Samipya 1993 Vol 10 Ank 01 02

Author(s): Pravinchandra C Parikh, Bhartiben Shelat
Publisher: Bholabhai Jeshingbhai Adhyayan Sanshodhan Vidyabhavan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/535787/1

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JOURNAL OF B. J. INSTITUTE OF LEARNING & RESEARCH eprila, '93 thI sapTembara, 1993 visa.... 2049, caitra-vi, sa, 2049, bhAdrapada pya pustaka 10, aMka 1-2 adhyayana ane saMzodhananu traimAsika sapAdaka pravINacaMdra ci. parIkha bhAratI kI, zelata sahAyaka sa'pAdaka Ara. TI. sAvaliyA bhALAbhAI jezi gabhAI adhyayana saMzAdhana vidyAbhavana amadAvAda-380009

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lekhakane vijJAti "sAmIpyamAM prakAzita karavA mATe lekhakoe pRSThanI eka ja bAjue zAhIthI suvAcya akSare lakhelA lekha mokalavA vinaMtI che. zakya hoya to lekho TAIpa karI mokalavA jarUrI che. gujarAta vidyApIThana joDaNIkoza pramANenI joDaNI rAkhavI Avazyaka che. lekhanI mULa prata ja mokalavI. lekhanuM lakhANa 3,000 zabdothI vadhu lakhuM na hovuM joIe. bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti, purAtatva ane prAyavidyAne lagatA koI paNa viSaya parano saMzodhanAtmaka ke ucca kakSAne lekha ja svIkAravAmAM Avaze. lekhakoe pANIpamAM saMdarbha graMthanuM nAma, enA lekhaka ke saMpAdakanuM nAma, AvRtti, prakAzanasthaLa, varSa vagere vigato darzAvavI Avazyaka che, lekhanI sAthe jarUrI phoTogrApha rekhAMkanA vagere mokalavAM Avazyaka che. anyatra pragaTa thavA mokalelAM lakhANa A sAmayika mATe mokalavAM nahIM. ahIM pragaTa thatA lekha mAM vicAro lekhakanA che. tenI sAthe saMpAdaka ha meza sahamata che ema mAnavuM nahIM. sAmAyikanAM A lakhANa kopIrAITathI surakSita karavAmAM Ave che. A sAmayikamAM prasiddha thayelA lekha mATe mudrita puSTa dITha rU. 5/ ne puraskAra temaja emanA lekhanI 10 eprinsa apAze. * varSamAM cAra aMka bahAra paDe che : eprila-jUna, julAI-sapTembara, eNkaTobara-Dise. ane jAnyuArI mArcanA lavAjama bhAratamAM : rU. 30 -(TapAla kharca sAthe) paradezamAM : yu. esa. e, mATe 6 Dolara (TapAla kharca sAthe) yuropa ane anya dezo mATe 2.50 pIMDa (TapAla khaca sAthe) lavAjama mATenuM varSa eprilathI mArca A aMkanI chUTaka kimata rU 20/ ma.o., patro, lekho, ceko vagere "adhyakSa, bho. je. adhyayana-saMzodhana-vidyAbhavana, ha. kA. ATaeNsa kaeNlejanA kampAunDamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380 009' e saranAme mokalavA. jAherAto A trimAsikamAM jAherAto ApavA mATe lakho : saMpAdaka, 'sAmI', bho. je. ayanasaMzAdhana vidyA bhavana, ha. kA. ArTasa kolejanA kapAunDamAM, A trama roDa, amadAvAda-380 009 jAherAtanA dara aMdaranuM pRche AkhuM rU. 500/ , , adhu rU. 250/AvaraNa , bIju triIju rU. 1,000/ , cAmuM rU. 2,000/prakAzaka : DaoN. pravINacaMdra parIkha niyAmaka, bhe. je, vidyA bhavana, ha. kA ArTasa koleja kampAunDamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380 009 graMthAvalokana mATe graMthanI samIkSA karAvavA mATe pustakanI be nakala mokalavI anivArya gaNAze. je pustakanI eka ja nakala maLI haze tenI samIkSAne badale e aMge sAbhAra-svIkAra noMdhamAM eno samAveza karavAmAM Avaze. pustaka samIkSAne yogya che ke kema ene nirNaya saMpAdaka karaze. pustakanA samIkSakane rU. 10/-no puraskAra ane emanA avalokananI 10 phapri-sa tathA emaNe avalokana karela graMthanI nakala bheTa apAze. -saMpAdako prakAzana varSa : Disembara, 1994 mudaka : kriznA prinTarI, harajIbhAI paTela 966, nAraNapurA junA gAma amadAvAda-13 * phana : 484393 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pu. 10, aMka 1-2 eprila, 27-sapTembara, 1993 vi. saM. 2049 caitra-vi. saM. 2049 bhAdrapada lekhenI anukramaNikA pRSTha kramAMka 1. zukala yajurveda (mAdhyandina) saMhitAmAMthI rUdrASTAdhyAyInuM cayana lakSmaza joSI 2. pAMDavonA yAdava sabaMdhe hariprasAda zAstrI 3. bhAratIya mUti paraMparAnA AdhAra graMtha pravINacaMdra parIkha 10 4. prAcIna maharSionuM dhUmaketu-darzana mukuMda lAlajI vADekara 14 5. matsyapurANa ane kumArasaMbhavanuM kathAtattva rameza beTAI 18 6. bho. je. vidyAbhavana saMgrahamAMnA sikkA : eka svAdhyAya bhAratI zelata 24 7. zrAvastIne jetavana-dAnanA prasaMganAM zi9pAMkane thomasa paramAra 28 8. gujarAtanI gaNeza pratimAo : keTalIka navIna upalabdhio rA. ThA. sAvaliyA 31 9. harSacatine kartA bANane bhAvaka vaga kamalezakumAra cha. cokasI 35 10. dapiDa-prayukta abhinava, aprayukta zabdo gItA mahetA 11. amadAvAda-vaLAda-mAhisaka 2. nA. mahetA 12. gujarAtanA abhilekhomAM sUryamaMdiranA nirdeza krinA che. pAlI 13. amadAvAda zaheranuM eka sthaLanAma : zekhA muMjAlanI poLa jheDa. e. devAI 14. madhyakAlIna gujarAtamAM prayojAyelA keTalAka saMvate razmi ojhA 15. saMskRta kavionuM eka a9pajJAta kuTuMba siddhArtha . vANukara 65 16. mahAkavi padmanAbha viracita "kAnhaDade prabaMdhamAM nirUpAyeluM samAja jIvana : eka abhyAsa mahezacaMda paMDayA 17. vIra rasanA prakAro pI. yu. zAstrI Da9 sAhitya ane rASTravAda "hiMda ane briTAniyA" (1885)mAM vyakta thayelI rASTrIya bhAvanA jayakumAra ra. zukala 84 sAbhAra-svIkAra citrAMca 1-2 pIDAInI gaNeza pratimA, paMcamahAlamAMnI nRtya gaNeza pratimA 3-5 bAvakAnI gaNeza pratimA, zAmaLAjInI nRnya gaNeza prati mA, nagarAnI gaNeza pratimA pR. 32 sAme pR. 33 sAme bhe. je. vidyAbhavana ha, kA. ArTasa koleja kampAunDamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-380009 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zukala yajurveda (mAdhyandina) saMhitAmAMthI rudrASTAdhyAyInuM cayana lameza joSI * nA gauNa devatA 28, yajurvedamAM pradhAna devatA bane che. keTalAka pAzcAtya vidvAne tene takAnanA devatA (storm god) mAne che. bhAratIya paraMparA rudrane agninuM pratIka mAne che. zivaliMga agni-javAlAnuM sUcana kare che. dinA sthAne jalAdhArI hoya che. agnimAM ghInI dhArA dvArA Ahati apAya tema zivaliMga upara jaLAdinI dhArAthI abhiSeka thAya. ziva-upAsaka bhasma dhAraNa kare che. temAM paNa radranI agni sAthenI abhinnatA kAraNarUpa che. tethI pArthiva-ani, aMtarikSano vidyutaagni ane zukane sUrya A traNeya rudranAM ja svarUpa che. zukala yajurveda mAdhyandina saMhitA - 16)mAM jovA maLatuM vyApaka rUdranuM nirUpaNa jotAM jaNAya che ke rudra sRSTinA kAraNarUpa saguNa brahma athavA paramAtmA che. A rUdranI ArAdhanArUpe zivaliMga upara avicchinna jalAdinI dhArAthI abhiSeka karavAmAM Ave che. A prasaMge zukala yajurveda mAdhyandina saMhitA (. ya. mA. saM.) nA, vizeSa rIte saMkalita karalA maMtra uccAravAmAM Ave che. A maMtra-samUhane rudrASTAdhyAyI ke rudrI kahe che. yajana -pUjana) pradhAna vedane yajurveda kahe che. yAjJavalkaye Aditya pAsethI prApta karelA ane brAhmaNabhAganA mizraNa vagaranA vadane zukala yajurveda kahe che. kRSNa yajurvedanI 86 ane 2. ya.nI 15 ema maLIne yujavedanI 101 zAkhAo thaI hatI. A sUcave che ke prAcIna samayamAM yajurvedane abhyAsa kendrasthAne rahyo haze.4 zu. ya.nI 15 zAkhAomAMthI hAla be zAkhAo-mAdhyadina ane kAva upalabdha che. zu. 5.nI je zAkhAnuM grahaNu mAdhyandina nAmanA ziSya karyuM te zAkhAne mAdhyandina kahe che. zu.ya. ma. sa.mAM kula 40 adhyAya che ane badhA maLIne 1975 maMtro (vastuta: kaDikAo) che. A maMtromAMthI 207 maMtronuM cayana karIne rudrASTAdhyAyInuM saMkalana karavAmAM AvyuM che. A ATha adhyAyone be rIte gaNAvAya che. eka rIta pramANe, a. 1 (TnAnatva...maMtra 10), a. 2 paraSasUkta, maMtra 22), a. 3 (apratiratha sUkta, maMtra 17), a. 4 (maitrasakta, maMtra 17), a. 5 (zataradiya, maMtra 66), a, 6 (vaya 4 soma... ma. 10), a. 7 (34prazna...ma'. 7), a. 8 vAga ma'. raI-A ATha adhyAyonI rUdrASTAdhyAyI bane che (kula matro 178). ene aMte zAntikaraNa adhyAya (zna vAraM gg...matra 24) joDela che (eTale maMtrasaMkhyA 202 thAya che). drASTAdhyAyInI samAptimAM svastiprArthanAdinA 13 maMtro che. temAM zu.ya.mA.sa.nA A maMtro che (paraMtu be maMtro jiao nAkAzi... ane cauH rAtiH...punarukta hovAthI navA maMtro 5). taduparAMta paMcamukhI zivanAM. anAme pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa, pUrva ane Urva mukhanA pAMca matro kRSNa yajurveda taittirIya AraNyaka (prapAThaka 10, anuvAka 43 thI 47)mAMthI lIdhA che.pa sarva vedonA rasarUpe sAmane nirUpate aMtima maMtra che (jenuM mULa jaNAyuM nathI). Ama svastika prArthanAdinA navA 5 maMtrone umeratAM kula 27 maMtro rudrASTAdhyAyImAM zu. yu. mA. saM.nA che. A rIte ATha adhyAye thAya.mA.vAjasaneyIonI AhnikasutrAvalimAM ApelA che. 6 * rIDara, saMskRta vibhAga, gujarAta yunivarsiTI, amadAvAda zukala yajura (mAdhyandina) sahitAmAMthI rUdrASTAdhyAyInuM cayana ] For Private and Personal Use Only

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A , bIjI rIta pramANa sASTAdhyArthInA 1 thI 5 apAya upara ApelA krama anusAra che. paraMtu a. 6 (vajha sAma...) ane a. 7 (3%...) e banne bhegA karIne radrASTAdhyAyIne 6ThTho adhyAya gaNAya che. vA ..e a. 7 ane vAraM...e a. 8-Ama ATha adhyAyo mAnelAM che." paraMta, A bemAMthI prathama rItanI aSTAdhyAyI ucita lAge che. kAraNa ke, aMtima zAntikaraNano adhyAya viMdhiMnA Adi ane aMtamAM uccArAya che. tema ja zuyamA.saM. uparanA mahIMdharanA vedadIrAbhASya anusAra, svAdhyAyamAM, maMtrapAThamAM ane pravayaMmaMtronA AdimAM A zAntikaraNa adhyAya prajAta jovA maLe che. eTale zAnitakaraNa adhyAyane 8me adhyAya gaNavAnI jarUra nathI.. prathama rIvanA ayAma-sakalana pramANe radrASTAyAyIne dhyAnamAM rAkhIne, za. yu. mA. sa. ane. jhAdhyAyIe banane vacceno saMbadha nIce pramANe darzAvI zakIe. rAmAma. maMtrakhyAta che zuya. mAsa, adhyAya 23 (maMtra 19, 32, 33). 34 (maMtra 49 ane 1 thI 6) 3 (saMpUrNa adhyAya) 17 (bha. 33 thI 49) 33 (naM. 30 thI 33) 07 (saM. 12, 16, 42) 33 (. 34 thI 43) 16 (saMpUrNa adhyAya). *3 (naM. 56 thI 63) 17 (ma'. 31 ane 32) 39 (naM. 7 thI 13) 18 (saM. 1 thI 29) zaktikaraNuM 36 (saMpUrNa adhyAya svastiprAthanAdi 25 (ma'. 19), 18 (ma 39), 5' (saM. 24 4 (saM. 20), 3 (ma64), 30 (maM 3 36 (saM. 17)-ahI 3.63 ane 36, 17 punarukta maMtro che. ka, ya. ta. A nA 5 matro ane aMte 1 maMtra che (mULa jaNAyu nathI). cAma..ApaNe joyuM ke zu.e.mA.saM.mAMthI a. 31, a. 16 ane a. 36-e traNa saMpUrNa adhyAya rUdrASTAdhyAyInA saMkalanamAM lIdhA che. taduparAMta, za..mA.sa. a 23, 34, 17 39 ane 18 ema 8 adhyAyomAMthI amuka ja maMtronuM cayana karyuM che. Ama zu.ya.mA.saM.ne 3 saMpUrNa apAyo, ane bIjA 8 mAMthI amuka maMtronuM cayana kareluM che. have prazna e thAya ke-saMhitAmAMthI rUdrASTAdhyAyInuM cayana koNe karyuM? kayAre? zA prayojanathI karyuM? AmAMthI prathama praznano uttara hAla ApaNI pAse nathI. bIjA ane trIjA prajJA sara [ sAmI eprila, '93,-eka 144 For Private and Personal Use Only

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aMge ApaNe keTalIka dhAraNAo karI zakIe. ukASTAdhyAyInuM cayana dhANuM prAsIna hoya tema lAge che. za..mA.sa nAM keTalAMka sUkto amuka prasaMge jahAM tAravIne bolavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. sAkara JghasatramAM vidhAna che ke zrAddhAdi prasaMge puruSasUkta, apratirathasUkta ane bIjAM pavitra sikone japa kara. gRhyasUtrano samaya Azare I. pU. bIjI-trIjI sadI gaNAya. 11 vaLI kAliya (saM. a. 16) sUktane mahimA mahAbhArata, jAbAla upaniSada, kevalya upaniSada vageremAM varNavAye che.' vaLI, vebara kahe che ke saMhitAnAM keTalAMka sUkto pAchaLathI. upaniSada tarIke gaNAvA lAgyAM; jema ke, zatarudriya (a. 16), paruSasUkta (a. 31), zivasaMka9pa. (a. 34). AnA paraNI elita cAya che ke jemane rudrASTAdhyAyInA a. 1, 2, 3, 5 tarIke mAnavAmAM Ave che te sakto ke akhAyanuM vizeSa mahattva hatuM. AvAM sUktone alaga pATha karavAnI prathA I. 5 6 hI ke 7mI sadImAM zarU thaI haze. AmAMthI hAla upalabdha rudrASTAdhyAyInuM saMkalana thayuM haze. uparAMta, kALa daramyAna . liMgapUjA tathA uddhapUjAnuM saMyojana thayuM e eka mata che. tethI prAcIna manAtI rudraprajAnA saMge zivasaMka95 vagere mukta belAtAM haze ema svIkArIe te, kASTAdhyAyInuM cayana thaze prAcIna haze.ema. mAnavuM paDe. paraMtu hAla ApaNe A cayananA samaya vize nizcayAtmaka vizvAna karI zakatA nathI. drASTAdhyAyInA camatakta ke pracetAne A cayananuM prazna jana yuddhasvarUpe RTikta maramAtmAnI upAsanA hoya tema jaNAya che. jema chAndogya (5 18)mAM vizvAnaranA sAMDhapAMga svarU5nuM nimaNu che tema radraSTAdhyAyInA janamAM, SaDagane nirdeza 3 maLe che. zikrasaMkalpa vyAka nuM ja che, 2Sasakta zira che, uttara ,nArAyaNa maMtro, e zikhA che. Azu : krizAna : e cihanuM kavaca che. dvibhADa (a. 4) e ddhanuM netra che. zatakriya rudranuM caritra che. A da95tA sucave che ke rudrASTAyA- alImAM lApaka28tI samatapAsanA che. rudrAksadhyiAtInA pracetAe prathama pAnAvA...ne maMtra pasaMda karyo. mahadharabhASya asAra gaNapati.e.azvamedhane azva che. paraMtu zatapathabrAhmaNa kahe che ke medha (sajha)ne eya membraazvanuM zira uSA che, cakSu surya che. tenA prANue vAyu che.* bRhaddharAyunA A bhAga uparanA bhAgamAM zaMkarAcArya kahe che ke devanuM yajana karanAra karatAM AtmAnuM vajana karanA zreSTha che. ane A - azvae ja prajApati che.15A azva AtmAno pratinidhi che. athavA uccatara, avasthAmAM saMkramaNa karavA azva eka jahana che. 15A Ama gaNapati, azva ane prajApati e traNe ya hAdo . viyApaka 5ramAtmAnA vAcaka che. vaLI zatarudriyamAM rUdane gaNapati kahela che (nA, gapatiya&..saM. a. 16 25). Ama udrIne prAraMbha paramAtmAnI prArthanAthI thAya che. saM. a. 13 19 ne A gaNapati-maMtra laIne pachInA keTalAka maMtro pracayataktae DI vidhA. mahIdharabhASyamAM A maMtronA amalIla kahI zakAya tevA artho Apela che. zyAmApasaMbaMcha , anuvAda karatI vakhate griphithe A maMtrono anuvAda karyA vinA choDI dIdhA. temaNe kahyuM ke A enA aMrtha ardhA gUDha rahe tevI rIte paNa anuvAda karI zakAya tema nathI. paratumahIkArabhAjyanA mIla arthane svAmI dayAnaMda sarasvatI svIkAratA nathI. A muddo svataMtra carcA mANI le tevo che. drInAe. tenA bIjA-trIjA maMtramAM (saM. a. 23-33 ane 34) gAyatrI vagere cha sAvyA A rIte paramatatvanI upAsanA mATenA vicAronA mAdhyamane nizA myuM hoya tema jaNAya che. tyArabAda upAsaka, sAta divya RSio dvArA pUrvakama anusAra racAtI egrinI vAta karI: (sa. kathakala 2jada (mAdhyandina) saMhitAmAMthI rudrASTAdhyAyInuM cayana] For Private and Personal Use Only

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a. 34-49), pachI rudrInA pracetAe zivasaMkalpa suktanA 6 maMtro pasaMda karyA (saM. a. 34 1 thI 6). paramatattvanI dhAraNuM karavA mATe cittane zivasaMka95 banAvavuM anivArya che. rudrInA a. 2 mAM-puruSasUktamAM suSTinA kAraNarU5 rudranuM nirUpaNa karyuM. uttaranArAyaNanA maMtramAM spaSTa rIte kahyuM ke te paramatattvane jANyA vagara, muktine bIjo koI mAga nathI. rudrASTAdhyAyIna a. 3mAM vIratAnA pratIkarUpa IndranI stuti che. kAmakrodhAdi zatrurUpa vRtrane haNavA indrane prArthanA karyA pachI maitrasta athavA sUyastuti che. pApamAMthI mukta karavA upAsaka sUryarazmione prAthe che. A a.mAM saMhitAnA 33nA maMtronI vacce sUryastutinA a. 7 nA 3 maMtro saMkalita karelA che. tyArabAda rudrInA pamA adhyAyarUpe saM. a. 16 mo lIdho che. temAM rudranA vyApaka svarUpanuM adbhuta varNana che. ene zatarudriya kahe che. A namaste ka nyava...thI prAraMbhAtA zatarudriyanA rudrAbhiSeka prasaMge Avata ne karavAmAM Ave che. kuMbhAra, suthAra, luhAra, zikArI vagaranA svarUpe rahelA rudrane namaskAra karavAmAM Ave che. ahIM gItAnA vibhUtiyoganI jema, jagatanA sarva padArthomAM vyApelA rudrane vAraMvAra namaskAra karavAmAM Ave che. aSTAdhyAyImAM A rudrAdhyAya mukhya ane kendra sthAne che. - tyArabAda rudrInA 6 kai a.mAM soma ane vizeSatA : abakarUpe rahelA rudranI stuti che. rudranA trIjA netrarUpe rahelA jJAnAgni dvArA ja kAma baLe che ane kAkaDInuM DI sUryatApathI pAkIne kharI paDe tema A yaMbakanA jJAnAgnithI mAnava prauDha banIne matya padArthonA baMdhanathI chUTe che. rUdrASTAdhyAyInA a. 7 mAM ugra vagere masta-devono nirdeza che. rudrane manA pitA kahela che.18 tyArabAda dehAdinA samarpaNanI bhAvanAnA nirUpaNamAM agni, vidyuta (azani), pazupati, bhava, zarva, IzAna, mahAdeva, ugra vagere rudranAmono nirdeza karelo jovA maLe che. zatapathabrAhmaNamAM rudranAM 8 nAmo prajApatie pADayAM e vArtA Ave che. A ja ATha nAmo paraMparAthI mahimnaH stotramAM UtarI AvyAM.20 rudrInA a. 7mAM sarvasamaparNanA bhAvane vyakta karatI, svAhAkAra zabdovALI 42 Ahutio che. karmakADamAM prAyazcita-Ahutio tarIke A prasiddha che. saM. a. 39nA maMtra 7 thI 10nuM ahI cayana kareluM che. : " rUdrASTAdhyAyInA a. 8 mAM saM, a. 18 mAMthI 1 thI 29 maMtronuM cayana kareluM che. sarvasvanuM paramAtmAne samarpaNa karyA pachI upAsaka yajJanA pavitra sAdhana dvArA jagatanA tamAma uttama padArtho mane prApta thAo evI prArthanA kare che. yajJa paraMparAmAM A 29 maMtrone vArdhArAnA maMtro kahe che. A AThamA adhyAyane aMte maMtramukhe upAsaka kahe che ke ame have a-mRta banI gayA chIe. have ame prajApatinI prajA banyA chIe. ahIM samagra mAnavajAtanA UvikaraNane saMketa jaNAya che. ahIM rudrInA 8 adhyAye samApta thAya che. zAntikaraNanA adhyAyamAM (saM, a. 36 saMpUrNa, maMtro 24) upAsaka devone mAthe che ke teo tenuM kalyANa ke sukha kare. phuloka vageremAM rahelI zAnti potAne prApta thAya evI jhaMkhanA sAdhaka abhivyakta kare che. pote paramAtmAnI kRpA dRSTimAM cirakAla cho (zo te sAti nI zALA sa. a36 19) evI AzA seve che. devAne mATe sthApita, ane paramAtmAnA cakSa35 sUyane prAthe che ke ame se varSa jIvIe, sAMbhaLIe, bolIe, adIna banIne jIvanayApana karIe. yAkalpa dvArA badhu meLavIne upAsaka zAMtine jhaMkhe che. ' [ sAmIpya : eprila, '97-sapTe., 1992 For Private and Personal Use Only

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' dvASTAdhyAyInA aMte ApelA svati prArthanAdi maMtramAM svasti mATe upAsaka indrAdi devone prArtha che savatra tene paya: ke uttama rasa prApta thAya ema te icche che. yajJamaMDaLanA vAMsane viSNunuM lalATa mAnIne tenI stuti kare che. pachI surya vagere 12 devatAone nAmaniza eka maMtramAM karelA che. tyArabAda zivane pAMca mukhanI stutinA pAMca maMtro, kR. yu. taitti. AraNyaka (prA. 10)mAMthI lIdhelA che. muMDana karI ApanAra aAnI paNa stuti karI che ke te potAne Ija na kare. savitAne mAthe che ke te duritane dUra kare ne bhadrane prApta karAve. aMte puna: zAMtinI abhIsA vyakta karI che. Apa zu.ya.mA.saM.mAMthI 287 maMtronuM cayana karIne, kadAca I. pUrve, koIka ajJAta vidvAne, paramatattavanI rudrarUpe upAsanA karavA mATe rudrASTAdhyAyInI racanA karelI hoya tema jaNAya che. A maMtrone gUDhatama Azaya paramatattavanA ciMtanane haze. pAchaLathI pUjAnI ane yajJanI vidhiomAM A maMtrone viniyoga thayo haze, kAraNa ke maMtronI bhASA pratIkAtmaka che. pAdaTIpa 1. The evidence of the Rgveda does not distinctly show with what (physical basis Rudra is connected. He is generally regarded as a storm-god. A. A. Macdonell, (The Vedic Mythology, Varanasi, 1963, pp. 76 ff.) 2. marina dro carot tasmati rudra: { "zatapatha brAhmaNa 6-1-3-10, pR. 496, saMpA. paM. cina svAmi zAstrI ane paM. paTTAbhirAma zAstrI, caukhambA, vArANasI, AvRtti bIjI, 1984 3. The almighty Brahman is, therefore, held up for worship in this chapter (16). The Rudrastadhyayi of Paramatma (chap. VIII), G. G. Desai, (Thinking with The Yajurveda, Asia Publishing House, Bombay, 1967, p. 133) The Yajurveda...is distinguished above the other vedas by the great number of different schools which belong to it. This is at once a consequence and a proof of the fact that it became preeminently the subject of study. Albrecht Weber, (The History of Indian Literature, Varanasi, ed. Vith, 1961, p. 85) kRSNayajurvedIya-taittirIya-AraNyakam-zrImatsAyaNAcAryabhASyasametam (prapA. 7-10) bhAgaH 2, saM. bAbAzAstrI phaDake. AvRtiH dvitIyA. khistAbdAH 1927, pR. 753-55, AnandAzramagranthA vaHi (pUnA) | 6. zrI rAjayagurveTIyanA nivAsaneyinI "mAhe sUtrAvariTa, saM. vaidyanArAyaNa viThThala purajara, muMbaI AvRtti 12, 1985, pR. 267-291 7. zrI sujhurvethImArthIvanavananethinAM "vRhat brahmanicarmaracA:' ! -prayojaka : zAstrI durgA zaMkara umAzaMkara ThAkara, AvRtti 13mI, muMbaI, 1980, pR. 62-91 zAntikaraNam aadi-antyoH| RcaM vAcam iti adhyAyena zAntikaraNa kAryam / svAdhyAye mantrapAThe gvarSe trAsI gayu adhyAya, nAn | -mahIdharabhASya, zu. 5. saMhitA, saMpA. 5. jagadIza lAla zAstrI, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dihI, punamudraNa 1978, pR. 182 9. nave...puruSasUnAm mAtaram anyAni pavitrALa -pAraskaragRhyasatra pariziSTa, zrAddhasUtra, pR. 24, (saMpA. AcArya amRtalAla trikajita), nirNayasAgara, muMbaI, 1950 zukala yajurveda (mAdhyandina) saMhitAmAMthI rudrASTAdhyAyInuM cayana ] For Private and Personal Use Only

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20. F. Max Muller, A. History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature, Chawkbamba, Vara nasi, 1968, p..218 12. kiM japyena amRtasvam ?...zatarUdriyeNa, etAni eva ha vA amRtasya nAmAni | ARni . 5. 3433; yaH zatarudriyamadhIte so'gnipUto bhavati, vAyupUto bhavati, AtmapUto bhavati / -394 ni., pR. 358 AyazapaniSadaH, (sa'. zrIvAna vidyAsAgara mahAnyAya), mI 21, sal, cha..sa. 1892 12.2.pI. abhAna, gurazatanuzevabhUti vidhAna, bhAta, prathama mAtti, 1883, ... 13. ukaca-zivasaGkalpahRdaya, sUkta' syAt pauruSa ziraH / prAhurnArAyazIya ca, zikhA syAt cocarAbhidham / / AzuH zizAnakavaca netraM vibhrAD bRhatsmRtam / zatarUdriyamastra-syAt Sakama IritaH // -brahmanityasabhuzyaya, taheva, pR. 13-64 .TI. 14. uSA vA 'Azvasya meyadasya shirH| sUryazcakSutiH prANaH / -tapayayAlaya, 10.6.4.1, pR. 907 tadeva 15. tathA ca zAstra-"AtmayAjI zreyAn devayAjinaH" / AL. mA. Yel., pR. 2, 1.1.1, pR. 4, vaizi paniSadaH, mAtImAra ma., cieii, AvRtti prathama, 1964, pR. 249-50 9424. The horse could represent the self or the vehicle of the self. Naama Drury, (The Sacrificial Ritual in the Satapatha Brahmana, Motilal - B., Delhi, ed. I, 1981, p. 42) 16. This and the following nine stanzas (23.20 to 23.29) are not reproducible even in the semi obscurity of a learned European language. Ralph T. H..Griffith, (The Text of the white Yajurveda, 3rd edn. Banarasa, 1957) 17. zatapatha ke racayitAne cija ayAjJika adhidaivata, adhyAtma, tathA Adhibhautika artha diye haiM, jinheM ki maharSi dayAnandane 'satyArtha' kahA hai / -tapaya pariziSTa (15), pro. * vizvanAtha vidyAlaMkAra, zatapathabrAjhagasya agnacayana-samIkSA (zata0 kANDa 6-1.0), mADala TAuna, karanAla (harayANA), prathama saM., vi.saM. 2042, pR. 298 18. idaM pitre marutAmucyate vacaH / -*. 1.114.6 19. kumAra kiM rodiSi ? nAma me ghehi...rudro'si iti |...dehi me nAma...sarvo'si ista / - / zata 26, sa (BA), pazupati, a, azani, bhava, mahAn heva, IzAna mA nAma prajApati abhinane mApe che.-zatapatha. 6.1.3.10 taha, pR. 48-457 20. bhavaH zarvo rudraH pazupatirathograH saha mahAn tathA bhImezAnAviti yadabhidhAnAdhakamidam |-shivmlin stotra', 28 My fourth objective was to show that, through the ritual,..the Brahmanas were concerned with death, immortality and the relationship of man to divine reality. Naama Drury, op. cit., Preface p. vi sAbhAya :menisa, Te., uta For Private and Personal Use Only

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pAMDavAnA yAdava saMbaMdhI hariprasAda zAstrI* zrImad bhAgavata purANamAM bhagavAnanI tathA temanA avatArAnI jemazeAgAthA gAvAmAM AvI che te rAjA parIkSitane zukadeve nirUpI che. AthI e purANanA upakramarUpa prathama skandhamAM parIkSitanu carita vigate AlekhavAmAM Avyu che te emAM parIkSitanA janmanA sa``mAM pAMDAnI uttaravasthA paNa niSAI che. uttarAnA udaramAM rahelA gA~nI rakSA karI tathA vIragati pAmelA svanene jalAMjali ApatA kurukulanA akSatAne sAMtvana ApI zrIkRSNe hastinApurathI dvArakA gayA (ma: 8-12). viduranI preraNAthI dhRtarASTra-gAMdhArIe himAlaya jaI agnipraveza karyA (a. 13). hastinApuramAM rAta yudhiSThire bhaya!krUra utpAta joyA te sAta mahinA thavA chatAM arjuna dvArakAthI pAchA pharyAM. nahiM tenI ciMtA te karatA hatA, tevAmAM arjuna tyAM AvI pAMcyA, paNu e ugnijatA hate. (a. 146, zlA 1-24). have yudhiSThira aju nane dvArakAmAM rahelA yahava sabadhIonI kuzaLatA pUchavA lAgyA. madhu, bhAjo, zArtA, sAtvatA, adhako ane vRSNuionI khAra* pUchatAM yudhiSThira aneka yAdava sabadhIoneMta yA kare che. pahelAM e mAtAmaha zUra tathA mAtula AnakaduMdubhine ane emanA anujone tathA sAta mAmIe je bahena hatI tene tathA teemanA putro ane putravadhUone saMbhAre che (zleA. 26-27), pachI pUche che, zu duSTa putravALA Ajuka ane emanA anuja jIve che? pachI dIka, emanA putra, krUra, jyaMta, gaDha ane sAraNanI khabara pUche che (zleA. 28). zatrujita (pAThAMtara : satyajita) Adi svajana tathA sAstvatAnA svAbhI rAmanI khabara pUche che. (zlA. ra9). vRSNuiomAM mahArathI pradyuna ane aniruddhanI kuzaLatA pUche che (zleA. 30). suSeNa, cAruESNu, jAMbavatInA putra sAMbha ane maAdi anya mukhya kANuM e (kRSNaputra) saputra, tathA zrutadeva uddhava Adi zaheranA anucara temaja sunada ane naMda tyAdi uttama sAvatA temaja rAma tathA kRSNanA Azrame rahelA sa de amane yAda kare che. ema pUche che (lA- 31-33). chelle yudhiSThira bhaktavatsala bhagavAna zrIkRSNanI khabarapUrNa che, je Anapura (dvArakA)mAM sutramAM sabhAmAM suddhA sAthe birAje che te yahukulamAM mana tana sAthe rahe che. jemanA rakSaNa nIce yajjue pAnAnI nagarImAM sukhe rahe che, jemanI caraNa sevaLI satmA ati seLa hunnaraH A dezane dula bha AziSa pAme che. te jemanA bAhubaLathI. yAdanA netAe nirbhayapaNe sudharmAM sabhAne caraNA vaDe vAre che (zleA. 34-38) chevaTe yudhiSThira arjunane enA isIpaNA kAmagR paNa pUche che (le. 39-44). rAjA yudhiSThiranI A praznAvalImAM je aneka yAdava sabadhIone nirdeza karAyeA che, te paikI ghaNA jaN yadukulamAM paricita che, jyAre bAkInA keTalAkanuM abhijJAna zASavuM muzkela che. ApaNe upara jaNAvela yAdava saba`dhIenA kramaza: vicAra karIe. mAtAmaha. zera vRSNikrulamAM thayA. .emanA putra vasudeva ne emanAM putrI pRthA urphe kuMtI. zrIkRSNanA e pitAmaha thAya; jemanA nAma parathI kRSNa 'zauri' kahevAyA. yudhiSThiranAM mAtA kuMtInA pitA, tethI e yudhiSThiranA mAtAmaha thAya. * nivRtta adhyakSa, bheA. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda pAMDavAnA yava saMbadhI For Private and Personal Use Only [a

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kuMtInA bhAI vasudeva te yudhiSThiranA mAmA thAya. zUrane vasudeva, devabhAga vagere dasa putra hatA. vAsudevanA janma samaye devAnAM Anaka-duMdubhi vAgelAM, tethI vasudeva 'Anaka-duMdubhi' tarIke ya oLakhAtA. vasudeva rAjA ugrasenanA eka maMtrI hatA. vasudevane aneka patnIe hatI. emAM kukura kulanA devakanI sAta putrIone samAveza thAya che. e sAtamAMnAM devakI e kRSNanAM mAtA thAya. vasudevanAM jyeSTha patnI rAhiNI balarAmanAM mAtA thAya. devakI vagere sAta baheneA te vasudevanI patnIo ane yudhiSThiranI mAmIe thAya. purANAmAM e sAteyanA putrAnAM nAma jaNAvyAM che. devakInI putravadhU te zrIkRSNanI ATha mukhya patnIo che. kukura kulamAM Ahuka nAme rAjA thayA. emane be putra hatA : ugrasena ane devaka. ugrasena mathurAnA rAjA thayA, emane duSTa putra kasa, jeneA kRSNe vadha karyAM. ugrasena pitAnA nAma parathI 'Ahuka' tarIke ya eLakhAtA. uthrasenanA anuja te devaka, devakI vagere sAta putrIenA pitA. kukuranA nAnA bhAI bhajamAnanA vaMzamAM hudIka thayA. emanA putrAmAM jyeSTha putra kRtavamAM suprasiddha che. bhArata yuddhamAM sAtyaki pAMDavapakSe ane kRtavarmAM durgaMdhanapakSe rahelA. kRtavarmA mahArathI hatA. bhAratayuddhamAM e bacI gayelA. emaNe pachI rAtriyuddhamAM bhAga lIdhelA. A apakRtya mATe prabhAsamAM khelAyelI yAdavAsthalImAM sAtyakie emanI niMdA karelI te mauzalayuddhamAM sAtyakie kRtavarmAnA vadha karele. A mausalayuddhanI tyAre yudhiSThirane jANa thaI naheAtI. ara phekanA putra hatA. e vRSNuikulanA yudhAjitanA kulamAM thayA. krUra yajJeA karatA te saMkhyAbaMdha dAna detA. syamantaka maNinA prasagamAM emaNe agrima bhAga bhajavelA. rAnna sa balarAma-kRSNane dhanurvAMga jovAnA bahAne mathurA teDI lAvavA akrUrane gAkuLa mAkalyA hatA. t vasudevane rAhiNIthI balarAma pachI sAraNa vagere putra thayelA je madonmatta yAdavakumAra dvArakAmAM je RSionA jJAnanI hAMsI uDAvavA gayelA temAM sAraNe agrima bhAga lIdheA hateA. bhAgavatanA tavama skaMdha pramANe rAhiNIne khala, ga, sAraN vagere putra hatA (a. 24. le. 46) temaja vasudevanI anya patnI devarakSitAne gada vagere nava putra hatA (zleA. para). vaLI zrIkRSNa 'gadAmraja' (gadanA agraja) tarIke oLakhAya che te parathI vasudeva-devakIne kRSNa pachI gada urphe gadveSaNu nAme putra thayA hovAnuM mAlUma paDe che, ahIM A traNamAMnA kayA gai abhipreta haze e nakkI karavuM muzkela che. game tema, gada ane sAraNu vasudevanA putra AvAnuM spaSTa thAya che, paraMtu e enI sAthe jaNAvela jaya'ta koNa haze? vasudevanI rAhiNI vagere 13 patnIenA je putra purANAmAM gaNAvyA che temAM 'jayaMta' nAmane kayAMya samAveza thate nathI. saMdarbha' parathI e gadda ane sAraNanI jema vasudevanA koI putra DAya evu` sabhave. zatrujita (pAThAMtare satyajita) paNu vasudevane putra heAya evuM lAge che paratu vasudevanA putronI yAdImAM evuM koI nAma dekhAtuM nathI. pachI jaNAvela rAma e spaSTata: balarAma che. e soMkaNa tarIke paNa oLakhAtA. e vasudevarAhiNInA putra hatA. bAlyAvasthAmAM naMdane tyAM zrIkRSNanI sAthe UryAM hatA te parAkramAmAM kRSNanA sAthI hatA. haLa ane musaLa emanAM priya Ayudha hatAM. emaNe bhIma tathA durmAMdhanane gadAyuddha zIkhavyuM hatuM. balarAmakuthasthalI(dvArakA)nA rAjA kInI raivatanI putrI raivatIne paraNyA hatA. 1. mahAbhArata mausalapa pramANe. bhAgavata A ghaTanA piMDArakamAM khanI hAvAnuM jaNAve che te emAM sAmba sivAya koI anya kumAranA nAma nirdeza karatu' nathI, [ sAmIpTa : eprila, '93-sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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balarAme jarAsaMdha, kRmI ane bANAsura sAthenA yuddhamAM kRSNane sakriya sAtha Apelo. paraMtu balarAmanuM valaNa duryodhana tarapha rahetu, ne kRSNanuM pAMDavo tarapha. AthI ghaNI vAra e nAjuka sthitimAM mukAtA. pariNAme bhAratayuddha samaye e tIrthayAtrA karavA jatA rahelA. balarAma anaMtazeSa)ne avatAra manAtA. pradyumna kRSNa-rukimaNInA jyeSTha putra hatA. e mahArathI hatA. e kAmadevane avatAra manAtA. e rUkamInI putrI zubhAMgIne paraNelA. emane putra aniruddha, bANAsuranI putrI uSAe aniruddhanuM apaharaNa karAvI potAnA aMta:puramAM enI sAthe gupta sahavAsa sAdhelo. bANAsurane enI jANa thatAM eNe anirahane bAMdhI dIdho. zrIkaLaze zoNitapura para AkramaNa karI bANAsurane parAbhava karyo ne e aniruddhane uSA (okhA) sAthe dvArakA laI AvyA. kRSNa-rukimaNInA anya putromAM cArudeNa, sudeNa vagere sAta putrono samAveza thAya che. Ama cArudeNa pradyumnanA sagA bhAI thatA. ahIM cArudeNanI sAthe suSeNano nirdeza karAyo che, paraMtu kharI rIte suSeNane badale sudeNa abhipreta lAge che. sAmba e kRSNa-jAmbavatIne putra che. e pahelethI tephAnI hate. sApe duryodhananI putrI lakSmaNAnuM apaharaNa karavA prayatna karelo, paNa kauravoe sAbane keda karyo. Akhare balarAme duryodhanane samajAvyo ne duryodhane potAnI putrI sAbane paraNAvI. yAdavakumAre RSionI majAka karavA gayA tyAre teoe sAbane garbhavatI strIne svAMga sajAvyo hato. kALuiM eTale kRSNanA putra. mukhya kArkhiomAM pradyumna, suSeNa, cArudeNa ane sAmba uparAMta kaSabha Adi anya kALuiM jaNAvyA che, temAM RSabha koNa? zrIkRSNanI ATha mukhya patnInA je putra purANomAM gaNAvyA che temAM "RSabha' nAmano samAveza thato nathI, bhAgavata purANa (10, 61, 7-17)mAM paNa nahi. - zaurinA anucaromAM zrutadeva ane uddhava mukhya hevAnuM jaNAvyuM che, temAM mRtadeva koNa haze? uddhava vasudevanA anuja devabhAganA putra hatA. vRSNuiomAM e nItiza gaNutA. aMdhaka-vRSNuionA e eka prasiddha maMtrI hatA. mathurAthI kRSNa naMdayazodAne temaja gopIone sAMtvana ApavA uddhavane vrajamAM mokalyA hatA. mosala yuddhanI ghaTanA pahelAM teo svarge sidhAvyA hatA. sAtvatomAM sunaMda-naMdane mukhya kahyA che. e koNa haze? kRSNane 'ananta-sakhA" kathA che, temAM spaSTata: balarAmanA sAthI evu abhipreta che. satyA vagere 16 hajAra strIo kRSNanA saMdarbhamAM jaNAvI che, temAM kharI rIte 16 hajAra strIo te narakAsuranA kArAgAramAM mukta karelI ne kRSNane varelI kanyAo che. kaI jagAe teonI saMkhyA 16,100 hevAnuM jaNAvyu che. A patnIomAM nAma kyAMya gaNAvyAM nathI. teomAM satyA mukhya heya evuM ple. 37 nI bIjI paMkti parathI lAge, paraMtu satyA e 16 hajAra strIo uparAMtanI mukhya ATha patnIomAMnI eka hoya e vadhu saMbhavita che. e AThamAM satyA nAgnajitI hatI, je gaMdhAra dezanA rAjA nagnajitanI putrI hatI. paraMtu e ADamAM rukimaNI pachI satyabhAmAM agrima sthAna dharAve che. e vRSi kulanA satrAjitanI putrI hatI. zrIkRSNa narakAsurane vadha karavA satyabhAmA sAthe prAjyotiSapura gayA hatA ne tyAM kRSNane A 16 hajAra kanyAo varI hatI e jotAM ahIM jaNAvelI satyA te satyA nAgnajitI karatAM satyabhAmAM sAtrAjitI hoya e vadhAre saMbhavita che. pAMDavonA yAdava saMbaMdhIomAM sahuthI mahattvanuM sthAna dharAvatA zrIkRSNa vAsudevanI khabara yuSiThira cheka chevaTamAM pUche che, paraMtu pUche che tyAre emanI yazogAthA vigate gAya che. vaLI e pahelAM paNa kRSNane tathA kALuione nirdeza kare che. pAMDavonA yAdava saMbaMdhIo ] For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #13
bhAratIya mUrtiparaMparAnA AkAra-graMtha pravINacaMdra parIkha prAcIna bhAratIya zilpakalAnA viSaya para dhArmika ane sAmAjika evA be prakAra benAma pAke che. dhArmika prakAranAM zipamAM bahANa, bauddha tema ja jena e traNeya dharmone lagatA vika vyA che. emAM mukhyatve devI-devatAo ane lokadharmane lagatAM zipa sahita paurANika kathAnaka tema ja zi95 pratIke daSTigocara thAya che. sAmAjika zilpomAM bALakanAM ramakaDAM, alaMkaraNAtmaka maMkane, samAjamAM pracalita rIta-rivAjo, utsavo, sajAo ane temane lagatI ghaTanAonuM pratibiMba najare paDe che. vastutaH prAcIna bhAratIya zilpakalAnA abhyAsathI tatkAlIna sAmAjika jIvana temaja sAMskRtika itihAsanA AlekhanamAM ghaNI sahAyatA sAMpaDe che: - bhAratIya zilpa-sAhityamAM alaMkaraNAtmaka zipanI apekSAe matizilpane sparzatuM vivecana ane nirUpaNa vizeSa najare paDe che. pratimAone lagatA ulalekha cheka vaidika sAhityathI prApta thavA lAge che. RdamAM IMdra, varuNa, sUrya, rudra vagere mukhya devone ulalekha che paNa vedakAla ke uttara kAlanI pratimAo upalabdha nahi hovAthI vaidika devI-devatAnA pratimA vidhAna vize kaMI nizcitapaNe kahI zakAtuM nathI. tema chatAM ehyuM te noMdhapAtra avazya che ke uttara vaidika sAhityamAM vizvakarmAne devatAonA zipI batAvavAmAM AvyA che. teo e samaye uttara bhAratamAM pracalita zi95 temaja sthApatya praNAlInA AcArya hAya. bIjI bAju dakSiNa bhAratamAM pracalita zilpaparaMparAnA AcAryana sthAna "maya' ne prApta thayAnuM jaNAya che. AcArya maye dakSiNamAM zilpa-sthApatyanI svataMtra zailIne vikAsa karyo hato. brAhmaNa, graMtha temaja sUtra graMthamAM sthApatyane lagatAM vaNane maLe che, paNa temAM mUrtividhAnane lagatA ulalekha javalle ja maLe che. rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhAratamAM devAla, mahela, duge ane nagaranI, vAstuklAnuM prara vivaraNa prApta thAya che. emAM paNa kramaza: vizvakarmA ane mayane devatAo ane dhAnanA zipI tarIke oLakhAvAyA che. devatAone je jagyAe sthApita karavAmAM AvatA tene mAri, devAyatana, devAlaya vagere nAma apAyAM hatAM. e parathI jaNAya che ke vividha de,. jevA ke, Ika, yama, varANa, mera, brahmA vagerenI mUtio banI haze. rAmAyaNanA kiSki-dhAkAMDa (adhyAya 51), mAM brahmA pAsethI maye kevI rIte vAstuvidyA grahaNa karI tenuM savistara varNana che. pratimA-nimaNane lagatA ahityanI mukhya pAMca dhArAe. jovAmAM Ave che. purANa, Acama, tatra, zilpazAstra ane pratiSThA paddhati. bhAratIya zilpakalA ane mUrti racanAnuM mukhya kAraNa paurANika dharmane pracAra-prasAra hatuM. A ja kAraNane laIne bhAratamAM bhavya prAsAdo, vimAne, caityagRha, vihAra, tIrthasthAne ane jaLAzaya vage nirmANa thayuM. A vAstuvaibhavanA mULamAM pratimA-nirmANanI addabhuta paraMparA ane uparyApta sAhityika dhArAe u5rAMta tika jevA avAstuzAstrIya graMthamAM paNa vAstanirmANanI sAthosAtha mA-vidhAnanAM prakarAne sthAna maLyu hatu. varAhamihirekRta bRhatasaMhitA AnuM zreSTha udAhaSNu che. * niyAmaka, je. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda-9 [ sAmIpya : eprila, '97-sapTe1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #14
surANa ane Agama sAhitya Ama te dhaNu karIne badhAM purANAmAM devamUrti nirmANane lagatI pracUra sAmagrI hoya che, paraMtu matsya, viSNu, liMga, agni, garuDa, sku ane bhaviSya purANamAM ane vizeSe karIne viSNumai ttara purANamAM pratimAvidhAnane lagatAM vistRta temaja vizada vivaraNa prApta thAya che. matsya purANumAM lagabhaga 10 adhyAyeA (adhyAya 251, 25-267)mAM vividha devatAonI pratimAnAM lakSazA nirUpAyAM che. AmAM adhyAya 267mAM varNita pratimA-mAna (pratimAnI sApa)ne lagatuM prakaraNa adbhuta che. zaiva pratimAmAM liMgabhUtie ane Agama-prasiddha liMgAEva mUrtie tema ja zivanI pratimAe jevI ke, anArIzvara vagerenuM vaNCna apAyuM che. mahiSAsura mardinI, indra-indrANI vagerenI pratimAonuM vana temaja temanAM tAlamAna paNa apAyAM che. matsyapurANumAM vAstuvidyAnA aDhAra praNetAomAM bhRgu, agni, vaziSTha, vizvakarmA, maya, nArada, agnijit, vizAlAkSa, puraMdara, brahmA, kumAra, naMdIza, zaunaka, gaga`, vAsudeva, aniruddha, zukra ane khruhaspatimAM gaNunA karavAmAM AvI che agnipurANamAM mUtividhAnanI carcA kula 16 adhyAyeA (adhyAya 41-46,49-55; 60-62)mAM vistArathI karavAmAM AvI che. emAM vAsudeva, dazAvatAra, sUrya, catuSTi yoginI, lakSmI vagerene lagatAM vadhu nA maLe che. te uparAMta A purANumAM pratimAonA pAyane lagatA adhyAya paNu apAye che je enI khIjI mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA che. AmAM 24 prakAranAM zAligrAma ane 0 prakAranAM li...gAnu` bahu na paNa rAcaka che. viSNudharmAMttara purANanA trIjA khaMDanA aMtima 42 adhyAyeAmAM mUrti kalA para zAstrIya vivecana pAyuM che. AmAM devI-devatAo, dikpAla, nAga, yakSa, gadhava, navagraha, sUrya tathA mUrti rUpe je upAsya nathI evA veda, zAstra, purANa, itisAsa vageremAM varNita dezanI pratimAonuM paNa vadhuna javAmAM Avyu` che. skaMdapurANunA mAhezvara khaMDa (adhyAya 45, 47, 48)mAM smRtividhAna ane AligrAmanAM kSA paNa nirUpAyAM che. garuDapurANuM paNa zAligrAmanA prakArAnuM vistArathI varNana kare che. bhaviSyapurANu (adhyAya 12, 131, 132)mAM pratimA-lakSaNa, pratimA-padArtha, pratimA-mAna vagere viSaye pura prakAza pADavAmAM Avye che. varAhamihiranI bRhatsaMhitA (adhyAya 18-60, 69)nI apurANa tarIke gaNanA thAya che. emAM prattimAlakSaNa ane pratimA-nirmANa mATe Avazyaka sAmagrI, pratimAvidhi temaja paca makkApuruSanAM lakSaNu (adhyAya pa-60, 66) ane vajralepanavidhi (adhyAya 5-7) vagerenu varNana che. daData, phATelI ke bhagna pratimAeMne sAMdhavAnI ke vidhi vajralepanavidhimAM nirUpavAmAM AvI che. Agama graMthAmAM pratimAvidhAnane lagatI sAmagrI pracUra mAtrAmAM vaSTita che. purAtanI sarjAyA 18 che ane Agama 28 che. upapurANeAnI jema upAgama paNa che ane temanI saMkhyA te 2000 karatAM pazu dhAre che. Ane laIne AgamAmAM vAstu ane pratimAzAstrane lagatI sAmagrInu sAMcApAMga vana zrApta thAya che. keTalAMka AgameAmAM vAstuzAstrIya vivaraNa eTalu tA vipula pramAsUmAM maLe che ke temane vAstunA zrathA tarIke ja oLakhavAmAM Ave che. dA. ta. kAtrikAgama, kArAma, suprabhedAnasa, vaikhAnasAgama, a'zumadvetAgama vagere A dRSTie vizeSa ullekhanIya che. mAgamanI vizeSatA e che bhAratIya smRti para parAnA AdhAra-graMtha ] [.11 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #15
ke emAM zivanI liMgobhava mUrtionuM sAMgopAMga varNana maLe che. sAthosAtha temanA tAlamAnanuM paNa vivecana thayuM che. AvI smatA purANamAM dRSTigocara thatI nathI. AthI mUti kalAnA mahattvapUrNa siddhAtinuM varNana jevuM Agama graMthomAM maLe che tevuM purANamAM maLatuM nathI. AgamomAM dakSiNa bhAratanI pASANu temaja dhAtu zilponI kalAnuM pUrNa pratibiMba prApta thAya che. kAmikAgamamAM mUtividhAnane lagatA adhyAya (adhyAya 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 74)mAM liMganAM lakSaNa, pratimA-lakSaNa, devasthApanavidhi, pratimA-pratiSThA ane deva-parivAranuM sthApana vagerenI carcA che. kAraNAgamanA prathama bhAga(adhyAya 9, 11, 12, 14, 62)mAM liMga ane mUrtine lagatuM tAlamAna sahitanuM varNana maLe che. jyAre bIjA bhAga(adhyAya 12, 21)mAM liMgazuddhi ane sthApanavidhinI carcA maLe che. vaikhAnasa Agama (paTala-22)mAM pratimAlakSaguno svataMtra adhyAya apAve che. evI rIte suprabhedAgamamAM paNa mUtividhAnane lagatA cAra adhyAya (33, 34, 36 ane 40) apAyA che. taMtra-graMtha zaiva taMtrane Agama ane vaiSNava tane paMcarAtrane nAme oLakhavAmAM Ave che. AmAM je zAkta, zaiva ane vaiSNava deva-pratimAonA mUtividhAnanI carcA, ane khAsa karIne je tAMtrika AcAre tathA pUjApaddhatine AdhAre-bhUtividhAnanI carcA thaI che te matizAstranI daSTie ati mahatvapUrNa che. lagabhaga 25 taMtra graMthomAM devamUrti onAM rUpa-vidhAna (svarU5) temaja pratimAgata vizada rahasyonuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. A badhAmAM 'hayagrIva paMcarAtra' nAmanuM taMtra graMtha sarvottama che. "mahAnirvANa taMtramAM pratimA, liMga, bhagnamUrti-sadhi, pratimA-padArtha vagerenuM varNana maLe che. Agama-graMtha taMtravidyAnI mahattvanI zAkhA che. emAM taMtrokta paddhatie pUjana ane arcananI vidhio batAvI che. AmAM brahmayAmala, vidyAmala ane rudrayAmalAnAM mUrtividhAnamAM alaga alaga saMpradAyanI mUti enuM varNana prApta thAya che ( purANa, Agama ane taMtra graMtho uparAMta keTalAya zAstrIya graMthomAM mUtividhAnane lagatAM varNana maLe che. AmAM koTicakRta arthazAstra ullekhanIya che. emAM vAstune lagatI sAmagrIno ullekha karatI vakhate nagaranI madhyamAM mukhya mArgo para devakula ke devatAyatananuM nirmANa karI emAM aparAjita, "ta, ziva, vaizravaNa, azvina temaja zrIdevInAM sthAnake sthApavAno Adeza karavAmAM Avyo che. ethI jaNAya che ke te samaye A devadevatAonI mUtio banatI hatI. zilpazAstranA graMtha bhAratamAM zilpazAstranI be paraMparAo che: uttarI athavA nAgarI ane dakSiNI athavA draviDa. nAgarI athavA nAgara zailInA vAstupraNetA vizvakama manAya che. nAgara zailInA graMthamAM vizvakamAMvAstuzAstra' (vizvakarmA-prakAza), bhojadevakRta "samarAMgaNa sutradhAra,' ane bhuvanadevakRta "aparAjita- pRcchA' mahattvanA che. : draviDa zailInA vAstumrathanA racayitA "maya' manAya che. draviThI zailIne mukhya graMtha "mAnasAra' che. agatya racita "sakalAdhikAra,' kazyapane "aMzumabedAgama, mayakata "mayamata', zrIkumAra zisparatna' vagere paNa draviDI zailInA mahattvapUrNa graMtha che. mAnasAranA kula 70 adhyAya paikInA 50 adhyAya vAstukalAne lagatA ane 20 adhyAya mUti kalAne lagatA che. emAM hiMdu mati kalA uparAMta jena ane bauddha mUrtividhAnanuM paNa varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. agatyakRta sakalAdhikAramAM mAtra 12 ] [sAmIpya : eprila, '97-sapTe., 1997 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #16
zaiva pratimAonuM ja varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. kAzyapane "aMzumabhedAgama" dhaNe vistRta graMtha che. ene 86 adhyAyamAM prAraMbhamAM 45 ane aMtima bemAM vAstu aMge ane bAkInA 39 adhyAyomAM pratimAvidhAnanuM vigata pracura varNana che. "mayamata'mAM mUrti zAstrane lagatA cAra adhyAya apAyA che. AcArya vizvakarmAne racela manAto graMtha "vizvakarmA-prakAza" nAgara zailIne prAcIna graMtha manAya che. emAM 17 adhyAya pratimA vidhAnane lagatA che. emAM lakSmI vagere aSTa devIonI mUrtionI racanA temaja temanI vyavasthA ane brahmAdi mUrtionAM svarUpanuM suMdara vivecana apAyuM che. samarAMgabhusatradhAra'mAM paNa keTalAya adhyAyomAM mUtividhAna nirUpAyuM che. uttarI zailInA graMthamAM bhuvanadevakRta "aparAjitapura chA" vAstuzAstrane temaja pratimA vijJAnane eka apratima graMtha che. AmAM mUrtivijJAnane lagatA svataMtra adhyAyo apAyA che jemAM saMpUrNa mUrtividhAnanuM nirUpaNa hoI tulanAtmaka adhyayana mATe A graMtha ati mahattva che. AmAM liMga, ziva, vibaNu, brahmA, sUrya, gaNapati, devI, paMcAyatanuM temaja jaina paraMparAne lagatI mUrtionA aneka prakAranuM matizAstrIya vizleSaNa prastuta thayuM che. A uparAMta zilpazAstrane anya noMdhapAtra graMthamAM "pAMcarAtra-dIpikA, catuM vargaciMtAmaNi, mati-dhyAna, mati-lakSaNa, lakSaNa-samuccaya, devatAzi85, 25maMDana, taMtrasAra, vizvakarmAvatAra, pAvatAra, jJAnaratnakeza, zi85sAra, zilparatna, kSIrAva, dIpAva vagerenAM prakaraNe ke svataMtra graMtha ullekhanIya che. zukranIti, zAradA tilaka, nirNaya-siMdhu, dharma-sidhu, maMtra-mahArNava, maMtra-ratnAkara, meru-taMtra, zrItattvanidhi, pUjA-paddhatio ane pratiSThA vidhio vagere aneka dhArmika graMthomAM paNa mUrtividhAnanI carcA che. AmAM 'IzAna-guru-devapaddhati' ane harivilAsa, abhiSitAtha ciMtAmaNi (mAnasolAsa), kRSNAnaMda tatrasAra, vagere graMtho paNa pratimavidhAnane lagatI keTalIka viziSTa sAmagrI dharAve che. bauddha dharmamAM pratimA vidhAnane lagatA keTalAka svataMtra graMtho lakhAyA che. 'citralakSaNa' nAmanA graMthamAM bauddha devI-devatAonAM citro paratve zAstrIya rU5vidhAna nirUpAyuM che. A graMthanI mULa prata aprApya che paNa tene tibbatI bhASAne ane te parathI jarmana bhASAmAM thayela anuvAda pragaTa thayA che. e parathI aneka navIna to jANamAM AvyAM che. "tArA-lakSaNa" nAmanA graMthamAM tArA tema ja anya devIonuM varNana thayuM che. buddhanI mUrtine upakramamAM tibbatI bhASAmAM "dazatAlanyagrodha-pari. maMDala-muddha-pratimA-lakSaNa" graMtha lakhAya che. bauddha pratimA vidhAna mATe "sAdhanamAlA' sarvAdhika prasiddha che. Ama te A bauddha tAMtrika graMtha che, paNa emAM devatAone prasanna karavAnI vidhi maMtroccAra tema ja keTalIka tAMtrika kriyAonuM nirUpaNa karatA 312 sAdhane nirUpAyAM che temAM je te devatAnuM mUrtividhAna paNa nirUpyuM che. bibumAna ane buddha-pratimA lakSaNanuM nirUpaNa karatA A prakAranA bIjA graMtha paNa upalabdha che, je bauddha mUrtikalAmAM dekhA detAM svarUpa-bhedane samajavA mATe upayogI che. jaina dhamane lagatI pratimAonA vidhAna-paratve uparokta ghaNu graMthomAM svataMtra adhyAyo apAyA che. vAstusAramAM bIju prakaraNa saMpUrNapaNe jene mUrtividhAnane Avare che, jyAre prakaraNa trIjAmAM jina-prAsAdanA saMdarbhamAM mUrtividhAna ane pratiSThAne lagatI ghaNI jhINI jhINI vigate cacI che. "aparAjitaychA'nA 221 mA adhyAyamAM jaina mUrtividhAnanuM nirUpaNa che. nirvANa-kalikA ane pratiSThAsArodvAra baMne pUrNataH jana pratividhAnane lagatA graMtha che, jemAM enI vizada chaNAvaTa thaI che. rUpamaMDanano chaThTho adhyAya jena mUrti lakSaNone sparze che. A uparAMta rUpAvatAra', "AcAra dinakara', ane lokaprakAza' jevA graMtho paNa jaina pratimAvidhAnanA abhyAsa mATe upayogI che. bhAratIya mUrti paraMparAnA AdhAra-maMtha] [13 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #17
prAcIna maharSionuM dhUmaketudarzana - - -- mukuMda lAlajI joDe prAstAvika dhUmaketu zamekaranuM julAI-94mAM guru graha upara AkramaNa thayuM. A prasaMgane aneka vaijJAnike e Adhunika upakaraNonI madadathI khUba ja sUkSmatA ane AturatAthI nirIkSaNa karyuM. ene AkAra, svarUpa, kada ane enAthI uddabhavatA bhAvi pariNAmo aMgenA vicAro thaI rahyA che. koI paNa prakAranA bAhya upakaraNonI sahAyatA vagara ApaNA prAcIna maharSioe paNa aneka dhUmaketuonA vaNane karyA che. gaI, parAzara, asitadevala ane varAhamihira jevAM prAcIna maharSioe AvA asaMkhya dhUmaketuonA svarUpa, AkAra, raMga, hiMsA ane bhAvi asaronuM sukSmatAthI varNana kareluM che. e aMgeno vicAra prastuta saMgemAM karo, agatyanuM lAge che. A mahaSionA dhUkti aMgenA vicAramaMtaLyA ahIM rajU karavAnA prayatana kayI che, je rasaprada ane prastuta - samaya khUba ja upayogI nIvaDaze. vaidika vAtumayamAM dhUmaketu zabdanA ullekha maLe che. atharvavedamAM (18.1.30 ane 1998.14) mAM "phane mRtyu :" vageremAM dhUmaketu zabdano prayoga jovA maLe che. bAda (8.4,banne zukala yajurveda (33.2)mAM paNa 'aa pUmata" evA prakArane zabdaprayoga jovA maLe che. paNa dhUmaktanA kharA vargane to garga, parAzarAdi RSioe ja khAsa karIne vistArapUrvaka ApatAM hovAthI emanA mata kramaza: saMkSipta rIte joIe. gaga : khuba ja prAcIna saMhitAkAra enA mULa graMtha maLato nathI. varAhamihira ene ulekha kare che. enA vicArene AdhAra varAhamihire lIdhe che (mR. sa. 77-7). garga RSinA dhumaketunA varNanane varAhamihire mahatva ApeluM che. varAhamihiranI jema devalaSie paNa gagano ulekha karI, mRtyuthI utpanna thatA cAra prakAranA dhUmaketuonuM varNana prastuta karyuM che (addabhUta pR. 152). jenAthI siddha thAya che ke varAhamihira ane devalathI paNa gaga prAcIna hatA. emanA vicArone AdhAra bIjaoe lIdhe che. gagane samaya lagabhaga I. pUrve 50 ne mAnavAmAM Ave che gaga maharSie sauthI vadhu eTale 1000 jeTalAM dhUmaketuo hovAnuM varNana kareluM che. A emanA vicArane ulekha varAhamihire "Tsamare vanita nAgu' (bRhatsaMhitA a. 11.5) A zlokamAM karyo che. dhumaketunI amara vize gaganuM maMtavya evuM che, ke jeTalAM divasa e dekhAya che. eTalA mahinAo sudhI enI asara rahe che. temaja jeTalA mahinAomAM e dekhAya che, eTalAM varSo sudhI enI zubhAzubha prakAranI asara rahe che. mahatvanI vAta to e che ke e dekhAyAnA 45 * prAmya vidyAmaMdira, ma. sa. vizvavidyAlaya, vaDodarA 14] sAmIpya : eprila, '93 sapTe, 19taea For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #18
divasa pachI ja enI asara dekhAvA mAMDe che. gaga maharSie kiraNa, agniputra, mRtyucuta, bhUsuta, zaziputra, brahmadaMDa, visarSaka, kanaka, vika, taraskara, kIMkuma, kIlaka, vizvarUpa, aruNa, gaNaka, brahmaja, vA, kabadha, vidikaputra evAM vividha nAmanA kula 1000 dhUmaketuonA svarU5, saMkhyA ane enI. no vicAra prastuta karyo che. varAhamihira garganA prastuta vicAronuM ja lagabhaga saMkalana, pitAnI bRhasaMhitAmAM kareluM hovAthI banenAM varNanomAM khUba ja sAmya che. kevaLa nAmamAM amuka htNe pharaka che. varNana ane asara aMgenuM vivecana paNa lagabhaga sarakhuM che. dhUmaketuomAMthI keTalAka zuddha saphaTika jevA, motInI mALA jevA, sonA jevA pItavarNa, te keTalAka khUba ja tejasvI, kALA, raMganA ema aneka raMgomAM temaja judI judI dizAomAM jovA maLe che. emanA AkAra paNa, jula jala prakAranA varNavyA che. emAMthI khUba ja ochA evA che ke je zubha phala ApanArA dhelA che. bAkI aneka evA che je, rAjA ane prajA mATe aniSTakAraka ane bhayaprada hovAnuM hAthAvavAmAM AvyuM che. parAzara : potAnA purogAmI tarIke varAhamihira parAzarano ullekha kare che. varAhamihire pote parAzaranA matene AdhAre potAnAM varNana mATe karyo che (bu. saM. 11/1). parAzaranA mata pramANe 101 prakAranA dhUmaketuo hoya che. 16 mRtyuthI utpanna, 12 sUryaja, 10 raudrakopaja, 7 paitAmaha ja, 15 uddAlakasuta, 17 marIci ane kazyapasaMbhava, 5 prajApatinA hAsyathI, 3 agnithI, eka dhUmathI, 14 samaja, eka brahmakepathI ema 101 prakAranA dhUmaketuo thAya che. parAzaranuM dhUmaketuvarNama sUtramaya gALA bhAgamAM maLe che. AvAM sUtramaya uddharaNomAM julajudA dhUmaketuo keTalAM varSo pachI pharI pharI Ama che enuM khUba ja rasaprada ane upayukata varNana maLe che. sAketu 3000 varSamAM ekavAra dekhA che; temaja kapAlaketu kevaLa 2500 varSo pachI ja dekhAya che, jene phaLasvarUpa parAzarastA mata pramANe durbhikSa, anAvRSTi, vyAdhi, bhaya, maraNa vagere upadravo thAya che. kaliketu 309 varSa pachI, calatu 1500 varSa pachI, uddAlaka zvetaketu 110 varSa pachI, kAzyapa zvetaketu 1500 varSa pachI, ramiketa 10 varSa pachI dekhAya che, ema parAzara maharSie emanA pharI dekhAvAne samayane paNa bideza karyo che. keTalAkane samaya, sthAna, rUpa, vaNa vagere nizcita hotA nathI. maNiketu, jalaketu. bhavaketu, padma, Avataketu, saMvatA vagere dhUmaketuonA vistRta varNane parAzaranA upalabdha sUtromAM jovA maLe che. pahelAM lakhyuM che, tema varAhamihire parAzaranA matane upayoga, temaja samAveza pistAnA graMtha bRhatsaMhitA(a. 11)mAM karyo che. vala: varAhamihira, jemane potAnA prathamAM khUba ja AdaraNIya sthAna ApI, emanA matane, ullekha karI. emanA vicArone potAnA graMthamAM samAviSTa karyA che, evA maharSiomAM asitadevala athavA devala e eka mahAna prAcIna saMhitAkAra hatA (mR. saM. 11/1). e varAhamihiranA pUrvakALanA paNa gaganA pachInA samayamAM thayA hatAM. kAraNa devale pite gagamunine ulekha karyo che (A sA. pU. 15). talane paNa alagraMtha upalabdha nathI. jyotiSanA prAcIna graMthamAM enA aneka loko maLe che. varAhamihire bRhatsaMhitAmAM anekavAra devalanA vicAro prastuta karyA che.' dhUmaketuonI saMkhyA aMge maharSiomAM ekamata nathI. devalanA mata pramANe kRttikAthI mAMDI traNe, traNa kula 27 nakSatramAM, badhA maLI kula 108 praznAranA dhUmaketuo dekhAya che. emAMthI keTalAka sArI asara karanArA, te dhaNA badhA du&i ativRSTi, anAvRSTi, prajI ane sajAne bhaya utpanna karanArA evA gaNAvelA che. prAcIna maharienuM dhUmaketuna]. For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #19
vale jI jadI dizA ane jadAM judAM nakSatromAM dekhAtA dhUmaketuo varNavyA che. 15 Aneya, 21 raudra, 10 uddAlakita, 14 kAzyapeya, 4 mRtyusaMbhava, bIjA keTalAka semasaMbhava, 25 mAheya, 3 vAruNa, 1 yamaputra ema 108 prakAranA dhUmaketuo ane emanA dekhAvAthI thatI asaronI carcA karI che. paNa badhuM varNana parAzara ane varAhamihiranA varNanethI keTaluMka juduM lAge che. varAhamihira : varAhamihiranI bahAsaMhitA e eka jyotiSazAstrano sauthI prAcIna upalabdha saMhitAgraMtha che. garga, parAzara, asitadevala, nArada vagere enA pUrvasUrio hovA chatAM kevaLa varAhamihirane ja graMtha Aje upalabdha che. A badhA pUrvasUrionA graMthane AdhAra varAhamihira potAnA graMtha mATe karyo che. varAhamihirane rAmaya lagabhaga chaThThI sadIne pUvabhAga mAnavAmAM Ave che. bRhatsaMhitAnA agiyAramA adhyAyamAM kula bAsaTha (62) zlokamAM varAhamihire dhumaketu aMgenI vistRta carcA karI che. prAraMbhamAM (11/1) teo pote kahe che ke gagana, parAzara, asitadevala ane anya aneka RSionAM varNana joIne pachI huM A dhUmaketu vizenuM vivecana karuM chuM. varAhamihiranA vaNanemAM khAsa karIne gaga ane parAzaranA vicArone khUba ja prabhAva jovA maLe che. varAhamihira pote kahe che (1/5) dhUmaketuonI saMkhyA aMge koI ekamata nathI. keTalAka draSio 101, te keTalAkanA mate 1000 dhUmaketuo thAya che. nAradaRSinA mata pramANe eka ja dhUmaketu aneka rUpimAM bhAsamAna thAya che. AnA pachInuM bRhatsaMhitAmAM AvatuM 1000 dhUmaketuonuM varNana lagabhaga gagaSinA varNananI sAthe maLe che. dareka dhUmaketunA AkAramAna, raMga, kaI dizAmAM dekhAya che te ane enI sArI ane kharAba asara ema badhAnuM sUkSmatAthI varNana karyuM che. tyAra pachI amuka nakSatromAM dhUmaketu dekhAvAthI kayA dezanA rAjAne bhaya hoya che, enI paNa vistRta carcA karI che. adabhutasAgara varAhamihiranA pachInA samayamAM bRhatsaMhitAnI utpalanI TIkA uparAMta abrutasAgara nAmaka graMthamAM balAlasena nAmaka enA kartAe prastuta graMthanA ketu-adbhuta-Avata nAmanA khUba ja moTA prakaraNamAM uparokta RSio kAzyapa saMhitA, bhArgava hitA, samAsa sahitA, Atharvamuni vagerenAM uhAra ApI, judA judA prakAranA dhUmaketuonI jhINavaTa bharI carcA 55 pAnAM bharIne mUla zloka TAMkIne karelI che. garga, parAzara, varAhamihira vageree ApelAM judA judA dhUmaketunAM varNana para zloke TAMkIne aMte emanA ja mate enI asara varNavI che ane aMte dhUmaketunA nathI thatI ADaasara dUra karavA keTalAka zAMtikama vagerenAM vidhAno ApyAM che. dhUmaketu zumekara ane maharSionA vidhAna atyAre je zamekara dhUmaketu dekhAyo, te gurugraha upara AkramaNa karatA dekhAya. guru hAlamAM tulA rAzimAM hoI, A AkramaNa thayuM tyAre e 11 aMzamAM eTale ke svAti nakSatramAM hato. eTale A dhUmaketu 5Na svAti nakSatramAM dekhAya, ema mAnI zakAya. ApaNA maharSio-ga, varAhamihira vageree dhUmaketunI asara aMge spaSTa kaheluM che ke, jeTalA divasa sudhI dhUmaketu dekhAya che, eTalAM varSo sudhI enI asaro rahyA kare che. eTale prastuta 16] [ sAmIpya H eprila, 9-sapTe. 19a For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #20
dhUmatu lagabhaga bADa divasa dekhAyuM hovAthI lagabhaga ATha varSa sudhI enI asara raheze. temaja prAcIna maharSionA kahevA mujaba A asarano anubhava dhUmaketunA dekhAyA pachI 45 divasa pachI thavA lAge che. atyArano dhumaketa svAti nakSatramAM dekhAya che ema mAnIe, te varAhamihirane kahevA mujaba jyAre svAti nakSatramAM dhUmaketu dekhAya che tyAre kAzmIra ane kAja (aphaghAnistAnane bhAga)nA rAjAo mATe e bhayajanaka hoya che (bu sa. 117). asita devalanA mata pramANe (a. sA. 152) dhUmaketu jyAre svAti, vizAkhA ane anurAdhAmAM dekhAya che, tyAre maga maharSie jaNAvyA mujaba ja vividha prakArane bhaya utpanna thAya che. dubhikSa, samUha maraNarUpa ghora anartha, bhayaMkara anAvRSTi ane paMcamahAbhUtone bhayaMkara upadrava eTale ke khUba ja varSA, taDako, ThaMDI vagere thAya che. upasaMhAra Ama uparanA vivecana parathI spaSTa thaze ke AjathI 2000 varSa pahelAM paNa maharSiene dhUmakata aMge kaDala hatuM, enA vize vistRta varNana ApI, asaro ane pharI dekhAvAnA samaya aMga paNa vicAra karyo hato. Aje je kAma ApaNe aneka Adhunika sAdhanonI madadathI karI rahyA che e, tevA ja prakAranuM saMzodhananuM kAma kevaLa sAdhanavihIne narI AMkhethI nirIkSaNa karI spaSTa varNano ApyAM che, je Aje paNa upayukta thaI zake che. prAcIna maharSienuM khagoLa vijJAna viSayaka adhyayana ane darzana, temaja Adhunika vijJAnikenuM saMzodhana e baMnenuM tulanAtmaka adhyayana upayogI nIvaDaze. mahaSionI ArSadRSTinI kalpanA karavI paNa kaThina che. emane karoDo vaMdana. pATI 1, sudhAkara dvivedI (saM.), bRhatasaMhitA varAhamihirakata (bu. saM.) bhadotpala vyAkhyAo sAthe, banArasa, 1893, 7/15-16, 1/1, 9/1, 23/4, 86/1, pR. 148 thI 2012 2. muralIdhara jhA balAlasenata abhutasAgara (a. sA.), banArasa, 1905, pR. 148 thI 202 prAcIna mahaSirAnuM dhUmaketudarzana ] [ 17, For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #21
masyapurANa ane kumArasaMbhavanuM sthAtattva rameza su. beTAI* saMskRta mahAkAvyanI vyAkhyA ApatAM "kAvyAdarza 'kAra daDI kahe che tema mahAkAvyanuM varatu itihAsamAMthI maLela ke ke I mahApuruSanA mahAna jIvana para AdhAra rAkhanAruM hoya che. hRtihArajomUtamita kAzrayam. enAthI pahelAMnI 'agnipurANu'nI vyAkhyA kahe che te A ja pramANe che ane sAhityadarpaNa" kAra vizvanAtha paNa kRtihAsamavaM vRttAnyadrA sajhanAzrayam ema kahIne A ja matane puSTi Ape che. aitihAsika ane vIragAthAkAvyanI eka mahAna purAtana paraMparAnA chellA avazeSasamAM rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhArata vastu ane svarUpa ubhayanI daSTie pAchaLanA mahAkAvyane namUnArUpa banelAM che, aneka amarakathAo paNa pUrI pADe che. A kAraNe paNa mahAkAvyanI vyAkhyAmAM upayukta lakSaNa AvyuM hoI zake. vaLI saMskRtamAM kAvyanA keI paNa svarUpamAM maulikatA kavikalpita vastu karatAM vadhu jUnA vastunA kavinI udAtta pratibhAe karelA navA saMskaraNamAM manAI che. aMgrejI sAhityanA mahAkavi zekasapiyaranI mAphaka ja kAlidAsa potAnI kRtionAM vastu navAM zodhI kADhavAnI paravA karatuM nathI. kavi kAlidAsanI sAcI maulikatA nirUpaNanI navInatAmAM, jUnA arasika kAvyavihIna vastune navajIvanasaMpanna banAvavAmAM rahelI che. kAlidAse mahAbhAratanA atisAmAnya "zakuntalepAkhyAna'mAMthI kSaNe kSaNe vanavatAmuti tava pa ramaNIyatAvAH ( fpAvadha) "kSaNekSaNe je navatA dhare che te rU5 jaze ramaNIyatAnuM," evu' "zAkuntala' 2 . 'kumArasaMbhava'mAM e ja kavi tenI preraNArUpa mULa kathAne taddana navA ja svarUpe ghaDIne ApaNI samakSa mUke che. kIthanuM ane keTalAka pazcimanA paMDitonuM maMtavya che ke kAvyanI guNavattAnI daSTie "kumArasaMbhava' saMskRtanuM zreSTha mahAkAvya che "To modern taste the 'Kumarasambhava' appeals more by reason of its richer variety, the brilliance of its fancy and the greater warmth of its feeling." (History of Sanskrit Literature, 41 57). bhAratanI purAtanaprasiddha devatrayImAMthI ziva ane vigaNa sAva bhAratIyone mugdha karanArA deva rahyA che, tethI aneka sthaLe ziva bhagavAnanI kathA ApaNane maLe che. prastuta mahAkAvyane samAna kathA rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata uparAMta khAsa karIne zivapurANa, masyapurANa, saurapurANa, brahmapurANa ane kAlikApurANamAM maLI Ave che. A sava purANeno samaya anizcita che tethI kayA purANuno AdhAra kAlidAse saMbhavata: lIdho haze te kahevuM muzkela che. kharekhara to aDhAra purA paikI dasamAM zivanI kathA maLe che. tethI te kahevAyuM che ke aSTAdazapurANeSu daza mirgIyate zivaH / + "saMskRta adhyApaka saMgha'nA tIthalanA saMmelana(1991)mAM vAMcele nibaMdha. * nivRtta kAryakArI niyAmaka, lA. 6. vidyAmaMdira, amadAvAda 18 ] [sAmaya : eprila, '97-sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #22
A purANonI racanAne samaya anizcita che. vaLI atyAre maLI AvatAM purANe e ja mULa purANo che te sarvasvIkRta nathI. purANemAM "kumArasaMbhavanI kathA maLI AvavAnI vAta kItha svIkAratA nathI. teo te kahe che ke A kAvya racatI vakhate kAlidAsa pAse Adarza namUne te "rAmAyaNane ja che. "masyapurANa" ane "kumArasaMbhava'nI kathAnAM samAMtara to tarapha dAsaguptAnuM dhyAna gayuM nathI. chatAM temane abhiprAya evo che ke vartamAna zivapurANa"nI pUrvenI A purANunI nimiti e A mahAkAvyano AdhAra che. mirAsI, kRSNamAcArI ane varadAcArIyarane paNa A samAMtaratA dekhAI nathI. AthI 'masyapurANuM ane kumArasaMbhava'nI samAMtara sthAono tulanAtmaka abhyAsa karatI vakhate amAro evo dAvo nathI ke 'masyapurANa"nI kathAne AdhAra kAlidAse lIdhe che. haraprasAda zAstrIne mata evo che ke "masyapurANuM" e e samUhanuM purANa che jene jUnAM, vadhu vizALa, A ja nAmanAM purANenI sudhArelI AvRtti gaNI zakAya A zakatA svIkArIe te kAlidAse 'masyapurANa'nI keIka junI AvRttino AdhAra lIdhe hoya e saMbhavita jaNAya che. A vAta zaMkAspada che te chatAM "masyapurANa" adhyAya 146 thI 160 nI kathA sAthe kAlidAsanI kathAnAM samAntara to jovA jevo che. indrane hAthe pitAnA badhA putra mAryA jatAM vyathita banela diti potAnA pati pAse devo jene na jItI zake evA putranI mAgaNI kare che ane dasa hajAra varSa tapa karI vajAMga nAmano putra - meLave che. janmIne ja te sarva zAstromAM pAraMgata bane che ane mAtAnI AjJAthI Indrane bAMdhI lAve che sa jAtamAtra evAbhUtsarvazAstrAstrapAraga / ... zvA tataH sAkSa pAnAmoravarcanA | * mAturantikamAgacchad vyAghraH kSudramRga yathA / / brahmA ane kazyape indrane choDAvyo. brahmAe potAnA manathI ja takSaNa varAMgI nAme kanyA upana karI patnI tarIke ApI. A daMpatie ghora tapa karyuM, bhAre sAdhanA karI. I. temAM vidata nAMkhyAM. teNe varAMgIne apamAnI. vajAMge pharI tapa karI tAraka nAme putra brahmA pAsethI meLavyo. kudaMbha ane mahiSa vagere dAnavoe e tArakAsurane potAno rAjA mAne. tyAra bAda tapa karIne teNe brahmAne prasanna karyA ane varadAna mAgyuM ke, "sarva prakAranA jIvo ane parama tejeyukta zastrothI mAro vinAza na thAya. brahmAe ene samajAyuM ke- 7 guDagate vinA mRtyu seAi nittamAM dehadhArInuM mRtyu te anivArya che. tyAre tArake mAgyuM ke- zirve saptavasarAtA vadhe mahAsuro mRtyumavalepena mohitaH // "sAta divasanA bALakane hAthe mAruM mRtyu thAya." brahmAe kahyuM: 'tathAstu'. sRSTimAM kolAhala macI gaye. AsurI vRttio julama ane hatyAkAMDa macAvavA lAgI. dAnavoe devo sAthe yuddha karyuM. khUba dAna marAyA. paraMtu aMte tArakAsure viSNune nasAgyA. varuNa tathA rAvatane nasADyA. de nirAza thayA, hAryA, brahmA pAse gayA. stutiprasane brahmAe devane tArakanA nAzane upAya batAvyo, 'himAlayane tyAM pArvatI janmaze, AgalA janmonA potAnA bharathAra zivane te varaze, tene putra tArakane mAraze. thoDI pratIkSA karo-pArvatI janmI, moTI thaI tapamAM beThelA ziva bhagavAnane tabhraSTa karavA I kAmane AjJA karI. Avo vicAra karavo e paNa yogya nathI ema kAme kahyuM. masyapurANa ane kumArasaMbhavanuM kathAtatta] [19 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #23
anayA devasAmagyA munidAnavabhImathA / duHsAdhyaH zaMkaro devaH kiM na vesi jagatprabho // . sasya devasya bettha tva' kAraNaM tu yadavyayam / prAyaH prasAdaH kopo'pi sarvo hi mahatAM mahAn / / paNa aMte e vAta svIkArI. tapamAM naDatara thatAM zive kAmane bALI nAMkhyo.tdntiksthe madane vyasphArayata dhUrjaTiH / tannetravisphuliMgena kozatAM nAkavAsinAm / / gamito bhasmasAttarNa kandarpaH kAmidapakaH / sa tu ta bhasmasAt kRtvA haranetrobhavo'nalaH // ratine dhaNI vyathA thaI. te zivanA zaraNe gaI. zive tene tenA priyanA punarjIvana mATe varadAna ApyuM. pArvatIe zivane tapathI jItavAno nirNaya karyo; munioe pArvatInI parIkSA karI pArvatIne AziSa ApI. zivane vinavyA. pAvatI-zivAM lagna thayAM, tyArabAda dhaNuM samaye kumAra jA. temaNe dezanuM netRtva ladhuM ane tArakAsurane yuddhamAM nAza karyo. kathAnI A bAhya rUparekhA "kumArasaMbhavanI kathA sAthe AzcaryakAraka samAnatA dharAve che. samAnatAonI noMdha A pramANe karI zakAya ? (1) baMnemAM tArakane mAravAne upAya batAvavA devo brahmAjI samakSa hAjara thAya che. (2) vizvamAM azAMti phelAI javAnAM kAraNe baMnemAM samAna che. () tArakane varadAna brahmAe ApyuM che, chatAM tArakane mAravAno upAya, eTale ke devone mATe tAraNopAya brahmAjI ja batAve che. (4) ziva ane pArvatInA santAnano janma eTale ke kumArano janma baMnemAM upAya tarIke batAvyo che. zivanA dhyAnamAM vikSepa pADavAne. zivane tapobhaMga karavAno Adeza kAmadevane indra Ape che. (6) baMnemAM ziva kAmadevane bALIne bhasma karI de che ane AnI pAchaLa rativilApa nirdezAya che. (7) zivane tapathI jItavAno pArvatIne nirNaya banemAM pAvatIne che. (8) baMnemAM ziva-pArvatInA vivAha ane kumArane AgAmI janma nirdezAya che. (9) baMnemAM vivAhatsava varNavyo che. ane aneka vyavadhAnothI yukta che. potAnA kAvyanuM eka vyavasthita, suvikasita asAmAna ane ciMtanasabhara ane mahAkAvyocita pUrNa gauravathI yukta vastu kavine janmAvavuM che. tenI pAse kavinI kAvyadraSTi ane mahAkavinI AdaSTi che. AthI ja "masyapurANanI kathAne te vyavasthita kare che, kAvyocita banAve che, binajarUrI pAtro temaja prasaMganuM vyavadhAna dUra kare che. purANuviziSTa azakyatAo dUra kare che, lAMbA varNane vajarya gaNe che, kalyANamaya zuMgArabhAvanAne dRSTimAM rAkhI pAtro ghaDe che. ziva ane pArvatInuM gaurava jhAMkhu na paDe te dhyAnamAM rAkhI sudhArA vadhArA kare che, mULa kathAmAM teNe karelA pheraphAro nIce pramANe che. tArakAsuranA janmathI mAMDIne tenI sAme phariyAda laIne devo brahmA pAse jAya che, te pahelAM ja kavi pUrNa yuvAvasthAmAM khIlI uThela devI pArvatInuM prathama sagamAM varNana kare che, ane kathAsUtrane jALavI rAkhavA mATe ja pArvatI pAchaLathI janmI evuM purAtattva dUra kare che. [ sAmIpya : eprila, 'rU-sapTe. 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #24
badhA prasaMge himAlayamAM bane che tethI prakRtinAM komaLa tavAnA kaeNmukAtara varNanane pitAne svabhAva cheThI kavi himAlayanuM bhavya varNana kare che ane e rIte yogya bhUmikA mAM che, A kAvyamAM kaMIka asAmAnya, kaMIka gauravabhayu* vahu pite ApavA mAge che evI pratIti kavi pa. sthita kare che; je jAtanI kalA purAkArane hastagata nathI, tArakanA janmanI lAMbI thA, tenA dAmpatyanI vAto, tenA tapanI kathA, tenuM prathama yuddha ane devonI hAra vagere prasaMge choDI, tenA pachInA prasaMgethI ja kavi pitAne kAvyane AraMbha kare che. purANa kathAmAM varadAna ApyA bAda paNa ane devane tArakanA aMtano upAya sUcavyA bAda paNa devanuM dhAryuM thAya e bAbatane rasa letA brahmAne batAvyA che, e tattva kavi cheDI de che. enA badale kAlidAsanI kRtimAM brahmA pote ja tArakane vacana ApyuM che te vAta kahI umere che ke 'viSavRkSa ucherIne jAte chedavuM, yogya nA'-vipakoDani savarNa vaM' herAHarntam (2.56) yogya rIte ja AthI brahmAnuM gaurava jaLavAya che. - indra kAmane AjJA kare tyAre indrane bodha Ape e purANanI anucita vAta ane vaLI aMte tapobhaMga karavA jAya e tattva choDI kAlidAsa kAmane abhimAnI, khetI moTAImAM rata ane svaprazasti masta batAve che. kAma kahe che ke, "tArI kRpAthI kusumAyuddho chatAM, sahAyamAM mAtra vasaMta mahAre; dhayayuti zaMkaranIya huM karuM, bANavALI ko muja zo na jANaze." tava prasAdAtkusumAyudho'pi sahAyameka madhumeva labdhvA / kuryAM harasyApi pinAkapANeH dhairyacyuti ke mama dhanvino'nye // (3.10) tyAre AvA abhimAnIne te aMta ja Avavo joIe." e bhAva vAcakanA manamAM jAge che. purANamAM evo ullekha che ke khUba vilApa bAda patie zivane prArthanA karI ane zive tene varadAna ApyuM. e prasaMga choDI kavi kahe che ke krodhaM prabho sahara saMhareti yAvadagiraH khe marutAM caranti / tAvatsa vahnibhavanetrajanmA bhasmAvazeSa madana cakAra || (3.72) e rIte banyuM ane tarata potAnA gaNe sahita ziva adazya thaI gayA. pArvatInI manovyathA ane rativilApa sarjavA mATe yogya vAtAvaraNa UbhuM karavA A taddana jarUrI che. kavie e bAbata para bhAra mUke che ke potAnA saudaryathI zivane jItavAmAM niSphaLa javAthI niniH 43 hRna AvaMtI (6.2) ane mAtAe kahyuM ke, te : 4 vatsa + 2 tA 06: (u.4) te chatAM tapa dvArA ja zivane jItavAno nirNaya teNe karyo. dAmpatya bhAvanAnA mULamAM hindu jIvana ane dazananI je udAtta AmeyanI bhAvanA rahelI che te AthI ja niSpanna thAya che. ATalA mATe te kavi A kRti lakhe che. TAgora kahe che tema, "kAlidAse anAdata premanA te unmatta saudaryanI upekSA karI nathI. tene temaNe taruNa lAvaNyanA ujajavala raMge ja cItaryo che. paraMtu A ati ujajavaLatAmAM ja temaNe potAnA kAvyane samApta karyuM' nathI. je prazAta viralavaNI pariNAma tarapha teo potAne kAvyane pahoMcADe che, te ja temane kAvyanuM aMtima laya che." (prAcIna sAhitya). pAvatInA tapanuM kAlidAsanuM varNana tenuM potAnuM anokhu' sajana che, je purANuvanathI jarA paNa prerAyuM nathI. purANamAM ghaNI bAbatamAM, ghaNI vakhata munionuM je vyavadhAna hoya che te musyapurANa ane kumArasaMbhavanuM kamAta~] [22 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #25
kavine gamatuM nathI, tethI ziva pote ja mahAkAvyanA pAMcamA sargamAM brahmacArI svarUpe AvI pAvatInI parIkSA kare che, ane aMte darzana ApI kahe che ke he suMdarI, AjathI huM tapathI kharI. dAyelo tAro dAsa chuM.' pracAcavanataifja tavAmi sAsa: phrIjarata mi: | (6.86) AnAthI pArvatInA pAtra tathA dAmpatyanI sAcI kasoTI thAya che, baMne pAtrAnuM temanuM devI gaurava maLe che te chatAM mAnavahadayapriya bhAvonI romAMcakatA paNa niSpanna thAya che. , lokapakAra mATe pote pArvatIne jarUra paraNaze evuM vacana purANamAM ziva munione Ape che. spaSTa rIte ja AnAthI zivanA pArvatI pratyenA naisargika AkarSaNane vaMsa thAya che. pArvatInA tapanuM gaurava khIlatuM nathI ane dAmpatya mATe je koDa ubhayane thayA te dabAI jAya che. AthI kavi A tattva choDI de che. ziva mAtra pAvatInA tapathI prerAyelI potAnI hAMsathI prasanna banIne tenA thayA, e kavino bhAva che. purANamAM evo ullekha mAtra che ke ratie kAmanA mRtyu para bahu vilApa karyo. A eka vAkyane ulalekhamAMthI nArIhRdayanI gherI vyathAnuM eka ati suMdara citra ApavAnI taka kavi jhaDapI le che ane AmAMthI cothA saMgane amara "rativilApa' sarjAya che. masyapurANamAM zivane devo sajaja kare che. ziva pitAnAM saMva bhISaNa alaMkaraNathI susajaja thAya che tyAre paNa ziva-pArvatI thakI tArakAsurane putra janmAve e vAtano ullekha thAya che. spaSTa rIte ja kAlidAsanI sauMdaryadraSTi ane aucityabhAvanA ubhayane AnAthI AghAta lAge te sthiti hovAne lIdhe A baMne to kAlidAsa vajaya gaNe che. A uparAMta AkhI kathAne avanavuM rUpa ApavA mATe nIcenAM varNane ane prasaMge kavie svaka95nAthI umeryA che ane yogya rIte kathAmAM goThavI dIdhAM che. akAlavasaMtanuM ane te samaye hAjara pArvatInuM varNana, je zivanA manamAM jAgatA vikAra tathA pArvatInI manovyathA jagADavA mATe jarUrI che. A varNana svAbhAvika rIte ja sRSTine zRMgArakarasa banAvI, temAMthI paNa zivane pAra utAre che ane zivanuM gaurava vadhAre che, varNanakalAnI abhUtapUrva siddhi kAlidAsa dAkhave che. madhu dvirephaH kusumekapAtre papau priyAM svAmanuvartamAnaH / va zRgeNa ca sparzanimIlitAkSI mRgImakaNDUyata kRSNasAraH // (3.36) enuM eka utkRSTa udAharaNa che. bIja' che tapazcaryAmaya zivanuM varNana, je zugArabhAva viruddha nivikAratAnuM adbhuta vAtAvaraNa sarjI eka vakhata kAmane paNa mugdha banAvI de che. zAMta rasane 2sa tarIkenuM gaurava apAvanAra A varNana saMskRtamAM ati utkRSTa gaNya che (kumArasaMbhava, tRtIya sarga). tapAmaya pAvatI ane brahmacArI zivane saMvAda, je samagra hindu dAmpatyabhAvanA, nArInI niSThA, saMyama, tapasvitA Adine pragaTa kare che. purANomAM jIvanaviSayaka vicAro jarUra Ave che. parata A jIvanamAMthI jaDela ciMtana ane AnA ja paripAkarUpe AkhA mahAkAvyamAM patharAyelI [ sAmIpya: eprila, 9-, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #26
ciMtana kaNikAo kAlidAsanA samagra jIvanacitananA niceADa ApaNane Ape che. TAgAra kahe che tema teTalA mATe ja kavie prakRtinA cAMcayanI jagyAe acaLa niSThAnI ekAgratA, sau mAhanI jagyAe kalyANanI kamanIya chaTA, ane vasaMtavilA mahA araNyanI jagyAe AnaMdanimagna vizvaleAkane sthApyAM che.' Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir kAlidAse AThamA saga^mAM karelu' zivapAva tInI kAmakrIDAnu vaN na matsyapurANanA vaNaeNna karatAM taddana juduM' che ane e kumAranA janmanI bhUmikA race che, ane kAlidAsanI ghaNI TIkA thaI che te chatAM kahevu' joIe ke ziSTa ane saMskArI vAcakane uzkerI mUke evuM kazuM... A vanamAM nathI ane kAlidAsanI dRSTie kAvya ahI' ja pUruM thAya che. kAvyanu' zIrSaka, pAchalA sargAnuM nimna kATinu kAvyatattva vagere uparAMta mallinAthe ATha sarvAM para ja TIkA lakhI che te A vAtanuM samarthana ApanArI hakIkatA che. matsyapurANu ane kumArasaMbhavanuM kathAtattva ] ATalI carcAmAMthI spaSTa thAya che ke 'matsyapurANa'nI kathAnI tulanAe kAlidAse karelA pheraphAra ane umerelAM tattvA pUrNa rIte yeAgya che, purANakathAnI nabaLAIo ane asabhavitatA dUra karI, kathAne sudRDha, spaSTa, svAbhAvika, pravAhI, kalAtmaka ane satata sajIva banAve che. mAnavahRdayanA gUDhatama rahasyA khullAM karavA ane bhAvAvezayukta vana ApavAM e kAlidAsanA Agraha che. rasa e teA kAvyane AtmA che ane rasaniSpatti tathA tenAM aucitya, ziSTatA ane gaurava kAlidAsa satata jALavI rAkhe che. mahAkAvyanAM pAtro asAmAnya teA hAya ja, temAM ya A to devA che tethI temanuM gaurava jaLavAya ane saceATa pAtrAlekhana thAya te sAthe mAnavasulabha hadgata bhAve temanAmAM AApAya tenI kALajI paN kavie rAkhI che. hiMdu saMskRtinA dhanyatama tattvone ja pragaTa karanAra kAlidAsa bhAvanAvihIna teA kazuM lakhatA ja nathI. eka jIvanadRSTi ane udAtta bhAvanA pragaTa karavAne! temanA Agraha che. A satra uddezA kavie karelA pheraphArAthI siddha thAya che. ane kavinA kAvyane saMskRta mahAkAvyamAM teNe prApta kareluM gaurava apAve che. For Private and Personal Use Only [.

Page #27
bho. je. vidyAbhavana saMgrahamAMnA keTalAka sikkAH eka svAdhyAya bhAratI zelata amadAvAdanA meM. je, adhyayana-saMzodhana vidyAbhavananA saMgrahAlayamAM prAcIna, madhyakAlIna ane arvAcIna sikkAono moTo saMgraha che. e paikIne pAMca sikkAono abhyAsa atre prastuta che. temAMnA traNa sikkA anukrame pazcimI kAmaka kSatrapa rAjA rAmajadazrI 1 lA (zaka 7ra ane 100 vacce I. sa. 150 ane 178 vacce), rudrasiMha 1 lA (zaka 102-119 = I. sa. 180 thI 197) ane vIradAmA (zaka 159-16 0 = I. sa. 634 thI 238)nA che ane be sikkA caulukya naraza siddharAja jayasiMha(I. sa. 1094 - I. sa. 1143)nA che. pazcimI kSatrapa rAjAonA sikkA 1. dAmajadazrI 1lA(zaka 72 ane 100 vacce = I. sa. 150 ane 178 vacce)no eka siko bho. je. vidyAbhavananA saMgrahAlayanA sAmAnya parigrahaNAMka 165para para caDhale ane samaya nirdeza vinAne che. eno tela 2.3 grAma ane adha vyAsa 1.5 se. mI. che. AkAramAM A sikko gaLa che, dhAtu cAMdI che. mahAkSatrapa rudradAmAM 1 lAnA putra ane anugAmI A rAjAnA kSatrapa ane mahAkSatrapa prakAranA samayanirdeza vinAnA sikkA maLe che. A rAjAnA kSatrapa prakAranA sikkA traNa jAtanA lakhANavALA maLe che. 1. rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudradAmaputrasa rAjJo kSatrapasa dAmasadasa... 2. rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudradAmaputrasa rAjJo kSatrapasa dAmajadazrIya... 3, rAzo mahAkSatrapa rudrAmaputra rAso kSatrapala vamadasa... repsane pitAnA sikkA aMgenA keTalaeNgamAM dAmajadathI 1lAnA kSatrapa prakAranA pAMca ane mahAkSatrapa prakAranA be sikkAonuM varNana karyuM che. amadAvAdanA zeTha zrI cinubhAI cimanabhAInA vyaktigata saMgrahamAM A rAjAne eka kSatrapa prakArane sikko che. prinsa oNpha velasa myujhiyama, muMbaImAM rAmajadathI 1lAnA traNa sikkA saMgRhIta che.2 bho. je. vidyAbhavana saMgrahAlayamAM saMgRhIta dAmajadazrInA sikkAne agrabhAga: sikkAnA agrabhAga upara dakSiNAbhimukha rAjanI mukhAkRti aMkita karelI che. rAjAnI mukhAkRtinI sAme grIka akSaro A kita karelA che ane kinArI para goLa pharatAM biMduo che. pRSThabhAga : sikkAne pRSTha bhAga upara trikUTa parvata, nAce taragAkAra rekhA tathA trikUTa parvatanI jamaNI bAjue upara 9 * rIDara, bho. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda 24] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '94sapTe. 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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kiraNavALuM sUryabiMba ane DAbI bAjue be ardha caMdra aMkita karelA che. kinArI para vRttAkAramAM kSatrapakAlIna brAhmI lipi ane saMskRtamizrita prAkRta bhASAmAM nIce mujaba lakhANa upasAveluM che : - rAjJo mahAkSatrapasa rudradamaputrasa rajJa mahakSatrapasa damajadazraya 2. mahAkSatrapa rudrasiMha 1lA(zaka 102-118 = I. sa. 180-1960nA sikko uparyukta dAmadajazrI lAnA ladhu baMdhu rudrasiMha 1 lAno zaka varSa 111(I. sa. 189)ne A mahAkSatrapa prakArano sikko cAMdIno ane AkAramAM goLa che. ene sAmAnya parigrahaNuka 16553 che. sikkAnuM vajana 2.05 grAma ane ardhavyAsa 14 se. mI. che. resananA keTegamAM radrasiMha 1lAnA 29 cAMdInA ane be poTananA sikkAonuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. 29 cAMdInA sikkAomAMthI 24 mahAkSatrapa prakAranA ane 5 sikkA kSatra5 prakAranA che. zeTha zrI cinubhAI cimanabhAInA saMgrahamAM A rAjanA cAMdInA 4, jUnAgaDha myujhiyamamAM 1, valsana myujhiyama, rAjakoTamAM 2, bArTana myujhiyama, bhAvanagaramAM 2, saradAra paTela myujhiyama, valabhavidyAnagaramAM 3, prinsa eNka vai9sa myujhiyama, muMbaImAM 7 ane lA. da. myujhiyama, amadAvAdamAM 1 sikko saMgRhIta che.4 rUddhasiMha 1 lA prathama vAra mahAkSatrapa tarIkenA sikkA zAka 100 thI 11 sudhInA maLe che. A sikko zaka 111 ne che. AthI rudrasiMha prathama vAra zaka 111 sudhI mahAkSatrapa rahyo hovAnuM jaNAya che. sikkAne agrabhAga : dakSiNAbhimukha rAjanI mukhAkRti ane sAme grIka akSare aMkita karelA che. rAjanI garadananI pAchaLanA bhAgamAM zaka varSa [100+10+1 a kita karela che. pRSThabhAga: madhyamAM trikUTa parvata, enI nIce taragAkAra be rekhAo, trikUTa parvatanI upara jamaNI bAju 9 kiraNavALa sUrya biMba ane DAbI bAju be ardhacaMdra aMkita karela che. kinArI para vRttAkAre kSatrakAlIna brAhmI lipimAM ane saMskRta mizrita prAkRta bhASAmAM lakhANa upasAvela cheH T4 mahAkSatraNa vanaputraya zo mahakSatrapasa idrasidasa 3, kSatra5 vIradAmAno sikko (zaka 156-160 = I. sa. 234-238) drasiMha 1lA putra mahAkSatrapa dAmasenanA lAMbA zAsana daramyAna tene putra vIradAmA kSatrapa tarIke adhikAra dharAvato hato teno A cAMdIno sikko AkAramAM geLa che. ene sAmAnya parigrahaNAMka 16549 che. sikkAnuM tela 2.25 grAma ane avyAsa 1.5 se. mI. che. rAja vIradA mAnA mAtra kSatrapa prakAranA sikkA zaka 156-16 0 (I. sa. 234-238)nA varSonA ja maLe che. ( resane kaMTelegamAM vIradAmAnA 33 cAMdInA ane 11 piTanane sikkAonuM varNana karyuM che." A uparAMta InDiyana insTiTayUTa phora risarca ina nyuminmeTika sTaDIjha, aMjanerI(nAsika)mAM vIradAmAna 17, lA. da. saMgrahAlayamAM 1, prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiyamamAM 2, zrI cinubhAI cimanabhAInA saMgrahamAM 5, bATana myujhiyamamAM 1, jUnAgaDha myujhiyamamAM 1, vaDodarA myujhiyamamAM 1 ane voTasana myujhiyamamAM 1 sikko prApya che. moDherAmAMthI vIradAmAne eka mahAkSatrapa prakArane sikko upalabdha thaye che.? sikkAne agrabhAga : dakSiNAbhimukha rAjAnI mukhAkRti ane sAme kinArI para grIka akSaro upasAvelA che. garadananA pAchaLanA bhAgamAM zaka varSa 100+5+[7] vaMcAya che. bho. je. vidyAbhavana saMgrahAlayamAMnA keTalAka sikkA : eka svAdhyAya ] (25 For Private and Personal Use Only

Page #29
57bhAga : mayamAM tri parvata, nIce tAraMgAkAra rekhA parvatanA upasnA jAgamAM jamaNI tarapha nava kiravAnuM sUtabiMba tathA DAbI bAjue ardha cakranI AkRti spaSTa jaNAya che. kinArI para vRttAkAre brAhmI lipimAM lakhANa kotareluM che. je mAtrapala mesenasa putra rAsa kSatrapara vIratna 4-5. caulukaya rAjA siddharAja jayasiMhanA be sikkA I. sa.nI 12 mI sadImAM solaMkI yuganA mahApratApI rAjA siddharAja jayasiMhanA sikkA gujarAta ane saurASTramAM pracalita hovAnuM jJAya che. siddharAja jayasiMhanA A be sikakAono sAmAnya parigrahaNuka anukrame 16550 ane 16551 che. AkAramAM atyaMta nAnA A gALa cAMdInA be sikkAonuM tela anukrame 0.5 grAma ane 0.450 grAma che, jyAre baMnene adha vyAsa anukrame 0.7 se. mI. ane 0.8 se. mI. che. jhAMsI (u, pra.) pAsenA paMDavADA gAme 1975mAM guja2 pratIhAra rAjA bhojadevanA keTalAka sikkAo sAthe siddharAjanA manAtA be senAnA sikkA maLI AvyA che. A vRttAkAra sikkAo para I. sa.nI 11 mI 12 mI sadInI nAgarI lipimAM "zrI siddharAja' evu lakhAyuM che. zrI Ara. ba4 A sikkA siddharAja jayasiMhanA mATe che, gujarAtamAM mahesANA pAse pilavAI gAmethI siddharAja jyasiMhanA manAtA keTalAka cAMdInA sikkA maLyA che, jenA para zrImannasiruM akSara vaMcAya che. A sikkA siddharAja jayasiMhanA che.* | zrI girijAzaMkara AcArye pro. DIvAlAnA sa grahamAMnA nAnA nAnA sikkAo upara zrImannathasiMha vAMcyuM che ane A sikkA siddharAja jayasiMhanA hovAnuM jaNAvyuM che. . pI. ela. gupta vaMthaLImAMthI pAMca nAnA sikkA maLyA che, jenA para priya zabda paTa vaMcAya che. hai. guptanA mate jayasiMhapriya nAmavA rAjAne ullekha maLato nathI. paraMtu prabaMdhe ane le bapaddhati' graMthamAM jayasiMhapriya, kumAra pAyapriya, vIsalapriya bhImapriya ane lUNapriya drone ulekha Ave che.1 Thakkara phera dvArA 13 mI sadImAM racAyela 'dravyaparIkSA' nAmanA graMthamAM "gujarImudrA' prakaraNamAM kumarapurI, ajayapurI, bhImapurI ane vIsalapurI 2 jevA sikkAo ane eno vajanana ulekha aAve che. solaMkI rAjAoe pitAnA cazuM sikkA paDAvyA hovAnuM ane "jayasiMhapriya nAmavALA sikkA selaphI sanma riharaja. jayasiMhanA ja hovAnuM spaSTa jaNAya che. sikkAonA agrabhAga : sikkAnI DAbI tarapha mukha rAkhI AgaLa cAlatA hoya tevA hAthanuM citra aMkita kareluM che. hAthIe suMDhamAM lAMbI lAkaDInA AkAranI vastu pakaDI che. uparanA bhAgamAM kinArI para biMduo jaNAya che. pRSThabhAga : sikkAnA madhyamAM devanAgarI lipimAM lakhANa upasAveluM che. A lakhANa traNa paMktimAM che. eka sikkA para nIce mujaba lakhAyuM che: [zrIma7 ] [3]ti piya bIja sikkA paranuM lakhANa A mujaba che: [sAmIpya : eprila, ekTa-sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jayasi piya pAdaTIpa 4. E. J. Rapson, Catalogue of Indian Coins : The Andhra Dynasty, the Western Kshatrapas, the Traikutaka Dynasty and the Bodhi Dynasty, New Delhi, 1908, pp. 80 Ff, 2. renU lAla, 'prAcIna gujarAta meM praca leta sikokA adhyayana (apragaTa mahAnibaMdha), amadAvAda, - 2111, . 27 0-77 3. Rapon, op. cit., pp. 86 ff. 4. - trA, 35ryuM, pR. 272 se 4. Rapson, op. cit., pp. 117 ff. 6. renU lAla, upayukta, pR. 199 se 7 navInacaMdra AcAryo, "gujarAtanA sikkAo.' amadAvAda, 1980, pR. 79 8. a. va. paMDyA, "mahArAja jayasiMha siddharAjanA cAMdInA sikkA,, "mArA viSayavasvamasUri ramAra paMtha," muMbaI, 1956, pR. 105-106 9. ejana, pR. 106. 10. "pathika' sapTe-okaTo. 1981, pR. 39-41; - stra, vAyu , pR. 808 11. varSa jAnI, gujarAtanA caulukyakAlIna abhilekheH eka adhyayana, amadAvAda, 1991, pR. 141 12. Tapura 2, TrA rakSA gaura dhotpatti (saMpA. mahA nATA), AaurAtriI, 176, jI. 83-84 bho. je. vidyAbhavana saMgrahamAMnA keTalAka sikkA : eka svAdhyAya ] [ 27 For Private and Personal Use Only

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zrAvastInA jetavana-dAnanA prasaMganAM zilpAMkane thAmasa paramAra prAcIna nagara zrAvastInu` mAhAtmya bauddha ane jaina dhamamAM eka samAna che. pAli bhASAmAM tenuM nAma sAvathI che ane temAMthI saheya (hAlanuM) thayuM hovAnI zakayatA che A nagaranA camyakapura ane ca`drikApurI evAM e nAme paNa jANavA maLe che. hAla te sthaLa saheTha-maheThanAM khaMDerA tarIke prasiddha che. uttara pradezanA gAMDA ane bahurAIca jillAomAM tenA avazeSa AvelA che. gAMDA-gArakhapura relave lAIna para balarAmapurathI 11 mAIla dUra pazcimamAM A sthaLa AveluM che. ahIthI bauddha, jaina ane hiMdu ema traNe dharmAMnA sthApatyakIya avazeSo prApta thayA che. madhyakAlIna keTalAka makabarA paNa tyAM AvelA che. zrAvastI rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhArata jeTalI prAcInatA dharAve che. A baMne mahAkAvyeAnA ullekha pramANe te kozala dezanuM samRddha nagara hatuM. ajJAtavrutta nAmanA rAjAe zrAvastInI sthApanA karI hatI evA ullekha mahAbhAratamAM che. purANAnA ullekha pramANe te uttara kAzanI rAjadhAnI hatI. I. pU. chaThThI sadI pahelAnA zrAvastInA itihAsa bhAgye ja ANuvA maLe che. bhagavAna buddha ane mahAvIra svAmInA samayathI te prasiddhimAM AvyuM hovAnu jaNAya che. A sthaLe mudde aneka nAnA moTA camatkAro karyAM hAvAtu. bauddha anuzrutio dvArA jANavA maLe che. yuddhanA samaya daramyAna zrAva. stImAM rAjA prasenajitanuM zAsana pravatuM hatuM. zrAvastInA dhanADhaya vepArI suddhame yuddhane zrAvastImAM AmaMtryA tyArathI zrAvastImAM muddatA prabhAva vadhyA hatA. sudatta eka moTA dAnavIra hatA ane te anAthipa'Daka (sa. anASir arthAt anAtheAnu` pAlana karanAra) nAme paNa jANItA hatA. buddhanA darzIna teNe sau prathama rAjagRhamAM karyAM hatAM. muddha jyAre rAjagRhamAM padhAryAM tyAre teee sItavanamAM vAsa karyAM hatA. rAjagRhanA zreSThI sudattanI bahene bhagavAna buddhanA ane sadhatA Atithya satkAra khUba ja sArI rIte karyAM hatA. peAtAnI bahenanA A krAyathI sudatta ghaNA ja prabhAvita thayA hatA ane teNe yuddhane zrAvastImAM padhAravA AmaMtraNa Apyu hatuM. paraMtu zrAvastImAM buddhanA nivAsa mATe kAI vihAra na hato tethI mudde AmaMtraNanA svIkAra karyA na hatA. anAthipaMDaka jayAre zrAvastI pAchA pharyAM tyAre teNe yuddhanA mATe zrAvastImAM eka vihAra bAMdhavAnI yeAjanA karI. rAjA prasenajitanA rAjakumAra jetanA udyAtavALI jagyA vihAra bAMdhavA mATe tene yeAgya jaNAtA jetane te jamIna peAtAne vecavA vAta karI. jete jamIna vecavA icchA darzAvI paraMtu zarata mUkI ke peAtAnI mAlikInA vananI bhUmi para patharAI rahe eTalI mudrAnA mUlyamAM te te vananuM vecANa karaze. zuddha pratye sudattane pUjya bhAva hAvAthI teNe tanI zarata mAnya rAkhI. pAchaLathI rAjakumAra jete A karAramAMthI calita adhyakSa, bhAratIya saMskRti vibhAga, ha. kA. ArTsa koleja, amadAvAda-- 28 ] [sAmIpTa : eprila, '93,-sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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thavAno prayatna karyo, paraMtu nyAyAlayamAM tenI viruddha cukAdo AvatAM potAnI mAlikInuM vana nirdhArita karelI zarata pramANe teNe zreSThI sudattane vecavuM paDayuM. sudaro 18 karoDanA mUlyanA kApaNuM sikkAo gADAMomAM bharI lAvIne vananI bhUmi para patharAvI dIdhA ane rAjakumAra jetanuM vana have sudattanI mAlikInuM thaI gayuM. e pachI A vana teNe buddhane aparNa karyuM. suda tyAM buddhanA mATe vihAra baMdhAvyuM. A vihAra-nirmANanA kAryamAM madada karavA mATe buddhanA ziSya sAriputra paNa zrAvastImAM gayA hatA. nANAM pAtharavAnI thoDI jamIna bAkI hatI tyAM rAjakumAra jete sudatane nANAM pAtharatAM aTakAvyo ane eTalI jamIna potAnI mAlikInI rAkhIne jete tyAM buddha mATe suvarNa maMdira baMdhAvyuM. sute bhUmi para je mudrAo bichAvI hatI tenuM mUhaya 18 karoDa hatuM. sudatte tyAM maMdira, saMdhArAma, kaSTAgAra, kuvA vagerenA bAMdhakAma pAchaLa bIjA 18 karoDanI mudrAo vAparI hatI, sudAnI A mahAmUlI bheTanI puNya smRtine jIvaMta rAkhavA mATe AnuM nAma 'tavananA vihArane anAthapiMDadu ArAma rAkhavAmAM Ave tevuM buddha sUcavyuM hatuM. jetavana vihAranI pratiSThA khUba ja dhAmadhUmapUrvaka karavAmAM AvI hatI, ' A prasaMgane kendramAM rAkhIne bharadUta ane badhigayAnI vedikAmAM temaja sAMcInA mahArapanA uttaranA toraNadAranI pUrva bAjunA staMbha para suMdara zilpAMkana karelA che. bharaddatanA zilpamAM A prasaMganuM Alekhana A rIte karavAmAM AvyuM che.' baLadane gADAthI haTa karIne gADAmAM bharelA corasa AkAranA sikkA vananI bhUmi para pAtharavAmAM AvI rahyA che. vedikA vaDe AvRtta eka bodhivRkSa je buddhanI upasthitinuM sUcana kare che. tenI sAme Ubho rahela anAthapiMDadA pAtramAMthI pANI reDIne dAna saMkalpa kare che. bIjI bAjue vananA sUcaka evA traNa vRkSanI AsapAsa mudrAo bichAvavAmAM AvI rahI che. be kUTAgAra paNa AlekhyA che jemAMnA uparanA kuTANAra para 'napaTi,2 ane nIcenA kUTAgAra pAse krosavenyUTi evuM lakhANa kotareluM che. A dazyamAM 'tavana anAthaveri reti dipaMtharena detA* evuM lakhANa utkIrNa che arthAta anAthapiMDaka koTi dhanane kaya karIne jetavananuM dAna kare che. sAMcInA mahAtRpanA uttarane taraNudAranA pUrvane staMbhanA sanmukha bhAge bIjA dazyamAM jetavanano prasaMga AlekhavAmAM Avyo che.A dazyamAM muddAothI DhaMkAyelI bhUmi darzAvI che. temaja gaTI, kesaaphUTI ane kaTAriphUTI nAmanAM buddhanAM traNa nivAsthAne darzAvyAM che. gabdhaphUTI AgaLa Asana darzAvyuM che je buddhanI upasthitinuM sucaka jaNAya che. bhAdhigayAnI vedikAnA eka staMbha 5ra 5Na jetavanadAnanA prasaMganuM zikSakane jovA maLe che.* A dazyamAM traNa puruSa AkRtio ane traNa vRkSonuM Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM che. UbhA rahela puruSe mudrAo bharelu pAtra khabhA para dhAraNa karyuM che. jamaNA hAtha vaDe pAtra pakaDayuM che jyAre DAbo hAtha keDa para le che. bIjA be puruSe paga para ubhaDaka besIne jamIna para sikkAe bichAvI rahyA che. Ama upayukta traNe sthaLe zrAvastInA jetavananA dAnanA prasaMganuM zi9pAMkana karavAmAM AvyuM che. A traNe zi9SAMkanane samaya I . bIjI sadIne mUkavAmAM Ave che. A traNe zipino talanAtmaka abhyAsa karatAM keTalIka rasaprada bAbato najare paDe che. traNamAMthI be sthaLe bharadrata ane sAMcImAM buddhanI upasthiti pratIke dvArA darzAvI che. marahUtamAM bodhivRkSa dvArA ane sAMcImAM Asana dvArA zrAvastInA jetavana-dAnanA prasaMganAM zilpAMkano ] [ 29 For Private and Personal Use Only

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buddhane rajU karavAmAM AvyA che. bharadUta ane sAMcInA zilpamAM anukrame traNa ane be TAgAra darzAvyAM che jyAre be dhigayAnA zi95mAM eka paNa kUTAgAra darzAvyuM nathI. bhArata ane dhigayAnA zilpamAM vananA sUcaka evA traNa vRkSo AlekhavAmAM AvyA che. bharadUtamAM prasaMganuM khUba ja vigate zilpAMkana karavAmAM AvyuM che. anAthapiMDadane dAnano saMkalpa, gADAmAMthI mudrAo utAravI, mudrAo jamIna para bichAvI, traNa kUTAgAra, traNa vRkSo vagerenA Alekhana dvArA A hakIkta spaSTa thAya che. zilpAMkananA samaye eTale ke I. pU. bIjI sadImAM jAtakakathAo ane buddhanA jIvana prasaMge lokomAM eTalA jANItA thaI gayA hatA ke bharadUtanA zi95mAM ATaluM vigate Alekhana na thayuM hota te paNa dazakane prasaMgane khyAla AvI zake tema hatuM. eTaluM ja nahi paNa zilmanA viSayane abhilekha dvArA jaNAvavAmAM paNa Avyo che ! rajUAta dvArA ja darzakana viSayanI jANa thAya che te kuzaLa kalAkAranI siddhahastatA darzAve che. A dRSTie bodhigayAnuM zilpa nekhuM paDe che. mAtra traNa puruSa, vRkSo ane muddAonA Alekhana dvArA ja samagra prasaMgane saphaLa rIte rajU karavAmAM kalAkArane saphaLatA maLI che. tyAM prasaMganuM nAma paNa jaNuvyuM na hovA chatAM prasaMgane khyAla AvI jAya che. bhAratanA zilpamAM pAtronI AsapAsa pazcAdabhUmimAM thoDI jagyA khAlI rAkhIne chAyA darzAvavAno prayatna karavAmAM Avyo che jethI pAtro jahA paDI Ave che saraMtu teone ekabIjA sAthe layAtmaka saMbaMdha jaNAtuM nathI. bharadUtamAM dareka bAbata dhIrajathI kALajIpUrvaka AlekhavAmAM AvI hovA chatAM dareka bhAga alaga jaNAya che ane ekabIjA sAthe saMbaMdhita hovAnuM jaNAtuM nathI. jyAre be dhigayAmAM bharata jeTaluM vigate Alekhana karavAmAM AvyuM na hovA chatAM tenA pAtro layAtmaka rIte ekabIjA sAthe saMbaMdhita jaNAya che. vAsudevazaraNuM agravAlanA mate badhigayAnA zipIoe pitAnA jhINavaTa bharyA zilpakAmano vArase bharaDUta pAsethI meLavyo hato ane te sAcI ane mathurAmAM paNa vadhAre sArI rIte phelAyo hato. Ama hovA chatAM bharaddata, badhigayA ane sAMcInA jetavananA kAnaprasaMganA zi95nI 2juAtamAM ghaNuM meTo bheda jovA maLe che. pAdaTIpa 1. Cunningham, Stupa at Bharhut, plates 28 & 57 2. mizra ramAnAtha, madUta, pR. 70 3. ejana pU. 71 4. ejana pR. 71 4. Marshal John, The Monuments of Sanchi and Foncher Alfred, Vol. I (Text) p. 222 Vol. II (Illustrations) plate 6 XXXIV b 2 $. Cunningham, Mahabodhi, plate VIII-8 7. Agrawala, Vasudeva, Indian Art, p. 184 [ sAmIpya : eprila, 'ka7-sapTe., 1994 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAtanI gaNeza pratimAe : keTalIka navIna upalabdha rA. ThA.. sAvaliyA* dareka kAyaSa nivighne pAra pADavA mATe jenuM prathama smaraNa-pUjana karavAmAM Ave che te vighnahartA gaNuti bIjA devAne mukAbale hiMdu samAjamAM aneAkhuM sthAna dharAve che. samagra bhArata varSoMmAM gaNapati ane tenI pUjAne pracAra sarva sAmAnya banyA che. gaNeza pUjAnI utpatti ane vikAsa tathA gaNezanA paurANika ane zilpazAstrIya mUrtividhAna vize agAu dhaNu` sAhitya upalabdha che. uparAMta gaNeza pratimAnI prAcInatA vize paNa prathA ane sAmayikAmAM carcA vicAraNA gaI che. 1 tethI anne punarAvartana karavu. ucita mAnyuM nathI. gujarAtamAMthI upalabdha gaNeza pratimAe vize anya lekhAe prAcIna ane madhyakAlathI zarU karI judA judA samayanI dhaNI mUrti e vize alaga alaga prathA ane sAmayikAmAM vigatavAra mAhitI prasiddha karela che.ra atre prastuta gaNeza pratimAe gujarAtamAMthI prApta anya mUrti emAM navIna upalabdhi gaNAvI zakAya. A pratimAe pIThAI, lIlavA (ThAkAra-paMcamahAla), bhAvakA, nagarA, viSNu maMdira amaLAjImAM joI zakAya che. pIThAInI gaNeza pratimA (citra 1) pIThAI (tA. kapaDavaMja) gAmanA pIDhezvarI mAtAnA madiranA prAMgaNamAM A pratimA AvelI che. gALa takriyA jevA alaMkRta Asana upara gaNeza DAbe paga vALIne, jamaNeA paga DhIMcaNathI vALI UbhA rAkhIne beThelA che. gajamukhadhArI devanA mastake cakrAkAra padakayukta ala kAra niSALI zakAya che. moTA kAnamAM padmakaLI AkAranu kA~la kAra ze|bhI rahyuM che. traNa netra, mukha para prasannatAneA bhAva, mukhanI bahAra khADita daMtazULa spaSTa najare paDe che. jamaNI tarapha vALelI sUDha asAmAnya lakSaNa tarIke alaga tarI Ave che. gaNezanA kaMThamAM dhaTaDIyukta hAra, bAjue para maNukAyukta bAjubaMdha, hAthamAM kakaNu tathA pagamAM dhUdharAyukta jhAMjhara teAMdhapAtra che. DAbA hAtha para thaI pAchaLathI bhaNA hAtha sudhI vITaLAyela nAganI pheNa bhAga khaDita che. avAvastra tarIke lagADI paherelI che. 'dha para thaI baMne bAju laTakatuM vastra temaja DAbA paganI nIce vastranA cheDAnI gAmUtrikAdhATanI karacalI dhyAnAkarSaka che, caturbhuja svarUpamAM parikramAkrame jotAM jamaNA nIcalA hAthamAM phUla ke daMta, upalA jamaNA hAthamAM padma, DAbA upalA hAthamAM parazu ane nIcaleA DAbe hAtha anucaranA mastaka para Tekavela che, jenI AMgaLIe mAdakapAtrane patI batAvI che, ahIM DAbA paga pAchaLa UbhelA adhyApaka, je. je. vidyAbhavana, amadAvAda gujarAtanI maNeza pratimAe : keTalIka navIna upalabdhie ] For Private and Personal Use Only [31

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anucare baMne hAthe modakapAtra dhAraNa karela che. anucaranA mastaka paranA gUMcaLAyukta vALa cheka khabhA para patharAyelA che. tenI upaselI AMkho ane mukhanuM Alekhana ullekhanIya che. upayukta pratimAnuM samagra Alekhana jotAM adhevanI kalAmaya valIo ane aMtabhAgamAM gomUtrikAghATa grIka ane gAMdhAra zailInI yAda apAve che. vaLI aMgonI racanAmAM moTA jadhana ane dehavaLAMkane bhArapUrvaka darzAvavAnI A zailI prAcIna zipamAM pracalita hatI. A gaNeza pratimAnI besavAnI paddhatine amajhArA, keTezvara ane roDAmAMthI prApta gaNeza pratimAo sAthe sarakhAvatA eka ja paddhatinI zailI hovAnuM mAluma paDe che. alaMkAronI bAbatamAM zAmaLAjI, IDara, amajhArA, koTezvara, sihora, reDAnI gaNeza pratimAne ala karaNe sAthe spaSTa sAmya dharAve che, vaLI gaNezanA DAbA paga pAse Ubhela anucarane mastakanA gUMcaLAyukta vALa ane mukhanuM sauSThava yAvanI (Hellenistic) zi95-zailInI asara batAve che. Ane zAmaLAjImAMthI prApta cAmuMDAe dhAraNa karela mastaka sAthe sarakhAvI zakAya. Ama A gaNeza pratimAnA samagra lakSaNone dhyAnamAM laI guptakalAnI asara sUcavatA A zipane IsavI sananA sAtamA saikAmAM mUkI zakAya. paMcamahAlamAMnI nRtya gaNeza pratimA (citra-2) paMcamahAla jillAnA lIbaDI najIka lIlavA (ThAkara) nAmanA gAmamAM nRtyamudrAmAM UbhelA gaNezanI apratima mUti AvelI che. nRtya mudrAmAM gaNezajIe jamaNe paga U e laIne AMgaLIo para Tekavela che. jyAre DAbo paga DhIMcaNathI saheja vALelo che. gaja mastaka para nAne mukuTa ane AgaLanA bhAge mauktikanI sarayukta kerIghATano ala karayukta pado zobhI rahyo che. baMne kAnanA uparanA bhAgamAM padmakaLI AkAranA nAnA karNa--alaMkAro noMdhapAtra che. visphArita netro, mukhamAM khaMDita daMtazULa che. khabhAne samAntara DAbI tarapha sUDha rAkhela che. kaMThamAM ghaMTaDIyukta hAra ane ekAvali daSTigocara thAya che. DAbA khabhA parathI pasAra thaI jamaNA hAtha nIcethI udara upara dekhAto nAgabaMdha AkarSaka che. bAju para kApA pADelAM kaDAM ane hAthamAM kaTakavalaya che. keDa para adhavaane bAMdhato doraDA ghATano kaTibaMdha, DhIcaNa nIce sudhI khUlatI vanamAlA, pAdavalaya ane pAdajAlaka samagra pratimAnI suMdaratAmAM vadhAro kare che. devanA jamaNA paga pAse vAhana mUSaka joI zakAya che. gaNezanA cAra hAthamAM anukrame data, parazu, pA ane modakapAtra dhAraNa karela che. . A pratimAnI samagra ghaDatara zailImAM gaNezano DAbo paga vadhAre paDatA sthaLa batAvela che. bAkInuM ghaDatara ane alaMkaraNa dhyAnAkarSaka ane sapramANu jaNAya che. A pratimAne tenA mukhya lakSaNene dhyAnamAM letAM I. sa.nI 10 mI sadI jeTalI prAcIna mAnavI joIe. bAvakAnI gaNeza pratimA (citra-3) - bAvakA (paMcamahAla) gAmanA zivamaMdiramAM staliMkAyukta gavAkSamAM gaNezanI suMdara pratimA AvelI che. gaNeza tribhaMgamAM UbhelA che. staMbhomAMnA makaramukhamAMthI nIkaLatI padmayuktavelanA mathALe kIti mukhanuM Alekhana dhyAnAkarSaka che. staMbhanI bahAranI baMne bAjue siMhavyAla ane hastivyAsanAM zipa najare paDe che, 32] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '8-sa, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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A citra 1 : pIThAInI gaNeza pratimA citra 2 : paMcamahAlamAMnI nRtya gaNeza pratimA [citranI samajUtI mATe jue rA. ThA. sAvaliyAne lekha ] Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir

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citra 3: bAvakAnI gaNeza pratimA citra 4: zAmaLAjInI nRtya gaNeza pratimA citra 5 nagarAnI gaNeza pratimA [citronI samajUti mATe jue . ThA. sAvaliyAno lekha) Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir

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A pratimAnA gajamukha upara trikaTa mukuTa ane kapALanA bhAge padakayukta triserI mauktikanI sere nihALI zakAya che. suMDhane DAbI tarapha vALelI che. kaMThamAM pAMdaDAyukta hAra, udara para nAgabaMdha, ThaDa para traNa serI kamarabaMdha, mukatAdAma, vanamAlA tathA kaTakavalaya ane pagamAM kallAM temaja pAlaka dhAraNa karela che. devanA DAbA paga pAse vAhana mUSaka lADu ArogatA jaNAya che. gaNezanA caturbhujamAM parikramAkrame jaMta, parazu, padma ane modakapAtra dhAraNa karela joI zakAya che. kalAzailInI dRSTie A pratimA I. sa.nI 11 mI sadInI pratIta thAya che. zAmaLAjInI kRtya gaNeza pratimA (citra 4) che zAmaLAjI(tA. bhiloDA, sA. kAM.)mAM Avela viSNumaMdiranA pazcima taraphanA maMDovarane mukhya gavAkSamAM nRtya karatA gaNezanI nayanaramya pratimA AvelI che. pApITha para DAbo paga Tekavelo che. jamaNo paga nRtya mudrAmAM upara uThAvela che. bhAre zarIra hovA chatAM nRtyanI aMgabhaMgIo AkarSaka che. nRtyanI tallInatAmAM gajamukha cheka DAbI bAju namAvI dIdhuM che. nRtya sAthe tAla ApatAM vAvo aneruM AkarSaNa jamAve che. devanAM jamaNu vALelA paga nIce mayUranRtyamudrAmAM nihALAtI mRdaMgavAdinInA agamareDa samagra nRtyanI parAkASThA darzAve che. DAbI bAju vINA ane macharA sAthe nRtyamAM tAla purAvatI be strI AkRtio najare paDe che. gaNezane trinetra che. mastake kirITa mukuTa, mukha para prasannatAne bhAva che. sUMDha DAbI tarapha vALela che. zarIra para dhAraNa karela mauktikanA alaMkArone nRtyane lIdhe Apela jhola nRtyanI gati batAve che. sarSane udarabaMdha spaSTa najare paDe che. gaNeza pabhuja che. jamaNu be hAthamAM daMta ane parazu che. upalA baMne hAtha nRtya mudrAmAM kalAtmaka rIte vALelA che. nRtyane bhAva rajU karatI aMgu lionA vaLAMka zilpInA nRtya vizenA jJAnane sAkAra kare che. DAbA be hAthamAM padma ane modakapAtra dhAraNa karelAM che. gujarAtamAMthI prApta gaNezanI anya nRtya pratimAomAM A pratimA judI tarI Ave che. samagra pratimAmAM nRtyanI gati ane talInatA, ghaDatara zailI ane mauktikanA alaMkAranI pracuratA tathA dehanI aMgabhaMgIo siddhahasta kalAkAranI siddhi batAve che. A pratimA. I. sa.nI 11 mI sadI jeTalI prAcIna che. nagarAnI gaNeza pratimA (citra 5) khaMbhAtathI 3 ki. mI. uttaramAM Avela nagarA gAmanA brahmAjInA maMdiramAM sapheda ArasamAM kaMDArela gaNezanI pratimA AvelI che. goLa alaMkRta takiyA AkAranA UMcA Asana para gaNeza lalitAsanamAM birAjelA che. jamaNA laTakatA pagane padma para Tekavela che. gaja mastake nA mukuTa ane AgaLanA bhAge khetInI be sera bAMdhelI che. karNamAM uparanA bhAge motInI saLaMga serane alaMkAra najare paDe che. kaMThamAM pAMdaDAyukta hAra, maNiyukta bAjubaMdha, kaMkaNa aga nAmane udarabaMdha joI zakAya che. ahI: pagamAM koI ja AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karela nathI. sUDhane udara para TekavIne goLa vaLAMka Apela che. jemAM modakanuM Alekhana spaSTa nihALI zakAya che. caturbhuja devanA hAthamAM anukrame ti, paraza, khaMDita ane modakapAtra dhAraNa karela che. gujarAtanI gaNeza pratimAo : keTalIka navIna upalabdhio ] [ : For Private and Personal Use Only

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gaNeza pratimAnI sAdI paDatara rolI ane mukha paranA saumya bhAva tathA lArAnI zailIne laIne A pratimAne I. sa.nI 12 mI sadI jeTalI prAcIna gaNlRvI jeIe. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir pATIpa 1. Alice Getty, GANESA: Monograph on the Elephant Faeed God, Oxford, 1936; Haridas mitra, GANAPATI, Visva-Bharati Annals, Vol. VIII, Calcutta; Gopinath Rao. Elements of Hindu Iconography, Vol. I, Pat I, 1944, pp. 35-407; 4. bhA. ve, 'gujarAtanuM mUrtividhAna,' pU. 149-156; priyabhALA grADa, hindu mUrti vidhAna', 1974, pR. 3-16; kiArIlAla kAThArI, videzamAM zrI vinAyaka pUna,' 'pathika,' varSa 17. Akaro nave. 1977, pR. 6 } . R. N. Mehta, 'A few GANES'A Images from Gujarat,' ''Bulletin of the Barola Messon and Picture Gallery, Vol. V, 19474-45, pp. 23-27; U. P. Sunh, Sculptures from sayaji and Roda, p. 91, Fig. 55; "kumAra" (kalA aMka), 5', 38ra, AkaTo. 1955, pR. 387; hasamukha sAMkaLiyA, purAtattvamAM gujarAta,' pR. 15-57: yu. pI. zAha, "svAdhyAya," pR. 11, 1973, pR. 94; praphulla rAvala, 'sihAranI gaNeza pratimA', "svAcyAya," pR. 17, AMka 3, 1980, pR. 278-9: hiralAla gaudAnI, 'mahAgujarAtanAM zilpa-sthApatya,' pR. 168; ravi RjaranIsa, 'zAmaLAjInI hiMnnuja gaNeza pratimA : samayAMkana ane vicAraNA,' ''pathika," jAnyu-phebru. 1994, pR. 22-23, 'koTezvaranI virala zakti gaNeza pratimA", "pathika," ATA-nave. 1985, pU. 1000-102 For Private and Personal Use Only { sAmIpsa : eprila, '3-sapTe., dha

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haSa~caritanA kartA khANanA bhAvaka vadha kamalezakumAra je. saMsI mahAkavi bANe saMskRtanA gadyasAhityane kAdambarI ane harSacarita ema be kRtinI bheTa dharI che. gadyakAvyanA nirdhArita thayelA e prakAro-kathA ane AkhyAyikA-nA A mejoDa namUnA che meM suprasiddha hakIkata che. kathA ane AkhyAyikA bannemAM ajamAvelI svapratibhAe bANane puSkaLa yajJanA bhAgI batAvyA che. sa`skRta sAhityanA vizALa samudAye emanI 'kavitva zaktinA guNagAna gAyA che, paNa A sikkAnI eka bAju che, jyAre khIjI bAju e che ke kAdambarI ane harSacarita banne kRtio mATe zabdakAThinya, bhASA gUMthaNI ke kathArasanI khUba ja ochI gatine laIne bANunI TIkA thaI che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir vebara jevA pAzcAtya vidvAna bAnA gadyane eka evA du mana gala tarIke oLakhAve che. ke jemAM AgaLa vadhavuM azakaya hAya che; pravAsIe peAte ja pAtAnA rastA karI levAnA haiAya che, ane AvA ja MgalamAM jema hiMsaka prANIothI bhaya raNa kare che, tema ahI sAmAsika padothI vAcakane bhaya rahyA kare che. prA. Ara. DI. karamArakara jevA bhAratIya vidvAnane paNa A AkSepa aMta: rAgya jaNAyA che.2 Ama khAne mATe sAhityarasikAmAM be bhinna bhinna prakAranI lAgaNI pravale che. ahI AApaze A banne lAgaNIonI bANunA haSa~caritanA sandarbhamAM sarmIkSA karIzuM ane tenAM kAraNAmA paNa vicAra karIzuM. sau prathama A viSe bANabhaTTane tapAsatAM jaNAya che ke te potAnI kRtie paratve'UbhA thavArA kArDiyadoSa ane ene lIdhe thanArA potAnA apayazathI sabhAna che, kAdambanI vAta javA daIe, te paNa kama se kama carita mATe te A vAta ghaNI ja sAcI che. khANuM haSa castinA ArabhamAM ja zAbhA ke prasiddhi pAmanArI AkhyAyikA kevI haoNya, e agene pAtAnA mata rajU karatAM kahe che ke sukhaprabodhalalitA suvarNaghaTanojjvalaiH / zabdarAkhyAyikA bhAti zayyeva pratipAdakaiH || 3 aneka sthaLe jema bANu zleSanI yeAjanA mUke che, tema ahIM paNa zleSanI yeAjanA dvArA AkhyAyikA viSe peAtAneA mata jaNAvyA che. temanA mate jo suvaNuM (= jevI mUlyavAna dhAtu)thI + saMskRta vibhAga, bhASAsAhitya bhavana, guja. yuni., amadAvAdanA upakrame AyeAjita 'kathA ane AkhyAyikA' vizenA parisaMvAda(8-9 phebruArI,' 94)mAM vAMcelA lekha. vyAkhyAtA, sa'skRta vibhAga, bhASA sAhitya bhavana, guja. yuni., amadAvAda- haSa caratanA bAhunA karyAM bhAvaka va] For Private and Personal Use Only [ 35

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banAvela DAIne ujjavala pAyA vALI ane (zayana pUru thatAM) sukhapUrvaka jemAM nagaraNu thaI zake evI lalita hAya, teA ja zayyA praza'sAne pAtra banI zake, ema AkhyAyikA paN suMdara akSarAnI gUcaNIne lIdhe ujjavala banelI, arthAMnuM pratipAdana karanArA zabdothI racAyelI ane saralatAthI samAI jAya, tevA lalita vAkayA-zabdovALI hAya, tA ja prazaMsAne pAtra banI zake che. AnA spaSTa atha e thayeA ke AkhyAyikAmAM bhASAkIya kAThinya hAya, ke bhAre sAmAsika racanAte lIdhe bhASA durgaMdha hAya, tA tevI AkhyAyikAnI prazaMsA ke khyAtine meTA avakAza rahete nI. ema bANabhaTTa pote jANe che, ane sAvadhAnatApUrvaka ha`ritanA AraMbhe ja AvuM uccAre che. A paristhitimAM ha`caritanI pharI ekavAra samIkSA karavAnuM prApta thAya che. bANune zabdonA jaMgalanA nirmAtA jAhera karIe, e pahelAM keTalIka viziSTa bAbate tarapha dhyAna dharavuM jarUrI che; te sivAya bANune sAce nyAya ApavA muzkela che. prathama bAbata te e che ke dareka kRti tenA jamAnAnA pracalita AdarzAthI anivArya rIte prabhAvita thaI jatI heAya che, bANunA je samayagALA che, temAM gadya mATe ala kArapradhAna bhASAnA samAdara thatA, tA. vaLI samAsanI adhikatA e r gadyane prANa mAnavAmAM AvatA. AthI ja daNDIe kahevuM paDayuM ke "bona: samAsamUyavamatat Adyastha vitamU |''4 have je jamAnAmAM eja ane samAsasUyattva e gadyanA prANa manAtA hoya, teA te jamAnAnA yaza cAhanAra evA kayA kavi haze, ke je e bannenI upekSA karI zake? khIjI bAbata e che ke paMcataMtra jevA khUba ja saraLa gadyanI apekSAe caritanA gadyane ApaNe bhale kilaSTa mAnIe; ane evA AkSepa karIe ke sukhaprodha lalitA ema kahIne AkhkhAyikAnI prasiddhi mATe je apekSAe bANe peAte svIkArI che; tenI harSoMcaritamAM upekSA karI che. pa hakIkata e che ke kAThinya hAya ke saraLatA e teA sApekSa che, kAIkanI apekSAe kAI kaThina hAI zake ane e ja kaThina vastu kAI anyanI apekSAe saraLa hAI zake. mAnI AkhyAyikA evA hucaritanA gadya mATe paNu Avu ja che. je jamAnAmAM samAsakruratAvALA ane ejasvI lekhanane ja gadyakAvya tarIke mAnyatA maLatI, evA jamAnAmAM kAi bIjo kavi prayAje, enA karatAM bANe ha caritamAM dhaNuM saraLa gadya prayAyu che. gadyane kilaSTa banAvavAmAM jema samAseA nimitta bane che, tema sandhikA paNa agatyanA bhAga bhajave che. emAMya vaLI jo prasandhi prayAAya, teA gadya hAya ke pachI padya hoya, kilaSTa banI jatuM hAya che. A uparAnta sAmAsika padomAM paNa jyAre avRddhi prayAjavAnA avasareA AvyA kare, te tyAM bhAre bhASA kAThinya sajAya che. harSacaritanA gadyamAM bANu AvI sa Mbhavita kilaSTatAone dUra rAkhI zakayA che, e ApaNe joI zakIe chIe.pa trIjI bAbata che hacaritanA bhAvaka vaganI. khANunA gadya viSe phariyAda karatI vakhate e gadyanA bhAvaka varganI sadaMtara upekSA thaI che; e paNa ahIM teAMdhavu' joIe. AthI paNa bhANune apazayanA bhAgI thavuM paDayu che, je bANa AkhyAyikA mATe saraLa gadya yeAjavAnI AvazyakatA upara bhAra mUkatA hoya, e ja bANu bhArekhama bhASA vAparatA hoya, tA temanI potAnI paristhitine ApaNe khyAla rAkhavA joi e; jema ke-ha'carita-ke jenuM viSaya vastu kAlpanika temaja bhUtakAlika at ] [ sAmIpsa : eprila, '97-sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Acharya Shri Kailassagarsur Gyanmandir nathI. balake siddha hakIkato upara AdhArita ane bANane mATe vartamAnakAlika che, temAM judA judA tabakke pitAnI AsapAsanA samAjano eTale ke bhAvaka vargane paricaya bANa Ape ja che. jema ke (f) ...sati rAvariMchane vicANasa je irnirajAt II jyAre gharethI dezATana mATe bANa nIkaLyA, tyAre temanA parivAramAM- (jIvana parvata) tUTe nahI te vidyopArjanane avakAza kAyama hatA. (kha)... svabhAvagambhIradhIdhanAni vidagdhamaNDalAni ca gAhamAnaH punarapi tAmeva vaiSazcitImAtmavazocitAM prakRtimabhajat / mahatazca kAlAttameva bhUyo vAtsyAyanava zAzramamAtmano janmabhuvam braahmgaanivAsamamatu - ahI jaNAvyA pramANe dezATana vakhate-vidvAnonI maMDaLIomAM gaLADUba raheto, te pharIthI pitAnA vaMzane ucita evI vidvatApUrNa prakRtine pAmyA-" e pachI pharIthI te vAsyAyanavaMzanA bhAzrama ane brAhmaNonA adhivAsa evI pitAnI janmabhUmimAM pAcho pharyo. (ga) ...zukasArikArabdhAdhyayanadIyamAnopAdhyAyavizrAntisukhAni sAkSAttrayI tapovanAnIva ciradRSTAnA. mbAndhavAnAmprIyamANo bhramanbhavanAni bANaH sukhamatiSThatam / ...popaTa ane menAe zarU karelA adhyApanathI tyAM upAdhyAyone vizrAmanuM sukha ApavAmAM AvatuM-Abha (brAhmaNadhivAsanA bhavano, jANe sAkSAta vedatrayAtmaka tapovana jevAM hatAM. A traNeya sthaLAne jotAM jaNAya che ke bANa gharano tyAga karI dezATana mATe nIkaLyA, tyAre parivAramAM avichina vidyA prasaMga hato, paNa ghara choDayuM eTale e vidyA prasaMga paNa chUTayo Ama chatAM dezATana daramyAna pote vidarbhaDaLInA Azraye pitAnA vaMzane anurUpa vidvattAne e pAmyA. e pichI ghare pAchA pharyA tyAre paNa tyAM vidyA prasaMga pahelAMnI jema anavarata cAlI rahyo hato. ATalI bAbato dhyAnamAM rAkhIne have trIjA uchavAsa upara najara karIe. trIjA uchavAsanA AraMbha bhAgamAM bANe paurANika zailI prayojI che. purANomAM jema koI vastu ke vigata mATe amuka vyakti pharamAyaza kare, ane enI e pharamAyaza pUrI karavA kathAkAra kathAvastune pIrase, e rIte ahI 'paNa jamA karavAmAM AvI che. bANa harSavardhananI pratyakSa mulAkAta laIne brAhmaNadhivAsamAM pAchA ryA che. ghaNA divasa pachI bhegA thayelA kauTuMbikajanonA kuzaLatAnA samAcAronI Apa-le thaI gayA pachI IrAdApUrvaka bANe purANapAThane prasaMga khaDe karyo che. purANapATha daramyAna bANanA samAja ane parivAranA aneka nAnA moTA svajano upasthita che. temAMthI bAjunA pitarAIo paikInA eke dabANe jenI pratyakSa mulAkAta lIdhI che, tevA samrATa harSanuM carita saMbhaLAvavA prArthanA karI che. e pachI keTalIka vigato ApIne bIjA divasathI harSacarita saMbhaLAvavAno AraMbha thAya che. , ahIM khUba ja cAturya ane sAvadhAnIthI bANe potAnA athavA ema kaho ke harSacaritanA zrAvaka-bhAvaka vagane khyAla Ave che. jenA mukhathI harSacarita saMbhaLAvavAno prastAva prApta thayo che, ane jemanI sAme vANI prayoga karavAnuM che, te A prakAranA loko che : hicaritanA katAM bANane bhAvaka vaga]. [ 37 For Private and Personal Use Only

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... bANasya catvAraH pitAmahamukhapadmA iva bedAbhyAsapavitritamUrtayaH upAyA iva sAmaprayogala litamukhAH gaNapatiradhipatistArApatiH zyAmala iti pitRvyaputrA bhrAtaraH prasannavRttayo gRhItavAkyAH kRtagurupadanyAsI' nyAyavedinaH sukRtasaMgrahAbhyAsaguravo labdhasAdhuzabdA loka iva vyAkaraNe'pi sakalapurANarAjarSicaritA mijJAH, mahAbhArata bhAvitAtmAnaH, viditasakaletihAsAH, mahAvidvAMsaH, mahAkavayaH, mahApuruSavRttAntakutUhalinaH subhA pitazravaNarasa rasAyanAvitRSNAH, vayasi vacasi yazasi tapasi mahasi vapuSi yajuSi ca prathamAH pUrvameva kRtasaGkarAH vivakSayaH smitasudhAdhavalitakapolodarAH parasparasya mukhAni vyalokayan // ahI' keTalAMka vizeSaNA evAM che ke je zvetRvaCnI lAyakAtane jAhera kare che, emanA abhyAsa uparathI e svata : spaSTa che ke emanA bhASAviSayaka keTale U`Do abhyAsa che. jema ke 1. vRddItavAyA: arthAt uccarita vAkayanA arthAMnuM grahaNa karI zake tevA; 2. nRtanuMvanyAsA: arthAt jemaNe sumanta ane tirunta padAnA guru=bhAre ane athavA ghaNI prayAgA karyAM che, tevA; 3. suzrutasa'prahAmyAnurava: arthAt sArI rIte taiyAra karyAM che vyADikRta 'saMgraha' nAmanA granya jemaNe; ane ethI upAdhyAya banyA che jeo, te. 4. pasApurA--A: cheAda va yAranevi arthAt leAka(vyavahAra)mAM jemane sAdhu (dhanyavAda 3 abhinandana paraka atha mAM) zabdanI prApti thaI che; tevI ja rIte vyAkaraNamAM paNa sAdhu (arthAt vyAkaraNa sauMmata) zabdonI prAptivALA; 5. mahAvidrAMsa:, mahAlaya: arthAt meTA viThThAtA ane moTA kavio-evA. khANu jemanI AgaLa hu carita sabhaLAvavA beThA che, temanu vidyAkIya stara A pramANenu' che. athavA ema kaho ke A staranA bhAvakava` mATe bANu ha`carita lakhI rahyA che. bANunA samayamAM Aje prApta evu purANu sAhitya pracAramAM hatuM. emAM paurANika AkhyA sAdI-saraLa bhASAmAM che. ane ethI ja sAmAnya prajAjanane mATe paNa e AsvAdya banyu` che. Aje paurANika AkhyAna sAdI-saraLa bhASAmAM lakhAtuM AvyuM che, te niMdjjanabhAgya bhASAmAM utAravAmAM Ave, ane sAthe sAthe e eTaluM ja AsvAdya ' paNa banI rahe, evA gRhIta sAthe bANu harita lakhe che. upara joyuM te bhAvakavatuM varNana svAbhAvika nathI. AkhyAyikA tarIkenA svarUpanuM nirdhAraNa thAya, e mATe Ane sthAna apAyu' che. ema kahevAtA te kAI prasaMga ja nathI kema ke AkhyAyikAnAM lakSaNaiA tema pAchaLathI nakakI thayAM che. teA vaLI, kathAvastune upakAraka evuM kaI bIja paNa ahIM nathI, ke jene AgaLa cAlIne vikAsa sadhAya hAya, ane kathAvastumAM vega ' Avye heya. A sthitimAM e sahaja rIte phalita thAya che ke A vaNunathI bANu spaSTa karavA mAMge che ke mArI kRtinA AsvAda mANavA mATe AvI-AvI bhAvayitrI pratibhA heAvI joIe. ema kahI zakIe ke saMskRtanA vividha zAstragraMtheAnA ArbhamAM 'anukha dhatuSTaya' eTale ke viSaya, prayeAjana, adhikArI ane sabaMdha e cAra bAbateAnI vicAraNA karavAmAM AvatI haiAya che; tema ahIM ha`ritamAM paNa lekhaka mahAkavi bhANe pappAnI kRtinA AsvAka adhikAra ene,' bhAvaka va'tA ApaNane paricaya ApI dIdhA che. 38 ] [ sAmIpsa : eprila, '93-sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pAdaTIpa 1. ...in Short, Banas prose is an Indian wood, where all progress is rendered impossible by the undergrowth until the traveller cuts out a path for himself and where, even then he has to reckon with malicious wild beasts in the shape of unknown words that affright him.--Peterson's Introduction to craft, B. S.S; p. 38 2 ... You are in a position to pass through the wood, not certainly without scratches here and there, but without any serious damage to speak of-Bana, by Karmarkar, R. D; Karnataka University, Dharwar, 1964, pp. 69-70 3. harSacarita, sa. pI. vI. kANe, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI, saMskaraze bIja, 1965, 5. 2 (prastAvanA, leka 20) 4. kAvyAdaza, 1-80 5. AnAM udAharaNe ApavAM saMbhava nathI, tema AMzika phakarAo noMdhIne udAharano AbhAsa cha karavA e paNa vAjabI nathI. Ama chatAM eTaluM sUcavavAnuM ke bIjA gAne, are khuda kAdambarInA gavane paNa be cAra pAnA sudhI harSacaritanA gadyanI sAthe uparyukta draSTie sarakhAvIzuM, te A vAta sahaja rIte jaNAI Avaze. 6. harSacarita, ucchavAsa 1, pR. 19 7. ejana, pR. 20 pahelA ucachavAsane anete). da. ejana, pR. 2 (bIjA.ucchavAsane anta) da, ejana, pR. 40 (trIje ucchavAsanA AMrabhamAM) harSacaritanA katAM bANune bhAvaka vaga] For Private and Personal Use Only

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daDi-prayukta abhinava, alpaprayukta zabdo gItA mahetA gadyakAra DI chaThThI sadInA uttarArdhathI sAtamI sadInI vacce thaI gayelA che. teo vaidabhI rItinA anuyAyI che ane bhASA prayogamAM nipuNa che. temanI bhASA jaTilatA ane vistAra doSathI mukta che. abhivyaktinI yathArthatA, arthanI spaSTatA, zabdAbarane abhAva ane padanuM lAlitya temanI vizeSatA che. daDIo "dazakamAracarita" nAmanI kathA ane AkhyAyikAnA mizra lakSaNone dharAvatI kRtinI racanA karI che. "dazakumAracarita' upara "pacandrikA," "bhUSaNa' ane 'laghudIpikA' TIkA maLe che. TIkAkArone "dazakumAracarita'mAM da2DIe prayojelA zabdone samajAvavA mATe lagabhaga 41 kozanI ke kezakAronI madada levI paDI che. jema ke, (1) ratnakoza (2) amarakeza (3) vaijayaMtIkAza () hArAvalI (5) mahIpa (6) vizva (7) bhAguri (8) zAzvata (9) gurucaraNa (10) haijA (15) kozasAra (12) ajaya (13) mahIdhara (14) kezava (15) bhAva (16) 22nahAra (17) divAkara (18) bApAlita (19) utpala (20) sajajana (21) nidAna (22) bhIma (23) medinI (24) mAgadhaparibhASA (25) bhAskarAcArya (26) vAlmaTa (27) yAjJavalkaya (28) cANakya (29) varAhamihira (30) bhAvamizra (31) mana (32) bhagavadagItA (33) kalkatatra (34) vararuci (35) kAmaka (36) vAsyAyana (37) halAyudha (38) nighaTTa (39) pANini (40) bharata (41) hemacandra haraDIe je abhinava ke apaprayukta zabda ApyA che, tene bhAguri nAmanA kezakAranI madada dvArA ahI vimarza karavAmAM Avyo che. daraDIe projelA abhinava zabda joIe te pahelAM bhAguri viSe upalabdha mAhitI jANI levI joIe.' bhAgurimAM zrayamANa taddhitapratyaya anusAra bhAgurinA pitAnuM nAma "bhagura' pratIta thAya che. bhAgarikRta keSanuM nAma "triANa' hatuM. temaNe keza grantha uparAMta brAhmaNagrantha, alaMkAra granya tema ja sAMkhyadarzanabhASya paNa ApyA che. jo ke A badhA granthonA pravaktA eka ja bhAguri che ke bhinna bhinna te ajJAta che. zAkamAracarita'mAM daDIe keTalAka abhinava ane a5prayukta zabdono prayoga karyo che jene bhAgurinI madada dvArA samajavA prayAsa karIzuM, * "bhASA bhavana' guja. yuni, saMskRta vibhAga kathA ane AkhyAyikAnA seminAra vakhate vaMcAyela zodhapatra. + vyAkhyAtA, saMskRta vibhAga, naroDA ArTasa koleja, amadAvAda [ sAmIpya : eprila, "-sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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(1) prathama ucchvAsa 'rAjavAhanacarita'nA aMtabhAgamAM dhanamitranA vaNuMna prasaMge jaNAve che ke"anntrN ca kazcitkarNa kAragAraH kuruvindasavarNa kuntalaH kamalakeAmalapANipAda... kRzAkRzodarezaraH sthala: kRtahastatayA......'ayameva sa devA rAjavAhanaH' iti prAJjaliH praNamyApahAravarmaNi niviSTa dRSTirAcaSTA arthAt 'tyArabAda kaNikAranI samAna zveta, kuruvinda samAna kezavALA, kamaLa jevA kAmaLa kara-pAda jevA...... zAdara ane vizALa ura :sthaLavALA zikSita hastI......'A te ja mahArAja rAjavAhana che ema aMjaliyukta praNAma karI apahAravarmAne ekITaze jotA elye.' ahIM 'vRta:' nA'zikSita'ja evA artha karavAmAM Avye che. zrI ApTenA kAzamAM 'nRta' teA aya (1) kkSa, catura, kuzaLa, paTTa ane (2) dhanuvidyAmAM kuzaLa evA karavAmAM AvyeA che. amarakASamAM 'vRntiH suyaeNAvicitra vratanu vatta ApyA che. meAniyara viliyame taH 'nA matha` zikSita:' evA ApyA nathI. dazakumAracarita upastI 'pacandrikA' ane lalludIpikA'mAM 'ta' nA 'zikSita' atha` bhAgurie karyAM che. daNDIne zikSita keLavAyela evA atha kevaLa bhAyurinI madadathI prApta thAya che. je alpaprayukta che. vaLI dUlhI A dvArA padalAlitya paNa sAdhI zakyA che. jemakevRSNo :tharuvRtahtA........ (2) prathama ucchvavAsamAM aMte A ja kathAnaka AgaLa vadhatAM dhanamitra ane apahAravarmAnA saMvAda prasaMge, 'jo koI Apatti na hoya te aMgarAja (siMhavarmA)ne bandhanamAMthI cheDAvI sainya ane savArIne ekatra karI ApaNA pakSe rahelA A kSatriya samUhanI sAthe, ekAMtamAM sukhapUrvaka kheThelA mahArAjanI sevAmAM upasthita thAva" ema apahAravAM kahe che, tyAM sAyaM ni macca anyanA namavani ta va vegavAnameyAmA@La muna.........ti ema kahyu` che. ahIM kAza'nA artha anI' sainya karavAmAM AvyA che. amarakASamAM 'kAza' zabdanA puSpakaLA, talavAranI myAna, khAneA ane divya artha thAya che: zrI ApTenA kezamAM A uparAMta bIjA 18 arzI ApyA che. paNa kAzanA atha sainya ApyA nathI. maeNmyuniyara viliyame paNa A artha ApyA nathI. 'bhUSaNA' ane 'laghudIpikA'mAM bhAgurinA kAzamAM anI atha paNu ApyA che. daNDInA samayamAM ane samAjamAM ja AvA atha pracalita haze ema kahI zakAya. athavA emaNe pote ja AvA zabdo pahelavahelA prayeAjyA haze. emAMthI je kAMI hAya, paNa dRNDI zabda svAmitvane pradazita kare che. (3) dvitIya ucchvAsa 'apahAravarmAMcarita'nA ArabhamAM alaukika daSTivALA mahaSi marIci mAM che? tenA javAbamAM tapasvI kahe che ke, 'gAmIttAdaze munisminnAzrame / tameTA jhAmamArI nAmA purIvata sathAnIyA vAyudyate...ariTa| arthAt "A AzramamAM evA RSi hatA. eka vAra a purInI zirAmaNu kAmamaJjarI nAmanI vaizyAe...praNAma karyAM. ahI" 'vrata sthAnIyA nA athara rimUjaLap' karyAM che. 'vata'sasthAnIyA mAM vRSTi mAtturiyAra sTepa: / 10 vaiyAkaraNunikAyamAM atyanta prasiddha evA bhAgurinA pUrvokta niyamane dhyAnamAM laIne dazmi-yukta abhinava, alpaprayukta zabdo ] [1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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daraDIe 'mA' upasarganA ane lopa karyo che tethI makapurI vata'sa evo samAsa banI zakyo che, Ama daDIe bhAguri prokta niyamanI madadathI mArI+mavata' mAM su LAi sUtravihita sazvina Adara nahi karatAM, bhAgurinA niyamane puraskAryA che.11 () dvitIya ucchavAsamAM ja kathAnaka AgaLa vadhatAM vArayuvatinA dhana prApta karavAnA upAya batAvatAM......nitya naimittitilAyajAtiya dutAidAnAM naSNadhanAnA riSadama...mAM 'padacandrikA' bhUSaNa" ane "laghudIpikA'mAM udadhRta bhAgurinA nAme asthAnAm munAjU artha Apyo che. 12 arthAta "viTa' puruSa e artha darzAvyo che, amarakoSa'mAM prArzva jaLyuM samarar"3 ema kahyuM che. AnA kezamAM paNa bALamunaH" e artha maLato nathI. "viTa'nA arthamAM A zabdano prayoga karanAra daDI prathama jaNAya che. vyAkaraNathI sammata artha je javA yogya vyakti tenAthI taddana viparIta vyakti viTa'ne mATe daDIe A zabda prayoje che. () tutIya ucchavAsa upahAravAmacarita mAM upahAravama karatA karatA videha rAjyamAM pahoMce che. tyAM tapasvinIne jue che tenI madada laI rANIvAsanA samAcAra jANI vikaTavamAMne mArI nAMkhavA jALa bichAve che, te prasaMgamAM upahArava tapasvina(dhAva mAtA)ne pUche che, "mA, mUrkha vikaTavamanA rANIvAsanA samAcAra jANe che ne?" "anna, nAma vaTavA rikanta:kuvavRttAntabhijaanaasi iti / / 4 ahIM pacandrikAmAM noMdhyuM che ke bhAgurie "ranAmAne ema artha Apyo che. 15 amarakeSa rajU na ghavene ema kahe che. mahAbhAratamAM sabhAparvamAM divaghAramAM amarakta jAmaverane artha baMdha bese che. paNa ahIM daDInA A prayogamAM prakSAne e artha ja prasaMgacita che. je bhAgurinI madadathI ja spaSTa thAya che. anyathA je amarakeSathI prerita thaIe te dAraDInA upayukta prayAganI arthachAyA suspaSTa thAya tema nathI. Ama da2DIe mahAbhArata purANathI jadI rIte arthAt "vita' zabdane bhAguranA mata mujaba prathA che. (1) tutIya uvAsamAM ja upahAravarmA vicAre che ke vikaTavarmAne mArI nAMkhavAnI jALa bichAvI che temAM adhikAMzata: uddeza saphaLa ja che chatAM putranAdramAM mata paNa A dhama ulavana pUjyajane (mAtA-pitA)nI mukti upAyane prayatna che. "junanariAyazvinA mavA re, vyatikramaH kRtaH tadapi pApa nitya kiyatyapi dharmakalayA mAM samagrayediti ahI pacandrikA'mAM vizva sAdhatA ema jaNAvyuM che.18 jyAre "bhUSaNa' ane 'laghudIpikA'mAM "amirijana" evo pAThabheda maLe che. 19 tyAM bhAgarie amiriSa: samona: e atha Apyo che. 20 - amidaSinA' pAThabheda laI bhANurie ApelA atha vaDe ja raDInA A zabdaprayoganI athavachAyA saspaSTa bane che. zrI vizvanAtha jhA "idhi:" pATha laIne sariSa: saTSaratA atha laI bhASAntara kare che.21 (7) aSTama uchavAsa 'vizrutacarita'mAM nItidhamaMDamAM azmaka narezane nItithI ja parAsta karI nAlIja"dha bALaka (bhAskaravarmA)ne pitAnA sthAna upara pratiSThita karavAnI pratijJA kare che. pachI bALaka bhAskamanI bhUkha dUra karavA be bANathI haraNane lIdhe che. tyAM kahyuM che ke, rAtrakRtais4 niSyatrAkRto'patat / 22 4 ] [ sAmIpya ; eprila, 'Ta-sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ahIM: "padayandrikAmAM jAne tu cha varSanuM hRti mArA ema kahyuM che. 23 prasaMgocita artha meLavavA mATe bhAgurinI madada dvArA kacchIne samajI zakAya che. upasaMhAra: Ama je zabdonA artho amarakoSa, ApTene kAza ane maniyara viliyamanA kezamAM nathI AvyA, tevA athavALA abhinava zabdone daDIe prayojyA che, ane tenI artha, chAyAo prAyaH bhArinI madadathI ja spaSTa samajI zakAya che. Ama eka gadyakAra tarIke daDInuM mUlyAMkana karIe tyAre alpa prayukta zabdone navI arthachAyAmAM prayojavAnuM kauzala paNa noMdhanIya che. . ------- pAdaTIpa 1 saMta vArA zAstra +1 tihAsa, bhAga 1, pR. 23, 24 (zrI yudhiSThira mImAMsaka), 1963, vArANasI, bhAga 2, pR. 60 thI 75 2. ejana, pR. 73 3. sAsumAravarita pR. 74. 4. zikSita tamavata ti mAHi padacandrikA-laghudIpikA, pR. 34 5. amarakeSa, 2.8.68 6. rAmAvarita, pR. 75 7. zrI ramaNe pidhAnethI ghara : amarakoSa-(0.3.221) 8. rAtrI rUma rAtre manISarthanTire rRti mAguri: "bhUSaNa," "laghudIpikA'- pu. 75 rAjumAritam, pR. 78 10. vaSTi mAgurisTemavALodavasa | mAM naiva TrasTanatAnAM vA vArA neirA vizA | vaiyAkaraNa nikAya, nyAsa 6.2.77 1. bhArinA A niyamanI khabara na hoya te ahI purNavataH | evuM pAThAntara Ape che. (rAkumAravaritam, AvRtti 1951) 12. TLAmu: "nA viraH vAldavi muvaka te mAri: "padacandrikA," "bhUSaNa,' "laghudIpikA', pR. 83 13. amarakeza, 3.1.92 14. rAmAravarita, pR. 144 15. pacandrikA, pR. 144 16. amarakoza, 3, 4, 14 17. zakumAraritam, pR. 151 18. padayandrikA, pR. 151 - 18. "bhUSaNa,'laghudIpikA, pR. 151 20. mini: samutho rUti mA muri: DharapumAra carita, pR. 151 21. rAhumArannaritam, TIkAkAra vizvanAtha jhA, pR. 91, dritIya saMskaraNa, 1972 22. ravuimAravaritam, pR. 271 23. ejana, 5. ra71 daDi-prayukta abhinava, a5prayukta zabda ] [ 4 For Private and Personal Use Only

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amadAvAda vaLAda mAhisaka 2. nA mahetA u5ma gujarAtanA etihAsika lekho, bhAga 3nA lekha naM. 214, pR. 43-44 para ahamadazAhanI bhadramAM AvelI majidanA staMbhalekhanuM vAcana ane vivecana ApyuM che, temAM saMvata 130 8 (1252 I. sa.) visaladeva vAghelAnA samayanA staMbha paranA lekhamAM mAhisAkamAM maMDapa para jAlI banAvyA ulalekha che. A lekha ke hoI tenuM AcArya gi. va e ApeluM vAcana atre rajU karyuM che. 1....[1] vata rU08 varSe...... 2. [fa] 6 vau mada mahaMta 3. mahArAjAdhirAja zrImat vIsa[la]de4. vavijayarAjye tanniyuktamahApradhA[na] 5. rAjazrI []A tathA mUtrano vA6. duM seDhavi [5] HT(da)LI vethaTe7. na zrI uttarezvaradevamaMDape jAlI 8. r[1]pitA 3padaSTa 1.[4] 5. sUtra sUmaNa 10. vA A lekhanI paMkti pamAM prathama [] ne badale [1] ane bIja vAne badale bA evAM pAThAMtare paNa sUcavyAM che. carcA A lekhanI carcA karatAM mAhisaka mATe abhiprAya atre rajU karyo che. "khAsa upayogI savAla mAhisaka jyAM hiMdu maMdira hatuM' teno upayoga mahamadazAhe masjida bAMdhavAmAM karyo hato te sthaLa oLakhavAno che. tene amadAvAdathI dUra kaI sthaLe oLakhavAnuM che. AvAM nAmavALAM traNa sthaLe che. temAM mANasa ane mesANa amadAvAdanI uttare che ane mahilA kheDA kalekaToreTa ThAsarA tAlukAmAM che. paraMtu A traNemAMthI koI paNa sthaLamAM evAM khaMDero nathI ke jenA uparathI mahamadazAhe pitAne masjida mATe tene upayoga karyo hoya evuM jANI zakAya musalamAna rAjAone sAdhAraNa rivAja evo hato ke teo hiMdu maMdirane masjida lAyaka banAvavA sAru zaNagAratA tathA jarUra pUrata ja pheraphAra karatA. je ahIM paNa evuM thayuM hoya te mAhisaka e amadAvAda pAsenuM gAma hovuM joIe ane tenuM nAma nizAna nAza pAmyuM hovuM joIe." ja nivRtta vaDA, purAtatva vibhAga, ma. sa. yunivarsiTI, vaDodarA [sAmIyuM : eprila-'93, sapTe.-- 1997. For Private and Personal Use Only

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zrI ratnamaNirAve A bAbata noMdha karI che te mujaba "... ane eka upara vi. saM. 1707 (I.sa. 1250)no mahArAjA vizaLadevanA samayano eka khaMDita lekha che paraMtu te spaSTa nathI.' - A carcA parathI mAhiSaka kayuM? e prazna vivAdAspada gaNAya. temAM gi va. AcAyela mANasA ane bhesANane amadAvAdanI uttara darzAvyAM che. ane mahisA (ji. kheDA, tA. ThAsarA) e sthaLanI noMdha karIne A bane sthaLoe prAcIna avazeSo nathI ema nepyuM che. ane "mAhisaka e amadAvAda pAsenu gAma hovuM joIe" evuM vidhAna karyuM che. temaNe ApelI kheDA jillAnA mahisAnI vigatane deva sudhAravAmAM Ave te mahIsA naDiyAda tAlukAmAM kapaDavaMja tAlukAnI sarahada paranuM gAma gaNAya. A gAmamAM brahmAjI, ukaThezvara mahAdeva Adi sthaLo ane prAcIna vastuo che tethI A mahIsA gAma staMbha lekhanuM gAma gaNuya. paraMtu sthAnika paraMparA tene mahIjI zA vANiyAe vasAveluM mAne che tethI keTalAka prazno UbhA thAya che. tene utara sthAnika purAvastunA adhyayana sivAya Apavo muzkela che. A mahIsA staMbha lekhanuM mAhisaka hovAnI saMbhAvanA mAnavA mATe sakSama che. paraMtu mahila, mAhisaka, mahesANuM Adi ghaNuM sthaLa jANItAM che. amadAvAdathI te pramANamAM dUra ane jamIna mArge joDAyeluM che. te jotAM jyAre bhadranI masjida baMdhAI tyAre tyAMthI A staMbha khaseDavAmAM Avyo haze ke koI najIkanAM sthaLethI te lAvavAmAM Avyo haze e svAbhAvika prazna upasthita thAya. A prazna para keTaloka prakAza padmapurANAntargata sAbhramatI mAhAsya phekatuM lAge che. pahApurANAntargata sAbhramatI mAhAmyanA adhyAya para mAM IndroDAnA dhavalezvaranA vana pachI bAlApindra tIrthanI kathA Ave che. A para mA adhyAyanA 33 thI 38 mAM mahIzvara tIthane ulekha che. A tIthanA vana pachI 54mA adhyAyamAM amadAvAdanAM tIrthonuM varNana Ave che. tethI bhaugolika paristhitine lIdhe A mahISezvara tIrthanI tapAsa Avazyaka gaNAya. bAlApendra tIrtha e bAlA ane munI kathA Ape che, sthaLa-nAma pramANe bAlApa e valAdanuM saMskatikaraNa ke paurANika nAma hovAnuM tenA indroDA ane amadAvAda vaccenA sthAna parathI samajAya che. A bAlApa athavA vaLAda tIrtha nadInI bhekhaDa para hoI te valA, valasADa, ke vAleDa jevA bhekhaDa paranAM gAmanA arthasUcaka nAma dharAvatAM sthaLa-nAmonA varganuM nAma hoI te nadInI tenA sthaLanI vizeSatA darzAve che. * A vaLAdamAM sUryanI upAsanA sUcaka sUrya pratimA, sapta mAtRkAnI upAsanA darzaka mAtrImaMdira, ane zava para parAnA sacavAyelA avazeSa sUcaka caMDanI, paraMtu jAbAlaRSine nAme oLakhAtI zipa kati che. A sAthe jaina tIrthakaronI pratimA A sthaLanI AbAdI darzAve che. vaLAdanA brAhmaNo vaLAdarAne nAme oLakhAya che, tathA poravADa vaNikanI ISTa devI mAtrI maMdiramAM che. vaLAda e mahatvanuM sthAnaka hatuM tenI AjubAju sattaramI sadImAM kiTale bAMdhavAmAM AvyA hatA. A sthaLe mahISezvaranuM varNana purANamAM hAI mahIpezvaranuM tIrthe amadAvAda pAse hatuM. bhekhaDa para te hoya te te utkaMThezvara paNa jaNAya. upasaMhAra Ama mahIsA ane vaLAda bannemAM purAvastuvidyAnI daSTie mAhisaka gaNavAnAM pramANa che. tethI amadAvAdanI masjidane staMbha kayAMthI Avyo e prazna upasthita thAya che. sAmAnyataH musalamAna amadAvAda vaLa mAhisaka] [45 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pAtAnA vijaya pachI je te sthaLe upAsanAnA sthaLa tarIke jUnA upAsanAnAM sthaLAne pheraphAra karIne upayAga karatA heAvAnA pramANA siddhapura, bharUca Adi dhaNAM sthAe che. temAM jUnI imAratA ke imAratI mAlA upayoga sAmAnya hatA. te rivAjanI najare amadAvAda vasyuM te pahelAnA A sthaLe AvelA nagara AzAvala ane luptaprAya karNAvatI uparAMta AjubAjunI imAratAnA kATamAlane upayoga thayA hAvAneA mata ApI zakAya. A matamAM mAhisakanA sthaMbhanuM sthAna tapAsa karatAM mahIsAnuM aMtara Azare 80 kilemITarathI koIka dUra gaNAya, jyAre vaLAnuM aMtara Azare vIsa kilemITara jeTalu' ane sAbaramatI nadInA pravAha para hAvAthI mAlanI heraphera karavA mATe vadhu najIka tathA te vakhatanI rAjakIya paristhitimAM vadhAre anukULa gaNAya e bAbata dhyAnamAM levAnI jarUra UbhI thAya. jo paMdaramI sadInI rAjakIya paristhiti tathA bhaugolika paristhitine dhyAnamAM levAmAM Ave, ane paurANika para parA para bhAra mUkavAmAM Ave teA vaLAda pAsenA mahIyezvara tInA dAvA majabUta gaNAya. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir A dRSTie mahIsAnI sthApanAnI kathA ane tyAMnI paurANika paraMparAnA abhAva e e bAdhaka pramANeA, tathA lAMSu attara ane rAjakIya paristhiti paNu AvA ja nikhalapakSa banatAM dekhAya che, tethI amadAvAdanI masjidanA staMbha lekhanAM mAhisakane vaLAdanA mahIyezvara tarIke gaNuvAnA pakSa kaIka vadhu baLavAna che. A carcA parathI paurANika paraMparAnI vizvasanIyatAne paNa mahattvanA muddA UbhA thAya che. paurANika para parA ghaNI prAcIna che. tethI temAM jUnA aMze, jUnA azeAnA navAM sthaLAe thayelA upayAga, navA azAnA umerA, sthAnika banAvAnA paurANika paddhatie abraTana jevI aneka bAbAne samAveza thayA haiAya che. temAM vistRta hakIkatAnu` kalpanAne baLe navuM atha dhaTana paNa jovA maLe che. AvA vaividhyane lIdhe tathA paurANika para parA e eka sAhitya sarjananI zAMkhI pravRtti che e bAbatanA asvIkAra karIne badhAM purANA dhaNAM jUnAM che ema mAnavAnI vRttine lIdhe tenI para du'kSa ApavAmAM Ave che kAraNa ke upalaka daSTie mAnava dharmanuM sArI sthaLa-kALamAM vana karavAnI AjanI itihAsAlekhananI paddhatine te anukULa lAgatAM nathI. paraMtu itihAsa mUlagata padA ane vANInA sAdhaneAthI aMtamAM banelA banAvAnA adhaTanamAM zaiSavat anumAnane! AdhAra rAkhatI mAnasika prakriyA che. temAM purANA mUlagata sAdhana sAmagrI che. tenu adhyayana karIne tenI paripATI samajavAthI vividha sthaLa-kALamAM banelI aneka ghaTanA para A sAdhana sArA prakAza pheMke e bAbata nivivAda hAI A sAdhananI UpekSA karavAthI aitihAsika adhyayana kSatipU rahevAnA sa`bhava che. pATIpa 1. snamaNirAva joTa, 'gujarAtanuM pATanagara amadAvAda, pR. 575 2. carotara sarvasaMgraha, bhAga 1, pR. 189 46 ] (sAmIpya : eprila, '93-sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAtanA abhilekhAmAM sUryamaMdiranA nirdeze kriznA pre. pacAlI gujarAtamAM sUrya prajAnI prAcInatAnA vyApa NeA vistRta rahyo che. jenuM utkRSTa udAharaNa meADherAnuM sUryaMma dira che. sUryapUjAnI zarUAta kudaratI tattvA paikInA prakAza ApanAra, ThaMDI dUra karanAra, pASaNakartA vagere aneka guNNA heAva!nA kAraNe thaI hatI. para Mtu jema jema samaya vItatA gaye tathA anya dharmanI sarasAImAM TakI rahevA mATe temAM paNa svarUpa-mAdhyamanI jarUra jaNAtAM, sUrya pratimA baDAI. TUMkamAM samayanI mAMga ke jarUriyAte pratimAnI AvazyakatA para bhAra mUkayA. dhIre dhIre pratimAne eka nizcita sthAnamAM rAkhI taviSayaka samUhamAM ArAdhanA, satsaMga, bhajana, kIrtana, svAdhyAya vagere thaI zake te mATe devAlayanI racanA thaI. Ama pratimA surakSA, mAvajata, pUjana, a`na, upAsanA tathA bhaktonI suvidhA mATe maMdira upakAraka puravAra thayuM che. 'zimAM paN samayAnusAra vRddhi thayela che-jemake ekAyatana, tryAyatana, poMcAyatana, saptAyatana. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir Ama prakRtinA tattvarUpI sUnI pUjAne sAkArApAsanAmAM sthAna maLatAM madira racAvA lAgyAM, prastuta lekhamAM gujarAtanA abhilekhAmAM sUrya`madirA viSayaka je nirdezA prApta thayA che, tenuM nirUpaNu karavAmAM AvyuM che. a MtamAM sAra sa'kSepa dvArA tenI vizeSatAo rajU karelI che. sUryamadirA viSayaka sau prathama Abhilekhika ullekha lAdeza(dakSiNa gujarAta)nA prApta thayA che. lATadezanA rezama vaNunArAonI eka zreNI mALavAnA dapuramAM jaI vasI hatI, jeNe tyAM AbAda thatAM dezapuramAM 'dIptarazmi'nuM maMdira karAvyuM hAvAnA ullekha madaseAranA kumAragupta ane khaMdhruvamAMnA abhilekhamAMthI prApta thAya che, A lekhamAM miti mAlava saMvata 493 ane para9 (I.sa. ane I. sa. 473) nI aMkita che. 437 tyArabAda dhruvasena 1lAnA kukuTa dAnazAsana (hAla-kukaDa, tA. dheAdhA, ji. bhAvanagara)mAM valabhI saMvata 206, Ayuja sudi 5 (I. sa. para5, 8mI sapTembara) ne divase pratihAra mammake ahInA sUrya'ma`diranA nibhAva mATe deyabhUmi ApI hAvAnA ullekha che.2 zilAditya-1lAnA bha yikanA dAnapnamAMthI sUrya`ma Mdirane apAyelA dAnanI vigata prApta thAya che. valabhI saMvata 292, caitra suda 14 (vi. saM. 666-68, I. sa. 610-11)nA A dAnazAsanamAM jaNAvyu` che ke vAmanasthalI(hAlanu` vathalI)mAM Avela bhadreyika gAmamAM pAdAvata' jamIna te gAmamAMnA sUya*maMdiranI pUjA mATe ApavAmAM AvI hatI. A jamIna ma`diramAMnI sthApita mUrtinI pUjA, svapana, gaMdha dIpa, tela, vAdya, gIta, nRtya, balicarU mATe temaja pAdamUlanA prajIvana mATe devAlayanA khaMDana, phATa-phUTanA charNoddhAra athe apI hatI.3 kAvInA prabhUtavaSa gAviMdarAjanA zaka savata 749, vaizAkha sudR 15(vi. sa`. 883, I. sa. 827)nA dAnazAsanamAM kahyuM che, ke mArA mAtA-pitA ane mArA AlAka ane paraleAkamAM phaLa prApti tathA puNyayazanI vRddhi arthe kApIkAmAM AvelA kATipuramAM 'zrImad jayAdityanA mavALA sUryanA * khaMDa samayanA vyAkhyAtA, bhAratIya sa MskRti vibhAga, 2, pA. ArTsasa kaoNleja, kha'bhAta. gujarAtanA abhilekhAmAM sUrya"madiranA nirdezo.] [ 47 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mA~dirane kha`Dita tathA phrATa paDelA bhAganA samArakAma mATe gaMdha, puSpa, dhUpa, dIpa ane naivedyanA kha arthe sthU`vi gAma dAnamAM ApyuM hatuM. 4 UnA gAmamAMthI prApta bulavarmAnA valI saMvata 174, mAtra zuda 6 (I. sa. 893)nA tAmrapatramAM jayapura gAma 'taruNAditya'nA madirane dAnanAM apAyAnI vigata che, pa jyAre khalavananA anugAmI avanivamAM 2jAnA vi. sa`. 956, mAtra suda 6 (I. sa. 900)nA tAmrapatramAM saurASTranA nakSizapura ceArAzInA jayapura gAma pAse kaNavIrikA nadInA taTe AvelA 'taruNAditya'nA maMdirane ambulaka (ambulaka) gAma dAnamAM Apyu. hAvAneA ullekha che. prAcInA bhImadevaLa tarIke pracalita prAcIna sUrya maMdiranA samArakAma vakhate lekhane TukaDo prApta thayA che. je hAla jUnAgaDhanA myujhiyamamAM surakSita che. A zilAlekhamAM kumArapALa sudhInAM caulukayAnI vAvaLI ApelI che. ane chelle gUmadeve dharmAditya' mATe AzrayakAraka hIMcakA banAvye hAvAnu jaNAvyuM che." A lekhamAM saMvataneA bhAga meAjUda rahyo nathI, para`tu madiranA racanAkAla vidvAnoe 9mI sadIne gaNAvye che. jene 12 mI sadImAM jIrNoddhAra thayA hatA. mADherAnA bakulAkanA sUryamaMdiranA garbhagRhamAM vi. saM. 1083(I. sa. 1026) 'kita 5kti che. nagarAnA 'yAditya'nA maMdiramAM sthApita zveta ArasanI pratimAnI besaNImAM 'kita lekha parathI spaSTa thAya che ke vi.sa. 1292(I. sa. 1235-36)mAM ativRSTinA kAraNe sUrya maMdira paDI javAthI vIra dhavalanA vikhyAta matrI vastupAle suryAM patnI rannAdevI ane rAjadevInI sthApanA karAvI hatI.11 kherALunA arvAcIna sUryamadiramAM pratiSThita sUnI zveta ArasanI pratimAnI pATalI para vi. sa. 1293(I. sa. 1236)nA lekha che.12 DabhAI gAmanI hIrAbhAgALanI bAjunI dIvAlanA aMdaranA bhAge vIsaladevanA samayane vaijJanAtha zivAlayanA jIrNodvAra a MgenA lekha che. vi. sa. 1311 jyeSTha zuddhi 15nA budhavAranA rAja (I. sa. 1253, 14mI me) racAyeka A prazastimAM jaNAvyu` che ke vAmadevai mUlasthAnanA sUrya madiranI racanAthI khyAti prApta karI hatI. arthAt A zivAlaya agAu ahIM sUrya maMdiranI racanA thayelI haze.13 aju nadevanA samayane vi. saM. 1720 jyeSTha sudi 4 ne budhavAra(I. sa. 1264)nA A zinnAlekha kAMTelA gAmanA caitrIkuMDanA kAMThA para mahAkAlezvara maMdiranI dakSiNa taraphanI dIvAlamAM sthita gaNezanI pratimA nIce kALA grenAITa patthara Upara aMkita thayelA che. abhilekhamAM aju nadevanA sUbA sAmatasiMhe dvArakAnA chinnabhinna revatI DanA pagathiyAM badhAvyAne ane anya devA sAthe sa tathA revatInI pratimA padharAvI hAvAnA ullekha karyAM che.14 vacalImAMthI prApta sAra gadevanA samayanA zilAlekhanA prArabha raivaMtanI vaMdanAthI thAya che. vi. sa. 1346 vaizAkha suda 6 te seAmavAra(I. sa. 1290)nA A lekhamAM sUryanA putra raiva tanI AgaLa chatrI baMdhAvyAnA nirdeza che. 15 khaMbhAtanA ci'tAmaNi pArzvanAthanA jaina maMdiramAM vAghelA va`zanA aju nadevanA putra rAmadevanA samayane zilAlekha che. jemAM vi. saM. 13para vide jeSTha 7te seAmavAra(I. sa. 1296)nA lekhanI 16 mI pa`ktimAM ullekha che ke vikale sUryanA madiranA agrasthAnamAM ma`Dapa badhAvyA hatA.16 48 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, 'Taka-sapTe, 19:3 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bhavanAthanA meralIdhara maMdiranI bhItamAM sAraMgadeva vAghelAnA samayano zilAlekha simenTamAM caNAyelo che. vi. saM. 1354 kAttika sudi 1 ne ravivAre (I. sa. 1298) racAyelI A prazasti zyAmazilAmAM kotarAyelI che. 17 - satrApADA gAmanI dakSiNe AvelA jIrNa thayelA sUryamaMdiramAM vi. saM. 1757(I. sa. 1301)ne zilAlekha che. temAM vayajaladeva buTAe A sUryamaMdira karAvyuM hovAnI noMdha che.18 mAMgaroLanA baMdararoDanA nAkA upara AvelI jummA masjidanI bahAra paDelA cAra staMbha paikInA eka stabha upara lekha kotarelo che. kazuM ja nA A zilAlekhanI zarUAtamAM 4 iMcanA vyAsanuM cakra che. je sUryanA pratIka rUpa hovAnuM jaNAya che. lekhanI zarUAta vi. saM. 135[3]nA rItra mAsanI zukala pakSa nI saptamI ane ravivAra(I. sa. 1297)nI tithithI thAya che. 18 a abhilekhamAMnuM hetuviSayaka lakhANa naSTa thayuM che, paraMtu aMkita caka tathA tithi parathI A lekha sUryamaMdira viSayaka hovAnuM anumAna thaI zake.18 A uparAMta prabhAsa pATaNa bhAskarakSetra tarIke oLakhAtuM hatu tevo paurANika ulekha paNa maLe che. - thAna pAse Avela kaMDela TekarI uparanA prAcIna sUrya maMdiramAM vi. saM. 1932, vaizAkha sudi 9 somavAra(I. sa. 1776)no zilAlekha che. jemAM bUTaDa lAkhAnA putra siMhe sUryamaMdira baMdhAvyuM hovAne nirdeza karAyo che. 20 dhAmaleja gAmanI pazcime vibagayA nAme pracalita kuMDamAM pIpaLA nIce vi. saM. 1437, aSADha vadi 6 ne zanivAra(I. sa. 1380)ne zilAlekha jIrNa hAlatamAM paDelo che. lekhamAM jaNAvyuM che ke jyAre deza plethI ati pIDita thayo, tyAre tenuM rakSagu karavA prabhAsanA vAjA rAjA bharamanA saciva karmasiMhe mUlagayA(vAmaleja)nA kuMDa tathA sUryamaMdira marAvyA hatA. 21 khorAsAnA sUrya maMdiramAMthI prApta zilAlekha hAla cAra vADanA nAganAtha mahAdevanA maMdiramAM che. vi. saM. 1445, phAgaNa sudi 5 ne somavAra(I. sa. 1389)nA A lekhane AraMbha sUryadevanI stutithI thAya che, tathA temAM varNavyuM che ke mANA rAjasiMhanA cAra putro paikInA male tenA purogAmIe baMdhAvelA sUryamaMdirane samarAvyuM hatuM.22 khaMbhAtanI vaDavAnI vAvamAM be prazasti lekho aMkita thayelA che. vi. saM. 1538, bhAdaravA sudi 5 ne somavAra(I. sa. 1482)nA A lekhamAM vijalanA putra sohaDe thaMbhapura tIrthamAM zaMkara, sUrya, devI, lakSmIpati tathA gaNapatinA 144 devAlayone jIrNoddhAra karyo hovAno ullekha che.23 mULInA mAMDavarAyanA sUryamaMdiramAM vi. saM. 1685(I. sa. 1629)nA zilAlekhanI zarUAtamAM deva-devIonI stuti karavAmAM AvI che, tyArabAda zAhajahAMnA paramAra rAjA rAmajInA vijayakAla daramyAna naMduANuM jJAtinA bhagavatIdAsa ane amulAnA putra gopAle A prAsAda karAvyo hovAnI noMdha che. 24 sArasaMkSepa : upayukta sUryamaMdira viSayaka abhilekhomAMthI vividha vizeSatAo prApta thaI che. abhilekhonA sthAna vize vicAratAM keTalAka je te maMdiramAM hAla vidyamAna che, te keTalAka myujhiyamamAM athavA navA maMdiromAM rakSita karelA che. A sUryamaMdirane dAna mAtA-pitAnA zreyAthe ke svapuNyArthe athavA yazanI vRddhi arthe apAyelAM che. tema chatAM A abhilekhe dvArA rAjyano vistAra, tenI sImA, rAjAnI vaMzAvaLI, tene rAjakIya vistAra, vahIvaTI parivAranI vigato tathA anya sAMskRtika gujarAtanA abhilekhomAM sUryamaMdiranA nideze [49 For Private and Personal Use Only

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bAbate viSe jANavA maLe che. sUrya maMdirone jamIna ke gAma dAnamAM apAyelAM che, ke jenA dvArA devAlayanI pUjA, gaMdha, puSpa, dIpa, vAgha, gIta, nRtya, naivedya tathA jIrNoddhAra jevA bahuvidha kharcA. nIkaLatA havAne nirdeza lekhamAM karAyo che. A uparAMta surya maMdiranAM hIMcakA, chatrI tathA maMDapa mATe paNa dAna apAyelAM che. abhilekhomAMthI prApta suryanAM nAmo mAM paNa vividhatA jovA maLe che. saya mATe dIptarazmi, bakulAka, dugaditya, jayaditya, bAlAditya, taruNAditya tathA dharmAditya jevA nAmollekha thayelA che. pAdaTIpa 1. Indian Antiquary (IA.), Vol. XV, p. 149; Fleet J; 'Corpus Inscriptionum Ind icarum' (CII.), Vol. III, No. 18, p. 83, Pl. II 2. pravINacaMdra parIkha, bhAratI zelata ane manahara solaMkI, maitrakarAja dhruvasena 1lAnuM kukaDa dAna zAsana (valabhI saMvata 206),' 'sAmIpya" pu. 5, aMka 1-2, 1988, pR. 43-48; pra. parIkha, bhA. zelata, "gujarAtanA abhilekha : svAdhyAya ane samIkSA, pR. 9-12 3. R. D. Bannerji, "Ancient India," Vol. 21, p. 116; gi. va. AcArya, "gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekho' (guele.), bhAga-3, naM. 598 4. IA, Vol. V, p. 144; guele., bhAga-2, naM. 126, pR. 64 5. guala., bhAga 7, naM. 234, pR. 24 6. ejana, naM. 235, pR. 28 7. ejana, naM. 155 ba, pR. 180; kAThiyAvADa gejheTiyara, pR. 607 kAMtilAla ku. somapurA (saMpA.), "sUryamaMdira vizeSAMka," pR. 159 & Burgess J. & Cousens H., 'The Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat,' pp. 80-81 1o. D. B. Diskalkar, 'Inscriptions of Kathiawad' (IK.), No-1, p. 686 11. ratnamaNirAva bhI. jeTa, khaMbhAtane itihAsa," pR. 263 93. Annual Report of the Department of Archaeology, Baroda, 1935-36, p. 12 13. guele, bhAga 3, naM. 125, pR. 45 14. ejana, naM. 2164, 5. 204-2005 15. ejana, naM. 222 4, pR. 213 16. ejana, naM. 224, pR. 94 17. nIlakaMTha jIvatarAma, IDara saMsthAnamAM AvelA bhuvanezvara mahAdevanA maMdiramAM zilAlekha, buddhiprakAza," pR. 57, 1910, jAnyu. aMka-1 pR. 27-29 18. guale, bhAga 4, naM. 40, pR. 93 12.24 L. D. Swamikannu Pillai, An Indian Ephemeris (AD. 700 to 'A.D. 1799), Vol. LIV, Delhi, 1982, p. 196 19. ejana, bhAga 3, naM. 225ba 20. IK, No. 36, p. 739 21. IA, Vol. 8, p. 186; IK, No. 39, p. 27. 22. guela., bhAga 4, naM. 46, pR. 11-10 23. ejana, pR. 31, leka naM. 14-15 24. IK, No. 125, p. 338 [ sAmIpya : eprila, '93-sapTe, 1992 For Private and Personal Use Only

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amadAvAda zaheranuM eka sthaLa nAmaHzekhA muMjAlanI poLa jheDa. e. desAI gujarAtanAM sthaLanAmonAM saMzodhana tarapha traNeka dAyakAe pUve vaDodarAnA prAcya saMzodhana saMsthAnA niyAmaka, je. je. sAMDesarA temaja mahArAjA sayAjIrAva yunivarsiTI baroDAnA purAtattva vibhAganA vaDA 2. nA. mahetAnA prayAsothI astitvamAM Avela gujarAta sthaLanAma saMsadanA upakrame khaMbhAta, pATaNa vagere zaheronAM sthaLanA para apAyelAM vyAkhyAne pustakAkAre paNa prakAzita thayAM hatAM. paNa tatpazcAta te saMsada ke bIjI kaI saMsthA dvArA A dizAmAM vadhu kArya thayuM hovAnuM jANamAM nathI. pAMceka varSa pahelAM gujarAta vidyApIThanA itihAsa ane saMskRti vibhAganA vaDA raseza jamInadAra tathA mahemAna Teresara 2. nA. mahetAnI doravaNI heThaLa bahudhA yuniva grAnTasa kamizananA projekaTa tarIke amadAvAda zaheranA itihAsa para eka daLadAra pustaka tayAra thayuM hatu je aprakAzita che. akhila bhAratIya sthaLanAma pariSada, akhila bhAratIya abhilekha pariSadanI jema gujarAtanA sthaLanAmamAM rasa dharAvanAra vidvAne ke abhilekhavidone AkarSyA nathI tenuM mukhya kAraNa mArA namra mate gujarAtanA moTA bhAganA itihAsakAronI aMgrejI bhASAnI eka prakAre pharajiyAta rIte karAvavAmAM AvelI upekSA gaNAvI zakAya. kAraNa je kAMI hoya, paraMtu e nirvivAda hakIkata che ke gujarAtanA pratiSThita itihAsakAro be cAra gaNyA gAMThayA apavAdane bAda karatAM bhAratIya kakSAnI pratihAsa pariSada jevI AvI itihAsanAM vividha pAsAMonA saMzodhanane protsAhana ApatI saMsthAonA adhivezanamAM bhAga laI na zakatA hovAthI paNa A viSaya para saMzodhana karavAno temane avasara prApta thatuM nathI, teTaluM ja nahi paNa tenA laIne gujarAta bahAra temanuM nAma sAva aparicita rahyuM che. vaLI gujarAtanA itihAsavidonA aitihAsika saMzodhananuM kSetra gujarAtI bhASA mAdhyama ane gujarAta sudhI maryAdita rahyuM hovAthI temane lekhe gujarAtI bhASAmAM gujarAtane lagatA viSayo para prasiddha thatA hoI, temanuM saMzodhana kArya game teTalI utkRSTa koTinuM hoya, gujarAta bahAra sAva aNupichAyuM rahyuM che. khuda abhilekhonA saMzodhana kSetramAM-hariprasAdabhAI zAstrI tathA temanA be eka sahakAryakaro ane sahAdhyApakonuM A kSetramAM ati mahattvanuM anudAna lekhAmAM laIe te 5Nu-gujarAta bhAratanA bIjA pradeza vizeSa karIne dakSiNa bhArata karatA sAva pAchaLa rahI gayela che. gujarAta rAjaya purAtatva khAtA ke bIjI koI saMzodhana saMsthA taraphathI gujarAtanA abhikhAnuM sarvekSaNa ke saMkalana ke prakAzanane kaI vyavasthita prayAsa hajI sudhI hAtha dharavAmAM Avyo nathI te gujarAtanI itihAsa tarapha udAsInatAnuM ghAtaka che. Ama paNa gujarAtanI vivA saMsthAoe gujarAtanA prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna itihAsanA ayana ke saMzodhana taraphanI zaikSaNika pilIsInA pariNAma svarUpa gujarAtanA siddhaharata itihAsakAre arvAcIna yuga ane te paNa vizeSa karIne ogaNIsamI-vIsamI sadI, gAMdhI yuga temaja svAtaMtrya saMgrAmakALa ke AjhAdI pazcAtanA itihAsa AlekhanamAM rata che. * nivRtta nidezaka (abhilekha), bhAratIya purAtatva sarvekSaNa, nAgapura amadAvAda zaheranuM eka sthaLanAma : zekhA muMjAlanI piLa] 51 For Private and Personal Use Only

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AnA laIne prAcIna ke madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA itihAsanA rasaprada mAhitIpUrNa vividha pAsAMonuM Alekhana karatA lekheA pramANamAM dhaNI echI saMkhyAmAM jovAmAM Ave che. gujarAta itihAsa pariSadanA jJAnasatrA ke vizvavidyAlayeAnA itihAsa vibhAga dvArA AyeAjita semInArAmAM paNa bRhad aMze viSayAnI pasaMdagI paNa Aja dheAraNe thAya che. gujarAta itihAsa pariSade gujarAtanA samagra itihAsanA adhyayana ane zeAdhana tara dhyAna ApI A dizAmAM nakkara pagalAM bharavA joIe. Ama paNa sthAnika itihAsane lagatA je sAdhanA abhilekhA hastalikhita pratie daratA. vejo ityAdi upalabdha hoya temanA para AdhArita sthAnika itihAsanuM Alekhana lekamAM temaja vidyAthI emAM itihAsa tarapha abhigama utpanna karavAmAM madadarUpa thaI zake. sthaLanAmeAnA AvA itihAsa mAtra itihAsa premIe nahi paNu sAmAnya vAMcakAmAM AvakAra pAmaze temAM sadehane sthAna nathI. amadAvAda zaheranA sthaLanAmeAnuM sAdhana eTalA mATe paNa muzkela nathI ke pANA seA eka varSo pahelAM sthapAyela A zaheranA itihAsanI sAdhana sAmagrI prAcIna ke atiprAcIna zaherAnI sarakhAmaNImAM aprApya nathI. dAkhalA tarIke AjathI savA base varSo pUrve` amadAvAda zaherane itihAsa Alekhatu' phArasI pustaka 'mirAte ahamadI' tenA aMgrejI gujarAtI ane urdU bhASAMtarAmAM upalabdha che. thaDA samaya pahelAM me amadAvAdanI hAla lagabhaga sAva ajANa paNu adopALanA nAma dvArA jaLavAI rahela zAhapura, kALupura, dariyApura jema munnupura nAmane mahAle kayAre ane kAnA nAma parathI vasyA haze te viSaya para eka lekha akhila bhAratIya sthaLanAma sa`sadanA eka adhi vezanamAM vAMcyA hatA je sa`sadanA jalamAM chapAyela 4 itihAsa jIvaMta karavAnI vAta teA javA daI e paraMtu itihAsa jIvaMta rAkhavAne badale itihAsane aMdhakAra tarapha dhakelI devAnI ApaNI vartamAna saMkucita zocanIya peAlIsIne laIne Aje lagabhaga nAmazeSa maleka zAkhAnanu` taLAva, tenI jagyAe bAMdhavAmAM Avela maleka zAkhAna sTeDiyamanuM nAma paNa badalI devAmAM AvyuM te taLAva tathA sTeDimavALA gujarAtanA sulatAnAnA paMdaramA saikAnA pUrvArdhamAM mahAna amara maleka zAkhAnanuM nAma ke tenA taLAva viSe ApaNI UgatI peDhI nAvAkepha che te malika mAdula-mulka zAkhAnanI dAI khIkhI sudU dvArA muddapura mahollA aritatvamAM AvyeA haze ke tenA nAme tenuM nAmAdhikaraNa thayuM haze te hakIkata itihAsanA pustakAmAM nahi paN dariyApura DabagaravADAmAM AvelI pIrakudUsanI masjidanA zilAlekha parathI pratIta thAya che. amadAvAddanu' AvuM ja eka sthaLa zekhA muMjAlanI pALa che je mANekacekathI pharyAnijha pula nIce thaI kALupura daravAna tarapha jatA rastA para rilIph rADa ane kALupura TAvara vacce DAkhI tarapha bhAIvADAnI pALa sAme AvelI che. A pALamAM badhAM dhareza dAudI vaheArA bhAIonAM che je noMdhapAtra che. A vistAramAM AvelA zekha nabaddInI pALa, mullA hAphananI pALa, khAlA (ke khukullAha) pALa tyAdi pALAnI jema A pALanuM nAma kaI vyakti parathI pAyuM haze te te tenu nAma ja kahI Ape che, bhale tene leAkeAkti sivAya koI AdhAra hAya ke na hoya. A nAma kayAre paDyuM ke jenA nAma parathI A nAma paDayuM te vyakti krANu hatI te kahevu. eTaluM sahelu nathI. itihAsa-rasikeAne vidita che ke madhyakAlIna itihAsanA mULa sAdhane phArasImAM ane bahudhA aprakAzita che ane je e cAra prakAzita che mAtra temanu` ja aMgrejI ke gujarAtI bhASAMtara upalabdha 52. [ sAmIpTa : eprila, '93-sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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che. phArasI bhASAnA jANakArAnI sakhyA chellA pAMceka dasakAothI echI thatI gaI che. madhyakAlIna itihAsakAronI mAtra rAjakIya banAvA AlekhatI kRtiomAM sAmAjika ane sAMskRtika itihAsasAmagrI pramANamAM dhaNI echI maLe che. A mAhitI teA videzIonA sAranAmAe ke pravAsa vanA, rAjanIzIo, patra vyavahAra, satAnA jIvanacara ane temanA vacanAmRtAnA sagrahe, abhilekhA ityAdi sAdhanAmAM ja zeAdhavI rahI. A sAdhanA paNa mATe bhAge apekSAnA bhAga banyA hAI ApaNuM madhyakAlIna samAja ane saMskRtinuM jJAna maryAdita rahyuM che. bhAratanA arI phArasI abhilekhAnA prakAzita pramANamAM ThIka ThIka sAhitya tarapha paNa bhAratanA madhyakAlIna ke sthAnika itihAsa lekhakanA ajJAna tarapha me' I. sa. 1972nA mujhaphpharapura khAte bharAyelA akhila itihAsa pariSadanA abhilekha vibhAganA pramukhanA vyAkhyAnamAM TakAra paNu karI hatI. gujarAtanA itihAsakAro paNa AmAM apavAdarUpa nathI. amadAvAdanA AvA eka prakAzita arabI abhilekhamAM zekhA mu'nalanI poLa sAthe sa'kaLAyelA zekhA muMjAlanI bhALa maLe che. A abhilekha AjathI traNeka dAyakA pUrve prakAzita thayeA hatA,pa chatAM tenA taraph itihAsa-rasikeAnuM dhyAna gayuM nathI. mAtra zekhA mu MjAla nahi para Mtu A mu MjAla parivAranA bIjA ochAmAM ochA ardhuM eka Dajhana jeTalA sadasyAnAM nAma paNa khIjA abhilekhA dvArA prApta thAya che. arabI temaja saskRta bhASAmAM eka ja viSayanA e abhilekhAnI takatI sarasapuramAM AvelA dAudI vaheArA muslimabhAInA vikhyAta kutbI majhAranA kampAunDamAM AvelI bAI harIranI vAva jevI vAveAnI harALamAM mUkI zakAya tevI zekhA mujAlanI vAva para sAmasAme jovA maLe che. I. sa. 1957 mAM A vAva tathA tenA lekhA pratye mAruM dhyAna prathama amadAvAdanA prati hrAsamAM UMDo rasa dharAvatA rAyakhaDanA pratiSThita vakIla ane zikSaNa temaja sAmAjika kSetre agraNI evA ma`ma saiyada jamAluddIna baDA sAheba kAdarI e devu`' hatuM, eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu temaNe dAudI saMpradAyanA sthAnika vaDAne maLI prastuta lekheAnI chApa levAnI paravAnagI paN meLavI ApI hatI. pariNAme bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNunI abhilekha zAkhAnA I. sa. 1957-58 nA bhAratIya amalemenA vArSika ahevAlamAM tenI saprathama teAMdha levAI hatI. tyAra bAda te ja zAkhAnA vArSika 'e paigrAphiyA inDikA arebika eNnDa paziyana saplImeMnTa'nA 1963 nA aMkamAM arakhI lekha para tenI pratikRti sAthe eka vistRta lekha paNa lakhyA hatA. je 1965mAM prakAzita thayA hatA. A abhilekhamAM jaNAvyA mujaba A vAva muMjAla aTakavALA IsAnA putra zekhAe baMdhAvI hatI tathA tene pharatI bAMdhavAmAM AvelI imAratA tathA phaLadyAnane teNe sAmAnya prajA ane vaDhemA'e mATe vakapha karyAM hatA, tathA vAvanuM nirmANa kArya gujarAtanA sulatAna bahAduzAhanA samayamAM hijarI sana 940 nA zAkhAna(I. sa. 1534nA phebruArI-mArca) mAsamAM zarU thaI bahAdurazAhanA anugAmI ane bhatrIjA sulatAna mahamUdazAha 3 jAnA rAjyakALamAM hi. sa. 946 mAM (I. sa. 1539) saMskRta lekha pramANe vi. sa. 1596, kArttika su. 1 ravivAra, (I. sa. 1539, kaTAbara 12) pUruM thayu` hatu`. lekhamAM vAva sAthe imAratA tathA phaLakSeAnA ullekha parathI pratIta thAya che ke vAva phaLaudyAnamAM bAMdhavAmAM AvelI haze ane tenA baMdhAvanAra muMjalanA parivAranA kabarastAna mATe tenA upayoga thayA haze tathA samayanA vaheNa sAthe te jamInanA dAudI vaheArA samu dAyanA kabarastAna tarIke tenA upayoga karavAmAM AvyA haze. amadAvAda zaheranuM eka sthaLanAma : zekhA muMjAlanI pALa ] For Private and Personal Use Only [ paDha

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vAyA aa nirmAE kartA ane amadAvAdanI rokhA mujaba poLavALA rIkhA IzA sukhala zyAma I. sa. 19mA saikAnA pUrvAdha mAM thaI gayA.* abhilekhamAM tene viSe zrInuM kArya mAhitI maLatI nathI, paraMtu A bastAnamAM emAM ochI vadhu kabaro mA bhAvI che. (kadAca vadhu ba DhA). jemanA grupanI taktIonA lekho parathI te rAkhA IMsA mujabanA putra tathA mujaba aTALA khInta (dekhItI rIte ja te ja piravAranA) sadasyAnI kabarI hAvAnu` tathA temanA pitA pitAmaha vagerenAM nAme sAthe temanI mRtyu sAla paNa navA maLe che. zekhA isA mu MjAlanA putra miyAM hAphtimajInI kabaranI taktInA lekha mujaba tee jyAre namAjha paDhavA mATe vujhU karI rahyA hatA tyAre eka nibhI'e (kAphira) temane zahIda karI nAkhyA hatA. lekhamAM vadhu 3 mAsa ke tArIkha ApavAmAM AvI nathI. mAtra A banAva kravAra banyA hatA teTalA ullekha che... bIjha khara miyA ma rAjabhAI muntalanI che jemanuM mRtyu hi. sa. 996nA ramajhAna mAsa (I.sa. 158 julAI egasTa)nA dine thayu` hatu`. 12 zekhA muMjAlanA miyAM AdamajI kaI rIte sagA thatA hatA te A lekha parathI nizcita thatu' nathI, paNa te zekhA muMjAla je hi. sa. 986 (I. sa. 1539) sudhI vidyamAna hatA temanA parivAranA ja sadasya ane temanA najadIkanA saMbaMdhI thatAM hovAnuM anumAna anucita nathI. bahudhA te zekhA muMbalanA pitarAI bhAI ke tenA putra ke pautra hAvA joIe. trIjI kabara vi. sa. 1027, sara mAsa 4 (I. sa. 1618, jAnyuArI mAsa, 31)nI tArIkhe mA pAmelA miyAMnA putra zaikhAnA putra zekha mujabanI che.13 A rAkha munala, rIkhA muAla ke miyAM Ama sAthe su` sagapaNa dharAvatA hatA te khA TUMkA lekha parathI nizrita rIte kahI zakAya tema nathI. paNa mA traNe lekhAmAM mula zabda aTaka ke parivAranA nAma rUpe vaparAye DhAya te badhA eka ja kuTuMbanA sadasyo hoya tema mAnavuM asthAne nathI. upara japyuAmbu tema khA munala dvA nimita vAvavALA udyAnamAM prAjJi mujaba tenA parivAranA mAsA na thayA hoya te sa~khAtu ja daphana che. prastuta traNa kaLA paNa eka ja sthaLe AvelI che te hakIkata pazu A anumAnane TekA Ape che. zekhA munala potAnA samayanI eka pratiSThita tathA paisApAtra vyakti haze te te| teNe badhAvelI vAya tathA vizALa udyAna parathI AI Ave che A vAva pUrve tyAMthI bahu dUra nahi evI bAI harIranI vAvanA bAMdhakAmamAM tenA lekhamAM jaNAvyA mujaba 3,29,000 mahamUdI eTale Azare 1,58,800 rUpiyA kharyAM thayA hatA.14 te jotAM A vAva tathA udyAna para patu sArko evI rakama kharca thaI tAvI eIe. kutbI manAra, dAudI vaheArA mAInuM bharastAna temaja hAla paNa zekhA mu MjAla pALamAM AvelAM badhAM dharA dAudI vaheArA bhAIonAM che te dhyAnamAM letAM zekhA munnA paN dAudI vaheArA sapradAyanA hatA te lagabhaga nizaMka rIte kahI rAkAya. vaLI upara jemanA ullekha karavAmAM AvyA che te mu Ala parivAranA sadasyAnA Adama, rAjabhAI, temaja jI' cAna vAcaka pratyayavALAM nAmeA Aje paNa dAudI vaheArA bhAIemAM pracalita che te paNa A anumAnane TakA Ape che. te ja rIte, dAudI vaheArA bhAIonA vazapara parAgata vepAra vyavasAyane jotAM zekhA mundrA paththu eka zreSThI zreNIno dhanavAna vepArI mukhta linA vepArI haze tema kahI zakAya. vAvanA nirmAtA zekhA mujAla tathA temanA parivAranA A pALamAM vasavATanA laIne pALa zekhA mu`jAlanI pALanA nAme oLakhAvAI hAvI joIe. vr] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '93-sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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muMjAla aTaka viSe paNa becAra zabda ahIM anucita nahi gaNAya. muMjAlanA zabda artha ke tenI vyutpatti para te gujarAtI bhASAnA vidvAno prakAza pADI zake. paNa gujarAtanA mahAna rAjavI siddharAja caulukyanA mahAmAnya muMjAla mahetAnuM nAma to gujarAtamAM jANItuM che. surendranagara jillAnA vaDhavANanA I. sa. 1228nA eka abhilekhamAM paNa moDha jJAtinA vaNika voharA muMjalanuM nAma jovA maLe che. jUnAgaDha jillAnA porabaMdara tAlukAnA gorA gAmamAM AvelI sulatAna mahamUda begaDAnA samayamAM I. sa. 1480 mAM nirmita eka vAvano nirmAtA paNa tenA abhilekha mujaba nAgara vaNika jJAtino surA putra muMjAla hato. 16 gujarAtamAM A aTaka ke jJAti astitvamAM che ke nahi tenI mane mAhitI nathI. paraMtu muMjAla aTaka dharAvatA rAjasthAnanA pratiSThita hiMdu udyogapati tathA vepArI bhAIonAM nAme Aje paNa jovA maLe che. aMtamAM nimnalikhita zekhA muMjAlanI vAvavALe pATha tathA tenuM bhASAMtara gujarAta tema ja amadAvAdanA ItihAsapremI athavA sAmAnya pAThakone rasaprada thaze evI AzA che. 1. bismilAhirahamAnirahIma 2. kada IntA hi hajhala-biarulamIbo mAo ubana gulAlanuM va vakapha bihI li istitkAI khaTake 3. valimana jAe bihI vaphaphana halAlanuM maa imArAtihila maasUrata ve aNajArihIlacaspati mumirate itigAan. 4. li vahilAhilU-muajhame va rijAana li ziphate rasUlillAhe salalAhe alayahe valama al-mukarama phrI arisutAnila muzarapha 5. bi tatharIphiramAna kubuduMnyA vaddIna abUla (anila joI e) phajhala bahAdurazAha bina mujhaphaphara zAha 6. sana 940 phI zabAna. va atamahA phrI ahada sulatAni salAtInijhajhamAna ala-vAcika 7. bi tAIdirahamAna nAsirinyA vaddIna abUla (abila joIe) phataha mahamUdazAha Inti 8. latIphazAha akhiyi bahAdurazAha Inni mujhaphapharazAha Ini madamUdazAha Inni 9. muhamadazAha Inti addamadazAha Innei muhamadazAha igni mujhaphaphara zAha 10. asU-sulatAna khalallAhe muhU va sulatAnag zekhA bina IsA ala-mulakAba 11. bi muMjAla jaalalAhe lahU hAla maitra makabUlatanuM nariyatana va sakAhe mina haujhilakausare zarabatan sAyitanuM phrI sana 94 6. bhASAMtara 1. paramakRpALu dayAvAna IzvaranA nAmathI (zarU karuM chuM). 2. A vAva jenuM pANI mIThuM, nirmaLa ane svAdiSTa che, tenuM khodakAma zarU karyuM tema ja tene vakapha karI phAyadA mATe jagatavAsIonA. 3. tema ja temanA mATe jeo ahIM Ave, zAstrokta rIte vakapha (karI),. tenI (AsapAsanI) suMdara imArate temaja phaLaphaLAdinA vRkSo sAthe, prApta karavA athe. 3. IzvaranI mahAna kRpA (meLavavA) (kayAmatanA dina) temaja IzvaranA mahAna pegambara (hajharata mahama) temanA para IzvaranA salAma temaja salavAta huM ---nI (potAnA gunA mApha karAvavA heta) daramyAnagIrI, rAjyakALamAM sulatAna sanmAnita che. amadAvAda zaheranuM eka sthaLanAma : zekhA muMjAlanI poLa ]. [ papa For Private and Personal Use Only

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4. kRpALu (Izvara)nI sanmAna (dyotaka) zalathI te (sulatAna) kutbuddunyA vaddIna abUla-phaijhala bahAdurazAha je putra che mujhaphpharazAhatA tenA (rAjyakALamAM). 5. zAbAna mAsa (hijarI) sana 940 (phebruArI-mArca I. sa. 1534)mAM (zarU karI) ane tene pUchu karI rAjayakALamAM vizvanA sulatAnAnA sulatAna, AsthA che jene 6. kRpALu paramezvaranI madada para te (sulatAna) nAsirUduMnyA vaddIna abUla-phraha madbhUzAha je putra che 7. latIzAhane je bhAI che bahAdurazAhanA, je putra che mujhaphpharazAha (ra jA)ne, je putra che mahamUdazAha (begaDA)nA je putra che 8. muhammadazAha (rA)nA, je putra che ahamadazAha (1lA) te, je putra che muha`mazAha (1lA) ne je putra che mujhaphpharazAha (1lA) 9. sulatAnanA, paramezvara tenA rAjya temaja salatanatane anaMtakALa sudhI rAkhe isAsuta zekhA jeneA lakaba (arthAt aTaka) 10. mUMjAla che teNe (badhAvI tathA vaka karI), sana hijarI 946(I. sa. 1539)mAM paramezvara A (lAka) hitanA kAryane nira Mtara jArI rAkho kabUla pharamAve tathA tene (svarganA) kausara jaLAzayanu nima`La pANI pIvuM rAjI kare. pATIpa 1. gujarAta sthaLanAma graMthamALA bhA. 1, vaDedarA 2. AnA laIne aMgrejI bhASAmAM pragaTa thatA bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNanA eNnyuala ripoTa ena inDiyana epigrAphImAM gujarAtanA je seMkaDo saMskRtanA abhilekhAnI noMdha thaI che tethI ApaNA itihAsa saMzodhana kSetranA vizArade jJAta hoya tema lAgatuM nathI. 3. phrAbasa gujarAtI sabhA, mubaI e dhaNAM varSAM pahelAM zrI girAza kara vallabhajI AcAya kRta gujarAtanA aitihAsika' lekha traNa bhAgamAM prasiddha karyA hatA. tyAra pachI I. sa. 1979 ane 1981 mAM sabhAe DaoN. hariprasAda ga`gAzaMkara zAstrI sa`kalita je me bhAgeA-bhAga 4 saltanata kAla' ane bhAga 5 'mudhalakAla'-prasiddha karyAM temAM gujarAtI ke a'grejI sAmayiAmAM ke riperTIMmAM je saMskRta gujarAtI abhilekhe prakAzita thayA che tenuM saMkalana karyu` che. upara jaNAvela eNnyuala ripATa oNna inDiyana epigrAphImAM nAMdhAyela salatanata ane mulakAlanA lekhA DaoN. zAstrInA sakalita bhAgeAmAM levAyA lAgatA nathI. ahI' e vAtano ullekha asthAne nahi gaNAya ke ghaNA eka samaya pahelAM vATsana myujhiyama, rAjakoTanA kayureTara zrI dattAtreya bI. Diskalakarai kAThiyAvADanA abhilekheA para nyU inDiyana eNnTikavarI (agrejI) sAmayikamAM kAThiyAvADanA nAgarI lipinA je abhilekhA prasiddha karyAM hatA te 'inkripzansa eNpha kAThiyAvADa'nA nAme pustakAkAre paNu karNATaka pablIzIMga hAusa muMbaI taraphathI pragaTa thayela. paratu gujarAtanA meTA bhAganA itihAsa tathA zrI hiLakara baMnenA prayAseAnuM mULa dhyeya te! veTsana myujhiyamanA kayureTara zrI vallabhajI haradatta AcAryane jAya che. zrI vallabhajI e 'bhAvanagara prAcIna zeAdha saMgraha'mAM sa`kalita saMskRta gujarAtI temaja kAsa inkripzanam bhavagarInA arabo phArasI abhilekhA AjathI eka saikA uparAMta pUrve 56 ] [sAmIpya H eprila, '93-sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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gujarAta tathA gujarAtanI sarahade Avela rAjasthAnanA amuka bhAgeAmAMthI ekatra karI, pratyeka lekhanI kAgaLa para chApa laI dareka lekhanA pATha tenuM bhASAMtara tathA te para savistara TippaNI judA judA kAgaLa para lakhI temane lekhavAra baMDalamAM surakSita mUkela. vallabhajInA A abhilekha adhyayana kA temanA putra zrI giriAza kare temanA gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekhA' bhAga 1-3 tathA zrI DiskaLakare temanA inkripzansa oNpha kAThiyAvADamAM pUrepUrA upayAga karyo che, vAstavamAM A kAnu' zreya zrI vallabhajIne jAya che. naguNI gujarAte zrI valabhajI AcA` jevA bIjA e mahAna itihAsakArAne jemaNe gujarAta bahAra gujarAtanuM nAma dipAvyuM che temane sAva bhulAvI dIdhA che. tyAM sudhI ke mATA bhAganA itihAsanA adhyApakone paNa temanA nAmanI khabara nahi haiAya. preAphesara zApurajI hAramasajI hADIvAlA je bahAuddIna koleja, jUnAgaDhamAM prinsipAla hatA, temanuM nAma mAtra bhAratamAM nahi paNa vizvamAM jeTaluM jANItu che teTalu gujarAtamAM nathI. khInna nAmeAmAM sadgata maulAnA saiyada abUjhaphara nadavI (prAdhyApaka, gujarAta vidyA sabhA) temaja pre. mANekazAha kemisariyeTanA nAma laI zakAya. 4. 'mirAte ahamadI'mAM ahamadAbAdanA mehulA, cakalA, rastAonuM vageretu' savistara vadhyuM na che. paraMtu temAM zekhA mUM^lanI pALanA ullekha maLatA nathI. zrI ratnamaNirAva bhImarAva jeTanA atimUlyavAna gujarAtanuM pATanagara amadAvAda'mAM paNa amadAvAdanI pALAnA varNanamAM zekhA mu'jAlanI poLanA ullekha nathI. 5. maeNnyuala ripeTa Ana inDiyana epigrAphI (eriIe). 1956-57, pariziSTa," naM. 15, epigrAkriyA InDikA arebika eNnDa paziyana saplImenTa', 1963, pR. 48. 6. A lekhA traNlR kamarA para che jenA ullekha AgaLa upara karavAmAM Avaze. 7. eriie, 1956-58, 3-15, ejana, 1957-58, a-141. 8. juo TippaNI naM. 5. gujarAtanA sulatAneAnA bIjA amuka abhilekhAnI jema zekhA muMjAlanIvAvavALA saMskRta abhilekhaneA ullekha gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekhA bhA. 4 (muMbaI 1979)mAM nathI. 9. eriIe, 1957-58, a-141mAM rAjavInA kolamamAM murrAMhanu nAma che je bhUla lAge che. 10. zekhA munala jevu' asAmAnya nAma, muAla parivAranA zekhAnA putra miyAM hAzimajI sameta sadasyAnI vAvane lagatA AvelA ArastAnamAM AvelI kamarA tathA zekhA mu MjAla pALamAM Aje paNa sA TakA vastI dAudI vaheArAbhAInI che te badhI hakIkta A aMte vyaktie eka ja 11. eriIe, 195yu-57, na. 4-13, 13. ejana, 1956-57, na.. Da-14 14. DaoN. muhamada abdullAha yudhatAI, muslima monyumenTsa oNpha ahamadAbAda thrU iTsa Inkripzansa (puNe, 1942), pR. 70, gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekha, bhA. 4, pR. 53. 15. inDiyana hisTorikala kvoTalI, pR. 4, pR. 766, Ti. 3. hatI tenI ghotaka che. 12. ejana, 1963-64, na. 3-65 16. gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekha, bhAga 4, pR. 23. 17. vastI gaNatarInA patrakAmAM kadAca A mAhitI maLe. amadAvAda zaheranu eka sthaLanAma : zekhA munalanI pALa ] For Private and Personal Use Only [ 57

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madhyakAlIna gujarAtamAM pracAjAyelA keTalAka sama AjhA samaya nirdezamAM sahuthI vadhu mahattvanuM aMga vu` che, paraMtu evA kayA saMvatanuM che e mAlUma paDe te ja e upayeAgI nIvaDe che. gujarAtanAM lakhANAmAM kAlagaNunAne lagatA sauthI prAcIna ullekhA abhilekheAmAM Ave che. emAM vaparAyelA dhaNA saMvatA AgaLa jatAM gujarAtanA sAhityika lakhANeAmAM paNa maLe che. emAMnA keTalAka saMvata vahelAM meDAM bhAratanA khInna bhAgeAmAM pratyeAjAyA che, jyAre kAI soMvata kevaLa gujarAtamAM ja vaparAyA che. Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir aitihAsika kAlanA AraMbhamAM bhAratamAM koI saLa Mga savata pracalita nahAtA. bhAratamAM saLaga saMvatane prayAga anumauya kAla (I. sa. 185-I. sa. 719) daramyAna zarU thayA. mauya samrATa azAkanA abhilekhomAM rAjyAbhiSekanAM varSo prayAAyAM che. 58 ] savA prAcInakAlamAM gujarAtanA abhilekhAmAM vikrama, zaka, kathika, gupta-valI, kalasuri, siMha, siddha-hema-kumAra, vIranirvANa, hijarI jevA saMvatAnA prayAga thayelA mAlUma paDe che. emAMnA vikrama, zaka, vIranirvANa, hijarI jevA savA prAcInakAla pachI paNu adyApipaya ta prayeAAya che. jyAre kathika, guta-valabhI, kalacuri ane siMha tema ja siddha-hema-kumAra jevA saMvateA prAcInakAla pUratA maryAdita rahyA. gujarAtamAM madhyakAla daramyAna vikrama, zaka, hijarI, ilAhI, sUrasana, kaliyuga, Ame'niyana, yajhadagadI, isavI sana jevA saMvA prayeAjAyelA che. atre ilAhI, sUrasana, kaliyuga, Ameniyana, yajhadagadI`sananA paricaya Apela che. ilAhI sana muslimakAla daramyAna upalabdha thatA saMskRta abhilekhAmAMthI vikrama, zaka ane hijarI sa'vatane nirdeza maLe che. tema keTalAka zilAlekheAmAM khAsa karIne jaina pratimA lekhAmAM ilAhI saMvatane nirdeza paNa upalabdha thAya che. mutrala bAdazAha akabare 'dIne-4-ilAhI' nAme navA dhama'nI sthApanA karyAM pachI IlAhI sana' nAme navI sana zarU karI. e pahelAM enA rAjyamAM hijarI sana pracalita hatI. akabaranA darabAramAM eka vidvAna abdula kAdira badAyUnIe 'muMtamajI tavArIkha'mAM jaNAvyA anusAra bAdazAha akabare hijarI sana dUra karI tArIkha-4--ilAhI nAme navI sana calAvI. jenu` 1 lu` varSa bAdazAhanA takhtanazInInu va hatuM. vAstavamAM A saMvata akabaranA rAjya 29 arthAt hijarI 992 (I.sa. 1594)thI cAlye. paraMtu enA 1lA rAjyavathI gaNAvA lAgyA. akabaranI takhtanazInInI miti 2 ravIkassAnI hijarI sana 96 3 (I. sa. 1556, 14 phebru, zukravAra=vi sa. 1612, zaka 1468 phAlguna, kRSNa 4) che. IrAnIenA varSAMteA pahelo mahinA pharavaradIna zarU thayA tyArathI eTale takhtanazInInI miti pachI 25 divasa bAda 28, ravIussAnI hi. sa. 963 (I. sa. 1556, 11 mAca^=vi. sa. 1612, amAvAsyA)e zarU thayA. adhyApaka, bhAratIya saskRtika vibhAga, eca. ke. ArTsa kaoNleja, amadAvAda For Private and Personal Use Only [ sAmIpya : eprila, '97-sapTe., 193

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sADI manane 'tArIkha---lArI parNa kahe che. A sananAM va" saura ane mahinA tema ja tArIkhonAM nAma IrAnI che. khA bAbatamAM kabarane jayAtI sananI pati khAsa pasaMda hatI. anu. rAjyArAvaNa tA rakhI UssAnI mahinAnI 2 jI tArIkhe (14 .) thayela', pazu e pachI 26 vise (11 mArce) jadhAstI vanA pahelA mahinA zarU thayA te, te divasathI kADhI sananI pahelo mahinA gavAmAM AAvyo, paraMtu jarathostI varSanA dareka mahinA 30 divasanA gaNuAya che ne varSane aMte pAMca divasa umeravAmAM Ave che, jyAre ilAhI sanamAM kAI mahine 29 divasanA, kAI 31 divasanA ane eka mahinA 32 divasanA gaLu, ne e rIte va kula 365 divasanu thatu.2 vaLI dara cothA varSe 1 divasa umeravAmAM AvatA hatA Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir ilAhI sananA bhAra mahinAonAM nAma jayAratI sananA mahinAo pramANe rAkhavAmAM gALyo. evI rIte mahinAnA rAjanAM nAma pabu judAM judAM rAkhavAmAM AvyAM ne emAMnA pahelA 40 nAma bhAratI rAjanAM nAma pramANe khAyAM. rAja 41 mATe 'rAja' ane rAja3 mATe 'za' nAma rakhAyuM. eka bIjAthI alaga pADavA 'prathama' ane 'dvitIya' kahevAtA 12 mAsanA nAma nIce pramANe che : 5. mIradAda 6. zarIura 6. mikira 8. akhAna 1 pharavaradIna 2 adI mehista hU A 3 khurAda 10. deza 11 bahumana 12. 4 tIra Ismandama jha A sananA varSamAM 1555-1556 umeravAthI I. sa.nuM varSa Ave che. A sana ekabaranA tathA jahAMgIranA rAjyakAla daramyAna pracalita rahI. para`tu zAhajahAMe hijarI sana cAlu karI tethI mArI sananA lApa thayA.4 amadAvAdanA rAyapura vistAramAM AvelI zAmaLAnI poLamAMnA zAmaLA pAnAthanA ma'mAMnA mApanI bhIMtamAM AvelA lekhamAM khA 'vatanA nirdeza karelo che, "savata 1953 alAi 42 varSa pAtisAhiM zrI bAra vijaya rAjye...' A zilAlekhanu mahattva temAM nirdeza karelA ilAhI athavA alAi sahevatamAM che. alAi saMvata 42=vikrama saMvata 1653mAM lakhAyelA prastuta lekhanI madadathI lApta saMvata, vikrama savaMta 1611 ane I. sa. 1555 thI rthAta bharanA rAjyA milekanA varSathI zarU thayA hovAnA mata bAMdhI zakAya. A savatanuM' prathama varSa vikrama savaMta 1612 nA caitra amAvAsyA tArIkha 11mI mArca, 1556 mAM pUruM thayuM... hAya ema A zilAlekhathI jaNAya che.pa meDatAnA mahAvIranA maMdiramAM kaMpano lekha che. khaMbhAtanA ciMtAmaNlRi pArzvanAthanA derAsaranI pratimA upara lAThI sanata 46=vi. sa. 1658nA lekha che." Ama, akabaranA khA ilAMthI varSanA upayega jaina pratimA lekhomAM ane zilAlekhAmAM thayelA jovA maLe che, zAphTa ke sura sana A saMvataneA khInnapuranA AdilazAhI rAjAnA pharamAnAmAM prayoga thayA che e hijarI sananu rUpAMtara che. ene 'arakhIsana' ke 'mRgasAla' pa kahe che. dUra (ke zudra) e nAma arabI zabda 'zahera' (mahinA)nA bahuvacananA rUpamAMthI vyutpanna thayuM lAge che. sUra e prAya: enA arakhI nAmanu` marAThI rUpAMtara che.10 adhyakAlIna gujarAtamAM prAjAyelA keTalAka savA] For Private and Personal Use Only [ pa

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enAM varSa tathA enA mAsa saura che. enA varSamAM 599-600 umeravAthI I. sa.nuM varSa ane 656-57 umeravAthI vi. saM. Ave che. A saMvatane AraMbha I. sa. 1344nA me mAsanI 15 mIe (vi. saM. 1401, je. sudi 2) sUrya mRgazira nakSatramAM hato tyAre thayela hovAnuM mAluma paDe che. 15 enAM varSa sUrya mRganakSatramAM praveza kare tyAre arthAta 5mI, 6 ThThI ke 7mI jUne zarU thAya che. tethI ene "mRga-sAla' kahe che. A saMvatanAM varSa aMkethI nahIM paNa arabI zabdonAM marAThI rUpAMto dvArA darzAvAya che, jema ke 1=ahada (ahade), 2=AsanA (Isane), 3 salAha (salIsa), 4=arabA, pakhassA (khammAsa), 6 sirA (sitta), kasabA (simbA), 8 = samAniA (sammAna), 9 = tasaA (tissA), 10 = azara, 11 = aha6 azara, 12 = asnA (Isane) azara, 13 = salAha (salAsa) azara, 14= arabA azara, 15 = khakhkhA (khammasa) azara, 20 = azarInuM, 30 = salAsIna (salAsIna), 40 = arabaIna, 50 = khammIna, 60 = nittIna (sidauna), 70 = sakhIna (sau), 80 = samAnInuM (sammAnIna), 90 = tisaIna (tisauna), 100 = mAyA (mayA), 200 = mAatIna (mAtana), 380 = salAsa mAyA ( silAsa mayA), 400 = arabA mAyA, 1000 = alapha (alapha), 10,000 = azaalaphaM. * uparokta AMkaDAo zabdamAM lakhavA mATe prathama zabda ekama, bIje dazaka, trIje zataka ane cotha hajAra batAve che. dA. ta. 1317 mATe "salAse ae salAsa mAyA va alapha" la zAdUra sananI utpatti vize koI cokkasa mAhitI maLatI nathI. paraMtu sulatAna muhammada tughalake (I. sa. 1325-1351) dilhIthI daulatAbAda rAjadhAnI khaseDI tyAre ravi ane kharIpha e baMne phasale niyata mahinAomAM vasUla karavA mATe eNe dakhaNamAM hijarI sananuM A saura rUpAMtara pracalita karyuM hoya evuM enA pracalita thayAnA varSa I. sa. 1344, 15 me (vi. saM. 1401, jya. zudi 2) 1 muharama, hi. saM. 745 parathI sUcita thAya che.13 A saMvata dakhaNanA marAThI bhASI pradezamAM pracalita hato. hAla e kavacita marAThI paMcAMgomAM je dekhA de che. marAThI paMcAMgamAM vaizAkha kRSNa 13 (amAMta-pUrNimAMta jeTha kRSNa 13) zukravArane "mRgAka" lakhyuM che ane sAthe phasalI sana 1328 aba sana 1319 sUna sana "tisA azara sahalAse mayA va alapha' lakhyuM che. (tisA = 9, azara = 10, sahavAse gayA = 300, va = ane, alapha = 1000 tethI 1319 thAya).14 bharUcanA makhadumapuramAM Avela saiyada zaraphadIna mazahadI nAmanA saMtapuruSanA rajA para zudUrasana 1mAM e pUNa thayo tevo lekha che. 15 A saMvatanA ulekhe madhyakAla daramyAna ghaNAM jUja pramANamAM maLe che. kaliyuga saMvata jayotiSanA graMthomAM tathA paMcAMgomAM kaliyuga saMvatanAM varSa ApavAmAM Ave che. 16 ene AraMbha I. pU. 3102 mAM thayo manAya che. paraMtu A saMvatanA ulekha I. sa.nI AraMbhika sadIothI thayA che. kaliyuga saMvata ane zaka saMvatanA varSa vacce 3178 varSa taphAvata che. AthI ka. sa.nA varSamAMthI pahelA nava dasa mahinA daramyAna 3101 ane chellA be traNa mahinA daramyAna 3100 bAda karavAthI I. sa.nuM varSa Ave che. dA. ta. zaka varSa 1894 (autrAdi vi. saM. 2029) mAM kaliyuga saMvatanuM varSa 2073 hovAnuM manAya che, jyAre I. sa. 1972-73 Ave che. 10 [ sAmIpya : eprila, '93-sapTe, 1993 60] For Private and Personal Use Only

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cAlukya rAjA pulakezI 2 jAnA aiheLe zilAlekhamAM bhArata yuddhanu vaSa 3735 ane zaka saMvatanuM varSa 556 jaNAvyuM che.18 A be varSa vacce 3179 varSane taphAvata che. Ama emAM bhArata yuddha kaliyuganA AraMbhe thayuM hovAnuM manAya che. arthAta kaliyuga saMvata ane bhAratayuddha saMvata ahIM eka ja manAyA che. bhArata yuddha samApta thatAM tarata ja yudhiSThirane rAjyAbhiSeka thayo gaNuya che. AthI tene "yudhiSThira saMvata' paNa kahe che. A saMvatano AraMbha "sUryasiddhAMta' pramANe 17-18 pheba, I. pU. 3102, guruvAranI madharAte thayela che to keTalAkanA mate 18 phebra. zukravAranA sUryodayathI A saMvatane AraMbha thayo hovAnuM manAya che. A saMvatanA varSa rautrAdi ane meSAdi bane che. khagoLanA graMthomAM ane paMcAMgomAM A saMvatane prayoga thayelo jovA maLe che. paMcAMgomAM gata, vartamAna ane baMne prakAranAM varSo prajAtAM, 58 A saMvatane prayoga abhilekhomAM kavacita jovA maLe che. govAnA kadamba rAjAonA I. sa. 1167 thI I. sa. 1247 sudhInA keTalAka abhilekhomAM kaliyuga saMvata Apela che. 20 mughalakAla daramyAna upalabdha peTalAdanI vAvanA zilAlekhamAM kaliyuga saMvatane pravega thayele che. emAM "naMdakAdiyuge 4798 mitte kaligate zrI vikramAke prabhorabda paMcazarAdribhU 155 parimite..." A lekhamAM kaliyuga saMvatanuM varSa 4799 vikrama saMvatanA 1755 varSa sAthe ApeluM che.' Armeniyana saMvata gujarAtamAM Ameniyana khristIo mughalakAlamAM vasatA hatA. 22 amadAvAda, surata vagere sthaLoe emanI kabara AvelI che. lorDa sTIphananA samayane (Armeniyana) saMvata 1077 (I. sa. 162829)ne eka kabara zilAlekha amadAvAdamAM kAMkariyA taLAva pAse maLelA che.23 A saMvatane prasAra karanAra Armeniyana lokono pradeza ArmeniyA kALA samudranI dakSiNe tema ja IrAnanI uttara pazcime Avela che. Armeniyana lokono saMvata "Armeniyana saMvata' tarIke oLakhAya che. 24 A saMvatano AraMbha 11 mI julAI, I. sa. 552 thI thayeluM manAya che. vyavahAramAM AmeMniyana lokoe IjiptanA junA saMvatanAM anizcita varSono prayoga karyo, paraMtu dhArmika rIte to juliyana kelenDaranAM varSo mujaba teo gaNatarI karatA. e anusAra dara cothuM varSa ka66 divasanuM hoya che, AthI tahevAro badhI ja RtuomAM ane vyavahAramAM eka ja vakhate Ave che. AmeM. niyana loko yuropiyana sAthenAM vyavahAramAM Armeniyana saMvata ane jaliyana kaeNlenDaranAM varSono prayoga karatA.25 A saMvatanA mahinA temaja divasa judI rIte gaNAtA, paraMtu ahIM prayojAyelI mitio te I. sa.nA mahinAM ane tArIkha pramANe gaNutI. I. sa. ane A saMvata vacceno taphAvata 55ra ne rahe che eTale ke A saMvatane varSamAM 5para umeravAthI I. sa.no AMkaDo meLavI zakAya che.26 yajhadagAsana IrAnathI bhArata AvelA pArasIomAM yajhadagadasana pracalita che. tene jarathostI sana" "pArasI. sana" paNa kahe che. hAlanA pArasIo je yajhadagaddasanane prayoga kare che te rAja yajhadagada 3 jA gAdIe beThA (I. sa. 632, 16 jUna) tyArathI zarU thayo. 27 IrAnanA ane bhAratanA pArasIo A yajhadagadasanane prayoga kare che. yajhadaga 3 nI hatyA madhyakAlIna gujarAtamAM prayojAyelA keTalAka saMvata ] [ 1 For Private and Personal Use Only

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7. mahera pachI irAnanA pArasIomAM yajhadagaradI sana ane pArasI sana baMne prayojAvA lAgyA. pArasI sana yajhagaI rAjAnI hatyA thaI te varSathI arthAt I. sa. 65ra thI zarU thayo. abephanIe jaNAvyuM che ke pArasI sana yajhadagada sanamAMthI 20 bAda karavAthI Ave che. pArasI sana Era Mayorum the era of the Magians tarIke oLakhAto. pArasIsana padalavI hastaprato ane phArasI revAyatomAM pArasI dastUro prayojatA. IrAnamAM racAyela palavI hastapratanI puSikAomAM be sananA ullekha maLe che. 1. yajhadagada sana 2. pArasIka (palavImAM) ke pArasI sana. pArasI sananI sahuthI prathama miti pahalavI pupikAomAM varSa 369nI (I. sa. 1741) maLe che. A parathI yajhadagada sananI sAthe pArasI sanano prayoga IrAnamAM I. sa.nI 18 mI sadInA madhyabhAga sudhI thayelo jovA maLe che. bhAratanA pArasI dastUra yajhadagada sanano prayoga kare che. 28 yujhadagada sana yajhadagaI 3 jAnA rAjayahaNathI zarU thayo. eTale ke yajhadagaI sanane AraMbha 16 jUna, I. sa. 632 thI thaye.29 enA varSamAM 630-6 31 umeravAthI I. sa.nuM varSa Ave che. A sananAM varSa saura che. emAM 30-30 divaMA 12 mAsa gaNavAmAM Ave che. enAM nAma che : 1. pharavaradIna 5. amaradAda 9. Adara : 2. aradI bahasta 6. zaherevara 10. deha 3. kheradAda 11. bahamana 4. khera 8. AvAM 12. aMdAramaMda enA roja saMkhyAkathI nahI paNa prAya: nAmathI dazavAya che. . 1. amaradAda 11. saroza 21. AsmAna 2. depaAdara 12, ne 22. jamIAda 3. Adara 13. pharavaradIna 23. mArespada 4. AvAM 14. beherAma 24. anezana 5. khorazeda 15. rAma 25. hAramajhada 6. mahera 16. govAda 26. behamanA 7. tIra 17. daepadIna 27, adI behasta 8. goza 18* dIna 28. zeherevara - 9, depamehera 19, AzIzavaMdha 29. azaphanahAmada 10. mehera 20, AsvAda 30. kheradAda chelA mahinAnA 30 mAM 2ja pachI pAMca gAthAnA divasa umeravAmAM Ave che. e rIte varSa kula 365 divasanuM thAya che. ne chatAM mahinAnA divasanI saMkhyA ekasarakhI rahe che. saura varSa kharI rIte lagabhaga 365-25 divasanuM hoya che ne AthI dara 120 varSo jarathostI varSa 30 divasa jeTala pAchaLa paDe che. AthI emAM dara 120 varSe 1 mAsa umeravAmAM Ave che. A adhika mAsane kabIsA' kahe che.30 navA varSanI gaNatarI bAbatamAM matabheda thavAthI jarathostI dhama mukhya traNa saMpradAyamAM vaheMcAI gayo che. (1) zahenazAhI (2) kadamI ane (3) phasalI.31 62] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '93,-sapTe, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vanI gaNutarInA jhadhaDAne 'kIsAne kalaha' kahe che. jarathuAstIe peAtAnuM varSa 365 divasanuM gaNe che. bAkInA pAMca kalAka ane 48 miniTa temaja 49 seMkaDane tee gaNutarImAM letA nathI. prAcIna IrAnanA zahenazAha dara 120 vaSa~nA aMte kabase|' (adhika mAsa) karIne peAtAnu paMcAMga meLavI letA hatA. i. sa. 1930 mAM hiMdustAnanA pArasIee prathamavAra ja e vAtanI noMdha lIdhI ke teo peAtAnu' navuM varSa IrAnanA jatheAstI karatAM eka mahinA meDuM zarU kare che. varSInI A gaNatarIne kAraNe jarathestIomAM je matabheda UbhA thayA te 'kakhIsAneA kalahu'nA nAme oLakhAyA. A matabhedane kAraNe ja jarathAstI dharmAMmAM AgaLa darzAvelA traNa patha paDI gayA. bIsA'nI paddhatine apanAvanArA 'zahenazAhI' kahevAya che. zahenazAhI-pa'thIe 'zamI' eTale razama rUDhi pramANe cAlanArA kahevAya che. sUryanI gaNatarI pramANe varSanI zarUAta karanArA jarasthAztI' 'salI' kahevAya che. ane te peAtAnuM navu varSa 'jamazedI navarAjha'thI zarU thayeluM gaNe che. jemaNe jUnavANI patine svIkAra na karyAM ane vanI gaNutarInI bAtamAM navuM kama bharyu' tee 'kadamI' kahevAyA 2 kadamIe zahenazAha karatAM potAnu va eka mAsa vahelu' gaNe che. kadamIonuM navuM varSa` 19mI AgaSTathI zarU thAya che. jyAre zahenazAhIenuM 19mI sapTembarathI zarU thAya che. zahenazAhIe'nA mate dara 120 varSe eka adhika mAsa gaNAtA. te parziyAnA sAmrAjyanA aMta pachI khArAsAnamAM rahyA tyAre eka mAsa adhika AvyA hatA. paraMtu teo bhAratamAM AvyA tyAre A adhika mAsa gaNavAnI paddhati pArasIomAM pracalita nahAtI. AthI kamIenA pAMcAMgamAM zahenazAhIonu varSI eka mAsa pAchaLa che. karmIonA mata mujaba pArasI poMcAMgamAM adhika mAsa gaNAtA nahI.33 A traNeya sa`pradAyenA matabheda mAtra varSanI gaNatarI bAbatamAM ja che, bAkI emanI dhArmika mAnyatAo, rItarivAja ane kriyAkAMDamAM kAI taphAvata nathI. yajhadagada sananA ullekhA Abhilekhaka ane sAhityika stroteAmAMthI upalabdha thAya che. temAMthI yajhadagadIsana, mahinA ane rAjanAM nAma maLe che. u, ta. Ayasa baherAma kriyAkAma karatAM tADI nahI' pIvA bAbateneA sa` 1626 lekha maLI Avela che. temAM "rAja arabehasta mAhu aspa dAramada saMvata 1626 varSe je koI bAja dhare te tetalA dahADA ApaNasI tubate agIyAramAMthI rahe teTalA dahADA daravada sAthe aDake nahI'34 uparAkta TharAvamAM rAja aradamehatA ane mAhu apa'dAramadA ullekha che. a'kalezvaramAM Avela eka pRththaranA dekhamA upara rAja 12 mAha 11 (ze) 866 jaraDI'' lakhela che.35 A lekhamAM yajhadagadI sana 866, rAja 12, mAha 11nA ullekha che. yajada. navasArImAMthI prApta jUnA lekhAnI hastapratamAM rAja 5 mAha ke (ze.) 1102 yajadajaradIne ullekha che.36 AmAM yajhadagadI` sana 1102, rAja 5, mAha 6nA ullekha che. A rIte revAyAmAM, jUnI hastapratamAM, dekhamA upara, visayatanAmAmAMthI, darramehura paraThAvI DhAya tyAre temaja sAhityika srotAmAMthI yajhadagadI sananA ullekhA prApta thAya che. For Private and Personal Use Only Asa madhyakAla daramyAna vikrama saMvatanA pracura prayAga jovA maLe che. je adya paryaMta cAlu che tema chatAM madhyakAlanA upalabdha sAhityika tema ja Abhilekhika srotAne abhyAsa karatAM jAya che ke A kAla daramyAna IlAhI sana, zAhura ke sUrasana, kaliyuga sa`vata, Armeniyana sa vata, majhagadI sananeA paNa vattA ochA aMzamAM upayAga thayeleA che. sabhyaphrAlIna gujarAtamAM prayeAAyelA keTalA saMvatA ] [a

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pATIe 1. muni vizAlavijayajI, "kAvI-gaMdhAra-jhaghaDiyA" (kAgajha), pR. 15, 18, 27; "jena tIrtha sava saMgraha' (jetIsasa), bhAga-1, khaMDa-1, pR. 60 AjhA, gaurIzaMkara hI. "bhAratIya prAcIna lipimAlA, (bhAprAli). pra. 193; Indian Ep igraphy (IE), p. 306-ka mahino keTalA divasano gaNAto enI vigata nakakI thaI nathI. 3. Sewell, Robert and Dikshit, S. B; Indian Calendar (IC.), p. 46 4. zAstrI, ha. gaM. "bhAratIya abhilekhavidyA' (bhAavi), pR. 210. 5. mahetA, 2. nA, ane jamInadAra, raseza, "amadAvAdamAM IlAhI saMvatane zilAlekha," "sAmI." pu. 5, aMka 3-4, (1988-89), pR. 214-216 6. muni jinavijayajI," prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha," bhAga-2, pR. 305 7. zrI buddhisAgarasUri, jaina dhAtu pratimA lekha saMgraha' (jaidhApralesa), bhAga-2, pR. 104 8. bhAavi, pR. 203 9. bhAprAli, pR. 191; IE, p. 311 10-11 IE, p. 311; IC, p. 45 12. bhAkAli, pR. 191 13. IE, p. 311 14. bhAkAli, pR. 191 15. munazI, dhanaprasAda ca', "bharUcanA IslAmIyuganA zilAlekho," "phArbasa gujarAtI sabhA mAsika" (phAgu), pR. 4, aMka-7, pR. 316-17 16. 18mI phebranA prAta:kAlamAM (bhAkAli, pR. 161) 17. bhAavi, pR. 185 18. ejana, pR. 161; Indian Antiquary (IA), Vol. 14, p. 218 19. IC., p. 40 20. 1A, Vol. 14, p. 288 21. zAstrI, ha. gaM., "gujarAtanA aitihAsika lekha' (guela), bhAga 1, pR. 91, kamAMka-14 2. Commissariat, M. s; History of Gujurat, Vol. I, p. 337 Rape, E. L; An Armareian Epigraph at Ahmedabad,' "Journal of Oriental Institute" (JOI), Vol. 17, p. 22 zAstrI, ha, ga'ane parIkha, pra. thi, "gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa (gurAsAMI), graMtha 1, pR. 495 24. Encyclopidia Britanica (EB), Vol. 6 p. 316 26. gurAsAMI, graMtha 1, pR. 495 27. Mirza, Horamzdayar Dastur Khoyaji, Outlines of Parasi History,' p. 165 Fn. 1 Ibid, p. 183 29 ER, Vol 28, p. 909 30. bhAvi , pR. 208 31. gurAsAMI, graMtha 7, pR. 328 32. perIna dArAM DrAIvara, 'sattaramA zatakamAM pAssI kavioe racelI gujarAtI kavitA' (apragaTa mahAnibaMdha), pR. 83-84 33. Karaca Dosabhai Faramaji, The Histovy of the Parsis,' p. 109 34. daragAhavAlA ImAmuddIna sadarUdIna, "muslima rAjayamAM zarAbabaMdI' (I. sa. 1031 thI I. sa. * 2 1700), phAgu, pu. 4, aMka 3, pR. 31deg 35. "pArasI prakAza,' bhAga-1, pR. 7 36. ejana, pR. 29 64] [ sAmIpya H eprila, '97sapTe., 1993 24. For Private and Personal Use Only

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saMskRta kavinuM eka alpajJAta kuTumba Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir siddhAtha' ya. vAkaNakara* bhAratamAM jJAnaneA prasAra mukhyatve maukhika para parAthI ja cAlatA hatA. AmAM guruziSya paraM parAthI ja jJAnanuM saMkramaNa thatu hatuM. pramukhatayA pitA e ja prathama guru hatA ane gAyatrInA upadeza (upanayana) pachI putrane gurukulamAM dAkhala karavAnI paddhati pracAramAM hatI. AvI paraMparA ghaNAM vidvAna kuLAmAM-kuTumbAmAM hajI sudhI dekhAya che. A paraparAnI eka khAsiyata e hatI ke eka ja kuTumbamAM dhaNA vidvAna taiyAra thatA hatA. 'ziSyAdrievarAlaya A udAtta bhAvanAthI guru ziSyane (pitA putrane) badhI ja rIte sarvotkRSTa zikSaNu ApavA utsuka hatA. AnA pariNAme vidrAnI eka paraparA ja AvAM kuTumbemAM jovA maLatI hatI. AvA prakAranA eka kuTumbanA traNa vidvAne paricaya A lekhamAM ApavA icchuM chuM. AzA che ke vidvAnA ene sArA AvakAra Apaze. trivikrama, nIlaka'Tha ane mukuMda A traNu karNATakI brAhmaNA kavi tarIke atyAra sudhI apanAta rahelA che, trivikrame 'kuvalayAzvampa' udde` 'madAlasAcampa' ane '5cAyudhaprapa ca bhANu' AvI e kRtienI racanA karI. emanA jyeSTha putra nIlaka8 ane kaniSTha putra mukuM%0 hatA. nIlakaMThe 'yAdavendumahezya' mahAkAvya (10 saga'), 'zaMkarAbhyudaya' ladhu(kha'Da) kAvya (cha sa') ane 'zaMkaramaMdAra saurabhacampa' (6 ullAsa) A traNa kAvyagraMtha racyA. muku de 'caNDIdaDaka' nAmanuM steAtra ane meATAbhAI nIlakaMThanA zakaramadAra saurabhacampU' upara 'samIra' nAmanI TIkA lakhI che. trivikramanA baMne graMtha ane nIlakaMThanA zaMkarAbhyazya' kAvya mudrita thayelAM che, bAkI badhA grantha haju sudhI hastalikhita svarUpamAM ja sacavAyelA che. mATe ajJAta ja rahelAM che. emane vidvAna samakSa rajU karavAnA prayatna A lekhamAM karyAM che. trivikrama : puNyagrAma (mahArASTrasthita puNe)nA rahevAsI trivikrama prakAMDa pa`Dita hatA. emanAM patnInuM nAma pA'tI hatu.... emane nIlakaNTha ane mukuMda nAmanA e putra hatA. emanA pitAnuM nAma ciddhanAnandanAtha ane mAtAnuM nAma anasUyA (urphe vekammA / kekammA) hatuM. emanA moTAbhAInuM nAma tryambaka hatuM. e paNa prakANDa paDita hatA. paNa emaNe kAI kAvya graMtha lakhyA hAya evI mAhitI maLatI nathI. emanI vidvattAnuM vana trivikrama peAtAnA 'paMcAmrudhaprapa'cabhANu'nA AThamA zlokamAM kare che. je ApaNe pachI joIzuM. trivikrame e graMtha lakhyA evI mAhitI maLe che. ane khaMte graMtha prasiddha-prakAzita-thayelA cheemanuM prathama graMtha-ratna che nalarAjAnuM caritrava`nayukta ullAsamAM viracita 'kuvalayAyapU' sa`zodhana adhikArI, prAcya-vidyAma`dira, ma. sa. yunivarsi`TI, vaDodarA sa MskRta kavinuM eka advapajJAta kuTumba ] For Private and Personal Use Only [65

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uphe "madAlasAcampa" e muMbaIthI I. sa. 1890mAM graMtha ratnamAlA kamAMka-4 tarIke prakAzita thayo che. emane bIje graMtha che. saMskRta sAhityamAM racele sauthI moTo bhANa eTale "paMcAyudhaprapaMca bhANuM". A bhANumAM ja chelle Avo ullekha che ke e bhANuM zaka 1727 (I. sa. 1805)mAM puNe zaheramAM racAya che. A baMne graMthanA Adi bleka ane aMtima zloka eka ja che je nIce pramANe che: Adi : granthasya likhyamAnasyAsyAntarA patatAM muhuH / . zAntyarthamantarAyANAM zivAM paJcamayIM numaH // 'anta : trivikramakRtAmetAM zItAMzusahajAsakhAM / trivikramaH kRti pAyAdapAyAdaghasambhavAt / / paMcAyuSaprapaMcabhANanA AThamA ane navamA lokamAM trivikrama patAnA bhAI yaMbaka, sAthe ja pitAnA ane potAnA pitA cidhanAnandanAthanA jJAna-zikSaNanI pArzvabhUmi jaNAvatAM lakhe che. nyAyAmbhonidhimandaraH zruti ziraH kAsArapAThInarAT mImAMsA trimunizrutaprakaTitAnalpAtmadhIvaibhavaH / yaH sAhityakalAvilolanayanAmAGgalyasUtra dRDhaM so'ya tryambakapaNDito vijayate yasyAgrajaH sodaraH / / na kevalamagrajo vidyApradazca / (sAzcarya) kiM vaya ? "kimayamanavadyasakalavidyAnidhesyambakavidvanmaNeranujanmanA trivikrameNa praNIto bhANa: ? tarhi vidita evAyamasmAkam / yatkAruNyAtkavayituramuSyAgrajaH khyAtakIrtiH loke sArasvatajalanidheH pAradazvA babhUva / so'yaM vidyAguNamaNikhaniH sarvamantrAtmamUrtiH tAto yasya tridazadazazcidghanonandanAthaH // A be zloka uparathI evuM spaSTa thAya che ke baMne bhAIo (baka ane trivikrama) vividha zAstromAM niSNAta hatA. * paMcAyudhaprapaMcabhANanI zarUAtamAM ja trivikrama evuM spaSTa jaNAve che ke A bhANane puNe zaheramAM prayoga thAya che. gume| :- sUtradhAraH (AkAze karNadatvA) aye / ko'yamabhihanyamAnamRdumadhuramRdaGganinada saMgatasaMgItabhaGgI parimilanamanoharoM nAgarANAM kalakala: ? tanmanye sakalasurAsurazikharazekharo bhavadanavadyazAsanastambasya bhagavataH zambarariporvasantapUjAmahotsavaH parisarodyAne samArabdhaH puNyapuravilAsimiriti / tadahamapi tatra gatvA kaJcit samayaM mano vinodayAmi / A bhANanA aMte kavi A bhANa kayAM ane kayAre bhajavyo hato tenI vigata Ape che. RSinayanAcalazazimitazakavarSe (1727) krodhanAmidhe zukre / yAta: sitadvitIyA suraguru dina eSa pUrNatAM bhANa: // jayati dhRtapuNDracApazcaraNasarojAnatAkhilAzApaH / puraharapuNyavivartastrivikramAghaugha jantusaMvartaH / / puNe zaheramAM zaka 1727( I. sa. 1805)mAM A bhANanI racanA pUrNa thaI. AvA spaSTa ullekhathI evuM anumAna karI zakAya ke trivikrama aDhAramI sadInA uttarArdhamAM ane ogaNIsamI sadInA pUrvArdhamAM thayA. [sAmA5 : menikSa, '44-sapTe., 186. For Private and Personal Use Only

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' nIlakaMTha traNa judA kAvya prakAromAM emaNe traNa graMtha racyA che. (1) jami -10 sargonA A mahAkAvyamAM janmathI mAMDIne rukimaNI-vivAha sudhI - kRSNacaritro Alekha kAvyAtmaka rIte varNave che. (2) kaMTAsauramapU - 6 taraMgomAM AdizaMkarAcAryanA jIvana ane kArya viSe AmAM vigate ApelI che ane ItihAsanI daSTie A graMtha mahattva dharAve che. | () jUnyuyAya - 6 sarganA A laghukAvyane viSaya paNa zaMkarAcAryanuM jIvana ane caritra e ja che. kramAMka 2 ane 3 vize eka mahatvanI vAta e najare paDe che ke baMne graMthanA kartAo eka ja che, kAvya-viSaya eka ja che, phakta kAvyanA prakAra judA che (pUkAvya ane laghukAvya). vaLI, baMne kAvyanA aMte (chellA 17 ka-mAMka 99 thI 115) kavie emanAM kuTuMba, mAtA-pitA, pitAmaha, pitAmahI, guru, kAkA vagerenI je vigato ApI che emAM samAnatA che. sAmAnya rIte saMskRta kavio potAnI mAhitI ApavA mATe eTale AtmazlAdhA karavA mATe udAsIna jevA hoya che. A bAbatamAM nIlakaMTha apavAda che. emanA traNeya graMthanA aMte emanA mAtA, pitA, kAkA, pitAmaha, pitAmahI, AdhyAtmika ane vidyAkIya guraonAM nAma Ape che je vigata nIce pramANe che : zrImannRsiha bhAratyabhidhAnAn dezikAnnamasyAmi / bhagavatpAdapurogamagurumaNimAlA maNIyate yestAn // svapUrvajAnAM sugatipradAM yo ninAya vANI nijamanvavAyam / tapo'nubhAvena nijena lokaM bhagIrathA devanadImivenam // cidghanAnandanAthAkhyauM ta namAmi pitAmaham / anasUyopamAnAM ca veGkamAkhyAM pitAmahIm / / AkAladharmamanavAptaparAbhavena durdAntavA divijayena kathAsu yena / niSpAditasya yazaso jagadeva sAkSi tavyambakAkhyamahamasmi naman pitRvyam // vidvadarAMstrivikramazarmaNa AtmIya pitRcaraNAn / vande satIvariSThAM pArvatyabhidhAM ca nijajananIm / / gaGgAdharanAmabhyAM nyAyatyAkaraNalAbho me / / yAbhyAmabhUdbhaje tau kAruNyanidhI gurU nityam // yadIrjagajjAtamivAsurArestanUrakhedA'bhata zAstrajAtam / trivikramAbhikhyatadAtmajanmA yaH pArvatInandanatAmayAsIt // . sa viSA nIru: ane nIrajena tenAmina vagere pAvatI ane trivikrama e mAtA-pitA, cidUdhanAnandanAtha e pitAmaha, anasUyA (kammA kaMkammA) e pitAmahI, cembaka e kAkA hatA. nyAya ane vyAkaraNanA emanA guru hatA emanA saMskRta kavionuM eka ajJAta kuTumba] [67 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pitAzrI trivikrama ane gaMgAdhara ane emanA AdhyAtmika guru hatA. zR MgerI maDhanA zrImanRsiMhabhAratI svAmI. zRMgerI maThanI guru-para MparAnusAra A svAmIjInA samaya I sa. 1817 thI 1879 hatA. A vigatA emanA samaya nizcita karavA mATe upayeAgI nivaDatI nathI, paNa emanA nAnA bhAI mukude emanA rAma rAauramattajU upara je samIra nAmanI vyAkhyA lakhelI che ene racanA samaya ane A hastalikhita prati kayAre lakhAI che ene! samaya ApaNane madadarUpa thAya che, jenI vitA nIce ApelI che : Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir zrIviSNu zAmarAya rAnaDe nAmanA puNe zaheranA vidvAne yAdavendramahezaya upara eka TIkA lakhI che ane rASTrama TrasauramaSampUnI pAthInA e lahiyA che. vaDAdarAsthita prAcyavidyAmaMdiramAM rASTrarama vArasomanI e hastalikhita pothIo che (4. 27147 ane 27149). A baMne pAthIe kayAre lakhAI ene spaSTa ullekha A pramANe maLe che-- idaM pustaka' rAnaDe ityupanAmaka zAmarAyAGgajena viSNunA puNyAkhyapattane kaSTena sampAditam / zake 1771 saumyAbde pauSamAsyasite dale dazamyAM bhaumavAsare samApti paphANa || idaM pustaka rAnaDe ityupanAmnaH zAmarAyAGgajasya viSNorasti / zake 1771 pauSe mAsi kRSNapakSe trayodazyAmasya graMthasya lekhanaM samAptam / yAdavendra maheAyanA TippaNanA aMte zrI viSNusyAmarAya rAnaDe A TippaNanA lekhana-kAla vize lakhe che zake 1771 phAlgunAsita dvAdazyAM ravivAsare TippaNa samAptam / zake 1771 eTale I. sa. 1848-49. enA atha e thayA ke nIlakaMThe zaka 1771 (I. sa. 1848-49) pahelAM A graMtheAnI racanA karI che. eTale enA samaya I. sa.nI egaNIsamI sadInA madhyakAla che ema kahI zakAya. mukunda-trivikramanA kaniSTha putra ane nIlakaNThanA nAnA bhAI mukunde e pra'thAnI racanA karI che. (1) 64chamAM racelu' caNDIdevInu` steAtra caNDIdaDaka ane (2) peAtAnA meTAbhAI nIlakaMThanA zarama vAsauramannaghU upara lakhelI samIra nAmanI TIkA. A baMne gra MthA hajI sudhI aprakAzita che. A baMne prathAnA aMtima leAka ane puSpikAmAM e peAtAnA mAtA-pitA ane bhAInu nAma Ape che paNa samaya-nirdeza karatA nathI. paraMtu aMte pArthIonA lahiyAe peAthInA lekhana-kAla spaSTa rIte lakhe che je nIce pramANe lakhela che : $< ] bAlAjIti ca ya prAhurmukunda iti ya jaguH / caNDa puSTiprayAsAkhyo dauskastena nimitaH // pupiyA iti zrItrivikramasUrisUnoH pArvatIgarbhasambhavasya mukundasya kRtau caNDIdaNDassamAptaH // zrI zAlivAhana zake 1765 zobhakRdvatsarajyeSThavadya (zudra) pratipadi likhito'yaM rAmeNa daNDakaH // rA kasma dArasaurabha samIranA aMta A prakAranA che (sAmIpsa : eprila, '93-sapTe., 1997 For Private and Personal Use Only

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jAtAtrivikramaguroH sambhUto yo mukundazabdaguNAt / AkalpAnta caratAt zaGkaramaMdAramaurabhasamIraH // iti zrImatrivikramavidvanmaNisUno: pArvatyambAtanayasya nIlakaNThAnujasya mukundasya kRtau zaGkaramaMdAra saurabhasamIre SaSThastaraGgaH / sampUrNazcAya granthaH / idaM pustaka' rAnaDe ityupanAmnaH zAmarAyAGgajasya viSNoriti / zake 1771 pauSe mAsi kRSNapakSe trayodazyAmasya granthasya lekhanaM samAptam / uparanA kAla-nidezathI ema spaSTa anumAna karI zakAya ke "yAdavendramahAdaya" ane "zaMkaramadAra saurabhanI racanA nIlakaMThe ogaNIsamI sadInA cothA dAyakAmAM karI hoya ane tarata ja enA upara TIkAo lakhAI gaI. AnAthI evuM sUcana maLe che. ke A graMtha racyA pachI tarata ja A (B) vidvAnomAM mAnya thayA. e kadAca pAThazALAomAM bhaNAvavAmAM paNa AvatA hatA mATe tarata ja emanA upara TIkAo lakhAI gaI ane A prakAre emane pravRtti-pracAra vidvAnomAM thato rahyo. AnAthI vadhu mAhitI jo koI vidvAna dharAvatA hoya to emane e vigate mane jaNAvavA vinaMtI karuM chuM jethI A A lekha paripUrNa thavAmAM madada thaze. saMskRta kavionuM eka alpajJAta kuTumba]. For Private and Personal Use Only

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mahAkavi padmanAbha viracita "kAnhaDade prabaMdha'mAM nirUpAyeluM samAja jIvanaH eka abhyAsa* mahezacaMdra paMDayA* itihAsa saMzodhakane, itihAsanA anveSaNa daramyAna anekavidha sAdhana saMcaya karI, tenuM saMkalana karI, te sAdhanonuM saMdarzana karI, ciMtana karIne tene AdhAre salekhana karavAnuM hoya che. te sAdhanamAM vyApaka sAdhana sAhitya hoya che. kahevAya che ke, sAhitya prajAjIvananAM pratibiMba jhIlatuM paNa che. paraMtu e badhAM pratibiMba badhI vakhate zraddheya ane tayapUrNa nathI hotAM. kayAreka temAM kalpanA tatva jora karI jatuM hoya che. eTale, sAhityika graMthamAMthI itihAsa zodhanAra anaveSake, sAhityanA itihAsanA sAdhana tarIkenI te maryAdA lakSyamAM levI Avazyaka bane che. sAhitya je samaya daramyAna racAyuM hoya, te samayanA lokajIvana para te prakAza pADatuM hoya che. tethI aitihAsika sAdhane lekhAya nahi tevI sAhityika kRtio paNa tatakAlIna samAja jIvanane samajavAmAM agatyanI bane che. keTalIka sAhityika kRtiomAM te tatkAlIna samAja jIvananAM paribaLo ke ghaTanAo pratibiMbita thatI hoya che. tethI tenI sAhityika kRtio itihAsa nirUpaNanA sAdhana tarIke upayogI nIvaDe che. te dRSTine najara samakSa rAkhIne ahI mahAkavi zrI padmanAbha viracita 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha'mAM nirUpAyelA samAja jIvanane abhyAsa raju karavAno upakrama rAkhyo che. kAnhaDade prabaMdha'nA racayitA mahAkavi padmanAbha vIsanagarA nAgara hatA. teo nedhe che ke, "vimalanagarau nAgara eka, padmanAbha kavi puNya viveka, ehavuM birada AdaraI anI, lahaI buddhi kavijana raMjanI'4 kavi padmanAbha rAjasthAnanA jAlora rAjyanA cauhANa rAja akhayarAjanA rAjakavi hatA. munizrI jinavijayajI temane bhAratanA purAtana puNya pradezanA sAcA saMrakSaka, udAtta rASTrapremI, Adarza rASTrakavi ane madhyakAlIna kaviomAM "mahAkavi' padanA adhikArI mAne che." temaNe akhayarAjanI preraNAthI akhayarAja pUrvenI pAMcamI peDhIe thayelA mahAparAkramI rAjA kAnahaDadenI vIragAthA I sa. 1456 mAM A mahAkAvyamAM varNavI che. prAcyavidyA vizArada 3. nyUlara, aprasiddha saMskRta-prAkRta graMthanI hastaprate zodhavA uttara gujarAta rAjasthAnanA pravAse gayA hatA. tyAre tharAda(ji. banAsakAMThA)nA jaina jJAna bhaMDAra tapAsatAM temane A prabaMdha maLI Avyo hato. te prabaMdha surakSita dAbaDAmAM, tALA-cIvALA TALAmAM * tA. 26, 27 Disembara, 1992 daramyAna vIsanagara mukAme yojAyelA, saurASTra-kaccha itihAsa pariSadanA 10mA adhivezanamAM 2ja karelo laghu zodhanibaMdha. * rIDara, itihAsa bhavana, saurASTra yunivarsiTI, rAjakoTa pariva [sAmIpya : eprila, '97-sapTe. 1997 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sacavAyeluM hatuM temaNe tenI nakala karAvI. sva. navalarAma lakSmIrAma paMDayA (zALA patranA taMtrI)ne te mokalI. navalarAme tene I. sa. 1877-78 daramyAna "zALA patra'nA aMkamAM akSaraza: prasiddha karI te parathI tathA anya maLI AvelI pratimAonuM saMkalana karIne DAhyAbhAI pItAmbaradAsa derAsarIe, kaDade prabaMdha'nI vAcanA teyAra karIne I. sa. 1913 mAM tenI prathama AvRtti prasiddha karI. tyAra bAda keTalAka sudhArA vadhArA sAthe tenI bIjI AvRtti 1964mAM prasiddha karI. tyArabAda De. ke. bI. vyAse muni zrI jinavijayajInI preraNAthI gujarAta-rAjasthAnanA graMthAlayomAMthI e prabaMdhanI 11 prati meLavIne tenA pAThanuM saMkalana karIne, e prabaMdhanI vAcanA nirNita karI. tene rAjasthAna purAtana graMthamALAnA 11 mA maNakA tarIke, AcArya jinavijayajInA purovacana sAthe I. sa. 1953 mAM prasiddha karavAmAM AvI. gujarAtI sAhityanA prathama bRhat vIrarasa kAvya gaNAtA e prabaMdhanuM gujarAtI sAhityamAM asAdhAraNa mahattva che. temAM kavie arabI-phArasI zabdothI samRddha "gujara bhAkhA"no paricaya sulabha karI Ape che.11 e uparAMta kavie etihAsika AdhAronuM samarthana laIne temAM ucca dezabhimAna, prabaLa dharmAbhimAna, ane unnata rASTrapremanuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. I. sa. 1456 mAM racAyelA e graMthamAMno prasaMga solaMkI kALanA aMtare che. kaNa vAghelAnA pradhAna mAdhava mahetAe allAuddInane gujarAta para AkramaNa karavA AmaMtraNa ApyuM. alAuddInanA senApati ulughakhAnane lazkara sAthe pitAnA pradezamAM thaIne pasAra thavA devAnI jAloranA tharavIra rAjA kAnhaDadee nA pADI. tethI gusse thayelA ulughakhAnanu lakara, mevADa ane banAsakAMThA pasAra karIne, gujarAtanA rAjasthAnanI sarahade AvelA prathama lazkarI thANuM gaNAtA moDAse AvyuM. moDAsAnA ThAkara battaDe tene prathama sAmano karyo. chevaTe batavIragatine pAmyA.'' te A ge padmanAbhe noMdhyuM che ke, "UDI eha thayuM aMdhAruM, gaNi na sUjhaI bhANa, cAlI daLa muhaDAsaI AvyAM, chamaDhamiyAM nisANa, mArI maLecha paData dITha6, baraDa vANiyuM sAni, jyajayakAra hau, saragApurI baIsI, gayau vimAnI'12 moDAsAne bALI, ujajaDa karI, lazkara kAnama, carotara, bAvana kheDAra, dakSiNeta, daMDavya thaI aNahilapura pATaNa AvyuM. pATaNane lUMTI, bALI, seraTha AvyuM. seraThamAM meghalapura, mahuA, UnA, pAThA. dIva, somanAtha pATaNane khedAnamedAna karI jAlora pahoMcyuM. jAloranA rAjA kAnhaDadee tene vIratApUrvaka sAmano karI ulughakhAnane yuddhamAM haryo. chevaTe alAuddIna khalajIe kAnhaDadene parAsta karavA jate jAlora AvavuM paDayuM. vagere atihAsika vigatonuM varNana kAnhaDe prabaMdha'mAM karavAmAM AvyuM che.13 kavi pAnAbhe e prabaMdhamAM gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanI takAlIna sAmAjika paristhitinuM jhINavaTabharyuM varNana karyuM che.14 e sAmAjika paristhitinuM nirUpaNa kavinA samayanuM eTaho ke I. sa.nI 15 mI sadInA uttarArdhanA gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanA samAja aMgenuM che. A aMge kAnhaDade prabaMdha'nI rAjasthAnI AvRttimAM "prAstAvikamAM purAtatvavida jinavijayajI munie jaNAvyuM che ke, "e samaya daramyAna rAjasthAnI yA gujarAtI evAM, bhASAbheda sUcaka nAmonuM nirdhAraNa thayuM nahatuM. e samaye rAjasthAna ane gujarAta pradezamAM bhASA viSayaka khAsa bhinnatA na hatI binatA mahAkavi padmanAbha viracita "kAnhaDade prabaMdhamAM nirUpAyeluM samAjajIvana...] | [71 For Private and Personal Use Only

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mAtra rAjakIya sImAo saMbaMdhI hatI. cAlukyanI rAjadhAnI aNahilapuramAM vasanArA loka jevI bhASA bolatA hatA, lagabhaga evI ja bhASA cAhamAnanI rAjadhAnI ajameranA loke paNa bolatA hatA. bhinnatA mAtra rAjakIya sImAo saMbaMdhI hatI. sAMskRtika, sAhityika ane sAmAjika daSTie e banane pradezo vacce koI sImA bheda nahato. banne pradeza paraspara ekarUpe hatA.55 Ama rAjasthAnanI samAja vyavasthA ane gujarAtI samAja vyavasthAmAM sAmya raheluM hatuM. bhASA, pradeza, rIta rivAje, ane saMskAritAnI daSTie te, mAravADa, Anarta pradeza, IDara, moDAsA, vaDanagara ane vIsanagaranI saMskAritA hajAro varSo sudhI eka ane avibhAjya rahI hatI. tethI e sahiyArI bhASA saMskAritA mATe umAzaMkara jozIe prayojelo "mAra gurjara" zabda yogya gaNavAmAM Ave che. IDara pradezane te cheka hamaNAM sudhI nAnI mAravADa tarIke oLakhavAmAM Avato. tethI mahAkavi padmanAbhe gujarAta rAjasthAnanI e sahiyArI bhASAmAM "kAnhaDade prabaMdha'nuM nirUpaNa karyuM che ane temAM takAlIna samAja jIvananuM jhINavaTabharyuM varNana karyuM che. samAja vyavasthA : mahAkavi padAnAbhe racelA kAnhaDade prabaMdha'mAM 11 mI sadInA uttarArdhanA gujarAta rAjasthAnanA samAja jIvananuM pratibiMba jhIlAyuM che. temAM jJAti vyavasthA, rIta-rIvAjo, pApa ane puNya aMgenI mAnyatA, nagararacanA, gaDhanI racanA, yuddha samayanI vyuharacanA vagere aMge suMdara mAhitI ApI che. jJAti vyavasthA: mahAkavi pavAnAbhe jJAti vyavasthAnI mAhitI kAnhaDadenI rAjadhAnI jAlora nagaramAM vasatI jJAtione dhyAnamAM rAkhIne nirUpI che. teo jaNAve che ke, jAloramAM aDhAre vaNanI vasatI hatI. khAsa karIne temaNe brAhmaNe, rAjapUta, vaNiko , kArIgaro vagere aMgenI vigatavAra mAhitI ApI che. brAhmaNo : teo noMdhe che ke, je nagaromAM brAhmaNonuM prAdhAnya hoya tevAM nagaro "brahmapurI' tarIke oLakhAtA hatAM. temaNe A jJAtinuM varNana bhinnamAla jevAM keTalAMka nagarone dhyAnamAM rAkhIne karyuM che. temaNe brAhmaNonI vidattAnA bhAre vakhANa karatAM jaNAvyuM che ke, brAhmaNane aMga sahita cAre vede kaMThastha hatA. e uparAMta teo 14 vidyA, 18 purANa, Ayurveda, bharata nATayama , jyotiSa, piMgaLa vagere zAstronA abhyAsu hatA. tauparAMta, gAyana, vAdana, abhinayakalA vagere vidyAnuM paNa teo parizIlana karatA hatA. brAhmaNe jaLAzayomAM snAna karIne pAchA vaLe tyAre temanI sAthe rahelA temanA ziSyo vedamaMtrono uSa karatA karatA temanI sAthe cAlatA hatA. tethI jaNAya che ke tatkAlIna samAjanA brAhmaNonuM jIvana prAcIna kAlIna RSi-munionA jIvana jevuM hatuM. 2japUto : padamanAbhe chatrIsa prakAranA rajapUtano ullekha karyo che. temAM vAdhelA. solaMkI, rAThoDa, paramAra, bAraDa, dUtha, dariyaka, cAvaDA, DeDIA, jAdava (yAdava), dUla, nikuMbha, gohila, jhAlA, jeThavA, tuMvara paDihAra, vihala vagere mukhya prakAre gaNAvyA che. 8 temaNe A jJAtinI vIratAnI bhArobhAra prasaMzA karI che. tathA temanA sadaguNone paNa biradAvyA che. teo noMdhe che ke, rajapUta zarIra, udAra, ra]. [ sAmIpya : eprila, "A-sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vaphAdAra, cAritrazIla, yuddha kuzaLa ane sagrAma samatha hatA. teA keTalIka vAra kAyara, rajapUta paNu maLI AvatA. sAmAnya rIte te dhama pAlaka, hArIne zaraNe javA karatAM, kesariyAM karIne vIragatine svIkAravAnuM pasaMda karatA hatA. padmanAbhe karelA vanane AdhAre jaNAya che ke, madhyakAlIna gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanA zUravIra rajapUta yAddhAe khumArIthI peAtAnuM jIvana jIvatA hatA. yuddha vakhate vaphAdArI e temane noMdhapAtra guNu hatA.19 vaizyA : kAnhaDade prabaMdha'mAM padmanAbha nagarAmAM vasatA vaizyA ane vepArIonu` suMdara varNIna karatAM noMdhe che ke vepArIe samatha ane dezadAjhavALA hatA. teo vANiyA tarIke oLakhAtA hatA. temanA vepAra deza-videzamAM cAlatA hatA. khAsa karIne vizA, dazA, zrAvaka, mAhezvarI (mesarI), phaDiyA, dozI, jhaverI, gAMdhI vagere aTakA dharAvatA vaiSNavAnI temaNe nAM karI che. nagarAnA madhyamAM vepArI AnuM mukhya mathaka 'mAMDavI' Avelu` hatu`. vepArIe rAjane vaphAdAra rahetA hatA. jhAlAragaDhamAM allAuddInanA lazkara sAme laDatAM laDatAM, kAnhaDadenA lazkara mATenI khAdya sAmagrI ane anya sAmagrI khUTI paDI tyAre, phaDiyA, dezI, ghI telanA vepArIo, lAkaDAnA vepArIo, gALanA vepArIe vageree kAnhaDadene hiMmata ApatAM jaNAvyu` hatu` ke teo varSAM sudhI sara-sAmAna ane yudghakIya sAmagrI pUrAM pADaze. tethI kAnhaDadee yuddha ba`dha karavu' nahi.20 AthI jaNAya che ke te samaye jhAlera nagaramAM dezadAjhavALA vepArIo vasatA hatA. kArIgara vaga : padmanAbhe judA judA dhadhA karanArA kArIgara varganI paNa mAhitI ApI che. te jaNAve che ke jhAleranagaramAM nA, karUMsArA, ghaDayA dhATa vecanArA, leAhaTiyA (dhAtukAma karanArA), hathiyArAnA vepArI, gheADAnA seAdAgara vagere vasatA hatA. temanI sAthe brAMcI, meAcI, darajI, suthAra, chIpA, mALI, khAkhara, cADa, tamALI (lazkaranI sAthe cAlanArA), kAvaDiyA (kAvaDa laI cAlanArA), bhAThI (bhaThThI laIne (cAlanArA), khamAra (raiATalImAM khamIra meLavanArA), bhaThiyArA (murilama rasaIA), luhAra, bATadhaDA (kuMbhAra), salATa, cunArA, verA, kAgaLakUTA (kAgadI), jUnArA (rezmI vastra vaNunArA), ALagaNA, karakaTiyA, bhAthAdhara (bharAja), pharasIdhara (pharasI laI cAlanArA), saparANA vagere kArIgara vanA lAkA paNlR vasatA hatA. teo potAtAnA kArIgarInA vyavasAyamAM vyasta rahetA hatA. pariNAme nagarajanAne jarUrI cIja vastu pUratA pramANamAM maLI rahetI hatI.21 rItarivAjo : padmanAbhe kAnhaDade prabaMdha'nA trIjA khaMDamAM tatkAlIna samAjamAM pracalita lagnaprathA, bAjana prabhudha, atyeSTi kriyA, pApa-puNya aMgenI mAnyatA vagere rItarivAjonI vigatavAra mAhitI ApI che. lagnaprathA : temaNe A mahAkAvyamAM lagnavidhi aMgenA ullekha karatAM jaNAvyu` che ke, lagnanA prAraMbhamAM Aptajane mAguM laIne jatA hatA. tene svIkAra thayA pachI lagnanI vidhinA judA judA tabakkA meyarAmAM khesavuDa, pANimrahaNa karAvavu vagere rivAjonI mAhitI ApI che. tethI jaNAya vakhatanI lagnavidhi vartamAna samayanI lagnavidhi sAthe sAmya dharAvatI hatI. che ke te mahAkavi padmanAbha viracita 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha'mAM nirUpAyelu samAjajIvana...] For Private and Personal Use Only [ 73

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bhajana prabaMdha: padmanAbhe kAnhaDadenA bhojananuM rasika varNana karyuM che. tene AdhAre tatkAlIna sukha-saMpanna samAjamAM pracalita bhojana praNAlinI mAhitI maLe che. temanA jaNAvyA pramANe bhajanamAM suMvALI seva, go lADu, moTI-pAtaLI roTalI, taLelA pApaDa, kaDaka khAjAM, vaDI nAkhelAM zAka, kapUra vAsita kura (bhAta), paMcadhAra lApasI, kaMsAra, cosalAM paDe tevuM dahIM, vagere aDhAra prakAranI vAnagIo kAnhaDadene nitya bhojanamAM pIrasavAmAM AvatI. jamI rahyA pachI tAMbUlavAhaka, kapUra mizrita, pAnabIDAMne mukhavAsa thatuM. te pachI hAtha para sugaMdhita dravyane lepa karavAmAM Avato.12 pAnAbhe bhajana prabaMdhanA karelA vanane AdhAre jaNAya che ke sukha-saMpanna samAja, sukhethI jIvana jIvato hate. vividha prakAranI vAnagIo ArogatA ho ane sarasa bhojananuM sukha mANu hate. aMtyeSTi kriyA : padmanAbha, kAnhaDade prabaMdha'mAM rAjakuTuMba ane ucca varganA lokonI aMtakALe thatI kriyA vidhinI mAhitI ApatAM jaNAve che ke rAjakuTuMbomAM ane UMcA vargomAM aMtakALe dAna ApavAnI prathA hatI. teo noMdhe che ke kAnhaDadee kesariyAM karatAM pa ghaDAzALAnA tamAma ghoDAonuM rAjapurohitone dAna karyuM hatuM. Ama mRtyu pUrve karavAmAM AvatA dAnano mahimA hato. rAjAne mRtyu pachI, zabavAhinI rAjapUte upAThatA hatA, rajapUta yoddhAo kesariyAM kare te pUrve temanI rANIo jauhara karatI hatI athavA patinuM mastaka khoLAmAM laIne satI thatI hatI vagere mAhitI ApI che. pApa-puNya aMgenI mAnyatA : kAnhaDade prabaMdha'mAM pApa-puNya aMgenI mAnyatAonuM paNa vigatavAra varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che. tene AdhAre tatkAlIna samAjamAM pracalita jIvana mUlyone paricaya prApta thAya che. khoTI sAkSI pUravI, beTA ALa caDhAvavAM, stanapaya zizu jhUMTavI levAM, gocara kheDavuM, milakatano haka DUbADavo, madha pADavuM, kheDelAM khetaromAM vATa pADavI, mA-bApanI AjJAnuM ulaMdhana karavuM, zAstronI AjJAne bhaMga karavo, ekAdazI jevAM vrato teDavAM, brAhmaNane dAna na ApavuM, ghAsanI gaMjI saLagAvavI, sarovara pALa padavI, pIMpaLa kApo, mUtine paga lagADavo, mIThuM, lAkha ke talano vepAra kara, yuddhamAMthI bhAgI javuM, svAmI droha kara, vacana bhaMga karavo, lAMca levI, vagere bAbatone tatkAlIna samAjamAM pApa gaNavAmAM AvatuM ane tevAM pApa karanArane Izvara aneka yAtanAo Ape che tema mAnavAmAM Avatu. jyAre puNyazALI lokone aneka prakAranAM sukhe, aDhaLaka saMpatti, nirogI zarIra, kulavaMtI panI vagere prApta thatAM ema manAtu'. A uparAMta maMtra ane jApathI tathA yajJa-yAgathI mAgyA meha varasatA hovAnI mAnyatA paNa pracalita hatI. nagararacanA : kAnhaDade prabaMdha'mAM jhAloranI nagararacanAnI suMdara mAhitI ApatAM padmanAbha jAve che ke, e nagarane sarakhya praveza dvAra, mALa ane aTArIothI zobhatAM saptakAzI dhavalahe. moTAM cauTAM, aneka coka pahoLA rastA, bAre, cUnAthI dhoLelAM hATa, dherI chAyAvALAM vRkSo, vagerethI nagara zobhatuM hatuM. nagaranI zebhA vadhAratAM dhArmika sthaLonuM varNana karatAM teo jaNAve che ke, jhAleramAM 94] [sAmIpya : eprila, '97-sapTe., 193 For Private and Personal Use Only

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AzApurA, brahmA, gaNupati, kRSNa vagere deva-devIonAM vizALa ane unnata maMdiro AvelAM hatAM, jemAM AThe pahora pUjA thatI hatI. somanAthanuM liMga jhAloramAM sthapAyA pachI tenI SoDazopacAra vidhithI pUjA thatI hatI. maMdiranAM nRtya ane nATake, bhavAI veza vagere naTo karatA hatA. 23 devanI padharAmaNI moTA utsavo sAthe thatI hatI. nagaramAM moTAM jaina maMdiro paNa AvelAM hatAM. pAnAbhe maMdiromAM nRtya nATake-bhavAI veza vagere bhajavAtAM hatAM tenI neMdha karI che. tethI jaNAya che ke, e vistAramAM nRtya-nATaka karanAra, nataka varga paNa vasato haze. te ja rIte gujarAtamAM paNa nartana karanAra vaga vasato hato. tethI khAsa uttara gujarAtano pradeza "Anarta pradeza tarIke oLakhAya haze. te aMgenI noMdha letAM "purANomAM gujarAta' nAmanA graMthamAM umAzaMkara jozI jaNAve che ke, "Aje paNa vIsanagara, vaDanagara (Anartapura), IDara vagere pradezamAM doDhiyA tAlanI viziSTa nRtya bhaMgI sAcavatI saMgIta kuzaLa, naTakalA-nipUNa nAyaka jJAti vase che.24 e pradeza nata na hovAthI Anarta' kahevAyA haze. sabhAgRha pavanAbe jhAloranA sabhAgRhanuM paNa varNana karyuM che. e sabhAgRhamAM sukhaDanA suMdara gekha, malayAdhara lAkaDAnI jALIo, nAjuka khaMbhikAo, maNijaDita, sphaTIkamaya bhUmitaLa ane gRhanI vacovaca zaNagAreluM siMhAsana zobhatuM hatuM, jemAM rAjA birAjata hato. sabhAgRhanI bhIta, cAkaLA, caMdaravA, ane puSpamALAothI zaNagAravAmAM AvatI hatI. sabhAgRhanI beThaka vakhate pAMcavAjiMtro vagADavAmAM AvatAM hatAM. e nataMkIo nRtya karatI hatI. rAjanA zira para paMcavaNuM chatra dharavAmAM AvatuM. tathA bane bAju cAmara DhoLavAmAM AvatAM. sabhAmAM amAtya, pradhAna, sAmaMta, mAMDalika, adhikArIo vagere birAjatA hatA.25 ganI racanA : 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha'mAM padmanAbhe, jhAloragaDhanuM varNana karatAM jaNAvyuM che ke, gaDha upara vizALa jaLAzayo, UMDI jhAlara vAva, sAdANavAva, rANIvAva, jhIbAlI kuMDa, bholaI taLAva, pANInI aneka para ane annakSetronI vyavasthA karavAmAM AvI hatI. jethI yuddha samaye kherAka-pANInI suvidhA pUratA pramANamAM maLI rahe. tathA dhArmika parve samaye nagarajane pavitra snAna karI zake. gaDhane aneka gaganacuMbI mura, koThA, judA judA daravAjA, ane cekIothI sajavAmAM Avyo hato. gaDhane avasaraprasaMge zaNagAravAmAM AvatA tyAranI tenI zobhA advitIya bhAsatI. gaDhamAM gIta-saMgIta-nRtya AdinA samAraMbhe paNa yojavAmAM AvatA. yuddha prakiyA : madhyayugIna rAjasthAna ane gujarAtamAM yuddho sAmAnya bAbata hatI. "kAnhaDade prabaMdha'mAM paNa te samaye thatAM yuddhonI vigatavAra mAhitI ApavAmAM AvI che. tene be vibhAgamAM vaheMcI zakAya. (1) rajapUta DhAo dvArA laDAtAM yuddho ane (2) musalamAna sainike dvArA laDAtAM yuddho. 2japUta dvAe dArA laDAtAM yuddho: mahAkavi padmanAbha jaNAve che te pramANe rajapUta rAjAo yuddha zarU thAya te pUrve duzmana chAvaNImAM dUta mokalI viSTi karatA hatA. te kArya sAmate athavA pradhAno mAraphate thatuM hatuM. mahAkavi padmanAbha viracita kAnhaDade prabaMdhamAM nirUpAyeluM samAjajIvana...] [ 75 For Private and Personal Use Only

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Acharya Shri Kailassagarsur Gyanmandir yuddha karanArA banne pakSe tenuM sanmAna karatA hatA. je viSTimAM saphaLatA maLe te yuddha thatuM na hatuM. paraMtu niSphaLatA maLe te yuddha anivArya banI jatuM. dUtane duzmana daLa jevAnI tathA nagara jevAnI sagavaDa ApavAmAM AvatI hatI. jethI parasparanAM daLeno eka bIjAne aMdAja AvI zake. yuddhamAM saphaLatA meLavanAra rajapUta yuddha kedIo sAthe salukAI bharyo vartAva karatA hatA. rajapUtomAM kesariyAM karavAnI prathA hatI. kesariyAM karatAM pahelAM rajapUta yoddhAo snAna karI, tulasInI mALA japI, zAligrAmanI pUjA karI, rAmanAma japatAM japatAM maraNiyA thaI duzmane para tUTI paDatA. rAjAne tenA mitra rAjAe, khaMDiyA rAjAo, sAmate madada karatA hatA. gaDhanA keTa upara paththara ane geLA pheMkavAnAM, kArakI, DhikalI, naliyAra vagere sAdhano rAkhavAmAM AvatAM. rAtrinA samaye ociMte chApa mAravAmAM rajapUta yoddhAo kuzaLa hatA. jyAre divase thatI hAthohAthanI jhapAjhapImAM paNa teo pAvaradhA hatA. chevaTe vijayanI AzA na jaNAya tyAre vIragatine svIkArI letA hatA. paraMtu koI paNa saMjogomAM duzmananI zaraNAgati svIkAratA na hatA. hAo kesariyAM kare to bIjI bAju rajapUtANIo paNa johara karIne vIragatine pAmatI. jauhara karatAM pahelAM rajapUtANuo, snAna karI, vastrAbhUSaNa sajI, sUryane artha apI, caMdana kASTanI citA para vIrAMganAnI jema caDhI jatI. gaDhanuM patana thAya tyAre rAjarANIo pachI vasatInI strIo paNa jauhara karatI. 26' rajapUta rAjAone daLamAM azvadaLanuM khUba ja mahattva hatuM. padmanAbhe chA5na jAtanA vividha azvonI mAhitI ApI che.27 uparokta varNanane AdhAre jaNAya che ke madhyakAlIna gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanA rajapUta yohAo saMgaThita banIne mardAnagIbharyA yuddho khelatA hatA. muslima sainiko dvArA laDAtAM yuddha mahAkavi padmanAbhe A prabaMdhamAM muslima yuddhakaLAnuM paNa varNana karyuM" che. teo jaNAve che, yuddhanA prAraMbha pUrve, pAdazAha temanI hakUmata heThaLanA rAya, rANu, sAmaMte ane saradArane halakArA dvArA bolAvatA hatA. te pachI yuddha bRha goThavavAmAM Avato. lazkarI kuca vakhate hAthIe, azvo, saMdezAvAhaka sAMDhaNIo, pagapALA yehAe, uparAMta bhoI, kahAra, bhaThiyArA, tabAkha, pakhAlI, mocI, dhAM chA, vepArIo, sathavArA, salATa, kadALiyAo, paththara pheDAo vagerene sAthe rAkhIne, sAta koza vistAramAM chAvaNI nAkhavAmAM AvatI. muslima lazkaro gAmo bhAMgavAM, saLagAvavAM, lUMTavAM, bAna pakaDavAM vagere pravRttio karatAM hatAM. chAvaNInI AsapAsa lAkaDAno gaDha banAvI, khAIe khodAvavAmAM AvatI muslima zAsako paNa yuddha pUrve rajapUta chAvaNImAM dUta mokalatA hatA. tathA zatrudaLamAMthI AvanAra dUtane inAma ApI sakAratA tathA zUravIra yoddhAone bIradAvI temanuM lohI pitAne lalATe lagADatA. muslima chAvaNImAM parAjayanA samAcAra pahoMce tyAre tuka nArIe haiyAphATa rudana karatI.28 Ama mahAkavi padmanAbhe 'kAnhaDade prabaMdhamAM tatkAlIna samAjanAM vividha pAsAMonuM rasALa aulImAM AbehUba Alekhana karyuche. e samaye prAcIna gujarAtI ane prAcIna rAjasthAnI bhASAo abhinna hatI. A mahAkAvya dakSiNa rAjasthAnamAM racAyeluM hovAthI temAM rAjasthAnI chAMTa najare paDe che. paraMtu ekaMdare 15 mI sadInA gujarAta ane rAjasthAnanA samAjajIvananuM yathocita pratibiMba temAM jhIlAyuM che. 76 ] [ sAmIpya : eprila, '97-sapTe1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pATI 1. mahezacaMdra paDavA, AjhAdInI laData ane sAbarakAMThA', gUjarAta vidyApIThe, amadAvAda, Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir 1989, pR. 144 2. bhAgIlAla sAMDesarA, 'itihAsa upayeAgI lalita sAhitya' gujarAtaneA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika, itihAsa", graMtha-9, amadAvAda, 1987, pR. 10 3. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA, 'hiMdu-jaina sAhitya,' gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihrAsa', graMtha-6, amadAvAda, 1979, pR. 11 4. kAntilAla khaLadevarAma vyAsa (saMpAdaka), 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha,' khaMDa-4, ceApAI (zleka) 340, muMbaI, 1977, pR. 11 teAMdha: kavie temanA prabaMdha, kAnhaDade prabaMdha'nA 4thA kha'DanI 340 mIcApAImAM pete vIsanagarA nAgara hAvAnuM jaNuAvyu` che. vIsanagarA nAgara mULa vIsanagara(gujarAta)nA vatanI hAvAnuM manAya che. ane tethI kavi padmanAbha paNa vIsanagaranA haze. temanA pUrvajo jhAlAramAM jaIne vasyA haze ema anumAnI zakAya. ahIM vIsanagara koNe vasAvyu' te prazna svAbhAvika rIte ja pedA thAya che. te aMge e matA pracalita che. vIsanagara, ajameranA rAjA vIsaladeve vasAvyu' ema keTalAka vidyAnA mAne che. jyAre keTalAkane mate gujarAtanA pATaNanA vAdhelA vazanA rAjA vIsaladeve te vasAvyu. ema manAya che. AthI A bAbate vadhu sa`zAdhananI jarUra rahe che. haiM|. Ara. ena. mahetA temanA pustaka 'vIsanagara'mAM saMskRtanA mULa zabda 'visala'-'bisala' eTale nAnu atha karIne e mULa zabda visala parathI 'visanagara' eTale ke nAnuM nagara kahevAyuM haze ane vaDanagara eTale mATuM nagara kahevAyu haze tevu anumAna kare che. jyAre occhavalAla mANekalAla mahetA, bhADIA pALa, vIsanagara (hAla rAjakoTa) jaNAve che ke, vi. saM. 1010 nA vaizAkha suda-3 (akhAtrija)ne ravivAre, pRthvIrAja cauhANanA dAdA vIsaladeve, pATaNanA rAjA bhImadevane harAvIne vIsanagara vasAvyu`. temanA matathyanA saMdarbha"mAM temaNe, mathurA-nivAsI dha zAstrI zAlIgrAma paMDayAnI pAse rahelA tAmrapatramAM e vigate ApI che tema jaNAvyuM che. tethI A tAmrapatranI tapAsa karIne, tenuM adhyayana karavAmAM Ave tA vIsanagaranI sthApanA para prakAza paDI zake tema che. pU. munizrI jinavijayajI likhita, 'prAstAvika' kAnhaDade prabaMdha' (saMpAdaka ke. jI. byAsa) * muMbaI, 1977 6. kAnhaDadenA vIramade, temanA megalade, temanA aMbarAja, temanA khetazI ane khetInA putra akhayarAja thayA. pAnAMdha-4 pramANe, pR. 12-13 7. DAhyAbhAI pItAmbaradAsa derAsarI (anuvAdaka), kAnhaDade prabaMdha,' amadAvAda, 1924 8. DaoN. kAntilAla baLadevarAma vyAsa (sa`pAdaka) 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha,' pR. 9-10 9. vijayarAja vaidya, gujarAtI sAhityanI rUparekhA, 1943, pR. 12 10. kezavarAma kA. zAstrI, "tara sAhityakAro,' gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa", graMtha-pa, amadAvAda, 1977, pR. 325 mahAkavi padmanAbha viracita 'kAnhaDade prabaMdha'mAM nirUpAyelu' samAjajIvana...] For Private and Personal Use Only kha`Da 3-4 nI prastAvanA [ 77

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11. bhogIlAla gAMdhI (saMpAdaka), puruSArthanI pratimA', vaDodarA, 1959, pR. 57-58 12. pAnAM 8 pramANe, khaMDa-1, copAI 51 tathA 56, muMbaI, 1977, pR. 6 13. ejana, khaMDa -4 nI prastAvanA, pR. 54 14. bhogIlAla ja. sAMDesarA, 'saskRta-prAkRta ane jUnI gujarAtImAM lakhAvelI itihAsopAgI kRtio', "gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa", graMtha-5, amadAvAda, 1977, pR. 14 15. pAdanoMdha 11 pramANe, pR. 28 16. ejana, pR. 29 17, pAnadha 8 pramANe, khaMDa 3-4, co. 23 thI 28, muMbaI, 197, pR. 3 18. pAdanoMdha 7 pramANe, zloka 35 thI 38, pR. 85 19. pAdanadha 8 pramANe, khaMDa 3, pR. 5-7 20. ejana, khaMDa-4, copAI 14-20, pR. 28 21. ejana 22. ejana, bleka 50-53, pR. 31 23. ejana, khaMDa 1-2 nI prastAvanA, pR. 66 4. umAzaMkara jozI, purANomAM gujarAta, pR. 40 rapa. pAdanoMdha 8 pramANe pR. 67 26. ejana, pR. 72-74 7. pAkAMdha 7 pramANe, khaMDa 1, pR. 19 tathA khaMDa 3, pR. cepAI 40 thI 57 noMdha: DAhyAbhAI pItAmbaradAsa derAsarIe e graMthanI "bhaDAulImAM nIce mujabanA 56 jAtanA azvonI mAhitI ApI che. . (1) ujajarA (2) gaharA (3) kAra () tArakA (5) bhArijA (6) sIMdhUyA (7) ahibANa (8) pahiThANuM (9) uttaradezanA uMdira (10) kulathA, (11) madhya pradezane cahupaDA (12) devagara dezAu (13) abarA (14) bebANuM (15) saMbhrANI, (16) pANI paMthA (17) urAhA 1) zerAhA, (9) kAlIkaThA (20) kihADA (21) karaDA (22) karaDAgara (23) nIlaDA, (24) malahaDA (25) haripaDA, (26) zokhaMDA (27) TUMkakanA (28) kSetra khurAsANI, (29) bAriyA (30) lahiyA (31) gaMgeTiyA (32) haMsajAdara (33) uDara amara (34) udhasyA phAraNa (35) capalacaraNa vistIrNa (36) zAlIhotrI, (37) gaMgAjala turI (38) kihADA turI (39) cAMpalA (40) caMga (41) kAluA turaMga (42) suraMgI (43) vAlI tejI (44) hAMsalA (45) boriyA kekANu (46) jAMbuA (47) kulathavanA (48) serAhA (49) vAhara (50) kAchelA (51) siMducA (52) karaDaI (53) mAMTIpaNuM (54) pUThII paMcavaNuM 5hANuM (55) abarasa kekANu ane (56) khurAsANI. 28. pAdanoMdha 8 pramANe, pR. 75-76 78] [ sAmIpya : eprila, -sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vIra rasanA prakAra pI. yu. zAstrI* kAvyamAM AlekhAtA rasamAM gAra bhale rAja hoya, paraMtu vIra rasa paNa zRMgAra rasa jeTalo ja mahattvanuM gaNAya che. zRMgAra, vIra ke zAnta rasomAMthI koI paNa eka mahAkAvyamAM mukhya rasa tarIke Alekhavo joIe.' evI ja rIte, nATakamAM zRMgAra ke vIra bemAMthI koI eka mukhya rasa hovo joIe. Ama nATaka ane mahAkAvyamAM zRMgAra rasa jeTaluM ja mahattva vIra rasanuM che e spaSTa che. jyAM yuddha, dharma, dAna vagerene utsAha eTalo badho hoya ke vyakti tene mATe jana kurabAna karavA tayAra thaI jAya evuM AlekhAya tyAM vIra rasa janme che. A vIra rasanA traNa prakAro AcAya' bharata nATayazAstramAM sarva prathama gaNAvyA che temAM (1) yuddhavIra (2) dAnavIra ane (3) dhamavIrane samAveza thAya che. khuda brahmAe vIra rasanA A traNa prakAre kahyA che evA bhAratanA kathanane moTA bhAganA AlaMkArikAe brahmavAkyanI jema svIkAryuM che. paraMtu jema zRMgAranA be ja mukhya prakAro saMbhoga ane vipralaMbhane gaNAvavA chatAM te anaMta bhedovALe gaNAya che, tevI ja muMjAza vIra rasamAM hevAthI tenA aneka bhedo thaI zake ema mAnI zakAya, tyArabAda skraTe bharatano mata saMpUrNa rIte svIkArI yuddhavIra, dAnavIra ane dharmavIra e bhArate gaNavelA traNeya prakAra gaNAvyA che.' e pachI dhanaMjaye vIra rasanA prakAro bAbata bharatane anusarI, aMzata : pitAne maulika mata rajU karyo che. bhAratane anusarI dhanaMjaya, vIra rasanA traNa prakAro ja mAne che, chatAM bharatanA dhamavAra prakArane badale dayAvIra nAmane vIra rasane navo ja prakAra te gaNAve che. dhanaMjaye gaNavelA A kayAvIra e navA prakArane moTA bhAganA alaMkArika svIkAre che. te pachI AcArya bheje dhanaMjayanA jevo ja mata svIkAryo hovAnuM jaNAya che, kAraNa ke pitAnA graMthamAM teo A traNe prakAranAM udAharaNe 2ju kare che.' e ja arasAmAM AcArya mammaTe potAnA graMtha kAvya prakAzamAM vIra rasanI carcAmAM phakta yuvIra prakAranA vIra rasane eka ja zleka udAharaNa tarIke Ape che. eTalA parathI dhanaMjayanA vIra rasanA traNa prakAre AcArya mammaTa svIkAratA hovA vize kAvya prakAzanA prakhyAta TIkAkAronI zakAo jotAM anumAnI zakAya. - tyAra pachI AcArya hemacaMdra dhanajayanA dayAvIrane dUra karI bharatanA dharmavIra prakArane svIkAra karyo che. AcArya hemacaMdra bharatanA prAmAyane custa rIte vaLagI rahI temaNe kahelA traNa prakArone ja gaNave che. e pachI nATaparpaNanA lekhaka rAmacaMdra ane guNacaMdra vIra rasanA prakAromAM dhanaMjayane badale bharata ane hemacaMdrane anusare che. teo bhAratanA traNa prakAre gaNuvyA pachI dhanaMjaya karatAM paNa vadhu kAtikArI mata sarva prathama rajU kare che. e mata mujaba vIra rasanA aneka prakAro paDI zake * adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, ela. DI. ArTasa koleja, amadAvAda -vIra rasanA prakAro] [7 For Private and Personal Use Only

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che. A pratikArI mata sarva prathama raju karavAnuM mAna rAmacaMdra ane guNacaMdrane phALe jAya che. A mata vistArathI sthApavAnuM kArya jagannAthe pAchaLathI karyuM che. tyArabAda vAlaTAlaMkAranA lekhaka vAlmaTa,10 narendraprabha1 ane kAvyAnuzAsananA lekhaka vADmaTa 2 bharata ane hemacaMdrane anusarI yuddhavIra, dAnavIra ane dharmavIra e traNa prakArene svIkAre che. , te pachI alarAja13 ane siMhabhapAla14 e baMne AlaMkArike vaLI pAchA dhanaMjayane anusarI dharmavIra prakArane badale dayAvIra prakArane svIkAre che. e bA vizvanAthe bhArata ane dhanaMjaya bananA matone samanvaya karI vIra rasanA cAra prakAro svIkAryo che. yuddhavIra, dAnavIra ane dharmavIra e bharate gaNavelA traNa prakAre sAtha bane jaye gaNAve dayAvIra prakAra paNa vizvanAthe svIkAryo che. Ama vizvanAthe samanvayakArI navIna mata rajU vizvanAtha pachI amRtAnaMda, ajitasena 17 vijayavaNI18 ane bhAna 8 dhanaMjaya gaNavelA vIra rasanA traNa prakAre svIkAryA che. eTale ke teo bhAratanA dharmavIra prakArane svIkAratA nathI ja. e pachI gosvAmI bhakti e eka ja rasane mAne che. bhAratanA vIra rasane te vIrabhakti rasa kahe che. vizvanAthane anusarI A vIrabhakti rasane cAra prakArane gaNAve che.20 eTale vIrabhakti rasanA yuddha, dAna, dayA ane dharma e cAra prakAre te varNave che. . tyArabAda gaMgAnaMda ane padmasuMdara3 dhanaMjayanA matane ja anusarI vIra rasanA yuddha, dAna ane dayA e traNa prakAro svIkAre che. 25 gosvAmInI jema madhusUdana sarasvatI bhaktine ja ekamAtra rasa mAne che. tethI temaNe vIra rasanA sthAyI bhAva utasAhanA traNa prakAra (1) datsAha (2) kAnotsAha ane (3) dharmotsAha gaNAvyA che.23 bhaktimAM yuddha to hoya ja nahIM. mATe yuddhotsAha prakAra mAnya nathI. madhusUdane kahelA utsAha traNa prakAra ane tenAM udAharaNe parathI teo vIra rasanA traNa prakAra mAnatA hevAnuM anumAna karI zakAya. Ama yuddhavIrane na svIkAranArA AlaMkArika madhusUdana ekalA ja apavAdarUpa che. chelle, jagannAthe vIra rasanA prakAronI bAbatamAM vizvanAthanA matane anusarI cAra prakAro mAnyA che. eTaluM ja nahIM, e pachI rAmacaMdra guNacaMdrane anusarI, temanAthI eka DagaluM AgaLa vadhI vIra rasanA zRMgAra rasanI jema ghaNA prakAro thaI zake evo avanavIna mata25 vistArapUrvaka rajU karyo che. jagannAtha kahe che ke prAcInoe gaNavelA cAra prakAre uparAMta satyavIra e pAMcamo prakAra gaNo paDe. tene je dharmavIra prakAramAM samAve te dayAvIra ane dAnavIra e be prakArone dharmavIra prakAramAM samAvavAne aniSTa prasaMga Avaze. e uparAMta chaThTho pAMDityavIra prakAra paNa gaNAvI zakAya. A pAMDityavIrane je yuddhavIramAM samAvo to kSamAvIra e sAtamAM prakArane enI jema samAvI nahI zakAya. vaLI balavIra e AThamo prakAra paNa mAnavo paDe. have je balavIra prakAramAM garva e bhAvane dhvani hoya che ema kahI tene rasa nA mAne te yuddhavIramAM paNa AvA bhAva vanio batAvI zakAya ke je aniSTa che. vaLI dayAvIramAM utsAha hoya che e mAnatA hevAthI balavIramAM paNa utsAha ja mAnavo paDaze. Ama vistRta chaNAvaTa karI jagannAtha evA niSkarSa para pahoce che ke [sAmIpya : eprila, 93-saTe, 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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vIra rasanA ghaNA prakArA pADI zakAya che. kavie zRMgAra rasane mukhya mAne che ane tenA aneka prakAra pADe che tevI ja rIte vIra rasa zRMgAra jevA mukhya hovAthI tenA ghaNA prakAro paDe e svAbhAvika che. Ama jagannAthane mata rAmacaMdra ane guNyadranA matanA vistAra che. ema kahevu rahyuM. jagannAthanA AvA mata pachI paNa vidyAbhUSaNa26 ane vizvezvara27 vIra rasanA cAra prakAro svIkAre che e tavu joIe, Acharya Shri Kailassagarsuri Gyanmandir e pachI vidyArAma,28 bhUdeva zukala,28 gAvinda. ane kRSNakavi e badhA ja dhana Mjayane anusarI vIra rasanA temaNe ApelA traNa prakAro svIkAre che. dharmavIra e ceAthA prakArane te svIkAratA nathI. kAvyapradIpanA TIkAkAra vaidyanAtha tatsat dharmavIra prakAranA vIra rasa dhana'jaye dazakRpakamAM mAnyA nathI,32 mATe svIkArI nA zakAya ema spaSTa zabdomAM kahe che. TUMkamAM, vIra rasanA yuddhavIra ane dAnavIra e be prakAro sarvasaMmata che. dayAvIra prakAra bharate na ApyA heAvA chatAM dhana jaye ApyA hovAthI ghaNA badhA svIkAre che. phakta hemacaMdra ane temanI paraparAnA gheADAka Ala'kArikA yAvIrane badale dhamavIrane svIkAre che. vizvanAtha baMnenA samanvaya karI cAre prakArAne svIkAre che. vizvanAthanA matane pAchaLathI thADAka Ala kArikAe svIkAryAM che. rAma ane guNya tathA jagannAtha vIra rasanA aneka prakArA che evA mata dharAve che. ema sUtrAtmaka rIte kahI zakAya. taTastha rIte jotAM, AlaMkArikAe bharate ApelA cAra ala kArAne badale dhaNA ala'kAre svIkAryAM che tathA zRMgAra rasanA ananta prakAranA svIkAranI jema vIra rasanA paNa aneka prakAre svIkAravA ghaTe evA tAraNa upara A badhI carcAne aMte ApaNe AvI zakIe. pAdaTIpa 1. vAMcA : zu'trIraracantAnAmekoDakI rasa te / vizvanAthakRta sAhityapaNuM', 6/317, niNyasAgara AvRtti, I. sa. 1936 taka'vAgIzanI TIkA sAthe 2. vAMcA : va maveDDI rRnAro vIra:va vA / . ejana, 6/10 3. rAnavI dharmavIra tathaiva carasa vIja grAha mA trividhameva 2 // 'bharatakRta nATayazAstra', 6/79 haridAsa saMskRta graMthamAlA, kAzImAMthI prakAzita. 4. gussAdAramA vIra: sa treSA sudharmAnevu | kAvyAla kAra', 15/1 ni yasAgara AvRtti, I. sa. 1928 5. vIraH pratApavinayAdhyavasAya sattvamohA viSAdanyavismayavikramAdyaiH / utsAhabhUH sa ca dayAraNadAnayogAt tredhA kilAtra matigarvadhRtipraharSAH || 'zarUpaka', 4/72, vidyAbhavana sa`skRta graMthamAlA, AvRtti, I. sa. 1962 6. jue : 'sarasvatIka'ThAbharaNa', 5/166, kArikAnA udAharaNazlAka 104, 105 ane 106, niyasAgara AvRtti, I. sa. 1934 vIra rasanA prakAza ] For Private and Personal Use Only [ 81

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che. jue : "kAvyaprakAza', 4/6 parane zudra saMgrAme e udAharaNa bleka bee saMskRta sIrIjha AvRtti, jhaLakIkaranI TIkA sAthe. 8. dipimA zaizanumAvo pRthimithurAho dharmAnayuddhame vIraH + kAvyAnuzAsana', 2/14, rasikalAla parIkha saMpAdita, I. sa. 1938 9. ra jAnevA yu vAnarintaipAvarganAdhapAmeAta ! "nATayadarpaNa', 3/16,paranI tti, gAyakalaDa orIenTala sIrIjha, vaDodarAnI AvRtti. 10. 3erdAramA maved vAMaSA panihAnata: vAglaTAlaMkAra', pA21, nirNayasAgara AvRtti, I. sa. 1928 11. vallAho TrAnayuqdharma vIrarasa: mRta: | 'alaMkAra mahedadhi, 3/ra0, gAyakavADa orienTala sIrIjha, vaDodarAnI AvRtti. 12. sa = tripA-TAnavIro ghavIro yuvIrahyA "kAvyAnuzAsana', adhyAya 5, pRSTha 26 paranI vRtti, nirNayasAgara AvRtti, I. sa. 1915 13. tarApa samAre veva tathA TrAnarSAvati | sa ra triva thato munirmitAmi che "rasaratna- pradIpikA', bhAratIya vidyAbhavananI AvRtti, I. sa. 1945 14. Darato vIra te / TI triSada samAna tAna yuddhamavA "rasAvadhAkara', 2/237-raka, adyAra lAIbrerI prakAzana, I. sa. 1979 15. sa ra kAnavayuvA 2 mavitatharSa rajU "sAhityapaNa', 3/234, niNAsAgara AvRtti I. sa. 1936, takavAmIzanI TIkA sAthe. 16. ullatu vimAvA: puNA vIraraso mata | TrAnavIro DhAvI yuvIraDhiyA kathA || "alaMkAra saMgraha', 3/42 ADayAra lAyabrerI prakAzana, I. sa. 1948 , 17. ullAho vo vimAvA pucho vAraso mataH | roDa TrAnA yuTyUna triviyo mata: | , , "alaMkAraciMtAmaNi', pa/109, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakA, I. sa. 1973 8. ...... vIralo mata: | vaizcataf: 4 rakA triSi: punate rAnavIyAvIraghuvIra praznAramA "zRMgArArzavacaMdrikA', 3/86-87, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana I. sa. 1969 19. : 3rasAda: sarvedriyAna prada vA vIra: ! = = tridhA, yuddhavIratAnIyAvIrAta | "rasataraMgiNa taraMga', 6, pRSTha 44, kAzI graMtharatnamAlA prakAzana, kAzI 20. sevotsAharatiH sthAyI vibhAvAdyairnijocitaH / AnIyamAnaH svAdyatva bIrabhaktiraso bhaveta // yuddhanAdhaaizva7 vAra 3yate "haribhaktarasAmRtasiMdhu', uttara vibhAga, 3/1-2, vivAvilAsa presa, vArANasImAMthI prakAzita, I. sa. 1932 21. yuvAna sAmen triviSe vAra phaMtiH | karNabhUSaNa, pa/6, nirNayasAgara AvRtti, I. sa. 1926 22. tusAda vIro vAnararmava: + akabarazAhi-zRMgAradapaNa, 435, ane saMskRta lAIbrerI prakAzana, bIkAnera, I. sa. 1943 [sAmIpya : eprila, 'ka-sa, 11 82 ] For Private and Personal Use Only

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23. juo : bhaktirasAyana, 2/21, 22 ane 23, vidyAvilAsa presa, vArANasImAMthI prakAzita. 24 thI anuSa | kAnAvAyuSakupAyarasAdastha agvavAnuM ! barasagaMgAdhara', pR. 37, nirNaya sAgara AvRtti, I. sa. 1930 24. itya vIramasya mAturvidhya prapAJcita prAcAmanurodhAta / vatutastu vadavo vIrAsara jAva ghArA nimituM ! ejana, pR. 42 26. guDhAnArthapUrvavat vIrazcaturvidha: | "sAhityakaumudI ullAsa, 4/8 paranI vRtti, nisAgara AvRtti, I. sa. 1897 sAkSamA vIra: ....jU nAyuddhadharmagrLAmusInAM meDhAvAI rasacaMdrikA, vIrarasa prakaraNa', haridAsa saMskRta graMthamAlA, kAzImAMthI prakAzita, I. sa. 1926 calAna sAmevarakata trividha mata: "sadIghikA', 43, rAjasthAna purAtatva graMthamAlA prakAzana, I. sa. 1959 29. .....loDa vIraSiA mataH ! yuddhavIro hAnathI vIratAvara: "rasavilAsa', 2/42, pUnA - airIenTala buka hAusa, pUnAmAMthI prakAzita. che. te ja jhinnA, yuddhavIro navI jamAvI . kAvyapradIpa', pR. 82, nirNayasAgara AvRti, brikamaju raso jIra:, kidhA ! hAnavIrAtrIraghuvIra viyataH | "maMdAramadacaMpa', !. 104, nirNayasAgara AvRtti, I. sa. 1924 2. jAti pavIttevi mitra yudhijhihirAstathApi pharANa thI tratha ga #fthatA kRtti rAvata vorA papradIpa', patnI thavanAtha tatsatanI prajA TIma, pR. 80, nirNayasAgara AvRtti, I. sa. 1973 vIra rasanA prakAre] [ 83 For Private and Personal Use Only

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sAhitya ane rASTravAda : 'hiMda ane briTAniyA' (1885)mAM vyakta thayelI rASTrIya bhAvanA* jayakumAra zukala * itihAsakAra ane sAhityakAra vacce eka moTo taphAvata e che ke itihAsakAra teNe pasaMda karelA viSayavastunuM nirUpaNa cokkasa samaya ane sthaLanA saMdarbhamAM kare che, jyAre, sAhityakAra A mayadAthI para rahIne tenI kathAmAMthI sArvatrika satya (Universal truth)nI kheja kare che. itihAsakAra tene prApta thayelI sAdhana-sAmagrIne AdhAre tenA pitAnA daSTikaNa anusAra aitihAsika prasaMgone samajAve che, tyAre bIjI tarapha sAhityakAra eka sarjaka hoI te kAlpanika pAtra dvArA vAcaka samakSa Adarzo rajU kare che. udAharaNa tarIke govardhanarAma mAdhavarAma tripAThIe temanI mahAna kRti "sarasvatIcaMdra'mAM eka tarapha prAcIna hiMdu saMskRtinAM mUlyo ane Adarzone jhIlyA to bIjI tarapha temaNe prAcIna ane arvAcIna pAzcAtya saMskRtinAM mUlyone paNa vAcA ApI ane A rIte temaNe A bane saMskRtionAM lakSaNone 19 mA saikAnA parAdhIna bhAratIya jIvana sAthe vaNI laIne svadeza prema ane samAja sevAnAM paraMparAgata tane biradAvyAM, tenI sAthe sAthe temaNe patya ane pAzcAtya saMskRtio vacce setu bAMdhavAnuM paNa bhagIratha prayAso karyA. govardhanarAme aitihAsika saMzodhananI paddhatio apanAvI hota te A zaka ja na banata. A ja kAraNathI temaNe eka sarjanazIla kalAkRti dvArA parAdhIna bhAratanI te samasyAone samajAvavAno prayAsa karyo. A daSTie joIe te govardhanarAma tripAThInA samakAlIna icachArAma sUryarAma desAIe (1854-1912) paNa temanI pAse aitihAsika sAmagrI hovA chatAM temanI kRti tarIke temaNe navalakathAnuM svarUpa apanAvyuM. temaNe je aitihAsika saMzodhananI paddhatio apanAvI hatI te temane nakkara hakIkatone ja vaphAdAra rahevuM paData ane pitAnI kalpanA zaktine lezamAtra sthAna na rahevA pAmata. paraMtu temaNe kalAkRtinuM svarUpa apanAvyuM ane te samaye muMbaIthI temanA dvArA prasiddha thatA svataMtratA" nAmanA akhabAramAM temaNe "pahADa para bharatakhaMDanA hetasvI" zIrSaka heThaLa 1879 mAM zreNIrUpe pragaTa karavA mAMDI. tyAra bAda 1885 mAM eTale ke hiMdI rASTrIya mahAsabhAnI sthApanAnA varase ja te "hiMda ane briTAniyAnA zIrSaka heThaLa muMbaIthI prasiddha karI. gujarAtI bhASAnI A sau prathama rAjakIya navalakathA hatI. * Research Paper read at the National Seminar on "History and Literature : Their Inter-Relationship in the field of Research" (9-11 Feb. 1991) at Sardar Patel University, Vallabha Vidyanagar. + nivRtta adhyakSa, itihAsa vibhAga, eca. ke. ArTasa kaileja, amadAvAda 84] [ sAmIyuM : eprila, '94-sapTe., 1997 For Private and Personal Use Only

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IcchArAma sUryarAmane janma suratamAM thayo hato ane temaNe temanuM prAthamika zikSaNa paNa suratanI mizana skUlamAM lIdhuM hatuM. jo ke nabaLI zArIrika sthitine lIdhe teo meTrikanI parIkSA pasAra karI zakyA nahotA. 19mA saikAnA uttarArdhathI suratamAM sAmAjika jAgRti AvatI jatI hatI. te samaye durgArAma mahetAjI, dinamaNizaMkara, dAdobA pADuraMga ane kavi narmada jevA prakhara samAja sudhArake temanI anekavidha pravRttio dvArA sAmAjika aniSTa sAme jehAda upADI rahyA hatA. rAjakIya daSTie joIe te surata amadAvAdanI sarakhAmaNImAM ghaNuM vadhAre uddAmavAdInagara hatuM. I. sa. 1844 mAM surate mIThAnA AkarA karaverAnI bAbatamAM briTiza sarakAra viruddha baMDa karyuM hatuM. te ja pramANe 180 mAM jyAre briTiza sarakAre gujarAta upara AkarA Avakavero jhIMko tyAre suratanA lokee jabaradasta haDatAla pADIne teno vaLato javAba Apyo hato. pAchaLathI jyAre hiMda rASTrIya mahAsabhAmAM "mavALa" ane "jahAla" pakSe paDyA tyAre suratanA rAjakIya netAo jahAla pakSanI paDakhe UbhA rahyA. Ama icchArAma desAIe suratamAMthI uddAmavAdI saMskAra sAhajika rIte ja meLavyA hatA. "hida ane briTAniyA"mAM temanI uddAmavAdI vicArasaraNI daSTigocara thAya che. A navalakathAmAM traNa mukhya pAtro che ane temane devI athavA te strI-zaktinI upamA ApI che. A pAtra "hida" "briTAniyA" ane "svataMtratA" che ane cothuM nAnuM pAtra "dezahita' che. A "dezahitane hiMda devInA saMtAna tarIke darzAvavAmAM AvyuM che. temanI vaccenA saMvAdo dvArA lekhaka hiMda ane iMglenDanI saMskRtionI khUbIo vAcaka samakSa rajU kare che ane saMvAda kAra ja teo iMglenDa ane hiMdanI sArI ane narasI bAjuone abhivyakta kare che. paraMtu A aMge ApaNe khuda lekhakanI ja prastAvanAne TAMkIzuM to te, 19mA saikAnA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika saMjogone temaja lekhakanA daSTibiMdune samajavAmAM sahAyarUpa thaI paDaze. lekhake temanI prastAvanAmAM nAMkhyuM che: kerakAra e A sRSTino sarvamAnya niyama che, ane te ja niyamAnusAra manuSya jIdagIne . rAjakIya viSayamAM haMmezAM banAvo bane che. hiMdusthAnano itihAsa pheraphArane apUrva namUno che,... 1876 thI 1880 sudhInA pAMca varSamAM A dezamAM moTo rAjakIya gaDabaDATa cAlu thayo hato, ne 1883 mAM kALAne gorAnA mana ghaNuM tapI gayAM hatAM, tyAre bannenA guNa avaguNa darzAvavA evI mArI manavRtti thaI. tene anusarIne A tihAsika nibaMdha racAya che. kALAgorAnA, dezIparadezInA Arya ane aMgrejanA mananA UbharAo koI paNa bArIka taDAtaDIne samaye bahAra jozabhera UbharAI Ave che, ane tethI asaMtoSa ne aprIti, vaira ne TheSa vadhavAno bhaya vAraMvAra rahe che. " banne pakSa sAmasAmA ekabIjAnuM bhUMDuM IcchI ati aghaTita, amaryAdita bhUThuM bole che. e bane A nibaMdha apakSapAta ne nirmaLa mane vAMcaze to teone kahevuM paDaze ke baMne pakSa sarakhA deSane pAtra che. tathApi kahI kahI A graMthamAM briTAniyAno pakSa prasiddha khecele jaNAze tenuM kAraNa spaSTa che. yoganI anukULatAo mogala-marAThAne parAjaya pamADI je rAjya Aje sarvoparI pracaMDa tape che, ane duniyAnI sarvathI zreSTha prajA para rAja kare che, to te banAvamAM Izvara AjJA vizeSa hevI joIye ema vidvAnene anusarI mAruM mAnavuM che, ne te ja kharuM che." sAhitya ane rASTravAda: 'hiMda ane briTAniyA' (1885)mAM vyakta thayelI rASTrIya bhAvanA] [85 For Private and Personal Use Only

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ma rAjakIya navalakathAnuM aitihAsika mahattva e che ke temAM lekhake temanI dhAradAra bhASA dvAsa khritiza sarakAranI nItio viSe peAtAnA himatabharyA vicAra vyakta karyA che. A mathe bhAratanA zikSita varga'mAM khaLabhaLATa macAvI dIdhA hatA. A navalakathAe eka bAju vastAra egle izmina vabhAnapatrA tathA khIjIbAju rASTravAdI akhabArA vacce tIvra vila6 jamAvyA haEA. eglAiMDiyana akhabAreAe tenI AlAcanA karI hatI, jyAre rASTravAdI vartamAnapAe tenI prazna sA karI hatI. iMglenDa, yuropa tathA yunAITeDa sTeTsanAM agrima akhabArAmAM paNa A graMtha viSe carcA thaI hatI. A navalakathAnA saMvAdomAM vyakta thatI aitihAsika ghaTanAo tathA tatkAlIna lAkonI jAgRti darzAvatAM keTalAMka udAharaNo atre rajU karu chu : hiM devInA putra dezahite kahyu.....je bhUmi para sadAkALa vijaya vijayane harSoMnAda thatA ane je bhUminI devI khIjA sava dezonI mahArANI tarIke birAjatI evI e mahAdevI! tu Aja vahetAM lehIe, nisteja vadane Ama rakhaDe, e zuM thADu dhyAmaNuM che? te pUrvanA raMga kayAM gayA ? kayAM gaI te pUrvInI riddhi, siddhi samRddhi ? kayAM gayuM te prema zau` ? te yuddha raMga kayAM che ?...are te svataMtratA kayAM gaI?...' "te sa` briTAniyA pAse che,' mahArANI hinda mAlyAM, mArA priya putra! mArA bAMdhavI te sadhaLuM briTAniyAe laI lIdhuM che. teNe sane nirAdhAra te AzAbhaga kIdhA che. eTaluM chatAM te gumAna dharAve che ke, meM hindanA putrane AbhArI kIdhA che? kevA prakAre ? keLavaNI ApI vahIna banAvI dIdhA; sadA sadaMteSamAM mahAlavAnI zikSA ApI, ame tamAru rakSaNa karIzuM' mATe bhAatI tamAre jarUra nathI ema kahI te laI lIdhA; sainya vargamAM A sthAnIe te| jANe lAyaka ja nathI ema dhArI tene tAlIma ApatI ja nathI...dezI rAja rAkhyAM, paNa te nahi jevA karI dIdhAM; vizAyatathI anyastra mAMgAvavA dIdhAM, paNa te AvyA pachI, tamAre tenA zA upayAga karavA che, ame tamArA rakSaNakartA kevA sAmarthyavAna chiye, ema samajAvI chinavI lIdhAM,...dezI rAjyonAM sainyanA nAza karavAnI chUpI IcchA darzAvI,...mArA putrAne manuSya prANImAMthI rada kIdhA, kemake svataMtra ha vinA svadezAbhimAna nahi ane svadezAbhimAna vinA manuSya ja nahi.'' hindarANIe kazA paNa Dara vagara karaDAkImAM prati uttara vALyA; "gaSTi Arata! tu zu savane eka lAkaDIe hAMke che ke? rAjyamada te dhanama6 eTale na rAkha; muddhimaMda te samRddhimAM chakelI ! meTameTAnA gava atizaya suMdara svarUpamAM zAbyA te khaDita thayA, te| tuM kANu hisAbamAM ... pArakA baLa para ghUmI ATalA badhA mada! kaI saitika racanA racI te vijaya meLavyA ? dAlatamAM 6 thaI temAM zuM? yuddha kuzaLatA darzAvavI hoya teA joje koI dahADo mArA hAtha, paNu hamaNAM'. bhAratane thayelA anyAyA vartu vatAM lekhake lAkhe! dezavAsIomAM jAgRta thayelI rASTrIyabhAvanAne vAcA ApatAM jaNAvyu` che ....tArI avyavastha rAjanItinA AdhAre ne julamathI hArA bulke lAkhe, mArAM raMka bAlA pAyamAla thaI gayAM che te pAchAM Apa; DelahAusInI peAtAnI ekalapeTI, raMtu' kahe che tevI mAMsarakata hArI rAjanItithI je rAjyeA hAIyAM thayAM che te pAchAM Apa; nijhAmanA varADa prAMta je vinAke tArA hAthamAM che te pAchA Apa;....mArI jAheAjalAlIe prakAzatAM zeherA, nagarA, jemanAM kArakhAnAnAM 6 ] [sAmIpsa : eprila, '93-sapTe., 1993 For Private and Personal Use Only

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hunnarathI AkhI duniyA heratamaMda thaI prazaMsA karatI hatI....jemanA jevA tArA mAncesTarane kharamiMgahAma AbAdInI caDhatInI Toca para pahAMcyAM che, tevAM mArAM nagarA pAchAM Apa; lADa kahIva ane vArana susTiMgsa mArA putrAnA DAcAMmAMthI je anagaLa deAlata hIrA, metI, mANeka, sunnu, jI" vigere laI gayA che te pAchu Apa......AryAvartInA pahADamAMthI Aja pacAsa vaSa thayAM dezavrata nAmanI nadIne amara jharA, medhadha sapATAbhera IMgleMDa sAgaramAM paDe che ane te dhAbA ne paTa haMmeza vadhatA ja jAya che....te dravyane dhAvA A bAjue reDa....... briTAniyAe javAba vALye; "me te kazuM gumAvyu` ja nathI? tArA taraphathI me kazu zodhyu' ja nathI .......kalakattAnA blAka hAlamAM pelA dhAtakI surAjaulAe mArA putrAnAM dIla kapAve te rIte prANu lIdhA te kevu` kamakamATa utpanna karanAru' krama' che ?'' bhAratanA leAkAe AgrejonA nAdurIthI sAmanA karyAM, keTalAke temanA mRtyAne badale lIdhe tathA temanI 1857nA viplavamAM katala karI te viSe phariyAda karatA briTAniyA jaNAve che : ........tArI pavitra kSetra kAzImAM mArA putrAne kApI nAMkhI, pANIne leAhI eka kIdhAM te tAru` mahA addabhuta kama haze ? lakhanau ane mulatAnamAM sagAM sabaMdhInA milApa karAvyA vagara taraphaDIyAM mAratAM je sa'hAra vAgye tene badale keNu ApI zakaze ! kAnapAranA kuvAmAM sekaDA, mArA ekalA priya bAlako nahi, paN mArI komaLa sukumAra devAMganA sarakhI duhitAeAnA tenA nirdoSa, nibaLa niraparAdhI baccAMo sahita kakaDAmukalA kIdhA, amaLAete bALakAne na khamAya evI rIte cIrI nAMkhyAM, strIonA sto na khamAya evI sthitimAM kApI nAMkhyAM, zaraNAgatatA para adhaTita balAtkAra karI temanI lAja lUMTI, ane e badhAM chatAM temanA priya patie samakSa temane halakI pArTI, kApI nAMkhI, kutarAMte bhakSa mATe sAMpI dIdhI e zuM? aseAsa! A hITuAM kama yAda karatAM mArA jIva ukaLI jAya che. e vaLI dUra nahi, paNa gaI vIsImAM ja banyuM che, te kaMI ja nahi ke hinda rANI e badhAne badale zAthI vaLe ?........''10 briTAniyAnA prati uttarathI hiMdarANIe 1857nA viplavamAM bhAratanA leAkeA para gujArAyelA julamanI kathA saMbhaLAvatAM kahyuM : tr ............ traNagaNA rASathI te dveSI 57 nA baLavA'ne joya che, paNu sekaDA mArA bAlane abhaya vacana mApyA pachI, veranAM bhaDakAM samAvavA, khArilA mAnatRSNAmAM aMdha anelA sattAdhArIoe temAMnA keTalAkane UMdhe mastare jhADe laTakAvyA, te keTalAkane te|panA dheALAe havAmAM urADI nAMkhyA athavA temanA avayavanA TukaDeTukaDA karI gIdha, kAgaDA, kutarAne khAvA mATe pavanamAM urADI dIdhA. anAtha strIe potAnA patinA marI gharabAra vagara, emanAM dharA khaLavAmAM mAne bahAne te lUTI lIdhAM che tee tIta paDatA tApamAM utrADe page baLe che, tenI kANu dAda le che ?... gAmaDAMnA gAmaDAM bhaDake lagADayAM, e zuM?......aparAdhIne nirdoSa sanI sAmaTI katala karI nAMkho......zaraNAgata zAharAne tApanA mukha AgaLa dharyo, e zuM kaMI nahi?......tArA raktanA eka biMdu mATe, mArA raktane mahAsAgara umarAvyeA che.'11 hindu ane briTAniyA vaccenA saMvAdarUpe rajU thayelI A navalakathA sAhityanI kRti hovA chatAM temAM aitihAsika hakIkatA spaSTa dekhAI Ave che. 19 mI sadInA esInA dAyakAmAM prasiddha thayelI A kRtimAM tatkAlIna leAkAmAM pragaTelI jAgRti, rASTrIyabhAvanA tathA dezabhakti tenA vAstavika svarUpamAM STigAcara thAya che. sAhitya ane rASTravAda: 'hiMda ane briTAniyA' (1885)mAM vyakta thayelI rASTrIya bhAvanA] [87 For Private and Personal Use Only

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pATI 1. dhIrubhAI ThAkara ane indravadana dave, "graMtha ane graMthakAra', pu. 10 (amadAvAda, 1952), pR. 8 2. R. L. Rawal, "Cultural Perspectives of the Emerging Nationalism in the Nine teenth Century Gujarat" in Makrand Mehta, Regional Roots of Indian Nationalism (Delhi. 1990), pp. 15-27 Government of Bombay, Source Material for a History of the Freedom Movement, Vol. I, (Bombay, 1957), pp. 17-22 4. Ibid, pp. 19-22 5. IcchArAma sUryarAma desAI, hindu ane briTAniyA ane rAjabhakti viDambana (eka rAjakIya citra'), sudhArelI cothI AvRtti, (muMbaI, 1925), prastAvanA, pR. 11 6. ejana, (prastAvanA), pR. 15-17 7. ejana, pR. 6, 7 8. ejana, pR. 12 9. ejana, 5. 18-19 10. ejana, pR. 19-20 11. ejana, pR. 21 sAbhAra-svIkAra zrI hemacandrAcArya ane temaNe racela zrI mahAdeva batrIsI-stotra, le. paM. zIlacandravijaya gaNi, prathama AvRtti, vi. saM. 2045, prakAzaka: zrI jaina grantha prakAzana samiti, khaMbhAta, pR. 10, kiM. rU. 5/ amRta ciMtana, le. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, prathama AvRtti, 1892, prakAzaka : anekAnta bhAratI prakAzana, AMbAvADI, amadAvAda-15, pR. 326, kiM. rU. 40/- prekSAthAna-AhAra ane vijJAna, le. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, prathama AvRtti, 1991, prakA. : anekAnta bhAratI prakAzana, AMbAvADI, amadAvAda-15, pR. 80, kiM. rU. 12/ MALFUZ LITERATURE As a source of political, Social & Cultural History of Gujarat & Rajasthan, by Dr. Z. A. Desai, First ed., 1991, Publisher : Khunda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library, Patna-4, p. 63, Price Rs. 10/ daphatara saMcAlananAM taro, le. paMkaja ThAkorabhAI desAI, prathama AvRtti, 1992, prakAzaka : gUjarAta vidyApITha, amadAvAda-14, pR. 18, kiM. rU. 25/ prekSAdhyAna ekeDamI, saMpA. rohita zAha, prathama AvRtti, 1992, prakAzaka : anekAnta bhAratI prakAzana, AMbAvADI, amadAvAda-15, pR. 28 anusaMdhAna-1, saMkalanakAra, muni zIlacaMdravijayajI ane harivallabha bhAyANI, prathama AvRtti, 1997, prakAzaka : kalikAlasarvajJa zrI hemacandrAcArya navama janmazatAbdI smRti saMskAra zikSaNanidhi, amadAvAda, pR. 42, kiM. rU. 10/ anusaMdhAna 2-3, saMkalanakAra, muni zIlacandravijaya-harivallabha bhAyANI, prathama AvRtti, 199394, prakAzaka : kalikAlasarvajJa zrI hemacandrAcArya navama janma zatAbdI smRti saMskAra zikSaNanidhi, amAvAva, p. 84 (mAna 2) ft. . 20; pR. 50 (bhAga 2), kiM. . 20. [ sAmIpya : eprila, 3-7, 1993 88) For Private and Personal Use Only

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'gujarAtanA rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa' saMpA. pra. 2. che. parIkha ane hai. ha. naM. zAstrI (graMtha 1-7) hai. ha. ga. zAstrI ane hai. pra. ci. parIkha (graMtha 8-9) kiMmata graMtha 1 ; itihAsanI pUrvabhUmikA (pR. 24 + 10 + 31 citro) 1972 9-75 (aprApya) praya 2 : maurya kAlathI guptakAla (pR. 23+646+35 citro), 1972 9-75 (4) graMtha 3 : maitrakakAla ane anumaitraka kAla (pR. 23+505+35 citrA) 1974 6-200 graMtha 4 : selaMkIkAla (pR 31+ 628 + 34 citro) 1976 ( 9-55 ( ) graMtha 5 : satata kAla (pR. 32 + 575 + 40 citro) 1976 25-50 graMtha 6 : mughala kAla (pR. 24-598+38 citro) 1979 19-45 graMtha 7 : marAThA kAla (pR. 24-461+57 citro) 1982 13-25 graMtha 8 : briTiza kAla (I. sa. 1818 thI 1914) 1984 20-40 (pR. 31+6 84+24 citro) praya 9 : AjhAdI pahelAM ane pachI (I. sa. 1915 thI 196 0 1987 40 -40) (pR. 24 + 570 + 24 citro). -: prAptisthAna : bho. je. vidyAbhavana ha. kA. Arsa koleja kampAunDamAM, Azrama roDa, amadAvAda-38 1009 15-00 1966 ? e - e e prabalvAdi mAM etihAsika ane sAmAjika vastu (pR. 4 + 56) 1977 | le bhogIlAla ja. sAMDesarA avatAro ane avatAravAda (pR. 8+36) 1978 le. polararAya mAMkaDa navapurAtattava (pR. 8+70+21 citro) 1983 . le. hasamukha dhI, sAMkaLiyA jaina sampradAyameM mokSa, avatAra aura punarjanma (pR. 8+48) 2 182 kartA : DaoN. padmanAbha jainI Coins : The Source of Indian History (Pages 6+143) 1981 by Parameshwari Lal Gupta Indian Literary Theory and Practical Criticism (Pages 7+96) 1982 by Dr. K. Krishnamoorthy History and Culture of Central India 1984 by Prof. K. D. Bajpai (Pages 132-39 IIIus.) gaNadharavAda (pR. 147+212+para) 1985 le. 5', dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA 28-00 29-00 100-00 10 0-00 -: prAptisthAna :gujarAta vidyAsabhA, premAbhAI hAla, bhadra, amadAvAda- 380 001 For Private and Personal Use Only