Sankshipta Jain Itihas Part 02 Khand 02

Author(s): Kamtaprasad Jain
Publisher: Mulchand Kisandas Kapadia
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/035244/1

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zrI yazovijayajI jaina graMthamALA dAdAsAheba, bhAvanagara, phona : 0278-2425322 2.300484 saMkSipta jaina itihaas| dvitIya bhAga dvi0 khNdd| svargIya sau0 savitAbAI, dharmapatnI mUlacaMda kisanavAsa kApaDiyAke smaraNArtha 'digaMbara jaina' ke 27veM varSake grAhakoMko bheNtt| lekhakabAbU kAmatAprasAda jain| QWlam WBGDRISTERIES |

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sau0 savitAbAI smAraka granthamAlA naM0 4.. saMkSipta jaina itihaas| dvitIya bhAga-dvitIya khNdd| lekhaka:zrImAn bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI jaina ema. Ara. e. esa. oN. saMpAdaka vIra' aura jaina ainTikverI tathA bhagavan pArzvanAtha, bhagavAna mahAvIra, satyamArga, laoNrDa mahAvIra, celanI Adi granyoMke rcyitaa| prakAzaka: mUlacaMda kisanadAsa kApaDiyA, saMpAdaka "digaMbara jaina" va mAlika 'dagaMbara jaina pustakAlaya, _____ kaapddiyaabhvn-suurt| svargIya sau. savitAbAI, dharmapalI mUlacaMda kisanadAsa kApariyAke smaraNa.ye 'digaMbara jaina ' ke 277 varSake grAhakeMko bheNtt| prathamAvRtta] [prati 1000 vIra saM0 2460 mUlya-ru. 1-2-0 /

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4AAAAE "jainavijaya prinTiMga presa-sUrata meM mUlacaMda kisanadAsa kApaDiyAne mudrita kiyaa|

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sau0 savitAbAI - hamArI dharmapatnI savitAbAIkA svargavAsa sirpha 22 varSakI yuvAna vayameM eka 2 putra-putrIko choDakara vIra saM0 2456 meM huA taba hamane unake smaraNArtha 2000) isa liye nikAle the ki yaha rakama sthAyI rakhakara isake sUdase 'savitAbAI smAraka granthamAlA' prativarSa nikAlI jAya aura usakA digaMbara jaina " yA jaina mahilAdarza dvArA vinA mUlya pracAra kiyA jAya / 66 - smAraka graMthamAlA naM. 4 isa prakAra yaha granthamAlA cAlU hokara Aja taka nimnalikhita grantha isa mAlA meM prakaTa ho cuke haiM 1 - aitihAsika striyA~ | 2 - saMkSipta jaina itihAsa dvi0 bhAga ma0 khaMDa / 3 - paMcaratna | aura cauthA yaha saM0 jaina itihAsa dvi0 bhAga- dU0 khaMDa prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai aura 'digambara jaina' ke 27 ve varSake grAhakoM ko bheTameM diyA jAtA hai / jaina samAja meM dAna to aneka bhAI bahina nikAlate haiM paraMtu usakA yatheSTa upayoga nahIM hotA / yadi uparokta prakArake dAnakI rakamako sthAyI rakhakara smAraka graMthamAlA nikAlI jAnekA pracAra ho jAbe to jaina samAja meM aneka jaina granthoMkA sulabhatayA pracAra ho sakegA / bIra saM0 2460 jyeSTha sudI 6. Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat mUlacaMda kisanadAsa kApaDiyA | saMpAdaka, digambara jaina - sUrata / www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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O INHIED INHI.DAININAHI - bhUmikA ra Sili|||IQIII kucha samayase jaina saMpradAyake kaI vibhAgoMmeM ahiMsAvAdane aisA bhrAnta rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai ki logoMkI dRSTimeM vaha upahAsAspada horahA hai| isI bhramako dUra karaneke liye yaha " saMkSipta jaina itihAsa" likhA gayA hai| ise hama ukta saMpradAyakI jAgRtikA zubha lakSaNa anumAna karate haiM / yadyapi " saMkSipta jaina itihAsa" ke isa khaNDameM prAmANika aitihAsika sAmagrIke sAtha sAtha 'jaina kathAoM' aura 'janazrutiyoM' kA upabhoga kiye jAnese aneka sthaloMpara matabheda honekI sambhAvanA bhI hosakatI hai, tathApi isameM itihAsa-premiyoMke aura vizeSakara jaina saMpradAyake anuyAyiyoMke manana karaneke liye bahuta kucha sAmagrI upasthita kIgaI hai| isake alAvA isakI lekhanazailI bhI saMkucita sAMpradAyikatAkI manovRttise pare honeke kAraNa samayopayogI aura upAdeya hai| hama, isa sundara saMkSipta itihAsako likhakara prakAzita karaneke liye, zrIyuta bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI jainakA hRdayase svAgata karate haiN| isa itihAsake pUrNa honepara hindI bhASAke bhaMDAra meM eka grantharatnakI vRddhi hone ke sAtha hI jaina saMpradAyakA bhI vizeSa upakAra hogaa| AzA hai isa itihAsake dvitIya saMskaraNameM isakI bhASAko aura bhI parimArjita karanekA prayatna kiyA jaaygaa| bhAkiyAlAjikala DipArTameMTa, vizvezvaranAtha reu / jodhpur| vivazvaranAtha rau /

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liijiye| se=aGHBG= priya mitra prA0 hIrAlAlajI ! apane priya viSayakI yaha ekamAtra kRti-prema___ bheMTa svIkAra kIjiye aura isase bhI sundarazreSTha svakIya kRtise sAhitya-udanako samunnata bnaaiye| -kAmatAprasAda jain| - = - :

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AbhAra / I " saMkSipta jaina itihAsa" ke dUsare bhAgakA yaha dUsarA khaNDa pAThakoM ke hAthameM dete hue hameM harSa hai| aisA karane meM hamArA ekamAtra uddezya jJAnodyota karanA hai / isalie hameM vizvAsa hai ki pAThakagaNa hamAre isa sadaprayAsa se samucita lAbha uThAveMge aura bhAratIya jainoMke -pUrva gauravako jAnakara apane jIvanako samunnata banAneke lie utsAhako grahaNa kareMge / isa granthanirmANa meM hameM bahutase sAhityakI prApti aura sahAyatA hamAre mitra aura isa graMtha ke suyogya prakAzaka zrIyuta seTha mUlacaMda kisanadAsajI kApar3iyA; adhyakSagaNa, zrI impIriyala * lAyabrerI kalakattA aura jaina oriyaMTala lAyabrerI ArAse huI hai, jisake liye hama unakA AbhAra svIkAra karate haiM / prUpha-saMzodhana - Adi kArya kApar3iyAjIne svayaM karake jo hamArI sahAyatA kI hai, vaha hama bhUla nahIM sakte / usake liye bhI kApar3iyAjI dhanyabAdake pAtra haiM / ' zrImAn sAhityAca. ye paM0 vizvezvaranAthajI reDa, ema0 Ara0 e0esa0, kyUreTara, saradAra myujiyama - jodhapura ne isa khaMDakI bhUmikA likhane kI kRpA kI hai, hama unake isa anugrahake liye upakRta haiM / itihAsa ke prastuta khaMDa meM hamane varNitakAlakI prAyaH saba hI mukhya ghaTanAoMko pragaTa karanekA prayatna kiyA hai / aitihAsika

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vArtAke sAtha janazrutiyoM aura kathAoMkoM bhI samAveza hamane isa bhAvase kara diyA hai ki AgAmI aitihAsika khojameM vaha saMbhavataH upayogI siddha hoN| kintu jo bAta mAtra janazruti yA kathA hI para avalambita hai, usakA hamane spaSTa zabdoMmeM ulleva kara diyA hai| isalie kisI prakArakA bhrama honekA bhaya nahIM hai| itanepara bhI hama nahIM kaha sakte ki isa khaMDameM varNitakAlakI saba hI ghaTanAoMkA ThIka-ThIka ullekha huA hai| para jo kucha likhA gayA hai vaha ekamAtra aitihAsika dRSTikoNase / ataH saMbhava hai ki kinhIM sthalopara matabhedakA anubhava prabuddha pAThaka kreN| aise avasarapara niSpakSa tarka aura pramANa hI kAryakArI hosakta haiN| unake AlokameM samucita sudhAra bhI kiye jAsakte haiN| isa dizAmeM karmazIla honevAle samAlocakoMkA AbhAra hama pahale hI svIkAra kiye lete haiN| nasavantanagara (iTAvA) / 24 maI 1934 / vinIta- . kAmatAprasAda jain|

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nivedana | ED jaina samAja meM aitihAsika khojapUrNa pustakoM ke suprasiddha lekhakazrI0 bA0 kAmatAprasAdajI jaina kRta - "saMkSipta jaina itihAsa dUsarA bhAga-prathama khaMDa" tIsare varSa hamane prakaTa kiyA thA aura isa varSa yaha dUsare bhAgakA dUsarA khaMDa pragaTa kiyA jAtA hai jisameM isvIsana pUrva 250 varSase isvIsan 1300 takakA jainoMkA prAcIna itihAsa saMkSipta rUpase varNita hai / bA0 kAmatAprasAdajIkI aitihAsika khojakI hama kahAMtaka prazaMsA kareM ! Aja z2aina samAjameM tulanAtmaka ddRSTise jaina itihAsakI khoja karane va usako prakAzameM lAnevAle yaha eka hI vyakti haiN| yadi ApakI lekhanI ko uttejita kI jAya to Apake dvArA aura bhI aneka aitihAsika grantha likhe va prakaTa kiye jA sakeMge / yaha grantha ' digambara jaina' (sUrata) ke 27 veM varSake grAhakoMko bheMTa meM diyA jAyagA tathA jo 'digaMbara jaina' ke grAhaka nahIM haiM unake liye kucha pratiyAM vikrayArtha bhI nikAlI gaI haiM / AzAha hai ki aise aitihAsika granthakA acchA pracAra hogA / Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat -prakAzaka / www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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+* vissysuucii| prAkkathana......pR0 1 / jaina gAthAoMkA zaka raajaa| itihAsakA mahatva / kuzana sAmrAjyakA patana / kathA aura janazruti / (2) samrAT khAravela........31 prastuta itihAsakA mhtv| / kaliMgakA aila cedivaMza / cauvIsa tIrthakara / khAravelakA raajyaabhissek| jainadharmakI vishesstaa| khAravela rAjyakA prathama varSa / itihAsa sudhAra va zorya pravartaka hai| khAravelakI prathama digvijaya / (1) inDo vaikTriyana va pArthiyana rAjadhAnImeM utsv| rAjya...................pRSTha 9 khAravelakA aakrmnn| vaikTriyana pArthiyana rAjya / / tana sutiyanahara va janapada sNkhyaa| rAjA menenDara va jainadharma / khAravelakI rAniyAM va putrlaabh| zaka va kuzana aakrmnn| khAravelakA magadhapara mAkramaNa / mahArAja ajesa va jainadharma / khAravelakA dAna vaIt pUjA / kAlkAcArya / . khAravelakA bhAratapara AkramaNa / samrAT knissk| magadhapara AkramaNa va vijaya / videzI AkramaNoMkA prabhAva / pAMDyadezake narezakI bheNtt| kuzana sAmrAjyameM jainadharma / tatkAlIna dshaa| jainadharmakA vizAla ruup| khAravelakA rAjya prabaMdha / chatrapa raajvNsh| khAravelakA rAjanaitika jIvana / chatrapa nhpaan| khAravelakA gArhasthya jIvana / nahapAna va jainazAstra / ,, jainadharma prabhAvanAke kaary| nahapAna hI bhUtabali dumA thaa|| jinavANIkA uddhaar| . chatrapa rudrasiMha jainii| khAravelakA zilAlekha / zaka smvt| nndaabd| 2pAnA

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raNA (10) kaliMgameM jainadharma / (4). gupta sAmrAjya va jainadharma88 khAravelakA aMtima jiivn| / guptavaMzakA candragupta prathama / khAravelakA gardabhilla vaMza hai| samudragupta / uDiyA granthoM meM khaarvel| candragupta dvitiiy| saMvatavAra vivrnn| cInI yAtrI phAhyAna / (3) anya rAjA va jainadharma....57 candragupta aura jainadharma / tatkAlIna jainadharma / guptavaMzake aMtima raajaa| ahicchatrake vaMzameM jaindhrm| gupta rAjyakI avanati / mathurAkA nAgavaMza aura jainadharma / tatkAlIna dharma va sAhitya / pAMcAla rAjyameM jainadharma / digambara jaina saMgha / kosAmbI rAjyameM jaindhrm| baMgakaliMgameM jainadharma / jaina rAjA puSpamitra / guptakAlakI kalA / usa samayake vyaapaarii| rAjA vikramAditya / hUNa rAjyA vikramAditya va jainadharma / yshodhrmaa| vikrama saMvat / (6) harSavardhanava huenasAMga-104 vikrama va viirsNvt| harSavardhana / digambara zvetAMbara sNghbhed| dhArmika udaartaa| di0 jaina saMgha va usake prabheda / sAmAjika paristhiti / di0 matAnusAra zve.kI utpatti / cInI yAtrI huyentsaaNg| tatkAlIna jaindhrm| tatkAlIna shikssaaprnnaalii| upajAtiyoMkI utpatti / (6) gujarAta jainadharma aura zve0 agravATa vaizya jaati| Agama graMthoMkI utpatti-112 khaMDelavAlakI utptti| prA. gujarAtameM jainadharma / mosavAla jAtikA prAdurbhAva / / itihAsakAlameM gu0kA jainadharma / lambakaMcuka jAtikA janma / / madhyakAla meM gu0 meM jainadharma /

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( 11 ) zve0 AgamakI utpatti zve0 bauddha graMthokA sAdRzya | haihaya va kalacUrI rAjA / cAlukya rAjA va jainadharma / rASTrakUTa vaMza meM jainadharma / cAvar3a rAjAoMke jaina kArya / solaMkI rAjA va janadharma | samrAT kumArapAla | kumArapAlakI sAmrAjyavRddha | jaina maMtrI vAhar3a | kumArapAla va jainadharma | kumArapAla va sAhityavRddhi / kumArapAlakA gArhasthya jIvana / solaMkI rAjyakA patana / vAghela vaMza aura jainadharma / vastupAla aura tejapAla / yAbUke jaina maMdira | vastupAlakA aMtima jIvana / zve0 dharmakA abhyudaya / digambara dharmakA utkarSa / (7) uttarI bhArata ke rAjya va jaina dharma............ rAjapUta aura janadharma / . 144 kannauja ke rAjA bhoja parihAra | vividha rAjavaMzoM meM jainadharma / gvAliyara ke rAjA va jainadharma | madhyabhAratameM jainadharma / rAjA Ila aura jenadharma / madhya prAnta meM jainadharma / dhArAkA rAjavaMza aura jainadharmava rAjA mu~ja aura jaina vidvAna | amitagati AcArya | rAjA bhoja aura jainadharma / dUvakuMDa ke kacchavAhe / naravarmA aura jainadharma / kavivara AzAdhara / baMgAla or3IsA meM jainadharma / or3IsA ke aMtima rAjA / rAjapUtAnA meM janadharma mevADa rANAvaMza meM jainadharma / mAravADa meM jainadharma | nATake cauhAna va jainadharma / rAThaur3oM meM jenavarma / maMDora ke pratihAra va jenadharma / vAgar3a prAnta meM jainadharma | ajamera ke cauhAna va janadharma | siMdhu - paMjAba meM jainadharma / tatkAlIna di0 jaina saMgha / ujjaina va vArAkA saMgha / prasiddha digambarAcArya / munidharma | gRhastha dharma / jainoM kI zuddhi | jainadharmakI upayogitA /

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paMkti zuddhAzuddhipatra / azuddha janazrati janazruti avajJAta avagata mUrtiyA~ murtiyoM 1932 1932, pp. 159-160 iMTikkA0 iMhikA0 22 : CWN : c do is Rtu 22 22 23 m Salisaka Salieuka Jaio Antiquary 'milindapAha' 'milinda-paNha' kAlAcArya kAlkAcArya Age par3ho 'pR0 233 a Ancient India, p. 143. 'zAunAnuzAu' 'zAhanAnu zAha' maMdirAdi maMdirAdiko 289 249 Jabors Jbors. XVI. P. 249. 459 45-459 rudrasiMha rudrasiMhakA kI thii| rakkhI thii| m nnn ln 4141220 am s m shdh gaye m mn h Dameterioo janapada s mamA m Deweterios jAnapada manA jAugar3ha zilAlekha www.umaragyanbhandar.com jADagar3ha zIlArekha Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat

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(13) aura viruddha viruda nAgavaMza nAgavazI 55-56 52-56 zAstroMko zAstroMke nahapAnako kizA kiyA 275-279 278-279 18 veM ___Shulbhadra's Sthulbhadra's 17 'kaThina hai' zabdake Age par3hoM "mUlameM digaMbara jainI apane prAcIna nAma nirgrantha se hI prasiddha rhe| zvetAMbara apaneko 'zvetapaTa' kahate the, parantu digaMbara taba 'nigraMtha ' nAmake hI abhihita the; jaise ki kAdaMbara vaMzI rAjAoMke tAmrapatra Adise pragaTa hai|" 19 (148-49) (1 / 48-49) bhUmUrti __ murti " seSita se bhUSita varNanane varNanase prana Matbera Mathura tathApi tathA 74 76 23 una zrI 88 16 honA 2797 vaNNadeva 981 malliSeSaNa Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat hotA 279) vappadeva malliSeNa www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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99 "" 99 "" " "" 103 33 "" 107 "" 125 1 133 138 145 147 14 15 16 20 M 30 23 108 23 109 21 115 116 121 4 2 22 13 24 11 23 22 19 21 ( 14 ) 8 jainadharma bhI usameM bhI gharoM ke upara sarakArI kiMtu .... AyA hai / kalkiA ukhakA bhA0 522 saMsthA meM pR0 671 1-12 nirmita saba saMghehi vImbara 119 bArayyA tatkAlIka 2 89 sacamukha 292 jJAnAvarNava "" 153 19 155 22-23 174 22 177 21 181 Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat mAprAe0 6-7-8 eDinevA0 zAstravidyA jainadharma usameM gharoM se apara yadyapi sarakArI X kalkikA usakA bhA0 13 pR0 522. saMsthAyeM kaMjAeI pR0 671 1-72 nirmita huA sayalasaMghei dhIzvara 114 bAppA tAtkAlIna . 1 84 sacamuca 242 jJAnArNava bhAvArA0 6 aMka 7-8 eDijevA 0 zastravidyA www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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saMketAkSara sUcI | prastuta graMthake saMkalana meM nimna granthoM se sahAyatA grahaNa kI gaI hai, jinakA ullekha nimna saMketarUpa meM yathAsthAna kiyA gayA haiadha0 = azauka ke dharmalekha - lekhaka zrI0 janArdana bhaTTa ema0 e0 ( kAzI, saM0 1980 ) / mahii0 = 'arlI hisTrI Apha inDiyA' - sara viMsenTa smitha ema0 e0 ( cauthI AvRtti ) / azoka 0 = azoka' le0 sara vinsenTa smitha ema0 e0 / Aka0=' ArAdhanA kathAkoSa ' le0 bra0 nemidatta (jainamitra Aphisa, surata ) / AjI 0 = AjIviksa - bhAga 1 DaoN0 venI mAdhava bAruA 0 DI0 liT ( kalakattA 1920 ) / AsU0='AcArAGga sUtra' mUla ( zvetAmbara Agama graMtha ) / ahii0 = oNksapharDa hisTrI oNpha inDiyA - visenTa smitha ema. e. ' iMai0 - inDiyana ainTIkerI ( traimAsika patrikA ) / iriI0 - insAyaklopeDiyA Apha rilIjana eNDa ithiksa hai sTrigsa / iMsejai0 = 'inDiyana sekTa oNpha dI jainsa' bulhara / iMhikabA0 - iMDiyana hisTorIkala kvArTalI saM0 DaoN0 narendranAtha laoN-kalakattA / uda0 = ' uvAsa gadasAo sutta0' - DA0 hArNale ( Biblo Indica). upu0va0 u. pu. = ' uttarapurANa' zrI guNabhadrAcArya va paM. lAlArAmajI / usU0 = ' uttarAdhyayana sUtra ' ( zvetAmbarIya Agama graMtha ) jAla kApeMTiyara ( upasalA ) / ei0 = ' epinephiyA iMDikA' |

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(16) eime0 yA meei0 enziyenTa inDiyA ejaDiskrAibDa bAI megasthanIja eNDa airiyn'-(1877)| eijai0 ena ipIToma oNpha jainIjma-zrI pUrNacandra nAhara em0e0| emikSadA0= enziyenTa miDa iMDiyana kSatriya TrAinsa ' DaoN0 vimalAcaraNa lA (klkttaa)| airi0=aiziyATika risarceja-sara viliyama jonsa (san 1799 va 1909) / ei0 enziyenTa iMDiyA ejaDiskAinDa bAI sTraibo maika kiMDala (1801) / kajAi0 kaniMghama, jAgaraphI oNpha eMziyenTa iMDiyA-(kalakattA 1924) / kali0= e hisTrI oNpha kanArIja liTrecara / I0 pI0 rAisa (H. L. S. 1921 ). kasU0 kalpasUtra mUla (zvetAmbarI Agama prnth)| kAle0 kAramAikala lekvasa DaoN0 DI0 Ara0 bhANDArakAra / kaihii0 kaimbrija hisTrI Apha iMDiyA ainziyenTa iMDiyA, bhA0 1-raipasana sA0 (1922) / gusApari0-gujarAtI sAhitya pariSad riporTa-sAtavIM / (bhAvanagara saM0 1982) / gaubu0='gautamabuddha' ke. je. sAnDarsa (H. L. S.) / camabha0='cadrarAja bhaDArI kRta bhagavAna mahAvIra' / javi moso0 janarala Apha dI bihAra eNDa oDIsA risaca sosaaittii'| jambU0=jambUkumAra caritra (sUrata vIrAbda 2440) /

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(17) jamIso0 janala Apha dI mIthika sosAiTI-baMgalora / jr|esaa0 janarala oNpha dI rAyala aisiyATika sosaayttii-lNdn| jaikA0= jaina kAnUna ' (zrI. campatarAya jaina vidyAbA. vijanaura 1928) / jaiga0=" jaina gajaTa ' aMgrejI (madrAsa ) / jaipra0=jainadharma prakAza bra0 zItalaprasAdajI (bijanaura 1927) / jaistU0-jainastUpa eNDa madara eNTIkaTIja oNpha mathurA-smitha / jaisAsaM0='jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka' mu0 jinavijayajI (puunaa)| jesibhA0-jana siddhAnta bhAskara zrI padmarAja jaina (klkttaa)| jaizi saM0='jaina zilAlekha saMgraha'-pro0 hIrAlAla jaina (mANikacandra grnthmaalaa| jaihi0 jaina hitaiSI saM0 paM0 nAthUrAmajI va paM0 jugalakizorajI (bambaI ) / jaisU0(Js.) jaina sUtrAja (S. E. Series, Tols. XXII & XLV ). TaoNrA0-TaoNDasA0 kRta rAjasthAnakA itihAsa (veDkeTezvara pres)| DijaivA0= e DikzanarI oNpha jaina bAyographI' zrI umarAvasiMha TaoNka (aaraa)| takSa0='e gAiDa TU takSazilA'-sara jAna mArazala (1918) / tatvArtha-tatvArthAdhigam sUtra zrI umAsvAti S. B. J. Vol. I tipa0= tilloya paNNatti' zrI yati vRSabhAcArya (jaina hitaiSI bhA0 13 aMka 12) / dijai0='di0 jaina mAsika patra saM0 zrI. mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApar3iyA (suurt)|

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(18) dIni0='dIghanikAya' (P. T. S.) / pari0 pariziSTa parva-zrI hemacandrAcArya / prAjalesa0prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha kAmatAprasAda jaina (vaa)| bavio jesmA 0- baMgAla, bihAra, or3IsA jaina smAreka-zrI brahma'cArI shiitlprsaadjii| jaismA0 bambaI prAMtake prAcIna jana smAraka bra0 shiitlprsaadjii| bui-buddhiSTa inDiyA-pro0 hrIsa DeviDsa / bhASA0=bhagavAn prAzvanAtha-le0 kAmatAprasAda jaina (suurt)| bhama0-bhagavAna mahAvIra- , " " bhamabu0 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura ma0buddha kAmatAprasAdra jaina (suurt)| bhamI0=bhaTTAraka mImAMsA (gujarAtI) sUrata / bhAI0-bhAratavarSakA itihAsa-DA0 IzvarIprasAda DI0 liTa (prayAga 1927) / bhAazo0=azauka-DaoN0 bhaNDAraka ( klkttaa)| bhAvArA0 - bhAratake prAcIna rAjavaMza zrI. vizvezvaranAtha reu (vNbii)| bhASAsai0=bhAratakI prAcIna samyatAkA itihAsa,sara ramezacaMdra dtt| manaii0 mAThI jaina itihAsa / mani0= 1 majisamanikAya P. T. S. majjhima0= mamaprajaismA0-madrAsa maisUrake prA0 jaina smAraka brshiitlprsaadjii| mahA0=mahAvagga (S. B. E. Vol. XVII). milindra0 milinda panha (S. B Vol. XXXV.) murA0-mudrArAkSasa nATaka-ina dI hindU DAmeTisa dasa, vilsn| mUlA0 mulAcAra vaTTakera svAmI (hindI bhASA sahita bmbii)|

Page #20
(19) maimazo0-azoka maikaphaila kRta ( H. L.S.). maibu0 mainyula Apha buddhijma- spenhaarddii)| ramA0 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra saM0pa0 jugalakizorajI (bmbii)| rAi0 rAjapUtAnekA itihAsa bhAga 1-10 ba0 paM0 gorIzaMkara hIrAcaMda ojhA / rii0 rilijama oNpha dI impAyara-( landana ) / lAmAma0=lAipha Apha mahAvIra lA0 mANikacaMdrajI (ilaahaabaad)| lAbhAi0=bhAratavarSakA itihAsa lA0 lAjapatarAya kRta (laahaur)| lAma0 lArDa mahAvIra eNDa adhara TIcasa Apha hija TAima-kAmatAprasAda (dillii)| lAvabu0-lAipha eNDa vasa Apha buddha ghoSa-DaoN0 vimalAcaraNa laoN0 (klkttaa)| vRjeza0-bRhad jaina zabdArNava-paM0 bihArIlAlajI caitanya / vira0 vidvad ratnamAlA-paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ( baMbaI ) / ava0 zravaNabelagolA, rA0 ba0 pro0 narasiMhAcAra ema0 e0 (mdraas)| zreca zreNika caritra (surt)| sanAmivA0 sara AzutoSa memoriyala vaoNlyUma (pttnaa)| sakau0 samyaktatra kaumudI (bNbii)| sajai0=sanAtana jaina dharma-anu0-kAmatAprasAda ( klkttaa)| saMjaiha0 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa pra ma bhAga kAmatAprasAda (suurt)| saDijai0=sama DisTinguisDa jainsa umarAvasiMha TAMka (aagraa)| saMprAjaismA0 saMyukta prantake pra cIna jaina smAraka-bra0 shiitl|

Page #21
(20) sasAijai0 sTaDIja ina sAutha iMDiyana jainijma pro. rAmAsvAmI mAyaMgara / sasU0 samrATa akabara aura sUrIzvara-muni vidyAvijayajI (maagraa)| sakSaTrAei0=sama kSatrI TrAibsa ina enziyanTa iMDiyA-DA0 vimalAcaraNa lA0 / sAmsa =sAmsa Apha dI bradarena / suni0 suttanipAta (S. B. E.) / hari harivaMzapurANa-zrI jinasenAcArya (klkttaa)| haoNjai0 haoNrTa Apha jainIjma miseja sTIvensana (lNdn)| hiAi0= ASHIREET hisTrI Apha dI Aryana rUla ina iMDiyA-haivela / higlI0=hisTorIkala glIningasa-DaoN. vimalAcaraNa lo| hiTe0=hindU Telsa-je0 je0 meyarsa / hiDrAva0=hindU DrAmeTika vaksa vilasan / hiprIiphi0=hisTrI Apha dI prI-buddhisTika iMDiyana philAsaphI bAramA (klkttaa)| hilina0=hisTrI eNDa liTrecara oNpha jainIjma-bAraudiyA (1809) / hivi0 hindI vizvakoSa nAgendranAtha vasu (klkttaa)| kSatroklensa kSatrIklensa ina buddhiSTa iMDiyA-DA. vimalAcaraNa lo|

Page #22
saMkSipta jaina itihaas| dvitIya bhAga-dvitIya khNdd| ( san 250 I0 pUrvase san 1300 I0 taka ) prAkkathana / itihAsakA kArya satya ghaTanAko prakaTa karanA hai / jo bAta jaise ghaTita hocukI hai. usakA vaisA hI itihAsakA mahatva / varNana karanA itihAsa hai / sAhitya jagatameM purAtana kathA, purANa. janazruti AdikA saMgraha itihAsa kahalAtA hai| satya usakA mUlAdhAra hai / satya itihAsa hI sajIva itihAsa hai aura vahIM itihAsa apane uddezyameM saphala hotA hai| mAnava jagata satya itihAsase hI ThIkara zikSA grahaNa kara sakatA hai| ataeva mAnava hitake liye yathArtha itihAsakA nirUpaNa honA atyanta Avazyaka hai / pratyeka ra TU aura jAtiko apane pUrvajoMkA vAstavika itihAsa jJAta honese. vaha apane gaurava, pratiSThA aura zaktiko prApta karaneke liye saceSTa hotA hai| itihAsa usa rASTra aura jAtimeM nayA jIvana, naI sphUrti aura naye bhAvoMko janma detA hai| vaha zikSita samAjameM eka yuga pravartakakA kArya karatA hai|

Page #23
2] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / itihAsake mahatvako bhulAkara koI bhI rASTra yA jAti jIvita nahIM raha sakatI / jainAcArya itihAsake mahakathA ora janazrati / tyase avajJAta rahe haiM / jaina vAGgamayameM ___ prathamAnuyoga ' kA astitva isI bAtakA dyotaka hai| kiMtu kahAjAsakatA hai ki kathAoM aura janazrutiyoMko vAstavika itihAsa kase mAnA jAya ? yaha zaGkA tathyahIna nahIM hai; kiMtu kisI rASTra yA jAtike itihAsako prakaTa karanevAlI kathAoM aura janazrutiyoMko yadi ekadama ThukarA diyA jAya , to phira usa rASTra yA jAtikA itihAsa kisa AdhArase likhA jAya ? ataeva zreyamAge yaha hai ki itihAsa-viSayaka kathAoM aura janazrutiyoko tabataka amvIkAra na karanA cAhiye jabataka ki vaha anya svAdhIna sAkSI-zilAlekha Adise asatya siddha na hojAya ! basa jaina kathAoM janazrutiyoM yA anya paramparINa mAnyatAoMko jaina jAtike itihAsa likhane meM bhulAyA nahIM jAsakatA ! isI bAtako dhyAnameM rakha karake hamane jaina kathAoM aura janazrutiyoMkA bhI upayoga isa itihAsake ligvanemeM kiyA hai / hAM, jahAMpara koI bAta itihAsase viruddha pratIta huI, vahAM usako amAnya yA prakaTa kara denA hamane ucita samajhA hai; kyoMki pakSapAta itihAsakA zatru hai / prastuta itihAsa likhanemeM hamane isa nItikA hI yathAsaMbhava pAlana kiyA hai| jaina itihAsa' jaina dharmAvalambiyoMkA itihAsa hai| ataH jaina dharma viSayaka isa itihAsameM jaina mahAprastuta itihAsa aura puruSoM, rAjA mahArAjAoM, AcArya-vidvAnoM, usakA mhtv| saMgha-gaNAdi sambandhI vizeSa ghaTanAoMkA

Page #24
prAkkathana / yathArtha paricaya aura usakA prabhAva bhinna 2 kAloMmeM tatkAlIna paristhitipara kaisA par3A thA, yaha saba kucha batalAnekA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isa itihAsako hamane 'bhA0 digambara jaina pariSada ' ke prastAvAnusAra kaI varSoM pahalase likhanA Arambha kiyA thaa| maubhAgya-vaza isakA prathama bhAga jisameM jainoMka purANavarNita mahApuruSoMkA varNana hai, san 1926 meM hI prakaTa hogayA thA ! usake lagabhaga chaha varSoMke pazcAt usake dUsare bhAgakA pahalA khaNDa vigata varSa pharavarI 1932 meM prakAzita huA thaa| dUsare bhAgameM I0 pUrva 600 me san 1300 takakA itihAsa likhanA iSTa hai| usa bhAgako tIna khaNDoMmeM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| pahale khaNDameM bha0 mahAvIrake samayase zuGgakAla takakA varNana likhA gayA hai| isa dasare khaNDameM tabase san 1300 takakA uttara bhAratase sambandha rakhanevAlA itihAsa prakaTa kiyA gayA hai va tIsare khaNDameM dakSiNabhAratakA inihAsa saMkalita karanA zeSa hai| - antima aMza prastuta itihAsakA tIsarA bhAga hogA aura usameM san 1300 ke uparAnta vartamAnakAla takakA itihAsa prakaTa karanA vAJchanIya hai| kintu prastuta itihAsako mAtra 'jaina itihAsa' samajhanA ThIka nahIM hai / vastutaH vaha jaina dRSTise likhA huA aura jainoMkI mukhyatAko liye hue bhAratavarSakA itihAsa hai| isa rUpameM hI usakA. mahatva hai| eka jijJAsu usako par3ha lenese jaina itihAsake sAtha 2 bhAratavarSake itihAsakA jJAna prApta kara saktA hai| usake atirikta jaina itihAsa viSayakA yahI apanI zreNIkA pahalA grantha hai| prastuta itihAsake prathama bhAga aura dUsare bhAgake prathama khaNDameM

Page #25
saMkSipta jaina itihAsa jainadharmake svarUpa, usakI prAcInatA aura cautIsa tIrthaGkara / usake mukhya cauvIsa tIrthaGkaroMke viSayameM bahuta kucha likhA jAcukA hai| usako yahAMpara duharAnA vyartha hai; kintu hAlameM cauvIsa tIrthaGkaroMke viSayameM eka naI zaGkA khar3I huI hai-unake astitvako kAlpanika kahA gayA hai| yadi yaha kathana kisI pramANake AdhAra para hotA-korI kalpanA na hotI, to ise kucha mahatva bhI diyA jAtA, parantu yaha nirAdhAra hai aura isase aisI koI bAta pragaTa nahIM hotI jisase cauvIsa tIrthaGkaraviSayaka mAnyatA bAdhita ho / pratyuta svAdhIna sAkSIse isa jaina mAnyatAkA samarthana hotA hai| bhAratIya zilAlekha, vaidika aura bauddha sAhitya usakA samarthana karate haiM, yaha pahale likhA jAcukA hai| hAlo 'moina-jo-daro' ke purAtatvapara jo prakAza par3A hai, vaha usa kAlameM arthAt Ajase lagabhaga pAMca hajAra varSa pahale jaina dharma aura usake sAtha jaina tIrthaGkaroMkA astitva pramANita karatA hai| vahAMse aisI nagna mUrtiyAM prApta huI haiM, jinakI AkRti ThIka jaina mUrtiyA~ sadRza hai aura unapara jaina tIrthaGkaroMke cihna baila Adi haiN| eka lekhameM spaSTataH 'jinezvara' bhagavAnakA ullekha hai| 1-"jainajagata' meM isI prakArakA lekha pragaTa kiyA gayA hai| 2-"saMkSipta jaina itihAsa" prathama bhAgakI prastAvanA tathA dvitIya bhAga prathama khaMDa pR.3 3-5 A standing Image of Jain Rishabha in Kayotsarga posture.........closely resembles the pose of the standing deities on the Indus seals. etc. etc." -Modern Reveiu, Ang. 1932 4-mudrA naM0 449 para 'jinezvara' zabda aGkita hai| dekho iMTikA, bhA0 8 inDasasIlsa pR0 18

Page #26
praakkthn| ina vAnako dekhakara vidvAna jainadharmakA sambandha unase sthApita karata haiN| isa mAkSIse teIsaveM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAthake bahuta pahale jainadharmakA astitva pramANita hotA hai| isa dazAmeM bha0 pAnAthaka pahale bhI tIrthakarokA honA Avazyaka hai| aba yadi unako kAlpanika mAna liyA jAya to I0 pUrva 8-9vIM zatAbdIke pUrva janmadharmakaH mattA na honI cAhiye / kintu yaha uparokta purAtatva viSayaka mAkSIse bAdhita hai| ataeva bha0 pArzvanAthaka pUrvavartI tIrthaGkarako vAstavika vyaktiyAM mAnanA ucita hai| jaina dharma eka matya arthAta vijJAna hai| satya hone ke kAraNa usakA vyavahArika honA lAjamI hai| vastutaH jainadhamakI vizeSatA / jaina itihAsa use eka aisA hI dharma pramA Nita karatA hai| hAM, jainiyoMkI vartamAna zAcanIya dazA hamArI isa vyAkhyAko eka atisAhasI-sA vaktavya darzAtI hai: kintu jarA dekhiye to Ajakalake bhAratIya dharmoke anuyAyiyoko! una dharmoka mUla siddhAMta kucha haiM aura unake anuyAyiyoMkA AcaraNa Aja kucha ora hai / jainI bhI apane dharmake mUla siddhAMtoMse bahuta kucha bhaTaka gaye haiN| unakA pUrva itihAsa aura dharmazAstra isa vyAkhyAkI mAkSI hai| udAharaNataH jainadharmake ahiMsA siddhAntaka ke lIjiye / Aja ina siddhAMtakI jaisI miTTI palIda jainiyoMne kI hai, ___I-Dr. Prar Nath writes in the Indian Hist : Quarterly (Vol. VIII No. 2 ) : "The names and symbols on Plater annexed would appear to disclose a connection between the ..old religious cults of the Hindus and Jainas with those of the Indus people."

Page #27
saMkSipta jaina itihaas| vasI zAyada hI kabhI huI hai| ahiMsA tatva mUlameM manuSyako zUravIra banAnevAlA hai| kintu Ajake jainI use kAyaratAkA janaka mAna rahe haiN| naubata yahAMtaka pahuMcI hai ki ahiMsAke jhUTha bhayake kAraNa jainI apanI, apane bAlabaccoM aura dhana sampatikI rakSA karane yogya bhI nahIM rahe haiM / kintu jaina itihAsako dekhiye; vaha kucha aura hI bAta batalAtA hai / ahiMsA aNuvratako pAlanevAle aneka jaina vIra aise huye haiM, jinhoMne deza aura dharmake liye agaNita yuddha race the| maurya samrATa caMdraguptane apane bhujavikramase apanA sAmrAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| unhoMne hI yUnAnI bAdazAha silyUkamako mAra bhagAkara bhAratakI khAdhInatAko akSuNNa rakkhA thA / samrAT sampratine deza-videzameM dharma-sAmrAjya sthApita karanekA udyoga kiyA thaa| usake uttarAdhikArI zAlisUkane saurASTrako apane asibalase vijaya karake vahAM jainadharmakA pracAra kiyA thA / ise unhoMne apanI mahAn 'dharmavijaya' kahA hai ! isI taraha kaliGga 1-hindU grantha 'gargasaMhitA' ke 'yugapurANa' meM yaha ullekha isa prakAra hai:-"tasmin puSpapure ramye janArAmazatAkule / RtukarmakSayAktaH zAlizUko bhaviSyati / sa rAjAkarmanirato duSTAtmA priyavigrahaH / saurASTramardayan ghoraM dharmavAdI hyadhArmikaH // svaM jyeSThaM bhrAtaraM sAdhu saMprati prathayan gaNaiH / khyApayiSyati mohAtmA vijayaM nAma dhArmikam // " dIvAnabahAdura pro0 ke0 dhruva isakA artha isa prakAra karate haiM: "In the beautiful city of Puspapura studded with bundreds of Public parks, there will arise Salisaka intent on the abolition of sacrificial ritual. That wicked king, addicted to wil deeds, taking pleasure in (religious ) squabbles, talking .

Page #28
mAkadhana | [ 7 cakravartI ela khAravene aneka saMgrAma meM apanA zaurya prakaTa karake dharmaprabhAvanA kI thii| unake bhavase yUnAnI bAdazAha damitraya bhArata chor3akara bhAga gayA thA / jaina bAra svAskhelane punaH svAdhIna bhAratakI pratiSThAko bAla bacA liyA yaha sahI vIra para mAMtmA zrAvaka the / candragupta to annameM jaina muni hogaye the / khAravelane kumArIparvata para ugrogra trata-upavAsako karake apaneko kSINa saMmRta banA liyA thA / ahiMsA ko unhoMne ThIka-ThIka samajhA thA aura usakA prakAza apane vyaktitvame khUba hI kiyA ! isI liye bhAratIya vidvAna jaina dharmako apane vAstavika rUpameM zaktizAlI dharma prakaTa karate haiM / vaha kahate haiM ki vaha karmavIroMkA dharma hai| akamaNya puruSoMkA nahIM ! vastutaH bAta bhI yahI hai / jainAcArya apane deza aura dharmake liye manuSyako kartavyazIla honekA upadeza dete haiN| eka zrAvakake liye vAtsalya dharma vaha hara taraha - jarUrata ho to asibalase bhI apane dharmAtmA bhAiyoMkI rakSA karanA religion but ( really ) irreligious, steeped in delusion; will terribly prosecute the people of Saurastra and proclaim the so-called Religious Conquest, contributing thereby to the glorification of the religiousness of his elder brother Samprati by sections of the Jain community." --Jbors, XVI p. 24. 1- Prof. Dr. B Seshagiri Rao, M. A., ph D., writes : "It appears to me that Jainism is a religion of strength......It is a worker's and not an idler's faith"-Jain Antiquary, I, 1. 2 - AcArya somadeva 'yazastilakacampU' meM kahate haiM: " yaH zastravRttiH samare ripuH syAt, yaH kaNTako vA nijamaMDalasya / astrANi tatraiva nRpAH kSipanti, na dIna- kAnIna - zubhAzayeSu // "

Page #29
<] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | - batalAte haiN| vastutaH jaina ahiMsA pratyeka zreNIke manuSya ke liye vyavahArya hai / vaha manuSya ke jIvana mArgakA nirmala aura nizaGka banAtI hai ! jabataka jainI usake vAstavika svarUpako grahaNa kiye rahe vaha khUba phale phUle / bha0 mahAvIra ke nikaTa prAyaH sAra bhAratane ahiMsA dharmakI dIkSA lI thii| bhAratIya rASTra saccA ahiMsaka itihAsa sudhAra aura vIra bana gayA thaa| phalataH bha0 mahAvIrakA zauryakA pravartaka hai / dharma vizeSa unnata huA thA aura videzI loga bhI bhArata vijayakI lAlasAse hatAza hokara apane2 dezoM ko lauTa gaye the / prastuta grantha meM jo itihAsa saMkalita haiM, vaha isa vyAkhyAko darpaNa-vat spaSTa karatA hai | hiMdU graMthoMkI sAkSI bhI isa kAlameM jaina dharmAtkarpakA samarthana karatI hai / yavana. zaka Adi videzI loga taka jainadharmakI zaraNa meM Aye the / hiMdU zAstrakAroMne inheM 'vRSala' kahakara apane dharmase bAhya prakaTa kiyA hai| ina saba bAtoMse spaSTa hai ki jainadharma vastutaH eka zaktijhAlI dharma haiM aura usake dvArA jagatakA kalyANa vizeSa huA hai / 66. artha - " jo raNAGgaNa meM yuddha karaneko sanmukha hoM athavA apane dezake kaNTaka- usakI unnatimeM bAdhaka hoM kSatriya vIra unhIMke Upara zastra uThAte haiM - dInahIna aura sAdhu AzayavAloMke prati nahIM " vizeSa ke liye dekho jana ahiMsA aura bhAratake rAjyoM para usakA prabhAva / " 1 - 'gargasaMhitA' ke ullekhase ki 'vRSala bhikSuka hoMge' (bhikSukA vRSalA loke bhaviSyanti na saMzayaH ' usa samaya brAhmaNotara sAdhuo kI bAhulyatA spaSTa hai| 2 - 'mAnavadharmazAstra' (10 / 43 - 44 ) meM pauNr3a, ur3a, dravir3a, kamboja, yavana, zaka Adiko brAhmaNa vimukha 'vRSala' huA likhA hai|

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inDA - vaikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana rAjya / [6 Ajakalake jainiyoMko prastuta itihAsa se dekhanA cAhiye ki unake pUrvajoMne kisa prakAra dharmakA gaurava pragaTa kiyA thA / jIva mAtrakA kalyANa karaneke liye unhoMne niHzaMka vRtti svIkAra kI thii| jainadharmakA mUla rUpa unake cAritra se spaSTa hai| Aja bhI unake AdakA anukaraNa karanA zreyaskara hai| prastuta pustaka pAThakoMke liye isa viSaya meM mArgadarzakakA kArya kare, yahI hamArI abhilASA hai | sacamuca itihAsakA kArya hI yaha hai / vaha sudhAra aura zauryakA pATha par3hAtA hai. murdA diloMmeM naye utsAha aura naye jozako jagAtA hai ! bhAratako Aja aise vIrabhAvotpAdaka dharmakI AvazyaktA hai ! bhArata- saMtAna apane vIra pUrvajAMko jAne aura unheM pahacAnakara unake parAcinhoM para calanekA prayatna kare, yahI bhAvanA hai| sacamuca :yaha the vaha vIra jinakA nAma sunakara joza AtA hai | goMmeM jinake aphasAnoMse cakkara khUna khAtA hai || " "" ( 1 ) inDo- vaikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana rAjya chatrapa va kuzana-sAmrAjya / (san 226 I0 pU0 se 206 I0) bhArata ke uttara meM yUnAniyoMne apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thA / samrAT candragupta ke varNana meM likhA baikTriyana aura pArthi- jAcukA hai ki milyUkasa nAikeTara bhAratase yana rAjya / parAsta hokara balakha AdikI ora lauTa gayA thA / san 269 I0 pU0 meM silyakasakI mRtyuke pazcAt usakA putra eNTiokasa rAjA huA parantu

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saMkSipta jaina itihaas| ayogya honeke kAraNa balakha (baikTriyA ) aura pArthiyAvAle san 250 I0 pU0 ke lagabhaga usase svAdhIna hogye| bhAratI sImApara sikandarake pazcAt ina yUnAniyoMke hamale barAbara hote rahe the, kintu silyUkasake bAda pahalA yUnAnI rAjA jisane paMjAbapara hamalA kiyA DimiTIasa thA / DimiTrIasane apanA adhikAra mathurA taka jamA liyA thA aura vaha magadhako bhI sara karanA cAhatA thA; kiMtu samrATa khAravelake bhayase vaha mathurA chor3akara calA gayA thA / * phalataH yUnAniyoMkA bhAratIya sImA paMjAba va siMdhupara adhikAra hogayA thaa| inameM menenDara nAmakA rAjA bahuta prasiddha thA / san 160 I0 pU0se san 140 I0 pU0 taka vaha kAbulakA zAsaka thaa| usane san 155 I0 pU0 ke nikaTa bhAratapara car3hAI kI thii| mi0 smithane isa ghaTanAkA samaya I0 pU0 175 mAnA hai| meneNDara (manendra) yA milindakA janma siMdhunada-vartI pradezameM arthAt 'dvIpa alasanda jise yUnAnI alerAjA menenDara va kajinDriyA kahate the, vahAM huA thA / uttara jainadharma pazcimI bhAratapara vijaya prApta karake menenDarane paMjAbake sAkala (syAlakoTa) nagarameM apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kI thI / sAkala usa samaya bar3A samRddhizAlI nagara thaa| jainadharmakA pracAra bhI vahAM vizeSa thA / bauddha-dharma vahAM usa samayake bAraha varSa pahalese nahIM thaa| bauddha bhikSu nAgasenane 1-bhAi0 pR0 77. * javimoso0 bhA0 16 pR0 258. 2bhAtArA0 bhA0 2 pR0 188. 3-pUrva0 pR0 189. 4-milinda. pR0 10.

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inDo-vaikTriyana aura inDA pArthiyana rAjya / [ 11 vahAM jAkara bauddha dharmakA pracAra kiyA thaa| sTrebone likhA hai ki menenDarane paTala ( sindha ) surASTra aura sagara Disa ( sAgara - dIpa kaccha ) taka adhikAra kara liyA thaa| usake zikke bhar3aucataka praca lita the aura usakI senA rAjapUtAnA taka pahuMcI thI / menenDara bIra honeke sAtha hI zAstrajJa bhI thA / plUTArkane use eka anyanna nyAyavAna rAjA likhA hai / vaha itanA lokapriya thA ki isakI mRtyu ke pazcAta logoMne usakA bharamAvazeSa Apasa meM bAMTakara usapara stupa banAe the| menenDarakA adhikAra madhurA, mAdhyamikA : cittaurake nikaTa) aura sAketa dakSiNI avadha ) taka hogayA thA / kintu gaMgA ke AsapAsa vAle pradezoMmeM usakA rAjya adhika dinoMtaka nahIM. rahA thA / pAtanjalI ke mahAbhAvyameM yavanoM dvArA sAketa aura madhyamikAke gherekA ullekha hai / ! saMbhavataH yaha ullekha maiMnenDara ke AkramaNako lakSya karake likhA gayA hai kyoMki yaha car3hAI pAtaMjalike samaya meM huI thI / ' jaSTina menenDarako bhAratakA rAjA likhatA hai| bauddhagrantha 'milinda pAha' se patA calatA hai ki bhikSu nAgasena ke upadezase menenDarane bauddha dharma grahaNa kara liyA thA kintu bauddha hone ke pahale usakA jaina honA bahuta kucha saMbhava hai / usane jina dArzanika siddhAMtoMpara nAgasena ke. sAtha bahasa kI thI. vaha ThIka jainoMke anusAra haiM ! svayaM 'milinda paNha' meM kathana hai ki pAMcasau yUnAniyoMne rAjA menenDarase bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharma dvArA manastuSTi karanekA Agraha kiyA thA aura menenDara ne 1 - bhAprArA0 bhA0 2 pR0 142 - 143. 2 - vizeSa ke liye dekho 'vIra' varSa 2 pR0 446 - 449.

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saMkSipta jaina itihaas| unakA yaha Agraha svIkAra bhI kiyA thaa| usake adhikArameM Ae hue nagara madhyamikAke bhagnAvazeSoMmeMse ekase adhika jainadharma sambaMdhI lekha nikale haiN| ina saba bAtoMse manenDarakA eka samaya jainadharmAvalaMbI honA pragaTa hai| usake yUnAnI sAthiyoMmeM bhI jainadharmakI mAnyatA vizeSa thii| isa samayake lagabhaga jaina samrAT khAravela dvArA jainadharmakA bahu pracAra huA thA / jaina dharmakA prakAza jagatavyApI horahA thA / isase thor3e samaya pazcAt yUnAniyoMko sithiyana-jAtike logoMne jinako bhAratIya zaka kahate the. baikTriyAse zaka va kuzana nikAla diyaa| sAtha hI zaka logoMne maurASTra aakrmnn| paMjAba aura aphagAnistAnapara bhI apanA adhikAra jamA liyA / zaka rAjA moAke rAjyameM paMjAba aura aphagAnistAna zAmila the| dhIre dhIre zakoMkI eka zAkhAne. jise yUcI kahane the. 150 I0 pU0 ke karIba baikTriyAko jIta liyA aura vaha vahAM pAMca janasamUhoMmeM baMTa gaI / inameMse eka kuzanane sArI jAtikA saMgaThana karake use eka banA liyA aura paMjAba tathA aphagAnistAnapara apanA adhikAra sthApita kara liyaa| phira kAlAntarameM zakoMne saurASTra . mAlavA. mathurA, takSazilA Adi dazoMmeM bhI apanA Adhipatya jamA liyA thaa| zaka rAjA moAkA ullekha Upara kiyA jAcukA hai| usakA uttarAdhikArI ejesa (A zex 1) prathama thA. kintu usake viSayameM kucha adhika varNana nahIM milatA hai; yadyapi isameM saMzaya nahIM ki usakA rAjya dIrgha aura samRddhizAlI thaa| . 1-milinda0 108. 2-rAI0 pR0 358. 3-higlI0 pR0 78. 4-bhAi0 pR0 78.

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inDo- vaikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana rAjya / | 13 saMbhavata: ajesake parAkramase hI zaka rAjyakA Adhipatya tamAma uttara pazcimI bhArata meM jamanA nadI taka sthApita hogayA thA / usane kSatrapa' niyata karake pArasya dezakI rAjanItikI taraha apanA zAsana vyavasthita kiyA thaa| usake sikkoMpara 'maharajasa rajarajasa mahAtasa ayasa athavA 'maharajasa rajadirajasa mahatasa ayasa' yA ' maharajasa nahatasa zramikasa rajadirajasa ayasa lekha milate haiN| mahArAjA ajesa ke samaya ( I0 pUrva prathama zatAbdi ) meM takSazilA meM jainadharma unnanipara thaa| usa samaya ke bane hue kaI jaina stRpa vahAM Aja bhI bhagnAvazeSa haiN| eka stUpake bhItarase nahArAjA ajesake ATha tAMbeke sikke, aura eka choTIsI sonekI DibiyA. jisameM asthi - aMza svarNake TukaDe aura hAthIdAMta evaM pASANa maNikAyeM rakhe huye the, nikale the| ina stUpoMkI banAvaTa ThIka mathurA ke jaina stUpakI banAvaTake samAna haiM / inhIM stUpoMke pAsavAlI imAratoM meM se eka lekha aremika (Aramaic) bhASAkA IsavIsanse pUrvakA nikalA hai / bhAratameM isa lipi aura isa bhASAqA yahI eka lekha hai / hatbhAgya se yaha abhItaka ThIka 2 par3hA nahIM gayA hai| DaoN0 bAneMTa aura pro0 kaulI isameM eka hAthIdAMtake mahalake banavAne kA ullekha huA batalAte haiM / kintu eka dhArmikasthAna - stUpa ke nikaTa mahalakA bananA kucha ThIka nahIM jaMcatA ! saMbhavataH yaha mahala 'jina prasAda' arthAt jaina maMdirakA dyotaka hogA / 3 mahArAja ajesake samaya meM jainadharma | , 1- takSa0 pR0 13. 2- bhAprArA0 bhA0 2 pR0 196. 3-takSa0 pR0 76-80.

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | zaka loga jaina-dharma ke prati sadbhAva rakhate the. yaha bAta zvetAMsvara jaina granthoMke kAlkAcArya kathAnaka ' : kAlkAcArya ke samayameM ujjainakA rAjA gardabhilla thA / usane apanI viSayalampaTatA ke vaza ho. kAlkAcAryakI bahina AryikA sarasvatIko balAtkAra apanI strI banAliyA / kAlAcAryako rAjAkA yaha anyAya aura pApakRtya asa hogayA / unhoMne anyAyakA viccheda karaneke liye zAkadeza ( saistana Seistan) kI ora prayANa kiyA aura vahAMke zakarAjAoMse maitrI karalI / zakoMke rAjA ' sAhANusAhi 'ne unheM rAjadroha ke aparAdhameM daNDa denA cAhA / una zakoMne kAlakAcAryakA kahanA mAnA aura i0 pU0 123 ke lagabhaga 96 zAhI (zaka) kula sindhu nadIko pAra karake saurASTrameM Ajame / unameM se eka unakA rAjA ho gayA / kAlakane use ujjainIpara AkramaNa karaneke liye utsAhita kiyA / zakarAjAne kAlkAcAryake Agraha se ujjainIpara . I0 pU0 100 meM hamalA kiyaa| gardabhillake pApakA ghar3A bhara gayA thA / vaha zaka senAke sAmane Tika na sakA / maidAna chor3akara bhAMga gayA / phalataH zakarAjA ujjaina athavA mAlavAke zAsanAdhikArI huye / kAlkAcAryakA unhoMne Adara kiyaa| AryikA sarasvatIkI bhI mukti hogaI / vaha prAyazcitta grahaNa kara punaH dhyAna lIna hogaI / vidvAn loga isa kathAnakako saccA mAnate haiN| usa samaya arthAt IsavI pUrva 14 ] kAcArya | 1 se bhI spaSTa hai| 1 - prabhAvaka caritra (1909 bambaI ) pR0 36-46 va javi - oso0 bhA0 16 pR0 290 2 - kaihi i0 pR0 167-8 va 532-3; alAhAbAda yUnIvarsiTI sTaDIja bhA0 2pR0 148 javimoso0 bhA0 16.

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inDo-paikTriyana aura inDA pArthiyana raajy| [15 prathama zatAbdimeM bhAratIya zakarAjA 'zAunAnuzAu nAmaka upAdhi grahaNa karate the: yaha bAta itihAsasiddha hai| ataH kAlaka kathAnakase bhI 'jaina dharmake prati zaka logoMkI sahAnubhUti' honA prakaTa hai| ina zakoMkA rAjya I0 pUrva 100 me 58 taka uttara va pazcimI bhAratameM rahA thaa| kuzanavaMzameM kaniSka sabase pratApI rAjA thaa| usane apane parAkramasa cIna Adi kaI dezoMko jItA aura samrATa knissk| sAmrAjyakA vistAra bar3hAyA thaa| vaha san 78 I0 meM rAjasiMhAsanapara ArUr3ha huA aura usakA adhikAMza samaya yuddha karanemeM bItA thA / pezAvara (puruSapura) usakI rAjadhAnI thii| vahIMse vaha apane sAre rAjyakA prabandha karatA thAH jisameM pazcimameM phArasa takakA kucha hissA aura pUrva meM samasta uttarIya bhArata pATaliputra taka sammilita thaa|' kahate haiM ki gaddIpara baiThaneke kucha dinoM bAda kaniSkane bauddha dharma dhAraNa kiyA thaa| usake rAjyakAlameM vauddha saMghakI eka sabhA huI thI; jisake nirNayake anusAra uttarIya bhAratake bauddha loga mahAyAna-sampradAyavAle kahalAne lage the aura dakSiNa 'hInayAna' sampradAyake nAmase prasiddha hue the| kaniSkane bauddha dharmakA khUba pracAra kiyA thaa| usake samayameM bhAratIya vyApArakI bhI khUba vRddhi huI thii| kaniSka vidyAvyasanI thA aura usane kaI imArateM banavAI thiiN| takSazilAke nikaTa usane eka rAjadhAnI banavAI thii| vaha Aja sarasukha TIleke nIce dabI par3I hai| yamunAke kinAre mathurAke nikaTa bhI usane bahutasI 1-bhAi0 pR0 79-81.

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16 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / imArateM banAI thIM / mathurAke pAsase kaniSkakI eka suMdara narti nikalI hai| kaniSkakA rAjavaidya AyurvedakA prasiddha vidvAna caraka thA / prabhAva / yadyapi bhAratameM yUnAniyoM aura zakoMkA rAjya rahA thA aura ve loga yahAM para basa bhI gaye the; parantu unakI videzI AkramaNoMkA yUnAnI yA romana sabhyatAkA prabhAva bhArata para prAyaH nahIMke barAbara par3A thA / vidvAn kahate haiM ki bauddha dharmapara avazya usakA kucha prabhAva par3A thA / kintu brAhmaNa aura jaina dharmopara usakA asara kucha bhI nahIM par3A thaa| yUnAnI bhASA kabhI bhAratameM lokapriya nahIM huI aura na bhAratiyoMne yUnAniyoMke veSabhUSA aura rahana sahanako hI apanAyA thA ! hAM, bhAratakI sthApatya, Alekhya aura takSaNa vidyApara usakA kiMcit prabhAva par3A thA, parantu vaha nahIMke barAbara thaa| sacamuca usa samayake bhAratIyoMke liye yaha bAta bar3e gauravakI hai ki unhoMne apanI prAcIna Arya saMskRti aura sabhyatAko akSuNNa rakkhA / videziyoM ke samparka meM rahate huye bhI vaha unake dvArA tanika bhI prabhAvita nahIM huye / pratyuta unhoMne apanI saMskRti aura dharmakA aisA prabhAvazAlI asara una logoMpara DAlA ki ve usapara mugdha hogaye aura unameM se adhikAMza brAhmaNa, bauddha athavA jainamatako grahaNa kara liyA aura dhIre 2 vaha saba mila julakara hindU janatAmeM ekameka hogaye / kaniSka aura usake uttarAdhikAriyoM - huviSka aura vAsudevake 1- lAbhAi0, pR0 197 - 204 / 2- ahii0 pR0 429 va lAbhAi0 pR0 203 /

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inDo vaikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana raajy| [17 gajakAlameM jaina dharmakI unnati vizeSa huI thI / mathurA usa samaya jainadharmakA mukhya kendra thA / vahAM kujhana sAmrAjyameM jaina para bhagavAna pArzvanAthajI ( I0 pU0 9. vI. dharmakA utkrss| zatAbdi ) ke samayakA eka jaina stupa vidyamAna thA / aura bhI kaI stUpa aura jaina maMdira the| mathurAke bhagnAvazeSoMpara I0 pU0 san 150 se san 1023 I. takake zilAlekha mile haiM; kintu yaha bhI vidita hai ki I0 pU0 san 150 se bhI pahalekA eka jaina maMdira mathusameM thA; jisakI vastuoMko naye maMdiroMke kAmameM lAyA gayA thaa| aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki jainiyoMkA utkarSa vahAMpara IsavI solahavIM zatAbditaka rahA thA / uparAMta musalamAnoM dvArA jainoMkA yaha nIrtha aura usake darzanIya prAcIna sthAna naSTa karADAle gaye / yahAMkI kArIgarI bar3I manamohaka aura sundara hai / / ina dharmAyatanoMko rAjA aura raMka sabane banavAkara punya saMcaya kiyA thA / jahAM eka ora kauzika kSatriyoM dvArA nirmita AyAgapaTakA ullekha milatA hai vahAM dUsarI ora nRtaka evaM gaNikAoM dvArA banavAye gaye AyAgapaTa aura jaina maMdira milate haiN| inameM proSThala aura sAkya kSatriyoMke liye kAlarUpa gotiputrakA nAma ullekhanIya hai| inakI putrI kauzika vaMzakI zivamitrA nAmaka thIM: jinhoMne jaina maMdirameM eka AyAgapaTa nirmita karAyA thaa| isI prakAra hAritI putra pAlakI strI kautsI amohanIne arhat pUjAke liye AryavatI - 1-ahii0 pR0 318 va kahii0 pR0 167. 2-jaistUpa0 pR0 13. 3-vIra varSa 4 pR0 297. 4-eI0 bhA0 1 pR0 394-396 2

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18] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / banavAI thii| inake atirikta bhagnAvazeSoMmeM aGkita citroM jaise-rAjachatra lagAye kisI rAjAko jaina sAdhukA upadeza denA, nAgakumAroM (zakoM) kA vinIta bhAvase upadeza zravaNa karanA athavA pUjA karanA ityAdise janatAke sAdhAraNa aura vizeSa manuSyoM tathA videziyoMke madhya jaina dharmakI mAnyatA honekA paricaya milatA hai' / "jambUkumAra carita " se vahAM pAMcasause adhika stUpoMkA honA pragaTa hai / / usa samaya bhI jainadharma apane vizAla rUpako dhAraNa kiye __ huye thaa| jina videziyoMko ghRNAkI dRSTise jainadharmakA vishaalruup| hindU loga dekhate the, unako bauddha aura jainAcAryoM ne apane 2 matameM dIkSita kiyA thaa| uparAnta ina donoM dharmokI dekhAdekhI brAhmaNoMne bhI apane matakA pracAra ina videziyoM meM kiyA thA / jaina zAstroMmeM sarva prakArake manupyoMke liye dharma sAdhana karanekA vidhAna maujUda hai| mleccha bhI yathAvasara Arya hojAtA hai aura vaha muni hokara mokSa lAbha karatA hai| mathurAke purAtatvase jainadharmakI isa vizAlatAkA patA calatA hai| videzI zaka Adi loga jainadharmayukta hue the aura naTa, vezyA Adi jAtiyoMke loga bhI arhata bhagavAnakI pUjAke liye jinamaMdira Adi nirmita karAkara dharmopArjana karate the| ina maMdirAdi vividha vyaktiyoMkA dAna kahA gayA hai| 1-vizeSake liye dekho " vIra " varSa 4 pR0 294-311. 2-anekAnta 1 pR0 140. 3-labdhisAra gAthA 195 veMkI TokA pR0 241 va vizAla jaina saMgha nAmaka hamArA TrekTa dekho| 4 vIra varSa 4 pR0 311.

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inDo-paikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana raajy| [19 ~~~~~~ yaha bhI mAlama hotA hai ki tabataka vivAha kSetrakI vizAtAmeM bhI koI saMkoca nahIM huA thaa| vaNika siMhakakA vivAha eka kauzika vaMzIya kSatrANIse huA thA / abataka vaizya jAtikI upajAtiyoMkA pracAra nahIM thA aura loga cAra varNoM kI apekSA hI eka dUsarekA ullekha karate the| kintu isa purAtatvame usa samaya arthAta I0 pU0 prathama zatAbdime I0 dUsarI zatAbdi taka jaina saMghameM jo uthala-puthala macI huI thI. usakA khAsA paricaya hotA hai| isakA vizeSa varNana digambara aura zvetAMbara bhedakA jikara karate huye Age kiyA jAyagA / 'digambara' apaneko prAcIna 'nirgrantha' nAmase saMbo. dhita karate the| pahale kahA jAcukA hai ki inDoM baikTriyana rAjAoMne prAMta prAMtameM chatrapa niyata karake zAsana prabandha chatrapa raajvNsh| kiyA thaa| kuzana kAlameM yaha chatrapa legA uttara pazcimI bhAratake kuzana rAjAke sUbedAra the| kintu antameM inakA prabhAva itanA bar3hA ki mAlavA. gujarAta, kAThiyAvAr3a, kaccha, siMdha, uttara koMkaNa aura rAjapUtAneke mevADa, mAravAr3a, sirohI, jhAlAvAr3a, koTA, paratApagar3ha, kizanagar3ha, DUMgarapura, vAMsavAr3A aura ajamera taka inakA adhikAra hogayA / I0 pU0 pahalI zatAbdise I0 cauthI zatAbdi taka bhAratameM chatrapake tIna mukhya rAjya the; do uttarI aura eka pazcimI bhaartmeN| takSazilA arthAt uttara pazcimI paMjAba aura mathurAke chatrapa 'uttarI chatrapa" tathA pazcimI bhAratake chatrapa 'pazcimI chatrapa' kahalAte the| yaha mUlameM 1-vIra varSa 4 pR0 301.

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27 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | zaka jAti ke the aura pahale pahala vivAha sambandha kevala apanaH jAtimeM karate the / kiMtu uparAMta yaha loga jaina aura bauddha dharma meM dIkSita hogaye the / vaidika dharmako bhI ina logoMne apanAyA thA / kSatriyoMke sAtha inakA vaivAhika sambandha bhI hone lagA thA / chatrapa nahapAna / chatrapa vaMzameM nahapAna nAmakA rAjA bahuta prasiddha thA / usakA samaya I0 prathama zatAbdise IsvI prathama zatAbdi taka vidvAn anumAna karate haiM / usakI 'rAjA' aura 'mahAchatrapa' upAdhiyAM thI jo use eka svAdhIna rAjA pragaTa karatI haiM / nahapAnakA rAjya sujarAta, kAThiyAvAr3a, kaccha, mAlavA, nAsika Adi dezoMpara thA / usakA jamAtA RSabhadatta usakA senApati thA / nahapAna bhramakakA uttarAdhikArI thA / isa bhUmakake sikkoMmeM eka ora siMha va dharmacakra tathA brAhmI akSaroMkA lekha aGkita milatA hai| yaha cihna jainatvake botaka haiN| bhUmakake darabArakI bhASA bhI prAkRta thI / nahapAna nissandeha jaina dharmAnuyAyI thA / digambara aura zvetAMbara donoM hI jaina sampradAyoMke zAstroMmeM usakA varNana milatA hai / zrI jinasenAcAryane usakA ullekha ' naravAha ' nAmase kiyA hai aura usakA rAjyakAla 42 varSa likhA hai; jo I0 pUrva 58 taka anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| jaina zAstroMmeM nahapAnakA ullekha 'naravAhana' 'narasena' 'nahavANa' yadi rUpameM huA milatA hai / nahapAnakA eka viruda 'bhaTTAraka' thA I I 1- bhAprArA0 bhA0 150 2-3. 2- bhAvArA0 bhA0 1 pR0 12- 13. 3 - javioso0 bhA0 16 pR0 289 4 - rAi0 bhA0 1 pR0 103.

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inDo-caikTriyana aura inDA pArthiyana rAjya / [ 21 yaha zabda jaina meM vizeSa rUr3ha hai / usake jamAtAkA nAma RSabhadata bilkula eka jaina nAma haiM / ina saba bAtoMko dekhate hue ina zakoMko jaina dharmamukta mAnanA anucita nahIM hai / nahapAna nissanda jaina zAstroMkA naravAhana haiN| Adhunika vidvAna bhI isa vyAkhyAko svIkAra karate haiM re / isa avasthAmeM nahapAnako jaina zAstrAnusAra jainI mAnalenA ThIka hai / AMbara jaina zAstra : zrI Avazyaka sUtra bhASya ' se pragaTa hai 3 ki " bhRgukaccha meM nahavANa (saMskRtarUpa naranahapAna va jainazAstra | vAhana) nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thA / usake pAsa akhUTa dhana - koSa thA / usake sAtha hI pratiSThAnapura ( vartamAn paiThana ) meM eka sAlivAhana nAmakA rAjA thA. jisakI senA ajeya thI / zAlivAhanane nahavANakI rAjadhAnIko I-Rishabhadatta is purely a Jaina mame: 'given by Rishabha (The Tirthankara)' -JBORS. XVI 250. 2--"I need hardly say that Nahavana stands for Nahapana. -M M. K. P. Jayswal., JABORS XVI. paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI bhI 'nahatrANa' ko 'nahapAna' batAte haiM / 0 bhA0 13 80 534. jahi 0 3- ' maruyacchre Nayare nahavAhaNo rAyA kosasamiddho' Avazyaka sUtrabhASya | isakA saMskRta rUpa abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa meM (bhA0 550 383 ) meM yoM diyA hai : 'bharukacchapure'trA''sId bhUpatirnaravAhanaH // 1 tapAgacchakI eka prAkRta paDAvalImeM nAhavAhaNakA ullekha ' nahavANa' rUpameM huA hai / isIliye hamane nahavANa likhA hai / (jaisA saMbhA0 1 aMka 4 pR0 211) jAyasavAlajIne bhI yahI zabda prayukta kiyA hai| (javioso0, 16 50 283 ).

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22] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| A gherA; kiMtu dhanabalake samakSa usakI dAla na galI / vaha do varSa taka bhRgukacchakA gherA DAlakara hatAza paiThaNako vApasa calA gayA / sAlivAhanakA maMtrI nahavANake yahAM ArahA; usane nahavANakA dhana dharmakAryameM khUba vyaya karAyA / aneka dharmasthAna banavAye aura khUba dAna-puNya kiyA / sAlivAhanane bhRgukacchapara phira AkramaNa kiyA aura abakI usakI manacetI huii| nidravya nahavANa usake sAmane Tika na sakA / isa saMgrAmameM usakA sarvathA nAza hogayA / Ava zyaka sUtra bhASyakI isa kathAko mama0 zrI kAzIprasAdajI jAyasagala sthUla rUpameM vAstavika aura tathyapUrNa mAnate haiM / vaha nahavANa ( naravAhana ) ko kSatrapa nahavAna aura sAlivAhanako AndhravazIya gautamI putra zAtakarNI siddha karate haiM, jisakI rAjadhAnI paiThaNa thii| nahapAnake senApati RSabhadatta dvArA likhAye gaye nAsikavAle zilAlekhameM bhRgukaccha, dazapura, govardhana aura surapAraka nAmaka nagaroMmeM dharmasthAnoMko banavAnekA bhI ullekha hai / gargasaMhitA' se zakoMkA ati lAlacI honA pragaTa hai| sahapAna hI bhatabalI jAyasavAlajI gautamI putra zAtakaNIko kI prasiddha rAjA vikramAditya siddha karate haiM; AcAya huA thaa| jinhoMne I0 pUrva 58 meM zakoMkoM parAsta 1-'so viNaTTho, naTuM nayaraMpi gahiyaM' (saMskRta= nirdavyatvAnanAza saH') isa padase naravAhanakI mRtyu huI kahanA ThIka nahIM jNctaa.| bAlka naravAhanake rAjatvakA nAza humA mAnanA ThIka hai| yaha kathA 'javioso' bhA0 16 pR0 283-294 se uddhRta kI gaI hai| 2-Ep. Ind. VIII p. 78. 3-javimoso0 16 pR0 284.

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inDo-caikTriyana ora inDo pArthiyana raajy| [23 kiyA thA / ukta saMgrAma isa ghaTanAkA hI dyotaka hai / udhara digambara jaina zAstra * zrutAvatAra ' meM bhI eka naravAhana rAjAkA ullezvaH haiM / isake viSayameM vahAM kathana hai ki vaha vAMmi dezakI vasundhaga nagarIkA rAjA thA / usakI murUpA nAmaka ganIke koI putra nahIM thA, jisake kAraNa vaha duHkhI rahatI thI / rAjazreSTI nubuddhike kahanese naravAhanane padmAvatI devIkI pUjAkI aura puSyodayame usake eka putra huA / usakA nAma padma rakkhA gayA / naravAhanane isa harSa ghaTanAke upalakSameM sahasrakRTa evaM anya aneka jina maMdira banavAye / dharma prabhAvanAke liye gthayAtrAyeM nikalavAI / kAlAMtarameM naravAhanake rAjanagarameM eka jaina saMgha aayaa| jisameM usakA mitra magadhakA rAjA muni thA / usake upadezase naravAhana muni hogaye / subuddhi zreSTI bhI muni hogyaa| ye hI donoM muni girinagara (jUnAgar3ha) dharasenAcAryake nikaTa Agama zAstrakI vyAkhyA sunaneke liye gaye the / ume sunaleneke pazcAt unhoMne aMkalezvarapura (bhaDoca-bhRgukaccha) meM ghaTakhaNDAgama zAstrakI racanA kI thii| ye kramazaH bhUtabali aura puppadanta nAmase prasiddha hue the" / yaha kathA ukta zvatAMbara kathAse nitAMta 1-javioso016 pR0 251-282. 2-siddhAMtasArAdisaMgraha (mA0 graM0) pR0 316-318. 3-'girinagarasamIpe guhAvAsI dharasenamunIzvaro'grAyaNIpUrvasya yaH paMcamavastukastasya turyyaprAbhRtasya zAstrasya vyAkhyAnaprAraMbha kariSyati |............bhuutblirnaamaa naravAhano munirmakizyati............sadbuddhiH puSpadaMtanAmA munirbhaviSyati / . ............ tanmuniyaM aMkalesurapure gatvA matvA SaDaMgaracanAM kRtvA zAstreSu likhaapy....ityaadi|" -vibudhazrIdharakRta: zrutAvatAra |

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24 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | vilakSaNa hai / kintu deza, nagara va rAjAke nAma isa kathAkA lIlA kSetra bhRgucchake AsapAsa hI pragaTa karate haiM / dezakA ' vAMmi ' nAma anokhA hai | yaha zabda saMbhavata: nAgoM ke vAsa bAmIkA dyotaka hai; jisase bhAva usa pradezake hosakate haiM ki jisameM nAgaloka rahane hoM / siMdha- kacchavartI dezako yUnAniyoMne nAgoM ke kAraNa pAtAla nAma diyA bhI thA / nAga logoM ke mUla sthAna rasAtala (madhya eziyA) ke do bhAga meM zaka loga rahate the| isI kAraNa bhRgukacchake AsapAsake dezako nAgoM zakAdike vAsasthAna rUpameM digaMbarAcArya 'vAMgI' nAmase ullikhita karate haiN| nissandeha vaha bhRgukacchavartI deza honA cAhiye: kyoMki girinagara - aMkalezvara Adi nagara usIke pAsa haiM / 'gargasaMhitA' meM nahapAnakI rAjadhAnIkA ullekha 'pura' rUpameM huA hai; jisase spaSTa hai ki vaha eka prasiddha aura samRddhizAlI nagara thA / vastutaH prAcIna kAlameM bhRgukacchakI aisI hI sthiti rahatI thI / isa avasthA meM usakA ullekha vasuMdharA rUpameM karanA anucita nahIM hai| ukta zvetAMbara kathA nahavANa (nahapAna ) kA sampUrNa caritra pragaTa karaneke liye nahIM likhI gaI hai, balki mAyA zalyake dravyapraNidhi bhedake udAharaNa rUpameM usakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vaise hI 'zrutAvatAra' meM bhI digambara jaina Agama granthake likhe jAnekI ghaTa 3 * " 1 - iMhikA0 bhA0 1 pR0 459 2 - javimoso0, 24 / 408. 'svakaM puraM' / 3 -bhagukaccha bauddhakAla se eka prasiddha candaragAha aura lATa dezakI rAjadhAnI rahA hai | banAsnA0, pR0 20 4 - 'mAyAyAm ' sA ca dvivA - dravyapraNidhiH bhAvapraNidhizca / tatra dravyapraNivI udAharaNam.... abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa, javiooso, bhA0 16 pR0 291.

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inDA vaikTriyana aura inDA pArthiyana raajy| [25 nAko vyakta karaneke liye nAvANa (naravAhaNa) kA AMzika varNana hai| usase bhI nahavANa (naravAhaNa) dvArA dharmasthAnake banane va dAna puNya karanekA samarthana hotA hai| saMbhavata: naravAhaNa rAjyacyuta honepara digambara muni hogayA thA / gajabhraSTa honepara vaha karatA bhI kyA ? jaba ki usako vairAgyakA sAdhana milarahA thA / itihAsase yaha bhI pragaTa haiM ki liyaka (Liska) nAmaka eka vyakti saMbhavataH nahapAnakA putra thA. jisane unara bhAratameM jAkara takSilAmeM I0 10 45 meM apanA rAjya jamAyA thA / zrutAvatAra kathA naravAhana (na.bANa) kI DhalatI umarameM eka putrakA honA pragaTa karatI hai; kyoMki adhika vayataka jaba naravAhaNake putra nahIM huA taba hI usane ukta prakAra padmAvatIdevIkI pUjA kI pratIta hotI hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki nahavANa (naravAhana) rAjAke jIvanakI vAstavika ghaTanAoM arthAt usako zaka jAtikA prasiddha naravAhana (nahvANa) kahanA, dharmakAryameM dravya vyaya karanA. ati dhanavAna honA, usakI adhika umarameM eka putra honA Adi-ko lekara 'zrutAvatAra ke lekhaka vibudha zrIdharane usa kathAko apane DhaMgapara likhA hai aura yaha batalA diyA hai ki naravAhana : nahavANa ) hI bhUtabali muni huye the| ina saba bAtoMko dekhate huye, 'zrutAvatAra' ke naravAhana aura Avazyaka sUtramApya' ke nahavANa, jisakA saMskRta rUpa vahAM bhI naravAhana hI hai, itihAsa-prasiddha chatrapa nahapAna mAnanA anucita nahIM hai, ataH kahanA hogA ki di0 jaina zrutakA uddhAra zaka nahapAna dvArA huA thA ! 1-jabioso0 bhA0 16 pRSTa 250.

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26] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / __ chatrapavaMzameM nahapAnake atirikta uparAMta chatrapa rudradAmanake putra rudrasiMha jainI honA saMbhava hai| usane chatrapa rudrasiMha jainii| san 180se 196 I0taka rAjya kiyA thaa| usakA eka lekha caitra zuklA paMcamokA likhA huA bhagna dazAmeM jUnAgar3hase milA hai| jisameM "kevalajJAnasaMprAptANAM" pada milatA hai / isa padake kAraNa, kyoMki kevalajJAna' jainoMkA eka pAribhASika zabda hai, bulhara Adi vidvAn rudrasiMhako jaina dharmAnuyAyI pragaTa karate haiN| jUnAgar3hakA 'bAvA pyArAkA maTha' aura aparakoTakI guphAoMko bhI vidvAn jainoMkI batAte haiN| zrutAvatArase girinagara (jUnAgar3ha) ke nikaTa sthita guphAoMmeM di0 jaina muniyoMkA honA siddha hai / ina imAratoMko chatrapa rudrasiMhane hI saMbhavataH banavAyA thaa| zaka saMvatke viSayameM koI nizcita mata nahIM hai / phargusanane use kaniSkakA calAyA huA anumAna kiyA sk-smbt| hai| kintu Aja usa matake viruddha aneka pramANa milate haiN| paNDita bhagavanalAla aura jaiksana sA0 isa saMvatako nahapAna dvArA gujarAta vijayakI smRtimeM 1-ArkelaoNjikala sarve riporTa oNpha vesTarna inDiyA, mA0 2 pR0 140. 2-iMai0, bhA0 20 pR0 363....3-'zrutAvatAra' meM dharasenAcAryako girinagarake nikaTakI guphAkA nivAsI likhA hai| (girinagarasamIpe guhAvAsI dharasenamunIzvaro) aura girinagara janAgadakA prAcIna nAma hai| (dekho kajAi0 pRSTha 698). 4-iMai0, mA0 20 pR. 364.5-bhAprArA0 bhA0 1 pR0 3.

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inDo vaikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana rAjya / [27. calA mAnate haiN| DA0 phlITa bhI isa matase sahamata the / ' kanighama aura Dubruyala caSTanako zaka saMvatakA calAnevAlA pragaTa karate haiN| sara jaoNna mArazala ajasa prathama (Ayes I, dvArA usakA calanA anumAna karate haiN| kintu vidvAnAMne ina manoMko nimsAra pragaTa kara diyA hai / yadyapi ve saba use san 78 I-me calA mAnane meM eka mata haiN|" udhara bhAratIya paNDitoMkA purAtana mantavya zaka saMvatke viSayameM yaha rahA hai ki pratiSThAnapurake rAjA zAlivAhana ( sAtavAhana) ne zakoMko parAsta karake isa saMvatako calAyA thaa| jinaprabhasUrine / kalpapradIpa ' meM likhA hai ki gajA zAlivAhanane zaka saMvata calAyA thaa| sAtavAhana yA zAtikaNI upAdhidhArI rAjA dakSiNa paiMThanake AndhravaMzameM huye haiM. jisakA rAjyakAla I0 pUrva pahalI zatAbdise IsvI tIsarI zatAbditaka rahA thaa| katipaya vidvAn isa vaMzake hAla nAmaka rAjAko zakasaMvatakA pravartaka zAlivAhana pragaTa karate haiM; kyoMki hAla aura zAla zabda samavAcI haiN| kintu mama0 kAzIprasAdajI jAyasavAla kuntala zAtakarNIko zaka zAlivAhana saMvatakA pravartaka siddha karate haiN| vaha batalAte haiM ki zaka nAmake do saMvata the| prAcIna zaka saMvatakA sambandha zakoMse thaa| vaha lagabhaga 1-baMbaI gaijeTiyara bhA0 1 khaMDa 1 pR0 28. 2-jarAeso0, 1913 pR0 922. 3-kAinsa oNpha iMDiyA pR0 104 va iMe0 1923 pR0 82. 4-jamIso0 bhA0 18 pR0 70. 5-jamIso0 bhA0 17 pR0 334. 6-bhAprArA0 bhA0 1 pR0. 3 va jamIso0, bhA0 17 pR0 334-335. 7-jamIso0, bhA0 17 pR0 334337. 8-jabi moso0, bhA0 16 pR0 295-300.

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28 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | 120 I0 pUrva se Arambha huA thaa| rAjA kuzAna aura uvimakabdhisake lekhoMmeM yahI saMvata milatA hai / dUsarA aitihAsika zaka saMvata san 78 se kuntala zAtakarNI dvArA zakoMpara eka bAra phira vijaya prApta karaneke upalakSameM calA thA / kintu jAyasavAlajI jaina zAstroMka isa ullekha se ki vIra nirvANase 605 varSa 5 mahIne pazcAta zaka rAjA huA, san 78 se zakadvArA bhI calA eka saMvata mAnate haiM / kintu isa jaina ullesvameM eka zaka rAjAkA honA likhA hai, na ki usameM zaka saMvatake calanekA ullekha hai| isa dazA meM jaina gAthAoMke AdhArase eka 3 1 - javi oso0 16 50 230 - 242. 2- javimoso0 bhA0 pR0 1650 300. 3- 'NivvANe vIrajiNe chatravAsasadesu paMcavarisesu / paNa mAsesu gadesu saMjAdo sagaNio bahavA // 89 // - trilokaprajJapti / 'trilokasAra' meM isa gAthAko nimnaprakAra likhA gayA hai:'paNa lassayavassaM paNamAsa judaM gamiya vIra Nivvuido | sagagajo to kakkI cadunavatiyamahiya sagamAsaM // 850 // zrI jinasenAcAryane 'igviMzapurANa' meM isIko saMskRta meM isaprakAra likhA hai : - 'varSANAM SaTzartI tyaktvA paMcAgrAM mAsapaMcakaM / mukti gate mahAvIre zakarAjastato'bhavat // ' ina gAthAoM meM se kisI meM bhI zaka saMvatke calane yA usake pravartakakA ullekha nahI hai / ekamAtra yahI kahA gayA hai ki vIra nirvA- Nase 305 varSa 5 mahIne pazcAt zaka rAjA huA / ataeva inase zadvArA eka dUsare saMvat ke calanekA patA nahIM calatA /

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inDo vaikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana rAjya / [ 29 naye zaka saMvatakA astitva batalAnA kucha jIko nahIM lgtaa| dUsarI zaka vijayake upalakSameM usakA calanA upayukta hai| donoM hI vijaya zAtakarNI vaMzake rAjAoM dvArA bhAratarakSAkI mahAna vijaya zrI: isI kAraNa hindU janatAne donoM hI zakoMkA upayoga ekasAtha kiyA / hiMdU paNDitoMmeM vikrama saMvat ke sAtha zaka sAlivAhana saMvata likhanekA eka rivAja hai aura yaha isa bAtakA jaina gAthAoMkA pramANa hai ki donoM saMvatoM kA sambandha bhArazakarAjA nahapAna / tIya rAjAoMse thA na eka videzI rAjA bhI / jaina gAthAoMkA zakarAjA isa apekSA zaka zAlivAhana saMvat ke pravartase koI bhinna puruSa honA cAhiye / vaha bhinna puruSa nahapAna thA / yaha bAta hama prathama khaNDa ( pR0 132 ) meM likha cuke haiM / triloka prajJapti ke ullekhAnusAra usakA samaya vIranirvANase 461 athavA 605 varSa bAda honA pramANita hai / yadi vIra ni0 se 461 varSa bAda usako mAnAjAya to usake honekA samaya I0 pUrva 84 ( 545-461 ) AtA hai ! prAcIna zaka saMvat meM nahapAnakA samaya ginanese vaha I0 pUrva 82 ke lagabhaga baiThatA hai / isa dazAmeM 'trilokaprajJapti kA ukta mata * avasthAmeM nahapAnakA tathyapUrNa pratibhASita hotA hai / kintu isa rAjyakAla jo 42 varSa batAyA jAtA hai, usameM bhUmakakA rAjya kAla bhI sammilita samajhanA cAhiye / isa matakI sArthakatAko dekhate hue zaka rAjAko vIra ni0 se 605 varSa bAda mAnanA ThIka nahIM dikhtaa| mAlUma hotA hai ki san 78 ko zakoMke sambandhase 1 - javioso0 bhA0 16 pRSTha 250.

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30] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / prasiddha huA jAnakara jainAcAryone ukta matakA bhI nirUpaNa kara diyaa| yaha bhrama uparokta do zaka--vijayoMke kAraNa huA pratIta hotA hai| ataH kahanA hogA ki jaina gAthAoMkA zaka rAnA nahapAna hai| jisake dvArA digaMbara Agama lipibaddha huA thA / . .. ___ vAsudevake samayameM kuzana-sAmrAjyakI dazA bigar3a gaI thii| aphagAnistAna aura madhyaeziyAke deza sAmrAkuzana sAmrAjyakA jyase alaga hogae the| kahate haiM, isI kAlameM patana / bhAratameM bar3I bhArI mahAmArI phailI thii|' jaina zAstroMmeM bhI isa mahAmArIkA ullekha milatA hai| mathurAmeM isakA bahuprakopa huA batalAyA jAtA hai| yahAM sAta cAraNa RddhidhArI RSiyoMne Akara isa mahA-rogase nagarako mukta kiyA thaa| jaina maMdiroMmeM Ajataka ina mahAtmAoMkI pUjA hotI hai| isa samaya mathurAmeM jaina dharmakA abhyudaya bhI khUba huA thaa| koI anumAna karatA hai ki rAjA vAsudeva bhI jaina dharmAnuyAyI hogayA thaa| antataH ina videzI rAjAoMko guptavaMzake kSatriyoMne parAjita kiyA thA aura unakI jagaha apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| isa kAlameM vidyA aura lalitakalAkI khUba unnati huI thii| kAtyAyana aura pAtaMjalike bhASya isI kAlameM race gye| vyAkaraNakA vikAsa huA, caraka dvArA rasAyana aura vaidyaka zAstrakI acchI unnati huii| jainoMke vAGgamayakA uddhAra aura vaha lipibaddha bhI isI kAlameM huaa| yUnAnIyoM aura bhAratIyoMkA samparka bhI khUba bddh'aa| bhAratake 1-bhAi0 pR0 83. 2-saptaRSi pUjA dekho. 3-jaisibhA0 bhA0 1 ki0 4 pR0 116-124.

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[31 samrAT khaarvel| jyotiSiyoMne unase nakSatroMkI sthiti aura cAlake viSayameM bahuta kucha AdAna pradAna kiyA ! bhArahuMta, sAMcI, amarAvatI aura mathurAke stUpa tathA khaMDagiri-udayagirikI guphAyeM Adi isa samayakI utkRSTa kalAke namUne haiN| isa samaya dezabharameM marvatra bar3I sundara aura vizAla imArateM banI thiiN| samrAT khaarvl| (san 207-160 I0 pUrva) karmabhUmikI AdimeM zrI RSabhadevajIne bhAratako vividha prAMtoMmeM vibhakta kiyA thaa| taba unhoMne vartamAnake kaliGgakA or3IsA prAMtakA nAma 'kaliGga' rakavA thA ! aila cedivNsh| kaliGgake prathama samrAT RSabhadevajIke putroM ___ meMse eka the / bhagavAna RSabhadevane kaivalya prApta karake jaba deza bharameM sarvatra vihAra kiyA thA, taba unakA samavazaraNa kaliGga dezameM bhI pahuM vA thaa| jisake kAraNa jainadharmakA vahAMpara kAphI pracAra huA thA / tatkAlIna kaliGgAdhipa jaina muni hogaye the / aura kaliGgakA zAsanabhAra unake putrane grahaNa kiyA thA / pariNAmataH kaliGgameM kauzalakA yaha ikSvAka vaMza eka dIrgha kAlataka rAjya karatA rahA thA / -- harivaMza purANa' ke kathanase pragaTa hai ki uparAMta bIsaveM tIrthakara zrI munisuvratanAthajIke tIrthameM kauzaladezameM harivaMzI rAjA dakSa rAjya karatA thaa| usakA putra 1-hari0 313-7 va 11314-71.

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32] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / geleya aura eka kanyA manoharI nAmakI thii| rAjA dakSane apanI kanyAko patnI banAnekA duSkarma karaDAlA / aileya aura usakI mAtA ilA rAjA dakSase ruSTa hogaye aura kauzala dezako chor3akara anyatra cale gaye / Akhira aileyane tAmralipti nagarako sthApita kiyA aura vaha eka rAjA banagayA / rAjA aileyane bhAratako vijaya kiyA aura antameM vaha muni hogayA / inhIM aileyakI santatimeM eka rAjA abhicandra huaa| jisane vindhyAcalaparvatake pRSTa bhAgameM cedirASTrakI sthApanA kI thii|m0 ariSTanemike samaya arthAt mahAbhArata kAlameM harIvaMzI rAjakumAra jaratkumAra kaliGgarAjake jamAI the aura dvArikAke sAtha yaduvaMzIyoMke naSTa honepara jaratkumAra kaliGgarAjameM jAkara rAjya karane lage the / phalataH kaliGga harivaMzI kSatriyoMke zAsanameM AgayA / / bha0 mahAvIrake samayameM bhI vahAM harivaMzI jitazatru nAmake rAjA rAjya karate the| unake pazcAt kaliGgake rAjavaMzakA patA jaina zAsroMmeM nahIM miltaa| kintu jaina purANake ukta varNanakA samarthana kaliGgarAja aila khAravelake hAthIguphAvAle prasiddha lekhase hotA hai: jisameM unheM 'aila cedivaMza' kA likhA hai aura unake pUrvapuruSakA nAma 'mahAmeghavAhana ' pragaTa kiyA hai| vidvAnoMne isa caidivaMzako dakSiNakauzalase kaliGgameM AyA batalAyA hai| vastutaH san 213 1-hari0 1 / 1-3-9 va javimoso0 bhA0 13 pR0 277-279 2-hari0 (kalakattA) pR0 623. 3-'ailacetirAjavasavadhanena'-javioso0 bhA0 13 pRSTha 223. 4--'This branch of the Chedis seems to have migrated ___into Orissa from Mahakosala.' -JBORS III 48:1.

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samrAT khAravela / [ 33 I0 pU0 meM kauzalapara 'megha' kulake rAjAoMkA adhikAra thA, jo balavAna aura kuzAgra-buddhi the| inhIM rAjAoM meM meghavAhana rAjA the / saMbhavataH dakSiNakauzalase Akara unhoMne hI 'aila cedivaMza' ke rAjyakI jar3a kaliGgameM jamAI thii| 'aila' vaha kauzalake prasiddha rAjA aise sambandhita honeke kAraNa vidvAnoM dvArA anumAna kiyA gayA hai| udhara uparokta prakAra ' harivaMzapurANa' meM spaSTataH cedirASTakI sthApanA rAjA ailekI santati dvArA huI kahI gaI hai| cedirASTra ke saMsthApaka aura zAsaka hone ke kAraNa hI uparAnta aile kI harivaMzI santati cedivaMza ke nAmase prasiddha hogaI aura usane apane mahAna sAhasI aura yazasvI pUrvaja aileyake nAmako bhulAyA nahIM / ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki kaliGgakA vaha rAjavaMza jisameM samrAT khAravela huye, kauzalake harivaMzI rAjA aileya aura dakSiNakauzala ke cedivaMza se sambandhita thaa| 'harivaMzapurANa' se ukta prakAra bha0 mahAvIra athavA unake bAda taka harivaMzakA zAsana kaliGgameM pramANita hai / hindU zAstrameM bhI janmejaya rAmake uparAnta saba hI kSatriyoMko kauzala ailakA vaMzaja pragaTa karate haiM aura kaliGgavaMzako 'mahAbhAratakAla' se calA AtA batAte haiM / usakA magadha samrAT nandavarddhana dvArA anta huA thA / kaliGgarAja hataprabha hokara dakSiNakauzalameM jArahe aura uparAnta maurya sAmrAjya ke patana honepara unake vaMzajoMne apanA adhikAra phirase kaliGgameM jamA liyA ! * 1 - javiooso0, mA03 pR0 483 - 484. 2 - javiosaM 0, bhA0 3 pR0 434. * javimoso, bhA0 16 pR0 190.3 - javi - aso0 bhA0 3 pR0 435. ,

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / . ataeva mahAmahopAdhyAya zrI kAzIprasAdajI jAyasavAlake zabdoMmeM yaha spaSTa hai ki kaliMgake samrATa yuvarAja khAravelakA 'khAravelake pUrva puruSakA nAma mahAmeghavAhana rAjyAbhiSeka ! aura vaMzakA nAma aila cedivaMza thaa|' mAlUma hotA hai ki khAravelake pitAkA svargavAsa usa samaya hogayA thA, jaba vaha lagabhaga solaha varSake the| prAcInakAlameM solaha varSakI avasthAmeM puruSa bAliga huA samajhA jAtA thA / khAravela jaba solaha varSakI avasthAmeM vAliga hogaye, to vaha yuvarAja padapara AsIna hokara rAjyazAsana karane lage the / usa samayataka unakA rAjyAbhiSeka nahIM huA thaa| prAcIna kAlameM rAjyAbhiSeka 25 varSakI avasthAmeM hotA thaa| ataH jaba paccIsa varSa ke huye to unakA mahArAjya abhiSeka huA thA aura vaha eka rAjAkI taraha rAjyazAsana karane lage the| jisa samaya khAravela rAjyasiMhAsanapara ArUDha huye usa samaya unakA rAjya kaliGgamarameM vistRta thA, jo vartamAnakA or3IsA prAMta jitanA thaa| taba kaliGgakI prajAkI gaNanA bhI khAravelane karAI thI aura vaha 35 lAkha thii| jana samudAyakI gaNanA karAnekA rivAja mauryoke samaya sutarAM unase pahalese pracalita pragaTa hotA hai / azokake samayase hI kaliGgakI rAjadhAnI tosali thii| khAravelane bhI apanI rAjadhAnI vahIM kI thii| unhoMne koI navIna rAjadhAnI sthApita kI ho , yaha mAlUma nahIM detA / unakI rAjadhAnIkA ullekha 'kaliGganagarI' ke nAmase huA hai| 1-nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA. bhA0 10 pR0 102.

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samrAT khaarvel| [35 rAjyasiMhAsanapara ArUDha honeke pahale varSameM khAravelane apanI rAjadhAnIkI marammata karAI thI; jisake parakhAravela rAjyakA koTA, daravAje aura imArateM tUphAnase barabAda prathama varSa / hogaye the| isake sAtha hI unhoMne khibira RSike bar3e tAlAbakA pakkA bAMdha bandhavAyA thaa| jisase ki prajAko pAnIkI takalIpha na rahe aura siMcAIkA kAma bhI bakhUbI cala nikale / khAravelane isI samaya kaI rAjodyAna bhI lagavAye the aura apanI paiMtIsa lAkha prajAkI manastuSTi kI thI va vividha upAyoM dvArA usako prasanna kiyA thaa| sArAMzata: rAjyasiMhAsanapara baiThate hI unhoMne apane kAryoMse yaha vizvAsa dilA diyA ki vaha eka prajA-hitaiSI rAjA hai / isa prakAra apane rAjyake prathama varSameM rAjadhAnIkA punaruddhAra ___aura prajAko prasanna karake khAravelako apanA khAravelakI prathama sAmrAjya dUra dezoMtaka phailAnekI sudha aaii| digvijy| yaha bhI kisI lAlacase nahIM, balki dhArmika bhAvase / vaha apane lekhameM svayaM kahate haiM ki unakI dezavijayake sAtha2 dhArmika kArya hote the| unakA sabase pahalA AkramaNa pazcimIya bhAratapara huaa| usa samaya vahAMpara Andhra athavA sAtavAhanavaMzIya zAtakarNi prathamakA zAsanAdhikAra thaa| usakA prabhAva or3IsAkI pazcimIya sImAtaka vyApta thA aura dakSiNameM bhI usakA adhikAra thA ! khAravelane usake isa pratApakI jarA bhI paravA nahIM kii| saMbhavataH san 182 athavA 171 I0 pU0 ke lagabhaga unane kAzyapa kSatriyoMkI sahAyatAke liye zAtakarNipara AkramaNa kara

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36 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | diyA / isa yuddhakA pariNAma yaha huA ki muzika kSatriyoMkI rAjadhAnIpara khAravelane apanA adhikAra jamA liyA / yaha muzika kSatriya kaliGgake nikaTa pradezameM basanevAle dakSiNI loga mAne gaye haiM / kAzyapa kSatrI dakSiNa kauzalake nivAsI the aura saMbhavataH khAravelake sambandhI the / zAtakarNi aura muSikoMse nibaTakara khAravela apanI vijayI. caturaMgiNI senA sahita tosaliko lauTa Aye rAjadhAnI meM utsava | aura vahAM Akara unhoMne apanI prajAke citta raJjanArtha aneka prakAra ke utsava kiye the / nAcaraGga, gAdyavAdya aura prItibhoja tathA samAja bhI huye the / ina mahotsava meM prajAke liye yuddhakA saMtApa bhUla jAnA svAbhAvika thA / apane rAjya ke cauthe varSa meM khAravelane ' vidyAdhara AvAsa' kA punarudvAra kiyA pratIta hotA hai / - isI varSa khAravelakA dUsarA AkramaNa. phira pazcimIya bhArata para huA aura abakI unhoMne rASTrika evaM bhojaka kSatriyoMse bar3hakara kheta liyA / ye donoM rASTra zAtakarNike par3osI anumAna kiye gaye gaye haiM / ve mahArASTra aura barAra meM rahate batAye haiN| bhojakokA saMbhavataH prajAtaMtra rAjya thA / khAravelane ina kSatriyoMke rAjAoMke chatra aura bhiraGgAra chInakara naSTa kara diye the aura unako bilakula parAjita kara diyA thA / unako mukuTa vihIna banA diyA thA / aura vaha apanI vijaya vaijayantI phaharAte hue sAnanda kaliGgako lauTa Aye the / Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat khAravelakA rASTrika aura bhojakapara AkramaNa / www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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samrAT khaarvel| [37 kaliGgameM vApasa Akara khAravelane phira jana sAdhAraNake hitakI suva lii| unhoMne tanasutiya sthAnase eka tanasutiya nahara va nahara nikalavAkara apanI rAjadhAnIko sarajanapada sNsthaa| saja vanA liyA / prajAko bhI isa naha rase siMcAIkA bar3A subhItA huaa| yaha nahara usa samayase tInasau varSa pahale nandarAjAke samayameM banavAI gaI thii| usIkA punaruddhAra karake khAravela use apanI rAjadhAnI taka bar3hA lAye the| apane rAjyake chaThe varSameM unhoMne duHkhI prANiyoMkI aneka prakArase sahAyatA kI thI aura paura evaM jAnapada saMsthAoMko agaNita adhikAra dekara prasanna kiyA thA / yaha nizcita rUpase nahIM kahA jAsaktA ki khAravelakA vivAha kaba huA thA, kintu yaha spaSTa hai ki unake khAravelakI rAniyAM do vivAha huye the| unakI donoM rAniyoMke va putra laabh| nAma zilAlekhameM milate haiN| eka bajiraghara vAlI kahI jAtI thI aura dUsarI siMhapathakI siMdhur3A nAmaka thiiN| bajiraghara aba madhyapradezakA vairAgar3ha hai| khAravelake samayameM vahAMke kSatrI prasiddha the / unhIMkI rAjakumArIke sAtha kharavelakA vivAha huA thaa| eka ur3iyA kAvyameM isa ghaTanAkA ullekha anokhI kalpanAmeM kiyA gayA hai, jisameM rAjakumArIkI vIratAko khUba darzAyA gayA hai| inhIM bajiragharabAlI rAnIse khAravelako apane rAjyake sAtaveM varSameM saMbhavataH eka putraratnakI prApti huI thii| uDiyA kAvyase pragaTa hai ki khAravelane dakSiNa bhAratako bhI vijaya kiyA thaa| khAravelake zilAlekhameM

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38] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / khAravelakA magadhapara bhI ullekha hai ki unhoMne pAMDya dezake rAjA__ aakrmnn| oMse bheTa prApta kI thii| ataeva yaha kahanA hogA ki khAravelane dakSiNApatha ( dakSiNa bhArata) para apanA sikkA jamA liyA thA aura unheM eka mAtra uttarApatha (uttara bhArata ) ko vijaya karanA zeSa rahA thaa| usa samaya bhAratavarSake sAmrAjya-siMhAsanapara car3hanekI kAmanA cAra AdamiyoMko huI thI / arthAt (1) magadhake zuMgavaMzIya brAhmaNa puSpamitra, (2) AMdhravaMzI zAtakarNi prathama, (3) aphagAnistAna aura vAlhIkakA yavana rAjA dametriya (Demeterioo) aura (4) svayaM khAravela / inameMse zAtakarNiko to khAravela parAsta kara cuke the| basa, unake liye puSpamitra aura dametriyase bAjI lenA bAkI thaa| puSpamitrane 'azvamedha' yajJa karake cakravartIpada pAyA thA ! khAravelake samAna parAkramI aura dharmavatsala rAjAke liye yaha sahana karanA sugama nahIM thA ki unake jItejI eka anya rAjA ' cakravartI ' kahalAye aura azvamedhAdimeM pazu hiMsA karatA rahe; jaba ki mauryakAlase ahiMsA dharmakI bhAratameM pradhAnatA rahI ho| ___ ataeva khAravelane magadhapara dhAvA bola diyaa| isI samaya dametriya paTanAko ghere huye thaa| aura vaha bhArata-vijaya karanekI apanI kAmanAmeM prAyaH siddhArtha hocukA thaa| kintu khAravela jyoMhI jhAra-khaMDa-gayAse hote huye magadha pahuMce aura rAjagRha tathA gorathagirike durgomeMse aMtimako sara kara liyA ki dametriya khAravelakI car3hAIkA hAla sunakara tathA apane khAsa rAjyameM vidrohakA upadrava uThate dekha paTanA, sAketa, paMcAla Adi chor3atA huA mathurA bhAgA aura madhya deza

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samrATa khaarvel| [39 mAtra chor3a vahAMse nikala gayA / khAravela gorathagiriko vijaya karake vApasa kaliGga lauTa aaye| yaha ghaTanA unake rAjyake sAtaveM varSameM huI thI! kaliGga lauTakara khAravelane apane rAjyake naveM varSameM khUba dAna-puNya kiyaa| isa dAna-puNyakA pUrA khAravelakA dAna va varNana to nahIM milatA, kintu yaha jJAta hai ahNt-puujaa| ki unhoMne sonekA kalpavRkSa aura hAthI, ghor3e, ratha Adi aneka vastuaiM dAna kI thiiN| isa dAna-karmameM unhoMne brAmaNoMko bhI saMtuSTa kiyA thA / arhat bhagavAnakA abhiSeka aura pUjA vizeSa samArohake sAtha kiye the| ar3atAlIsa lAkha cAMdI ke sikoMko kharca karake unhoMne prAcI nadIke donoM taToMpara eka 'mahAvijaya' nAmaka vizAla prAsAda banavAyA thaa| ukta prakAra dharmadhyAna aura jana-rajanameM eka varSa vyatIta karake khAravelane apane rAjyake dazaveM varSameM khAravelakA bhAratapara 'bhAratavarSa' (Upper India ) para dhAvA AkramaNa / bolA thaa| isa AkramaNameM khAravelane kisa rAjAko parAjita kiyA, yaha to vidita nahIM; kintu yaha spaSTa hai ki vaha apane uddezyameM saphala huye the| uparAnta kaliGga lauTakara unhoMne gyArahaveM varSameM apanese pahale huye eka duSTa rAjA dvArA nirmita rAjasiMhAsanako bar3e2 gadhoMse jute huye haloMko calavAkara naSTa karA diyA aura tabase 113 varSa pahalekI banI usakI tAmramUrtike TUka-TUka karA diye ! mAlUma hotA hai ki ukta duSTa rAjAne jaina dharmakI aprabhAvanA kI thii| isIliye unake cinhoMko rahane denA khAravelane ucita nahIM samajhA thA /

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40] ___ saMkSipta jaina itihaas| gotthagiriko jItakara jaba khAravela magadhase lauTakara Aye, to vahAMke vRddha zAsaka puSyamitrane magadhakI magadhapara AkramaNa va rakSAkA vizeSa prabaMdha kiyA / ' apane lar3akoM mahAna vijaya / dvArA unhoMne vairAjya sthApita kiyA arthAt svayaM samrATa na hue, uparAjAoM yA gavarnaroM dvArA mulka aura dharmake nAmase svayaM apaneko sirpha senApati kahate huye rAjya karane lge| mAdhakA prAMtika zAsaka puSyamitrake ATha beToMmeMse eka arthAt bRhaspatibhitra niyukta huA / puSyamitrane phirase azvamedha manAyA ! mAlUma hotA hai ki khAravelako yaha sahana na huaa| usapara unheM magadha vijaya karake ' cakravartI ' pada pAnA zeSa thA / isa liye apane pahale AkramaNase cAra varSa bAda hI unhoMne phira AkramaNa kara diyaa| uttarApathake rAjAoMko jItate huye vaha magadhameM jA nikale / himAlayakI talahaTI 2 vaha ThIka magadhakI rAjadhAnIke sAmane jA pahuMce the| gaGgAko unhoMne kaliGgake bar3e 2 hAthiyoM ke sahAre pAra kara liyA thaa| isa mArgase unheM sona nadIke bhayAnaka dala-daloMkA kaSTa nahIM uThAnA par3A thA / phalataH vaha pATaliputrameM dAkhila hogaye aura nandoMke samayake prakhyAt rAjamahala ' sugaGga' ke sAmane jA DaTe the / bRhaspatimitra khAravelakI parAkramI senAke sammukha Tika na skaa| khAravelane usase apane pairoMkI vandanA karAI / naMdarAjA dvArA lAI gaI jina mUrtiyAM ve magadhase vApasa kaliGga legaye tathA magadhake tozakakhAnese aMga magadhake ratna pratihAroM sameta uThA legaye / vastutaH khAravelakI yaha mahA vijaya thI aura isake upalakSameM kaliGga lauTakara khAravelane jainadharmakA eka mahA dharmA

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samrAT khAravela | [ 41 anuSThAna kiyA thaa| kiMtu khArakhelake isa parAkrama, cAturya aura raNakauzalako dekhakara daGga raha jAnA par3atA hai / eka hI varSa meM vaha kaliGgase calakara uttara bhAratake rAjAoM ko jItane huye magadha jA bahuMcate haiM aura vahAM ke rAjAko parAsta kara DAlate haiM ! unakA yaha kArya TIka nepoliyanake dRGgakA hai ! isa mahAvijayake sAtha hI khAkhelako sudUra dakSiNake pANDya - dezaka nareza bahumUlya ratna, hAthiyoMko le jAnevAle jahAja Adi padArtha bheMTa meM mile the / yaha padArtha adbhuta aura alaukika the| mAlUma hotA hai ki khAkhelakI pANDyanareza mitratA thI ! isa prakAra sAmrAjya vistAra ke ina prayatnoMkA phala yaha huA ki kaliGgakA sAmrAjya bar3ha gayA / tathApi usa samayake prasiddha rAjya magadhapara apanA adhikAra jamAkara khAravelane apane Apako samagra bhArata meM sarvopari zAsaka pramANita kara diyA / vaha bhAratavarSa ke samrAT hogae / yahAM yaha vya hai ki usa samaya kaliMgakI gaNanA bhAratavarSameM nahIM honI thii| isa kAlake do zatAtatkAlIna dazA / bDi bAda samagra bhAratakA ullekha 'bhAratavarSa' ke nAmase hone lagA thA / jainadharmakA pAMDyadezake nare zakI bheMTa | isa 1 samaya bahu pracAra thA / maurya sAmrAjyake naSTa honeke pazcAt avazya hI jainadharmakI prabhA zithila ho gaI thI / zuGgavaMza evaM dakSiNake sAtavAhana vaMza brAhmaNa dharmAnuyAyI the| unake dvArA vaidika dharmako uttejanA milI thI aura azvamedhAdi yajJa bhI hue the / kintu khAra

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42 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | velane jainadharmakI isa hInaprabhAko dyutimAn banA diyA / jaina dharmakA punaruddhAra hogayA / kaliGgameM to vaha bahuta dinoM pahale se rASTrIya dharma horahA thA / kintu jaina dharmako usa samaya taka kevala eka darzana siddhAnta mAnanA kucha jIko nahIM lagatA / brAhmaNa varNa jaina dharma meM bhI hai | ataH jina brAhmaNoM ko khAravelane bhojana karAyA thA, unakA jaina honA bahuta kucha saMbhava hai / kalpavRkSa jainazAstroMmeM manavAMchita phalako pradAna karanevAle mAne gae haiM / khAravela bhI apanI prajAke liye kalpavRkSake samAna saba kucha pradAna karake mahAn udAra aura prajAvatsala bananA cAhatA thA / isIliye unhoMne kalpavRkSakA dAna kiyA thA / karuNAbhAvase saba prANiyoMko dAna denA jaina dharma ucita batalAtA hai / jaina zAstroMmeM kSatrI sAdhuoMkA vizeSa ullekha milatA hai / khAravelake samaya vaha eka prakhyAt sAdhu samudAya horahA thA / khAravela jainadharmAvalambI thA, parantu vaidika vidhAnAnusAra usakA mahArAjyAbhiSeka huA aura usane rAjasUya yajJa bhI kiyA thA / isase yaha bilkula spaSTa hai ki taba jaina dharmameM sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA itanI nahIM thI ki vaha prAcIna rASTrIya niyamoMke pAlana meM bAdhaka hotA / khAravela prajAhitaiSI rAjA the| vaha nahIM cAhate the ki vaha eka svAdhIna rAjAkI taraha zAsana kareM aura prajAko parAdhInatAkA kaTu anubhava cakhane deN| isIliye unhoMne 'janapada' aura 'paura' saMsthAyeM khAravelakA rAjya prabaMdha / sthApita kIM thIM / yaha saMsthAyeM AjakalakI myunsipala aura DisTrikTa borDoMke samAna thIM / 'paura' saMsthA pura athavA rAjadhAnIkI saMsthA thii| jisake parAmarzase vahAMkA zAsana

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samrAT khaarvel| [43 hotA thaa| janapada grAmINa janatAkI dyotaka hai; jinakI saMsthA 'janapada' kahalAtI thii| una logoMkA zAsana-prabaMdha usake dvArA hotA thaa| isa prakAra khAravelane janatAko zAsana prabandhameM sammilita kara rakkhA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki khAravelake kaliGgase bAhara lar3AiyoMmeM vyasta rahanepara bhI rAjyazAsana samucita rItisa cAla rahA thaa| kaliGgatara rASTroMse unhoMne sAma, daNDa aura saMdhi nItiyoMke anusAra vyavahAra kiyA thA / khAravelake hAthoMmeM rAjyakI bAgaDora choTI umrameM AI thii| vaha bhI usa nanhIM umrase eka Adarza rAjA khAravelakA rAjanaitika bana gaye the| krodha aura atyAcAra to khArajIvana / belake nikaTa chUtaka nahIM gayA thA / vaha eka janmajAta yoddhA aura dakSa senApati hote hue bhI eka Adarza nRpa the| unhoMne apanI prajAko prasanna rakkhA thA; jisakA ullekha unane apane zilAlekhameM bar3e garvake sAtha kiyA hai / khAravela apanese pahaleke rAjAoM aura pUrvajoMkA Adara karate the / isa dRSTise khAravela azokase bAjI lejAte haiM; kyoMki. azokane apane pUrvajoMkA ullekha kevala apanI mahattA pragaTa karaneke liye kiyA hai| khAravelake samayameM vAstu vidyAkI unnatiko uttejanA milI thI / usane svayaM bar3e 2 mahala, maMdira aura sArvajanika saMsthA oMke bhavya bhavana nirmApita karAye the / unake dvArA lalitakala kI. bhI vizeSa unnati huI thii| pUrNa dakSa kArIgaroM dvArA unane sundara paccIkArI aura nakkAsIke staMbha banavAye the| sacamuca jaba 2 vaha digvijayase jhaNDA phaharAte hue lauTate the, taba 2 vaha apane rAjyameM

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44 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / - prajA hita aura dharma saMbaMdhI aneka sukArya karate the aura maMdira Adi * banavAte the | isa bAta kA spaSTa pratighoSa unhoMne apane lekhake prAraMbha ( paMkti 2 ) meM kara diyA hai / unake rAjyakAla meM kaliGgakI dhana saMpadA bhI khUba bar3hI thI; kyoMki samagra bhAratase unhoMne bahumUlya sampatti ikaTThI kIM thii| isa samRddhizAlI dazA meM kaliGga avazya hI rAmarAjyakA upabhoga kara rahA thA aura usake AnandakI sImAkA vArApAra na thA / usakA pratApa samasta bhAratavarSa meM vyApta thA / khAravelane prajAke mana bahalAva ke liye saMgIta aura bAjegAjekA bhI prabandha kiyA thA / yadyapi khAravela jaina the; parantu unhoMne jainetara dharmokA Adara kiyA thA / unakA vyavahAra anya pApaNDoM ke prati udAra thA aura yaha rAjanitikI dRSTise unake liye ucita hI thA / isa ora unhoMne kucha aMzoM meM azokakA anukaraNa kiyA thA / ataeva ina saba bAtoMko dekhate huye samrAT khAravela eka mahAn prajAvatsala aura kartavyaparAyaNa rAjA pramANita hote haiM / zilAlekha meM khAravelako aila mahArAja, mahAmeghavAhana ceti rAjavaMza - varddhana khAravela zrI- (kSAravela) likhA hai tathA unakA ullekha 'kSemarAja; varddharAja, bhikSurAja aura dharmarAja' rUpameM bhI huA hai / antima ullekhase khAravelake sukRtyoMkA khAsA patA calatA hai / unhoMne prajA meM, deza meM aura samagra bhAratameM amakI sthApanA kI, isaliye vaha kSemarAja the / sAmrAjya evaM dharma-mArgakI unhoMne vRddhi kI isa kAraNa unako varddharAja mAnanA bhI ThIka hai / bhikSuoM- zramaNoMke liye unhoMne dharmavRddhi karaneke sAdhana juTA diye; isa avasthA meM unakA 'bhikSurAja' rUpameM ullekha honA kucha anucita nahIM hai / antata: dharmarAja to vaha .

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samrAT svaarvel| [45 the hI -dharmake liye unhoMne aneka kArya kiya-dAna puNya kiye. bhavya maMdira banavAye aura dharmake liye lar3AiyAM bhI ldd'ii| magadhI lar3AI lar3akara vaha RSabhadevakI divya mUrti kaliGga lAye / unakI rAnIne unako kaliGga cakravartI kahA hai| khAravelake pandraha varSa kumAra krIr3AmeM vyatIta huye the| unheM solahaveM varSameM yuvarAja pada milA thA. yaha khAravelakA gArhasthya likhA jAcukA hai| kumAra kAlameM unhoMne jiivn| vidyA aura kalAmeM dakSatA prApta kI thii| zilAlekhameM likhA hai (paMkti 2 ki khAravelane rAjanaitika daNDavidhAna (EN) aura dharmatatvakA sucAru jJAna prApta kiyA thA / vaha saba hI vidyAoMmeM pAraMgata the| khAravela dekhane meM prabhAvAna aura sundara the| unake zarIrakA raMga bilakula gorA nahIM thaa| vaha prazasta aura zubha lakSaNoMme yukta thA, jinakA prakAza cAroM dizAoMmeM phaila rahA thA ( caturaMta luMThati) / bAlyAvasthAmeM vaha rAjakumAra varddhamAna sadRza batAye gaye haiN| aura samrATa veNakI taraha unheM eka vijayI samrAT likhA gayA hai| vastutaH khAravelakA gArhasthya jIvana bhI rASTrIya jIvanake samAna unnata aura sukhamaya thaa| ve apanI donoM rAniyoMke sAtha dharma, artha, aura kAma puruSArthIkA samucita upabhoga kara rahe the| bajiradharavAlI rAnI unakI agramahaSi ( paTarAnI / thiiN| dUsarI rAnI siMdhuDA saMbhavataH rAjA lAlakasakI putrI thIM. jo hathIsahasake pautra the / ina rAnIke nAmapara hAthIguphAke pAsa eka 'giriguhA' nAmaka prAsAda banAyA gayA thaa| ise aba rAnI nora kahate haiM / ina rAniyoMkA khAravelake samAna unnata

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saMkSipta jaina itihaas| mamA aura dharmAtmA honA svAbhAvika hai| ve premAla thI, udAra thIM aura zIlasampannA thiiN| unhoMne bhI bhavya jinamaMdiroMko banavAyA thA ! khAravelako una rAniyoMse kitanI saMtAna pAnekA saubhAgya prApta huA, yaha kahA nahIM jAsakatA / kiMtu vaha unake samAna suyogya saha dharmiNiyoMko pAkara eka Adarza zrAvaka bane the, isameM saMzaya nahIM / bajiragharavAlI rAnIke kokhase jo putra huA thA, vahI saMbhavataH khAravelake bAda kaliGgakA rAjA huA thaa| khAravelakA dhArmika jIvana anUThA thaa| jaba vaha apanI digvi jaya pUrNa kara cuke aura sAre bhAratavarSa meM unakI khAravelake jainadharma dhAka jama gaI, taba unhoMne vizeSa rItise prabhAvanAke kaary| dharmAnuSThAnake kArya kiye the| yaha unake rAjyake terahaveM varSa arthAt san 170 I0 pU0kI bAta hai| samrAT khAravela kumArI parvata (udayagiri) ke arhat maMdirameM jAkara vizeSa bhakti aura vrata upavAsa karane meM dattacitta huye the| isa prakAra vrata aura upavAsameM lIna honekA phala yaha huA thA ki vaha apane bhavabhramaNako naSTa karaneke nikaTa pahuMca gaye the, kSINasaMsata huye the| zrAvakoMke vratoMkA pAlana unhoMne saphalatApUrvaka kara liyA thA (rt-uvaas-khaarvel-sirinaa)| phalataH unheM jIva aura dehakI bhinnatAkA pratyakSa anubhava hogayA thaa| bheda. vijJAnako unhoMne pAliyA thA aura yaha saMsArakA nAza karaneke liye paryApta hai| ataeva samrAT khAravelako jo dharmarAja aura bhikSurAja kahA gayA hai, vaha bilakula ThIka hai / kumArI parvata saMbhavataH bhagavAna

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samrAT khAravela / 47 mahAvIrajIke samavazaraNase pavitra hocukA thA; kyoMki bhagavAnake samo. zaraNakA kaliGgameM AnekA ullekha jainazAstroMmeM milatA hai tathA khAravelake zilAlekhameM spaSTa kahA hai ki (paMkti 14) isa parvataparase jaina dharmakA pracAra huA thaa| isa hI parvatapara khAravela aura unakI rAnIne aneka maMdira va vihAra banavAye the| unameM cAroM orase jaina zramaNa aura vidvAn ekatrita hokara dharmArAdhana karate the| vahAMpara khAravelane sundara saMgamaramarake pASANa-staMbha banavAye the; jinameM ghaMTA lage huye the| aise staMbha madhyakAlake bane huye nepAlameM Aja bhI dekhaneko milate haiN| isa prakAra samrATa khAravelake sukAryoMse usa samaya khUba hI dharmaprabhAvanA huI thii| jainadharmakA pracAra RSiyoMdvArA digantavyApI huA thaa| mAlUma hotA hai ki khAravelane koI dhArmika mahotsava karAyA thA; kyoMki zilAlekhameM kahA gayA hai (paMkti 16) ki samrAT khAravelane 'kalyANakoM' ko dekhane, sunane aura unakA anubhava prApta karanemeM jIvana yApana kiyA thaa| ('dhamarAjA pasaMto suNato anubhavato kalANAni') yaha mahotsava Ajakalake bimbapratiSThAoMke samaya honevAle paMca-kalyANakoM ke samAna hI hote the, yaha kahA nahIM jaasttaa| khAravela dvArA nirmita guphAoMkA mUlya atyadhika hai| unameM bhagavAna pArzvanAthajIkI jIvanalIlA sambaMdhI citra darzanIya haiN| zilAlekhameM 'arkAsana' nAmaka guphAke banavAnekA ullekha hai| ye saba guphAyeM suMdara aura darzanIya haiN| yUM to khAravelake sukRtyoMse jaina dharmakI vizeSa unnati huI hI thI; kintu unake sadaprayatnase jo dvAdazAGga

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48 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | 6. jinavANIkA uddhAra | vANIke punaruddhArakA udyoga huA thA. vahaH vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| unake zilAlekha meM ( paMkti 16) paSTa ullekha hai ki khAravelake samaya meM dvAdazAGgavANI lupta huI mAnI jAtI thI / samrAT khAravelane usakA yathAsAdhya uddhAra kiyA thaa| unhoMne jaina RSiyoMkA eka saMgha ekatrita kiyA thA. aura usake dvArA isa uddhArakA sadprayAsa huA thA / mi0 jAyasavAlane zilAlekha ke isa aMzakA yaha artha prakaTa kiyA hai ki. maurya rAjA ke samaya jo 64 vibhAgoMkA caturyAma aGga-saptika lupta, hogayA thA, usakA uddhAra khArakhelane kiyA / " isakA bhAva spaSTa nahIM hai; kintu mi0 jAyasavAla isakA punaH adhyayana karake khulAsA prakaTa karanevAle haiM / kucha bhI ho, isa zilAlekhIya ullekha se digasvara jainoM kI mAnyatAkA samarthana hotA hai / digambara jainoMkA vizvAsa. hai ki dvAdazAGgavANIkA viccheda zrutakevalI bhadrabAhujIke sAtha hogyaa| thA. aura unake bAda vizAkha, proSThila, kSatriya, jaya, nAga, siddhArtha, dhRtisena, vijaya, buddhila. gaMgadeva aura sudharma ye gyAraha AcArya. kevala dazapUrvaka dhArI ekake bAda eka 183 varSameM hue the / ataeva candragupta maurya ke samaya naSTa huA aMgajJAna 183 varSa bAda taka kevala dazapUrvarUpameM kiJcit zeSa rahA thA / ina dazapUrvIyoMke uparAnta nakSatra, jayapAla, pANDu, dhruvasena aura kaMna nAmaka pAMca AcArya syAraha aMgoMke dhAraka 220 varSa meM huye| the / ina gyAraha aMgoM arthAt aMgajJAnake dhArakoMkA astitva taba hI saMbhava hai jaba mauryarAjAse 183 varSake antarAlakAlameM unakA punaruddhAra huA ho / samrAT khAravelakA ukta kArya isa antarAla

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samrAT khaarvel| [49 kAlameM huA prakaTa hotA hai; kyoMki jaina paTTAvaliyoMke anusAra bhadrabAhujIse 183 varSoM meM huye dazapUrvIyoMkA antima samaya san 200 I0 pU0 ThaharatA hai aura isa samaya khAravela vidyamAna the| isa dazAmeM kahanA hogA ki khAravelake zubha prayatnase lupta-prAyaH aGgagrantha punaH upalabdha huye the| samaya bhAratake RSi kumArI parvata para ekatra huye the aura vahAM jinarako jisa2 aGgakA jitanA jJAna thA, usako prakaTa kiyA thA aura isa prakArake sahayogase aGgajJAnakA uddhAra hogyaa| sAtha hI isa ullekhase samrAT khAravelakA prAcIna nigraMthasaMghakA poSaka honA pramANita hai| yaha likhA jAcukA hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhujIke bAdase hI jaina saMghameM bheda upasthita hogayA thA, jo IsavI prathama zatAbdimeM pUrNa vyakta huA thaa| sacamuca kaliGgameM usa jaina dharmakA pracAra thA jisameM samrATa caMdragupta mauyyake samayameM AcArya sthUlabhadrakI adhyakSatAmeM ekatra huye jaina saMghake dvArA svIkRta aGga jJAnako svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA thA / (haoN jai0 pR0 70-72 va z2abioso0 bhA0 13 pR0 236) samrAT khAravelakA hAthI guphAvAlA zilAlekha bhAratIya iti hAsake liye bar3e mahatvakA hai| vedazrIke khAravelakA zilAlekha / nAnAghATavAle zilAlekhake bAda prAcI natAmeM isIko dUsarA naMbara prApta hai| yaha karIba 15 phITa 1 iMca laMbA aura 5|| phITa caur3A hai aura 17 paMktiyoMmeM vibhakta hai| isakI bhASA eka aisI prAkRta hai, jo apabhraMza prAkRta, ardhamAgadhI aura pAlIse milatI julatI hai tathA usameM jaina prAkRtake zabda bhI haiM / lipi uttIya brAhmI hai; jise

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50] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / bulhara sA0 san 160 I0pU0 itanI prAcIna mAnate haiM / zilAlekhameM kula cAra cinha haiN| inameMse prathama paMktike prArambhameM jo haiM, vaha-(1) svastikA aura (2) varddhamaMgala haiN| tIsarA cinha 'naMdipada' bhI prathama paMktimeM hai, parantu vaha khAravelake nAmake ThIka bAdameM aMkita hai| yaha cinha azokake jADagar3ha ke lekha evaM sikoM AdimeM bhI milatA hai / cauthA kalpavRkSa lekhake aMtameM hai| aise hI cinha udayagirikI siMha aura vaikuNTha nAmaka guphAoMmeM haiN| yaha zilAlekha san 170 I0pU0ke samaya kisI aise vyakti dvArA likhA gayA pragaTa hotA hai, jo khAravelase vayameM bar3A thA / aura jisako unakA paricaya bAlyakAlase thA / mi0 jAyasavAlane pahale isa lekhameM (paMkti 16 ) mauryA vdakA ullekha huA anumAna kiyA thA kiMtu unakA yaha anumAna ThIka na nikalA aura unhoMne isa paMktiko phirase par3hA hai evaM isakA artha jaina vAMgamayakA uddhAra karanA pragaTa kiyA hai, isa prakAra yadyapi mauryAbdakA koI ullekha isa lekhameM nahIM hai; kiMtu nandoMke eka abdakA ullekha (paMkti 6) avazya hai / vidvAna loga isa nanda abdako naMdavarddhana dvArA pracalita kiyA gayA pramANita karate haiN| yaha kahate haiM ki nandavarddhanakA rAjya I0pU0 san 457 se prArambha huA thA aura san 458 I0 pU0se unakA abda prArambha huA thaa| sana 1030 ke samaya jaba alaverUnI bhAratameM AyA thA taba yaha naMdAbda mathurA aura kannaujameM bahu pracalita thA / (javioso0, bhA0 13 pR0 237-241)

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samrAT khaarvel| khAravelake isa zilAlekhase kaliGgameM jaina dharmakA astitva bahuta prAcIna siddha hotA hai| hama dekha cuke kaliGgameM jainadharma / haiM ki jaina zAstroMmeM to use jainadharmase saMba ndhita bhagavAna RSabhadevake samayase batAyA gayA hai / phalataH kaliGgameM jisa prAcIna kAlase jainadharmakA samparka jaina zAstra pragaTa karate haiM, usakA samarthana isa lekhase hotA hai / paMkti 12 meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki nandarAja kaliGga vijayake samayameM ratnoM va anya bahumUlya padArthoke sAtha jina bhagavAnakI eka mUrti bhI legaye.the / khAravelane jaba aGga aura magadhapara apanA adhi kAra jamA liyA thA, taba vaha isa mUrtiko vApisa kaliGga leAye the| isa ullekhase nandarAjAkA jaina dharmAnuyAyI honA pramANita hai tathA yaha bhI siddha hai ki or3IsAse jainadharmakA samparka svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samayameM thA / jaina mUrtiyAM bhI usa samaya arthAt sat 450 I0 pU0 ke pahalese banane lagI thii| isa AdhArase mi0 jAyasavAla kahate haiM ki jaba or3IsAmeM san 450 I0 pU0 ke pahalese jainadharma AgayA thA aura jaina mUrtiyAM banane lagI thIM; taba mahAvIra nirvANa san 545 I0 pU0 mAnanA hI ThIka hai; jaise vaha pramANita kara cuke haiM / (jIvaoso0 bhA0 1 pR0 99-105) ukta zIlAlekhameM san 170 I0 pU0 taka jo 2 bAteM khAravelake rAjyameM huI thIM, unakA varNana khAravelakA aMtima jIvana hai| isake uparAMta aisA koI nizcayAtmaka aura unake uttraadhikaarii| sAdhana prApta nahIM hai, jisase khAravelake aMtima jIvanakA patA clske| isa samaya

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52] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / khAravelakI Ayu karIva 37 varSakI thii| khAravela jaise parAkramI vIra avazya hI isa samaya hRSTapRSTa hoMge / ataH unakA san 170 I0 / pU0se aura 10-20 varSa aura rAjya karanA bahuta kucha saMbhava hai| hamAre vicArase jaba khAravelake suputrakI avasthA 24 varSakI hogaI taba san 152 I0 pU0 meM khAravelakA rAjya kAryase vilaga hojAnA prAkRta susaMgata hai / isa samaya vaha vRddha hocale the aura yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki unhoMne jina dIkSA grahaNa karalI ho| jo ho, mi0 jAyasavAla jo unakA svarga vAsa kAla san 169-152 I0 pU0 meM mAnate haiM, vaha ThIka hai| khAravelake uttarAdhikArI unake suputra huye the| saMbhavataH unhIMkA ullekha khaMDagirIkI eka guphAke zilAlekhameM hai| usameM unako kaliGgAdhipatakudepa zrI khara mahAmeghavAhana likhA hai| jabioso0 bhA0 3 pR0 505) yaha bhI jainadharmAnuyAyI the / khAravelake bAda kaliGgake isa prasiddha rAjavaMzakA kucha patA nahIM calatA; kintu bhuvanezvarake eka saMskRta khAravelakA vaMza garda- graMthameM mauryoke pazcAt jisa rAjavaMzane kalibhilla vaMza hai| jhameM rAjya kiyA thA, usakA paricaya 'bhila' vaMzake nAmase diyA hai| isa vaMzameM kula sAta rAjA huye the, jinake nAma kramAnusAra isa prakAra haiM:-(1) aira bhila, (2) khara bhila, (3) sura mila, (4) nara bhila, (5) dara bhila, (6) sara mila aura (7) khara bhila dvitIya / ukta granthameM jo samaya isa vaMzake rAjyakAlakA diyA hai usase patA calatA hai ki I0 pU0 89 meM isa vaMzakA aMta hogayA thaa| vidvAna loga. isa vaMzako khAravelase sambandhita batalAte haiM tathA ukta rAjAoMmeM naM0

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samrAT khAravela / [ 53 2 ke rAjAko khAravela batalAte haiM / hindU purANoMmeM AndhravaMzI rAjAoMke samasAmayika rAjavaMzoMmeM eka 'gardabhila' bhI batAyA gayA hai, jisake kula sAta rAjA the / khAravela zAtakarNi prathamakA samakAlIna thA aura kaliMgameM mauryoke bAda unake vaMzane hI rAjya kiyA thA / ataeva ukta bhilavaMza athavA gardabhilavaMzako khAravelake rAjavaMzakA dyotaka mAnanA ucita hai / mama0 jAyasavAla isa zabda kI utpatti khAravela nAmase ThaharAte haiM / khAravelase kharavela huA, khara aura gardabha saMskRtameM paryAyavAcI eka hI arthake zabda haiN| aura vela zabda bhillameM palaTa diyA gayA / isa rUpameM kharavelase ' gardabhilla yA ' garda bhila' zabda bana gayA / jinasenAcArya ne inhIM rAjAoMkA ullekha rAsabha rAjAoMke nAmase kiyA hai / 3 isa vaMzake aMtima rAjA khara bhila dvitIya ( kharavela dvitIya ) hI ujjaina ke gardabhilla anumAna kiye gaye haiM kyoMki donoMkA samaya eka hai aura vaha vikramAditya ke zvasura the| vikramAditya gardabhillakA uttarAdhikArI mAnA hI jAtA hai / kAlkAcAryane isI gardabhilla vaMzake viruddha zakoM ko bhejA thaa| ataH isa ullekhase khAravela ke rAjavaMzakA rAjya usake bAda pAMca pIr3iyoM taka rahA pramANita hotA hai / prAcImahAtmya' nAmaka pustakameM eka citra nAmaka vyaktikA varNana hai / . vidvajjana usako khAravelakA dAdA anumAna karate haiM / usakI patnI , 1 - javiooso0 bhA0 16pR0 191 - 196 / 2 - javiooso 0, bhA0 16 pR0 303 / 3 - javiooso0 bhA0 16pR0 306-307 // 4 - javi bhoso0 bhA0 16 pR0 305 / ,

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54] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| brAhmaNavarNakI thI aura usake putra usake jIvanakAlameM hI svargavAsI hogaye the| phalataH usake pautrakA nanhA bAlaka honA ucita hai| khAravelake zilAlekhase yaha prakaTa hI hai ki bAla avasthAse hI kaliMgarAjyakA bhAra unapara AgayA thaa| uparokta pustakoMke atirikta ur3iyAke " madala paJji" (Madal Panji) nAmaka granthameM bhI ur3iyA granthoMmeM khAravelakA varNana bhoja nAmase huA anumAna khaarvel| kiyA jAtA hai| isa granthase rAjA bhojake rAjyakA prArambha I0 pUrva 194se pramANita hotA hai aura khAravela I0 pUrva 192 meM yuvarAja hue the| saMbhavataH bhoja nAmakI prasiddhike kAraNa athavA khAravelake viruddha bhikSurAjake apabhraMza (bhojarAja) ke rUpameM yaha nAma ukta granthameM khAravelake liye likhA gayA hai| ukta granthase pragaTa hai ki khAravela eka vIra, parAkramI, udAra, nyAyazIla aura dayAlu rAjA the / unake darabArameM 750 prasiddha kavi the, jinameM mukhya kAlIdAsa the| unake race huye canaka aura mahAnATaka nAmaka grantha the| mahAnATakakA pracAra kahIM2 aba bhI or3IsAmeM milatA hai| khAravelake dvArA nAvoM, caroM aura gAr3iyoMkA pracAra pahale2 kaliGgameM huA thaa| unhoMne sAre bhAratavarSapara vijaya prApta kI thI! saba hI rAjAoMko apanA karada banA liyA thA / sindhu dezake yavanoMko bhI khAravelane mAra bhagAyA thaa|' ' sAralA mahAbhArata' nAmaka ur3iyA kAvyameM bhI khAravelakA varNana 1-javimoso0, bhA0 16 pR0 194-196 / 2-javimoso0, bhA0 16 pR0 211-215 /

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samrAT khAravela / [ 55 milatA hai / usase pragaTa hai ki khAravelake pahale kaliGgameM bauddha rAjA the / khAravelane brAhmaNoMko sAtha lekara unheM mAra bhagAyA aura Apa svayaM vahAMke rAjA bana gaye / mahAn senA lekara unhoMne digvijayakI aura vaha sArvabhauma samrAT hogaye / vaha bhIma kAlavera vIra cakravartI kahalAte the / antameM unhoMne apane dharmaguruke kahane se rAjyakA tyAga kara diyA - viSNu - kara ( khara) ko apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta karake vaha vanameM jAkara tapasyA karane lage / zilAlekhameM unake rAjyake 13 veM varSake uparAMta koI varNana nahIM hai| isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki thor3e samaya pazcAt hI vaha muni hogaye the / ukta granthoMse bhI unakA jainI honA siddha hai / vaha zrAbakake vratoMkA abhyAsa pahale hI karane lage the / antameM unakA muni hojAnA svAbhAvika thA / IsvI prathama zatAbdimeM kaliMga AMdhravaMzake rAjAoMke adhikArameM AgayA / usapara bhI jainadharmakA astitva vahAM 11-12 vIM zatAbditaka khUba rahA thA; kintu uparAnta musalamAnoMke AkramaNoM evaM jainetara saMpradAyoMke prAbalyase vahAM jaina dharmakA prAyaH abhAva ho gayA / itane para bhI Aja vahAM hajAroMkI saMkhyA meM 'sarAka' (zrAvaka ) loga maujUda haiM, jo prAcIna jainI haiM, parantu apaneko bhUle huye haiM / unako punaH jaina dharmameM lAnekA udyoga horahA hai| sAtavIM zatAbdimeM jaba cInI yAtrI huenasAMga yahAM AyA thA; taba bhI use qaliMgameM jaina dharma unnatAvasthA meM milA thaa| , 1 - javiooso0 bhA0 16 pR0 199-203 / 2- baM0 vi0 smA0 pR0 87-88 /

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56] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| saMkSipta saMvatvAra vivaraNa:san IsavI pUrva 225 kaliMgameM cedivaMza aura dakSiNameM sAtavAhana rAjyakA udaya / 207 khArabelakA janma; 192 khAravelako yuvarAjapada prApta huA; 188 puSyamitrakA rAjyArohaNa; 183 khAravelako rAjya-prApti; 182 zAtakarNi prathama rAjya karate aura khAravelakA AkramaNa; 179 khAravelakA rASTrika va bhojaka kSatriyoMpara vijaya pAnA; 178 tanasuliya-bATa naharakA rAjadhAnImeM lAnA; 177 khAravelane samrATapada grahaNa kiyA; mahArAjAbhiSeka va rAjasUya yajJa huA; 176 saMbhavataH khAravelako rAjakumArakI prApti; 175 gorathagirikI lar3AI,dametriya (DimiTriyasa)kA mathurA chodd'jaanaa| 173 khAravelakA utarApathapara AkramaNa; 172 khAravela dvArA kaliMgameM jaina pUjAkA sudhAra; 171 puSyamitrakI parAjaya; 170 khAravelakA kumArI parvatapara vrata upavAsa karanA aura maMdirAdi bana vAnA; jaina saMgha ekatra honA aura jaina vAMgamayakA uddhAra kraanaa| (saMbhavataH zilAlekha bhI isI varSa meM utkIrNa karAyA gayA thaa|) 169-152 saMbhavataH khAravelakA dehAvasAna huaa| 152 puSyamitrakI mRtyu !

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [57 anya rAjA aura jaina saMgha / digambara-zvetAMbara-bheda; upajAtiyoMkI utptti| (san 100 I0 pU0-san 200 I.) IsavIkI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM sutarAM usase bhI kiMcit paha lekA bhAratIya itihAsa andhakArApanna hai / tatkAlIna jaindhrm| usa samayakA kucha bhI ThIka patA nahIM cltaa| taubhI jo kucha bhI paricaya prApta hai, usake AdhArase yahAMpara isa kAlameM jainadharmake astitvakA jJAna karAyA jAtA hai / zaka aura kuzana Adi videziyoMkA rAjya I0 se pUrva prathama zatAbdise bhAratameM uttara pazcimIya sImA prAMtase lekara paMjAba, mathurA aura mAlavA taka jamA huA thA aura ina sthAnoM evaM ina videziyoMmeM jainadharmakI mAnyatA bhI bizeSa thI; yaha likhA jAcukA hai / inake atirikta usa samaya uttara bhAratameM jainoMkA samparka kina 2 rAjavaMzoMse thA, yaha ThIkasara batAnA kaThina hai| roTelakhaNDa usa samaya ahicchatrake rAjAoMke adhikArameM thaa| ahicchatra ( rAmanagara-barelI ) ke rAjA loga ahicchatrake rAjavaMzameM nAgavaMza anumAna kiye gaye haiN| isa jaina dhrm| vaMzakA astitva bhAratameM mahAbhAratakAla athavA rAjA takSaka nAgake samayase pramANita hai| yadyapi yaha vaMza videzI aura saMbhavataH hUNa jAtikA thA; kintu 1-kaMjAiM, pR0 412 /

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58] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| jaina mAnyatA isakA nikAsa ikSvAku nAmaka kSatriya vaMzase huA pragaTa karatI hai / vastutaH nAgavaMzajoMke vivAha-sambandha bhAratIya kSatrI gharAnoMse hote the| ahicchatrameM isa vaMzakA rAjya saMbhavataH bhagavAna pArzvanAthajIke samayase thA / tatkAlIna rAjAne bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI bar3I vinaya kI thI / bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke tIrthakAlameM vahAMke eka rAjA vasupAla the| unhoMne ahicchatrameM eka sundara aura bhavya jaina maMdira nirmANa karAyA thaa| vahAMke kaTArIkheDAkI khudAImeM DA0 phuharara sA0 ne eka samUcA sabhA maMdira khudavA nikalavAyA thaa| yaha maMdira I0 pU0 prathama zatAbdikA anumAna kiyA gayA hai aura yaha zrI pArzvanAthajIkA maMdira thA / isameMmeM milI huI nama jaina mUrtiyAM san 96 se 152 takakI haiM / eka IToMkA banA huA prAcIna stUpa bhI vahAM milA thaa| vahAM staMbhapara eka lekha isa prakAra thA- mahAcAryaindranaMdiziSya pArzvapatissa koTTArI |"re. ina vastuoMse IsavI sanke prArambha kAlameM vahAM jainadharmakA vizeSa pracAra prakaTa hotA hai| eka, samaya mathurAkA nAgavaMza mathurAke AsapAsa bhI nAgavaMzakA rAjya raha aura jaindhrm| cukA hai| unakI rAjadhAnI kASThA nagarI thii| jaina samAjameM eka kASThAsaMgha vikhyAt hai| usakA yaha nAmakaraNa usa nagarIkI apekSA huA pratIta hotA hai; kyoMki kASThAsaMghakA aparanAma mathurAkI apekSA mAthurasaMgha hai aura jaina zAstroMmeM deza apekSA prasiddha huA kahA bhI gayA hai| ataeva 1-bhapA0, pR0 368 / 2-saMprAjaismA0, pR0 81 / 3-rAi0, bhA0 1 pR0 231 / 4-hi0, bhA0 13 pR0 272 mainapurIke saM0

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anya rAjA aura jaina saMgha / kASThAnagarameM eka samaya aura saMbhavataH ukta nAgavaMzake rAjya kAlameM hI jainadharmakA prabhAva vizeSa thA / vahAMkA jainasaMgha Aja bhI bhAratake vibhinna sthAnoMmeM phailA huA hai / yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki ukta nAgavaMzake rAjA jaina saMghake poSaka hoM / saMbhavataH isI kAraNa vahAMkA saMgha khUba phUlA phalA thA / ___ mathurAse uttara pUrvakI ora pAMcAla rAjya thaa| usakI rAja ___dhAnI prAcIna kAlase kAMpilya thI / jainoMke pAMcAla rAjyameM jainadharma terahaveM tIrthaGkara zrI vimalanAthajIkA janmasthAna va dAnavIra bhavar3a / aura tapobhUmi bhI yahI nagara thaa| vikramakI pahalI zatAbdimeM yahAMpara tapana nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usI samaya bhAvar3a nAmaka eka dharmAtmA jaina seTha yahAM rahate the| yaha eka pratiSThita dhanI vyApArI the / inakA vyApAra deza-videzase hotA thA / jahAjoMmeM mAla bhejA jAtA thaa| eka daphe durbhAgyase inake sAre jahAja samudrameM DUba gye| isase unake vyApArako bar3A dhakkA lgaa| kintu vaha dhIrajase vyApAra karate rahe / eka ghor3Ise inake bhAga camaka gaye / vahAMke rAjAne tIna lAkha ru0 meM usa ghor3Iko bhAvar3ase kharIda liyA thaa| usake vacher3ako bhAvar3ane vikrama rAjAko bheTa kiyaa| rAjAne prasanna hokara unheM mahuA Adi kaI grAma diye / bhAvar3a una grAmoMkA nAyaka bana gyaa| unakI bhAvalA nAmaka strIse unako bhavar3a nAmaka putraratnakI prApti huii| 1867ke likhe hue eka guTake meM kASThAsaMghakI rItiyAM kASTAdi dezakI kahIM gaI haiM (kASThAsaMghazciraMjIyAtkriyA kASThAdi dezakaH) ataH kASThA nAma deza apekSA hI hai| Shree Sudharmaswami G nbhandar-Umara, Surat www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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60] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| yaha bar3A dAnavIra thA / zikSita aura yuvA honepara bhavar3akA vivAha gheTI seThakI putrI suzIlAse svayaMvara vidhise huA thA / bhabar3a sAnaMda , kAlayApana kara rahA thA ki acAnaka yavana senAkA AkramaNa huaa| bhavar3a isa lar3AImeM baMdI huA aura yavana loga use apane sAtha legaye / bhavar3a vahAM bhI apanA dharma-pAlana karatA rahA aura usane maMdira bhI banavAye / usane eka mAsakA upabAsa kiyA aura usake puNyaphalase cakrezvarIdevIkI sahAyatA use prApta huI / usakI sahAyatAse bhavar3a bandhana mukta huA aura takSazilAse AdinAtha prabhukI mUrti lekara vaha jahAjameM baiThA aura mahuA AgayA / aba saubhAgyase use samudrameM khoye hue jahAja bhI mila gaye / bhavar3ake dina phira gaye / usa samaya AcArya vajrasvAmIke upadezase zatrujaya tIrthakA usane uddhAra karAyA aura khUba dAna-puNya kiyaa| zrI AdinAtha bhagavAnakI pratimA vahAM birAjamAna kraaii| vajrasvAmI eka pratibhAsampanna sAdhu the| unhoMne dakSiNake kisI bauddha samrATako jainI banAyA thaa| zvetAMbara saMpradAyameM bhavar3a seTha aura vajrasvAmI bahu prasiddha haiN|' na mAlama isa zvetAMbara kathAmeM kitanA satya hai ? kozAmbIke purAtatvase vahAMpara jainadharmakA vizeSa samparka rahA pramANita hai / vahAMse kuzAnakAlakA mathurA kozAmbI rAjyameM jaisA eka AyAgapaTTa milA hai; jise rAjA jaindhrm| zivamitrake rAjyameM zivanaMdikI ziSyA bar3I sthavirA baladAsAke kahanese zivapAli 1-zatrujaya mAhAtmya-gusApari0 jainavi0, pR0 65-66 /

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anya rAjA ora jaina sNgh| tane ahaloMkI pUjAke liye sthApita kiyA thaa| isa ullekhame kozAbImeM eka bRhat jaina maMghake rahanekA patA calatA hai / yahIMpara kAzyapI arhatoMke saM0 10meM ASAr3hasenane eka guphA banavAI thI / vaha ASAr3hasena ahicchatrake rAjA zonakAyanake prapautra aura rAjA vaMgapAla va rAnI triveNIke pautra the| inake pitAkA nAma rAjA bhAgavata thA aura inakI mAM vaihidarI thiiN| yaha guphA san 100200 I0 pU0 ke lagabhaga banI thii| yaha pragaTa hai ki ahicchatrake rAjAoMmeM jainadharmakI mAnyatA prAcIna kAlase thI / sAtha hI ukta kAzyapI arhata zabda bhagavAna mahAvIrakA dyotaka pratIta hotA hai; kyoMki bhagavAnakA gotra kAzyapa thA / ataH yaha saMbhava hai ki ukta guphA jainoMke liye banAI gaI ho| skaMdhaguptakA lekha jo bhiTArIke stambhapara aGkita hai, usameM likhA hai ki skaMdhaguptane puppamitrako vijaya jaina rAjA puSpamitra / kiyA thaa| yaha puppamitra san 455 meM rAjya kara rahA thA / isa vaMzakA prAraMbha san 78 I0 se san 937 I0 taka calatA rahA thaa| isakA nikAsa kahAMse aura kaise huA thA, yaha kucha jJAta nahIM hai| rAjA kanipkake samayameM yaha vaMza bulandazaharake pAsa basa gayA thA aura apaneko jaina dharmAnuyAyI kahatA thaa| jaina zAstroMse isa samaya vikramAditya nAmaka eka prasiddha ___ samrATkA patA calatA hai; yadyapi itihAsameM 1-saMprAjaismA0, pR021. 2-saMprAjaismA0, pR0 28. 3-baMprAjaismA, pR0 187.

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62] saMkSipta jana itihAsa / rAjA vikramAditya isa nAmake rAjAkA taba koI ullekha nahIM gautamIputra shaatkrnni| milatA hai| vAstavameM vikramAditya koI khAsa nAma na hokara kevala upAdhi mAtra hai| isa apekSA usa samayake itihAsameM isa nAmakA koI rAjA na milanA kucha anokhApana nahIM rakhatA / ataH Avazyaka hai ki tatkAlIna rAjAoMmeM aise kisI vIra aura parAkramI rAjAkA patA calAyA jAya, jo vikramAditya upAdhikA adhikArI hosake / isa apekSA aba prAyaH saba hI vidvAn isa samaya eka vikramAditya rAjAkA honA svIkAra karane lage haiN| jaina zAstra kahate haiM ki vaha gardabhilakA putra thaa| aura pratiSThAnapurase Akara usane zakoMko parAsta karake bhAratakA videzI logoMse uddhAra kiyA thaa| jaina, ajaina evaM zilAlekhIya AdhArase mama0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla isa pariNAmapara pahuMce haiM ki yaha vikramAditya pratiSThAnapurake AndhravaMzakA gautamIputra zAtakarNi nAmakA prasiddha rAjA thaa| 'gAthAsaptazatI' ke kartA rAjA hAlane (I0 san 21) eka gAthAmeM vikamAica (vikramAditya) kI dAnazIlatAkA varNana kiyA hai| isa ullekhase vikramAditya upAdhidhArI rAjAkA unase pahale hojAnA siddha hai| vastutaH AndhravaMzameM gautamIputra zAtakarNi hAlase pahale hocuke the| unakA samaya I0 pUrva 100-44 hai| jaina zAstra vikramAdityako pratiSThAnapurase AyA batAte hI haiM aura unakI jIvanaghaTanAyeM bhI gautamIputra zAtakarNike jIvanase milatI haiN| isa kAraNa unheM gautamIputra zAtakarNI mAnanA ThIka 1-kaihiMi0, bhA0 1 pR0 167-168, alAhAbAda yUnIvarsiTI sTaDIja, bhA0 2 pR0 113-147.

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anya rAjA aura jana saMgha / [ 63 hai / kintu jaina zAstra unheM gardabhillakA putra batAte haiM aura gautamIputra saMbhavataH meghasvAtike putra the / isa bhedakA sAmaJjasya vikramAdityako garda bhillakA uttarAdhikArI mAnane se hojAtA hai / gardabhillavaMza vastutaH AndhravaMza se bhinna hai / jaina aura ajaina zAstra unakA ullekha alaga-alaga hI karate haiM aura yaha nizcit hai ki pratiSThAnapura meM AndhravaMza ke rAjA rAjya karate the| ataeva pratiSThAnapurase AyA huA vikramAditya gardabhillakA putra na hokara uttarAdhikArI honA cAhiye / somadevakI 'kathAsaritasAgara' se pragaTa hai ki gautamIputrakA vaMzaja kuntala zAtakarNi, jisakA rAjyakAla 75-83 I0 hai, kaliMgake bhilla= ( garda bhilla) rAjAkA jAmAtA thA aura usane punaH zakoMko ujjainIse bhagAkara ' vikramAditya' upAdhi grahaNa kI thii| isa prakAra ' vikramAditya ' upAdhidhArI rAjA AndhravaMza meM do hue the|' jaina lekhakane kuntalako gardabhillakA jamAtA jAnakara pahale vikramAdityako bhramase usakA putra likha diyA pratIta hotA hai / isa dazAmeM pahale vikramAditya arthAta gautamIputra zAtakarNi jaina zAstroMko vikramAditya pragaTa hote haiM ! " AvazyakasUtrabhASya" se spaSTa hai ki gautamIputrane nahapAna zakako parAsta kara diyA thA / udhara gautamI putra aura RSabhadattake zilAlekhoM tathA nahapAna ke sikkoM ne pramANita hai ki gautamI putrane nahapAnako mAlavA, saurASTra Adi dezoM ko zakoMse mukta karadiyA thA / yaha ghaTanA I0 pU0 58 kI hai| jaina zAstra bhI vikramAdityako 1 - javioso0 bhA0 16 pR0 251-278. 2 - javiooso0, , bhA0 16 pR0 251 /

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64] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / 'zakAri' aura use I0 pU0 58 meM unapara vijaya prApta karate likhate haiM / jaina granthoMse yaha bhI prakaTa hai ki jaba vikramAditya isa asAra saMsArako chor3agaye to unake putra vikrama caritra athavA dharmAdityane 40 varSAMtaka mAlavApara rAjya kiyA / dharmAdityake putra bhailyane 11 varSataka usa dezapara zAsana kizA / uparAMta nailyane 14 varSa taka raajykiyaa| nalyakA uttarAdhikArI nahar3a vA nahada huA, jisane 10 varSa rAjya kiyaa| usIke samayameM suvarNagiri (zikhira sammedajI) para bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA eka vizAla maMdira nirmANa huA thaa|' ina nAmoMmeM 'dharmAditya' upAdhi prakaTa hotI hai, aura vikramacaritra kuMtalazAtakarNi ( vikramAditya dvitIya ) ke aparanAma' vivamazIla ' ( caritra-zIla ) kA dyotaka hai| ____ kuMtalake samayameM zakoMdvArA dharmakA vidhvaMza punaH hone lagA thaa| usane zakoMko mAra bhagAkara dharmarakSA kI thii| isI liye usako 'dharmAditya ' kahA gayA hai| kintu vaha gautamI putrakA uttarAdhikArI na hokara usake bAda usa vaMzameM utanA hI prakhyAta rAjA thaa| gautamIputrakA uttarAdhikArI zrI bilva pulomavi prathama thaa| ukta nAmoMmeM 'bhailya' ko dila =(bhilva bhailya) kA aprabhaMza kaha sakte haiM; kintu zeSa do nAmoMkA patA AndhravaMzAvalImeM lagAnA kaThina hai| 'nahada' saMbhavataH skandasvAtikA dyotaka ho| jo ho, yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina lekhakane kramavAra aura ThIka nAmoMse vikramAdityake uttarA 1-jaisimA0 bhA0 1 kiraNa 2-3 pR0 30 / 2-javimoso0, bhA0 16 pR0 206 / 3-javimoso0 bhA0 16 pR0 275-279 /

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anya rAjA aura jaina saMgha / [ 65 dhikAriyoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai; yadyapi vaha AndhravaMza ke rAjAoMkA hI ullekha karatA pratIta hotA hai| gautamIputra zAtakarNine apane rAjyAbhiSekake 18 veM varSa meM zakoMko parAsta kiyA thA / usa samaya arthAt I0 pU0 58 meM unakI avasthA 42 varSakI thii| AMdhra rAjyakA bhAra unapara hI vikramAditya va jainadharma | bAlyAvasthA se - janmase hI Ana par3A thA / cauvIsa varSakI Ayu prAptakara lenepara purAtana prathAke anusAra unakA rAjyAbhiSeka huA thA / ina cauvIsa varSoMmeM unake nAmapara rAjamAtA gautamIne, zivAjIkI mAtA jIjAbAIke samAna, rAjakAja kiyA thA / unakA kula rAjyakAla 56 varSa thA / I0 pU0 44 meM vaha isa saMsAra ko chor3a gaye the| jainoMkI paTTAvaliyoMmeM jo vIra nirvANase 470 varSa pazcAt vikramAdityakA janma huA likhA hai tathA vIra nirvANa saMvat vikrama saMvatake Arambhase 470 varSa pahale vIra nirvANa huA mAnakara pracalita hai. uma 18 varSa ke aMtarakA kAraNa mama0 jAyasavAla yahI pragaTa karate haiM ki eka gaNanA gautamI putra zA0 ke janmase rAjya karane ( vikramakA janma hone ) kI dyotaka hai aura dUsarI jisake anusAra vIra nirvANa pracalita hai unakI zaka vijayase ginI gaI hai; jisakI smRtimeM vaha saMvata calA thA, jo vikrama saMvatake nAmase pracalita hai, usameM isa bAtakA dhyAna nahIM rakkhA gayA hai ki vaha ghaTanA gautamI putra vikramAditya ke rAjyakAla ke 18 varSakI hai / jainoMke isa matabhedase bhI vikramAdityakA gautamI putra zAtakarNi honA

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / pramANita hai / ' vikramAditya apane Arambhika jIvanameM brAhmaNadharmake anuyAyI the, kiMtu zeSa jIvana unhoMne eka jaina gRhastha zrAvakake samAna vyatIta kiyA thA / jaina granthoMmeM unakA varNana khUba milatA hai / 'vaitAla paMcaviMzatikA' siMhAsana dvAtriMzatikA' 'vikrama prabandha' Adi granthoMmeM unake cAritrako pragaTa karanevAlI kathAyeM milatI haiN| sacamuca vaha eka Adarza jaina gRhastha, mahAna zAsaka aura vidyArasika rAjA the| unake samayameM vidyA aura kalAkI vizeSa unnati huI thii| kahA jAtA hai ki vikramAdityane apanI zaka vijayakI smR timeM I0 pU0 58 se eka saMvat bhI calAyA vikrama samvata / thA aura usa vikrama saMvatkA pracAra jainoMmeM aura unake dvArA vizeSa huA thaa| kintu itihAsase patA calatA hai ki yaha janazruti tathyapUrNa nahIM hai; kyoMki gautamIputra zAtakarNi, jo vikramAditya pramANita hotA hai, ne apane zilAlekhoMmeM maMvat na likhakara azoka Adi prAcIna rAjAoMke samAna apane rAjyake varSa limva haiM tathA mAlavA aura rAjapUtAnAse aise sikke I0 pU0 prathama zatAbdike mile haiM, jinase mAlavagaNa dvArA ukta saMvatakA pracalita honA pramANita hai| una sikkoMmeM 'mAlavagaNakI kisI mahAn vijaya' kA ullekha hai ('mAlavAnAM jaya'--'mAlavagaNasya jaya') yaha mAlavagaNa rAjya taba pUrvIya rAjapUtAnAmeM sthita thaa| mAlUma hotA hai jisa samaya gautamIputra zAtakarNine mAlavA 1-javibhoso0 bhA0 16 pR0 253-254 / 2.-jaina paTTAvalI aura vikrama prabaMdha dekho /

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anya rAjA aura jaina saMgha / [ 67 aura maurASTrakI aura zakoMpara car3hAI kI thI, usa samaya ukta gaNane usameM gaharA bhAga liyA thA aura vikramAdityakI mahAna vijayako apanI vijaya samajhakara usakI smRtimeM ukta sikke DAle the| unhoMne isa mahAna vijayake upalakSa meM saMvata bhI calAyA, jisakA pracAra - rAjapUtAnA aura mAlavA ke logoM meM hogayA / vahI kAlAntara meM vikrama saMvata ke nAmase prasiddha hogayA / vikrama saMvat va vikrama saMvatkI utpatti ukta prakAra huI svIkAra karanese, jisakA svIkAra karanA ucita pratIta hotA hai, jainoMmeM pracalita vikrama saMvat viSayaka vIra saMvat / mAnyatA apanA bahuta kucha mahatva kho baiThatI hai, kyoMki yaha spaSTa hojAtA hai ki vikrana saMvat na to vikramAdityake rAjyArohaNa kAlase huA aura na vaha usakI mRtyukA smAraka hai / hAM, jainoMkI tadviSayaka mAnyatAmeM aitihAsika tathyAMza avazya hai; kyoMki vaha isa bAtakI dyotaka hai ki vikramAdityapara rAjyabhAra janmate hI AgayA thA aura apane rAjyake 18veM varSa I0 pUrva 58 meM unhoMne zaka vijaya kI thI. jaise ki likhA jAcukA hai| udhara vikrama viSayaka jo jaina ullekha upalabdha haiM una sabameM yahI kahA gayA hai ki vIranirvANa 470 bAda vikramarAjA huA aura kinhIM gAthAoM meM spaSTataH unakA janma likhA hai / aura yaha nizcita hai ki vikrama saMvat I0 pU0 58 se vikramAditya (gautamIputra zAtakarNi ) kI zakavijaya viSayaka ghaTanA ke smArakarUpameM calA hai / ataeva vikrama saMvatse 470 varSa pUrva vIra 1 - ja vebhoso, bhA0 16 pRSTha 251-254.

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68] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| nirvANa huA mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| yaha samaya isake rAjA honekA mAnanA ThIka hai| mama. jAyasavAlajI, jaina aura hindU purANoMkI gaNanAke AdhArase use I0 pUrva 545meM arthAt vikrama saMvatse 488. varSa pUrva siddha karate haiN|' 'harivaMzapurANa meM zrI jinasenAcAryane nahapAnazakake rAjyakAlakA antima samaya vIra nirvANase 487 vA. varSa likhA hai aura yaha likhA hI jAcukA hai ki vikramAditya gautamIputrane I0 pUrva 58meM nahapAnako parAsta karake usake rAjyakA anta karadiyA thaa| ataH jinasenAcAryake matAnusAra bhI vikrama saMvatse 487-488 varSa pUrva vIranirvANa huA pragaTa hai| hama anyatra isa hI matako svatantrarUpameM siddha kara cuke haiM / phalataH vIra nirvANakA zuddha rUpa I0 pUrva 545 mAnanA ThIka hai| 1-javioso0 bhA0 1 pR0 99-105 va bhA0 13 pR0245. 2-"vIranirvANakAle ca pAlako'trAbhiSikSyate / loke'vaMtisuto rAjA prajAnAM prtipaalkH|| paSTivarSANi tadrAjyaM tato vijayabhUbhujAM / zataM ca paMca paMcAzat varSANi tadudIritaM // catvAriMzat purUDhAnAM bhUmaMDalamagvaMDitaM / triMzattu puSyamitrANAM pssttivsvgnimitryoH||shtN rAsabharAjAnAM naravAhanamapyataH / catvAriMzattato dvAbhyAM catvAricchatadvayaM // bhaTTavANasya tadrAjyaM guptAnAM ca zatadvayaM / ekaviMzacca varSANi kAlavidbhirudAhRtaM // " ___"harivaMzapurANa' ke ukta zlokoMke anusAra vIranirvANake samaya avaMtike siMhAsana para pAlaka rAjAkA abhiSeka huA thaa| usa vaMzane 60 varSa, vijaya (naMda ) vaMzane 155 varSa, puruDha vaMzane 40 varSa, puSyamitrane 30, vasumitra agnimitrane 60, rAsabha (gardabhilla) vaMzane 100, naravAhanane 42; bhaTTabANa (AndhrabhRtya) ne 242 aura guptavaMzane 221 varSa rAjya kiyaa| naravAhana, jo nahapAnakA dyotaka hai,

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ranwww.arvaor anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [69 IsavI prathama zatAbdise kiMcit pUrvase jaina saMghakI dazA vicitra ho rahI thii| yaha pahale hI livA digambara aura zvetAMbara jA cukA hai ki samrAT candraguptake samayameM sNgh-bhed| jainasaMghameM matabheda upasthita hogayA thaa| aura naye dalakI zrINadhArA bala saMcaya karatI huI prathaka rUpase calarahI thI / sthUlabhadrake bAda isa naI dhArAmeM AryamahAgiri, AryasuhastisUri, susthitamUri, iMdradinnasUri (kAlkAcArya ), priyagraMthasuri, vRddhavAdisUri, dinnasUri, siMhagiri. vajrasvAmI Adi aneka AcArya huye; jinakI vaMzaparamparA Ajataka zvetAMbara kula 488 varSe hotI haiN| zvetAmbaroMke tapAgacchakI paTTAvalImeM bhI lagabhaga yahI gaNanA likhI gaI hai| jaise ki nimna koSTakake rUpameM mama0 jAyasavAlajIne pragaTa kI hai:zve0 paTTAvalI harivaMzapurANa pAlaka........varSa 60 pAlaka........varSa 60 nandavaMza ........155 vijayavaMza ........155 mauryavaMza ........108 purur3havaMza ........ 40 puSyamitra ........ 30 puSyamitra ........ 30 balamitra-bhAnumatra 60 vasumitra-agnimitra 60 nahavAna............ 40 rAsabha (gardabhilla) 100 gardabhilla............13 naravAhana ........ 42 zaka................ 4 jor3a 487 (vikramake rAjyAbhiSeka honetaka 18 kI varSe ) jor3a 488

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70] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| sampradAyameM calI ArahI hai| inameMse AryamahAgirine naI dhArAko punaH prAcIna mArgapara leAneke prayatna kiye the / vaha jinakalpI ( nagna ) sAdhu the aura unhoMne isa bAtako svIkAra kiyA thA ki sthUlabhadra dvArA aneka bAteM dharmake viruddha pracalita hogaI haiM / kiMtu vaha apane sadaprayAsameM asaphala rahe / bhalA vaha nayA saMgha kaise ina sAdhumahAtmAkI bAta mAnasaktA thA, jisane zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuko saMgha bAhyasA karadiyA thaa| uparokta gaNanAmeM sarva aMtima vajrasvAmIkA samaya san 71 I0 hai / inake samayameM rohagupta nAmaka jaina sAdhune eka matabheda upasthita kiyA thaa| inake ziSya kanAr3ha dvArA vaizezika darzanakI utpatti huI thii| vajrasvAmIke uttarAdhikArI vajrasena huye aura inake samayameM digambara aura zvetAMbara bheda bilkula spaSTa hogayA thaa| mauryakAlakI kSINadhArA itanI vegavatI hogaI thI ki vaha purAtana dhArAke sammukha ADaTI ! zvetAMbara kahate haiM ki rathavIrapurake rAjAkA eka naukara muni hogayA thaa| isakA nAma zivabhUti huaa| rAjAne inheM kImatI kambala bheMTa kiyA, jise unane svIkAra kara liyaa| kiMtu unake 1-jaisA saM0, bhA0 1, vIra vaMzAvali, pR0 8-11 2-haoNjai0 pra0 72 Mahagiri's rule is also noteworthy for his endeavours to bring the community back to their primitive faith and practice. He was a real ascetic and recognised that under Shulbhadra's sway many abuses had crept in to the order."-Heart of jainism. P. 72. 3-haoNjai0 pR0 78 va jaisA saM0 bhA0 1 vIra vaMzA0 pR0 13 / 4-hAjai0, pR0 79 /

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anya rAjA aura jaina saMgha / [ 71 gurune zivabhUtikA kambalame vizeSa moha dekhA to use phAr3akara pheMka diyA / zivabhRti nArAja hogayA aura nagna rahane lagA / isake do ziSya kaunDinya aura kaTTavIra huye / isakI bahina uttarAne bhI sAdhu honA cAhA, parantu strIke liye nagna rahanA asaMbhava jAnakara zivabhUtine use sAdhu dIkSA nahIM dI aura ghoSaNA karadI ki koI jIva strI bhavase mokSa nahIM jAsakatA / zvetAbaroMkI isa kathA meM kucha bhI aitihAsika tathya nahIM hai; kyoMki bauddha granthoMke AdhAra se siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki jaina muniyoMkA prAcIna bheSa namna (digaMbara) thA aura yaha bAta svayaM zvetAMbaroMke Arya mahAgiri viSayaka uparokta kathanase bhI spaSTa hai / ataeva isa kathA meM kevala itanI bAta tathyapUrNa hai ki jaina saMgha meM digambara aura zvetAMbara bheda isa samaya pUrNa pragaTa hogayA thA / 1 digaMbara saMpradAyakI mAnyatA ke anusAra hama dekha cuke haiM ki samrAT khAravelake pazcAt nakSatra Adi AcArya gyAraha aMgake dhArI huye the / inake bAda subhadra, yazobhadra, yazobAhu aura loha ye cAra AcArya AcArAGgake dhAraka hue / zeSa kucha AcArya gyAraha aMga caudaha pUrvake eka aMzake jJAtA the aura ye saba 118 varSa meM huai the / ' isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIrajIke nirvANa uparAMta 683 varSa meM dvAdazAMga vANIkA jJAna karIba 2 bilakula lupta hogayA; arthAt san 138 meM aMga pUrvokA jJAna AMzika rUpa zeSa rahA thA / isa samayase kiMcit pahale zrI dharasenAcArya huye the; di0 jaina saMgha va usake prabheda / 1 - tilloyapaNNatti, gA0 80 - 82, jaihi0 bhA0 13 pR0 532 /

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72] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| jinake nikaTase nahapAna rAjAne jaina muni hokara SaTakhaNDAgama granthakI racanA karake use jyeSTha zuklA paMcamIke dina aMkalezvara (bhar3auca) meM lipibaddha kiyA thA / isI kAraNa yaha pavitra dina "zrutAvatAra" ke nAmase prasiddha hai| zrIdharasenAcArya giranArakI caMdra-guphAmeM birAjamAna the| vahIMpara nahapAna rAjarSi (bhUtabali muni) aura subuddhi zreSThI ( puppadanta muni) ne unase zAstra jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| ye donoM RSi usa samaya veNAtaTakapurake jaina saMghameM nivAsa hI karate the| giranArase ye donoM RSi kurIzvara dezameM pahuMca the aura vahAMpara inhoMne cAturmAsa kiyA thA / pazcAt dakSiNa bhAratakI ora inakA vihAra huA thA / puppadanta muni apane bhAnaje jina pAlitako muni banAkara dakSiNake vanavAsa dezako cale gaye the aura bhUtabali muni dakSiNa mathurAko prasthAna kara gaye the| isI jina pAlitake nimittase SaT khaNDAgama granthakI racanA huI thii| zrI indranandikRta zrutAvatAra kathAke anusAra isa ghaTanAke pahale jainasaMgha nandi, deva, sena, vIra (siMha) aura bhadra nAmaka saMghoMmeM vibhakta hogayA thaa| ye vibhAga zrI arhadvali AcArya dvArA kiye gaye the / inameM koI siddhAMta bheda nahIM haiN| kintu zravaNabalagulake zilAlekha naM0 108 se pragaTa hai ki akalaMkasvAmIke svargavAsake pazcAt saMgha dezabhedase 'sena', 'naMdi', 'deva' aura 'siMha' ina cAra bhedoMmeM vibhAjita huA thaa| zrI paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra pragaTa 1-zrutAvatAra kathA, pR0 16-20 2-jaizisaM0 bhUmikA, pR0 145

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [73 karate haiM ki 'akalaMkase pahaleke sAhityameM ina cAra prakArake saMghoMkA koI ullekha bhI abhItaka dekhanemeM nahIM AyA, jisame isa (zi0 naM0 108 ke ) kathanake satya honekI bahuta kucha sambhAvanA pAI jAtI hai : saMbhava hai mukhtAra sA0 kA yaha anumAna ThIka ho; kiMtu kuzAnakAlake kauzAmbIvAle legvameM eka AcAryakA nAma zivanaMdi hai aura yaha 'naMdi' vizeSaNa yukta hai| zvetAmbara saMpradAyameM bhI isI samayake lagabhaga arthAt vIra nirvANAndase 582 varSa bAda (1) nAgindra, (2) caMdra, (3) nirvRti aura (4) vidyAdhara nAmaka cAra zAkhAyeM pragaTa huI thIM; jinase hI uparAnta 84 gaccha nikale the| ataeva arhadvali AcAryake samayameM hI digambara jaina saMgha cAra bhAgoMmeM vibhakta huA ho to koI Azcarya nahIM ! arhadvaliko zrI guptigupti aura vizAkhAcArya bhI kahate haiM-zrI arhadvali, mAghanaMdi, dharasena, puppadanta aura bhUtabali, ye saba prAyaH eka hI samayake vidvAn pratIta hote haiN| ____balAtkAragaNakI utpattike viSayameM kucha jJAta nahIM hai| DaoN0 haoNrNale anumAna karate haiM ki arhadvalike nAma apekSA hI isa gaNakI utpatti huI hai| naMdigaNa, dezIgaNa aura balAtkAragaNa parampara abhinna haiN| gaNabheda jaina saMghameM bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samayase , 1-razrA0, jIvanI pR0 181 / 2-saMprAjaismA0 pR0 25 / 3-jaisA saM0, bhA0 1, vIra vaMzAvali, pR0 15 / 4-zrA0, jIvanI, pR0 187 / 5-iMai0, bhA0 20, pR0 342 / 6-jaizi0 saM0, bhUmikA pR0 146 /

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74] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / vidyamAna thA / uparAnta isa gaNake aneka bheda deza athavA AcAryaparamparako lakSya karake hogaye haiN| udAharaNataH 'dezIgaNa'ko le lIjiye / 'bAhubalicaritra' meM isa gaNake AcAryokI prasiddhi deza dezAntaroM (dezadezanikare ) meM honeke kAraNa isakA nAma dezIgaNa par3A batalAyA hai; kiMtu mi0 govindapai isa vyAkhyAko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| vaha kahate haiM ki dakSiNa bhAratake pazcimIyaghATa, bAlAghATa, karNATaka aura godAvarI nadIkA madhyavartI pradeza 'deza' nAmase prasiddha hai aura vahAMke brAhmaNa Aja bhI 'dezastha brAhmaNa kahalAte haiN| ataH naMdisaMghake AcAryoMkA keMdra isa deza nAmaka pradezameM rahaneke kAraNa 'dezIyagaNa' ke nAmase vikhyAta huA ucita jaMcatA hai / 'punnATa gaNa' punnATa dezakI apekSA prasiddha huA milatA hI hai| isa prakAra prAcIna AcArya paramparA Ajataka di0 jainoMmeM bhI calI ArahI hai| jaba san 80-81 I0 meM jaina saMgha digaMbara aura zvetAMbara ina do saMpradAyoMmeM vibhakta hogayA; taba di0 sampradAya 'mUlasaMgha' (Real Saugia) ke nAmase prasiddha huA; kyoMki usakI mAnyatAyeM prAcIna jainadharmake anusAra thiiN| kiMtu isa nAmakaraNakI tithi batalAnA kaThina hai| aba digambara jaina dRSTise bhI saMgha bhedapara eka najara ddaaliye| 1-bauddhoMke 'dIrghanikAya' (148-49) meM bhagavAna mahAvIrako gaNAcArya likhA hai| gaNadharoMke astitvase gaNakA honA svata: siddha hai| 2-dravya saMgraha (S. B.J., Vol. I.) bhUmikA pR0 30 / 3-'mahArASTrIya jJAnakoSa', bhA0 15-'deza' lekha dekho|

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anya rAjA aura jana saMgha / [ 75 zrI devasenAcAryajIke " darzanasAra " nAmaka di0 matAnusAra ve0 granthake anusAra vikrama saMvat 136 meM saMpradAya kI utpatti / zvetAMbara saMpradAyakI utpatti huI pramANita hai / ' moraTha dezakI vallabhI nagarI meM yaha saMpra dAya utpanna huA thA / kintu bhaTTAraka ratnanaMdike 'bhadrabAhu caritra' evaM zravaNabelagolake zilAlekhoM tathA zvetAMbaroMkI mAnyatAoMse pragaTa hai, jaise ki hama dekha cuke haiM ki jainasaMgha meM bhadrabAhujI zrutakevalIke samaya hI bheda par3a gaye the / bauddha graMthoMse bhI jaina saMghakA bhagavAn mahAbIrake uparAMta vibhakta honA siddha hai / ye bauddha graMtha samrAT azoka ke samaya saMzodhita aura nirNita huye the / ataeva samrAT caMdragupta ke samaya meM jaina saMgha meM bheda par3A dekhakara unhoMne ukta prakAra ullekha kiyA hai / isa dazA meM devasenAcAryakA saM0 136 ( san 80-81 ) meM zvetAMbaroMkI utpatti honA batAnA kucha ucita nahIM jaMcatI; kintu unakA yaha kathana tathyapUrNa hai / zvetAMbara bhI digambara saMpradAya kI ora se upasthitakI jAnevAlI gAthA ke samAna hI eka gAthA dvArA digambaroM kI utpatti lagabhaga isI samaya pragaTa karate haiM / usapara bhaTTAraka ratnanaMdike 'bhadrabAhu caritra ' 1 - chattIse varisasae vikkamarAyassa maraNa pattassa | soTThe bala - - hIe uppaNNo sevaDo saMgho / / 11 / / - darzanasAraH / 2-dIni0 3 pR0 117- 118, mani0 bhA0 2pR0 143 va bhamavu0 pR0 214 3 - "chavAsa sahassehiM navuttarehiM siddhiM gavassa vIrassa / to boDiyA viTThI rahavIrapure samupannA // " kintu gAthA digambara granthakI nimna gAthAkA zvetAMbaroMkI yaha pramANabhUta rUpAMtara pratIta hotA hai / -

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76] saMkSipta jana itihaas| - se pragaTa hai ki bhadrabAhu svAmIke samaya saMgha bheda upasthita huA, taba kSINa rUpameM prAcIna nigraMtha saMghase eka zAkhA alaga hogaI thI aura vaha apane siddhAMta grantha Adi ThIka karanemeM vyagra rahI thii| vaha 'arddhaphAlaka' saMpradAya thI aura isake sAdhu khaNDa vastra grahaNa karate the / zvetAMbaroMkA pUrvaja yaha 'arddhaphAlaka' saMpradAya thaa| katipaya vidvAn 'arddhaphAlaka' saMpradAyakA astitva svIkAra nahIM karate haiM; kintu mathurAke purAtatvase isa sampradAyakA astitva pramANita hotA hai| mathurAkA pleTa naM0 17 eka toraNa stambhakA citra hai| isameM eka jaina sAdhu savastra dikhAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra eka padmAsanastha jaina mUrti sAre zarIrapara vastra pahare hue pleTa naM0 16ke citrameM darzAI gaI hai| naM0 17 vAlI pleTa meM dUsarI ora jo dRzya aGkita hai, vaha arddhaphAlaka sampradAyake astitvakI pramANika sAkSI hai / usake Uparake aMzameM eka stUpa hai aura usake donoM ora do do tIrthakara haiM / nIceke aMzameM eka muni hAthakI kalAIpara kapar3A DAle huye khar3e haiN| unakA sIdhA hAtha kaMdhekI ora uThA huA hai, jisameM kyoMki svayaM zvetAMbarAcArya jinezvarasUrine digambaroMke isa gAthAkA ullekha kiyA hai:-"chabbAsa saehiM na uttarehiM tatthA siddhi gayassa vIrassa / kaMvaliyANaM diTThI balahI purie samuppaNNA // " jaihi0 bhA0 13 pR0 400 / 1-jaistUpa0 pR0 24 / 2-jaistUpa0 pR0 41 / zvetAMbara zAstra apanI mUrtiyoM meM vastra cinha aMkita karanA batalAte haiN| unameM mUrtiyoMko vastrAcchAdita banAne kA vidhAna hamAre dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| bhUmUrtiko vastrAlaMkAraseSita karanekI prathA zvetAMbaroM meM arvAcIna hai|

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [77 pArchI hai unakA nAma 'kanha' likhA huA hai| isapara kuzana maM. 95 kA eka lekha hai jisameM koTiyagaNa thAniyakula aura vairazAkhAke Arya arahakA ullekha hai| ina gaNAdikA patA saMbhavataH zvetAMbaroMkI sthivirAvalImeM lagatA hai| isa dazAmeM 'ardhaphAlaka saMpra. dAyako zvetAMbaroMkA pUrvaja mAnanA anucita nahIM hai| ima paTake muni ardhaphAlaka sampradAyake mAlUma hote haiM. kyoMki inake pAsa kapar3ekA kevala eka Tukar3A ( khaMDavastra ) hI hai / aura yaha citra hai bhI usa samayakA jaba zvetAMbara aura digaMbara bheda pUrNataH vyakta honeke sannikaTa thA / aise samayameM jaina saMghameM eka mahA krAntiI upasthita huI pratIta hotI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki naM0 16 va naM0 17 ke pleToMmeM savastradhArI mUrti aura sAdhutaka darzAye gaye haiN| mAlUma aisA hotA hai ki mauryakAlase IsavI sanke prArambhika samayatakake antarAlameM vaha zAkhA jo prAcIna nigraMtha (nagna) maMghame alaga huI thI, itanI balavAna hogaI thI ki vaha aba tIrthoM aura mUrtiyoMpara bhI apanA adhikAra sthApita karanekI ceSTA karane lagI thI / bhagavAn kuMdakuMdAcArya isI samaya huye the aura unake vaktavyoMse spaSTa hai ki unake samayameM avazya hI jaina muni vastra dhAraNa karane lage the, apane mantavyako puSTa karanevAle grantha racane lage the aura mUrti Adike liye jhagar3ane lage the| AcArya mahArAjane tilatuSamAtra parigraha rahita digaMbara muniko hI caityagraha batalAyA hai| unhoMne logoMkA dhyAna vyavahArakI orase haTAnekA prayatna kiyA thA; kyoMki usameM nivRtti mArgake upAsaka sAdhu loga bhI burI taraha phaMsa

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78 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | gaye the / digambara aura zvetAMbara, donoM saMpradAyoMke graMthoMse prakaTa hai ki isa kAlake lagabhaga tIrthoM ke saMbandha meM donoM saMpradAyoMmeM jhagar3A huA thA / kuMdakuMdAcAryane ujjayaMta ( girinAra ) para sarasvatIkI pASANa mUrtiko vAcAla karake nagna rahanevAle nirgratha sAdhuoMke pakSako sabala banAyA thA / 4 zvetAMbaroM ke pUrvaja ( Fore runners ) prAcIna mUrtiyoMkI AkRtiyoMko nahIM badala pAye the arthAt isa samayataka jaina mUrtiyAM bilakula vastra cihna rahita nagna banAI jAtI thIM; jaise ki mathurA aura khaNDagirikI guphAoMvAlI prAcIna mUrtiyoMse pramANita hai / prAcIna mUrtiyoMko bhale hI zvetAMbara badalane meM asamartha rahe hoM; kiMtu unhoMne navIna mUrtiyoMko vastra cihnAGkita banAnA prArambha kara diyA thA, isameM saMzaya nahIM / jaina saMgha meM huI isa krAMtikA kaTu pariNAma yaha nikalA ki vi0 saM0 136 (san 80 I0) meM digaMbara aura zvetAMbara saMpradAyoMkI jar3a khUba pukhtA jama gaI aura unameM ApasI virodha par3a gayA / * bhadrabAhu dvitIya saMbhavataH isa samaya di0 sampradAya ke adhyakSa the / " uparokta varNanane spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrajIke nirvANa kAlase lekara IsavI san ke prAraMbhika kAla tatkAlIna jainadharma | taka ke samaya meM jainadharma meM bar3A aMtara par3a gayA thA / dvAdazAMgavANI bilakula lupta hogaI thI / usake sthAnapara naye 2 grantha AcAryoM dvArA race jAne lage the| udhara I 1 - vizeSa ke liye dekho 'vIra' varSa 4 pR0 304-309 / 2 - ' pratracana parIkSA' prakaraNa 1 - jaihi0 bhA0 13 pR0 289 / 3 - Iai0, bhA0 20 pR0 342 / 4 - jaihi0 bhA0 5- Iai0, bhA0 20 pR0 342-343 / 13 pR0 290 / ,

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* anya rAjA aura jaina saMgha / [ 79 zvetAMbara saMpradAya meM apane manonIta DhaMgapara dvAdazAMgavANIkA punaruddhAra kiyA gayA thaa| jina pratimAoMkA rUpa bhI isa saMpradAyane badala diyA thA / zvetAMbara sAdhu vastra dhAraNa karane lage the / ina mAnyatAoMko lakSya karake zvetAMbara saMpradAya meM vastra sahita avasthAse bhI - mokSa prApta kara lenA vidheya ThaharAyA gayA thaa| zrI mukti, kevalI kavahAra Adi bAteM bhI svIkAra kI gaI thIM / kintu digambara sampradAya meM prAcIna mAnyatAoMko hI sthAna milA rahA aura isa saMpradAyake anuyAyiyoM meM tabataka purAtana rItirivAjoM kI mAnyatA rahI; yadyapi digambara saMgha bhI cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hogayA thA aura graha- sthoMmeM bhI aneka upajAtiyAM utpanna hogaI thIM / aba bhI digambara jaina dharmakA dvAra pratyeka prANIke liye khulA huA thA / jisa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samaya meM videziyoM aura cora, DAkuoMke samAna patita logoM ko unake dharmameM zaraNa milI thI; vaise hI isakAla arthAt I0 sanke prArambhameM bhI zakoMka sadRza videzI logoM aura vezyAyoM jaise patita vyaktiyoMko jaina rItyAnusAra dharmArAdhana karane kA avasara milA thA / nahapAna rAjA videzI zaka jAtikA thA, para to bhI jainamuni hokara unhoMne hameM dvAdazAGga vANIkA AMzika jJAna karAkara bar3A upakAra kiyA hai / devasaMghake jainamuniyoMne devadattA nAmaka vezyA ke ghara meM cAturmAsa vyatita karake jaina dharmake patita pAvana rUpako spaSTa kara diyA thaa| itanA hI kyoM ? 1 - Iai, bhA0 20 pR0 346 'yo devadattA vezyAgRhe varSAyogo sthApitavAn sahadevasaMvazcakAra ||4||

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80 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | mathurAke purAtatvase nartaka logoM, raMgarejoM aura gaNikAoM dvArA arhat bhagavAnakI pUjAke liye jina maMdira Adi banane kA patA calatA hai / ' ra 3. ye saba bAteM usa samaya bhI jaina dharmake vyApaka rUpakI dyotaka haiN| sAtha hI zrAvakoMmeM paraspara prema vyavahArakA abhAva nahIM thA / unameM paraspara sAmAjika vyavahAra hotA thA / eka vaNikakA vivAhakSatriyANI sAdharmIke sAtha honekA udAharaNa milatA hai / upajAtiyoMmeM paraspara vivAhasambandha to bArahavIM - terahavIM zatAbdi taka hote rahe the jaise ki AbUpara ke vastupAlavAle zilAlekhase pragaTa hai| upajAtiyoMkA janma yadyapi isa samaya hogayA thA; kiMtu pranako vizeSa mahatva prApta nahIM thA / zilAlekhoM aura zAstroMmeM unakA ullekha ' vaNika ' yA ' vaizya ' nAmase milatA hai / unameM paraspara kucha bhI bhedabhAva na thA / jisa prakAra Aja eka hI upajAtike vividha gotra grAmoM apekSA, jaise kAzalIvAla, rapariyA Adi svataMtra rUpameM ulli khita hote hue bhI upajAti se kucha bhI virodha nahIM rakhate; isI taraha mAlUma hotA hai, usa samaya eka bar3I vaizya jAtike antargata yaha upajAtiyAM grAmAdi apekSA apanA prathak nAmakaraNa rakhate hue bhI usase vilaga nahIM thIM / 1 - 'vIra' varSa 4 pR0 302 - Mathera jain image inscription of sam: 25 records the gift of Vasu, the wife of a dyer....... iaiM0, bhA0 33 pR0 37-38 2 - vIra, varSa 4 pR0 301 3 - prAjailesaM0 pR0 87

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anya rAjA ora jaina saMgha / jisa samaya isa bharatakSetra meM karmabhUmikA prAdurbhAva huA thA, taba yahAMke manuSyoMmeM kisI bhI prakArakI upajAtiyoMkI koI jAti athavA varNavyavasthA nahIM thaH / utpatti / janatA karmabhUmike kartavyoMse Aricita thI aura vaha bhayabhIta huI tatkAlIna rAjA RSa. bhadevake sannikaTa sabhyatAkI prAthamika zikSA grahaNa kara rahI thI isI samaya RSabhadevane janatAkI samucita rakSA aura unnatike bhAvase varNa athavA jAti vyavasthAko janma diyA thaa| unhoMne una puruSoMko 'kSatriya' saMjJAse vibhUSita kiyA, jinako janatAkI rakSAke yogya samajhakara yaha bhAra sauMpA gyaa| isI prakAra manuSyoMkI yogyatAke anusAra vaizya aura zUdra nipata hue / tathApi bharata mahArAjane RSabhadevajI dvArA dharmakI pravartanA honepara uparokta tInoM varNo meMke vratI puruSoMmeMse brAhmaNa varNakI sthApanA kI thii| jaise ki prathama bhAgameM likhA jAcukA hai / ' mUlameM yahAMpara isa prakAra cAturvarNamaya vyavasthA thI / ina cAravoMke sAtha vividha kuloMkI sthApanA bhI hogaI thii| yaha adhikAMza kuTumboMke mahApuruSoM athv| grAmoMkI apekSA huI thI; jaise rAjA arkakIrtikI apekSA arka athavA sUryavaMza aura yadukI apekSA yaduvaMza vikhyAta hue the / bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samaya taka yaha. cAturvarNa vyavasthA samucita rItise cala rahI thI; kiMtu usake uparAMta ye varNa aneka upajAtiyoMmeM vibhakta hocale the| jainAcArya iMdranaMdijI paMcamakAlake prAraMbhameM grAmAdi apekSA ina upajAtiyoMkA janma huA likhate haiM / itihAsakI svAdhIna sAkSIse bhI pramANita hai 6-saja i0 bhA0 1 pR0 42 va Adi purANa, parva 39 / 2-nItisAra

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82 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ki upajAtiyoMkI jar3a bauddha kAlameM par3a gaI thI' aura vaha guptakAlameM Akara pallavita huI thI ! agravAla jAtikI utpatti lagabhaga isI samaya huI thii| kahate haiM ki ayodhyAke rAjA mAnadhAtAkI 52 agravAla vaizya jaati| vIM pIr3hImeM vIra nirvANase 4981 varSa pUrva zrI neminAthajIke tIrthakAlameM agrasena nAmaka rAjA the| unake pitA mahAvIra digambara muni hogaye the / unake muni honepara rAjakumAra agrasenako vIra ni0 pUrva 4946 meM rAjagaddI milI thii| san 4521 vI0 ni0 pUrvameM unhoMne mizra dezake jainadharmI rAjA 'kuruSavindu' para AkramaNa kiyA thA aura isa yuddha meM yaha vIra gatiko prApta huye the / rAjA agrasenane vedAnuyAyI pAtaJjali nAmaka RSike upadezase apane pitRdharma-jainadharmakA parityAga kara diyA thA / yadi yaha pAtaJjali RSi pAtaJjalibhApya'ke kartA haiM, to rAnA ugronakA samaya bhagavAna neminAthajIke tIrthameM honA azakya hai; parantu aisA koI sAdhana nahIM hai jisake AdhArapara ukta donoM pAtaJjali eka mAne jAveM ! jo ho, inhIM rAjA agrasenake 18 putra huye the| jisa samaya ina 18 putrokI saMtAna rAjacyuta hogaI, to vaha rAjA ra gronake nAma apekSA 'agravAla' nAmase prasiddha huI / prAcIna jaina lekhameM isakA ullekha 'agrota' vaMzake rUpameM huA milatA hai| rAjA agrasenakI saMtati meM kaI pIr3iyoMtaka vaidika dharmakI mAnyatA rahI thii| kiMtu uparata ArohApati rAjA divAkaradevake rAjyameM vIra ni0 saM0 515 565ke lagabhaga (vi0 saM0 27-77 1-buI0, pR0 55-59 2-bhAi0, 93-99

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[ 83 ke antargata) jainAcArya zrIlohAryajIke upadezase jainadharma phira isa vaMza meM sthAna pAgayA; jise isa jAtike bahuta se loga Aja bhI pAlana kara rahe haiM / isa prakAra apane kSatrI dharmase yuta hokara agravAla jAti vyApAra - pradhAna hojAne ke kAraNa vaizya varNameM parigaNita hogaI hai !" khaMDelavAla jAti kI utpattikA samaya bhI karIvara yahI hai / yaha janazruti hai ki vi0 sa0 1 meM khaMDelavAlakI utpatti ! kisI jinasena nAmaka jainAcAryane rAjapUtAneke khaNDelA nAmaka grAmake rAjAko prabhAvita karake jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyA thA / rAjA ke sAtha usake 82 grAmoMke saradAra bhI apanI prajA sameta jainI hogaye the / ina 82 grAmoMke atirikta do grAmoMke sunAra ( sonI) bhI jainI huve the| jainAcArya ne inakA ullekha 'khaMDelagrAma' kI apekSA ' khaMDelavAlAnvaya' ke nAmase kiyA thA / isI kAraNa inakI prasiddhi khaNDelavAla nAmase huI hai / rAjabhRSTa hokara vyApAra karane lagane ke kAraNa yaha jAti bhI vaizyoMmeM ginI jAne lagI hai / uparokta 84 grAmoMkI apekSA isa jAtimeM 84 gotra bhI haiM / " anya rAjA aura jaina saMgha / * osavAla jAtikA janma bhI isI DhaMgapara huA kahA jAtA hai / IsvI dUsarI zatAbdimeM kisI jainAcAne osiyA nAmaka nagarake nivAsI rAjapUta logoMko jainadharmAnuyAyI banAyA thaa| isa osavAla, jAtikA prAdurbhAva | 1 - agravAla itihAsa va bRjeza0 bhA0 1 pR0 71-72 / , 2- khaNDevAla jaina itihAsa va hi0 bhA0 1 10333 aura , hivi0 bhA0 5 pR0 718 /

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84] saMkSipta jana itihAsa / osiyA nagarako lakSya karake inakA nAmakaraNa 'osavAla' hogayA hai| inameM adhikAMza loga aba vyApAra karane lage haiM / isa kAraNa yaha loga bhI vaizya mAne jAte haiM / aMgrejoMke bhAratameM adhikAra jamAneke samaya taka inameM bar3e 2 yoddhA ho. cuke haiN| aba bhI kaI dezI riyAsatoMmeM osavAla loga dIvAna yA maMtripadapara niyukta haiM : lamecU (lambaka cuka) jAtikA nikAsa bhI lagabhaga isI samaya huA thaa| pandrahavIM zatAbdike zilAlekhoM lambakaJcuka jAtikA evaM paTTAvalI Adise isa jAtikA mUlameM janma / yaduvaMzI honA pramANita hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yaduvaMzameM eka rAjA lomakaraNa ( yA lambakarNa ) nAmaka huye the / aura vaha lambakAJcana nAmaka dezameM jAkara rAjya karane lage the| unhIMkI saMtAna 'lagbakAJcana' nAmaka dezakI apekSA lambakaJcuka nAmase prakhyAta huI thii| isaparase zrI0 paNDita jhammanalAlajI tarkatIrtha Adi laMbecU vidvAn apanI jAtikA nikAsa bhagavAn neminAthajIke tIrthameM huA anumAna karate haiM kiMtu yaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki bhagavAn neminAthajIke mokSa cale jAneke bAda dvArikA saba hI yaduvaMziyoM sameta jalakara bhasma hogaI thii| kevala kRSNa, balarAma aura jaratakumAra bacarahe the / kRSNa aura balarAmakI bhI jIvanalIlAyeM zItra samApta hogaI thIM / yaduvaMzakA nAma levA mAtra jaratkumAra raha gayA / isa jaratkumArakI paTTarAnI kali 1-maprAjaismA0, pR0 152 / 2-prAjailesaM0, bhA0 1 pR0 83-84 / 3-laMbecU jAtikA paricaya, nAmaka pustaka dekho|

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [85 GgarAjakI putrI thI / jaratkumAra apanI sasurAla meM jAkara rahane lagA aura vahAMpara usakA putra vasudhvaja rAjyAdhikArI huA thaa| vasukI chaThI pIr3hImeM jitazatru nAmaka kaliGgakA rAjA bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA samakAlIna thA aura jaina muni hogayA thA; yaha pahale likhA jAcukA hai| usake bAda kaliMGga rAjyakA kyA huA ? yaha kucha patA nahIM calatA / zAyada kisI anya rAjAkA vahAMpara adhikAra hogayA ho / jaina samrAT khAravelake zilAlekhake anusAra kauzala dezake rAjAkA kaliGgameM Adhipatya jamanA pragaTa hai| kiMtu bIcameM magadhake nandarAja bhI vahAM kucha varSoMtaka rAjyAdhikArI rahe the| ataH yaha nissandeha ThIka pratIta hotA hai ki kaliGgameM yaduvazI jaratkumArake vaMzaja rAjabhraSTa hogaye the / mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha kaliGga chor3akara kahIM anyatra cale gaye the| ataH lomakaraNa rAjA isI samaya huye hoNge| jaratkumArakI saMtAnameM unakA honA saMbhAvita hai; kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samayataka yaduvaMzake jo rAjA hue unameM isa nAmakA koI rAjA nahIM hai| isa avasthAmeM naMdarAjadvArA parAjita hokara kaliGgase nikalanepara jo rAjA isa vaMzameM hue, unameM hI lomakaraNa rAjAkA honA susaMgata hai / isa apekSA vaha IsavI pUrva pahalI va dUsarI zatAbdimeM hue anumAna kiye jAsakate haiN| unheM bhagavAna neminAthajIke samayameM huA mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| lamecuoMkI purAnI paTTAvaliyoMmeM rAjA lomakaraNa athavA lambakarNako 1-hari0 pR0 587-602 aura 623 / 2-javioso0 bhA0 3 pR0 435-438 / 3-hari0 pR0 623 /

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86] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| apanA deza chor3akara lambakAMcana dezameM rAjya sthApita karate likhA hai|" ___ yaha ghaTanA bhI kaliGgase yaduvaMziyoM (harivaMzI) ke anyatra jAneke ullekhase ThIka baiThatI hai / kintu koI mahAzaya lambakAMcana dezako dvArikAkA nikaTavartI athavA usakA apara nAma hI samajhate haiM; / para yaha nAma dvArikAkA athavA usake AsapAsavAle kisI dezakA nahIM miltaa| isa kAraNa lambakAMcana dezako gujarAtameM mAna lenA kaTina hai / ' rAjAvalI kathA ' meM bhI samantabhadra svAmIke bhramaNa sambandhI varNanameM eka deza ' lAmvuza' bhI ullikhita huA hai aura vaha maNuvakahallI nAmaka deza athavA nagarake bAda ginAyA gayA hai| isakA sAdRzya lambakAMcanase hai / saMbhava hai ki lAmbuzakA apara nAma lambakAMcana ho / ___ maNuvakahallI deza dakSiNa bhAratameM sthita pratIta hotA hai| ataeva lAvuza deza usake samIpa hI kahIM honA upayukta hai / yadi lambakAJcanako eka saMyukta nAma mAnA jAya, to pragaTa hai ki 'lamba' to 'lAmbuza' kA dyotaka hai aura 'kAJcana' jainoMke prAcIna kendra kAMcIpurakA paricAyaka hosaktA hai| isa dazAmeM lambakAJcana deza dakSiNameM ThaharatA hai aura usakA vahAMpara honA isaliye saMbhava hai ki kaliGgase AyA huA rAjakula dakSiNake nikaTavartI pradezameM kahIM ThaharegA, vaha ekadama gujarAta nahIM pahu~ca jAyagA / dakSiNa bhAratake tAmila dezameM IsavI prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoMmeM lambakarNa nAmaka kSatriya prasiddha the, yaha bAta itihAsase siddha hai| udhara paTTAvalImeM 1-lamecUoMkA itihAsa, pR0 12-15 / 2-utkarSa, varSa 1 saM0 6 pR0 141 / 3-razrA0, jIvanI pR0 32 /

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anya rAjA aura jaina saMgha / [ 87 yaha kahA gayA hai ki saM0 149 meM rAjA lomakaraNa yA lambakarNakI saMtAnako lambakAJcana deza chor3anA par3A thA aura vaha rAjyase hAtha dhokara rAjapUtAne kI ora cale Aye the / AThavIM zatAbdike kavi dhanapAlane 'bhaviSyadatta caritra meM lambakarNa kSatriyoMko ujjainake AsapAsa basA likhA hai / ataH yaha saMbhava hai ki dakSiNa bhArata ke lambakarNa kSatriyoMkA sambandha paTTAvalIke rAjA lambakarNa se ho / apanA rAja gaMvAkara ina kSatriyoMne vaNikavRtti gRhaNa kara lI thI / isI kAraNa yaduvaMzI lomakaraNa yA lambakarNakI santAna lamecU Aja kSatrI na hokara vaizya hai / inakA janma bhI IsavI san ke prArambha huA pragaTa hai / ' isI prakAra anya jAtiyoMkI utpattikA patA lagAyA jAsaktA hai; kiMtu yaha bAta nahIM hai ki saba hI jaina jAtiyAM rAjabhraSTa kSatriyoMkI saMtAna haiM / pratyuta jaisavAla, poravAla Adi jAtiyAM mUlameM vaizya varNakI haiM / unakA nAmakaraNa jAyasa va pora nAmaka grAmoMkI apekSA huA hai / mAgadhI vyApAriyoMkI jAti to pahalese prakhyAta thI / ye bar3e vIra, parAkramI, cAlAka aura nIti-nipuNa the / pitA apekSA yaha vyApArI the aura mAtA inakI kSatrI thiiN| isa prakAra upajAtiyoM kI utpattikA itihAsa hai / yaha sanAtana nahIM haiM; balki vizeSa kAraNoM se hajAra Der3ha hajAra varSa pahale inakA janma huA thA / inake itihAsase prakaTa hai ki eka varNake vyakti kisa taraha dUsare varNake hote haiM ! } 1 - vIra, bhA0 7 pR0 470 - 471 / 2 - airi0, bhA0 9 pR0 79 /

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88] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| (4) guma sAmrAjya aura jainadharma / (san 320-500 I0)* IsAkI prArambhika zatAbdiyoMke aMdhakArApanna itihAsako pAra ___kara jaba hama kucha ujAlemeM pahuMcate haiM, to gupta rAjavaMzakA Adi- eka naye vaMzako bhAratameM rAjyAdhikArI pAte puruSa caMdragupta pra0 / haiM / yaha thA guptavaMza ! guptavaMzIya rAjAoMke nAmoMke aMtameM guptanAma rahatA thA, isa kAraNa yaha vaMza 'gupta' nAmase prakhyAta huA thA / isa vaMzakA sarva prathama rAjA caMdragupta nAmakA thA / itihAsameM yaha candragupta prathamake nAmase paricita hai / IsavI tIsarI zatAbdike lagabhaga pATaliputrapara jaina dharmameM khyAti prApta licchavi vaMzakA adhikAra thA / caMdragupta pratha. mane isI licchavivaMzakI rAjakumArI kumAra devIse vivAha karake pATalIputrako apane AdhIna kiyA thA / isI rAjAse guptarAjyakA nIMvAropaNa huA thA / isa rAjAne apanA saMvat calAyA thA; jise katipaya vidvAn 26 pharavarI san 320 I0se, Arambha honA batAte haiN| saMbhavataH isI tithiko candraguptakA rAjyatilaka huA thaa| usane * mama0 jAyasavAlajIne AMdhravaMzake antima rAjAkA samaya san 231-238 I0 pragaTa kiyA hai| (javioso0 16-2797 aura AMdhroMke pazcAta gupta rAjAoM kA rAjya huA zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai| isa apekSA 'harivaMzapurANa' meM guptoMkA rAjyakAla jo 221 varSa likhA hai vaha prAyaH ThIka baiThatA hai|

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jainadharma / [89 ' mahArAjAdhirAja ' kI padavI dhAraNa kI thI aura apane nAmake soneke sike calAye the / dakSiNa bihAra, avadha, tirhata aura usake nikaTavartI jiloMmeM usakA rAjya thA / candraguptane kula dasa yA paMdraha varSa rAjya kiyA thaa| usake bAda candraguptakA beTA samudragupta rAjA huA / yaha bar3A yogya aura yazasvI zAsaka thA / vidvAn smudrgupt| loga ise hiMdu nepoliyana anumAna karate haiM / yaha vidvAn aura pratibhAzAlI kavi bhI thA / saMgIta vidyAse bhI use bar3A prema thA / usane saikaDoM yuddhoMmeM vijaya prApta kI thii| isake kAraNa usake zarIrameM aneka ghAvoMke cihna the / pahale samasta uttarI bhAratako vaza karake usane dakSiNa bhAratapara apanI vijaya patAkA phaharAI / usane azvamedha yajJa bhI kiyA thA / aura mahArAjAdhirAjakI upAdhi dhAraNa kI thii| ilAhAbAdake kilevAle stambha lekhase pragaTa hai ki use saba rAjA apanA samrATa mAnate the| videzI rAjyoMse bhI usakA saMbandha thA / bauddha granthakAra vasubandhuse usakA ghaniSTa saMbandha thA / samudraguptakA uttarAdhikArI unakA caMdragupta nAmaka putra thA / yaha unakA jyeSTha putra nahIM thA, parantu samudracandragupta dvitIya guptane unheM hI apanA yuvarAja banAyA thaa| (vikramAditya) usakI upAdhi 'vikramAditya' thI aura vaha san 375 I0meM gaddIpara baiThA thaa| candraguptane saurASTra , mAlavA aura kAThiyAvAr3ako jItakara apane rAjyameM milAyA aura kSatrapavaMzI zaka logoMko lar3AImeM harAyA thA / usakI

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90] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / rAjadhAnI ujaina vyApArakA kendra thA aura usameM vidvAnoMkA acchA' jamAva thaa| jyotiSa vidyAkA yahAM eka acchA vidyAlaya thA / jisameM nakSatroM aura tAroMkI parIkSA hotI thii| prAcIna kAlase pazcimake agaNita baMdaragAhoMke sAtha unakA samparka thaa| caMdraguptake rAjakAlameM usakI unnati khUba huii| candragupta vikramAdityake zAsanakAlameM phAhyAna nAmaka cInI ___yAtrI bhAratameM AyA thaa| cIna dezase calacInI yAtrI phAhyAna / kara vaha bhAratake uttara pazcimIya sImA prAMtake muhAnese bhAratameM praviSTa huA thA / vaha chaH varSa taka bhAratameM ghUmatA rahA thaa| bhAratameM Akara usane bauddha dharma aura pAlI evaM saMskRta bhASAkA adhyayana kiyA thaa| bauddhadharma saMbaMdhI. aneka granthoMko vaha cIna legayA thaa| sacamuca phAhyAnakA dharma prema atyanta sarAhanIya aura anukaraNIya hai| isa yAtrAmeM use kula 15. varSa lage the| usane apane bhramaNa-vRtAMtameM tatkAlIna bhAratakA acchA varNana likhA hai| usane bhAratake 'madhya deza' ke sambandhameM likhA hai ki prajA prabhUta aura sukhI hai| vyavahArako likhA par3hI aura paMcAyata kucha nahIM hai| ve rAjAkI bhUmi jotate haiM aura usakA aMza dete haiM, jahAM cAheM jAMya, jahAM cAheM raheM / rAjA na prANa daNDa detA hai na zArIrika daNDa detA hai| aparAdhIko avasthAnusAra uttama sAhasa vA madhyaya sAhasakA artha daNDa diyA jAtA hai| vAra kAra dasyukarma karanepara dakSiNa karaccheda kiyA jAtA hai / rAjAke pratihAra aura sahacara vetana bhogI hote haiM / sAre dezameM sivAya cAMDAlake koI adhivAsI na jIva hiMsA karatA hai, na madya pItA hai aura

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jaindhrm| [91 na lahasuna khAtA hai / damyuko cAMDAla kahate haiM / ve bAhara rahate haiM aura nagarameM jaba paiThate haiM to sUcanA ke liye lakar3I bajAte calate haiM ki loga jAna jAya aura bacakara caleM : kahIM unase hU na jAya ! janapadameM sUara aura murgI nahIM pAlate / na jIvita pazu vecate haiM / na kahIM sUnAgAra aura madyakI dukAneM haiM / kraya vikrayameM kaur3iyoMkA vyavahAra hai / kevala cAMDAla machalI mArate, mRgayA karate aura mAMsa becate haiN|'' yaha usa samayake rAmarAjyakA varNana hai / / pATaliputra bhI unnatipara thaa| azokakA mahala abhItaka maujUda thaa| loga dhanADhya aura sukhI the| dAnazIla saMsthAoM aura aspatAloMkI saMkhyA bahuta thii| pATaliputrameM eka aisA ampatAla thA, jisameM bhojana aura vastra bhI muphta diye jAte the / rAjA prajAke kAmoMmeM bahuta kama hastakSepa karatA thA / sar3akeM acchI thiiN| DAkuoM aura luTeroMkA Dara nahIM thA / vidyAkA bhI khUba pracAra thaa| paThana-pAThanakA DhaGga maukhika thA / aura prajAko dhArmika svataMtratA thI / 2 phAhyAna likhatA hai ki " madhyapradezameM 96 pAkhaNDoMkA pracAra hai ! saba loka aura paraloka mAnate haiN| unake sAdhusaMgha haiN| ve bhikSA karate haiM, kevala bhikSApAtra nahIM rakhate / saba nAnA rUpase dharmAnuSThAna karate haiN| mArgopara dharmazAlAyeM sthApita haiN| vahAM Aye gayeko AvAsa, khATa, vistara, khAnA pInA milatA hai| yatI bhI vahAM Ate jAte haiM aura vAsa karate haiM / phAhyAnake isa varNanase pragaTa hai ki madhyadezameM ( mathurAse dakSiNa ) usa samaya bauddhadharmake atirikta anya matoMkA pracAra bhI 1-phAhyAna, pR0 31.2-bhAi0, pR091-92.3-phAhyAna, pR046|

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92 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | kAphI thA / isase vahAM ahiMsA dharmakI pradhAnatA aura aise sAdhusaMgha batalAkara ki jinake anuyAyI bhikSApAtra nahIM rakhate the, vaha hameM jainadharma ke bahu pracAra ke darzana karAte haiM; kyoMki jainamatameM hI bauddhoM ke atirikta 'saMgha' banAnekI pRthA hai aura jaina sAdhu bhikSApAtra nahIM - rakhate / saMkAzya, zrAvastI, rAjagRha Adi sthAnoMmeM vaha spaSTataH jainadharmakA prabhAva pragaTa karatA haiN| phAhyAna likhatA hai ki saMkAzyake sambandhameM bauddhoM aura jainoMmeM vivAda huA / bhikSu (bauddha) nigrahasthAnapara Arahe the / isase pragaTa hai ki usa samaya jainoMkA vahAMpara prAbalya adhika thA / saMkAzya sambhavataH jainoMkA prAcIna tIrtha thA aura bahuta karake vaha bhagavAna vimalanAthajIkA taposthAna thA / usakA apara nAma 'aghahata' (aghahatiyA) isI bAta kA dyotaka hai / yahAM para Aja bhI aneka jaina mUrtiyAM milatI haiM / zrAvastI meM bhI bauddhoM aura jaina meM paraspara vivAda hone kA ullekha vaha karatA hai / brAhmaNoMse bhI jhagar3A hotA thA / sArAMzataH usa samaya saMpradAyoMmeM eka dUsareko nIcA dikhAnekI sparddhA cala rahI thI / usa kAlameM hiMdUdharmakA punarutthAna huA thA / navIna hiMdU dharma isI samaya saMgaThita huA aura adhikAMza hiMdU purANoMkI racanA bhI isI samaya huI thI ! kahate haiM ki candragupta vikramAditya vaiSNava saMpradAya yukta the / kiMtu phAhyAnake ukta varNana se yahAM ke rAjAkA caMdragupta aura jainadharma | parama ahiMsA dharmAnuyAyI honA pragaTa hai / aura yaha spaSTa hai ki usa samaya yahAM caMdragupta 1 - phAhyAna, pR0 35-36; va pR0 40-45

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jainadharma / [ 93 vikramAdityakA hI rAjya thA / ataH saMbhava hai ki candragupta dvitIyakA prema jainadharmake prati thA / yaha to pramANita hI hai ki bauddhoM aura jainoMke sAtha usakA bartAva acchA thI / jaina graMthoMmeM kathA hai ki jainAcArya siddhasena divAkarane ' avantI ' ke mahAkAlake maMdirameM eka atizaya dikhAkara vikramAditya rAjAko jaina dharmAnuyAyI banAyA thA / sva0 mahAmahopAdhyAya DA0 zatIzacandrajI vidyAbhUSaNa vikramAditya ke darabAra ke nau kaviratnoMmeM parigaNita kSapaNakako siddhasena hI pragaTa kiyA hai aura yaha vikramAditya caMdragupta dvitIyake. atirikta aura koI nahIM hai| vikrama saMvata ke pracAraka vikramAditya inase bhinna IsAkI prathama zatAbdi meM huye the / prasiddha kavi kAli -- dAsa bhI unhIM ke samayameM huye the| mAlUma hotA hai ki varAha mihira ke samakAlIna kAlidAsa dUsare the| 1 siddhasenakA samaya bhI IsAkI cauthI zatAbdi pragaTa hotA hai / ataH yaha hotA hai ki caMdragupta vikramAdityako bhI siddhamena divAkara ne unake rAjyake aMtameM jainI banAliyA ho / * caMdraguptakI mRtyu ke bAda san 413 I0 meM usakA putra kumAra gupta rAjasiMhAsanapara ArUDha huA thA / guptavaMzake atima rAjA / usane azvamedha yajJa kiyA thA / usake rAjya meM hUNa logoMne bhAratapara hamalA kiyA thA aura san 455 meM vaha unake sAtha lar3hAI meM mArA gyaa| 1-bhAi0 pR0 91 / 2 - vIra, varSa 1 pR0 471 / 3-alAhAbAda yUnIvarsiTI sTaDIja bhA0 2 (The date of Kalidas) | 4 - vIra varSa 1 pR0 335 va pR0 471 /

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94] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| usakA uttarAdhikArI usakA beTA skaMdhagupta thA / skaMdhaguptake samayameM bhI hUNoMkA AkramaNa huA thA; kiMtu usane unako lar3AI meM harA diyA thA / vaha bar3A vIra yoddhA thaa| usakA eka yuddha dulandazaharake jaina dharmAnuyAyI pupyamitra vaMzIya rAjAoMse huA thA aura usameM bhI isakI jIta huI thii| yaha puppamitra usa samaya dhana aura senAse yukta prabala rAjA the aura kanikake samayase yaha bulandazaharameM jAbase the| skandhaguptake rAjya kAlameM gorakhapura jileke pUrvapaTanese 90 mIla kahauma ( kakubhagrAma ) grAmameM eka bhavya jaina maMdira mAnastaMbha sahita nirmita huA thaa| staMbhapara eka lekha gupta saMvata 141 ( I0 san 460) kA hai; jisase pragaTa hai ki sAdhuoMke saMsargase pavitra, kakubha - grAma-ratna, guNasAgara, somilakA putra mahAdhanI bhaTTipoma thA / unake putra vistIrNa yazavAle rudrasoma huye aura unako madra nAmaka putraratnakI prApti huii| yaha madra brAhmaNa varNakA thA aura yaha guruoM aura yatiyoMmeM prItimAna thA / isIne AdinAthase Adile pAMca tIrthaGkaroMkI pratimAyeM sthApita kraaii| aura staMbha banavAyA thaa| jhAMsI jileke devagar3ha nAmaka sthAnameM bhI jainoMkA prAbalya adhika thA / yaha sthAna bhI guptasAmrAjya ke antargata 1-bhAprArA0, bhA0 2 pR0 287-skaMdhaguptake miTArIvAle lekha meM hai, (paMkti 10)-vicalitakula lakSmIstambhanAyodyatena kSititalazayanIye yena nItA biyAmA / samu-(paMkti 11)-ditabalakoSAnpupyamitrAMzca jitvA kSitipacaraNapIThe sthApito vAmapAdaH / 2-baMtAjaismA0 pR0 187-Corps. Irs. Ind. Vol. III. 3-saMprAjaismA0, pR0 4-5 /

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jaina dharma / [ 95 thA / kahate haiM ki devagar3ha meM pArAzAha aura unake do bhAI devapati aura khevapati bar3e prabhAvazAlI the | unane devagar3ha meM kaI eka jaina -maMdira banavAye the / ng skandaguptane hUNoM ko parAsta kara diyA thA, parantu ve hatAza nahIM huye / unake AkramaNa bhAratapara barAbara va rAjyaprabandha / gupta rAjyakI avanati hote rhe| unake rAjA toramANane gupta rAjyakA pazcimI deza jIta liyA / aura san 510 I0 taka rAjapUtAnA, mAlavA, gujarAta, madhyapradeza Adi deza haNoMke AdhIna hogaye / isa chinna bhinna hote huye sAmrAjyakI dazAko sambhAlaneke liye guptavaMzake aMtima rAjA bhAnuguptane prayatna kiyA, parantu use saphalatA prApta na huI, aura guptavaMza naSTa hogayA / isa vaMzake saMgha hI rAjA bar3e yogya aura tejasvI the / unhoMne apane apane rAjyakA acchA prabandha kiyA thA, jisase prajA sukhI thI / usasamayakI Arthika sthiti bar3I acchI thI / taba uttara aura madhyabhArata meM hai AnekA mana savAmana tela bikatA thA aura eka vA eka manuSya ke tIna mahIneke bhojanake liye paryApta hotA thaa| vidvAnoMkA Adara bhI vizeSa thA aura sAhitya va kalAkI unnati bhI khUba huI thI / ra 3 guptakAlameM brAhmaNa, I jaina aura bauddhadharma mukhya the / haivela sA0 kahate haiM ki I0 tIsarI zatAbditaka prAyaH 9 - saMprA jaismA0, pR0 47 / 2- bhAi0, pR0 93 / 3 - bhAprArA0 bhA0 2 pR0 226-227 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / tatkAlIna dharma va saba hI rAjakIya athavA anya dAna jaina aura sAhitya ! bauddha saMsthAoMko diye jAte the| brAhmaNa vargakI ___mAnyatA tabataka na kucha thii|' kiMtu guptakAlameM brAhmaNoMkA bhAgya camakA thaa| guptarAjAoMkI rAjadhAnI brAhmaNa dharmakA kendra bana gaI aura navIna vaidika dharmakA punarutthAna hogayA / itanepara bhI janasAdhAraNameM jaina aura bauddha dharmokI pradhAnatA akSuNNa rahI thii| jaina maToMmeM uccakoTikI zikSAkA prabandha prAyaH dezabharameM thaa| ina tInoM dharmoM ke vidvAnoMmeM paraspara sarddhA bhI khUba thI, jaise ki pahale likhA jAcukA hai| brAhmaNa vargakI mukhya bhASA saMskRta thiiN| kiMtu jainoM aura bauddhoMke grantha aba bhI prAkRta aura pAlI bhASAoMmeM the| rAjyakA saMrakSaNa pAkara isa samaya saMskR takA pracAra aura mahatva bar3ha rahA thA / bauddhoMne bhI saMskRtameM grantha racanA prArambha kara dI thI aura unakI dekhAdekhI jainoMne bhI saMskR tako pradhAnatA dI thI; parantu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki isa samayake pahale jainoMmeM saMskRta racanAoMkA abhAva thaa| isa samayake granthoM meM mukhya viSaya tarka aura nyAya thA / vidvAnoMmeM paraspara vAda hote the| siddhasenadivAkarake samAna caturdaza vidyA 1-himArUI0, pR0 147 / / 2-hiArUI0, pR0 156 / guptakAla meM saMskRta bhASAkA adhika pracAra huaa| kavi kAlIdAsa nAmaka koI kavi isI samaya hue the| amarakoSa, AryabhaTTakA gaNita zAstra, varAhamihirakA jyotiSa graMtha aura dhanvaMtarikA vaidyaka vijJAna isI samayakI racanAyeM haiM / 3-jaihi0, bhA0 19 pR0 156 /

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jainadharma / [97 pAraMgata brAhmaNa vidvAn eka aise hI vAdameM parAjita hokara jaina hogaye the| unake udgAroMse patA lagatA hai ki " usa samaya sarala vAda-paddhati aura AkarSaka zAMtivRttikA logoMpara bahuta acchA prabhAva par3atA thA / nirgrantha akele dukele hI aise sthaloMpara jApahuMcate the, aura brAhmaNAdi paravAdI vistRta-ziSyasamUha aura janasamudAyake sahita rAjasI ThATavATake sAtha peza Ate the, tobhI jo yaza nigranthoMko milatA thA vaha una prativAdiyoMko. aprApya thaa| loga brAhmaNoMke jatpavitaNDA-paripUrNa zuSka vAda aura karmakAMDake prapaMcase Uba gaye the aura zAMtipUrNa sAtvika mArgake. utsuka bana gaye the|" jaina RSiyoMkI pratibhAzAlI pavitra lekhanI. inhIM guNoMko paripuSTa karanevAlI graMtha racanAmeM pravarta huI thii| jainA-- cAryoMmeM isa samaya prAyaH saba hI AcArya dakSigabhArata athavA mAlavA aura gujarAtakI orake nivAmI the| inakA vizada varNana hama tIsare khaMDameM kareMge / inameM bhI kundakundAcArya, raviSeNAcArya, umAsvAti, yativRSama, vaNNadeva, kezavacaMdra, siddhasena divAkara ityAdi AcArya vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / inakI mUlyamaya racanAoMse mAnavoMkA baDA upakAra huvA thaa| adhyAtmavAda. darzana, jyotiSa, itihAsa, kAvya Adi viSayoMmeM apUrva racanAyeM huI thii| vimalamUrikA 'paumacariya ' jainarAmAyaNakI eka bahuprAcIna aura mUlyamaI AvRttiH hai| yaha AcArya nAgilavaMzake vijaya nAmaka AcArya ke ziSya the| gurUziSya paraMparAse cale Aye huye rAmacaritako inhoMne vI. ni. saM0 1-jaihi0 bhA0 14 pR0 156-157

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"98] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| 530 meM gAthAvaddha kiyA thA' / zrI malliSeSaNajIkA ' nAgakumAra carit ' isasamayake itihAsakA dyotaka haiN|'' bhagavatI ArAdhanA ' zivArya mahArAjakI racanA hai aura isameM jaina muniyoMke caritrakA acchA vivecana hai| yaha AcArya Arya jinanandigaNi, Arya sarvaguptagaNi aura Arya mitranandike samakAlIna the| anu. mAnataH yaha samantabhadrAcArya jIse sau do sau varSa pahale huye the| umAsvAtijIkA ' tatvArthasUtra' jaina darzanako gAgarameM sAgarake samAna pragaTa karanevAlA hai| sarvanandi AcAryakA bhUgola viSayaka graMtha * lokavibhAga ' vi0 saM0 458 meM racA gayA thaa| isaprakAra aneka AcAryone jaina darzanake abhyudaya aura janakalyANa kI dRSTise atula graMtharacanAkI thii| itanA hI kyoM ? vaha prANImAtrakI hita dRSTise apane zAMtimaya ekAntavAsako bhI ekataraha vismaraNa kara cuke the| ve * jagatake ' kalyANArtha aura parama puruSa mahAvIrake mokSamArgakA satyatva sthApanArtha, maunadharmako tyAgakara jana sahavAsameM ' Agaye aura vAda-vivAdake yuddhakSetrameM upasthita hokara, apane pratipakSiyoMkA mukAbalA karane lge| unake isa zuma prayAsase janatAko yathArtha dharmakA svarUpa jJAta rahA aura vaha kriyA 1-jaihi0 bhA0 11 pR0 133 va kali0 pR0 36 bhUo sAhu paramparAra sayalaM loye Thiya pAyaMDa / ettAhe vimaleNa suttasahiya gAhAnibaddha kayaM // 102 // paMcaveya vAsasayA dumamAe tIsa varIsa saMjutA / vIre siddhamuvagae to nibaddhaM imaM cariyaM // 103 // 2-iMhikkA0, bhA0 2 pR0 189 / 3-jaihi0 bhA0 11 pR0 548 / 4-tatvArthasUtra (S. B. J.) bhUmikA / 5-iMhikA0 bhA0 2 pR. 451 /

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jaina dhrm| [99 kalApako vizeSa mahatvakI dRSTise nahIM dekhatI rahIM / jainadharma bhI abhItaka apane naisargika rUpako dhAraNa kiye huye thA / pUjA-pAThakI sAdagI aura vAtsalyabhAvakI vizAlatA usameM bhI aba bhI maujUda thii| samantabhadra svAmI samyaktva yukta eka cAMDAlako devoMdvArA vaMdanIya ThaharAte haiN| aura unake TIkAkAra zrI prabhAcaMdrAcArya use eka rAjAkI barobarImeM baiThane yogya batalAte hai / ' mathurAke purAtatvase jinendrabhagavAnakI pUjA-arcanAkI saralatA spaSTa hai / bhaktajana apanera gharoMke phala-phUla Adi sAmigrI lejAte the| aura strI-puruSa ekasAtha milakara pUjA-arcA karate the| jina pratimAyeM bhI dAnakI vastuyeM batAI gaI haiN| jaba nirgrantha saMgha vi0 saM0 136 meM digaMbara aura zvetAM bara nAmaka do saMpradAyoMmeM vibhakta hogayA, digambara jaina saMgha / to digaMbara saMpradAyakA ullekha mUla saMghake rUpameM hone lagA aura vaha cAra saMghoM evaM gaNAdimeM baMTagayA, yaha likhA jAcukA hai / isa mUla saMvakI sthApanA bhI bhadrabAhu dvitIyake samaya huI thii| bhadrabAhuke uttarAdhikArI guptagupti nAmaka AcArya the; jinake upara nAma arhadvali aura vizAkhAcArya the| mUlasaMghameM uparAMta mAghanaMdi prathama, jinacaMdra prathama, kuMdakundAcArya, umAsvAmI, lohAcArya dUsare, yazaHkIrti, yazonaMdi, devanaMdi prathama ( pUjyapAda ), jayanaMdi, guNanaMdi prathama, vajranaMdi, kumA 1-razrA0 pR027 samyagdarzanasampannamapi mAtaGgadehajam / devA devaM vidurbhasmagUDhAMgArAntaraujasam // 28 // 2-razrA0 pR0 49 / 3-vIra, varSa 4 pR0 304-311 / 4-iMai0 bhA0 20 pR0 346 /

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100 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | I / ranaMdi, lokacaMdra prathama, prabhAcaMdra prathama, nemicaMdra prathama, bhAnunaMdi,. jayanandi ( siMhanadi ), vasunandi, vIranandi, ratnanandi, isa samayake lagabhaga huye the|' ina AcAryoM kA kendasthAna ujjaina ke nikaTa bhaddalapura thI / kiMtu eka ' gurvAvali ' meM zrI lohAcArya dUsareke uparAMta pUrvakA paTTa aura uttarakA paTTa isa taraha do paTTa sthApita huye batAye gaye haiM / aura dakSiNa bhArata meM mAnyatA hai ki isa samaya cAra paTTa sthApita huye the; jinameM do dakSiNa bhArata meM the, eka kolhApurameM thA aura eka dillImeM / ina paTTAvaliyoMmeM paraspara aura itihAsa viruddha itanA kathana hai ki inakI saba hI bAtoMko jyoMkA tyoM svIkAra karalenA kaThina hai / " PS jo ho, yaha spaSTa hai ki gupta sAmrAjya kAlameM jainadharmakI: unnati vizeSa thI / candragupta vikramAdityakI rAjadhAnI ujjaina jaina. dharmakA kendra aba bhI thI / ratnanaMdike pAMcaveM paTTadhara mahAkIrti bhaddalapu-rase ujjaina Agaye the| yaha saba AcArya nirgratha munivat rahate the / gupta kAlake vidvAnoM jaise amara siMha, varAhamihira, Adine bhI apane graMthoM meM jainoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / isase bhI usa samaya jainadharmakA unnata rUpameM honA pragaTa hai / prAcIna kAla se mathurA, ujjaina, girinagara, kAMcIpura, paTanA Adi nagara jainoMke kendrasthAna rahe haiM / guptakAlameM bhI unako vahI mahatva prApta thA / I 1 - jaihi0 bhA0 6 aMka 7-8 pR0 29 va iMai0 bhA0 20 pR0 351 / 2 - iMai0 bhA0 20 pR0 352 / 3 - jaihi0 bhA0 6. aMka 7-8 pR0 23 / 4- jaiga0 bhA0 22 pR0 37 | 5 - razrA0, jIvanI, pR0114 - 196 / 6 - iai0 bhA0 20 pR0 352 /

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jainadharma / [101 baMgAlameM isa kAlameM pahAr3apurakA nigraMtha saMgha prasiddha thA / x usake adhyakSa AcArya guhanaMdi, saMbhavataH naMdi baGgakaliGgameM jainadharma / saMghake the / bauddhagraMtha dAThAvaMsose pragaTa hai ki paTanAkA tatkAlIna rAjA pANDU bhI jainabhakta thaa| kaliGgameM jainadharma aba bhI rASTradharma banA huA thA / vahAMkA guhaziva nAmaka rAjA digambara jainadharmakA anuyAyI thA / + isa prakAra jainadharma usa samaya unnata rUpameM thaa| vidyAke sAtha hI lalitakalAkI bhI unnati guptarAjAoMke samaya vizeSa huI thii| sthApatya bhAskara-zilpa guptakAlakI lalitakalA / aura citrakArI to isa samayakI dekhate ___banatI hai| saMyuktaprAMtake jhAMsI jilemeM lalitapurake pAsa devagar3hake jainamaMdira isa samayake bhAskara zilpakA sarvotkRSTa namUnA hai| kiMtu duHkha hai ki jainoMne isa ramya aura pavitra sthAnake prati udAsInatA grahaNa kara rakkhI hai| sarakArI purAtatva vibhAgake adhikArase unhoMne isako leliyA thA kiMtu bahuta prayatnake bAda vaha kSetra punaH jainoMke hAthameM AyA hai / isa samaya dhAtukI acchI2 mUrtiyAM banI milatI haiN| dillIkA lohastambha bhI isI samayakA banA huA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai; jo apane adabhutapanake liye prasiddha hai / ajantAkI guphAoMkA Alekhya aura citrakArI sarvotkRSTa hai / ye guphAyeM bahuta prAcIna haiM; parantu inameM sabase bar3hiyA kAma isI samayakA banA huA hai| mathurA aura kAzI bhI lalitakalAke kendra xiMhikkA0 bhA0 7 pR0 441 / +dAThAvaMso a0 2 va digambaratva aura di0 muni pR0 125 /

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102] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| the| usa samaya yahAM lalitakalAoMkI zikSAkA khAsA prabandha thA. aura yahAMkI kalAkA prabhAva videzoMkI kalApara bhI par3A thaa|' ____ guptakAlameM bhAratIya vyApArakI bhI khUba unnati huI thii| jaina zreSTI dUra dUra dezoMse vyApAra karate the / usa samayake vyaapaarii| pazcimIya dezoMse yaha vyApAra khUba bar3hA thaa| romake jahAja dakSiNa bhAratameM Ate the aura masAle, itra, hAthIdAMta, bar3hiyA vastra, patthara Adi lejAte the / misra dezakA alekaz2anDriyA nagara taba bhI isa bhAratIya vyApArakA kendra thaa| vahAM bhAratIya vyApArI maujUda the| dezameM taba vyApArake kaI mArga the / eka to maurya rAjAoMke kAlakI sar3aka pATaliputrakI pazcimottara sImAtaka jAtI thii| dUsarI macchalIpaTTanase bhar3aucako jAtI thii| bhar3auMca prasiddha bandaragAha thA / romake vidvAn linIkA kathana hai ki romase prativarSa lAkhoM rupayA bhAratako jAtA thA / jAvA Adi pUrvIya dezoMke sAtha bhI vyApAra hotA thaa| isakA sambandha khAsakara kaliGga dezase thaa| madhya-aiziyAmeM eka hUNa nAmakI jAti rahatI thii| isa jAtine bhAratapara AkramaNa kiyA thA aura usake saradAra toramANane san 510 ke lagabhaga bhAratameM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thA, yaha pahale kaha cuke haiN| usake bAda usakA putra mihirakula hUNoMkA rAjA huaa| vaha bar3hA atyAcArI zAsaka thA / kahate haiM 1-bhAi0 pR095-96 / 2-jamIso0 bhA0 18 pR0 310 / 3-bhAi0 pR0 97 / 4-iMhikA0 bhA0 1 pR0 315 /

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jaindhrm| [103 ki pahale vaha bauddha thA; kiMtu kAraNavaza ruSTa hokara usane bauddhoMko naSTa karanekI AjJA dedI thI / bauddhadharmake kitane hI stUpa aura vihAra usane tur3avADAle aura lAkhoM manuSyoMke prANa le liye the / vaha kaTTara zaiva thA aura anya dharmoMkA tiraskAra karatA thaa| dezI rAjAoMne usake viruddha eka saMgha racA, jisake netA mAlavAnareza yazodharmana aura magadhake rAjA nRsiMhabAlAditya the / san 528 I0 ke lagabhaga isa saMghane use kahairAra nAmaka sthAnapara harA diyaa| aura vaha kAzmIrakI ora bhAga diyaa|' mihirakulake bAda bhAratake rAjA yazodharmana hue / yazodharmana bar3e pratibhAzAlI rAjA aura vIra yoddhA the / yazodharmA / mandasaurase mile hue lekhase pragaTa hai ki hUNoMpara aMtima vijaya usIne prApta kI thii| usakA rAjya bahuta bar3A thaa| brahmaputranadIse pUrvI ghATataka aura himAlaya parvatase samudra taTake rAjAoMko usane apane AdhIna kiyA thaa| mi0 jAyasavAla yazodharmanako purANa varNita kalki avatAra pramANita karate haiN| jaina graMthoMmeM kalkiA nAma caturmukha, usake pitAkA nAma indra aura putrakA nAma ajitaMjaya milatA hai| kalkine 42 varSa rAjya kiyA thaa| apanI digvijayake uparAMta vaha jaina muniyoMko khUba trAsa dene lagA thaa| hiMduoMke kalkipurANase bhI yaha bAta pragaTa hai| antameM ukhakA nAza eka asura dvArA huA 1-bhAi0 pR0 98 / 2-bhAprArA0 2 pR0 332 / 3-jaihi0. bhA0 13 pR. 516-522 / 4-trilokaprajJapti gA0 101-106, jaihi0 bhA0 13 pR0 534 / 5-jaihi0 bhA0 522 /

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104] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / thA aura usakA putra ajitaMjaya rAjyAdhikArI huA thA, jisane jaina dhamakI rakSA kI thii| yazodharmanakI mRtyu san 533 I0 ke lagabhaga huI anumAna kI jAtI hai aura phira usake bAda do tInaso varSa taka mAlavAke itihAsakA kucha bhI patA nahIM calatA hai / ho sakatA hai ki yazodharmankA putra rAjyAdhikArI huA ho, jaise ki jainagraMtha pragaTa karate haiN| jainoMkA AcArya-paTTa isa samaya bhI ujjainameM thaa| SPAPER - (5) harSavardhana aura cInIyAtrI huentsaaNg| mihirakulakI parAjayake bAda bhAratakA rAjya chinnabhinna hogyaa| chaThI zatAbdimeM koI aisA rAjA nahIM thA jo hrssvddhn| sAre dezako apane adhikArameM karatA / isa zatAbdimeM aneka choTe 2 svataMtra rAjya sthApita hogaye the| chaThI zatAbdike antima bhAgameM thAnezvarake rAjA prabhAkara varddhanane uttarIya bhAratameM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| san 604 I0 meM usakI mRtyu hogaI / usakA jyeSTha putra rAjyavardhana zazAMGkanAmaka rAjAke hAthoMse dhokhemeM mAraDAlA gayA thA / mAlavA narezake bandIgRhase apanI bahinako mukta karaneke liye usane unase yuddha kiyA thA aura usameM vijaya prApta kI thii| rAjyavardhanake bAda usakA bhAI harSavardhana huA thaa| vaha san 606 meM gaddIpara baiThA thA / harSa zrIharSa aura zilAdityake nAmase bhI prasiddha thA / vaha bar3A vIra thA / usane baMgAla AsAmase kAzmIra

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harSavardhana aura cInI yAtrI hentsaaNg| [105 taka aura nepAlase narmadAtaka sAre deza apane AdhIna kara liye the| parantu san 620 I0 meM jaba vaha vijayakI lAlasAse dakSiNakI ora bar3hA to cAlukya vaMzake prasiddha rAjA pulakezI dvitIyane use harA diyaa| harSane kannaujako apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thA aura vaha zAMtipUrvaka rAjya karatA rahA / usane eka saMvat bhI calAyA thA; parantu vaha adhika dinoMtaka nahIM TikA / harSakA zAsana prabandha bar3A acchA thA / harSa varSARtumeM bhI sAre dezameM daurA karatA thA aura badamAzoMko daNDa tathA bhale AdamiyoMko inAma detA thaa| usakA phaujadArI kAnUna kar3A thA / 'sarakArI daphtaroMkA prabandha acchA thA / zikSAkA bhI khUba pracAra thA' / ' nAlandakA bauddha vizvavidyAlaya prakhyAt thaa| samAjameM vidvAnoM aura paNDitoMkA rAjAoMse bhI adhika mAna thaa| sar3akoMpara dharmazAlAyeM thiiN| unameM dIna-hIna pathikoMko bhojana aura bImAroMko auSadhi bhI milatI thii| kisAnoMse upajakA chaThA bhAga liyA jAtA thaa| rAjya karmacAriyoMko ucita vetana milatA thA / loga satyavAdI aura sarala hRdaya the| rAjA saba dharmokA Adara karatA thaa| usane apane rAjyameM jIvahiMsA tathA mAMsa bhakSaNakI manAhI karadI thii| jo koI isa AjJAko nahIM mAnatA thA, use prANadaNDa milatA thaa| pratyeka pA~caveM varSa rAjA harSa bar3e samArohase prayAga jAtA thA aura gaMgA-yamunAke saMgamapara dAna karatA thA / harSa vidvAn bhI bar3A thA / vaha svayaM gadya-padyamaya racanAyeM racatA thaa| usake likhe huye nAgAnanda ratnAvalI aura priyadarzikA nATaka abhItaka maujUda haiN| usake 1-bhAi0 pR0 100-103

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106 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | darabAra meM bANakavi prasiddha the | unane ' harSacarita ' nAmaka aitihA sika pustaka bar3e kAma kI likhI hai / usameM likhA hai ki ' harSa rAjA jaba gahana jaGgalameM jApahuMcA to usane vahAM aneka prakAra ke tapasvI dekhe / unameM nagna Arhata ( jaina ) sAdhu bhI the|' san 647 I0 meM harSakA dehAnta hogayA thA / usake sAmrAjya ke chinna bhinna hote hI uttara bhArata meM sarvatra azAMti phailagaI thI / 1 harSavardhanakA zAsanakAla apanI sAmAjika udAratA ke liye bhI ullekhanIya hai / isa samaya arthAt sAtavIM dhArmika udAratA / zatAbdI meM dhArmika kaTTaratAkA jora nahIM dikhAI par3atA thA / svayaM samrAT harSavardha saba dharmoMkA Adara karate the; yadyapi unake nikaTa ziva, sUrya tathA buddhakI mAnyatA vizeSa thI / harSa ke bhAI, bahina bauddha the aura unake pitA sUryakI upAsanA karate the / isa kAlase pahale huye prasiddha koSakAra amarasiMhake samaya meM bhI isa udAratAkA honA saMbhava hai / svayaM amarasiMha bauddha the aura unakI patnI jaina thIM / jaina kavi dhanaMjayakI sahadharmiNI bauddha dharmakA Adara karatIM thIM / yaha paristhiti dhArmika kaTTaratA ke abhAvakI dyotaka hai / isa samaya bauddhadharmakI avanati horahI thI / jainadharmakA uttarIya bhAratameM pahale jaisA vizeSa pracAra pragaTa nahIM hotA / adhikAMza janatA paurANika hiMdU dharmako mAnatI thI / brAhmaNaloga prabhAvazAlI the / pardAkA rivAja nahIM thA / harSakI vidhavA bahina rAjyazrI rAjasabhAmeM baiThatI aura vArtAlApa 2 1- bhAi0 pR0 103-104 / 2 - jaina mitra varSa 6 aMka 450 110

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harSavardhana aura cInI yAtrI huenatsAMga / [ 107 karatI thI / bAlavivAha nahIM hote the| harSakAlIna sAmAjikasthitike viSaya meM zrIkRSNacandra vidyAlaGkArakA kahanA hai ki " (vaidika kAlIna) bhArata ke 1 sAmAjika sthiti / sAmAjika jIvanakI sabase mukhya saMsthA meM varNavyavasthA aura Azrama vyavasthA hai / harSakAla meM ina donoM saMsthAoMkA astitva susaMgaThita rUpameM vidyamAna thA; yadyapi bauddhoM aura jainiyoMke samAnatAvAda ke pracAra ke kAraNa ye donoM saMsthAyeM utane Adarza aura vyApaka rUpameM nahIM rahI thIM / harSakAla meM bauddhoM aura jainiyoMkI bahuta bar3I zreNiyAM vidyamAna thIM / inake anuyAyiyoMkI saMkhyA bahuta adhika thI / uttara bhAratameM bauddhoM aura dakSiNI pazcimI bhAratameM jainiyoMkA kAphI jora thA / bahutase prAMtIya rAjA bhI inake anuyAyI the / inake dhArmika siddhAMta aura rIti-rivAjakA bhI tatkAlIna samAjameM sAdhuoM, tapasviyoM, bhikSuoM aura yatiyoMkA eka bar3A bhArI samudAya thA, jo usa samayake samAjameM vizeSa mahatva rakhatA thA / bahutase sAdhu zaharoM va gAMvoMmeM ghUma kara logoMko upadeza evaM zikSA diyA karate the / yahI hAla bauddha bhikSuoM aura jaina sAdhuoMkA bhI thA / sAdhAraNataH logoMke jIvanako naitika evaM dhArmika banAnemeM ina sAdhuoM, yatiyoM aura bhikSuoMkA bar3A bhArI bhAga thA / bauddhoMke maThoM, jaina yatiyoMke upAzrayoM aura hiMduoMke maMdiroM meM zikSaNAlaya hote the / bauddha, jaina aura brAhmaNadharmameM pArasparika dveSa nahIM thA / bauddha aura jainadharma ke pracAra ke kAraNa logoM meM mAMsa bhakSaNakI ruci adhika rUpase nahIM rahI thI / . 3- bhAi0 pR0 104

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108] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharmakA adhika pracAra honeke kAraNa, uttarI bhAratakI apekSA, vahAM mAMsakA rivAja kama thaa| striyoMkI taba rAjanaitika sthiti bhI mAnI jAtI thii| unheM bhI jAyadAda dI jAtI thI / striyoMkA bhI sampattipara adhikAra hotA thA / sAdhAraNa nAgarika- strI-nAgarika bhI apanI icchAnusAra dharmaparivartana meM svataMtra thA / sAdhAraNa janatAkA prAyaH pratyeka kArya grAmINa paMcAyatoM dvArA hotA thA / sarakArI nyAyAlaya bhI sthAna 2 para hote the / zAsana vidhAna pariSkRta rUpameM thA " |x cInI yAtrI huenasAMgakA vivaraNa | san 630 I0 meM huena tsAMga nAmaka eka cInI yAtrI bhAratameM AyA thA / usane sAre bhAratakA paryaTana kiyA thA aura yahAM 16 varSa rahakara vaha san 645 I0 meM apane dezako lauTagayA thA / usakI yAtrAkA hAla eka pustakameM likhA milatA hai / vaha aphagAnisthAna se hokara bhAratameM dAkhila huA thA / use aphagAnistAnameM di0 jaina loga eka bar3I saMkhyA meM mile the / kAvulakA rAjA hindU thA / yadi kAlake AsapAsa ke purAtatvakI khoja kI jAya, to jaina cinha milanA saMbhava hai / aphagAnistAnase agAr3I calakara pezAvara va kAndhAra meM bhI jainoMkI bAhulyatA thI / siMhapura meM huena tsAMgako digambara aura zvetAMbara donoM saMpradAyake jainI mile the| gAMdhAra meM bhI use jainI adhika saMkhyA meM mile the| x tyAgabhUmi, varSa 2 bhA0 1 0 300-303 / 1 - kaMjAaiI0 pR0 671 / 2- bhAprAsa60 pR0 19 va kaMjAeMI pR0 143 / 3pR0 671 / 7

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harSavardhana aura cInI yAtrI huenatsAMga / [ 109 mAlUma hotA hai ki sikaMdara mahAna ke samaya se hI digambara jainoMkA prAbalya yahAM ghaTA nahIM thA / pezAvara ke par3osa meM sthita kAzmIrameM bhI jaina prabhAva kAryakArI thA, aisA pratIta hotA hai| vahAMpara meghavAhana rAjA jainoMke samAna ahiMsA dharmako pAlana karanekI sparddhA karatA thA / usane yajJameM hiMsAkA niSedha kiyA thA aura eka jhIlake kinAre pakSiyoM aura machaliyoMko na mArane kI AjJA nikAlI thI / kAzmIrake eka dUsare rAjA anantivarmana ( san 855-883 I0) ne bhI aisI hI rAjAjJA pragaTa kI thI / ina ullekhoM se kAzmIrameM jainamuniyoMkA prabhAvazAlI honA pragaTa hai / 3 isa samaya munijana prAcIna digambara bheSameM rahate the, yaha bAta huena tsAMgake kathanase pramANita hai / vaha kahatA hai ki 'nirgratha (Li-hi) loga apane zarIrako nama rakhate haiM aura bAloMko nauMcaDAlate haiN| unake dehakI camar3I caTakhajAtI hai aura unake paira sakhta hote aura phaTajAte haiM ' / inhIM munijanoMkI pradhAnatA prAyaH sAre dezameM thI / huena tsAMgako samUce bhAratavarSa meM balki usake bAhara bhI jainI bikhare hue mile the / " madhya dezameM bhI unakA prabhAva paryApta thA / yaha bAta rAjA harSa dvArA bulAye gaye eka sArvadharma sammelanake. vivaraNa se pragaTa hai / yaha sammelana sampradAya - vizeSakA nahIM thA / san 643 I0 ke pharavarI aura mArca mAsameM kannauja ke bAhara isa sammelanake liye bane hue eka rAjazibira meM harSane DerA kiyA thA / cAra E. 1 - rAjatariGgaNI 3 - 7; 1-12 va 5 - 119 / 2 - 3 - jamIso 0 bhA0 18 pR0 31 / 4 - Traivelsa oNpha hyuntasAMga, (st. Julien, Vienna; p.224) 5-iMsejai0pR045-46 / 6-himArUI pR0 207 //

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110] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / hajAra bauddhabhikSu isameM zAmila huye the| tIna hajAra brAhmaNa aura jaina paMDita the / rAjAke mitra hvenasAMgase kisIne zAstrArtha nahIM kiyaa| balki usase cir3hakara kinhIM vipakSiyoMne sabhAmaMDapameM Aga lagAkara usakA anta kara diyA / kahate haiM ki isa duSkAryake upalakSameM 500 brAhmaNa dezase nirvAsita kara diye gaye the| rAjA harSane sabahI dharmAlambiyoMko upahAra diye the| jainoM evaM anya logoMko bhI 20 dina taka yaha upahAra mile the| isa varNanase kannaujake AsapAsa jainoMkA paryApta saMkhyAmeM prabhAvazAlI honA pramANita hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unheM rAja--sammelanameM bhulAyA nahIM gayA thaa| ___ jaba huenatsAMga baMgAlameM pahuMcA to vahAM bhI use jainoMkI AbAdI milii| punDravarddhana (uttarIya baMgAla) meM nirgrantha loga (digambara jaina) sabase adhika the / kAmarUpake dakSiNameM samataTa aura pUrvIya baMgAlameM bhI digambara jaina asaMkhya the| kaliGga to jainoMkA mukhya kendra thA aura dakSiNa bhAratameM bhI digambara jainoMkA prAbalya thaa| gujarAta aura kAThiyAvAr3ameM bhI jainoMkI saMkhyA adhika thii| vallabhInagara unakA kendra thA aura mAlavAmeM ujjaina bhI digambara jaina muniyoMkA mukhyasthAna vanA huA thaa| sArAMzataH huenatsAMgake varNanase jainoMkA prabhAvazAlI astitva usa samaya milatA hai| itihAsakAroMkI mAnyatA hai ki san 550-753 I0ke madhyavartI kAlameM bauddhadharmake hAsa honepara jainadharma aura paurANika hindU matane bahuta unnati kI thii| 1-lAbhAi0, pR0 242-243 / 2-hiArUi0, pR0 205 / 3-bhAprAsai0, bhA04 pR038 / 4-kali0, pR0 18 / 5-lAbhAi, pR0 283 /

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harSavardhana aura cInI yAtrI huentsaaNg| [111 huenatsAMgane usa samaya bhAratameM eka vyavasthita zikSA praNA ____lIkA acchA paricaya karAyA hai| vaha kahatA tatkAlIna zikSA hai ki bAlakoMko zikSA 'siddham ' nAmaka prnnaalii| prAimarI pustakase prAraMbha kI jAtI thii| jaba bAlaka sAta varSake hote the to unheM 'paMcazAstroM kA jJAna karAyA jAtA thaa| isameM sarva pramukha vyAkaraNa thaa| bAdameM sAhitya aura kalA sikhAI jAtI thii| tIsare zAstrake anusAra AyurvedakA adhyayana karAyA jAtA thaa| cauthemeM nyAyazAstra aura sabake antameM darzanazAstrakI zikSA dIjAtI thii| yaha zikSA prAyaH saba hI saMpradAyoMke gRhasthoMke liye pracalita thii| paThana-pAThanakI praNAlI maukhika thii| adhyApakagaNa bar3e parizramase par3hAte the| haivela sA0 kahate haiM ki bhAratIyoMkI yaha zikSA praNAlI Ajakalake zikSAkramase kahIM acchI thii|' 1-himArUi0, pR0 197 /

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112] . saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / gujarAtameM jainadharma aura zvetAmbara Agama granthoMkI utpatti / prAcInakAlake tIna arthAt (1) Anarta (2) saurASTra aura (3) lATa dezoMkA nAma gujarAta hai| jainoMkI prAcInakAlase guja- mAnyatA hai ki karmabhUmikI AdimeM bhagavAn rAtameM jainadharma / RSabhadevake samaya vividha dezoMkA nAmakaraNa _ aura vibhAga huA thaa| parantu usa samaya yaha deza saMbhavataH sauvIrake nAmase prakhyAta thaa| uparAMta bhagavAn mahAvIrajIke samayameM sauvIra vartamAnake IDara rAjya jitanA thaa| yahAM prasiddha jinendrabhakta rAjA udayana rAjyAdhikArI thaa| kiMtu isake pahale bhagavAn nemanAthake samayameM gujarAtapara yAdavoMkA adhikAra hogayA thaa| yAdavoMke agamanapara hI dvArikA nagara basAyA gayA thA aura vahIM unakI rAjadhAnI thaa|' yAdavavaMzI rAjA ugrasenakA rAjya jUnAgar3hameM thaa| bhagavAna neminAthajIkA vivAha inhIM rAjAkI putrI rAjakumArI rAjulase honA nizcita huA thA; kintu neminAthajI bArAtase hI virakta hokara giranAra parvatapara jAkara tapazcaraNa karane lage the aura vahIMse unhoMne muktapada pAyA thaa| tabase giranAra jainoMkA bar3A tIrtha hai| aitihAsika kAlameM hameM patA calatA hai ki gujarAtameM jaina samrATa candraguptakA rAjya thaa| unake vaizya jAtIya sAlene jUnAgar3hameM 1-hari0, pR0 396-399 /

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grNthotptti| [113 eka 'sudarzana' nAmaka jhIla banavAI thii| bahuta saMbhava hai ki yaha zreSTI. putra bhI jainadharmAnuyAyI ho| maurya caMdraguptakA prapautra samprati parama jaina dharmAnuyAyI thA, aura usane aneka jainamaMdira banavAye the, yaha likhA jAcukA hai / usakA rAjya gujarAtameM bhI thA aura vahAM bhI usake banAye huye maMdira Ajataka sthita batAye jAte haiM; yadyapi vaha mauryakAla jitane prAcIna nahIM haiN|' samprati ke bhAI zAlizUkane saurASTrako vijaya kiyA thA aura jainadharmakI vizeSa prabhAvanA kI thI ataH spaSTa hai ki mauryakAlase gujarAtameM jainadharmakA utkarSa khUba thA / maurya sAmrAjyake bAda gujarAtameM videzI yUnAniyoMkA adhikAra jamA thA / samrAT khAravelane jaina dharmonnatike aneka kArya kiye the| ho sakatA hai ki gujarAtameM bhI unhoMne jainaaitihAsika kAlameM dharma prabhAvanAke liye prayAsa kiyA ho ! rAjA gujarAtakA jaindhrm| minenDara to jainadharmAnuyAyI pragaTa hI hai aura usakA rAjya bhI gujarAta ( saurASTra ) meM thA / kAlakAcAryake kathAnakase pragaTa hai ki ina videziyoMmeM jaina sAdhu dharmapracAra karate rahate the| yahI bAta rAjA naravAhana (nahapAna)kI kathAse prakaTa hai / ina videziyoMmeM anekoMne jainadharma grahaNa kiyA thA / aura unane dharma prabhAvanA karaneke sada prayatna kiye the| chatrapa nahapAnane jainamuni hokara jaina siddhAntakA uddhAra gujarAtase hI kiyA thA / aMkalezvarameM sarva prathama jainagraMtha lipibaddha huye the| chatrapaH rudrasiMhane jUnAgar3hameM bAbA pyArAkA maTha aura aparakoTakI guphAyeM jainoke liye nirmita karAi thIM, yaha pragaTa kiyA jA cukA hai| 1-430, bhA0 1 pR0 94 /

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114 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | aparakoTakI guphAyeM vaha hI pratIta hotI haiM; jinameM dharasenAcArya - apane saMgha sahita rahate the| mAlUma hotA hai ki girinagara ke nikaTa ina guphAoM meM jainoMkA eka saMgha bahuta dinoMse rahatA calA A rahA thA / ' sArAMzataH ina videziyoMke samaya meM gujarAta meM jainadharmakI vizeSa unnati thI / sacamuca vahAM para jainadharmakI gati eka bahuta prAcIna kAlase hai / 9 chatrapavaMzake bAda gujarAtameM guptarAjA adhikArI huye the / mAlUma hotA hai ki unake samaya meM bhI gujamadhyakAlameM gujarAta rAta meM jainadharma unnata thA / siddhasena divAkara para gupta vallabhI Adi prabhRti jainAcArya jainadharmakA udyota karate huye rAjya va jainadhama / vicara rahe the / kintu isake pahale jainAcArya zrI kundakundasvAmIkA gujarAtameM zubhAgamana ho cukA thA / prAcIna jainoM aura navIna arddhaphAlaka (khaNDavastradhArI - -zvetapaTa) jainoMmeM jo girinAra tIrthake sambandha meM jhagaDA horahA thA, usako unhoMne sarasvatI devIkI pASANa mUrtiko vAcAla karake nivaTA diyA thA / guptoMke bAda vallabhIvaMzake rAjA loga gujarAtapara zAsana karane lage the| inakI rAjadhAnI vallabhImeM thii| cIna yAtrI huenasAMgane isa nagarako bar3A samRddhizAlI pAyA thA / vahAMpara sause Upara karor3apati the aura aneka sAdhu the / dhruvapada nAmaka rAjA - bauddha thA | vahAM makAna va maMdira IMToM aura lakar3Ike hote the / zatruMjaya tIrthapara eka jaina maMdira lakar3IkA thA; jo rAjA kumAra 1 - javioso0 bhA0 16 pR0 30-31 / 2 - kaihii0 bhA0 , " 1 pR0 166 / 3 - digambara jaina DAyarekTarI pR0 765 /

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grNthotptti| [115 thAla solaMkIke samaya jalakara naSTa hogayA thA / aura usake sthAnapara pASANa maMdira nirmita thA / vallabhIvaMzake tAmrapatroMmeM vRSabha cinha hai aura unameM bhaTTAraka zabda hai| ina donoM bAtoMkA sambandha jainadharmase hai / mAlUma hotA hai isa vaMzake kaI rAjA jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| san 228 I0kA zilAditya prathama nAmaka rAjA niHsaMdeha jainadharmAnuyAyI thA / pharistAne use * bhAratakA rAjA jUnaH ' likhA hai| phAhyAna nAmaka cInI yAtrIko vallabhIke jaina rAjA bhAratapara rAjya karate mile the| taba isa vaMzakA zilAditya saptama nAmaka rAjA ( sana 390 ) jaina siMhAsanArUr3ha thA / vallabhImeM phAdyAnane jina maMdiroMke darzana kiye the| usa cInI yAtrIne jainiyoMke paryaSaNa parvameM rathotsavakI bar3I prazaMsA likhI hai| phAhyAnane likhA hai kiuna dinoMmeM dezabharameM koI kisI jaMtukA vadha nahIM karatA thA, na madirA pItA thA na lahasuna-pyAja khAtA thaa| bAjArameM sUnAgAra nahIM the, na pazuoMkA vyApAra hotA thA, na kasAIkI dukAneM khulatI thIM aura na zarAbakI dukAneM thIM / ' vallabhIvaMzake nAza honepara cAlukyoMne dakSiNase Akara gujarAtapara adhikAra jamAyA thaa| isa vaMzameM saMbhavataH jayasiMha barmana parama bhaTTAraka (666-693) ko jainadharmase prema thaa| isI samaya eka choTAsA gurjara rAjya bharUcake pAsa rAjya karatA thaa| usameM jayabhaTTa prathama eka vijayI aura dharmAtmA rAjA thA tathA usakI upAdhimeM 'vItarAga' zabda hai / isI prakAra usake putra daddA dvitIyakI upAdhi -- prazAMtarAga' thii| 1-mADarnarivyU (julAI 1932) pR0 88 /

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116 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | ina rAjAoMkA jainI honA saMbhava hai / ' cAlukyoMke bAda rASTrakUTa vaMzakA adhikAra gujarAtapara huA thA / vallabhImeM jaba dhruvasena prathama ( 526 - 535 I0 ) rAjya kara rahe the, usa samaya zvetAMbara saMpradAyameM zve0 Agama graMthoMkI devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa nAmaka eka prakhyAt utpatti / sAdhu the / unhoMne vallabhI meM zvetAMbara jaina R saMghako ekatra kiyA thA aura usameM aMga graMthoMkA punaH saMzodhana karake unheM lipibaddha karadiyA / isa samayake bahuta pahale hI zvetAMbara saMpradAyakA janma hocukA thA aura usane aura bhI kitanI hI prAcIna bAtoMmeM raddobadala kiyA thA; jaise sAdhuoMke bheSameM aura mUrtiyoMke nirmANameM Adi / isa avasthAmeM kSamAzramaNake liye yaha avazyaka thA ki vaha zvetAMbara jaina siddhAMtako lipibaddha kara dete / brAhmaNa aura bauddha tathApi svayaM digambara jainoMke graMtha pahale hI lipibaddha hocuke the / zvetAMbaroM ko bhI yaha ThIka nahIM jaMcA ki unake dharmagraMtha pustakarUpameM lipibaddha na hoN| vaha lipibaddha kara liye gaye aura unameMse ' jinacaritra ' ( mahAvIra caritra ) kA vyAkhyAna AnaMdapurameM rAjA dhruvasenake samakSa huA thA / isa 1 - baMprA jaismA0, pR0 199 - 196 / 2 - ' kalpasUtra' ( Jacobi. ed. p. 67 ) likhA- 'samaNassa bhagavo mahAvIrassa jAvasavva dukkhapyahiNassa navavAsassa yAyima vikya- taI dasamasya vAsassayassA ayaM asI ime savaccerakAle gacchaha iti / ' - vinaya vijayagaNi isakI TIkA meM likhate haiM: - 'balahI puramma nayare devaiDhipa muhasavalasaMghehiM / puvve Agama lihiU nava saya asI manuvIrAu // 3-usU0, bhUmikA pR0 16 /

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 granthotpatti | [ 117 prakAra vartamAna meM zvetAMbaroMke jo Agama graMtha milate haiM, vaha I0 chaTI zatAbdike saMzodhita aura likhe huye haiM / unheM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu dvArA pratipAdita yathAjAta aMga grantha batalAnA eka ati sAhasI vaktavya hai / vetAMbara niruktiyAM bhI ina AcAryakI racanA nahIM haiM; yaha vidvAn pragaTa kara cuke haiM / sAtha hI zvetAMbara Agama granthoMkA sAdRzya bauddhoMke piTaka granthoMse bahuta kucha hai / bauddhoMke piTaka - grantha pAlI bhASAmeM haiM aura pAlI bhASA zvetAMbara jainoMke aMgagranthoMkI arddha mAgadhI bhASAse prAcIna hai / isa avasthAmeM yaha kahA jAsakatA hai ki arddhamAgadhImeM pAlI bhASAse bahuta kucha liyA gayA hai / sAtha hI hameM mAlUma hai ki bauddhoMke piTaka graMthoMkI vyavasthA 30 jainoMke pATaliputravAle saMghake bahuta pahale ho cukI thI aura vaha lipi - baddha bhI zvetAMbara jainoMke aMga granthoMke likhe jAneke pahale ho cuke the / ataeba yaha saMbhava hai ki zvetAMbara Agama graMthoMmeM bahuta kucha bauddhoMke piTakatrayase liyA gayA ho / bauddha zve0 jainoMpara isa prakArakA AkSepa bhI karate haiM / bauddha yAtrI huena tsAMga likhatA hai : - " ( siMhapura ) stUpa kI bagalameM thor3I dUrapara eka sthAna hai, jahAM zvetAMbara sAdhuko siddhAMtoMkA jJAna huA thA aura usane sabase pahale dharmakA upadeza diyA thA / .... ina logoMne adhikatara bauddha pustakoM meM se siddhAMtoMko 1 zve0 graMthoMkA bauddha graMthoMse sAdRzya | 1 - jainasUtra ( S. BE) bhUmikA bhA0 2 pR0 39 va usU0 bhUmikA pR0 1- 32 va sara AsutoSa mimeriyala vAlyuma pR0 21 / 2 - iMhikA0 bhA0 4 pR0 23-30 / 3 - bhamavu0, pR0 188 / ,

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118] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| uDAkara apane dharmameM sammilita kara liyA hai " / ( huenatsAMgakA bhArata bhramaNa pR0 142 ) saMbhavataH yahI kAraNa hai ki digambara mAnyatAkI apekSA zvetAMbaroM dvArA varNita bhagavAna mahAvI jIke caritrakA sAdRzya ma0 buddhake jIvanase adhika hai / zvetAMbara bhagavAna mahAvIrako ma0 buddhakI taraha yazodA nAmaka rAjakumArIse vivAha karate likhate haiM aura batalAte haiM ki unake bhAI nandavardhana the / gautamabuddhake bhAIkA nAma bhI nanda thaa|' digambara graMthoM meM bhagavAnakA koI bhAI bahina koI pragaTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| unameM bhagavAnake pAMcoMkalyANoMke samaya vizAkhA nakSatrakA honA likhA hai; parantu zvetAMbaroMne taba hastottarA nakSatrakA honA ma0 vuddhake janma; bodhi aura parinirvANa avasaroMke samAna likhA hai|' mahAvIrajIko zvetAmbara graMthoMmeM pApoMse vilaga rahanekA nizcaya jina zabdoMmeM ( sabbaM me aparNijjaM pApaM ) prakaTa karate batAyA hai; karIba 2 ThIka vaise hI zabdoMmeM gautamabuddha vaisA hI nizcaya pragaTa karate huye bauddhagraMtha " dhammapada" (183) meM batAye gaye haiM (sabba pApassa akaraNaM) / kevala itanI hI sAdRzyatA nahIM hai balki vidvAnoMne pragaTa kara diyA hai ki zve. jaina aura bauddha graMthoMmeM anekoM eka samAna kathAnaka, vAkya, uktiyAM aura upadeza haiN| 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM rAjA zreNikakA samAgama jo eka jaina munise huA 1-sAmsa Apha bradarana, pR0 126 / 2-AsU0 2-24-20 / -3-mani0, 26-17 / 4-usU0kI bhUmikA va 'sara AsutoSa mimoriyala baoNlyUma' bhA0 2 meM pro0 bapaTakA "jaina arddhamAgadhI TeksTa" zIrSaka lekha dekho|

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 graMthotpatti / | batAyA gayA hai, vaha 'suttanipAta' (3-1)meM varNita ma0 buddha aura zreNikake milApakI yAda dilAtA hai| agAr3I * uttarAdhyayana ' meM harikeza AdikI kathA bauddhoMkI jAtaka kathAoMke samAna haiN|' 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra' evaM anya aMgagrantha bhI kisI eka AcAryakI racanA nahIM hai / balki vaha kaI vidvAnoMkI racanA hai, yaha videzI vidvAnoMne siddha kiyA hai / ataeva yaha ho sakatA hai ki kSamAzramaNane saMgraha karate huye bauddha zrotase bhI sAhAyya grahaNa kara liyA ho; jisase unakI racanAyeM prAcIna pragaTa hoN| zvetAmbaroMne jo apane sAdhuoMke bheSakA varNana kiyA hai, vaha TIka eka bauddha bhikSuke bheSake samAna hai| bauddha bhikSuke liye tIna 'cIvaroM' (vastroM ko rakha-. nekA vidhAna hai, zvetAmbara graMtha bhI 'sthivarakalpI' jaina sAdhuke liye tIna vastrotakako dhAraNa karanekI AjJA dete haiM / inake nAma bhI prAyaH donoM saMpradAyoMmeM eka samAna haiM; jaise antarijjagaM=pAlI antarAvAsakaM, uttarijjagaM=uttarAsaMgaM, saMghADi-saMghATi / isake atirikta donoM saMpradAyoMke zAstroMmeM eka jaise hI vAkya aura zabda bhI milate haiN| jaise ki pro0 pI0 vI0 vapaTa sA0 ne pragaTa kiye haiN| (1) veyaranI'bhiduggAM (zve0 jaina-sUya0 1-5-1-8) =atha vetaraNim panaduggaM (bauddhaH suni0 674) / ___ (2) vippariyA samuventi (AsU0 1-2-6-3)= vipariyAsamenti / 1-usU0, bhUmikA pR0 38-46 / 2-usU0 bhUmikA pR0. 40-50 va jaina sutrakI bhUmikA / 2-samAmi vA0 bhA0 2 pR0|| 96-97 /

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120] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / (3) jassa natthi mamAyitaM ( AsU0 1-2-6-4 )= -yamsa natthi mamAyitaM ( suni0 950) / (4) ukkuccaga-vaJcaga, mAyA, niyaDhi, kUDha, kavaTha, sAi, sampayoga bahutA (sUpa0 2-2, 29 vAM sUtra )=3 kotana vaMcana, nikati, sAciyoga....(dIni0 1-1-10) / (5) puvuTTaI pacchANivAtI ( AsU0 1-5-23) puvvuTThAI pcchaanipaatii| (6) iccatthaM gaDhe loe (AsU0 1-5-23) ettha gattito loko| (7) uTTe ahe tiriyaM disAsu ( AsU0 1-8-18)= uddhaM adho ca tiriyaM ca ( suni0 155) / (8) AhArovacaiyA deh| (AsU0 1-8-3-5)=sarINaM AhArovaiyaM AhAropacito deho / (9) ahuNA pavvajito (AsU0 1--9--1-1) acirmpbjito| (10) mAyaNNe asaNapANasta (AsU0 1--9.-1-20) =mattaJjU hAhi bhojne| (11) gAme vA adu vA raNNe ( AsU0 1--8--8--7)= gAme vA yadi vaa'rnnnne| ( suni0 119) ityAdi vAkyoMke atirikta aneka zabda bhI samAna haiM / yathAH " sayaNAsaNa-(pAlI) senAsasana, lUha-lukha, seha-sekha, vusImau= vusImato, NIvArA nivApa, macciya maccA yA mAtiyA, bhUipaNNe

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va ztre0 graMthotpatti / [ 121 bhUripajo, vigapagehI - vigatagiddho; ityAdi, ityAdi / (dekho sara AsutoSa memoriyala baoNlyUma, bhA0 2 pR0 101 - 103 ) / ataeva yaha bahuta kucha saMbhava hai ki kSamA zramaNa ke samaya meM zvetAmbara Agama graMthoMmeM bauddha sAhitya se sahAyya grahaNa kiyA gayA ho / Do0 bulhara bhI isa bAtako saMbhava batAte haiM / T * vikrama saMvat 550 se 790 ke bIcameM haihaya athavA kalacUri vaMzake rAjAoMkA rAjya bhI cedI aura haihaya va kalacUrI rAjA gujarAta ( lATa ) meM thA / ' isa vaMzake rAjA aura jainadharma / bhAratameM eka prAcIna kAlase rAjya kara rahe 2 the / kintu inakA pUrva vRtAnta jJAta nahIM hai / haihayavaMzI rAjA apanI utpatti narmadA taTa para sthita mAhiSmatIke rAjA kArtavIryase batalAte haiM / inakI upAdhi 'kAlaMjara - paravArA dhombara' bhI hai| isase inakA nikAsa kAlaMjara nAmase huA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / kaniMghama sA0ke anusAra 9 mIse 11 mI zatAbdi taka haihaya rAjAgaNa vundelakhaMDa meM cedivaMzakI eka balavAna zAkhA thI / cedi rASTrakI utpatti jainarAjA abhicaMdrase huI thI / aura cedivaMzameM jainasamrAT khAravela huye the / haihaya athavA kalacUri loga bhI jainI the / ' kalacUri' zabdakA artha hI unake jainatvakA dyotaka hai arthAt 'kala' - deha aura cUri= nAza karanA | dehako nAza 8 4 * * "In the late fixing of the canon of the Swetamberas in the sixth century after Christ, it may have been drawn from Buddhist works, Indian sect of the Jainas p. 45 bhA0 1 pR0 39 / 2- eI0, bhA0 2 pR0 8 / 1 - bhAprArA0, 3 - baMprA jaismA0, pR0 113 - 119 / 4 - hari0, pR0 194 /

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122] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / karake parama atIndriya sukha pAnekA vidhAna jainadharmameM hai| haihaya aura cedi zabda bhI jainatvake dyotaka haiN| haihya 'adhahaya' athavA ahahayakA rUpAntara hai arthAt pApoMke cUranevAlA / cedise bhAva AtmAko cetAnevAlekA hai| dakSiNa bhAratameM isa vaMzake rAjAoMne jainadharmake liye bar3e acche 2 kAma kiye the / isa vaMzake rAjA zaMkaragaNane, jinakI rAjadhAnI jabalapura jilekI tevara (tripurI) thI, kulapAka tIrthakI sthApanA (saM0680meM) kI thii| haihayoMmeM karNadeva rAjA prakhyAta the|' yaha vIra the aura inhoMne kaI lar3AiyAM laDI thiiN| inakI rAjadhAnI kAzImeM thii| mAlavAke rAjA bhojako inhone parAsta kiyA thaa| gujarAtake rAjA bhImako bhI inhoMne apane sAtha rakkhA thaa| inakA vivAha hUNa jAtikI AvalladevIse huA thA, jisase yazaHkarNadevakA janma huA thA / haihayavaMzakI isa zAkhAkA astitva 13 vIM zatAbdi taka rahA thaa| gujarAtameM cAlukya vaMzake rAjAoMne san 634 se 740 ___ taka rAjya kiyA thA / inake evaM gurjara aura cAlyukya rAjA va rASTravaMzake adhikArake samaya gujarAtameM sAhijainadharma / tyakI khUba unnati huI thii| tathA ina rAjA oMne jainadharmako mahatva diyA thaa| isa vaMzakA prAcIna lekha dhAravAr3a jilemeM Adura grAmase milA hai| yaha rAjakIrtivarmA prathamakA hai aura isameM rAjAke dAnakA ullekha hai, jo usane nagaraseTha dvArA banavAye gaye jainamaMdirako diyA thaa| baMkA 1-bhAprArA0, bhA0 1 pR0 48-50 / 2 baMprAjaismA0, pR0 1 / 3-baMprAjaismA0, pR0 113-120 /

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grNthotptti| [123 purase 20 milakI dUrIpara lakhamezvara nAmaka sthAnase tIna zilAlekha (2) rAjA vinayaditya (680-697 ), (2) vijayaditya (697-733), (3) aura rAjA vikramAditya dvitIya (733747 ) ke zAsanakAlake mile haiM unameM jaina maMdiroM aura guruoMko dAna denekA ullekha hai / ina dAtAroMmeM eka harikezarIdeva baMkApurake nivAsI the / inhoMne pAMca dhArmika mahAvidyAlayoMkI sthApanA kI thii| yaha nagaraseTha the aura mahAjana the| isa samaya yaha sthAna jainadharmakA kendra banarahA thaa| zrIguNabhadrAcAryajIne apanA 'uttarapurANa' san 898 meM yahIM samApta kiyA thA / taba yaha sthAna vanabAsI rAjyakI rAjadhAnI thI aura yahAM rASTrakUTavazI rAjA akAlavarSakA sAmanta lokAditya rAjya karatA thA, jo jainadharmakA bhakta thA / cAlukyavaMzameM satyAzraya pulikezI dvitIyake samAna koI bhI pratApI rAjA nahIM huaa| vaha zaka saM0 531 meM rAjagAdI para baiThA thA / isa vaMzake anya rAjAoMkA vizeSa varNana hama tIsare khaNDameM kareMge / rASTrakuTa vaMzake rAjA loga gujarAtameM san 743 meM zAsanA dhikArI huye the| yaha apaneko candravaMzI athavA rASTrakUTavaMzameM jaindhrm| yaduvaMzI kahate haiM / rASTrakuTavaMzI rAjA goviMda tRtIyane ( 812 I0) lATadeza (gujarAta) kA rAjya apane choTe bhAI indrarAjake supurda kiyA thaa| govinda bar3A pratApI rAjA thA / prabhUtavarSa gaMgavaMzI dvitIyane cAki rAjAke anurodhase jaina muni vijayakIrtike ziSya arkakIrtiko dAna diyA 1-bhAprArA0, bhA0 3 pR0 69 /

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124] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| thA / rASTrakUTavazako gujarAtavAlI zAkhAmeM indrakA uttarAdhikArI karka prathama (812-821) huA thA, jisane nausArI (sUrata)ke eka jaina maMdirako ambApAtaka nAmakA grAma bheTa kiyA thA / san 910 I0ke lagabhaga rASTrakUTavaMzakI isa zAkhAkA aMta hogayA thaa| sana 972 I0meM gujarAta pazcimI cAlukya rAjA tailappake adhikArameM calA gyaa| gujarAtameM cAvar3avaMzakA rAjya bhI san 720 se 961 taka rahA thaa| pahale cAvar3a saradAra paMcAsara grAmameM cAvar3a rAjAoMke rAjya karate the / san 696 meM jayazekhara jainakArya / cAvar3ako cAlukya rAjA bhuvar3ane mAra ddaalaa| usakI rUpasuMdarI nAmaka strI garbhavatI thI / isIkA putra vanarAja thA; jisane anahilavAr3A vasAyA aura apanA svataMtra rAjya sthApita karake san 746 se 780 taka rAjya kiyaa| vanarAja jainadharmAnuyAyI thaa| isane paMcAsara pArzvanAthajIkA jaina maMdira banavAyA thA / vanarAjakA uttarAdhikArI usakA bhAI yogarAja huA aura usake pazcAt cAra rAjAoMne isa vaMzameM san 961 taka rAjya kiyA thaa| vanarAjakA mukhya maMtrI campA nAmaka jaina zreSThI thA; jinakA vyApAra apharIkA va arabase khUba calatA thA, unhoMne -iai0, bhA0 12 pR0 13-16-yaha jainamuni arkakIrti zrI kIAcAyake anvayameM theH / zrI yApanIya nemisaghanAgavRkSamulagaNe zrI kIlcaryAnvaye // " 2-baMgAjaismA0 pR0 200 / 3-bhAprAe. bhA0 3 pR0 75 | 4-baMprAjaismA0, pR0 202-203 /

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grNthotptti| [125 kaI jaina maMdira banavAye the| campAnera nAmaka nagarakI nIMva bhI unhoMne DAlI thii| cAvar3oM ke bAda gujarAtameM solaMkiyoMkA rAjyAdhikAra san 964 se 1242 I0 taka rahA thaa| solaMkI rAjA jainadharmAnuyAyI the / aMtima cAvar3A rAjA bhUbhata thaa| usakI bahinakA vivAha cAlukya athavA solaMkI rAjA mahArAjAdhirAja rAjIse huA thaa| isI rAjIkA putra mUlarAja bhUbhatake bAda gujarAtakA rAjA huA thaa| gujarAtameM isIse solaMkI vaMzakA solaMkI rAjA va prAraMbha huA mAnA jAtA hai| yaha prabhAvajainadharma / zAlI rAjA thaa| isane apane rAjyakA vistAra kiyA thA / lAr3ake rAjA bArappAse tathA ajamerake rAjA vigraharAjase yuddha kiyA thA / mUlarAjakA banavAyA huA jainamaMdira anahilavADAmeM 'mUla-vastikA nAmase prasiddha hai| isake banAye huye zivamaMdira bhI milate haiN| mUlarAjane apanA bahutasA samaya siddhapurake pavitra maMdirameM bitAyA thA, jo anahivAr3Ase uttara pUrva 15 mIla hai| mUlarAjakA uttarAdhikArI usakA putra cAmur3a ( 997--1010) huaa| cAmur3a banArasakI yAtrAko gayA thA ki mArgameM rAjA muMjane harA kara isakA chatra chIna liyA thaa| cAmur3ake bAda durlabharAjA huA aura usake bAda usakA bhatIjA bhIma prathama (san 1022-1064) zAsanAdhikArI huA thaa| bhImane siMdhudeza aura cedi athavA bundelakhaMDa para hamalA kiyA thA aura isameM vaha vijayI huA thaa| mahamada gajanavI dvArA naSTa kiye gaye 1-vaMprAjaismA0, pR08-17|-bNpraajaismaa0, pR0 203-204 /

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126] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / somanAthake maMdirako isane phirase pASANakA banavA diyA thA / bhImakI anabana Abake saradAra dhandhuka paramArase huI thI aura usake senApati vimalane use parAsta kiyA thA / AbUkI citrakUTa pahADI vimalazAhako milI; jisapara usane suMdara jaina maMdira bnvaayaa| yaha maMdira vimalavasahI' nAmase prasiddha hai / isa maMdirake viSaya meM karnala TaoNDa sA0 ne .. Trevilsa ina veSTarna inDiyA' meM likhA hai ki "hindustAna bharameM yaha maMdira sarvottama hai aura tAjamahAlake sivA koI dUsarA sthAna isakI samatA nahIM kara sakatA / ' 'udaya-varAha' nAmaka bhImakA putra karNa usake uparAnta rAjyakA adhikArI huA / isane sana 1064 se 1094 I0 taka muMjAlu, sAMtu aura udaya nAmaka maMtriyoMkI sammatise rAjya kiyA / udaya mAravADake zrImAlI baniye the| inhoMne karNAvatI nagagmeM eka jaina maMdira banavAyA thA, jisameM 72 tIrthaGgaroMkI mUrtiyAM virAjamAna thoN| karNAvatI nagarIkI sthApanA rAjA karNadvArA huI thI aura yaha nagara AjakAla ahamadAbAdake nAmase prasiddha hai / udayake pAMca putra-Ahar3a, cAhar3a, bAhar3a, aMbaDa aura sollA the| inameM se pahele cArane rAjA kumArapAlakI sevA kIthI aura sollA vyApArI ho gayA thA / dUsare maMtrI sAMtu bhI jainI the| inhoMne sAMtuvasahI nAmaka jainamaMdira banavAyA thaa| rAjA karNane zvetAmbarAcArya abhayadevamUrikA Adara kiyA thaa| inakA viruda 'maladhArin' thA 1-baMprAjasmA0, pR0 204-205 / 2- rAi0, bhA0 1 pR0 23 / 3. baMprAjaismA0, pR0 205 / 4-hivi0, bhA0 3 pR0 239 / 5-baMprAjaismA0, pR0 205 /

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marrrrrrrrmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grnthotptti| [127 aura yaha 'praznavAhanakula, koTikagaNa, madhyamazAkhA, sthUlibhadra munivaMze harSapurIya gacchake jayamihasUrIke ziSya the| inane kitanehI brAhmaNoMko jainadharmameM dIkSita kiyA thaa| saurASTra ke kheGgAra aura sakammarike pRthvIrAjacauhAnase Adara pAyA thA / ajamerameM inakA svargavAsa huA thA / karNakA uttarAdhikArI unake putra siddharAja jayasiMhane san 2014 - 1143 taka rAjya kiyA / muMjAla aura saMtu isake bhI maMtrI rahe the / siddharAja eka bar3A balavAna, dhArmika va dAnI rAjA thaa| yaha somanAtha mahAdevakA bhI bhakta thA / ise maMtrazAstra bhI jJAta thA; jisake kAraNa isako 'siddhacakravartI' kahate the| siddhapurameM sarasvatI nadIke kinAre isane 'rudramAla' nAmaka eka bRhad zivAlaya aura jaina tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmIkA maMdira banavAyA / isane varddhamAnapura (vadhavAna)meM saurASTra rAjA nodhanako vijaya kiyA tathA soraTadeza lekara sajjanako adhikArI niyata kiyaa| sajjanane zrI girinArameM neminAthajIkA jaina maMdira bnvaayaa| siddharAjako jainadharmase bhI prema thaa| usane zrI zatrujayajIkI yAtrA karake, zrI AdinAthajIko 12 grAma bheMTa kiye the| siddharAjane eka saMvat bhI calAyA thaa| mAlavAke rAjA naravarmA paramAra tathA yazovarmA paramArase isakA eka yuddha lagabhaga 12 varSa taka huA thA / aMtameM sa: 1134 meM siddharAja vijayI huA thaa| tabase isakA nAna * antinAtha' prasiddha huA thaa| barbara 1-DijaibA0, pR0 8 / 2-vaprAjaismA0, pR0 206 / 3-hivi0, mA0 7 pR0 594 / 4 - baMprAjaismA0, pR0 206 / 5-iMai0, bhA. 6 pR0 194 /

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128 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa rAjA ko bhI isane parAsta kiyA thA / mahobA ke caMdelarAjA madanavarmA ne isase sandhi karalI thI / zvetAmbara jainAcArya hemacandra isI samaya 'siddhahema vyAkaraNa aura dvAzraya drAvya likhA thA / rAjA siddharAjane eka bAda sabhA bhI karAI thI / karaNaTaka dezase kumudacaMdra nAmaka eka digambara jainAcArya ahamadAbAda Aye the / zvetAmbarAcArya devasUri taba vahAM 'arISTanemike jainamaMdira meM the / kintu. inhoMne vahAM zAstrArtha karavA maMjUra nahIM kiyaa| digambarAcArya nagmA - vasthA meM hI pATana pahuMce / siddharAjane unakA bar3A Adara kiyA / hemacaMdrAcArya bAda karane ko rAjI na huye / isa kAraNa devasUrise vAda huA / sabhAmeM kumudacaMdra ne kahA ki koI strI mukti nahIM pA sakI / siddharAjane isase mahArANIkA apamAna huA' samajhA / ucara savastra sAdhu dazAse mokSaniSedha karaneke kAraNa rAjamaMtrI bhI ruSTa ho gaye / sabhAmeM hullaDa macagayA aura kumudacaMdrako parAjita tathA unake pratipakSI devasUriko vijayI ThaharA diyA gayA / devasUriko ajitasUri bhI kahA gayA hai aura yaha 'syAdvAda - ratnAkara' nAmaka graMthake kartA the / 4 I I siddharAja ke eka maMtrI Aliga nAmaka bhI thA / usane vi0 saM0 1998 meM eka jaina maMdira nirmApita karAyA thA aura usakA nAma 'rAjavihAra' rakkhA thaa| usake mitra sajjana jUnAgar3ha ke zAsaka jaina dharmAnuyAyI the / siddharAja ne 'AnandasUri aura unake saha bhrAtA 1 , 1 - hi vi0 bhA0 7 pR0 594 / 2 - baMprAjaimmA0, pR0 2071 3 - hivi0, bhA0 5 pR0 105 va baMprAjesmA0, pR0 207 - 208 / 4 - DijebA0 bhAga 1 pR0 31 /

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. - ~- ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ -...- ~ gujarAtama jainadharma va ze0 grnthotptti| [129. amaracaMndramUrikA bar3A Aira kiyA thA / aura unheM kramazaH cyAghrazizuka' va 'siMhazizuka' nAmaka upAdhiyoMse vibhUSita kiyA thA / ye donoM zvetAmbarAcArya bar3e bhArI naiyAyika the| inake ziSya haribhadrasUri dvitIya nAgendra gacchIya the| inakI prasiddhi " kalikAla gautama" ke nAmase thii| ' inake do ziSya haMsa aura paramahaMsa nAmaka jainadharma pracAra karate huye bhoTAdezameM (tiJcatameM, bauddhoMdvArA mAra DAle gaye batAye jAte haiN|' jayasiMha siddharAjakI mRtyu san 1143 I0 meM huI thii| siddharAjake koI putra nahIM thaa| kintu bhIma pratha kI eka premikAse utpanna putra haripAlakI saMtAna isa samrAT kumaarpaal| samaya maujUda thI / isa kAraNa trinuvanapAla aura usake tIna lar3ake jinameM sabase bar3e kumArapAla the, rAjya pAneke prayatna karane lage aura antameM kumArapAla cAlukyavaMzakA rAjA huA / koI kumArapAlako siddharAjakA bhAgneya batalAte haiM / kumArapAlakI eka vahina pramaladevI kA vivAha siddharAjake senApati kaNhadevase huA thA aura dUsarI bahina devala sapAdalakSake rAjA araNorAjako vivAhI gaI thii| siddharAjakI manzA nahIM thI ki kumArapAlako rAjya mile / usane tribhuvanapAla ko maravA DAlA aura kumArapAlako maravAneke bhI usane prayatna kiye; kintu anahilapaTTanake AliGga nAmaka kumhArakI sahAyatAse kumArapAlakI rakSA huI / vaha bhRgukacchako bhAga gayA / kailambapattana (Cambav) meM 1-hi0, bhA0 10 pR0 340 / 2-saDije0, pR0.3, 3-hivi0, bhA0 5 pR0 83 /

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130 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | 1 kailambarAjane inako ardhAza de saMrakSaNa kiyaa| phira pratiSThAnapura, ujjayanI Adi sthAnoM meM kucha samaya vitAkara vaha nAgendrapattanameM apane bahanoI kahadeva ke pAsa rahe / kailambarAjakI sahAyatA se inhoMne - rAjyAdhikAra prApta kiyA thA / rAjapurohita devazrIne inakA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA thA / rAjA hone para kumArapAlane ina sabakA samucita Adara kiyA thA / aliGga kumhAra unake rAjadarabArakA musAhiba niyata huA thA / isa samaya kumArapAlakI avasthA pacAsa varSa ke lagabhaga thI / inakA janma san 1093 meM dadhisthalI ( devasthalI ) meM huA thA / yahIM zvetAMbarAcArya hemacandrajIse inane sadupadeza grahaNa kiyA thA / ' kumArapAla rAjA ho gaye; parantu purAne rAjadarabArI inake khilApha rahe / phalataH inane unakA nirAkaNa kumArapAlakI sAmrAjya kiyA / kaNhadevane kumArapAlako rAjA banA vRddhi / nemeM pUrI sahAyatA dI thI; isa kAraNa vaha inako koI cIz2a hI nahIM samajhatA thA / kumArapAlane use sAvadhAna kiyA; parantu vaha nahIM mAnA / Akhira unane use giraphtAra karAke usakI AMkheM nikalavAlIM / siddharAjane eka chahar3a nAmaka vyaktiko goda lekara use apanA putra pragaTa kiyA thA / kumArapAlake rAjA honese vaha ruSTa hokara sapAdalakSa pahuMcA aura vahAM araNorAjane use Azraya diyA thaa| aura usake liye usane kumArapAlase lar3AI bhI lar3I; kintu usameM usakI hAra huI | 1 - saDije0, pR0 5 hivi0, bhA0 5 pR0 83 va baMprA jaismA0 pR0 208-209 /

Page #152
gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grNthotptti| [131 chahar3ako kumArapAlane mApha karake use rAjadarabAra meM eka ucca padapara niyata kiyaa| isI bIcameM candrAvatIkA saradAra vikramasiMha bhI kumArapAlake viruddha uTha khaDA huA; kiMtu use bhI muMhakI khAnI pdd'ii| usakI jAgIra chInakara kumArapAlane apane bhatIje yazodhavalako dedI / isake bAda kumArapAlane mAlabAke rAjAko prANarahita kiyA aura cittaurako jItakara paMjAbameM apanA jhaMDA phaharAyA / cittaurakI jAgIrako usane aliGkake supurda kiyA aura vaha svayaM 'avantInAtha' khlaayaa| san 1150 ke lagabhaga kumArapAlane sapAdalakSapara hamalA kiyA thA, kyoMki araNorAjane usakI bahinakA apamAna kiyA thaa| pariNAmataH araNorAjako kumArapAlakI sattA svIkAra karanA par3I thii| san 1156 I0 ke karIba kumArapAlane uttarIya koGkaNako jItaneke liye apane senApati ambar3ako bhejA thA; kintu vaha vahAMke rAjA mallikaarjuna silhArase hAra gyaa| kumArapAla isase hatAza nahIM huA aura dUsare hamalemeM ambar3a silhAra rAjAko naSTa karake koGkaNadezako cAlukya sAmrAjyameM milAnemeM saphala huaa| isa vijayakI khuzImeM kumArapAlane ambar3ako 'rAjapitAmaha ke virudase vibhUSita kiyaa| kumArapAlane udayanako maMtrI aura usake putra vAhar3ako mahA mAtya niyata kiyA thaa| gujarAtake eka yuddhameM jaina maMtrI baahdd'| yaha jaina maMtrI ghAyala ho gayA aura san 1149 meM mara gyaa| usakI icchAnusAra usake putra bAhar3ha aura ambar3ane zatrujaya Adi tIrthopara jaina maMdira Adi banavAye the| jaba sukunikA vihArameM zrI munisuvratanAthajIkI 1-saDije0 pR0 8-9

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132 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | pratiSThA huI thI / tatra kumArapAla apanI sabhA maNDalI sahita padhAre the / bAhar3ane zatruMjayake pAsa bAhar3apura basAyA thA aura 'tribhuvanapAla nAmaka jaina maMdira banavAyA / giranArapara sIr3iyAM banavAI thI aura - somanAtha ke maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra kiyA thA / pATaNa, dhaMdhukA Adi sthAnoMpara bhI maMdira banavAye the / kumArapAla apane prAraMbhika jIvana meM zaivadharmAnuyAyI thA aura mAMsa-madya se use paraheja na thA / vaha pazu kumArapAla va jainadharma / oMkI bali detA thA / kintu zrI hemacaMdrAcAryake upadeza se kumArapAlako jainadharma meM ruci ho gaI aura usane san 1959 meM pragaTataH jainadharmako grahaNa kara liyA / kumArapAlane zrAvakake vratoMko dhAraNa kiyA thA aura usane dharmapracAra ke liye bahu prayAsa kiye the / kumArapAla ke jainI hone para bhI usake nAgara brAhmaNa purohitoMne apanI purohitAI chor3I nahIM thI / jainadharmake saMsargameM Akara kumArapAlakI bilkula kAyApalaTa hogaI / vaha eka bar3A ahiMsaka vIra ho gayA / madya - mAMsAdi saba hI usase chUTa gaye / usane ahiMsA dharmakA khUba pracAra kiyA / apane rAjya meM abhayadAna sUcaka ' amArI ghoSa ' usane kaI vAra karAye the / jIvahatyA karanevAleko prANadaNDa niyata kiyA thA / vaise usane prANadaNDa uThA diyA thA / banArasa ke rAjA jayacaMdra ke darabAra meM usane upadezaka bheje the ki vaha apane rAjya meM hiMsAkA niSedha kara de / apane par3osa ke kamajora rAjAoMke adhikAroM ko bhI 3. 1 - baMprAjesmA0 pR0 209-290 / 2 - rAi0 bhA0 1 pR0 114 | 3 - ahi0 pR0 190 /

Page #154
gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 graMthotpatti / [133 surakSita rakkhA thaa| vidhavAoMkI sampattiko grahaNa karanA bhI usane chor3a diyA thaa| madyavikrI usane kAnUnana nAjAyaja ThaharA dI thI aura juA tathA zikAra khelaneke virodhameM bhI kAnUna banAye the / ' kumApAlake isa anukaraNIya kAryakA prabhAva tatkAlIka anya rAjAoM para bhI par3A thA / rAjapUtAneke kaI rAjAoMne hiMsA rokaneke lekha khudavAye the, jo abataka vidyamAna haiN|' kumArapAlane zatrujayajI giranArajI AdikI yAtrAkA eka jainasaMgha nikAlakara ' saMghapati kI upAdhi grahaNa kIthI aura aneka jainamaMdira banavAye the| auSadhAlaya bhI aneka khulavAye the; jinameM garIboMko muphta davA aura AhAra milatA thaa| usane poSadhazAlAyeM aura upAzraya bhI banavAe the| jisa samaya kumArapAla rAjagaddIpara ArUDha huye usa samaya vaha likhanA paDhanA kucha bhI nahIM jAnate the; kumArapAla va sAhitya kiMtu kaparadina nAmaka rAjamaMtrIke kahanese vRddhi| unane eka varSa meM hI par3hanA sIkha liyaa| akabarake samAna unheM vidvAnoMkI saMgatikA bar3A zauka thA / vaha vidvAnoMke vyAkhyAna aura upadeza bar3e cAvase sunA karate the / unake gurU hemacandrAcArya bar3e prakhyAt aura vidvAn zvetAMbara sAdhu the / unakA janma ahamadAbAdake nikaTa dhaMdhuka grAmameM . san 1088 meM eka jaina vaizya parivArake madhya huA thA aura unakA gRhastha dazAkA nAma caGgadeva thaa| unake vidyAguru devacaMda sAdhu the; jinane kaimbe lejAkara inako par3hAyA thA / zvetAMbara saMpradAyameM unakI / 1-saDijai0 pR0 9-10 / 2-rAi0 bhA0 1 pR0 11 / 3- baMprAjaismA0 pR0 210 va saDijai0 pR010-11 /

Page #155
134] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| bar3I mAnyatA hai / unhoMne gujarAtakA itihAsa bhI likhA thA / tathApi unake anya graMtha dharma, siddhAnta aura sAhitya viSayoMpara bar3e mArmika haiM; jaise yogazAstra, triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra, dvAzraya, zabdAnuzAsana ityAdi / hemacandrake atirikta kumArapAlake darabAra meM rAmacaMdra aura udayacaMdra nAmaka jaina paNDita bhI the| rAmacaMdrake kAvya grantha prasiddha haiM / 'prabandhazataka' grantha unhIMkI racanA hai| kiMtu rAjakavi honekA saubhAgya kavi zrIpAlako hI prApta thA aura solaka nAmaka gavaiyA rAjadarabArameM saMgIta zAstrakA paNDita thA / kumArapAlane ikkIsa zAstrabhaMDAra athavA pustakAlaya sthApita kiye the aura eka 'pratilipi-vibhAga' kholA thA; jisake dvArA prAcIna graMthoMkI nakala kI jAtI thii|3|| kahate haiM ki apanI digvijayameM kumArapAla jaba siMdhu sauvIra dezako vijaya kara rahe the taba siMdhuke pazcima kumArapAlakA gArhasthya pArastha padmapurakI rAjakanyA padminIke sAtha va aMtima jiivn| unakA vivAha huA thaa| kiMtu anyatra unakI mahArAnIkA nAma bhUpAladevI likhA milatA hai| bhUpAladevIkI kokhase unheM eka kanyAkA janma huA thaa| kumArapAlake koI putra nahIM thaa| isa kanyAkA nAma lilU ' thA aura isakA putra pratApamala kumArapAlakA uttarAdhikArI thaa| kiMtu pratApamalake atirikta kumArapAlake bhatIje ajayapAlakA bhI 1-haoN0 pR0 287 / 2-saDijai0, pR0 11-12 / 3-hivi0, bhA0 5 pR0 83 / 4-saDijai0, pR0 12 va baMpAlaismA0, pR0 209-210 /

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grNthotptti| [135 haka rAjagaddI para thA / kumArapAlane ajayapAlako rAjasiMhAsana nahIM diyA, balki hemacaMdrAcArya AdikI sammatise pratApamalako hI apanA uttarAdhikArI niyata kara diyaa| isI samaya hemacaMdrAcAryakA svAsthya kharAba hogayA aura unakA svargavAsa caurAsI varSakI avasthAmeM sana 1172 meM hogayA : kumArapAlake dilako unake mvargavAsase bar3A bhArI dhakkA lagA aura chai mahIneke bhItara hI unakI aisI zocanIya dazA hogaI ki vaha cArapAIse laga gaye / aura san 1174 meM vaha bhI apane guruke anugAmI hogaye ! kumArapAla eka Adarza rAjA the| unakI udAratA sAdhuoM jaisI thI aura buddhimattAmeM vaha eka acche rAjanItijJase bar3a car3hakara the| vaha nyAyI aura parizramI bhI khUba the| apane dainika jIvanameM vaha sAdA mijAja aura mitavyayI the tathApi dhArmika vratoMko pAlana karanemeM vaha kaTTara the| unakI 'paranArIsahodara', 'zaraNAgatavajrapaJjara', 'jIvadAtA', 'vicAra-caturmukha ' ' dInoddhAraka ' 'rAjarSi' Adi upAdhiyAM sarvathA unhIMke upayukta thii| __ kumArapAlake pazcAt ajayapAlane rAjyapara adhikAra jamA liyA thaa| cAlukya samrATa honepara usane solaMkI rAjyakA una logoMse badalA liyA thA; jinhoMne usake ptn| viruddha pratApamalako rAjya denekI sammati dI thii| usane bar3I nirdayatAse pahale rAjadarabAriyoMkI jIvana lIlAyeM samApta kI thI aura aneka jaina maMdira usane dharAzAyI kara diye the| rAjamaMtrI kaparadinako pakar3avAkara usane baMdIkhAnemeM DalavA diyA thaa| kavi rAmacandrako tAmbekI garama

Page #157
136 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | caddarapara biThalAkara prANa rahita kara diyA thA / aura phira senApati ambako usane lalakArA thA; kintu dharmAtmA vIra ambar3ane isa dharmadrohI rAjAkI sevA karanA svIkAra nahIM kI / unane dRr3hatA aura nirbhIkatA se kahA ki isa janmameM mere deva zrI arahaMta bhagavAna ke sivA aura koI nahIM haiM / guru hemacandrAcArya rahe haiM aura kumArapAla svAmI the / inake atirikta maiM kisIkI sevA nahIM kara saktA | ajayapAla yaha sunate hI Aga babUlA hogayA / abar3a aura ajayapAlakA yuddha huA aura aMbar3a apane dharma aura rAjAke liye usameM vIra gatiko prApta huA / atyAcArI ajayapAla bhI adhika dina jIvita na rahA / tIna varSake bhItara hI usake eka daravAnane usakA katala kara diyA / ajayapAlake bAda mUlarAja dvitIya aura bhIma dvitIya nAmaka rAjA isa vaMzameM aura huye the aura inake sAtha hI san 1242 meM isa vaMzakA anta hogayA / bhImake bAda vAlavaMzane san 1219 se 1304 taka gujarAtapara rAjya kiyA thA; jo solaMkI vaMzakI hI eka zAkhA thii| isa vaMzakA pahalA rAjA arNa kumArapAlakI mAtAkI bahanakA putra thaa| isane san 1970 se 1200 taka anahilavAr3A se dakSiNa-pazcima 10 mIla vAghelA nAmaka grAmameM rAjya kiyA thaa| inakA uttarAdhikArI lavaNaprasAda thA / jisa samaya bhIma dvitIya uttara meM apanI sattA jamAne meM vyasta thA, usI samaya isane dholakA aura usake AsapAsake dezoMpara adhikAra jamA liyA thA / vAghelavaMza aura jainadharma ! 1 - saDijai0, pR0 12-13 /

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 graMthotpatti / [137 lavaNaprasAdake bAda usakA putra vIradhavala gujarAtakA rAjA huA aura isane sana 1233 se 1238 taka rAjya kiyaa| isake maMtrI aura senApati prasiddha jaina zreSThI vastupAla mahAna ( Vastupat the great ) aura unake bhAI tejapAla the| vIradhavalake uparAnta kramazaH vizAladeva, arjunadeva, sAraMgadeva * aura karNadeva nAmaka rAjA sana 1304 taka isa vaMzameM huye aura inake bAda phira musalamAnoMkA adhikAra gujarAtapara hogayA / vAghelavaMzake rAjAoMkI sahAnubhUti jaina dharmase thii|' vastupAla aura tejapAla yugaliyA bhAI bhAI the| unakA janma prAgvATa jAtiya asarAjakI patnI kumAradevIkI vastupAla aura kokhase sana 1205 meM huA thaa| asarAja tejpaal| kumAradevIke dUsare pati the| kumAradevI anna hillapaTTanakI prasiddha sundara aura yuvatI vidhavA thiiN| eka daphe haribhadrasUrikA vyAkhyAna sunane vaha gaI thiiN| vahIM asarAja unake rUpapara mugdha hogayA aura unako balAtkAra le bhaagaa| Akhira kumAradevIne bhI isako apanA pati svIkAra kara liyaa| asarAjake inase kaI saMtAneM huI / vastupAla aura tez2apAlake vivAha bhI kumAradevIke sAmane hI hogaye the / vastupAlakI patnI lalitAdevI mor3ha jAtikI thI, aura tejapAlakI patnI anupamA apane guNoMke liye prasiddha thiiN| vastupAla aura tez2apAlakA paricaya vAghela rAjA vIradhavalase hogyaa| rAjAne inake guNoMpara mugdha hokara inheM apanA maMtrI aura senApati niyata kara liyA / vastupAlake maMtritvakAlameM dholakAke 1-prAjaismA0, pR0 211-212 /

Page #159
138] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | rAjA aura prajA donoM hI saMtuSTa aura sukhI the / eka pratyakSa darzaka ne likhA hai ki 'vastupAlake rAjaprabandha meM nIca manuSyoMne vRNita upAyoM dvArA dhanopArjana karanA chor3a diyaa| badamAza usake sammukha pIle par3a jAte the aura bhale mAnasa khUba phalate phUlate the / saba hI apane kAryoM ko bar3I nekanIyatI aura ImAnadArI se karate the / vastupAlane luTeroM kA anta kara diyA aura dUdhakI dukAnoMke liye cabUtare banavA diye / purAnI imAratoMkA unane jIrNoddhAra karAyA, peDa jamavAye, kuye khudavAye, bagIce lagavAye aura nagarako phirase banavAyA / saba hI jAtipAMtike logoMke sAtha usane samAnatAkA vyavahAra kiyA / " yadyapi vaha svayaM jaina dharmAnuyAyI the; kintu unhoMne musalamAnoMke liye masajideM bhI banavAI thIM / eka daphe dillIke sulatAnakI mullA makkAkA jayAratako jAte huye dholakAse nikalA / vIradhavalakI icchA thI ki use giraphtAra kara liyA jAya, kintu vastupAla rAjAse sahamata nahIM hue / unhoMne mullAkI acchI Avabhagata kii| phala isakA yaha huA ki dillIke sulatAna aura rAjA vIradhavalake bIca maitrIbhAva bar3ha gayA aura donoM meM saMdhi hogaI / vastupAlakA Adara bhI sulatAnakI dRSTimeM bar3ha gayA / vastupAla aura tejapAla kevala catura rAjanItijJa hI nahIM the, ve vIra senApati aura sacce dharmAtmA bhI the / inhoMne apane rAjAke liye kaI lar3AiyAM lar3I thiiN| kaimbeke saidako unane parAsta kiyA thA / dillI ke muhammada gorI sulatAna muijjuddIna baharAmazAhapara inhoMne vijaya pAI thI aura godhAke saradAra ghughulako unane hatsAhasa kiyA 1 - bambaI gajeTiyara, 2-1-199 /

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grnthotptti| [139 thaa| unake ina vIrocita kAryokA bakhAna kaI kaviyoM aura bhAToMne kiyA hai / jainadharmake liye bhI ina donoM bhAiyoMne jItor3a parizrama kiyA thA / san 1220 meM zatrujaya aura giranArajIke liye saMgha nikAla kara unane 'saMghapati' kI padavI prApta kI thii| kahate haiM ki isa saMghameM ikkIsa hajAra zvetAMbara jaina aura tInamo digambara jainI sammilita the| ___ san 1228 meM jagacaMndra nAmaka eka zvetAmbarAcAryane tapA gacchakI sthApanAkI thii| vastupAlane isa Abake z2enamaMdira / gacchakI unnatimeM bar3I sahAyatA kI / ina donoM bhAiyoMne maMdira, pauSadhazAlAyeM, upAzraya Adi banavAye the / AbUparvata para unhoMne bar3A baDhiyA maMdira banavAyA thA; jisako sobhanadeva nAmaka prasiddha kArIgarane banAyA thaa| yaha maMdira vimalazAhake maMdirake sannikaTa hai aura san 1230 meM banakara taiyAra huA thaa| yaha apane bhAskara kAryake liye bhuvanavikhyAt aura advitIya hai|' vastupAlane giranAra aura zatrujaya para bhI jainamaMdira banavAye the| vastupAla eka acche kavi bhI the| unakA upanAma 'vasantapAla' ___ thaa| unakI racanAoMkI prazaMsA usa samaya vastupAlakA aMtima ke acche 2 kaviyoMne kI mIna naranArAyaNAjIvana / nanda' unakI uttama racanA hai / vastupAlake nikaTa anya kaviyoMne bhI Azraya pAyA thaa| 1-saDijai0, pR0 47-50 / 2-hisTrI oNpha inDiyana eNDa IsTarna ArkiTekcara bhA0 2 pR036 / /

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140 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / san 1238 I0 meM rAjA vIradhavalakI mRtyu hogaI / usa ghaTanAse rAjya bharameM hAhAkAra maca gayA / aneka prajAjana rAjAke sAtha hI apanI jIvanalIlA samApta karaneko tatpara ho gaye; kintu tez2apAlake prabandhase unakI rakSA huii| vIra dhavalake bAda rAjyAdhikAra pAneke liye usake vIram aura vIsala nAmaka donoM putroMmeM jhagar3A huA / vastupAlane vIsalakA pakSa liyA aura vahI rAjA huA / vIram jAlora apane svasurake pAsa bhAga gayA; jahAM vaha dhogvese mArA gayA thA / vIsaladevake rAjyakAlameM hI donoM bhAiyoMkI avanati huI / kahate haiM ki vIsalake cAcA siMhane eka jainasAdhukA apamAna kiyA thA / vastupAla isa dharma vidrohako sahana na kara sake / unhoMne siMhakI uMgalI kaTavAlI / vIsaladevane vastupAlake isa dussAhasakA puraskAra prANadaNDa diyA / kintu isa samaya kavivara somezvarane bIcameM par3a kara basnupAlakI rakSA kI thii| isa ghaTanAke kucha dinoM hI bAda vastu. pAlakA svAsthya kharAba huA aura vaha zatrujayakI yAtrAko jAte hue akevaliya grAmameM svarga lokake vAsI huye / tejapAlake putroMne isa sthAnapara eka bhavya maMdira banavA diyA thaa| yaha san 1291kI bAta hai aura isake karIva 10 varSa bAda tejapAla bhI apane bhAIke sAthI bane / ' vastupAlako usa samaya loga rAjanIti guru kauTilyase kama nahIM mAnate the / uparokta varNanase yaha spaSTa hai ki gujarAtameM jainadharmakI pradhAnatA prAcInakAlase rahI hai / tathApi solaMkI rAjAoMke rAjyakAlameM -saDijai0, pR0 51-59 / 2-iMhiko0, bhA0 1 pR0 786 /

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gujarAta meM jainadharma va zva0 graMthotpatti | [ 141 zvetAmbara jainadharmakA usakA abhyudaya vizeSa huA thA / zvetAMbara jainAcAryoMne isa samaya jainadharmako digantavyApI abhyudaya / -- i banAne meM kucha uThA na rakkhA thaa| zrI haribhadrasUri. jinezvarasUri, hemacandra Adi prakhyAta AcArya the| jinezvarasUri aura buddhisAgara AcAryane zvetAMbara yatiyoMkA tIvra virodha kiyA thA / unake udyogase khUba sudhAra huA thA tathA unhoMne zvetAMbara sAhityakA eka navIna mArga meM praveza karAyA thA / zvetAmbara arvAcIna sAhitya ke ve kara the| pahile zvetAMbaroMkA kevala Agama grantha sAhitya thA; parantu 3 - 4 zatAbdiyoM meM nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya Adi viSayoMka (zaH graMtha likhe gaye the / I0 10-11 vIM zatAbdimeM gujarAta dezameM adhikAMzataH devanAgarI lipikA pracAra thA / IsavI pUrvakI mAgadhilipikA vikAsa hote 2 nAgarIlipine apanA rUpa saMbhAla liyA thA / jainoMdvArA isa lipikA bahu pracAra huA aura prAcIna gurjara sAhitya bhI unhIMkA RNI hai| jainoMke 'saptakSetrIrAsa ' 'gautamarAsa' Adi graMtha gujarAtI ke prAcIna sAhitya ke namUne haiM / isa prAcInakAlase jainoMne gujarAtI sAhityakI acchI sevA kI thii| jainAcAryone bauddhoMke nyAyagraMthoMpara TippaNa bhI likhe the / kintu kumArapAlake uparAnta gujarAta meM jainoMkA hrAsa honA zurU ho gayA / ajayapAla ke vidrohase usakA sUtrapAta huA sahI; kintu musalamAnoMke AkramaNase usakA satyAnAza huaa| hajAroM jainamaMdira masajida banA liye gaye / jainaloga apanI prANarakSAmeM dharma prabhAvana ke kAryo ko i " 1 - jaihi0 bhA0 13 pR0 417 / 2 - gusApari0, pR0 72 / 3 - pUrva0, pR0 14 /

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142 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | sucAru rItise na calA ske| kaimbe Adi sthAnoMke jainamaMdiroMko naSTa karake musalamAnoMne unakA manamAne DhaMgase upayoga kiyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainazilpakA prabhAva musalamAnI zilpapara par3A huA milatA hai|' isa kAlameM jainoMkA samparka hinduoM se vizeSa ho calA thA, isa kAraNa unake rItirivAjoMkA prabhAva bhI una para par3ane lagA thA / gujarAta meM digambara jaina dharmakA astitva to svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIrake samaya se thA / mauryakAlameM bhI digambara jainadharmakA vaha yahAM para vidyamAna thA / giranArakI utkarSa / prAcIna guphAyeM isI bAtakI dyotaka haiM |upraant zaka aura chatraparAjAoMke samayameM 3 bhI digambara jainadharma yahAM pradhAna rahA thA / nahapAna, rudrasiMha Adi chatra rAjA isI dharmake anuyAyI the| rASTrakUTa aura cAlukya rAjya kAlameM bhI digambara jainoMkI mahattA gujarAtameM kama nahIM huI thI / IDara aura sUrata digambara jainadharma ke mukhya kendra sthAna the| aMkale - zvara digambara jainoMkA pavitra tIrtha sthAna hai; jahAM jinavANI sarva prathama lipibaddha huI thI / cAlukya siddharAja jayasiMha ke darabAra meM digambara aura zvetAmbaroMkA vAda honA, isa bAtakA dyotaka hai ki taba taka digambara jainoMkA mahatva yahAM avazya hI itanA kAphI thA ki vaha rAjAkA dhyAna bhI apanI ora AkarSita kara sake the / kintu vAda ke liye karNATaka dezase eka digambarAcAryako bulAnA pragaTa karatA 1 - vIra varSa 5 pR0 301 / 2- hivi0 bhA0 2 pR0 592 | 3 - jehi0 bhA0 6 aMka 11-12 pR0 20 /

Page #164
gujarAtameM jainadhama va zve0 graMthotpatti / [ 143 4 hai ki vahAM digambara jainoMmeM diggaja vidvAnoMkA prAyaH abhAva thA / 'neminirvANa kAvya' aura 'vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra' ke kartA somazreSTIke putra vAgbhaTTa to mahArAja jayasiMha ke pradhAna maMtriyoMmeMse the / bhaktAmara kathA' meM varNita rAjA prajApAla yahIM jayasiMha pratIta hote haiN| tathA isa kathA meM rAjA kumArapAla aura usake maMtrI Avar3akA bhI ullekha hai| ina kathAoMse tatkAlIna jainadharmakA mahatva pragaTa hotA hai aMkalezvarake rAjA jayasena muni guNabhUSaNako AhAradAna dekara puNya saMcaya karate the / digambara jainamuni dezabhara meM vicarate huye jainadharmakA udyota karate the / gujarAtake devapura nAmaka nagara meM eka muni jIvanandI saMgha sahita pahuMce the| vahAM jainoMkA nAmanizAna nahIM thA / vaha zaivamaMdira meM gaye aura logoMko upadeza dekara jainI banA liyA aura isa prakAra saba saMghako AhAradAna pAnekI suvidhA kara dI / isa ghaTanAse taba taka jainadharma ke udArarUpakA patA calatA hai; kintu uparAnta kAlameM jainadharmakI yaha udAratA logoMne bhulAdI / isa prakAra gujarAtameM digambara jaina kA astitva bhI prabhAvazAlI rahA hai / usakA prabhAva, mAlUma hotA hai, zvetAmbaroM para bhI par3A thA; yahI kAraNa hai ki saMvat 705 meM zrIkalaza nAmaka eka zvetAmba - rAcAryane kalyANa nAmaka sthAna para yApanIya saMghakI sthApanA kI thI; jisameM muniyoMko nama rahanA digambaroMkI bhAMti Avazyaka ThaharAyA thA / strI mukti Adi mAnyatAyeM isa saMva meM zvetAMbaroM ke samAna thIM x : 1 - jaiprA0 pR0 240 / 2 bhaktAmara kathA, kAvya 29 | 3 - jaiprA0 pR0 240 / x jehi0 bhA0 13 pR0 250 /

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144] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / (7) uttarI bhAratake anya rAja ba jainadharma / harSake bAda uttara bhAratameM koI aisA zaktizAlI rAjA nahIM thA jo usake vistRta sAmrAjyakA samucita rAjapUta aura prabandha krtaa| isakA pariNAma yaha huA jainadharma / ki sAmrAjya chinnabhinna ho gayA aura aneka choTe 2 rAjya vana gaye / inameM se adhikAMza rAjapUtoMke adhikArameM the / 'rAjapUta' zabda rAjaputrakA apabhraMza hai aura yaha rAjya sattAdhikArI kSatriyoMkA dyotaka hai| kahA jAtA hai ki maMbhavataH rAjapUta vizuddha Arya kSatriyoMkI saMtAna nahIM haiN| 'jaise anya jAtiyAM mizrita haiM, usI prakAra rAjapUta jAti bhI aneka jAtiyoMke mizraNase banI haiN| inhIM logoMkI pradhAnatA uttara bhAratameM musalamAnoMke AkramaNa taka rahI thii| ina logoMne jainadharmakA bhI apanAyA thaa| jainoMke eka prAcIna guTakemeM ina cauhAna, par3ihAra Adi rAjapUta kSatriyoMko jainadharmabhukta aura unake kuladevatA cakrezvarI, ambA Adi zAsana deviyAM pragaTa kI haiM / 2. gupta rAjAoMke samayameM kannauja bar3I unnata dazAmeM thaa| 'navIM zatAbdimeM phira yahAMkA rAjya uttarIbhAratake kanojake rAjA bhoja rAjyoMmeM sarva pradhAna ho gyaa| isa samaya parihAra / bhoja parihAra ( 840-90 I0) vahAMkA rAjA thaa| isase pahale san 712 meM 1-bhAI0, pR0 106 / 2--vIra0, varSa 3 pR. 472 / 3-bhAI0, pR0 108-109 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [145 arabake musalamAnoMne bhArata para hamalA karake sindha prAMtako jIta liyA thaa| vahAMkA hindUrAnA aura rAnI raNakSetrameM vIragatiko prApta. huye the / kintu musalamAnoMke isa hamalekA adhika prabhAva bhAratapara nahIM paDA thA; balki musalamAnoMne bhAratIya sabhyatAse bahuta kuchajyotiSa aura vaidyaka Adi sIkhA thA / bhoja parihAra samasta uttarI bhAratameM pazcimameM jUnAgar3ha taka aura pUrvameM haz2ArIbAga taka rAjya karate the; paraMtu unake bAda unake uttarAdhikArI isa rAjyako saMbhAla na sake / tathApi mahamUda gaz2anavIkA sAtha dene Adi kAraNoMse yaha apanA mahatva kho baiNtth|' zrI vappasUri nAmaka jainAcAryane saMbhavataH isI rAjA bhojake darabArameM Adara prApta kiyA thaa| ina AcAryane rAjapUtAnese lekara baGgAla taka vicaraNa karake jaina dharmakA pracAra kiyA thA / aura rAjAoMko jainadharmakA bhakta banAyA thA / nepAlake rAjAoMko bhI saMbhavataH unhoMne hI jainadharmapremI banAyA thA / bhojake pUrvaja vastsarAja pratihArakA bhI jainadharmake prati sadbhAva thaa| unhoMne san 784 I0 meM osiyA grAmameM eka jainamaMdira banavAyA thaa|x kintu pratihAra (parihAra) vaMzake bAda san 1090 I0 ke lagabhaga gaharavAra (rAThaura) rAjapUtoMkA adhikAra kannauja para ho gayA thA / isI vaMzameM rAjA jayacandra huA thA, jise mahammadagorIne lar3AI meM harAyA thaa| Ajakalake saMyukta prAntameM bhI usa samaya kaI rAjya the aura 1-bhAi0, pR0 108-109 / 2-digambara jaina, varSa 23 pR0 89 / 4-enuala riporTa oNpha Arka. sarve iMDiyA, 1906-7 pu0 209 / 10

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146] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / unameM se kaI eka jainadharmAnuyAyI the| zrAvastI, vividha rAjavaMzoM meM mathuga, asAIkher3A, devagar3ha Adi sthAna jaindhrm| jainadharmake mukhya kendra the| rAjA kIrti varmAke maMtrI vatsarAjakA eka jainalekha sana 1097 kA rAjaghATIke pAsase milA hai|' 11 vIM zatAbdimeM zrAvastImeM jainadharma bahuta unnati para thaa| vahAM para jaina dharmAnuyAyI rAjavaMza eka dIrghakAlase rAjya kara rahA thA / isa vaMzakA marva aMtima rAjA suhRdhvaz2a nAmaka thaa| hAthilI nAmaka grAmameM usane saiyada sAlArako lar3AImeM talavArake ghATa utarA thaa| suhRdadhvajakI isa vijayase karIba 40 varSa pIche isa jainavaMzakA anta huA thaa| kahate haiM ki eka daphe rAjA grAmAntarase lauTa nahIM pAyA ki sUryAsta ho claa| rAtri bhojana niSiddha jAnakara rAnI bar3I chaTapaTAI paraMtu parama zIlavatI rAjAke choTe bhAIkI patnIke zIlaprabhAvase sUryAsta hote 2 baca gayA aura rAjAne sAnanda bhojana kiyaa| kintu bAdameM rAjAkI niyata apane choTe bhAIkI isa sAdhvI mrI para Tala gaI aura usIke zApase isa vaMzakA anta huA thaa|' zrAvastIke atirikta ayodhyAke rAjA mahIpAla aura sagarapurake rAjA sAgara bhI jaina dharmAnuyAyI the / IsavI gyArahavIM zatAbdimeM phaijAbAdameM zrIvAstam nAmaka vaMzakA rAjya thA / isa vaMzakA mukhya rAjA tilokacaMda jainadharmAnuyAyI thA; jisakA yuddha muhammada gajanavIke sipahasAlArase huA thA / banArasake rAjA bhImasena bhI jainI the / 1-saMprAsmA0, pR0 51 / 2-saMprAjaismA0, pR0 65 / 3-0, pR0 240 / 4-samAjaismA0, pR0 70 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [147 vaha antameM pihitAzrava nAmaka jainamuni huye the / ' saM0 1278meM banArasake rAjAse zvetAmbara jainAcArya abhayadevamUrine 'vAdIsiMhakA viruda prApta kiyA thaa| isI samayake lagabhaga mathurAmeM raNaketu nAmaka rAjA jainadharmAnuyAyI thaa| vaha apane bhAI guNavarmA sahita nitya jinendrapUjana kiyA karatA thaa| antameM guNavako rAjya dekara vaha jainamuni ho gayA thaa| varmAnta nAmavAle rAjAoMkA rAjya mandasora (gvAliyara ) aura gaMgadhArameM guptakAlase thaa| inameMse eka naravarmA rAjAkA ullekha jainoMkI dvAdazI vrata kathAmeM bhI hai| saMbhavataH isI vaMzakA adhikAra uparAMta mathurAmeM ho gayA hogA aura guNavarmA inhIMkA vaMzaja ho sakatA hai| mathurAmeM 12-13 vIM zatAbdikI jainamUrtiyAM milI haiN| unase bhI taba taka vahAM para jainadharmakA prAbalya pragaTa hotA hai| sUrIpura ( jilA AgarA ) kA rAjA jitazatru bhI jainI thA, jo bar3e 2 vidvAnoMkA Adara karatA thA / antameM vaha jainamuni ho gayA thaa| aura zAMtikIrtike nAmase prasiddha huA thA / jamanAke kinAre para sthita asAIkher3A grAmameM gyArahavIM zatAbdi takakI jaina pratimAyeM agaNita milatI haiN| jilA iTAvA aura Agareke nikaTavartI grAmoMmeM jainadhvaMzavizeSoMkA milanA, yahAM para jainoMkI pradhAnatAkA dyotaka hai| sacamukha bhadAvara prAntameM haritakrAMtanagara jainoMkA mukhya kendra thaa| yahAM vikramakI 11 vIM zatAbdise 16 vIM zatA. . 1-jaiprA0 pR0 292 / 2-DijaibA0, pR0 9 / 3 jaina0, pR0 242 / 4-rAi0, pR0 125-126 / 6-bhapA0, pR0 138 / . 6-jaipra0, pR0 241 /

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148 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | bdi taka jainoMkA prAbalya adhika thaa| yahAMke nivAsiyoMne 52 jinapratimAoMkI pratiSThA karAI thii| saM0 1168 meM yahAM para cauhAna rAjA udayarAjadevakA rAjya thaa|' ahicchatra (barelI) kA prasiddha rAjA mayUradhvaja bhI jainI thaa| saMbhava hai ki isa rAjAkA sambandha zrAvastIke dhvaj nAmAntaka rAjAoMke jainavaMzase hai / isa dezameM jainadharma unnati para thA / ahicchatra I0 san 1004 taka basA huA thA / " kahate haiM ki san 275 I0 meM gvAliyara kI sthApanA rAjA sUryasena dvArA huI thI / bhojadeva parihAra ( 882 I0 ) ke kaniSTha pautra vinAyaka - pAlake bAda kacchavAhA vaMzI vajradAmA gvAli gvAliyarake rAjA aura jainadharma | yarapara adhikAra karake navarAja vaMzake prati - SThAtA hue the / yahAM eka jainamUrtike pavitra aGgameM utkIrNa vajradAmAkI zilAlipise pragaTa hai ki vaha lakSmaNake putra the aura unhoMne hI pahale gopagirI durgameM jayaDhakkA bajAyA thA / sAsa bahUke digambara jaina maMdira meM sa0 1150 va 1160 ke utkIrNa isa vaMzake rAjA mahIpAlake do zilAlekhoMse jAnA jAtA hai ki vajradAmAke putra maGgala the aura unake vaMzaja kramazaH kIrtipAla, bhuvanapAla, devapAla, padmapAla, sUryapAla, aura mahIpAla the / ina sabane gvAliyara meM rAjya kiyA / uparAMta madhasUdana kacchAvAhAke hAthase gvAliyara nikalakara parihAra vaMzI kSatriyoMke adhikAra meM pahuMca gayA thA / rAjA kIrtisiMhake samaya meM gvAliyara meM khUba zilpakArya huA thA / jaina zilpa 1 - prAjailesaM0, bhA0 1 pR0 99 / 2 - saMprA jaismA0, pR0 81 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [149 apane naipuNyake liye prasiddha hai| isa samaya gvAliyarameM jainoMkI vizeSa unnati huI thii| di0jaina vidvAnoMkI mAnyatA bhI yahAM khUba thii| vi0 saM0 1013 meM mAdhavake putra mahendracaMdrane gvAliyarake nikaTa suhaniyA nAmaka sthAnapara eka jaina mUrtikI pratiSThA karAI thii| mahendracandra saMbhavataH vAliyarakA eka rAjA thaa| ( jarnala Aba ai0 so0 baMgAla, bhA0 31 pR0 390.) suhaniyA usa samaya jainoMkA kendra thaa| __ madhyabhAratake bundelakhaNDa prAMtameM candela rAjapUtoMkA rAjya thaa| AThavIM zatAbdimeM yaha deza jaijAkabhukti kahamadhya bhAratameM jainadharma / lAtA thA / caMdelavaMzakA mUla puruSa naMnuka ___candelA thA; jisane eka parihAra saradArako parAjita karake bundelakhaNDameM apanA adhikAra jamAyA thA / candeloMkI rAjadhAnI mahobA thii| caMderI (gvAliyara ) meM bhI candelarAjAoMne san 700se 1184 taka rAjya kiyA thaa| canderIko candeloMne hI basAyA thaa| pahAr3I para rAjamahala hai; jisake sannikaTa aneka jainamUrtiyAM milatI haiN|' mahobAke AsapAsa bhI jainamUrtiyoMkI bAhulyatA hai aura vaha candela rAjA paramAla dvArA pratiSThita batAI jAtI haiM / ina bAtoMse candelavaMzameM jainadharmakI mAnyatA pragaTa hotI hai / san 1000 I0meM yaha rAjya unnatike zikhara para thaa| isa vaMzameM sabase prasiddha rAjA dhana (950-99) aura kIrtivarmA (1049-1100 I0) huye the| rAjA dhaGkake rAjatvakAlameM 1-hivi0, bhA0 5 pR0 741 / 2-bhAI0, pra0 110 / 3-maprAjaismA0, pR0 63 /

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150 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / OM 3 jainadharma unnati para thA / khujarAho meM inhIM rAjAse Adara prApta sUryavaMzI pAhilane sana 1954 meM jinanAthake maMdirako aneka udyAna dAna kiye the / saM0 1215 ko gRhapatikulaMka pAhilake putra daMDane eka jaina - vimbakI pratiSThA karAI thii| ghaTAIkA prasiddha maMdira bhI isI samayakA banA huA hai| yahAMke naM0 25 vAle maMdira meM rAjaputra zrI jayasiMhakA ullekha hai| aise hI anya logoMne bhI aneka jainamaMdira banavAye the / san 1203 meM candeloMko musalamAnoMne jIta liyA thA / dasavIM zatAbdike lagabhaga bahAr3a prAnta meM Ila nAmaka rAjA prasiddha ho gayA hai| yaha jainI thA / isane rAjA Ila aura san 1000 meM apane nAmase ilicapura (Ile - jainadharmakA abhyudaya / zapura ) nagara basAyA thA / musalamAnoMke hAthoM vaha mArA gayA thA / 'bhaktAmarakathA' (kA020) se pragaTa hai ki nAgapura meM bhI lagabhaga isI samaya nAbhirAja nAmaka eka jainadharmAnuyAyI rAjA thA / ' aura ' prabhAvaka caritra' se pragaTa hai ki saM0 1974 meM nAgapurakA rAjA AlhAdana nAmakA thA, jo jainAcArya municandrakA ziSya thA / kintu bahAr3a prAntameM vikramakI AThavIM zatAbdise dasavIM zatAbdi taka kramazaH cAlukya aura rASTrakUTa rAjAoMkA rAjya rahA thA / ye donoMhI rAjavaMza jainadharmake poSaka the; isa kAraNa uktakAlameM jainadharmakA yahAM khUba pracAra rahA thaa|' 4 e 1 - maprAyasmA0, pR0 116-117 / 2 - hivi0, bhA0 5 pR0 . 680 / 3 - saMprAjesmA0, pR0 43 / 4- maprAjaismA0, pR0 14. bhUmikA / 9 - jaipra0, pR0 240 / * - DijaivA0 pR0 42 / 6 - maprAjaismA0, pR0 14 bhUmikA /

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uttarI bhArata ke anya rAjA va jainadharma / [ 151 ra madhyaprAntakA sabase bar3A rAjavaMza kalacuriyoMkA thA; jinakA prAbalya 8 vIM va 9 vIM zatAbdi meM khUba rahA madhyaprAMta meM jainadharma / thA / eka samaya kalacuri rAjya baMgAlase gujarAta aura banArasa se karNATaka taka phailA huA thA aura isa vaMza ke rAjAoMkA prema jaina dharma se vizeSa thA / jaina dharmAnuyAyI rASTrakUTavaMzI rAjAoMke sAtha inake vivAha sambandha huye the / kalacUriyoMkI rAjadhAnI tripurI aura ratanapura the / ina sthAnoMmeM aneka jaina mUrtiyAM aura khaMDahara milate haiN|' bar3agAMva (jabalapura) ke jaina zilAlekhoMmeM kalacUrI rAjA karNadevakA ullekha hai; jinakA yuddha kIrtivarmana candelese huA thaa| devapurase prApta eka jaina mUrtipara bhI saM0 907 kA kalacUrI vaMzakA lekha hai| lakhanAdonake kilese eka bhagna zilAlekha 10 vIM zatAbdikA milA hai,. jisase prakaTa hai ki vikramasenane jaina tIrthaMkarakI bhaktimeM maMdira banavAyA thA / kalacUrivaMza ke bar3e pratApI nareza vijjala ( vijayasiMhadeva san 1980) ke pakke jaina dharmAnuyAyI hone ke pramANa upalabdha haiM; kintu isI rAjAke samaya se kalacUri rAjadarabAra meM jainiyoMkA jora ghaTa gayA aura zaivadharmakA prAbalya bar3hA thA / jainadharma rAjAzrayavihIna kSINa avazya hogayA, para usakA sarvathA lopa na hosakA / svayaM kalacUri vaMzameM jaina dharmakA prabhAva banA hI rahA / madhyaprAntameM jo jaina kalavAra sahasroMkI saMkhyA meM milate haiM; ve inhIM kalacUriyoMkI saMtAna haiM / * 3 4 1 - pUrva0, pR0 8-10 / 2 - mapra jaismA0, pR0 16 / 3 - pUrva0 pR0 23 | 4 - pUrva0 bhUmikA pR0 11-12 /

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152] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| navIM aura dazavIM zatAbdimeM madhyabhAratameM bhI jainoMkI vizeSa unnati aura kIrti phailI huI thii| dhArAke dhArAkA rAjavaMza aura narezoMne jaina dharmako khUba apanAyA thA / yaha jaina dhrm| paramAravaMzake rAjA the| isa vaMzakI nIMva upendra nAmaka saradArane 9 vIM zatAbdimeM DAlI thii| paramAra rAjAoM dvArA saMskRta sAhityakI vizeSa unnati huI thii| isI vaMzameM suprasiddha rAjA bhoja huA thaa| vaha san 1018 I0 meM dhArAnagarIkI gaddIpara baiThA thaa| dhArA usa samaya mAlavAkI rAjadhAnI thI, usane bahutase rAjyoMko jItA thaa| bhoja bar3A vidyApremI thA, kahate haiM ki jyotiSa zAstra, vAstuvidyA, padyaracanA Adi viSayoMpara usane kaI grantha likhe haiN| usane dhArAmeM eka vidyApITha sthApita kiyA thA aura usameM zilAoMpara kAvya, vyAkaraNa tathA jyotiSake grantha khudavAkara rakkhe the| isa vidyApIThako tor3akara pIchese musalamAnoMne masajida bnaaii|'' vyAkaraNameM jaina grantha 'kAtantra' ke aneka sUtra dhArAkI bhojazAlAmeM sarpabaddha ukere haye hai| bhoja eka bar3A Adarza rAjA thA, usane aneka jaina aura ajaina vidvAnoMkA sammAna kiyA thaa| vaha san 1060 I0 taka rAjya karatA rahA thaa| bhojake vaMzaja 13 vIM zatAbdi I0 taka mAlavAmeM rAjya karate rahe; parantu antameM musalamAnoMne unheM bhI parAjita kiyA thaa| mAlavAke paramAroMmeM muMjanareza bhI eka parAkramI aura vidvAn 1-bhAi0 pR0 109 / 2-mahiI0, pR0 16 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jainadharma / [ 153 1 rAjA thaa| vaha vidvAnoMkA bahuta bar3A AzrayadAtA thA / usake darabAra meM dhanapAla, padmagupta, dhanaMjaya, dhanika, halAyudha Adi aneka vidvAn the / ' muMjanarezase jainAcArya mahAse - nasurine vizeSa sammAna pAyA thaa| muMjake uttarAdhikArI siMdhurAjake eka mahAsAmantake anurodhase unane ' pradyumnacarita ' kAvyakI racanA kI thii| muMjake darabArI kavi dhanapAla kAzyapagotrI brAhmaNa ujjainake nivAsI the / vaha acche vidvAna the aura jainoMkA unase vizeSa samAgama rahA thA / dhanapAlakA choTA bhAI jaina hogayA thA; parantu unheM jainoMse ghRNA thI / isI kAraNa vaha jainoMke kendra ujjaina ko chor3akara dhArA meM jArahe, vahAM unhoMne vi0 saM0 1029 meM ' pAilacchI - nAmamAlA ' nAmaka prAkRta koSa apanI choTI bahana sundarIke lie * banAyA thaa| vaha bhI viduSI thI aura kavitA karatI thI / antataH dhanapAla apane bhAI zobhanake upadeza se kaTTara jaina ho gayA thA / usane jIvahiMsA rokane ke liye rAjA bhojako upadeza diyA thA / tathA jaina ho jAne para 'tilakamaJjarI' kI racanA kI thii| 'RSabha'paJcAzikA' bhI isI kavikI banAI huI hai' / kavi dhanaJjayane 'dazarUpaka' nAmakA graMtha banavAyA thaa| zrI zubhacandrAcArya bhI rAjA muMjake samayameM huye the aura yaha rAjaputra the / inhoMne ' jJAnAvarNava ' graMtha kI racanA kI thI / kahate haiM ki kavi bhRrtRhari inhIMke bhAI the / * 3 1 rAjA muMja aura jaina vidvAn / 1 - bhAprArA0 bhA0 1 pR0 100 / 2 - maprA jaismA0 bhUmikA pR0 20 / 3 - mAprA0 bhA0 1 pR0 103 - 104 / 4 - majaii0, 90-98-991

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154] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| rAjA muMjake samayameM hI prasiddha digambara jainAcArya zrI ami tagatijI huye the| yaha mAthurasaMghIya mAdhavaamitagati AcArya / senake ziSya the| kahate haiM ki vi0 saM0 1025 ke kucha pahile inakA janma huA thaa| 'AcAryavarya amitagati bar3e bhArI vidvAna aura kavi the| inakI asAdhAraNa vidvattAkA paricaya pAneko inake graMthoMkA manana karanA cAhie / racanA sarala aura sukhasAdhya honepara bhI bar3I gaMbhIra aura madhura hai| saMskRta bhASApara inakA acchA adhikAra thaa| inhoMne apane 'dharmaparIkSA' nAmaka graMthako kevala do mahInemeM likhakara samApta kiyA thA, jise par3hakara loga mugdha ho jAte haiM / san 1013 I0 meM yaha graMtha pUrNa huA thaa| isake pahale san 993meM AcAryavaryane 'subhASita ratnasaMdoha' nAmaka graMtha racA thaa| inake atirikta unhoMne (1) zrAvakAcAra (2) bhAvanAdvAtriMzati, (3) paMcasaMgraha, (4) jambUdvIpa prajJapti, (5) candra prajJapti, (6) sArddhadvayadvIpa prajJapti, (7) vyAkhyAprajJapti, (8) yogasAra prabhRti graMtha race the| 'paMcasaMgraha' nAmaka graMthako Apane rAjA bhojake pitA siMdhurAjake samayameM likhA thA / usakI prazastimeM AcAryavarya apaneko gautama gaNadharake samAna likhate haiM / unake advitIya graMthoMko prakAzameM lAnekI AvazyaktA hai / ' zrI mahAkavi seAmadevasUri ina AcAryake samakAlIna the jinhoMne yazastilakacampU, nItivAkyAmRta Adi graMtha race the| amitagatijIke guru mAdhavasenake sahapAThI prasiddha vidvAna AcArya devasena the jinhoMne 1-hivi0, bhA0 2 pR0 64 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jainadharma / [ 155 saM0 909 meM dhArAnagara ke pArzvanAtha caityAlaya meM 'darzanasAra' graMthakI racanA kI thI / * rAjA bhojakA yuddha gujarAtake cAlukya rAjA bhImase huA thA: parantu anta meM ina donoM ke bIca sandhi ho gaI thI / rAjA bhojake jaina senApati kula rAjA bhoja aura jainadharma / candra ne anahilavAr3A meM bhImako harA diyA thA / ' rAjA bhoja ke darabArameM jainoMkA sammAna vizeSa thA; yadyapi vaha svayaM zaiva thA / 'vaha jainoM aura hinduoMke zAstrArthakA bar3A anurAgI thA / ' zravaNabelagolase prApta saMbhavataH san 1115 I0 ke lekhase pragaTa hai ki bhojane prabhAcandra jainAcArya ke paira pUje the / dUbakuNDabAle zilAlekhase pragaTa hai ki 'bhojake sAmane sabhAmeM zAntisena nAmaka jainane saikar3oM vidvAnoMko harAyA thaa| kyoM: ki unhoMne usake pahale ambarasena Adi jaina vidvAnoMkA sAmanA kiyA thaa|' bhojakI sabhA meM kAlidAsa, vararuci, subandhu, bANa, amara, rAma-deva, harivaMza, zaGgara, kaliGga, karpUra, vinAyaka, madana, rAjazekhara, mAgha, dhanapAla, sItA, mAnatuGga, Adi vidvAnoMkA honA batAyA jAtA hai / dhanapAla jaina the, yaha pahale likhA jAcukA hai| zobhanake jaina honepara bhojane kucha samayataka jainoMkA dhArAmeM thA / kAlidAsa kavi meghadUta Adi graMthoMke racayitA kAlidAsase bhinna the| inakI sparddhA jainAcArya mAnatuGgajIse vizeSa thI / inake ukasAnepara bhojane mAna tuGgAcAryako ar3atAlIsa koThariyoM ke bhItara AnA baMda kara diyA * * vira0, pR0 115 / 1- bhAprAe0 bhA0 1 pR0 115 / " 2- bhAprA0 bhA0 1 pR0 118-121 !

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156] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| baMdhavAkara DalavA diyA thA; parantu vaha apane 'Atmabalase bandhanamukta hogaye the| isa kArAvAsakI dazAmeM hI muni mAnatuGgajIne prasiddha 'bhaktAmarastotra racA thA; jisakA chayAlIsavAM kAvya racate2 hI unake bandhana apane Apa naSTa hogaye the| unake mAhAtmyase prabhAvita ho, kahate haiM ki rAjA bhoja aura kavi kAlidAsa bhI jaina dharmAnuyAyI hogaye the|' jaina kavi dhanaMjaya bhI rAjA bhojake samakAlIna batAye jAte haiN| inhoMne apane putrako sarpadaMzake viSase mukta karaneke liye 'viSApahAra stotra' kI racanA kI thii| inake anya grantha nAmamAlA, dvisaMdhAnakAvya, viSApahArastotra, vaidyakanighaMTu Adi haiN|' brahmadevake anusAra 'dravyasaMgraha' ke kartA zrI nemicaMdrAcArya zrI bhojadevake darabArameM the| nayanaMdi nAmaka jainAcAryane apanA 'sudarzana caritra' inhIMke rAjatvakAlameM samApta kiyA thaa| bhojane cAlIsa varSataka rAjya kiyA thA aura usake bAda saMbhavataH usakA putra jayasiMha gaddIpara baiThA thaa| isake samayameM rAjA bhojake sAmrAjyapara vipattike bAdala chAgaye the, jinako isake uttarAdhikArI udayAdityane dUra kiyA thaa| rAjA bhojakA samakAlIna kacchapaghAta (kacchavAhA) vaMzI rAjA abhimanyu thA; aura usakI prazaMsA svayaM bhojadabakuMDake kacchavAhe rAz2ane kI thii| yaha rAjA car3obhanagara (dUbakuMDava jainazreSTI daahdd'| zivapura) se rAjya karatA thaa| isake nAtI vikramasiMhakA eka zilAlekha saMvat 1145 1-bhaktAmara kathA-jaipra0 pR0 239 / 2-majaii0 pR0 56 / 3-maprAjaismA0, bhUmikA pR0 20 / 4-mahiI0, pR0 317 / /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jainadharma / [ 157 kA kuMr3ake jainamaMdirase milA hai; jisameM vahAMke jainazreSTI dAhar3a dvArA nirmita jainamaMdirako mahArAja vikramasiMhane jo dAna diyA thA. usakA ullekha hai / dAhar3a jAyasapura se Aye huye vaNika jAsUka ke vaMzameM thA / usake bar3e bhAI RSiko vikramasiMhane zreSTIpada pradAna kiyA thA / dAhar3ane zrI lATavAgaTagaNake jainAcArya vijayakIrtike upadezase bhavya jainamaMdira banavAyA thA / yaha kacchapa rAjA paramAroMke sAmanta pratIta hote haiM / ra mAlavAke paramAroMmeM naravarmA bhI prasiddha rAjA thA / gujarAtake rAjA jayasiMhase usakA yuddha huA thA; jisameM use parAjita honA par3A thaa| naravarmA vidvAna thA, san 1904 kI nAgapuravAlI prazasti usIkI racanA hai| udayAditya ke nirmANa kiye huye varNoM tathA nAmoM evaM dhAtuoMke pratyayoMke nAgabaMdha citra usane 'una' gAMva (indaura) meM khudavAye the / ye vahAMke jaina maMdira meM aba bhI maujUda haiN| yaha maMdira pahale vidyAlaya thA / vidyA aura dAnameM - naravarmAkI tulanA bhojase kI jAtI thI / usake samayameM bhI mAlavA vidyApITha samajhA jAtA thA aura jaina tathA vaidika matAvalaMbiyoMke bIca zAstrArtha bhI huye the| mahAkAlake maMdira meM jainAcArya ratnasUri aura zaiva vidyA zivavAdIkA paraspara eka bar3A bhArI zAstrArtha huA thaa| jainAcArya samudraghoSa bhI naravarmAkI sabhA meM maujUda the aura usakI vidvattApara naravarma bar3e prasanna the / abhayadevasUrike ' jayantakAvya ' kI 1- maprAjesmA0 pR0 73 - 76 / 2- bhAprArA0 bhA0 3 pR0. 195 / 3 - maprAjaismA0 pR0 92 / Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat rAjA naravarmA ke samameM jaina dharma | www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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158 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | prazasti meM naravarmAkA jaina vallabhamUrike caraNoMpara sira jhukAnA likhA hai / naravarmA ke putra yazovarmAne apanI orase jainadharmAvalambI maMtrI jainacaMdrako gujarAtakA hAkima niyata kiyA thA / paramAra rAjAoMkA samparka gujarAta se hone kA hI yaha pariNAma pratIta hotA hai ki zvetAM-bara jainAcArya bhI mAlavA kI ora Agaye the aura unhoMne rAjadarabAra meM mAnyatA prApta kI thI / isI vaMzakA vindhyavarmA nAmaka rAjA bhI vidyAkA bar3A anurAgI thA, usake maMtrIkA nAma bilhaNa thA / kavivara AzAdhara / kavivara AzAdharakI mitratA inase adhika thI / AzAghara eka prasiddha jaina paNDita hogaye haiM / I0 san 1992 meM dillIkA cauhAna rAjA pRthvIrAja zAhAbuddIna gorIse hAra gayA thA; isa kAraNa uttarI bhArata meM musala* mAnoMkA AtaMka chA gayA thA | aneka hiMdU vidvAnoMko apanA deza chor3anA par3A thA / kavivara AzAdhara bhI aise vidvAnoM meM se eka the / mUlameM AzAdhara sapAdalakSa dezake maMDalakara ( mAMDalagar3hamevAr3a ) nAmaka grAmake nivAsI the / taba yaha deza cauhAnoMke ajamere rAjya ke aMtargata thA / AzAdharajIkA janma vi0 saM0 1235 ke lagabhaga bagheravAla jaina zreSTI sallakSaNakI bhAryA ratnIkI kokha se huA thA / musalamAnoM ke Atankase bacane ke liye AzAdhara saparivAra dhArAnagarI meM jA base the / dhArAnagarI meM unhoMne vAdirAja paM0 dharasenake ziSya paM0 mahAvIra se jainendra vyAkaraNa aura jaina siddhAMta 1 - bhAvArA0 bhA0 1 pR0 144-145 / 2- bhAprArA0 bhA0 1 pR0 156 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [159 par3he the / AzAdharakI strI sarasvatIme chAhar3a nAmaka putra huA thA; jisane dhArAke mahArAjAdhirAja arjunadevako apane guNoMse mohita kara liyA thA / vaha bhI apane pitAkI taraha bar3A bhArI vidvAn thaa| vindhyavarmAkA vilhaga maMtrI AzAdharako kavirAja kahA karatA thaa| inakI kavitAkA vidva na bahuta Adara karate the / yahAMtaka ki jaina muni udayasenane unheM * kali kAlidAsa kI upAdhi dI thii| muni madanakIrtine unheM 'prajJAkA puMja' arthAt vidyAkA bhaNDAra kahakara pukArA thaa| kavi vilhaNane unhoMkI mitratAse prerita ho kara 'karNasuMdarI nATikA ke maMgalAcaraNameM jinadevako namaskAra kiyA thaa| yaha nATikA aNahilapATanake rAjA karNake jainamaMtrI sampatkarake banavAye huye AdinAtha bhagavAnake yAtrAmahotsavake liye banAI gaI thii| AzAdharajIke eka zipya madanopAdhyAya the / yaha mAhArAja arjunadevake rAjaguru aura mahAkavi the| yaha arjunadeva vindhyavamauke putra the / AzAdhara aura unake putrane inako bhI apane guNoMse prasanna kara liyA thA / madanopAdhyAyake atirikta AzAdharane devendra Adi vidvAnoMko vyAkaraNa, vizAlakIrti Adiko tarkazAstra aura vinayacaMdra Adiko jaina siddhAMta par3hAyA thA / usase AzAdharakI vidvattA, par3hAnekI zakti aura paropakArazIlatAkA patA calatA hai| unake svayaM gRhastha honepara bhI bar3e 2 muni unake pAsa vidyAdhyayana karane Ate the / rAjA arjunava ke rAjya samayameM jainadharmakI unnatike liye AzAdhara nAlachA ( nalakacchapura ) ke neminAthajIke mandirameM jArahe the| nAlachA usa samaya jainadharmakA keMdra thaa| kavirAjane. aneka amUlya graMtha racakara evaM anya upAyoM dvArA jainadharmakA mastaka

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160] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / UMcA kiyA thaa| unake race huye grantha bahuta hI apUrva haiM / unake graMthoM meM 'sAgAradharmAmRta' vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| 'adhyAtmarahasya' nAmaka grantha kavirAjane apane pitAkI AjJAse banAyA thaa| unake pitA dhArAmeM Akara arjunadevake sandhivigrahika maMtrI hogaye the| kavirAz2ake banAye hue graMthoMke nAma isa prakAra haiM: " (1) prameya ratnAkara (myAdvAda matakA tarka graMtha), (2) bharatezvarAbhyudaya kAvya aura usakI TIkA, (3) dharmAmRta zAstra TIkA sahita (jaina muni aura zrAvakoMke AcArakA grantha), (4) rAjImatI vipralambha ( neminAtha viSayaka khaNDakAvya), (5) adhyAtma rahasya (yogakA), (6) mUlArAvanA TIkA, iSTopadeza TIkA, catuvizatistava AdikI TIkA, (7) kriyA kalApa (amarakoSa TIkA), (8) rudraTakRta kAvyAlaMkArapara TIkA, (9) saTIka sahasranAma stava, (10) saTIka jinayajJa kalpa, (11) triSaSThi smRti ( ArSa mahApurANake AdhArapara 63 mahApuruSoMkI kathA), (12) nitya mahodyota (jina pUjana), (13) ratnatrayavidhAna aura (14) vAgbhaTasaMhitA (vaidyaka ) para aSTAMga hRdayodyota nAmakI TIkA / ullikhita granthoMmeMse triSaSThi smRti vi0 saM0 1292 meM aura bhavya kumudacaMdrikA nAmakI dharmAmRta zAstrapara TIkA vi0 saM0 1300 meM samApta huii| yaha dharmAmRta zAstra bhI AzAdharane devapAladevake putra jaitugidevake hI samayameM banAyA thA / "2 kavivara arhadAsane AzAdharajIke upadezase jainadharma grahaNa 1-vira0, pR0 95-114 / 2-bhAprArA0, bhA01 pR. 157 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jainadharma [161 kiyA thaa| unakA racA huA ' munisuvratakAvya ' vizeSa prasiddha hai| zvetAMbara grantha 'caturvizati prabandha meM likhA hai (saM0 1405) ki ujjainImeM vizAlakIrti nAmaka digambara sAdhu the| unhoMne vAdiyoMko parAjita karake 'mahApramANika' padavI pAI thii| yaha saMbhavataH AzAdharajIke hI ziSya the / inhoMne karNATaka dezameM jAkara vijayapura narezake darabArameM Adara pAyA thA aura aneka vidvAnoMko parAjita kiyA thaa| kiMtu aMtameM vaha munipadase bhraSTa hogaye the / ' uttara aura madhyamAratakI taraha baMgAla aura or3IsAmeM bhI jaina dharmakA astitva IsavI 13 vIM zatAbditaka baMgAla aura or3I- rahA thaa| 'bhaktAmarakathA' se pragaTa hai ki isa sAmeM jaindhrm| samayameM campApurakA rAjA karNa jainI thA / bhagavAn mahAvIrakI janma nagarI vizAlAkA rAjA lokapAla bhI jainadharma bhakta thA / vizAlAmeM jaba hUyenatsAMga pahuMcA thA, taba use bahuta jainI mile the| yahAMse kaI mudrAyeM aisI. milI haiM jinapara tIrthakaroMkI pAdukAyeM haiM / tathApi san 200 ke lagabhagavAlI muharapara 'bhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja'kA ullekha hai| paTanAkA rAnA dhAtrIvAhana thA, jisakI kAmalatA nAmaka kanyA bar3I vidyAsampanna thii| ye zivabhUSaNa nAmaka jainamunike upadezase jainI huye the| gaur3a dezakA rAjA prajApati prArambhameM bauddhadharmI thA; parantu jainasAdhu matisAgarakI vAdazaktipara mugdha hokara yaha rAjA aura pranA jainI huye the| tAmaluka nagarameM mahebha nAmaka jaina seTha bar3A prasiddha thaa| vaha 1-jaihi0, bhA0 11 pR0 485 / 2-jaipra0 pR0 240 / 3-baMbimojaismA0 pR0 23-26 /

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162] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / siMhaladvIpase jahAjoM dvArA vyApAra karatA thA / ' tAmUlaka jainoMkA siddhakSetra hai / ukta rAjA aura seTha saMbhavataH 7vIM 8vIM zatAbdImeM huye hoMge; kyoMki ina zatAbdiyoMmeM baGgAlameM digambara jainoMkA adhika prAbalya thA; jaisA ki cIna yAtrI huenatsAMgake kathanase pragaTa hai / 2 9vIM zatAbdise 12 vIM zatAbdi taka baMgAlameM pAlavaMzake rAjAoMkA adhikAra rahA thA aura ye bauddhadharmAnuyAyI the| inake bAda 11 vIM zatAbdike lagabhaga senavaMzakA abhyudaya huA thaa| senavaMzakA samparka mUlameM jainadharmase pragaTa hotA hai; parantu mAlUma nahIM ki baMgAlameM senavaMzI rAjAoMne jainadharmako saMrakSaNa diyA thA yA nhiiN| isa prakAra isa kAlameM yahAMpara rAjAzraya vihIna hokara jaina dharma apanA prAbalya kho calA aura musalamAnoMke AkramaNake sAtha vaha yahAM naSTaprAyaH hogyaa| kiMtu baMgAla, bihAra, or3IsA prAMtoMse jainoMkA jo atyadhika purAtatva isa kAlakA milatA hai, usase isa samaya jainadharmakA janasAdhAraNameM bahu pracalita honA pramANita hai / rAjagrahImeM eka jainaguphAparake lekhase pragaTa hai ki isI samayake lagabhaga parama tejasvI AcArya vairadevakI adhyakSatAmeM vahAM eka jainasaMgha thaa| rAjagirIse eka aisA sikkA bhI milA hai, jinapara guptakAlake akSaroM meM jinarakSitasya ' likhA hai| isase usa sikekA cAlaka rAjA jainadharmAnuyAyI pragaTa hotA hai| rAjagiri jainoMkA prAcIna tIrtha hai| sammedazikhara, campApura, pAvApura, kuMDalapura Adi jaina tIrtha 1-jaipra0 pR0 241-243 / 2-vIra varSa 3 pR0 371 / 3-vIra varSa 4 pR0 328-332 / 4-baMbiojasmA0 pR0 16 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [163 bhI baMgAla-bihAra meM haiN| mAnabhUma jileke sarAka loga Aja bhI vahAMpara phaile huye prAcIna jainadharmako pragaTa kara rahe haiN| ye prAcIna jaina zrAvaka haiM / siMhabhUma jilepara eka samaya jainoMkA adhikAra thaa| vahAM ina prAcIna zrAvakoMne jaMgaloMmeM ghusakara tAMbakI kAneM sodhI thIM aura apane dhArmika smAraka vahAM banavAye the / vAmana ghATIse do tAmrapatra 1200 I0ke mile haiM jinase pragaTa hai ki mayUrabhaMjake bhaMjavaMzake rAjAoMne bahutase grAma jinamaMdiroMko bheTa kiye the| isa vaMzake saMsthApaka vIrabhadra the, jo eka karor3a sAdhuoMke guru the| ye jaina the|' aise hI aura bhI aneka jaina lekha bikhare huye par3e haiN| jo ho, baMgAlameM bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayase lekara 7 vIM zatAbdi I0 taka jainadharma saphalatApUrvaka phailA huA thaa| or3IsAmeM khAravelake vaMzajoMke bAda AndhravaMzakA adhikAra hogayA thA aura ye prAyaH bauddhadharmAnuyAyI or3IsAke aMtima the / uparAMta yayAti kesarI dvArA sthApita rAjA va jainadharma / kesarI vaMzane vahAM 12 vIM zatAbditaka rAjya kiyA thaa| unake samayameM jainadharmakA punarutthAna huA mAlama hotA hai; kyoMki udyotakesarI rAjAke rAjyakAlake kaI jaina lekha mile haiM, jinase vahAMpara jainAcAryoM dvArA dharma pracAra honekA bodha hotA hai / ina AcAryoM meM zubhacaMdra aura yazanaMdi ullekhanIya haiM / jaba gaGgarAjAoMkA adhikAra or3IsApara huA to unhoMne caraNa-brAhmaNoMke kahanese jainiyoMko bahuta staayaa| isa atyAcArase jainoMkA astitva hI vahAM muzkila hogayA / 1-pUrva0 pR0 65-66 / 2-pUrva pR0 92-104 /

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164] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / uttarIya aura pUrvIya bhAratake samAna hI dakSiNa bhArata aura rAjapUtAnAmeM bhI jainadharma apanA prabhAva jamAe rAjapUtAnAmeM tatkAlIna huye thA / dakSiNa bhAratakA vizada varNana to jaindhrm| isa bhAgake tRtIya khaMDameM kiyA jAyagA, kintu rAjapUtAnAmeM jainadharmake prabhAvakA digdarzana yahAM karA denA anucita na hogaa| rAjapUtAnA jisako purAtana kAlameM 'marubhUmi' kahate the, jainadharmake samparkameM eka atIva prAcIna kAlase AgayA thaa| yadi hama itihAsAtIta kAlakI bAtako jAne deM aura kevala bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samayase hI isa sambandhameM vicAra kareM to pragaTa hotA hai ki jainadharmakA pracAra vahAM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA huA thaa| unake bAda maurya samrATa caMdragupta aura saMprati Adike prazaMsanIya prayatnoMke phalasvarUpa jainadharmakA mastaka vahAM bahuta UMcA rahA thaa| IsAkI prArambhika zatAbdiyoMse karIba2 terahavIM zatAbdi taka jainadharma rAjapUtAne meM rAjAzrayameM rahakara phalatAphUlatA rahA thaa| kinhIM vidvAnoMkA yaha khyAla hai ki rAjapUta logoMpara jainadharmakI ahiMsAtmaka zikSA kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM DAla sakI thii| kiMtu bAta vAstavameM yoM nahIM hai| jainadharmakI ahiMsAtmaka zikSA kisI bhI prANIke laukika kAryoM meM bAdhA pahuMcAnevAlI nahIM hai| bar3e 2 jaina rAjAoM aura senApatiyoMne bar3ha car3hakara lar3AiyAM lar3I haiM, yaha bAta pUrva pRSThoMke avalokanase spaSTa hai / usapara rAjaputroM (kSatriyoM) kA janma hI usa mahApuruSa dvArA huA hai, jisane jainadharmakI nIMva isa kAlameM khakhI thii| bhagavAn RSabhadeva hI kSatriyoMke AdipuruSa haiN| isa dazAmeM

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [465 kSatriyoM dvArA usako sanmAna na milanA eka asaMbhava bAta hai| karnala TaoNDa sAne jo rAjapUtoMkI utpatti AbU parvatapara agnikuNDase huI likhI hai, usase bhI ina logoMkA jainadharmase bahu saMparka pramANita hai| TaoNDa sA0 likhate haiM ki 'parAkramakArI jaina logoMkI car3hAIse apane dharmakI rakSA karaneko brAhmaNoMne agnikula utpanna kiyaa| parantu musalamAnoMkI car3hAI ke samaya agnikulake adhikAMza loga jaina hogye|' agnikulake solaMkI, paramAra Adi rAjapUta vaMza isa musalamAnoMke AkramaNake pahalese hI jainadharmako Azraya derahe the, yaha likhA jAcukA hai / AbUpara jahAM agnikuNDa jalAkara agnivaMzakI sthApanA kI gaI thI, vahAM AdinAtha bhagavAnakI pASANa pUrti vedIpara virAjamAna hai|' rAjapUtAnAmeM udayapurake rANAoMkA vaMza prasiddha hai| jaina dharmakI mAnyatA isa vaMzameM eka atIva prAcIna mevADake rANAvaMzameM kAlase pragaTa hotI hai| Aja bhI mevaadd'jaindhrm| rAjavaMzameM jainadharmako vizeSa sammAna prApta hai| isa vaMzakI utpatti usI vaMzase huI mAnI jAtI hai, jisameM prathama tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadevakA janma huA thaa| rANAoMke AdipuruSa guhila nAmaka kSatrI I0 sa0 568meM huye the| karnala TaoNDa sA0 kahate haiM ki gilhauta kulake AdipuruSa bhI jainadharmameM dIkSita the| isI kAraNa gilhautakulake rAjA loga apane pitRpuruSoMke -dharmapara anurAga karate rahe haiN| ataH prAraMbhase hI rAjAzraya pAkara 1-TaoNDa, rAjasthAna (veGkaTezvara presa) bhA0 1 pR0 52-57 / 2-rAI0, bhA0 1 pR0 369 / 3-TaoNrA0, bhA0 1 pR0 715 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihaas| jainadharma mevAr3ameM khUba phalAphUlA hai| mevAr3akI prAcIna kIrtiyAM isa bAtakI sAkSI haiN| citaur3ameM jaina kIrtistaMbha eka apUrva jaina zilpa hai| usake nIce eka pASANa khaMDa parake saM0 952 ke lekhase usa samaya vahAMpara bahutase digaMbara jainiyoMkA honA pragaTa hai| jaina kIrtistaMbhako digaMbara saMpradAyake bagheravAla mahAjana sA (sAha) nAmake putra jIjAne vi0 saM0kI 14 vIM zatAbdike uttarArddha meM banavAyA thaa| isa staMbhake pAsa hI eka prAcIna jaina maMdira bhI maujUda hai| citaur3ameM gomukhake nikaTa mahArANA rAyamalake samayakA banA huA eka aura jainamaMdira hai; jisakI mUrti dakSiNase lAI gaI thii| udayapurameM vizeSa mAnya aura prAcIna jaina sthAna kezariyAjI RSabhadevakA hai| yahAMkI mUrti atyanta prAcIna hai| digaMbara jainAcArya zrI dharmacandrajIkA sAmAna aura vinaya mahArANA hammIra kiyA karate the| saM0 1295meM rAmapAladevakA rAjya thA, taba gohilavaMzIya uddharaNake putra rAjadevane, jo rAmapAlake AdhIna thA, karakA bIsavAM bhAga nAdalAIke jainamaMdirako pUjAke vAste diyA thaa| (maprAjaismA0 pR0 147) nAdAlake padmaprabhake maMdirameM saM0 1215 ke lekhase pragaTa hai ki rANA jagatasiMhake maMtrI jayamallane vaha maMdira banavAyA thaa| vi0 saM0 1335 (1271 I0)meM rAvala samarasiMhakI mAtA jayataladevIne citaur3ameM zyAma pArzvanAthakA maMdira banavAyA ... 1-maprAjaismA0, pR0 134 / 2-rAi0, bhA0 1 pR0 352 354 / 3-rAI0, bhA0 1 pR0 346 / 4-'zrI dharmacandro'jani tasya paTTe hamIrabhUpAlasamarcanIyaH / ' jaihi0, bhA0 6 aMka 7-8 pR0 26 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm|| thaa| inake uparAnta mahArANA bhImasiMha, kumbha ityAdine jainadharmake liye jo kiyA, vaha hama tIsare bhAgameM dekheNge| rAjapUtAnAmeM udayapurake bAda mAravAr3akI vizeSa prasiddhi hai| rAjapUtAnAvAsI vaizya -- mAravAr3I ' nAmase mAravAr3ameM jainadharma / sarvatra prakhyAt haiM / san 1226ke lagabhaga ___ mAravAr3ameM rAThaura kSatriyoMkA adhikAra hogayA thaa| rAThaura athavA rASTrakUTa vaMzake pUrvajoMmeM jainadharmakI maryAdA vizeSa rahI thii| mAravAr3ake rAThauroMmeM cakrezvarI devIkI vizeSa mAnyatA hai; jo tIrthaGkarakI zAsana devatA haiN| mAravAr3a rAThaura vaMzake cauthe rAjA rAva rAyapAlajIke teraha putra the; jinameM jyeSTha putra kanakapAla vi0saM0 1301 meM rAjyAdhikArI huye the| zeSa putroMmeM eka mohanajI nAmaka bhI the / mohanajIne apanA dUsarA vivAha eka zrIzrImAla kanyAse kiyA thA jisase unake saptasena nAmaka putra huA thA / saptasenane jainadharma svIkAra kara liyA thA aura vaha osavAla jainiyoMmeM sammilita hogayA thA / usakI saMtAna Ajakalake muhaNota osavAla haiN| mAravAr3ake rAjyazAsanameM unakA hAtha rahA hai| unameM maMtrI aura senApati kaI huye haiM / muhaNotoMke atirikta jodhapura rAjameM bhaMDArI osavAloMkA bhI hastakSepa rahA hai| bhaMDArI osavAla apanI utpatti ajamerake cauhAna gharAnese batAte haiM / inake pitAmaha rAva lakSamaNa (lakhamasI)ne ajamerake gharAnese alaga ho nADaulameM apanA eka prathaka 1-rAI0, bhA0 1 pR0 381 / 2-bhAprArA0, bhA0 3 pR0 , 118-125 / 3-saDijai0, pR0 33-34 va bhAprArA0, bhA03 pR0 127 /

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168] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| rAjakula sthApita kiyA thaa| lakhamasI eka mahApuruSa aura vIra dezabhakta thA / usane anhilavAr3ase kara va cittaur3ake rAjAse khirAja vasUla kiyA thA / nADaulakA kilA usIne banavAyA thaa| usake 24 putra the; jinameM eka dAdarAva the| bhaNDArI kulake janmadAtA yahI the / san 992 I0 meM zrI yazobhadra sUrIke upadezase unhoMne jainadharma grahaNa kiyA thA / dAdarAva rAjabhaMDArake adhikArI the / isI kAraNa unakA vaMza 'bhaNDArI' nAmase paricita huA hai / jodhapurameM jabase yaha loga Aye tabase inakI mAnyatA rAjadarbArameM khUba hai aura ye bar3e 2 padoMpara rahe haiM / nADaulake cauhAna rAjAoMkI bhI unhoMne khUba sevA kI thii| vi0 saM 1241 meM bhaNDArI yazovIra palla grAmake adhikArI banA diye gaye the| unhoMne mahArAja samarasiMhadevakI AjJAnusAra eka jaina maMdirakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| bhaMDArI migala isI rAjAoMke maMtriyoMmeMse eka the / ' nADaulake kaI eka rAjAoM aura rAniyoMne jaina maMdiroMke liye dAna diye the| unake puNyamaI kAryose yaha bAta bilkula spaSTa hai ki mAravAr3ake rAjavaMzapara jainadharmakA khUba prabhAva thA / cauhAna rAjakulameM prakhyAt rAjA alhaNadeva the| unhoMne sana 1162 meM nADolake zrI mahAvIrajIke jaina nADaulake cauhAna maMdirake liye dAna kiyA thaa| alhaNake aura jaina dhrm| pitA azvarAja the aura usane vi0 saM0 1209 se 1218 taka cAlukya nRpa kumArapAla jainake sAmantarUpameM rAjya kiyA thaa| jainadharmako usane khUba 1-saDije0, pR0 35-37 / 2-DijaibA0, bhA0 1 pR0 43 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [169 apanAyA thA, usane eka AjJApatra nikAlakara mahIneke kaI dinoMmeM hiMsAkA niSedha kara diyA thaa| dAdarAvako jainadharmabhukta banAnevAle yazobhadrasUrike uttarAdhikArI sAlisUri the aura vaha cauhAnavaMzake bhUSaNa kahe gaye haiN| isase unakA cauhAna rAjakumAra honA pragaTa hai| isa ullekhase spaSTa hai ki jainadharmane cauhAna rAjakulameM kitanA gahana aura ghaniSTa sambandha pAliyA thaa| uparokta alhaNadevake tIna putra (1) kelhANa, (2) gajasiMha aura (3) kIrtipAla the / kIrtipAlakA putra abhayapAla thaa| isane aura isake bhAI lakhanapAlane apanI mAtA mahibaladevIke sAtha vi0 saM0 1233 meM jaina maMdirako isalie dAna diyA thA ki usase zAntinAtha tIrthakarakA utsava manAyA jAyA kre| rAjapUtAnAmeM rAThaura kSatriyoMkA rAjya pahalese honeke cihna milate haiM / hastikuMDI (hathUDI) se eka lekha hastikuMDIke rAThaur3oMmeM san 997 I0kA milA hai, usase vahAMpara jaindhrm| rAThaur3oMkA rAjya honA pramANita hai / hay DIke rAThauroMkI vaMzAvalI harivarmA nAmaka rAjAse prArambha kI gaI hai / isakA putra vidagdharAja thA, jo isake bAda san 916 I0 meM rAjyAdhikArI huA thaa| vidagdharAja jaina dharmAnuyAyI thaa| usane RSabhadevajIkA eka bhavya maMdira banavAyA thA aura balabhadra munikI kRpAse usake lie bhUmidAna kiyA thA / vidagdhakA putra mammaTa thaa| usane ukta dAnako bar3hA diyA thaa| vaha 1-saDijai0, pR0 35 va 36 / 2-DijaibA0, bhA0 1 pR0 12 / .3-bhAprArA0, bhA0 3 pR0 91-92 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | 170 ] san 939 I0 meM zAsana karatA thA / usakA putra dhavala eka parAkramI rAjA thA / apane bAbA aura pitAke samAna vaha bhI jainaH dharmAnuyAyI thA / mevAr3apara jaba mAlavAke rAjA muJjane hamalA kiyA. thA, taba vaha usase lar3A thA / sAMbhArake cauhAna rAjA durlabharAja se nADaulake cauhAna rAjA mahendrakI rakSA kI thI / aura anahilavAr3Ake solaMkI rAjA mUlarAja dvArA naSTa hote huye dharaNIvAhako Azraya diyA thA / vRddhAvasthAke kAraNa dhavalane san 997 ke lagabhaga rAjyabhAra apane putra bAlaprasAdako sauMpa diyA thA / dhavalake rAjyakAlameM zAMtibhaTTane zrI RSabhadevajIke bimbakI pratiSThA kI thI aura use vidagdharAja dvArA banavAye gaye maMdira meM sthApita kI thI / dhavala isa maMdira kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA / isake bAda isa jainadharma prabhAvaka vaMzakA kucha hAla nahIM milatA / hastikuMDiyA gacchake muniyoMko inane Azraya diyA thA / rAjapUtAnAmeM maNDora ke pratihAra vaMzameM bhI jaina dharma Adara pAcukA hai / isa rAjavaMzakI utpattike viSamaMDorake pratihAroM dvArA yameM kahA jAtA hai ki harizcandra nAmaka eka jainadharmakA utkarSa / vidvAn vipra thA aura prArambhameM vaha kisI rAjAkA pratihAra thA / usakI kSatriyavaMzakI rAnI bhadrAse cAra putra - ( 1 ) bhogabhaTa, (2) kakka, (3) rajjila aura (4) dadda hue / unhoMne mAMDavyapura ( maNDora ) ke durgapara kabjA karake eka UMcA koTa banavAyA thaa| isa vaMzakA sarva aMtima rAjA kakkuka bar3A prasiddha thA / usake do lekha ghaTiyAlese vi0 saM0 * 1- mapra jaismA0, pR0 162 / 2 - rAi0 bhA0 150 148 - 149 // "

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [17? 918 ke mile haiM, jinase pragaTa hotA hai ki usane apane saccAritrase maru, mAr3a, valla, tamaNI, ajja (Arya) evaM gurjaratrAke logoMkA anurAga prApta kiyA, baDaNANaya maNDalameM pahAiparakI palliyoM (pAloM, bhIloMke gAMvoM) ko jalAyA, rohitsakUpa (ghaTiyAle ) ke nikaTa gAMvameM haTTa (hATa) banavAkara mahAjanoMko vasavAyA, aura maDDoara ( maMDora ) tathA rohinsakUpa gAvoMmeM jayastaMbha sthApita kiye / kakkuka nyAyI prajApAlaka evaM vidvAna thA / aura saMskRtameM kAvya racanA karatA thaa| usake lekhake prArambhameM zrI jinanAtha ( jinendradeva ) ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai aura usameM eka jaina maMdira banavAnekA ullekha hai / isa kAraNa isa rAjAkA jaina dharmAnuyAyI honA pragaTa hai| saM0 1200 ke lagabhaga nADaulake cauhAna rAjAoMne maMDorapara adhikAra jamA liyA thaa| mAlaveke paramAra rAjA vAkpatirAjake dUsare putra DambarasiMhake vaMzameM vAgar3ake paramAra haiN| unake adhikAvAgar3a prAMtameM jainadharma / rameM vAMsavAr3A aura DUMgarapurake rAjya the| unakI rAjadhAnI utthUNaka nagara ( athUrNA ) thA / yahAMke saMvata 1166 ke eka jaina zilAlekhase pragaTa hai ki vAgar3a prAMtameM bhI jainadharma acchI unnata dazApara thA / saM0 1166 meM paramAra vaMzI vijayarAjakA rAjya thaa| nAgaravaMzI bhUSaNa nAmaka jaina 1-rAi0, bhA0 1 pR0 151-152 / 2-OM saggApavaggamaggaM padamaM sayalANa kAraNaM devaM / NIsesa duriadalaNaM paramaguruM Namaha jiNaNAhaM ||'-praaciin lipimAlA, pR0 65 / 3-bhAprArA0, bhA0 1 pR0 174 /

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172] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| zreSTI vahAM rahate the| unhoMne zrI vRSabhadevakA eka sundara maMdira banavAyA thA aura bhagavAnakI darzanIya pratimA pratiSThA karAkara virAjamAna karAI thii| mAthurAnvayI zrI chatrasenAcAryane usakI pratiSThA karAI thii| yaha nAgara jainI talapATakapattanake nivAsI the| inake pUrvajoMmeM 'aMbara' nAmaka vyakti eka prasiddha vaidya the / jaina vAsanAse vaha itane anuvAsita the ki unakI raga 2 meM jainadharma vyApta thA / vaha dezavratI the aura cakrezvarI devI unakI sevA karatI thii| jhArolI (sirohI) ke zrI zAMtinAtha maMdirake zilAlekhase pragaTa hai ki paramAra rAjA dhArAvarSakI rAnI zRMgAradevIne saM0 1255 meM ukta maMdirako bhUmidAna kiyA thA / ( maprAjaismA0 pR0 169) rAjapUtAnemeM cauhAna rAjAoMne pAMcavIM zatAbdike lagabhaga ajamerako basAkara use apanI rAjadhAnI ajamerake cauhAna banAyA thaa| ajamerake cauhAnoMmeM jainadharmakA rAjA va jaindhrm| Adara rahA thaa| isa vaMzake cauthe rAjA jaya rAjakA ullekha jaina graMtha 'caturvizatiprabandha' meM hai / isa vaMzake rAjAoMkA ullekha bIjolyAM ( mevAr3a ) ke jaina zilAlekhameM khUba diyA huA hai / bIjolyAMkA paMcAyatana pArzvanAtha maMdira eka atizaya kSetra hai| vahAM maMdirake bAhara bhaTTArakoMkI niSadhikAyeM bhI haiN| jinase patA calatA hai ki eka samaya yaha sthAna jainoMkA mukhya kendra thaa| pahale digambara saMpradAyake porabAr3a mahAjana lolAkane yahAM pArzvanAthajIkA tathA sAta anya maMdira vanavAye 1-jaihi0, bhA0 13 pR0 332 / 2-bhAprArA0 bhA0 1 pR0 225-229 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jainadharma / [173 the| unake TUTa jAnepara ye pAMca maMdira banavAye gaye haiN| do caTTAnAMpara lekha khude hue haiN| unameMse eka vi0 saM0 1226 phAlguNa vadI 3 kA cauhAna rAjA somezvarake samayakA lolAkakA khudavAyA huA hai. jisameM lolAka evaM unake pUrvajoMke dharma-kAryokA khUba varNana hai| ajamerake cauhAna rAjA pRthvIrAja ( dUsare ) ne morAkurI gAMva aura cauhAna nRpa somezvarane revaNA gAMva zrI pArzvanAthaz2Ike ukta maMdirako bheTa kiye the| dUsare caTTAnapara 'unnata zikhara purANa' khudA huA hai| ina ullekhoMye ajamerake cauhAna rAjAoMkA jainadharmake prati anurAga pragaTa hai|' pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka rAjapUtAnAke samAna siMdha aura paJjA bameM bhI jainoMkA ullekhanIya astitva thaa| siMdhu aura paMjAbameM madhyakAlake bane huye jaina maMdira Adi isa jaindhrm| bAtake sAkSI haiN| san 1240 I0meM brahmakSatra gotrake alhaNa aura dolhaNane paJjAbameM kAMgaDA jileke kIra grAmameM eka mahAvIra svAmIkA maMdira banavAyA thaa| takSazilAke pAsavAle jaina atizaya kSetrapara bhI isa samayakA jaina zilpa milatA hai / saM0 1484meM jayasAgara upAdhyAya dvArA racita 'vijJaptitriveNiH' nAmaka pustakase prakaTa hai ki unake pahalese siMdha aura paJjAbameM jainoMkI ghanI vastI thii| marukoTTa, naMdanavana aura koTillagrAma Adi prasiddha jainatIrtha the / 'sarvasAdhAraNa janatAko aura rAjAdikoMko bhI usa samaya jainadharmase bahuta kucha sahAnubhUti thii|' 1-rAi0, bhA0 1 pR0363 / 2-DijaibA0,bhA0 1 pR042| 3-ejAiM noTsa / gAtraka

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174] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / taba paMjAbameM nagarakoTa, jo Ajakala koTa kAMgaDA nAmase prasiddha hai, eka mukhya jainatIrtha thaa| zvetAMbara jainoMke bhI vahAM cAra maMdira the| vahAMkA rAnA jainadharmase sahAnubhUti rakhatA thA / usake dIvAna di0 jaina dharmAnuyAyI the|' isa kAlameM jainadharmakI unnati karaneke liye jainAcAryoko acchA subhItA rahA thaa| jahAM AThavI tatkAlIna digambara zatAbdike lagabhaga zaGkarAcAryakI digvijayake jaina sNgh| samakSa ekavAra jainadharmako bhArI dhakkA pahu~cA thA, vahAM uparAMta kAlameM rAjAzraya pAkara vaha phira phalane-phUlane lagA / hama pahale dekha Aye haiM ki digaMbara jainAcAryokA kendra bhaddalapura (dakSiNa) se haTakara ujjaina AgayA thaa| paTTAvaliyoMse pragaTa hai ki san 1058 I0 taka ujjaina hI jainAcAryokA mukhya sthAna rahA thA / uparAnta vArAnagara unakI karmasthalI rahI thii| saM0 1268 meM vahAMse haTakara vaha kendramthala gvAliyarameM jA pahuMcA thA / ajamera aura cittaur3a bhI ina digambara jainAcAryoke lIlAsthala rahe the| isa prakAra isa kAlameM digaMbara jaina saMghakA Agamana dakSiNakI orase uttarakI ora huA thA / dakSiNa bhAratIya jainoMkI mAnyatA hai ki eka lakSmIsena nAmaka jainAcArya bar3e bhArI vidvAn prasiddha the| unhoMne jainoMke cAra vidyApITha sthApita kiye the; jinameM tIna dakSiNabhAratameM aura eka dillI meM thaa| isase 1-jaihi0, bhA0 13 pR0 81 / 2-iMai0 bhA0 20 pR0 351 -356 va jaihi0, bhA0 6-7-8 pR. 32 / 3-jaiga0, bhA0 22 pR0 37 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [175 bhI paTTAvaliyoMke ukta kathanakA samarthana hotA hai| zvetAmbara jainoMkA lIlAsthala mukhyata: gujarAta hI rahA hai| jisa samaya gvAliyarameM digambara jaina paTTa thA, usa samaya saM0 1296 meM ratnakIrti nAmaka eka prasiddha jainAcArya the / 'vaha syAdvAdavidyAke samudra the, bAlabrahmacArI the, tapamI the, dayAlu the. unake zipya nAnA dezAmeM phaile hue the| __usa samayake digaMbara jaina saMghameM unakA saMgha prakhyAta thaa| usa saMghameM taba ninnalikhita AcArya huye ujjaina va vaaraakaasNgh| the|-(1) anaMtakIrti san 708 I0, (2) dharmanandi san 728 I0, (3) vidyAnandi san 751 I0, (4) rAmacandra 783 I0, (5) rAmakIrti 790 I0, (6) abhayacaMdra 821 I0, (7) naracandra 840 I0, (8) nAgacaMdra 859 I0, (9) haritandi 882 I0, (10) haricaMdra 891 I0, (11) mahIcandra 917 I0, (12) mAghacandra 933 I0, (13) lakSmIcaMdra 966 I0, (14) guNakIrti 970 I0, (15) guNacandra 991 I0, (16) lokacaMdra 1009 I0, (17) zrutakIrti 1022 I0, (18) bhAvacandra 1037 I0, (19) mahIcandra 1058 I0 / ujjainake uparAnta digambara muniyoMkA kendra vindhyAcala parvatake nikaTa sthita vArAnagara nAmaka sthAna huA thaa| vArA prAcInakAlase hI jainadharmakA kilA thA / AThavIM yA navIM zatAbdimeM vahAM zrI padmanaMdi munine 'jambUdvIpaprajJapti' kI racanA kI thii| isa granthakI 1-jaihi0, bhA0 6 aMka 7-8 10 26 / 2-jaihi0, bhA0 6 aGka 7-8 pR0 30-31 /

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176] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / prazastimeM likhA hai ki "vArA nagarameM zAMti nAmaka rAjAkA rAjya thA / yaha nagara dhanadhAnyase pUrNa thaa| samyagdRSTi janoMse, muniyoMke samUhase aura jainamaMdiroMse bhUSita thaa| rAjA zAnti jinazAsanabatsala, vIra aura narapati saMpUjita thA / zrI padmanaMdijIne apane guru Adi rUpameM ina digambara muniyoMkA ullekha kiyA hai; vIranaMdi, balanaMdi, RSi vijayaguru, mAghanaMdi, sakalacaMdra aura shriinNdi|' vArAnagarake saMghameM uparAnta nimnAGkita AcAryokA astitva milatA hai|' ___ (1) mAghacandra san 1083 I0, (2) brahmanaMdi 1087 I0, (3) zivanaMdi 1091 I0, (4) vizvacandra 1098 I0, (5) harinandi (siMhanaMdi) 1099 I0, (6) bhAvanaMdi 1103 I0 (7) devanaMdi 1110 I0, (8) vidyAcandra 1113 30, (9) sUracandra 1119 I0, (10) mAghanaMdi 1127 I0, (11) jJAnanaMdi 1131 I0 (12) gaMgakIrti 1142 / gaMgakIrtike pazcAt vArAnagarake sthAnapara saMghakA kendra gvAliyara hogayA thaa| bArahavIM zatAbdike aMtataka vahAM jainadharmakA khUba utkarSa huaa| kiMtu san 1207 meM bhaTTAraka vasantakIrtine ajamerako apanA kendra banAyA / ukta digaMbara jainAcArya dezabharameM sarvatra vihAra karake dharmodyota karate the| paravAdiyoMse vAda karane meM unheM prasiddha digNbraacaary| Ananda AtA thaa| vi0 saM0 1025 meM allU nAmaka rAjAkI sabhAmeM digambarAcA1-jaisAsaM0, bhA0 1 aGka 4 pR0 150 / 2-jaihi0, bhA0 6 aMka 7-8 pR0 31 va iMai0 20-354 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [177 ryakA vAda eka zvetAMbara AcAryase huA thaa| terahavIM zatAbdimeM anantavIrya nAmaka eka digaMbarAcArya prasiddha naiyAyika aura vAdI the| unhoMne agaNita vAdiyoMko gatamada kiyA thaa| isI samayake lagabhaga guNakIrti nAmaka mahAmuni vizada dharma-pracAraka the| unhIMke upadezase padmanAbha nAmaka kAyastha kavine 'yazodharacaritra' kI racanA kI thii| jhAMsI jilekA devagar3ha nAmaka sthAna bhI madhyakAlameM digaMbara muni. yoMkA kendra thaa| vahAM bhI kaI digaMbaracArya huye the, jinake ziSyoMne aneka dharmakArya kiye the| vi0 saM0 1223 meM muni devanaMdike zipya muni rAmacandrajI rAjyamAnya the| san 1295 meM AcArya mahAsena dakSiNabhAratase dillI Aye the aura unhoMne bAdazAha alAuddInake darabArameM brAhmaNa paMDitose vAda karake jainadharmakI apUrva prabhAvanA kI thii| IsavI prathama zatAbdike prArambhameM zvetAmbara saMpradAyake alaga hojAnese yadyapi nirgrantha vItarAgavRtti para muni dhrm| saMkaTake bAdala jarA halake par3a gaye the; kintu zvetAmbara jainoMkI abhivRddhike sAtha vaha phirase jora pakar3a gaye the / digambara jaina saMghameM bhI nirgranthavRttimeM apavAda prAraMbha ho gayA; kintu bhagavat kundakunda, jinasena, amitagati ityAdi jainAcAryoMke samakSa vaha adhika prabhAvazAlI nahIM ho sakA; yadyapi kAla mahArAjakI kRpAse usane jar3a avazya pakar3a lii| aura usake phalarUpa drAvir3a saMgha, kASThAsaMgha AdikA prAdurbhAva 1-eDinevA0, pR0 45| 2-pUrva0, pR0 86 / 3-digambaratva aura di0 muni pR0 151 / 4-jaimi0, bhA0 14 aMka 8 pR0 7 / 5-dAnavIra mANakacandra pR0 35 /

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178] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / huA thaa| tathApi antameM nirgranthavRttikA patana huA aura digambara saMghameM bhI vastradhArI bhaTTArakoM (muniyoM) kI utpatti aura unakI mAnyatA hone lagI thii| zrI guNabhadrAcAryajI (8 vIM za0 ) ke samayameM hI digambara muniyoMmeM zithilatA ghara kara cukI thI; aisA unakI uktiyoMse mAlUma hotA hai / aura paM0 AzAdharajIke samayameM digambaravRtti kevala juganUke samAna camakatI raha gaI thii| ataeva yaha kAla digambara jaina saMghameM eka bar3I ulaTaphera athavA krAMtikA samaya thaa| aura isa krAMtike pariNAmarUpa prAcIna saralavRttiko bahuta kucha dhakkA pahuMcA thaa|' saM0 753 meM muni kumArasena dvArA kASThasaMghakI utpatti mathurAmeM huI thii| mathurA aba bhI digambara jainoMkA kendra thaa| IsavI terahavIM zatAbdi taka paurANika hindudharmake sAtha zaiva, liGgAyata, rAmAnuja paMtha, Adike bhaktivAda gRhastha dhrm| evaM kriyAkANDane bhAratameM khAsA prabhAva jamA liyA thaa| dakSiNa bhAratameM usakI tUtI bolane lagI thii| prAkRta jainadharma para bhI isa nUtana dhArmika vRttikA bahuta kucha asara par3A thaa| jahAM eka samaya jaina dharmakI ahiMsA vRttine hindUdharma para apanI gaharI chApa lagAI thI, vahAM isa kAlameM hindUdharmake bhaktivAda aura karmakANDane jainadharmake svarUpako vikRta banA diyaa| jainadharmameM jAtibheda yadyapi prAkRta rUpameM svIkRta thA, parantu vaha pArasparika ghRNA aura dveSakA kAraNa nahIM thaa| usameM jAti aura kulakA moha mithyAtva mAnA jAtA thaa| kintu brAmaNoMke saMsargase jainadharmAnuyAyiyoMmeM bhI jAtIya-prabhedakA bhUta sirapara 1-bhamI0, pR0 1-18 / 2-razrA0, pR0 26: /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jainadharma [179 car3ha baiThA aura tabase vaha barAbara use acchA nAca nacA rahA hai| pahale jaina dharmameM amipUjA, zrAddha tarpaNa, yajJopavIta Adiko bhI sthAna prApta nahIM thA; kintu isa kAlameM inakA praveza bhI usameM ho gyaa| jahAM 'padmapurANa' jaise prAcIna graMthameM brAhmaNoMkA "sUtrakaNThaH" kaha kara upahAsa ur3AyA hai vahAM uparAntake graMthoMmeM yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA zrAvakoMkA kartavya batalAyA gayA hai| kintu pazcima bhAratameM rahaneke kAraNa zvetAmbara jainadharma para ina bAtoMkA kama asara par3A mAlUma par3atA hai| unameM yajJopavIta pRthA pracalita nahIM hai aura na unameM jAtipAMtike bhedakI kaharatA maujUda hai| abhI hAlameM eka jarmana mahilAko zuddha karake zvetAmbara samAjameM sammilita kiyA jA cukA hai| ajainoMko jainadharmameM dIkSita karanekA prayAsa isa kAlameM khUba cAlU rahA thaa| zaGkarAcAryake bAda jainadharmoajainoMkI zuddhi / natike samaya jainAcAryoMko apane ziSya ... bar3hAnekI dhuna savAra thii| digambara jainAcArya zrI mAghanandijIkI to yaha pratijJAthI ki vaha jaba taka pratidina pAMca ajainoMko zrAvakadharmameM dIkSita nahIM karate the, taba taka AhAra nahIM karate the| 'mahAjanavaMzamuktAvalI se pragaTa hai ki "saM0 1176 meM bhI jinavallabhasUrine par3ihAra jAtike rAjapUta rAjAko jainI banAkara mahAjana (vaizya) vaMzameM zAmila kiyA thaa| usakA dIvAna jo kAyastha thA vaha bhI jainI hokara mahAjana huAthA |khiicii rAjapUta jo dhAr3A mArate the, jainI huye the| zrI jinabhadrasUrine rAThoravaMzI rAjapUtoMko jainI banAyA thaa| saM0 1167 meM unhoMne paramAravaMzI

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180] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / rAjapUtoMko jainI banA liyA thaa| saM0 1196 meM jinadattasUrine eka yaduvaMzI rAjAko jainadharmameM dIkSita kiyA thA, jo mAMsa-madirA bhakSaka thaa| saM0 1168 meM solaMkI rAjapUta bhI jainadharmako grahaNa kara cuke the / saM0 1198 meM jainAcAryane bhATI rAjapUta rAjAko bhI jainI kiyA thaa| saM0 1181 meM cauhAnoMkI 24 jAtiyAM jainI huI thiiN| dIvAna rAThI mahezvarI bhI jainI huye the| - zrI nemicaMdrasUrine saM0 1187 meM kitane hI rAjapUtoMko jainI kiyA thaa| saM0 1197meM sonIgarA jAtake rAjapUta rAjAko jainadharmAnuyAyI banAyA thA / " nAgara vaizya bhI pahale jainadharmameM dIkSita kiye jA cuke haiN| paravAra jainI bhI isI samayake lagabhaga jainadharmameM dIkSita kiye gaye the| aise hI anya bahutase logoMko jainAcAyoMne jainadharmakI zaraNameM lA baiThAyA thaa| zrI jinasenAcAryane apane 'AdipurANa meM spaSTa likhA hai ki pratyeka mumukSuko jainadharmakI dIkSA denA cAhiye aura usako AjIvikAke anusAra usakA varNa sthApita karake prAcIna jainoMko usake sAtha roTI-beTIvyavahAra karanA caahiye| roTI-beTIkA vyavahAra isa kAlameM ucca vargoM taka hI sImita nahIM thA; balki zUdroMkI kanyAyeM grahaNa karalI jAtI thii| hA~ pratilobha vivAhakA rivAja banda sA ho gayA thaa| svayaMvara prathAkA bAhulyatAse pracAra thaa| khAna-pAnake liye bhojya zUdroM takake yahAMkA zuddha nirAmiSa bhojana grahaNa karanA anucita nahIM samajhA jAtA thaa| 1-mAdipurANa parva 39 zlo0 61-71 / 2-mAdipurANa parva 42 / 3-prAyazcita samuccaya pR0 212 / .

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [181 yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAcArya jhaTa ajainoMko zuddha karake arthAt jainadharmameM dIkSita karake unake yahAM AhAra nadharmakI vyavahArika grahaNa kara lete the| jainadharmakI vyavahArika upyogitaa| upayogitA bhI usa samaya naSTa nahIM huI thii| __rAjapUta kSatrI bhI use dhAraNa karate huye apane jAtIya kartavya asi dharmameM kucha bhI bAdhA AtI nahIM pAte the| saca. muca jainadharma rAjanItimeM bAdhaka hai bhI nhiiN| AtmarakSA athavA dharma saMrakSaNake liye zAstravidyAkA sIkhanA usa samaya vaizyoMke liye bhI Avazyaka thaa| isa prakAra sAdhAraNataH usa samayake jainadharmakA svarUpa thaa|

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cazoli alchbllo bAbU R = // kAmatAprasAdajIkRta Beena grnth| wesomeo / bhagavAna mahAvIra bhagavAna pArzvanAtha / bhagavAna mahAvIra va ma0 buddha 1 // ) rasa jaina itihAsa pra0 bhAga 2) " dU.bhA.pra.khaDa 1 // ) " dU.khaMDa 1-) = == celanI" =) ra satya mArga ) navaratna =) paMcaratna |=) vizAla jainasaMgha / ) digambaratva va digambara muni 1) jainadharma siddhAnta jaina jAtikA hrAsa patA-digaMbara jaina pustakAlaya, kApar3iyAbhavana-mUrata /