inakI paramparA meM hue dayAsAgara gaNi ne vi0 saM0 1510 meM oghaniyukti aura vi0 saM0 1514 meM SaTsthAnakaprakaraNavRtti kI svayaM dvArA likhI gayI pratilipi kI prazasti meM apane praguru ke rUpa meM AcArya sAgaracandrasUri kA sAdara ullekha kiyA hai| unake dvArA dI gayI gurvAvalI isa prakAra hai : sAgaracandrasUri mahimarAja dayAsAgaragaNi ( vi0 saM0 1510 meM oghaniryukti aura vi0saM0 1514 meM SaTsthAnakaprakaraNavRtti ke pratilipikAra) * pravaktA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI "

Page #88
kharataragaccha - sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA kA itihAsa : 83 dayAsAgaragaNi ke ziSya vAcaka jJAnamaMdiragaNi ne vi0saM0 1562 meM piNDaniyukti kA saMzodhana kiyaa|6 jJAnamaMdiragaNi ke ziSya devatilaka hue jinhoMne vi0saM0 1564 meM apane guru ke samakSa saMghapaTTakavRttisaha kA saMzodhana kiyaa| inake ziSya upAdhyAya harSaprabha hue jinake dvArA racita koI kRti nahIM milatI kintu inake ziSya hIrakalaza ne vi0saM0 1608 yA 1618 meM maru-gurjara bhASA meM munipaticaritra kI racanA kii| isakI prazasti ke antargata granthakAra ne apanI lambI gurvAvalI dI hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai : sAgaracandrasUri mahimarAja dayAsAgaragaNi vAcaka jJAnamaMdiragaNi upAdhyAya devatilaka upAdhyAya harSaprabha mani hIrakalaza (vi0 saM0 1608/I0sa0 1552 yA vi0saM0 1618/ I0sa0 1562 meM munipaticaritra ke racanAkAra) vi0saM0 1530-52 ke madhya maru-gurjara bhASA meM racI gayI kRti rUpakamAlA ke racanAkAra puNyanaMdi bhI isI zAkhA se sambaddha the| kRti prazasti meM unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA dI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : sAgaracandrasUri mahimarAja ratnakIrti samayabhakta puNyanaMdi (vi0 saM0 1530-52 ke madhya rUpakamAlA ke racayitA) isI prakAra vi0 saM0 1664 meM pratilipi kI gayI zAmba-pradyumnacaupAI kI dAtAprazasti deg meM bhI lipikAra ne apane guru-paramparA kI lambI gurvAvalI dI hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai :

Page #89
84 . : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 sAgaracandrasUri somasundarasUri sAdhulAbha cArudharma samayakalazagaNi sukhanidhAna mohana (vi0 saM0 1664 meM zAmba-pradyumnacaupAI ke pratilipikAra) vi0saM0 1738 meM sItArAmacaupAI ke pratilipikAra yazolAbhagaNi bhI sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA se hI sambaddha the| yaha bAta unake dvArA likhI gayI ukta grantha kI pratilipi kI prazasti 1 se jJAta hotI hai| sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA ke sukhanidhAna paM0 guNasena yazolAbhagaNi (vi0saM0 1738 meM sItArAmacaupAI ke pratilipikAra) devatilaka upAdhyAya ke praziSya aura vijayarAja upAdhyAya ke ziSya munikanakasAra ne vi0saM0 1628 meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI pratilipi12 kii| isakI prazasti meM inhoMne apane guru-praguru, gurubhrAtAoM Adi kA nAmollekha kiyA hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai - sAgaracandrasUri mahimarAja dayAsAgaragaNi jJAnamaMdiragaNi devatilaka upAdhyAya vijayarAja upAdhyAya paM0 padmamaMdira muni paM0 kanakasAra muni paM0 karmasAramuni paM0 mehAjala (RSimaMDalaTIkA (vi0saM0 1628 meM uttarAke racanAkAra) dhyayanasUtra ke pratilipikAra) isa prakAra vibhinna prazastigata ukta choTI-choTI gurvAvaliyoM ke samAyojana se isa paramparA kI eka tAlikA saMgaThita kI jA sakatI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : draSTavyatAlikA - 1

Page #90
(vi0saM0 1510 meM oghaniyukti ke evaM vi0saM0 1514 meM SaTsthAnakaprakaraNavRttisaha ke pratilipikAra) (vi0saM0 1562 meM bIkAnera meM piNDaniyukti ke saMzodhaka) (vi0 saM0 1566 meM apane ziSya devatilakagaNi ke vAcanArtha sUtrakRtAMga evaM usakI niyukti ke pratilipikAra) (vi0saM0 1561 praznavyAkaraNasUtra evaM 1564 meM saMghapaTTaka vRttisaha ke saMzodhaka) vijayarAja upAdhyAya kanakasAramuni (vi0saM0 1628 meM uttarAdhyayanasUtradIpikA kI pratilipi kI) inake anya guru bhrAtAoM kA bhI isa prazasti meM ullekha hai| tAlikA - 1 jinasamudrasUri AcArya sAgaracandrasUri mahimarAja 1 dayAsAgaragaNi vAcaka jJAnasAgaragaNi devatilaka upA0 harSaprabha T hIrakalaza (vi0 saM0 1608 yA 1618 meM munipaticaritra ke kartA) somasundara | sAdhulAbha cArudharma samayakalazagaNi sukhanidhAna paM0 guNasena I yazolAbhagaNi (vi0saM0 1638 meM sItArAmacaupAI ke pratilipikAra) ratnakIrti | samayabhakta puNyanandi (vi0 saM0 1530 52 ke madhya rUpakamAlA ke racanAkAra) mohana (vi0 saM0 1664 meM zAmbapradhumna caupAI ke pratilipikAra) kharataragaccha - sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA kA itihAsa 85

Page #91
86 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 vi0 saM0 1762 meM lipikRta caturviMzatistava kI prazasti13 meM pratilipikAra sukhahema ne bhI svayaM ko kharataragaccha kI sAgaracandrasUri zAkhA se sambaddha batalAte hue apanI guru-paramparA dI hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai : mahimAhegaNi kalyANasAgara AnandadhIra sukhahema (vi0saM0 1762 meM caturviMzatistava ke pratilipikAra) muni sukhahema ke ziSya sukhavilAsa ne vi0saM0 1804 meM dharmabuddhipApabuddhicaupAI14 kI pratilipi kii| isI prakAra vi0 saM0 1778 meM haMsarAjavaccharAjacaupAI15 aura vi0saM0 1788 meM naladamayantIrAsa16 ke pratilipikAra muni caturaharSa ne bhI svayaM ko sAgaracandrasUrizAkhAse sambaddhabatalAtehue apanIlambI gurvAvalIdIhai, joisaprakAra hai: sAgaracandrasUrisaMtAnIya mahimAhemagaNi kalyANasAgaragaNi devadhIra hemaharSa muni caturaharSa (vi0saM0 1778 meM haMsarAjavaccharAjacaupAI aura vi0 saM0 1788 meM naladamayantIrAsa ke pratilipikAra) ukta donoM prazastiyoM ke samAyojana se eka naI tAlikA saMgaThita kI jA sakatI hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai : draSTavya - tAlikA - 2 sAgaracandrasUrisaMtAnIya mahimAhemagaNi kalyANasAgaragaNi AnandadhIra devadhIra sukhahema (vi0saM0 1762 meM caturviMzati hemaharSa | stava ke pratilipikAra) sukhavilAsa (vi0saM0 1804 meM dharmabuddhi- caturaharSa (vi0saM0 1778 meM haMsarAjavacchapApabuddhi caupAI ke pratilipikAra) rAja caupAI evaM vi0 saM0 1788 meM naladamayantIrAsa ke pratilipikAra)

Page #92
kharataragaccha - sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA kA itihAsa : 87 sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA ke rAjendragaNi ke praziSya evaM vAcaka jayanidhAnagaNi ke ziSya munikamala siMha ne sindhudeza meM vi0 saM0 1674 meM jJAtAdharmakathA kI pratilipi kii|16a vi0saM0 1721 meM abhidhAnacintAmaNinAmamAlA ke pratilipikAra vAcaka kamalaratnagaNi bhI sAgaracandrasUri zAkhA se sambaddha the| isakI dAtAprazasti17 meM unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA ke kucha munijanoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai : sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA ke dayAratnagaNi upA0 zivadeva upA0 rAjacandra vAcaka jayanidhAna vAcaka kamalasiMha vAcaka kamalaratnagaNi (vi0 saM0 1721/I0 san 1665 meM abhidhAnacintAmaNinAmamAlA ke pratilipikAra) isa prazasti se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki inhoMne ukta grantha ko apane ziSya dAnacandra ke paThanArtha likhA thaa| vi0saM0 1730/I0sa0 1674 meM mRgAvatIcarita ke pratilipikAra'8 bhI ukta dAnacandra hI the| vi0saM0 1737 meM paM0 nayanAnanda dvArA likhIgayI zabdazobhAvyAkaraNavRttisaha kI prazasti19 se jJAta hotA hai ki pratilipikartA kamalacandragaNi ke praziSya aura muni jJAnacandra ke ziSya the| ukta tInoM prazastiyoM meM dI gayI gurvAvaliyoM ke AdhAra para sAgaracandrasUri zAkhA ke munijanoM kI eka anya tAlikA saMgaThita hotI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : draSTavya - tAlikA - 3

Page #93
88 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 tAlikA - 3 sAgaracandrasUri zAkhA ke paM0 dayAratnagaNi upA0 zivadeva upA0 rAjacandra vAcaka jayanidhAna kamalasiMha vAcakaM kamalaratna (vi0saM0 1721 meM abhiyAnacintA maNinAmamAlA ke pratilipikAra) dAnacandra jJAnacandramuni (inhI ke paThanArtha inake guru ne vi0 saM0 1721 meM abhidhAnacintAmaNinAmamAlA paM0 nayanAnanda ko pratilipikI) (vi0 saM0 1737 meM zabdazobhA vyAkaraNa vRttisaha ke pratilipikAra) vi0saM0 1701 meM vIrAMgadacaupAI ke pratilipikAra samayamUrtigaNi bhI svayaM ko sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA se hI sambaddha batalAte haiN| ukta grantha kI prazasti2deg meM unhoMne svayaM ko jJAnapramodagaNi kA praziSya aura guNanandanagaNi kA ziSya batalAyA hai : sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA ke jJAnapramodagaNi (vAgbhaTAlaMkAraTIkA ke kartA) guNanandanagaNi (maMgalakalazarAsa vi0 saM0 1665 | ke kartA) samayamUrtigaNi (vi0saM0 1701/I0sa0 1645 meM vIrAMgadacaupAI ke pratilipikAra) vAgbhaTAlaMkAraTIkA ke racanAkAra ke rUpa meM kharataragacchIya muni jJAnapramoda kA nAma milatA hai|21 cUMki maMgalakalazarAsa22 ke racanAkAra guNanandana gaNi ne bhI apane guru kA nAma jJAnapramoda hI batalAyA hai ata: vIrAMgadacaupAI kI vi0 saM0 1701 meM likhI gayI prazastigata gurvAvalI meM jaisA ki Upara hama dekha cuke haiM, pratilipikAra ke praguru jJAnapramodagaNi aura vAgbhaTAlaMkAraTIkA ke racanAkAra jJAnapramoda ko samasAmayikatA, nAmasAmya ke AdhAra para eka hI vyakti mAnA jA sakatA hai|

Page #94
kharataragaccha - sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA kA itihAsa : 89 sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA kI pUrvokta tInoM tAlikAoM meM ullikhita munijanoM se jJAnapramodagaNi, guNanandanagaNi, samayamUrtigaNi Adi meM paraspara kyA sambandha thA, yaha jJAta nahIM ho paataa| ThIka yahI bAta vi0 saM0 1681 meM rAmakRSNacaupAI23 ke pratilipikAra paM0 haracandra aura unake guru bhuvana vizAlagaNi tathA vi0saM0 1598 meM ghaDasIsara meM vijayacandrakevalIcaritra ke pratilipikAra manisabhagameru,24 unake guru udayatilaka gaNi tathA praguru zivadevagaNi ke bAre meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| sandarbha: 1. bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA evaM mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, saMpA0 kharataragaccha dIkSA nandI sUcI, prAkRta bhAratI, puSpa 67, jayapura 1990 I0 sa0, pRSTha 23. 2. agaracanda nAhaTA, bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, saMpA0 bIkAnerajaina lekha saMgraha, pariziSTi 'ca' pRSTha 39. 2a.yaha sUcanA maho0 vinayasAgara jI se prApta huI hai, jisake liye lekhaka unakA hRdaya se AbhArI haiN| 3. nAracandrajyotiSasAraTippaNa ke racanAkAra sAgaracandra aura jinarAjasUri ke ziSya sAgaracandra ko agaracanda jI nAhaTA ne eka hI vyakti mAnA hai, parantu paryApta pramANoM ke abhAva meM nAhaTA jI kA ukta mata grAhya pratIta nahIM hotaa| 4. saMvat 1510 varSe zrIkharataragacche zrI sAgaracandrasUrizAkhAyAM vA mahimarAjagaNi tatziSya paM0 dayAsAgaragaNinA likhitA shriipttttne| Muni Punya Vijaya, Ed. New Catalogue of Sanskrit & Prakrit Manuscripts: Jesalmer CollectionL.D. Series No. 36, Ahmedabad - 1972, No. 1452, P. 300. 5. saMvat 1514 varSe mAgha mAse 13 dine zrIkharataragacche zrIsAgaracandrasUri ziSya vA0 mahimarAjagaNi tacchiSya vA0 dayAsAgaragaNinA samalekhi grNtho'yN| Muni Punya Vijaya, Ibid, P-306, No. - 1534. 6. A.P. Shah, Ed. Catalogue of Sanskrit & Prakrit Mss. Muni Shree Punya Vijayajis Collection, Vol. I, L.D. Series No. 2, Ahmedabad 1962, No. 1058, P. 306. 7. zrIvardhamAnajina saM0 2034 varSe vikramasaMvat 1546 varSe zrIkharataragacche zrIsAgaracandrAcAryAnvaye vA0 mahimarAja gaNInAM ziSya vA0 dayAsAgaragaNInAM vi0vA0 jJAnamaMdiragaNInAM samIpe zi0 devatilakena vAcitA kiMcicchodhitA ca zrIjaMgaladeze zrIbIkAnayare shriiluunnkrnnraajye|| Muni Punya Vijaya, pUrvokta, pRSTha 316, prazasti kramAMka 1678.

Page #95
90 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 / julAI-sitambara 2004 devatilaka ne vi0 saM0 1561 meM apane ziSyoM ke paThanArtha praznavyAkaraNasUtra kA saMzodhana kiyA aura vi0 saM0 1566 meM devatilaka ke guru jJAnamaMdiragaNi ne apane ziSya ke paThanArtha sUtrakRtAMgasUtra aura usakI niryukti kI pratilipi kI / Muni Punya Vijaya, vahI, prazasti kramAMka 1678, pR0 316 tathA prazasti kramAMka 1402, pR0 297. 8. sAgaracandrasUri muNivai a mA0 tihAM AcArija sAra, mahimarAja vAcaka hUyA o mA0tasu taNA sIsa vicAra / ||26|| tAsu sIsa guNamaNitila a mA0 dayAsAgara vaNArIsa, muniguNe sahita vAcakavai o mA0 jJAnamaMdira tasU sIsa | ||27|| anukrama guNamaNiAgaru o mA0 zrI devatilaka uvajjhAya, prabhugaNi jANIya a mA0 tasu taNau sIsa sUjAya | // 28 // aMtevAsI tehanau meM mAM hIrakalasa muni sAra, munipati muNivara caupai o mAM0 kIdhI ati suvicAra | ||29|| saMvata sola aTharotare o mAM mAha vadi sAtamI jAMNi, vAra ravi hasta nakSatra siu a mA0 caupai vaDI pramANa| ||30|| gAthA mAna havi bolIi o mA sAtasi upari tetrIsa, munipati munivara caupai a mA0 bhaNatAM mani sujgiis| // 31 // jAM lagaI meru mahIdharu a mA0 jAM lagi dra sasi bhANa, tAM lagi o riSi caupai o mA0 vAparau jaga mAMhi jANi / ||32|| itizrI munipati riSi carIyai o mA0 zrI vIkAnayara majAri, risaha jiNaMda pasAulai o mA0 raciyau cariya udAra / ||33|| mohana lAla dalIcaMda desAI, saMpA, jainagUrjarakavio, dvitIya saMskaraNa, bhAga 2, saMpAdaka - DA0 jayanta koThArI, mumbaI 1987 IsvI, pRSTha 36, kramAMka 940. 9. kusIlauthApaka susIlasaMsthApaka sAgaracaMda sUrirAya vayaNAyarI rayaNakIrati gaNicaMda, zrIsamayabhakta varavAcakA vIra viNeyAnaMda rUpakamAlA zIlanI pabhaNai zrIpuNyanaMdi / mohanalAla dalIcaMda desAI, pUrvokta, bhAga 1, dvitIya saMskaraNa, mumbaI 1986 IsvI, pRSTha 152, kramAMka 229. 10. vahI, bhAga 2, pRSTha 313. 19. vahI, bhAga 2, pRSTha 348.

Page #96
kharataragaccha - sAgaracandrasUrizAkhA kA itihAsa : 91 12. saMvat 1628 varSe ASAr3ha sudi pratipattithau zanivAre puSyanakSatre shriimjjeslmerau| yaadvaanvymukuttmnniraaulshriihriraajvijyraajye| shriibRhtkhrtgcche| zrIjinacaMdrasUrIze vijayini zrImatsAgaracaMdrasUryAcArya zrI mhimraajgnnibNdhuraannN| ziSya vA0 dayAsAgaragaNisiMdhurANAM ziSya jJAnamaMdiragaNidhuraMdharaNAM pravara prAthamakalpikAnalyaguNaratnarohaNAdri zrIzrIdevatilakopAdhyAyapurahUtadaMtAvalAnAM vineyAmeyaguNazrIvijayarAjopAdhyAyadiggajAnAM paM0 padmamaMdiramuni paM0 kanakasAramuni paM0 karmasAramuni paM0 mehAjala ciraMcIvI riNamalla paM0 kisanA pramukhasAraparivAra-parivRttAnAM : zaiSyeNa paM0 kanakasAramuninA zrImaduttarAdhyayana sUtradIpikA lilikhe|| Muni Punyavijaya, pUrvokta, pRSTha 302-303. 13. desAI, jaina gUrjarakavio, bhAga 3, dvitIya saMskaraNa, saMpA0 - DaoN0 jayanta koThArI, pRSTha 110. 14. vahI, bhAga 4, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pRSTha 245. 15. vahI, bhAga 3, pRSTha 150. 16. vahI, bhAga 2, pRSTha 334. 16a. zrIprazastisaMgraha, bhAga 2,, prazasti kramAMka 728, pR0 184. 17. Muni Punya Vijaya, pUrvokta, prazasti kramAMka 2049, pRSTha 349. 18.jainagUrjarakavio, bhAga 2, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pRSTha 325. 19. saMvat 1737 varSe varSe varSARtau --------- // zrIsAgaracaMdrasUrizAkhAyAM paTTAnukrama zrIzrIzrIrAyacaMdragaNivAcaka prasarati yshH| zrIvA0 jayanidhAnagaNiziSya paNDitottama kamalasiMhagaNiziSya zrI vA0 kamalaratnagaNi tadanuzAsanaziSya paM0 nynaanNdmuniptthnhetve|| zubhaM bhvtu|| zrIzrIzrI bhaTTAraka zrIjinanakuzalasUri ttprsaadaallikhitmsti| shriikhrtrgcchiiy||| Muni Punya Vijaya - pUrvokta, prazasti kramAMka 1746, pRSTha 321. 20. desAI jainagUrjarakavio, dvitIya saMskaraNa, bhAga 2, pRSTha 56. 21.mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, maNidhArIjinacandrasari aSTamazatAbdIsmRti grantha, bhAga 2, kharataragacchIya sAhitya sUcI, dillI 1972 I0, pRSTha 36. 22. Vidhatri Vora, Catalogue of Gujarati Mss : Muni Shree Punya Vijaya Ji's Collection, L.D. Series No. 71, Ahmedabad 1978 A.D. P- 614. 23. desAI, jainagurjarakavio, dvitIya saMskaraNa, bhAga 4, pR0 211. 24.amRtalAla maganalAla zAha, saMpA0 zrI prazastisaMgraha, bhAga 2, prazastikramAMka 356, pRSTha 98.

Page #97
Sramana, Vol. 56, No. 7.9 July-September 2004 Jainism As Perceived by Huen-Tsang* Dr. Arun Pratap Singh ** The records of the Chinese pilgrims who visited India for the purpose of knowing Buddha and his tenets are credible source of contemporary India. The first pilgrim whose writings have come down to us was Fa-hian. After him Sung-yun and Huen-tsang came the pious land of Buddha in the first half of the sixth and seventh century A.D. respectively. The last Chinese pilgrim enriching us by his writing was I-tsing who paid a visit in the last decades of the seventh century A.D. Of all them Huen-tsang deserves to be appreciated for his acumen and vide range of knowledge' while other pilgrims confined themselves only to Buddhist religion, Huen-tsang enriched us with the information of prevailing sects and cults of not only Buddhism but others too. In this article I have endeavoured to focus the condition of Jaina religion during the visit of Huen-tsang. India was facing a turmoil period at that time. Imperial Guptas had disintegrated just before his coming and consequently a lot of small kingdoms were in offing. Jainism though slowly but steadily had spread almost all over India till this date but really its golden days had gone out for ever, never to return again as there was none to protect and provide royal facilities like Samprati and Kharavela; it was nevertheless still popular and was followed by a large population as we come to know from the records of Huen-tsang and other contemporary sources. Huen-tsang informs us about the presence of Jaina followers in Kapisha? (Kia-pi-shi) and Simhapur (Sang-ho-pu-lo). According * Paper read at International Seminar on India's Perception Through Chinese Travellers held at Varanasi, Feb. 8-14, 2004. ** Reader, Ancient History Department, S.B.P.G. College, Dadar Ashram, Sikandarpur, Ballia - U.P.

Page #98
93 : Sramana, Vol 56, No. 7-9/July-September 2004 to him, there were naked ascetics in Kapisha. Naked ascetics may be identified with the Digambara Jaina as they used to wander without clothes. One may here raise doubt about this similarity as the followers of some sects like Pasupatas and Kapaladharin as they were also roaming as naked. It is important to note here that Huen-tsang as truth-lover gives no place for doubt; he clearly mentions these different sects wherever he finds them. Like Kapisha, Simhapura also had a lot of Jaina followers specially Svetambaras. It is strange to note that Buddhist pilgrim here regarded them as dishonest separatist from Buddhism. "By the side of the stupa" he writes "is the spot where the original teacher of the white robed heretics arrived at the knowledge of principles he sought and first preached the law......... In their ceremonies and modes of life, do greatly resemble the priest (of Buddha), only they have little twist of hair on their heads and they go naked. Moreover what clothes they chance to wear are white. Such are the slight differences which distinguish them from others. The figure of their sacred master they stealthily class with that of Tathagata; it differs only in point of clothing, the points of beauty are absolutely the same." Huen-tsang here seems to be bewildered seeing the similarity between the images of Jinas and Buddhists. The statues of both religious are alike except the Jina images are naked. Probably he for the first time came into the contact of Jina images who looked like Buddhist images. As he was familiar only to Buddhist images, he could not make the difference. So far the identification of the cities of Kapisha and Simhapura are concerned, it is a question of debate. In his famous book Ancient Geography of India. Gen. Cunningham has identified it with Opian in Afaghanistan, while according to some, it was situated "on the declivity of the Hindukush, not far from the little town of Ghorband or perhaps near Kushan, 10 miles west of Opian." The situation of Simhapura is also doubtful: Gen. Cunningham has identified it with modern Ketas in the salt range of modern Pakistan. While some scholars prefer to place it at Simhupuri near Saranatha, Varanasi.

Page #99
94 Jainism As Perceived by Huen-Tsang But it is really difficult to place it near Varanasi as the pilgrim has described this city between Taksasila (Ta-Cha-Shi-Lo) and Urasha (Wu-la-shi), identified with modern Hazara district of Pakistan. It was therefore undoubtedly situated in North-Western India, not in the plain field of river Ganga. Besides, there are archaeological reports which indicate the presence of Jaina remains. In one of his reports, Prof. Stein clearly states that the Jaina sculptures of Simhapur are of better execution than those of Ellora.' It is remarkable to note here that Varangacrita, a text written in the seventh century A.D. just contemporary to Huen-tsang, informs us about the popularity of Jaina religion at Simhapur while describing the travelling route of prince Varanga. Huen-Tsang does not mention the Jaina presence in Taksasila, nevertheless it has been a great Jaina centre from early periods. Literary as well as archaeological both sources provide us ample information regarding this. Avasyaka Niryukti and Curni associate this place with king Bahubali who had reigned here. He was the son of first Tirthankara Rsabhadeva and younger brother of Cakravarti Bharata. It is stated that Bahubali had installed a jeweled Dharmacakra on the foot-prints left by Rsabha at this place. It has been identified with the ruins near Shah-Dheri between Attock and Rawalpindi in Pakistan." In archaeological excavations, Sir John Marshall has found the remains related to Jaina religion. According to him, Taxila must have been adorned by a vast number of Jaina edifices, some of which were no doubt of considerable magnificence." It is to be noted here that even in the beginning of the fourteenth century A.D., Ac. Jinaprabha in his Vividhatirthakalpa mentions it as a Jaina holy place which was associated with Bahubali." Then, Huen-tsang enters into the plain field of Ganga-Yamuna and finds a number of Jaina followers in various cities of that time like Varanasi3 (Po-Lo-Ni-sse), Vaisalil4 (Fei-she-li), Magadha 5 (Mo-Kie-t'o), Rajagrhato (Ho-La-Shi-Ki-Li-hi), Pundravardhana!? (Pun-Na-Fa-Tan-Na), Samatata18 (San-Mo-Ta-cha) and in Kalinga! (Kie-Ling-Kia). Almost all cities referred to by him were the Jaina

Page #100
Sramana, Vol 56, No. 7-9/July-September 2004 95 holy places. For example, Varanasi like Hinduism and Buddhism was the sacred place of the Jaina followers. It is regarded to be the birth place of four Tirthankaras namely - Suparsvanatha, (the seventh Tirthankara); Candraprabha (the eighth Tirthankara - at Candravati near Varanasi); Sreyamsanatha (the eleventh Tirthankara) and Parsvanatha (the twenty-third Tirthankara), Similarly, Vaisali, Magadha and Rajaglha were known centres of Jainism. Magadha comprising with Rajagsha was the great centre of Jaina followers. Mount Vipula was the most auspicious place associated with several Siddhas, Cakravartis who attained emancipation here. Describing the daily activities of Jaina monks on this mountain, Huen-Tsang states, "at the present time naked heretics (Nigranthas-Ni-Kin) frequent this place in great number, they practise penance night and day without intermission and from morn till night walk round the Stupa and contemplate it with respect."20 It clearly indicates that Jainism was much popular in the heartland of India. Literary and epigraphical records throw light on it. The illustrious Banabhatta, the contemporary of Huen-tsang and also close to king Harsa, informs about the presence of Jaina followers in the upper land of India. He has referred to them describing the serene atmosphere of the hermitage of sage Divakaramitra. Among the various types of Jaina monks - Arhats, Svetapatas and Kesaluncanas have been mentioned. Svetapatas were clearly the Svetambaras and Kesaluncana were the Digambara Jainas. Arhats seem to be those monks wandering naked like Digambaras or Saivas. It is to be noted here that Banabhatta calls some Buddhist monks as Jinas in the Harsacarita. 21 Huen-tsang's silence on the presence of Jaina followers in Mathura is really amazing and needs verification. This city has been a great Jaina centre of Jainism since the early centuries of the christian era. A number of big and small inscriptions have been discovered from here which prove the popularity of Jainism before and after the coming of the Huen-tsang. He, however, names the Deva-stupa but says nothing about the Nirgranthas (Ni-Kin). While Deva Stupa was

Page #101
Jainism As Perceived by Huen-Tsang : 96 related to Jaina religion from earliest times upto fourteenth century A.D. in the period of Acarya Jinaprabhasuri as he records it in his Vividhatirthakalpa.22 "If one analyses the travel account of Huentsang, it would be presumed that there is some confusion; and in place of Mathura, some other town was described. The Yamuna river which is the chief feature of area finds no mention ......... The distance and measurements of the places do not seem to be correct. It appears that he bypassed Mathura and maintained the record on the basis of his personal enquiry.":23 Bengal and Orissa have been the strong-hold of Jainism from the early centuries. The Kalpasutra Theravali24 mentions the four branches of Godasagana, a line originating from preceptor Godasa namely - Tamraliptika, Kotivarsika, Pundravardanika and Dasikharabatika. The first three sakhas were closely associated with the land of Bengal. Just before the coming of the travellor, the Paharapur copper plates 25 of A.D. 478 records the donation of some land for the maintenance of worship at the Jaina Vihara at Vata Gohali, which was presided over by the pupils of the Nirgrantha teacher Guhanandina of the Pancastupanikaya of Varanasi. It indicates the general acceptance of Jainism and its popularity among the middle classes. Even after the departure of Huen-tsang. Jainism continued to be popular in these areas. We have some epigraphical records belonging to this period. An inscription of Sailodbhava dynasty, belonging to the later half of the seventh century A.D. refers to some Jaina monks as Prabuddhacandra and his preceptor. Another inscription belonging to the same period has been discovered from Ratnagiri hills situated in Cuttak district of Orissa. It gives the information about the installation of Jaina images and the existence of early Jaina establishment on these hills.26 The Chinese traveller visited south India and there, too, he finds the presence of Jaina followers. He states that the Nirgranthas were in abundance in the country of Cola? (Chu-li-ye) and Malakuta (Mo-lo-kin-cha)28 It seems that both cities were situated near modern Kanjieevaram. Some scholars are of the opinion that Huen-tsang did not go farther south than Kancipura or Kanjeevaram.29

Page #102
97 : sramana, Vol 56, No. 7-9/July-September 2004 It is clear that Jainism in south India, was in a good condition during the time of Chinese pilgrim. It we believe on Simhal texts Dipavarsa and Mahavarsa, the inhabitants of South India were quite familiar with the tenets of Jaina religion. The Sangama text like Silappadikarama and Buddhist epic Manimekhalai already mention the presence of Jaina religion in remote part of south India. During the time of Huen-tsang, Calukyas under the leadership of Pulakesina II were ruling over a larze part of south India. We come to know from his famous Aihol inscription that Jaina followers were respected and honoured. The poet Ravikirti who is credited to have composed this inscription was a devout Jaina. He was probably associated with the Yapaniya sect of Jainism. This inscription opens with the invocation of Jina. like Calukyas almost all the dynasties flourished during this period were tolerant and had soft-corner for Jaina religion. The kings of Kadamba and Ganga dynasties were foremost in this pious cause. They created an amicable atmosphere in which Jainism could flourish in the coming centuries.30 To sum up, during the visit of Huen-tsang in the first half of the seventh century A.D. Jainism was prevalent more or less from North-West to Bay of Bengal and even in the south India. From the accounts of Huen-tsang and other contemporary sources, we come to this conclusion that Jainism was loosing its base in northern India while it was in a flourishing condition in western and southern India. References : 1. Beal, Samual, Si-yu-ki, Buddhist Records of the Western world, reprint, Delhi-1981 (Motilal Banarasidas); Part I, P. 3-4. 2. Ibid, P. 55. 3. Ibid, P. 143. 4. Ibid, P. 144-45. 5. Ibid, P. 55-56, Fn. 198. 6. Ibid, P, 143, Fn. 69. 7. Vienna Oriental Journal, P. 80 (referred to in A Comprehensive History of Jainism, A.K. Chatterjee) Vol. I, P. 98.

Page #103
Jainism As Perceived by Huen-Tsang 8. Varangacarita (Ed. A.N. Upadhye), P. 27. 9. Avasyaka Niryukti (Vijayanandsuri Jaina series, Surat, 1939), Verse-322; Avasyaka Curri (Rishabhdeo Keshrimal, Ratlam 1928), Vol. I, P. 180. 10. Cunningham A., Ancient Geography of India (London, 1871); Page 104-5. 11. Archaeological Survey of India, Annual Report 1914-15, P. 2. 12. A Comprehensive History of Jainism, Vol. I, P. 97. 13. Si-yu-ki, Buddhist Records of the Western World, Part II, P. 45. 14. Ibid, P. 66. 15. Ibid, P. 158. 16. Ibid, P. 168. 17. Ibid, P. 195. 18. Ibid, P. 199. 19. Ibid, P. 208. 20. Ibid, P. 158. 21. Agrawal, V.S., Harsacarita - Ek Samskritika Addhyayana, (Bihar Rashtrabhasa Parishad, Patna, 1953) P. 191. 22. Bajpayee, K.D. Early Inscriptions of Mathura (Punthi Pustaka, Calcutta, 1980), P. 104-6. 23. Sharma, R.C., "Chinese Travellers on Mathura", (Paper presented at International Seminar on India's Perception Through Chinese Travellers held at Varanasi, (Feb. 8-14, 2004) P. 5 24. Kalpasutra (Theravali) 7, Kalpasutra vstti (Jain Atmanand Sabha, Bhavanagar) P. 255. 25. Ep. Ind. Vol. XX, P. 61. 26. Ibid, Vol. XXIX, P. 38. 27. Si-yu-ki, Part II, P. 227 28. Ibid, P. 231. 29. Ibid, P. 230, Fn. 123. 30. A Comprehensive History of Jainism, Vol. I, P. 118-28.

Page #104
zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 julAI-sitambara 2004 vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM pUjya munizrI pIyUSasAgara jI ThANA 4 adhyayanArtha vidyApITha meM kharataragacchIya pUjya munirAja zrI pIyUSasAgara jI ma0sA0, pUjyazrIsamyak * ratnasAgarajI ma0sA0, pUjya zrI mahendrasAgarajI evaM pUjya zrI manISasAgarajI mahArAja adhyanArtha pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM virAjita haiN| isI uddezya se hI unhoMne varSa 2004 kA apanA varSAvAsa yahAM sunizcita kiyaa| sabhI munijanoM kA yahAM sucAru rUpa se adhyayana evaM svAdhyAya cala rahA hai aura ve sukha- sAtA ke sAtha ke virAjamAna haiN| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM svataMtratA divasa samAroha sampanna svataMtratA divasa ke avasara para pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM dhvajArohaNa kA kAryakrama Ayojita kiyA gyaa| isa avasara para ve 0 mUrtipUjaka samAja, vArANasI ke agragaNya zrAvaka zrI dhanapatarAja jI bhaMsAlI mukhya atithi ke rUpa meM upasthita the| kAryakrama kA prArambha mukhya atithi dvArA rASTrIya dhvajArohaNa aura sAmUhika rASTragAna se huaa| isa avasara para bolate hue pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke nidezaka pro0 mahezvarI prasAda jI ne svataMtratA divasa ke aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi aura usake mahattva kI vistRta carcA karate hue Agantuka atithiyoM ko pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI gatividhiyoM se avagata karAyA aura bhAvI kAryakramoM kI jAnakArI dii| apane udbodhana meM mukhya atithi zrI bhaMsAlI jIne svataMtratA divasa ke mahattva kI carcA ke sAtha hI vidyApITha dvArA prakAzita hone vAle eka grantha ke sampUrNa vyaya ko vahana karane kI ghoSaNA kI jisakA upasthita janoM ne harSollAsa ke sAtha svAgata kiyaa| isa avasara para upasthita anya vaktAoM ne bhI apane vicAra vyakta kiye| pro0 0 esa0 kromavela krAphorDa pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM havAI vizvavidyAlaya honelUlU (uttarI amerikA) meM jaina vidyA ke pro0 esa0 kromavela krAphorDa bhArata varSa kI pramukha jaina saMsthAoM ke daure para disambara 2004 ke aMtima saptAha meM padhAra rahe haiN| apane bhArata pravAsa ke daurAna ve dillI, jayapura, indaura, bhopAla aura vArANasI kI jaina saMsthAoM meM jaina vidyA ke vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM vahAM ke zikSakoM tathA padAdhikAriyoM se vicAra-vimarza kreNge| apane vArANasI pravAsa meM pro0 krAphorDa 2 dina pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM rukeNge| ve havAI vizvavidyAlaya aura

Page #105
100 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara 2004 bhAratIya jaina saMsthAoM meM jaina vidyA ke adhyetAoM evaM vidvAnoM ke pArasparika AdAnapradAna kI sambhAvanAoM kA bhI patA lgaayeNge| pro0 krAphorDa kI prAyogika jaina vidyA para vizeSa ruci hai| pUrva nirdhArita kAryakrama ke anusAra havAI vizvavidyAlaya ke 4 chAtra evaM 2 adhyApaka jUna 2005 meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM adhyayana hetu pdhaareNge| isase bhAratIya jaina saMsthAoM ke chAtroM aura adhyApakoM ke bhI havAI vizvavidyAlaya jAne kA mArgaprazasta hogaa| jaina vidyA ke vikAsa ke saMdarbha meM yaha prayAsa nizcaya hI stutya hai| pANDulipiyoM ke rakha-rakhAva evaM prArambhika upacAra para kAryazAlA kA Ayojana pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, rASTrIya pANDulipi mizana, naI dillI evaM bhAratIya saMrakSaNa saMsthAna pariSada, lakhanaU ke saMyukta tattvAvadhAna meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI meM pANDulipiyoM ke rakha-rakhAva evaM prArambhika upacAra para tIna divasIya kAryazAlA kA Ayojana kiyA jA rahA hai| yaha kAryazAlA 17-19 pharavarI, 2005 ko Ayojita kI jA rahI hai| isameM bhAga lene ke icchuka vyakti nidezaka, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha se samparka kreN| DaoN0 vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA ko bhAratIya dArzanika anusaMdhAna pariSada kI sIniyara phelozipa prApta pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke pUrva zodha chAtra evaM mahAtmA gAMdhI kAzI vidyApITha meM darzana vibhAga ke pUrva upAcArya DaoN0 vaziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA ko bhAratIya dArzanika anusaMdhAna pariSada kI sIniyara phelozipa pradAna kI gayI hai| isake antargata DaoN0 sinhA "vizva ke dharma aura unakI tAttvika ekatA" nAmaka viSaya para zodha kArya kreNge| jJAtavya hai ki unheM yaha phelozipa pichale agasta mAha se pradAna kI gayI hai| *

Page #106
jaina jagat prophesara bhAgacandra jaina rASTrapati puraskAra se sammAnita prophesara bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' ko 15 agasta ke dina "rASTrapati puraskAra" se sammAnita kiyA gayA / yaha gauravazAlI puraskAra unake dvArA pAli- prAkRta bhASA meM kiye gaye mahattvapUrNa avadAna ke liye diyA gyaa| zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 julAI-sitambara 2004 DaoN0 jaina ne nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya meM pAli- prAkRta vibhAgAdhyakSa pada para eka lambe arse taka apanI sevAyeM dii| sAtha hI rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura tathA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI meM bhI jainadarzana ke prophesara evaM nidezaka ke rUpa meM kAryabhAra sNbhaalaa| samprati ve rASTrIya prAkRta zodha saMsthAna, zravaNabelagolA, maisUra vizvavidyAlaya meM saMyukta nidezaka ke rUpa meM apanI sevAyeM samarpita kara rahe haiN| pro0 jaina ke abhI taka 40 zodha grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| isa sarvocca garimAmaya puraskAra ke pUrva Apa vibhinna puraskAroM se puraskRta kiye jA cuke haiN| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha parivAra apane pUrva nidezaka kI isa gauravamaya upalabdhi para unakA hArdika abhinandana karatA hai| DaoN0 bhArilla sAdhanA cainala para jypur| jainAgama ke adhyetA aura tattvavettA DaoN0 hukamacandajI bhArilla ke ahiMsA, zAkAhAra, zrAvakadharma, bArahavrata, gyAraha pratimAe~, SaT Avazyaka, vairAgyavardhaka bArahabhAvanAe~, anekAnta - syAdvAda, vastuvyavasthA tathA AtmA-paramAtmA jaise gambhIra viSayoM para mArmika pravacana sAdhanA cainala para niyamita rUpa se 10 sitambara se rAtri 10 soma se zani tathA ravivAra ko aparAnha 2.30 para prasArita hone lage haiN| adhyAtma bandhu apane samaya kA sadupayoga karate hue isakA lAbha uThA sakate haiN| premI haridvAra meM paryuSaNa parva kI anupama prabhAvanA zrI ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha jaina zvetAmbara tIrtha, haridvAra meM zrImad vijayajayanta sena sUrizvarajI ma0sA0 AjJAnuvartinI paramapUjyA sva 0 sAdhvI zrI mahAprabhA zrIjI ma0sA0 kI suziSyA sAdhvI DaoN0 priyadarzanA zrIjI evaM sAdhvI DaoN0 sudarzanA zrIjI ma0sA0

Page #107
102 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9/julAI-sitambara kI nizrA meM isa varSa mahAparva "paryuSaNa' bar3e ullAsapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM evaM dharma sAdhanAtapasyA ke sAtha manAyA gyaa| paryuSaNa ke pUre ATha dinoM taka dainika pUjA ke atirikta rAta ko mandirajI meM jinezvara bhagavAn kI saMgItamaya bhakti evaM AratI kA lAbha aneka bhaktoM evaM darzanArthiyoM ne liyaa| - smRti zeSa zrImatI amarAva devI kAMkariyA svargastha kolakAtA 8 julAI svargIya phUsarAja jI kAMkariyA kI patnI zrImatI amarAva devI kAMkariyA kA 6 julAI 2004 ko 96 varSa kI avasthA meM kolakAtA meM nidhana ho gyaa| Apa atyanta dharmaniSTha mahilA thiiN| apane lambe jIvanakAla meM Apa na kevala vibhinna dhArmika kriyAkalApoM meM saMlagna rahIM balki Apane aneka sAmAjika kArya bhI kraaye| ApakI smRti meM Apake parijanoM kI ora se 1100/- rupaye pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI zodha patrikA zramaNa ko bheMTa svarUpa pradAna kiyA gyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI ora se zrImatI kAMkariyA ko hArdika shrddhaaNjli| zrImatI dayAbahana divaMgata suprasiddha sarvodayI vicAraka aura pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke pUrva vyavasthApaka sva0 zAMtilAla vanamAlIdAsa seTha kI dharmapatnI zrImatI dayAbahana seTha kA 87 varSa kI Ayu meM 10 sitambara 2004 ko baiMgalora meM nidhana ko gyaa| Apa apane pIche bharA pUrA parivAra chor3a gaI haiN| Apake putra zrI harSavardhana evaM zrI dIpaka bhAI suvikhyAta samAjasevI haiN| dIpaka bhAI ne do varSa pUrva baiMgalora meM dayAzAnti cairiTebala meDikala eNDa DeNTala klInika kI bhI sthApanA kI hai, jisameM marIjoM ko ni:zulka elopaithika cikitsA suvidhA pradAna kI jAtI hai| vidyApITha parivAra kI ora se dayAbahana ko hArdika shrddhaaNjli|

Page #108
sAhitya satkAra kaise pAe~ mana kI zAnti; lekhaka - zrI candraprabha; prakA0 jitayazA phAuNDezana, 8 bI - 7, anukampA dvitIya, ema0AI0 roDa, jayapura, rAjasthAna; saMskaraNa - 2004, AkAra - DimAI, pRSTha - 99; mUlya - 15 zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 julAI-sitambara 2004 manuSya ke mana kI taraMga ko zAnta karane kA eka saphala prayAsa hai zrI candraprabha racita "kaise pAe~ mana kI zAnti" nAmaka yaha choTI sI pustaka / 'gAgara meM sAgara' kI ukti ko caritArtha karate hue candraprabhajI ne vaha saba kucha isameM rakhA hai jo anyatra durlabha hai| zabdoM kI sahajatA, AtmasAt karane yogya bhASA-zailI, spaSTa vicAra ye saba isa pustaka kI vizeSatA hai jise pAThaka svayaM hI anubhava kreNge| cintA chor3eM sukha se jIe~, krodha se bacane ke sarala upAya, tanAva mukti kA manovijJAna, kaise badaleM apanI AdateM, majabUta kIjie antarmana, dila meM jalAe~ prema kI rozanI, kaise pAe~ mana kI zAnti, hara hAla meM masta raheM Adi zIrSakoM ke mAdhyama se lekhaka cintA, krodha, tanAva, duHkha, Adi se nivRtti pAne evaM svayaM meM Atmabala vikasita karane ke lie prerita kiyA hai| ucita dRSTAMta ke mAdhyama se sAre pATha - rocaka bana par3e haiM / anta meM maiM yahI kahanA cAhU~gA ki jisake lie hama sabhI vyAkula rahate haiM, jisako pAne kI hArdika icchA sabhI ko rahatI hai, vaha hai 'mana kI zAnti' - jo sahaja hI isa pustaka meM upalabdha hai| DaoN0 rAghavendra pANDeya saMskAra sAgara; pradhAna sampAdaka - bra0 jineza malaiyA, prakA0 - diga0 jaina yuvaka saMgha, prApti sthAna- saMskAra sAgara, zrI diga0 jaina paMca bAlayati maMdira, satyama gaisa ke sAmane, e0 bI0 roDa, indaura - 10, saMskaraNa julAI 2004, AkAraDimAI, pRSTha- 80, mUlya - 25 rupye| saMskAra sAgara digambara samAja kI mAsika patrikAoM meM se eka hai| ise AdyopAnta par3hane kA suavasara prApta huaa| yaha choTI sI patrikA utkRSTa koTi kI hai jisameM eka hI jagaha lekha, kavitA, yoga kairiyara sambandhI, deza-videza kI pramukha ghaTanAoM kA saMgraha, prAkRta zikSA Adi kA anUThA saMgraha hai| sAtha hI zrI vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja evaM unake ziSyoM ke varSa 2004 kA caturmAsa vivaraNa evaM bhArata ke digambara jaina tIrtha evaM unake phona nambara die gae haiN| hAsya taraMga, jJAnavardhaka stambha evaM saMkSipta dainika paMcAga bhI patrikA meM upalabdha hai| yaha patrikA niyamita paThana-pAThana ke yogya hai|

Page #109
104 : zramaNa, varSa 56, aMka 7-9 / julAI-sitambara 2004 bhakti - saMgIta samayasAra, lekhaka - rAmajIta jaina (eDavokeTa), pustaka prApti sthAna - paM0 jJAnacandra jaina, sAhitya bikrI kendra, sonAgiri, jilA- datiyA, pradeza, saMskaraNa - prathama 2004 IsvI, AkAra - DimAI, pRSTha 43, mUlya- 21 rupaye / madhya rAmajIta jaina eDavokeTa dvArA saMkalita bhakti- saMgIta samayasAra mAnava jIvana bhakti evaM saMgIta ke mahattva ko darzAtA hai| saMgIta bhI bhakti kA eka sazakta mAdhyama hai| svayaM ko apane iSTa ke prati pUrNarUpeNa arpita karanA hI bhakti hai aura saMgIta usa arpaNa kI abhivyakti kA eka sazakta mAdhyama / prastuta kRti meM bhakti, bhaktibhAva kI vaijJAnikatA, jinendra bhakti, pUjA evaM saMgIta zIrSaka se lekhaka ne jIvana meM bhakti aura saMgIta ke mahattva ko dikhAne kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai / yatra-tatra praznottara ke mAdhyama prakAza DAlA gayA hai| bhakti kI sAmAjika, AdhyAtmika evaM vaijJAnika vivecanA ke sAtha hI saMgIta kA bhI vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| nizcaya hI yaha choTI sI pustaka sudhI pAThakoM ke lie upayogI hogii| AbU tIrthoddhAraka daNDanAyaka maMtrIzvara vimala, lekhaka - zrImad vijaya pUrNacandra sUrIzvara jI ma0, anu0 - siMghI manoharalAla kesarImala, prakA0 paMcaprasthAna puNya smRti prakAzana, sumaMgalam kAryAlaya, 10 / 3268-e, kAjI kA maidAna, gopIpurA, sUrata 395002, saMskaraNa prathama 2004, AkAra - DimAI, pRSTha10+236, mUlya 100/ - AbUtIrthoddhAraka daNDanAyaka maMtrIzvara vimala AcArya pUrNacandrasUrIzvara dvArA likhita gujarAtI upanyAsa kA hindI anuvAda hai / yaha eka aitihAsika upanyAsa hai jo maMtrIzvara vimala evaM unake kAryoM para kendrita hai / prAyaH yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki jo ucca koTi ke vyakti hote haiM ve apane nAma kI apekSA apane kAryoM para adhika dhyAna dete haiN| maMtrIzvara vimala bhI inhI meM se eka the| AbU parvata para nirmita maMdira jo 'vimalavasahI' nAma se prasiddha hai, zilpa kalA kA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai| mUla gujarAtI pustaka kA siMghI manoharalAla kesarImala ne sundara anuvAda kiyA hai| pustaka kI bhASAzailI sarala evaM sahaja hI AtmasAt hone yogya hai / pustaka meM kula 26 zIrSaka haiM jo ghaTanAoM ke sAtha tAratamya banAe hue haiN| ye haiM kathA praveza, vanarAja kA vanavAsa, gurjara rASTra kA nirmAtA, sAmrAjya kA sAkAra hotA svapna, pratApI pUrvajoM kI puNya paramparA, IrSyA kI agni, viSama belA kI vidAI, punarAgamana ke pada cihnoM para, vimala kI vIratA : jaisA pAnI taisI vANI, daMDa ke badale daNDanAyaka kA pada, zakti triveNI kA avataraNa, paristhitiyoM kA paryAvalokana, vijIgiSA ke sAmane vidvattA kI vijaya, vijaya kI bAta : parAjaya ke pratyAghAta, dhArA ke manasUbe dhUla-dhUsarita hue, vijaya ke patha para saMgrAma savArI, mana kI murAda miTTI meM milI, gujarAta kI gaurava rakSA, buddhiryasya bala tasya tuphAna ko khIMcane vAlI zAMti, rAjA mitraM kena dRSTaM zrutaM vA,

Page #110
sAhitya satkAra : 105 bhAgya DUbA yA saubhAgya jAgA? vArisa kI vedI para Arasa kI ArAdhanA, devanagarI ke nirmANa ke lie, nAma se bar3A kAma, vimalavasahI to vimalavasahI hI hai| isake sAtha hI pariziSTa- 1 meM AbU tIrtha kA aMtima jIrNoddhAra aura pariziSTa - 2 meM maMtrI vimala viSayaka aprakaTa prazasti aitihAsika jJAna se paripUrNa hai| uparyukta sAre AlekhoM meM anuvAdaka ne bhASA-zailI kA pUrNa dhyAna rakhA hai jisase yaha pustaka anuvAda hote hue bhI mUla upanyAsa jaisA hI pratIta hotA hai| sudhI pAThaka ise eka bAra avazya par3heM aisA hamArA Agraha hai| tattvArthAdhigamasUtra (paMcama adhyAya vivecana); umAsvAti viracita, siddhasenagaNi viracita TIkA kA gujarAtI anuvAda, vivaraNakAra - AcArya vikramasUrIzvara jI, sampA0 jitendra bI0 zAha, prakA0 zrutanidhi, zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejyukezanala risarca senTara, 'darzana' zAhIbAga, ahamadAbAda - 380004, AkAra - raoNyala, pRSTha - 8+596, mUlya - 350/ umAsvAtiviracita tattvArthAdhigamasUtra jaina darzana kI amara kRti hai| yaha eka aisA gantha hai jisameM tattva, jJAna, AcAra, karma, mokSa Adi samasta mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA vivecana milatA hai| isa grantha para jitanI TIkAe~ likhI gaI haiM utanI zAyada hI kisI anya grantha kI likhI gaI hoN| prastuta grantha tattvArthasatra para siddhasenagaNi dvArA kI gaI TIkA kA gujarAtI anuvAda hai| isameM sirpha paMcama adhyAya kA vivecana hai| spaSTa hai 600 pRSThoM meM sirpha eka adhyAya para likhI gaI TIkA meM zAyada hI koI pakSa achUtA ho| kahanA hogA ki isa grantha meM ajIva tattva kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isameM ajIva ke bheda, dravya aura usakA sAdharmya-vaidharmya, pradezoM kI saMkhyA, dravyoM kA sthitikSetra, kArya dvArA dharma-adharma aura AkAza ke lakSaNa, kArya dvArA pudgala kA lakSaNa, kArya dvArA jIva kA lakSaNa, kArya dvArA kAla kA lakSaNa, padgala ke paryAya, sat kI vyAkhyA, nitya kA svarUpa, anekAnta rUpa kA samarthana, bandha kI vivecanA, dravya kA lakSaNa, guNa kA svarUpa evaM pariNAma ke svarUpa kI vizad vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| vivaraNakAra vikramasUrIzvara jI ma0 sA0 ne gujarAtI anuvAda meM mUla bhAvArtha kA pUrA dhyAna diyA hai| gujarAtI bhASI pAThakoM ke lie yaha grantha atyanta hI upayogI hai| sahaja evaM sarala bhASA zailI pAThaka ko bAra-bAra grantha ko par3hane ke lie prerita karatI hai| AzA hai pAThaka isa grantha ko eka bAra avazya pddh'eNge| - DaoN0 rAghavendra pANDeya

Page #111

Page #112
zrImaddhanezvarasUriviracitaM sarasaMdarIcariaM (dvitIya pariccheda) munizrI vizrutayazavijayakRta saMskRta chAyA, gujarAtI aura hindI . anuvAda sahita pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI 2004

Page #113
zrImaddhanezvaramunIzvaraviracitaM surasuMdarIcariaM dvitIya pariccheda gAhA: aha anna-vAsarammI kameNa bahu-voliyAe aDavIe / gahiya jalAsayamegaM aha so AvAsio sattho / / 1 / / saMskRta chAyA : athAnya-vAsare krameNa bahutikrAntAyAmaTavyAm / gRhIta-jalAzayamekaM atha sa AvAsitaH sArthaH // 1 // gujarAtI artha : have A bAju koI tIjA divase kramathI jatAM ghaj-kharaM jaMgala oLaMgAechate AvelA eka sarovara pAse te sArthe AvAsa karyo (rokaayo)|| hindI anuvAda :- krama se Age bar3hate hue jaMgala vyatIta hone para eka sarovara ke pAsa usa sArtha ne apanA par3Ava ddaalaa| gAhA: aha tammi sattha-loe usmaddiya-sayala-vasaha-niyarammi / jala-iMdhaNAi-aTThA io tao . pariyaDaMtammi / / 2 / / pamukkesuM disi disi caraNatthaM savva-vasaha-mahisesu / / pAraddhesu ya takkAlamuciya-kiccesu loeNa / / 3 / / nAUNa paNihi-vasao bhoyaNa-kajjammi AulaM satthaM / satthammi tammi paDiyA jhaDitti bhillANa dhADitti // 4 / / chAyA: atha tasmin sArtha-loke bhArAkAnta-sakala-vRSabha-nikare / jala-iMdhanAhArtha-mitastataH paryaTati / / 2 / / pramukteSu dizi dizi caraNArthaM sarva-vRSabhamahiSeSu / prArabdheSu ca tatkAlamucita - kRtyeSu lokena // 3 // jJAtvA praNidhi-vazataH bhojana-kArye Akula-sArtham / sAthe tasmin patitA jhaTiti bhillAnAM ghATIti // 4 // artha :- ive bhArathI bharelA badhA baLadonA samUhavALA te sArthanA loko pANI tathA baLataNa mATe aMhi taMhi bhamate chate, caravA mATe pota potAnA baLado ane bhaiMsone judI-judI dizAomA mUke chate te te kAlane ucita kAryamAM lokojor3Aye chate, yotAnA guptacaro pAsethI bhojana-kAryamA AkuLa sArthane jANIne jaldIthI bhillonI ghAr3I te sArthamAM AvI par3I. hindI anuvAda :- bhAra se AkrAnta bailoM ke samUlavAle usa sArtha ke loga pAnI evaM Indhana hetu

Page #114
idhara-udhara ghUmate the, tathA baila evaM bhaiMsoM ko bhinna-bhinna dizAoM meM carane ke lie chor3I thI aura sArtha ke sabhI janoM dvArA samayocita apane-apane kAryoM meM vyasta hone para apane guptacaroM se bhojana-kArya meM Akulita sArtha ko jAnakara bhIloM kI eka TolI usa sArtha para A pdd'ii| gAhA :- aviy| java-mugga-vanna-aDDaNa-Dhakkiya-AjANu-bhIsaNa-sarIrA / masi-rAsI ida kAlA kuviya-kayaMtovva duppicchA / / 5 / / khara-bIbhaccha-sarIrA palAsa-pattehiM vihiy-sehryaa| guMjA-phala-rattacchA ubhaM-khara-kesa-pabbhArA / / 6 / / saMnaddha baddha-kavayA paTThi-paesA-'vaNaddha-toNIrA / kannAyaDhiya-dhaNuha-paTTha-dIsaMta-bhalloDA // 7 // kevi asi-vagga-hatthA kevi hu kara-gahiya-lauDayA avare / guMphaNa-pheraNa-saMkAraehiM jIyaM va avaNetA / / 8 / / ghiTThA nidara-hiyayA diso disiM 'mAri mAri' bhaNamANA / annAyA eva kuovi + jjhatti bhillA samAvaDiyA / / 9 / / chAyA :nava-mudgaga varNAhanAcchAditAjAnu-bhISaNa-zarIrA / masi-rAzi-riva kAlAH kupita-kRtAnta iva duSprekSyAH // 5 // khara-bIbhatsa-zarIrAH palAza-patra vihita-zekharatA / gujA-phala-raktAkSA Urdhva-khara-keza-prAgbhArAH // 6 // saMnaddha-SaSTha-kavacAH pRSTha-pradezAvanaddha-tUNIrAH / karNAkRSTa-dhanuH-pRSTha-dRzyamAna-ziro'grabhAgAH // 7 // ke'pi asi-varga-hastAH ke'pi khalu kara-gRhIta lakuTakA apare / gumphaNa-bhramaNa-suMkArakaH jIvitamivApanayantaH // 8 // ghRSTA niSThura-hRdayA dizodizaM 'mArayata mArAyata' bhaNantaH / ajJAtA eva kuto'pi jhaTiti bhillAH samApatitAH // 9 // artha :- navA maganA raMga jevA carmathI DhaMkAyelA ghuTaNa sudhInA bhayaMkara zarIravALA, masinA samUha jevA kALA gusse thayelA yamarAja jevA joi na zakAya tevA, kharabacaDA ane bibhatsa zarIravALA, palAzanA pAMdaDAnI dhAraNakarelI mALA vALA, guMjAnA phala jevI lAla A~khavALA, ubhA rUkSa vALanA samUhavALA, sArI rIte taiyArathayelA baddha kavacavALA, pITha upara khakhelA bhAthA vALA, kAnasudhI kheMcAyelA dhanuSyanA pAchaLa dekhAtA bANanA agra bhAgavALA, vaLI keTalAka talavAranA samUha yukta hAthavALA, keTalAka hAthamAM grahaNa karelI lAkaDIvALA, keTalAka patthara pheMkavAnA astra vizeSa ghUmAvIne avyakta avAja dvArA lokonA prANano nAza karatAM, nirlajja-niSThura hRdayavALA daze dizAmAM mAro-mAro bolatAM khabara na par3e tema kyAMkathI jhapATA baMdha bhillo AvI paDyA.

Page #115
hindI anuvAda :- nUtana mUMga ke raMga jaise carma se ghuTane taka AcchAdita, bhayaMkara zarIravAle, masi ke samUha jaise kAle, krodhita yamarAja jaise, dikhane meM bhayaMkara, karkaza aura vIbhatsa zarIravAle, palAza ke parNa kI mAlA ko dhAraNa kie hue, [jAphala jaisI lAla A~kha vAle, rUkSa bAloM ke samUhavAle, acchI taraha se kavaca ko dhAraNa kiye hue, pITha para sthApita kie bhAthevAle, kAna taka AkRSTa dhanuSa ke pIche dIkhate bANa ke agra bhAgavAle, aneka talavAroM se yukta, hAtha meM gRhIta lakar3IvAle, kitane loga patthara pheMkane ke astra vizeSa ko ghumAkara avyakta AvAja se logoM ke prANa ko haranevAle, nirlajja-niSThura dazoM dizAoM meM mArokATo bolate ajJAta rIti se ati capalatA se bhIla A gye| gAhA : paDiesa tao tesaM sattho savyo vi aauliibho| bhillANa paura-bhAvA-vakkhevA sattha-purisANa / / 10 / / chAyA: patiteSu tatasteSu sArthaH sarvo'pi AkulIbhUtaH / bhillAnAM pracurabhAvAt vyAkSepAt sArtha - puruSANAm / / 10 / / artha :- . bhillo ghaNA hovAthI tathA sArtha puruSonI vyagratA hovAthI tyAM te bhIllo Ave chate samasta sArtha vyAkula thyo| hindI anuvAda :- bhIla logoM ke bahuta hone se tathA sArtha ke kucha puruSoM kI vyagratA se samasta sArtha vyAkulita huaa| gAhA : aha tammi saraNa-rahie lahasijjaMte samattha-satthammi / dappa-paripUriyaMgA hakkiya jaMpaMti ke vi narA / 11 / / chAyA : atha tasmin zAraNa-rahite sasyamAne samasta sArthe / darpa-paripUritAGgA niSiddhA jalpanti ke'pi narAH // 11 // artha : have te sampUrNa sArtha zaraNa rahita sarakavA mANDayo kyAre niSedhakarAyelA chatAM abhimAnathI bharelA keTalAka puruSo bolatA htaa| hindI anuvAda :- aba vaha sampUrNa sArtha zaraNa rahita haTane lagA taba niSedha karane para bhI ghamaMDI puruSa isa taraha bolane lge| gAhA : re ! re ! pisAya-rUvA ! katthiNhiM jAha diTTi-paha-paDiyA / payaDaha savvaM jai asthi tumhamiha porisaM kiMpi / / 12 / / chAyA:.. re ! re ! pizAca-rUpAH ! kutredAnIM yAsyatha dRSTi-pathapatitAH / prakaTayata sarvaM yadi asti yuSmAkamiha pauruSaM kimapi / / 12 / /

Page #116
artha :- he ! he ! pizAco ! atyAre tame kyAthI najare AvI paDayA ? khasI jAva, tamArAmAM jo tAkAta hoya to te sarva prakaTa karo. hindI anuvAda :- he ! he ! pizAcoM ! abhI tuma kahA~ se yahA~ A ge| cale jAo, tumhAre meM jo bhI zakti hai usa zakti ko pragaTa kro| gAhA : kevi puNa bhIru-hiyayA varayA dasaNa-uDa-gahiya-aMguliNo / hA! hA! rakkhaha rakkhaha evaM kaluNAI jaMpaMti / / 13 / / chAyA : ke'pi punaH bhIruhRdayAH varakA dazana-puTa gRhitAGkalayaH / hA ! hA! rakSata ! rakSata evaM karuNAni jalpanti / / 13 / / "artha :- keTalAka Darapoka hRdayavALA garIbar3A mukhanI aMdara mukelI AMgaLIvALA hA-hA amArU rakSaNa karo, rakSaNa karo e pramANe karuNa vilApa karatA htaa| hindI anuvAda :- kitane Darapoka hRdayavAle garIba, mukha ke aMdara aMgulI rakhakara hA-hA-hamArA rakSaNa kIjie, rakSaNa kIjie isa taraha karuNa vilApa karane lge| gAhA: ke vi hu luTijjaMtA io tao taha pahammamANA ya / kIvA palAyaNaTTA tattha gavesaMti chiddANi / / 14 / / chAyA: ke'pi khalu luNTayamAnA itastataH tathA prahaNyamAnAzca / klIbAH palAyanArtha tatra gaveSayanti chidrANi ||14|| artha :- keTalAka A pramANe luTAtA ane haNAtA napuMsako jevA ahIM tahIM bhAgavAmATe tyAM rasto zodhatA hatA. hindI anuvAda :- kitane hI loga napuMsaka jaise idhara-udhara bhAgane ke lie rAstA khojane lge| gAhA : kevi kahakahavi pAviya-chiddAgADhaM ca khsphsemaannaa| saNiyaM saNiyaM osakkiUNa lIyaMti gahaNesu / / 15 / / chAyA: ke'pi kathaMkathamapi prApita-chidrAgADhaM ca skhalantaH / zanaiH zanairapasRtya lInanti gahaneSu / / 15 / / artha :- keTalAka adhIrA vaLI skhalanA yAmatA mahAmahenate gADha chidrane prApta karIne dhIre dhIre sarakIne gahanavanamAM chupAI gayA. hindI anuvAda :- kucha adhairyavAn skhalita hote hue ati parizrama se gAr3ha chidra ko prApta kara ke dhIre-dhIre khisaka kara gahanavana meM chupa gye| gAhA : kevi ha tevira-dehA siDhilIkaya-kaccha-baMdhaNA dhaNiyaM / pamukka-purisayArA aMgIkaya-dINa-jaNa-ceTThA // 16 //

Page #117
chAyA : kespi khalu vepanazIladehAH zithilIkRta-kakSa- bandhanAH gADham / pramukta puruSakArA aGgIkRta- dIna-jana ceSTAH // 16 // artha :keTalAka dhUmatA zarIravALA, DhIlA karelA kA chaDInAM baMdhanavAlA, tyAga karelA pauruSatvavALA, kAyara lokonI ceSTAono aMgIkAra karelA. hindI anuvAda kucha kampita zarIravAle, zithila kiye hue kakSa-bandhana vAle, vyaMjita pauruSatvavAle kAyara logoM kI ceSTAoM ko aMgIkAra karane lge| : gAhA : paricatta-sayala - lajjA kahakahamavi mokkhaNaM vimaggaMtA / tesiM ciya pAvANaM kuNaMti bahu- cADu - kammANi / / 17 / / chAyA : pApAnAM parityakta-sakala- lajjAH kathakathamapi mokSaNaM vimArgayantaH / teSAmeva kurvanti bahu-cATu-karmANi // 17 // :- vyakta sarva lajjAvALA, game te rIte chUTavAno mArga zodhela, te pApIonAja ghaNI khuzAmata karavA lAgyA. artha : hindI anuvAda :- nirlajja, kisI bhI taraha chUTane ke mArga ko DhUMDhate, vahI pApiyoM ke hI cATu karma karane lge| gAhA : kevi hu mayamiva bhU-paTThi-saMThiyaM appayaM payaMsaMti / kevihu chuhaMti gaMThiM mahIe pakkhANi joesA / / 18 / / chAyA : kespi khalu mRtamiva bhU-pRSTha-saMsthitaM AtmAnaM pradarzayati / kespi khalu kSipanti granthiM mahyAM pakSANi yojayitvA // 18 // artha :- keTalAka maDadAnI jema pRthvInIpITTha upara rahelAM potAne batAvatA hatA valI keTalAka be hAtha joDIne (DarIne) pRthvI Upara potAnI gAMThaDI pheMkatA hatA / hindI anuvAda :- kitane hI mRta kI taraha pRthvI para rahe hue apane ko dikhAte the aura kucha loga aJjalI jor3akara pRthvI para apanI gaTharI pheMkate the| gAhA : chAyA : je vi hu iho tao iMdhaNAi- aTThA gayAsi satthAo / tevi hu kala -yala-sahaM soDaM vacyaMti dUrayaraM / / 19 / / yespi hi itastata indhanAdharthaM gatA Asan sArthAt / te'pi khalu kalakala zabdaM zrutvA vajanti dUrataram ||19| artha :- jo loko sArthathI dUra baLataNa mATe ahIM-nahIM gayA hatA teo paNa kolAhala nA zabdo sAMbhaLIne sArthayI vadhAre dUra jatA rahyA. 5

Page #118
hindI anuvAda :- jo loga IMdhanAdi lene ko sArtha se dUra gaye the ve bhI kolAhala ke zabda sunakara sArtha se aura bhI dUra cale gye| gAhA : chAyA : re ! leha haNaha baMdhaha mAraha vayaNAI bharaha summati tattha satthe disi disi evaMvihA re ! lAta hata badhnIta mArayata vacanAni bharata dhUlayA / zrUyante tatra sArthe dizi dizi evaMvidhA zabdAH // 20 // artha :- are pakar3o haNo (mAro) bAMdho dhULavaDe bharo, ApA payano, tyAM sArthamAM daze dizAmAM (AvA zabdo) saMbhaLApakA lAgyA. chAyA : hindI anuvAda :- are re ! pakar3o, mAro, bAMdha do, miTTI se bhara do, vahAM aise vacana sArtha meM dazoM dizAoM se sunAI dene lge| gAhA : chAyA : dhUlIe / saddA ||20|| eyAvasarammi tao pAsittu io tao vilumpataM / bhillehiM sattha-loyaM kaivaya-niya - purisa- pariyario ||21|| etadavasare tataH dRSTvA itastataH vilumpantam / bhillebhyaH sArtha - lokaM katipaya nija - puruSa - parivRttaH // 21 // hindI anuvAda :- usa samaya idhara udhara daur3ate hue bhilloM ko dekhakara apane cunaMde manuSyoM ke sAtha khaDgayukta hAthavAlA gAhA : uppAeMto tesiM AgiIe ceva citta - saMkhohaM / vasunaMdaya-khagga-karo dhaNadevo evamullavai / / 22 / / utpAdayan tebhyaH AkRtyA eva citta-saMkSobham / vasunandaka-khaDga-karo dhanadeva evamullapati // 22 // - yugmam artha :- eTalI vAramAM tyAM Amatema nAsatA bhillonI sAthai sArthanA lokone jor3ane potAnA keTalAka mANasonI sAthe gherAyelo vasunaMdaka nAmanA khaDga (talavAra) yukta hAthavALo ane AkRtithI ja teone cittamAM kSobhaM utpanna karato evo dhanadeva A pramANe bolavA lAgyo. 1 hindI anuvAda aura dekhane mAtra se bhayaMkara AkRtivAlA, citta meM bhaya utpanna karanevAlA vasunaMdaka khaDgayukta dhanadeva isa taraha bolane lgaa| 6

Page #119
gAhA : re ! re ! pAvA ! jai asthi tumha iha kAvi datha-kaMDUI / tA havaha majjha purao sahasA taM jeNa avaNemi / / 23 / / chAyA: re ! re ! pApA : ! yadyasti yuSmAkamiha kApi darpa-kaNDUtiH / tataH bhavata mama purataH sahasA tad yena apanayAmi // 23 // artha :- re ! re ! pApIo ! jo tamane koI paNa prakAre ahaMkAranI khujalI AvatI hoya to mArI sAme Avo huM tamArI khaNaja ne dUra karI dauM. hindI anuvAda :- re ! re ! pApiSTha ! yadi tuma ko kisI prakAra se ahaMkAra kI khujalI AtI ho to mere sAmane Ao maiM tumhArI khujalI ko dUra kruuNgaa| gAhA : mA bhaNaha jaM na bhaNiyaM esa kasa-vaTTao supurisANa / na hi niya-juvai salahiyA purisA purisattaNamuveti / / 24 / / chAyA: 'mA bhaNata yad na bhaNitaM eSa kaSapaTTakaH supuruSANAm / . na hi nija yuvati-zalAdhitAH puruSAH puruSatvamupayanti // 24 // artha :- pachI ema nahIM kahetAM ke mane kA na hatuM kharekhara puruSonI to A kasoTI che. mAtra potAnI patnIthI prasaMsIta karAyelA puruSo puruSatva prApta karatAM nathI. hindI anuvAda :- phira aisA mata kahanA ki mujhe kahA nahIM thA, vIra puruSoM kI yaha to kasauTI hai, sirpha apanI patnI se prazaMsita puruSa puruSatva prApta nahIM karate haiN| gAhA : hA! dhI! dhI! eyassa ure ! duTThA ! tumha purisagArassa / nAsaMta-loya-paTTI-dhAvaNa-uvaladdha-pasarassa // 25 // chAyA:hA ! dhik ! dhik ! etasya tu re ! duSTAH yuSmAkaM puruSakArasya / nazyat - loka-pRSTha-dhAvalupalabdha prasArasya / / 25 // artha :- are ! dhikkAra che ! dhikkAra cha ! are duSTo ! nAsatA lokanI pAchaLa doDavAthI prApta thayelA vistAravALA tamArA AvA prakAranAM puruSatvane dhikkAra ho. hindI anuvAda :- are ! dhikkAra ho ! dhikkAra ho ! are duSToM ! bhAgate hue logoM ke pIche daur3ane se tumhAre isa prakAra ke puruSatva ko bhI dhikkAra ho ! gAhA : evaM ca nisAmittA doccaM taccaM samullavaMttassa / dhaNadevassullAve suhaDANavi bhUri-bhaya-jaNage / / 26 / /

Page #120
chAyA : evaM dhIrayaM re ! re leha imassavi phaMDemo evaM samullavaMtA valiyA te jhatti samullapataH / ca nizamya dviH triH dhanadevasyollApAn subhaTebhyo'pi bhUri-bhaya janakAn // 26 // re ! re ! lAta asyApi bhraMzayAgaH dhIratAM kirAtasya / evaM samullapantaH valitAste jhaTiti tadabhimukham // 27 // artha :- A pramANe be-traNa vAra bolatAM, subhaTone paNa ghaNo bhaya paidA karanAra dhanadevanA AlApone sAMbhaLIne..... are ! re ! pakar3o Ane paNa mArI nAMkhIye, bhillanI dhIratA jUo, A pramANe bolatA teo jhaldIthI te tarapha vaLayA. chAyA : hindI anuvAda :- isa prakAra do-tIna bAra bolate subhaToM ko bhI atibhaya utpanna karanevAle dhanadeva ke ullApo ko sunakara are ! re ! pakar3o inheM bhI mAra DAlo, bhilla kI dhairyatA to dekho, isa prakAra bolate hue jaldI se usa tarapha gae / gAhA : kirADassa | tayabhimuhaM ||27| chAyA : dhaNadevassaMtiyaM pattA ya AhasaMtA samaMtA te / tikkhAsi - koMta-tomara - bhallIhi ya pahariuM laggA ||28|| prAptAzyAhasantaH dhanadevasyAntikaM samantAt te / tikSNAsi - kuMta - tomara-bhallIbhizca prahartuM lagnAH // 28 // artha :- teo thoDuM thoDuM hasatAM dhanadevanI najIka pahoMcI gayA ane cAre bAjuthI tIkSNa- talavAra - bhAlA-tIra ane bhAlAo var3e tenA Upara prahAra karavA lAgyA. hindI anuvAda :- ve loga thor3A-thor3A haMsate hue dhanadeva ke pAsa pahuMcakara cAroM ora se tIkSNa - tomara aura bhAloM se prahAra karane lage / talavAra gAhA : dhaNadevovi asaMko tahA payaTTesu tesu bhillesu / tANamuramoDiUNaM kuNai niya porisaM payaDaM / / 29 / / dhanadevo'pyazaMkastathA pravRtteSu veSu bhilleSu / teSAmuramoTayitvA karoti nija-pauruSaM prakaTam ||29|| artha :- te bhillo tevA prakAre pravRtta thaye chate zaMkArahita evo dhanadeva to onI AgaLa khullI chAtI rAkhIne potAnA puruSArthane prakaTa kare che. hindI anuvAda :- una bhilla logoM ke isa prakAra cAroM ora se prahAra karane para bhI niHzaMkita dhanadeva unake Age apanA puruSArtha prakaTa karatA hai| 8

Page #121
gAhA : jaha jaha te bhilla-narA deMti pahAre daDhaM dayA-hINA / dhaNadevo uNa taha taha abbhasiya-kalo pavaMcei // 30 // chAyA : yathA yathA te bhilla-narA dadati prahArAn chaDhaM dayA-hInAH / dhanadevaH punastathA tathA abhyasta kalaH pravaJcati // 30 // artha :- jema jema te dayAvagaranA bhIlanA mANaso haTha prahAra devA lAgyA tema, tema dhanadeva paNa potAnI jANelI kalA batAvavA lAgyo. hindI anuvAda :- dayAhIna bhillajana jaise jaise dRr3haprahAra karane lage vaise vaise dhanadeva bhI apanI kalA dikhAne lgaa| gAhA : aviya pharaeNa kevihu io tao kevi kAya-karaNeNaM / kevi hu dUrAucciya eMte khaggAbhidhAraNa / / 31 / / chAyA : api ca spharakena ke'pi khalu itastataH ke'pi kAya-karaNena / ke'pi khalu dUrAdeva khaDgAbhighAtena // 31 // artha :- vaLI koIkane pharaka nAmanA astravar3e to vaLI koIkane kAyAnI kriyAvar3e ane koikane vaLI (astra) dUrathI khaDganA ghAtavar3e. hindI anuvAda :- aura kisI ko pharaka nAma ke astra se to kisI ko kAyA kI kriyA se to kisI ko dUra se hI khaDga ke ghaatdvaaraa| gAhA : kahakahavi hu bhillehiM gahio pharaehiM uTThaheUNa / bhaNiyaM ca tehiM re ! re ! eso satthAhivo vaNio // 32 / / chAyA: kathaM kathamapi khalu bhillaiH gRhItaH spharakaiH / bhaNitaM ca taiH re ! re ! eSa: sArthAdhipaH vaNikaH // 32 // artha :- game te rIte bhillovar3e astravizeSavar3e grahaNa karAyo ane teo var3e kahevAyo ke are re ! Aja vANIyo sArthano mAlika che. hindI anuvAda :- kisI bhI prakAra se bhilloM ne astravizeSa grahaNa kiyA aura unhIM ke dvAsa kahA gayA ki are ! yahI sArtha kA nAyaka hai| gAhA : tA baMdhiUNa eyaM akkhaya-dehaM tu palli-nAhassa / apyemo jeNeso dei vaNio ghaNaM bahuyaM / / 33 / / chAyA: tasmAt baddhavA eta-makSata-dehaM tu pallinAthAya / arpayAmaH yeneSaH dadAti vaNik dhanaM bahukam // 33 //

Page #122
artha :- tethI tene bAMdhIne akSata dehavALA tene pallIpatine soMpIzu-jethI A vANIo, thaNu dhana Apo. hindI anuvAda :- ata: akSatAMgavAle nAyaka ko bAMdhakara pallIpati ko arpita kareMge, jisase ye vaNika loga hameM bahuta dhana deNge| gAhA : tatto ya tehiM gaMtuM pallIvaiNo samappio eso / etthaMtarammi diTTho dhaNadevo devasammeNa / / 34 / / chAyA: tatazca tai-rgatvA pallipataye samarpita eSaH / atrAntare dRSTo dhanadevo devazarmaNA ||34|| artha :- tyArapachI teovar3e jaIne pallipatine soMpyo eTalIvAramA devazarmA var3e dhanadeva jovAyo. hindI anuvAda :- tatpazcAt bhilloM ne use pallipati ko arpita kiyA itanI hI dera meM devazarmA ne dhanadeva ko dekhaa| gAhA : tatto ya teNa bhaNio sadukkhamevaM tu palli-nAhassa / hA ! hA ! sAmiya ! eso mahANubhAvo sa dhaNadevo / / 35 / / chAyA: tatazca tena bhaNitaH sadukkhamevaM tu pallinAthAya / hA ! hA ! svAmika ! eSo mahANubhAvo so dhanadevaH ||35|| artha :- ane tyArapachI tarataja atyaMtaduHkhapUrvaka pallipatine A pramANe kahayu hA ! are ! svAmi ! A mahAnubhAvato te dhanadeva che ! hindI anuvAda :- phira atyaMtaduHkhapUrvaka pallipati ne isa prakAra kahA- hA ! are ! svAmi ! yaha mahAnubhAva to dhanadeva hai ! gAhA : jeNa tayA tuha taNao jogiya-gahiovi moio Asi / dAuM suvanna-lakkhaM nikkAraNa-vacchaleNaM tu / / 36 / / chAyA : yena tadA tava tanayo yogi-gRhIto'pi mocita AsIt / datvA suparNa-lakSaM niSkAraNa-vAtsalayena tu ||36 // artha :- jenA var3e tyAre tAro putra yogiovar3e grahaNa karAyelo paNaM lAkha-sonAmahoro ApIne niSkAraNA premavar3e choDAvAyo hato ! (te A dhanadeva che). hindI anuvAda :- yogiyoM se jaba terA putra apahRta kiyA gayA thA taba lAkha-suvarNa mudrA dekara niSkAraNA prema se bacAnevAlA yaha dhanadeva hai ! 10

Page #123
gAhA: jayaseNa-kumara-jIviya-dAyA dhaNadhamma-seTTi-putto so / paramuvayArI sAmiya! kahaNu ahannehiM vihiutti / / 37 / / chAyA: jayasena-kumAra-jIvita-dAtA dhanadharma-zreSThi-putraH saH / paramopakArI svAmin ! kathaM nu adhanyaiH vihiteti ? ||37 // artha :- he svAmin ! jayasena kumArane jIvanadAna ApanAra tathA dhanadharma (dhanadeva) nAmanA zreSThIno putra parama upakArI ane anIsAme adhanya evA ApaNA var3e zu karAyu ? hindI anuvAda :- he svAmin ! jayasena kumAra ko jIvanadAna denevAlA tathA dhanadharma nAmaka zreSThi putra parama upakArI dhanadeva aura usakI ora adhanya aisA apane dvArA yaha kyA kiyA ! gAhA : iya devasamma-bhaNiyaM souM saMbhaMta-loyaNo sahasA / aha bhagai suppaiTTho muMcaha muMcaha mahAbhAgaM / / 38 / / chAyA: iti devazarmA-bhaNitaM zrutvA sambhrAMta-locanaH sahasA / atha bhaNati supratiSThaH muJcata muJcata mahAbhAgaM ||38 // artha :- A pramANe devazarmAnuM kahelu sAMbhaLIne saMbhrAMta nayanavALo supratiSThe ekadama have kahayu, A mahAbhAgane chor3I do chor3I do. hindI anuvAda :- isa prakAra devazarmA kA kathana sunakara saMbhrAMta nayanavAlA supratiSTha sahasA isa prakAra bolA - isa puNyavAn ko chor3a do chor3a do ...... gAhA: pAsa-dviya-purisehiM takkhaNamucchoThiyA ya se baMdhA / pallI-vaiNA tAhe avagUDho sAyaraM eso / / 39 / / chAyA: pArzva-sthitapuruSaiH tatkSaNamucchoTitAzca tasya bandhAH / ___ palli-patinA tasmAt avagUDha sAdaraM eSaH // 39 // artha :- bAjumA rahelA puruSovar3e teja kSaNe tenA bandhana choDAyA ane pallipati bar3e AdarapUrvaka AliGgana karAyu. hindI anuvAda :- pAsa meM rahe puruSa dvArA usI kSaNa unake bandhana kATe gae aura pallipati dvArA bar3e Adara se usakA AliGgana kiyA gyaa| gAhA : tatto vihiya paNAmo takkAlamuciyammi AsaNe dinne / pAsa-TThiya purisehiM uvaviTTho tattha dhaNadevo / / 40 / / 11

Page #124
chAyA : tato vihitaH pramANastatkAlamucite Azane datte / pArzva-sthitapuruSairUpAviSTaH dhanadevo // 40 // artha :- tyAra bAda pAse rahelA puruSo bar3e te kALane ucita Asana apAye chate karelA praNAmavALo dhanadeva tyAM beTho. hindI anuvAda :- tatpazcAt pAsa rahe puruSoM dvArA diye gaye ucita Asana para praNAmapUrvaka dhanadeva vahA~ baitthaa| gAhA : chAyA : tatto ya dIha dIhaM nIsasIya visAya-gaSbhiNaM lajjAvaNamiya- vayaNo palli - vaI tatazca dIrgha-dIrgha niHzvAsya vizAda-garbhitamevam / lajjAvanamita- vadanaH pallipatI bhaNitumArabdhaH // 41 // artha :- phira pachI khUba lAMbA nIsAsA nAMkhIne ane lajjAthI namelA mukhavALA viSAdayukta pallIpatie A pramANe kahevAnI prAraMbha karyo ! chAyA : hindI anuvAda :- phira khUba laMbI niHzvAsa lekara viSAdayukta lajjA se namita mukhavAle pallipati ne isa prakAra kahanA prAraMbha kiyA gAhA : evaM bhaNiumADhato / / 41 // paravagAriti tumaM uvecca kila hosi amha daTThavvo / navaraM gihAgayassavi sAgayamevaMvihaM vihiyaM // 42 // | paramopakArIti tvAmupetya kila bhavasi asmabhyaM dRSTavyaH / navaraM gRhAgatasyApi svAgatamevaMvidhaM vihitam // 42 // artha :- ghare AvelA evA tamAruM svAgata amArAbar3e karAyuM to parama upakArI evA tamane pAmIne ame tamane zuM moThaM batAvIe ? hindI anuvAda :- paramopakArI gRhAMgana meM Ae hue Apako pAkara isa prakAra ApakA svAgata kiyA gayA aba hama apanA mukha bhI Apako kaise dikhAyeM ? gAhA : chAyA : jAyai avagAra - phalo vihio pAvANaM ahava uvayAro / jahA dinnaM durddhapi vittaNamuve ||43 // sappassa jAyate apakAra-phalo vihitaH pApAnAM athavA upakAraH / sarpasya yathA dattaM dugdhamapi viSatvamupaiti // 43 // artha :- kharekhara pApIo upara karelo upakAra paNa apakAranA phaLavALo thAya che, jema sAMpane Apelu dUdha paNa jhera banI jAya che. 12

Page #125
hindI anuvAda :- nizcaya hI pApI para kiyA huA upakAra bhI apakAra kA phala denevAlA rahatA hai, jaise sarpa ko diyA huA dUdha bhI jahara bana jAtA hai| gAhA : pAvo ahaM kayagyo suya-jIviya-dAyagassa jeNajja / gihamAgayassa evaM ahamma-kammaM samAcariyaM // 44 / / chAyA: pApo'haM kRtaghnaH suta-jIvita-dAyakasya yenAdhe / gRhamAgatasya etaM adharma-karma-samAcaritaM // 44 // artha :- vaLI huM kevo pApI ane kRtaghnI chu ke putranA jIvanadAtA ke je Aje ghaTe AvelA tenA prati me kevu adharmarUpa AcaraNa kartu! hindI anuvAda :- phira, maiM kaisA pApI aura kRtaghnI hUM ki - putra ko jIvita arpaNa karanevAle atithi ke sahasA ghara para Ane para bhI maiMne una para kitanA adharma kiyaa| gAhA : bhaNiyaM ghaNadeveNaM kIsa imaM vahaha guru-visAyaMti / annANaM avarajjhai ko doso ettha tumhANaM // 45 / / chAyA: bhaNinaM dhanadevena kasmAdidaM vahata guru-viSAdamiti / atAnamaparAdhyati ko doSo'tra tava ? ||45 // artha :- tyAre dhanadeve kA ke tame zA mATe ATalo badho viSAda dhAraNa karo cho? A to ajJAnano aparAdha che, temAM tamAro zo doSa che ? hindI anuvAda :- taba dhanadeva ne kahA ki tuma kyoM itanA viSAda karate ho? yaha to ajJAnatA kA aparAdha hai, usameM ApakA kyA doSa hai ? gAhA : dadarcha aNanna-sarisaM bhilla-vaI tassa vayaNa-vinnANaM / rUvaM taha suyaNattaM puNovi airaMjio bhaNai / / 46 / / chAyA : dRSTvA ananya-sadRzaM bhilla-patistasya vacana-vijJAnam / rUpaM tathA sujanatvaM punarapi atiraJjito bhaNati // 46 // artha :- pallipati dhanadevanAM asAdhAraNa mukhanAM bhAvo rUpa tathA sajjanatA joine ati khuza thayelo pharI kahevA lAgyo. hindI anuvAda :- pallipati dhanadeva ke mukha ke asAdhAraNa bhAva evaM sajjanatA dekhakara ati harSita hote hue kahane lagA - gAhA: pecchaha egammi nare kettiya-guNa-samudao samaM vasai ? / bahu-rayaNA hu vasumaI sacco loya-pyavAo'yaM // 47 // 13

Page #126
chAyA: prekSyata ekasminnare kiyat-guNa-samudAyaH samaM vasati ? | bahu-ratnA khalu vasumatI satyo loka-pravAdo'yam / / 47 // artha :- juo ! ekaja mANasamAM keTalo guNa samUha sArtha rahe che| kharekhara ! 'bahuratnA vasuMdharA' e pramANe lokono A pravAda satya ch| hindI anuvAda :- dekho ! eka hI mAnava meM kitane guNa samUha sAtha meM rahate haiN| nizcaya hI 'bahuratnA vasuMdharA' isa prakAra kI lokokti satya hai| gAhA : dhI! dhI ! maha purisattaM dhI! dhI! maha erisAe vittIe / niya-kula-kalaMka-bhUyassa majjha dhI! purisa - jammeNa / / 48 / / chAyA :dhika ! dhika ! mama pauruSatvaM dhIk ! dhIk ! mamehazayA-vRttyA / nija-kula-kalaMka-bhUtasya mama dhIk! puruSa-janmanA / / 48 // artha :- dhikkAra che mArA puruSatvane ! mArI AvA prakAranI vRttine dhikkAra ho! dhikkAra ho ! potAnA kulane kalaMkarUpa mArA nara janmane dhikkAra ho ! dhikkAra ho! hindI anuvAda :- dhikkAra ho mere puruSatva ko, dhikkAra ho ! merI isa prakAra kI vRtti ko, dhikkAra ho ! apane kula ke kalaMkarUpa mere nara janma ko dhikkAra ho ! dhikkAra ho ! gAhA : dhI ! majjha jIvieNa kukamma-nirayassa dhamma-rahiyassa / eyArisa-purisANaM luMTaNa-kammammi nirayassa / / 49 / / chAyA: dhik mama jIvitena kukarma niratasya dharma-rahitasya / etaddiza-puruSANAM luNTana-karmaNi niratasya // 49 // artha :- kukarmamAM rata, dharma rahita AvA prakAranAM puruSane luTavAmAM atyaMta rata evA mArA jIvitane dhikkAra ho. hindI anuvAda :- kukarma meM rata, dharma rahita, isa prakAra ke puruSa ko lUTane meM atyaMta rata aise jIvita ko bhI dhikkAra ho| gAhA : ettiyametteNaM ciya dhanno'haM jaM mahANubhAvassa / akkhaya-dehassa imassa daMsaNaM jhatti saMjAyaM / / 50 // chAyA: etad matriNava dhanyo'haM yad mahAnubhAvasya / akSata-dehasya etasya darzanaM jhATiti saMjAtaM // 50 // artha :- eTalA pramANamAM ja huM dhanya chu ke je A mahAtmAnA akhaNDa dehacaM darzana jaldI thyu| 14

Page #127
hindI anuvAda :- itane hI pramANa meM dhanya hU~ ki - aise mahAtmA ke akSata deha kA darzana jaldI huaa| gAhA : jai puNa hojja vivattI samayaM bhillehiM jujjhamANassa / tA kaha majjha aunnassa hojja pAvassa nitthAro? // 51 // chAyA: yadi punaH bhavet vipatiHsamakaM bhillaiH yudhyamAnasya / tarhi kathaM mamApuNyasya bhavet pApasya nistAraH // 51 // artha :- jo bhillonI sAthe yuddha karatA, dhanadevano vinAza thai gayo hota to pApAtmA evo mArA pApathI nistAra kevI rIte thAta ! hindI anuvAda :- yadi bhilloM ke sAtha yuddha karate dhanadeva kA vinAza ho gayA hotA to maiM isa pApa se kaise mukta ho sakatA thA? gAhA : emAi bahu-vigappaM appANaM niMdiUNa to bhaNai / bho ! bho ! bhillA ! satthe jaM gahiyaM ettha tumhehiM // 52 / / taM savvaMpi samappaha imassa dhaNadeva-nAma-vaNiyassa / tehiM taNa-majjAyaM samappiyaM tassa taM savvaM / / 53 / / chAyA: evamAdi bahu-vikalpena AtmAnaM niMditvA tato bhaNati / bho ! bho ! bhillA ! sAthai yad gRhItaM atra yuSmAbhiH // 52 // tad sarvamapi samarpayata etasya dhanadeva-nAma-vaNijaH / taiH tRNa-maryAdaM samarpitaM tasmai taM sarvam // 53 // artha :- ityAdi ghaNA prakAre AtmAnI niMdA karIne tyArapachI pallipatie kA'are bhillo ! tamArA bar3e ahIM sArthamAMthI je grahaNa karAyu hoya, te samasta A dhanadeva nAmanA vaNikne soMpI do .... tyAre bhillo var3e tRNa jeTalaM paNa mAla pAcho apaayo| hindI anuvAda :- ityAdi bahuta prakAra se Atma niMdA karake phira pallipati ne kahA-'are bhilloM ! tumhAre dvArA sArtha meM se jo bhI vastueM lI gaI hoM ve saba idhara dhanadeva vaNik ko de do... taba bhilloM dvArA tRNa jitanA bhI mAla vApasa diyA gyaa| gAhA : tatto sa-bAla-vuDDhe milie logammi bhaya-vimukkammi / vajjarai suppaiTTho dhaNadevaM neha-gavbhamiNaM / / 54 / / chAyA: tataH sa-bAla-vRddhe-milite loke bhaya-vimukke / kathayati suptatiSTho dhanadevaM sneha-garbhamidam / / 54 // 15

Page #128
artha :- tyAra pachI sArthanA loko bhayarahita thaye chate maLelA bAlakathI mAMDI vRddho sahita dhanadevane supratiSTha pallipati snehayukta A pramANe kahe ch| hindI anuvAda :- bAda meM sArtha se nirbhaya hone para dhanadeva se suptatiSTha pallipati snehayukta isa prakAra kahane lgaa| gAhA : etto gAuyamette sIhaguhA nAma atthi me pallI / tIe lahumAgacchaha ajjaM maha pAhuNA hoi / / 55 / / chAyA: agrataH gavyatamAtre sIMhaguphA nAmnA'sti mama pllii| tatra zIghramAgacchata agha mama prAghUrNako bhava // 55 // artha :- ahIthI gAumAtramA siMhaguphA nAmanI mArI pallI che. tyAM jaldI padhAro ane Aje mArA atithi bno| hindI anuvAda :- yahA~ se gAu mAtra hI siMhaguphA nAma kI merI pallI hai vahA~ zIghra hI Apa padhAreM aura Aja hamAre atithi bneN| gAhA : bhaNiyaM dhaNadeveNaM evaM houtti tAhe so sattho / dhaNadeva-magga-laggo sIhaguhaM jhatti saMpatto // 56 / / chAyA: bhaNitaM dhanadevenevaM bhavatviti tataH saH sArthaH / dhanadeva-mArga lagnaH siMhaguphAM jhaTiti samprAptaH // 56 // artha :- dhanadeva var3e kahevAyu- 'bhale e pramANe thAva' tyArapachI te sArtha dhanadevane anusarelo sIMhaguphAmAM jaldI Avyo / hindI anuvAda :- dhanadeva dvArA kahA gayA - 'acchA isI taraha ho' phira vaha sArtha dhanadeva ke sAtha siMhaguphA meM zIghra aayaa| gAhA : AvAsiyassa tatto vasimAsannammi sattha-loyassa / pallI-vaINA nIo dhaNadevo niyaya-gehammi / / 57 / / chAyA: AvAsitasya tata vAsasthAnasamIpe sArtha-lokasya / pallI-patinA nIto dhaNadevo nijaka-gRhe // 5 // artha :- pallIpati pallinI najIka AvAsane yogya potAnA ghare sArthanA lokone tathA dhanadevane laI gyo| hindI anuvAda :- pallipati pallI ke pAsa ArAma ke yogya apane ghara sArtha ke logoM ke sAtha dhanadeva ko le gyaa| 16

Page #129
gAhA: abbhaMgiUNa vihiNA sugaMdha-tellehiM pavara-juvaIhiM / addhANa-parissama nAsageNa vara-vAriNA nhavio / / 58 // chAyA : abhyaMgya vidhinA sugaMdha tailaiH pravara-yuvatibhiH / adhvAna-parizrama-nAzakena vara-vAriNA snApitaH // 54 // artha :- zreSTha yuvatioo sugaMdhi telavar3e vidhipUrvaka abhyaMgana karIne (mAlIsakarIne) mArganA parizramane dUra kare tevA zreSTha pANI var3e snAna kraavyu| hindI anuvAda :- zreSTha yuvatiyoM ne sugaMdhita tela se vidhipUrvaka abhyaMga karake mArga ke parizrama ko dUra kare, aise zreSTha pAnI se snAna kraayaa| gAhA : ghaNasAra-sAra-sirikhaMDa-caccio tAhe palli-nAheNa / sahio pavarAhAraM bhottUNa samuTThio kamaso // 59 / / chAyA:, ghanasAra-zrIkhaNDa-carcitastataH pallinAthena / sahitaH pravarAhAraM bhotuM samutthitaH kramazaH ||59 // artha :- tyArapachI pallI-pati var3e kapUra-caMdana vaDe (vilepana) karAyu pachI zreSTha bhojana jamavA mATe kramazaH upasthita thyaa| hindI anuvAda :- tatpazcAt pallipati dvArA kapUra-caMdanAdi dvArA vilepana kiyA gayA phira zreSTha bhojana jImane ke lie kramazaH upasthita huaa| gAhA: kappUra-pUra-sahie taMbole AyareNa se dine / vajjaraI dhaNadevo suhAsaNattho imaM vayaNaM / / 60 // chAyA : karpUra-pUra-sahite tAmbUle AdareNa tasya datte / kathayati dhanadevaH sukhAsanasthaH idaM vacanam ||60 // artha :- AdarapUrvaka karpUrAdi masAlAvALu tAMbUla (pAna) Ape chate sukhAsana para beThelA dhanadeve A pramANe kaa| hindI anuvAda :- aba AdarapUrvaka karpUrAdi mizrita tAMbUla (pAna) dene para sukhAsana para baiThe hue dhanadeva ne isa prakAra khaa| kramazaH

Page #130
NO PLY NO BOARD, NO WOOD. ONLY NUWUD. INTERNATIONALLY ACCLAIMED Nuwud MDF is fast replacing ply, board and wood in offices, homes & industry. As ceilings, DESIGN FLEXIBILITY flooring, furniture, mouldings, panelling, doors, windows... an almost infinite variety of Arms Communications VALUE FOR MONEY woodwork. So, if you have woodwork in mind, just think NUWUD MDF. NUCHEN LIMITED BU NUWUD S E-46/12, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase II, New Delhi-110 020 Phones : 632737, 633234, 6827185, 6849679 TIX: 031-75102 NUWD IN Telelax: 91-11-6848748 The one wood, lored all your woodwork MARKETING OFFICES: * AHMEDABAD: 440672, 469242 * BANGALORE: 2219219 * BHOPAL: 552760 * BOMBAY: 8734433, 4937522, 4952648 * CALCUTTA: 270549 . CHANDIGANM: 603771, 604463 * DELHI: 632737, 633234, 6827185, 6849679 * MYDERABAD: 226607 * JAIPUR: 312636. JALANDHAR: 52610, 221087 * KATHMANDU: 225504. 224904 MADRAS: 8257589.8275121 www.jainelib ary.org