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358
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
and Saint-Martin a little further still to the east at Bandar Vikkar on the Hajamari mouth, which has at several periods been the main channel of the river.
Xodrake and Sarbana or Sardana-As the towns in this list are given in their order from north to south, and as Astakapra, the most southern, was situated on the coast of the peninsula of Gujarat, right opposite the mouth of the river Narmada, the position of Xodraké and the other places in the list must be sought for in the neigh. bourhood of the Ran of Kachh. Xodrake and Sarbana have not been identified, but Yule doubtingly places the latter on the Sambhar Lake. Lassen takes Xodrake to be the capital of the Xudraka, and locates it in the corner of land between the Vitasta and Chandrabhaga (Ind. Alt. vol. III, p. 145).
Asinda, according to Saint-Martin, may perhaps be Sidhpur (Siddhapura), a town on the river Sarasvati, which rising in the Aravalis empties into the Gulf of Kachh (pp. 246-247).
Auxo amisor Axumis:-The same authority would identify this with Sûmi, a place of importance and seat of a Muḥammadan chief, lying a little to the east of the Sarasvati and distant about twenty-five miles from the sea. Yule however suggests that Ajmir may be its modern representation.
[NOVEMBER, 1884.
city of renown and ancient. 2. Pardwa or Priyadêva, an old village about four or five miles west of Hathap. It is said to have been contemporary with Valabhi, and there is an ancient Jain temple there, and it is said that the Jains of Gundigadh had their chief temple there. 3. Dêvagana, an ancient village at the foot of the west slopes of the Khokras about 18 miles from Hâthap to the westward."
Orba darov or Ordabari:-Yule doubtfully identifies this with Arbuda or Mount Abû, the principal summit of the Aråvalis. Pliny mentions alongside of the Horatae (in Gujarat) the O d. omboerae which may perhaps be a different form of the same word. The name Uḍumbara is one well-known in Sanskrit antiquity, and designated a royal race mentioned in the Harinansa.
Theophila: This is a Greek compound meaning dear to God,' and is no doubt a translation of some indigenous name. Lassen has suggested that of Sardhur, in its Sanskrit form Surådara, which means 'adoration of the gods.' Sardhur is situated in a valley of the Rêvata mountains so celebrated in the legends of Krishna. Yule suggests Dewaliya, a place on the isthmus, which connects the peninsula with the mainland; Dr. Burgess, Thân, the chief town of a district traditionally known as Deva-Pañchâl, lying a little further west than Dewaliya. Col. Watson writes:-"The only places I can think of for Theophila are-1. Gandi, the ancient Gundigadh, one and a half or two miles further up the Hathap river, of which city Hastakavapra was the port. This city was one of the halting-places of the Bhaunagar Brahmans ere they came to Gogha. It was no doubt by them considered dear to the gods. It was connected with Hastakavapra and was a
Astakapra: This is mentioned in the Periplús (sec. 41), as being near a promontory on the eastern side of the peninsula which directly confronted the mouth of the Narmada on the opposite side of the gulf. It has been satisfactorily identified with Hastakavapra, a name which occurs in a copper-plate grant of Dhruvasêna I, of Valabhi, and which is now represented by Hathab near Bhavnagar. Bühler thinks that the Greek form is not derived immediately from the Sanskrit, but from an intermediate old Prakrit word Hastakampra. (See Ind. Ant., vol. V, pp. 204, 314. 61. Along the river are these towns :Panasa ....122° 30' 29° Boudaia Naagramma Kamigara Binagara Parabali.
..121° 15'
28° 15'
..120°
27°
119°
26° 20'
25° 20'
24° 30'
21° 20'
22° 30' 21° 30'
*********
********.
Sydros Epitausa... Xoana........
..118°
..116° 30'
..114°
..113° 45' .........113° 30'
Panasa:-The table places Panasa one degree farther south than the confluence of the Zaradros and the Indus. Ptolemy, as we have seen, egregiously misplaced this confluence, and we cannot therefore from this indication learn more than that Panasa must have been situated lower down the Indus than Pasipêda (Besmaïd) and Alexandria of the Malli which lay near the confluence. A trace of its name Saint-Martin thinks is preserved in that of Osanpur, a town on the left of the river, 21 miles below Mittankôt.
Boudaia-According to Saint-Martin this is very probably the same place as a fort of Budhya or Bodhpur, mentioned in the Arab chronicles of the conquest of Upper Sindh and situated probably between Alôr and Mittankôt. Yule identifies it with Budhia, a place to the west of the Indus and south from the Bolan Pass.
Naagramma:-This Yule identifies with Naoshera, a place about 20 miles to the south of Besmaid. Both words mean the same, 'new town.'
Kamigara-The ruins of Aror which are visible at a distance of four miles to the south-east of Kori, are still known in the neighbourhood under
