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350
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
(NOVEMBER, 1884.
princes of their line having obtained for them. site which Sagala had occupied. This is as nearly Belves sovereignties in various parts of the coun. as possible where Sangla-wala-tiba or Sanglala try, in Rajputâna, in the Panjab, on the banks of hill' now stands. This Sangala is a hill with the Ganges, and the very south of the Peninsula. traces of buildings and with a sheet of water From a passage in the Lalitavistara we learn that on one side of it. It thus answers closely to the at the time of the birth of Sakyamuni a Pandava description of the ancient Sangala in Arrian and dynasty reigned at Hastinapura, a city on the Curtius, both of whom represent it as built on a Upper Ganges about sixty miles to the north-east hill and as protected on one side from attacks by of Dehli. Megasthenes, as cited by Pliny, men. a lake or marsh of considerable depth. The hill tions a great Påndava kingdom in the region of is about 60 miles distant from Lahor, where the Jamna, of which Mathura was probably the Alexander probably was when the news about the capital. According to Rajput tradition the cele. Kathaians reached him. This distance is such as brated Vikramaditya, who reigned at Ujjain (the an army by rapid marching could accomplish in Ozên ê of the Greeks) about half a century B. C., 3 daye, and, as we learn that Alexander reached and whose name designates an epoch in use Sangala on the evening of the third after he had among the Hindas, was a Påndava prince. From left the Hydraðtês, we have here a strongly conthe 8th to the 12th century of our æra Påndavas firmative proof of the correctness of the identi. ruled in Indraprastha, a city which stood on fication. The Makedonians destroyed Sagala, but or near the site of Dehli. When all this is con- it was rebuilt by Demetrios, one of the Grecosidered it certainly seems surprising, as Saint- Baktrian kings, who in honour of his father Martin has observed (Étude, 206 n.) that the Euthydemos called it Euthydêmia. From name of the Pandus is not met with up to the this it would appear that the reading Euthymédia present time on any historic monument of the we given in Nobbe's and other texts, is erroneousnorth of India except in two votive inscriptions of (see Cunningham's Geog. of Anc. Ind., pp. 180Buddhist stúpas at Bhilsa. See also Ktude, 187) of. Saint-Martin, pp. 103-108). Pp. 205, 206.
47. The regions extending thence towards Labaka:-"This is perhape," says the same
the east are possessed by the Kaspeiraioi, author (p. 222), “the same place as a town of
and to them belong these cities :Lohkot (Lavakota in Sanskrit) which makes a great figure in the Rajput annals among the cities 48. Salagissa ...............1299 30 340 30 of the Panjab, but its position is not known for Astrassos ........................131° 15' 34° 15' certain. Wilford, we know not on what authority, Labokla ...........................1280 33° 20 identified it with Lahor, and Tod admits his
Batanagra ............
..130 33° 30' opinion without examining it."
Arispara ............... ........1300 32° 50 Sagala, called also Euthymèdia:-Sagala
Amakatis ........................ 128° 15' 32° 20' or Sangala (as Arrian less correctly gives the
Ostobalasara .....................1290
320 name) is the Sanskrit Såkala or Sakala, which in its Prakrit form corresponds exactly to the name in
49. Kaspeira
...............127° 31° 15' Ptolemy. This city is mentioned frequently in the Pasikana
..128° 30' 31° 15' Mahabharata, from which we learn that it was the Daidala ............ ........1289 30° 30 capital of the Madra nation, and lay to the west Ardone ...........
.126° 15' 30° 10' of the Rêvi. Arrian (Anab. lib. V, cc. xxi, mü) Indabara...............
........127° 15' 30° placed it to the east of the river, and this error
Liganeira ............. 125° 30' 29° on his part has led to a variety of erroneous identi.
Khonnamagara
..... 128° 29° 20 fications. Alexander, he tells us, after crossing
50. Modoura, the city of the Hydraôtês (Råvi) at once pressed forward to
the gods ........
........125°
27° 30 Sangala on learning that the Kathaians and other warlike tribes had occupied that stronghold for the
Gagasmira ..... ........ 126° 40 27° 30 purpose of opposing his advance to the Ganges.
Erarasa, a Metropolis .........123° 26° In reality, however, Alexander on this occasion Kognandana ...
....124° 26° had to deal with an enemy that threatened his rear, Boukephala :- Alexander, after the battle and not with an enemy in front. He was in con- on the western bank of the Hydaspes in which sequence compelled, instead of advancing eastward, he defeated Poros, ordered two cities to be built, to retrace his steps and recross the Hydraðtês. one Nikaia, so called in honour of his victory The error here made by Arrian was detected by (nikd), and the other Boukephala, so called in General Cunningham, who, with the help of data honour of his favourite horse, Boukephalos, that supplied by Hiuen-Teiang discovered the exact I died here either of old age and fatigue, or from
