Makaranda Madhukar Anand Mahendale Festshrift

Author(s): M A Dhaky, Jitendra B Shah
Publisher: Shardaben Chimanbhai Educational Research Centre

Page 111

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Anna Radicchi
Makaranda
from it', is already bhāṣyan. The Käśikā uses it and often also uses its shorter equivalent, itikarano vivakṣārthaḥ.
Under 4. 4. 125, which contains iti in the sutra, in place of itikarano vivakṣārthaḥ we read itikarano niyamārthaḥ: niyama means the limit of application of the sutra depending on the speaker's desire to express himself, as shown by usage. 'Itikaraṇa indicates there are limits on usage', itikaraṇādviṣayaniyamaḥ, we read under 5. 2. 94 before the traditional sloka enumerating the meanings in which we find the affix matup employed. The vṛtti considers this itikarana repeated by anuvṛtti, with its effect of evoking the vivakṣā, under 5. 2. 95 and the following sutras regulating the use of the matvarthiya affixes.
Under 2. 2. 27 governing the formation of compounds like keśākesi, 'by the hair,' and daṇḍādandi, 'stick against stick', it is said that the iti in the sūtra makes one go back to, i. e. it makes one understand what people want to express (laukikamartham); the seizing, fighting, reciprocity, the struggle: all contribute to the meaning of the compound and all derive from iti. Here one is talking about the laukikī vivakṣā; the Mahābhāṣya had already named it, contrasting it with a prayoktrī vivakṣā, an 'individual vivakṣā', which the Kāśikā does not mention.
On the one hand, itikarana is restrictive, that is it specifies usages by referring back to spoken language; on the other hand, it leaves room for further additions. For example, iti in 5. 2. 93 indicates that the list of meanings of indriya given in the sutra can be enlarged in case different etymologies
occur.
Elsewhere, iti allows further clarifications to be added to the wording of the sutra, for instance, 5. 2. 45 names only '(numerals) ending in dasa in the sense of "this is surplus in it"; examples are ekādaśam śatam, 'hundred + eleven', ekādaśam sahasram, 'thousand + eleven'. The sutra does not say that the surplus must be of the same nature as that to which it is added: 11 kārṣāpaṇa added to 100 others = ekādaśam kārṣāpaṇaśatam, '111 kārṣāpaṇa'; nor does the sutra explain that it is to be applied only to the numbers one hundred and one thousand. A traditional sloka focused attention on these details. But, the vṛtti concludes, it has been said that itikaraṇa is vivakṣārtha',