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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
(JULY, 1884.
between this lake and Kulja "a road has been both situated in Ferghana, and are probably to be mnde in ancient times through the mountain." identified with the Kassan and Badam of The country to the south of the pass, according Baber." I am strongly disposed to place Hu-szeto the narrative of Yeliu-cha-tsai's journey, or-do or Balasaghan near the modern Togmak. was overgrown with thick apple woods, which The invaders followed the road north of the gave its name to A-le-ma," i.e. Almaligh, which Alexandrofski range as far as Ta-la-sze," the we are told, had eight or nine other cities and famous town commanding the entrance of the towns dependent upon it. Grapes and pears pass which connects Irån and Turân. This abounded there, and the people cultivated the famous city, mentioned as early as the sixth tive kinds of grain, as was done in China. In century, is probably to be identified with the the notices of Ch'ang-Ch'an's journey we read ruins of Tiame-kent, some miles below Aulié. that at A-lima, "there is a kind of cloth called ata on the Talas.*** tu-lu-ma, which the people say is made from Meanwhile let us turn to Salçan Muhammad, regetable wool. This hair resembles the down who, having already felt the weight enclosing the reeds of our willows. It is very Mongol arms, and was conscious of their great clean, fine and soft, and they use it for making strength, had retired to Samarkand, and was thread, ropes, cloth, and wadding." This, no seized with unaccountable irresolution. Aldoubt, refers to cotton. The people there also though the forces he could muster probably nsed aqueducts for artificial irrigation. "For numbered 400,000, they were wanting in the drawing wnter they use a jar, which they bear discipline and other soldierly qualities of the on their heads. When they saw our Chinese pail Mongols, nor had they the latter's incentive to for drawing water, they were much delighted, fight. To them victory would bring but barand said, "You Tao-hua-shi" are very able ren honours, while to the Mongols it would men.**Schuyler identifies Almaligh with the open the gates to the rich treasures of Maveraruined town of Alim-tu, on a stream of the un-nehr. Besides this, the Mongols were same name, a little west of Kulja. Even at tolerably homogeneous, and bound together by this time it formed part of Chagatai's appa- common aims and an undivided allegiance, nage, for, we are told, Chang-kang, his chief while many of Muhammad's subjects had been architect, invited Chang-ch'un to cross the Ili, | too recently conquered to feel much attachclose by, to inaugurate some temples on the ment to him. His irresolution was also inother side." After passing Almaligh the inva- creased by the divided counsels offered by his ders crossed the Ili. They then no doubt followed generals, and the gloomy forebodings of his the road along the north of the Ala-Tau chain astrologers. past Alma-tu, which is perhaps the Ch'i-mur of One historian suggests that he was also the Changti's narrative, and thus reached the valley dupe of Chinghiz Khân himself. We are told of the Chui, and the capital of Kara Khitai that a native of Otrar, called Bedru'd-din, which is called Hu-sze-wol-ud-o or Hu-eze-ordowhose father, uncle, and some of his relatives in the Itinerary of Yeliu-chu-tsai. We have had been put to death by Muljanimad, had already referred to it under its other name of deserted the service of the latter, and joined the Belasaghun. In the biography of Ho-ze-mai-li, Mongols. He suggested to Chingbiz that he a native of the same place, there called Gu- might take advantage of the jealousy and illdse-war-do, as given in the Yuan-shi, we rend feeling that existed between Muhammad and that he governed the two cities of K'osan and his mother. Bedru'd-din, in fact, forged a letter BA-sze-he subject to Gu-dse-war-do, and that in the names of the various Kankali chiefs who when Chinghiz Khân conducted his armies into surrounded Muhammad's mother, and addressed Western Asia, he surrendered, together with the to Chinghiz Khân, and written in these terms : chiefs of these two towns. They were probably “We came with our tribes from Tarkestan to join
30 Bretachneider, Notes on Med. Travellers, &c., p. 82, note 71 ; and pp. 71 and 72, note 45.
The Kirghìz and other Turkish tribes still call an apple Alina. 5Their name for Chinese. * Op. cit. pp. 83 and 34.
* Turkestan, vol. II, pp. 158 and 159. » Bretachneider, Notes on Med. Travellers, p. 50. » Ismael » Notices of Med. Travellers, &c., p. 114, note 24. > 1.e. Taru.
Schuyler, op. cit. vol. II, p. 121.
