________________
DECEMBER, 1884.) PTOLEMY'S GEOG. BK. VI, CH. 18.-THE PAROPANISADAI.
407
Babarsana or Kabarbana ...... 103° 20350 20 | is not possible to verify, but a number of small Kapoutana.......................104° 30' 35° 30' wwns, as Wilson points out, occur on the road from
7. Areia, & city...............105° 35° Meshd to Herat' and thence towards Qandahår or Kaskê..............
.. 107° 20' 35° 20'
Kabul, and some of these may be represented in
the Table under forms more or less altered. The Sôteira .............................108° 40 35° 30
capital of Areia,according to Strabo and Arrian, was Ortikand............................109° 20' 35° 30'
Artakoana (v. 11. Artakakna, Artakana) and this is Nisibis ...........................111° 35° 20'
no doubt the Artikaudna of Ptolemy, which he Parakanake
..105° 30' 34° 20'
places on the banks of the Areian lake about twoSariga ...........................106° 40' 34° 40'
thirds of a degree north-west of his Alexandreis of 8. Darkama .............. .111° 34° 20
the Areians. The identification of this Alexandreia Kotake ..................... ....1073
..107° 30' 33° 40' is uncertain; most probably it was Herat, or somo Tribazina ........................106° 33° place in its neighbourhood. Herat is called by Astasena ........................105° 39° oriental writers Hera, & form under which the Zimyra ...........................102° 30° 33° 15' Areia of the ancienta is readily to be recognized. Areia was a small province included in Ariana,
Ptolemy has a city of this name, and Wilson
(Ariana Antiqua, p. 152), is af opinion that " Arta. a district of wide extent, which comprehended nearly the whole of ancient Persia. The smaller
koana, Alexandria and Aria are aggregated in district has sometimes been confounded with the
Herat." With reference to Alexandria he quotes
& memorial verse current among the inhabitants larger, of which it formed a part. The names of both are connected with the well-known Indian
of Herat: "It is said that Hari was founded by word drya, 'noble' or 'exoellent' Acoording to
Lohrwap, extended by Gushtaep, improved by Strabo, Aria was 2,000 stadia in length and only
Bahman and completed by Alexander." The 300 stadia in breadth. "," says Wilson (Ariana
name of Sôteira indicates that its founder was Antiq., p. 150) “these measurements be correct,
Antiokhos Sôtêr. we must contract the limits of Aria much more
CAP. 18. than has been naually done; and Aria will be POSITION OF THE PABOPANIBADAL. restricted to the tract from about Meshd to the 1. The Paropa nisa dai are bounded on neighbourhood of Herat, a position well enough the west by Areia along the aforesaid side, on the reconcilable with much that Strabo relates of north by the part of Baktrisnd as described, on Aria, its similarity to Margiana in character and
the east by a part of India along the meridian
the produotions, its mountains and well-watered valleys
line prolonged from the sources of the river in which the vine flourished, its position as much to the north as to the south of the chain of Taurus
Oxos, through the Kaukasian mountains a far or Alburz, and its being bounded by Hyrkania,
as a terminating point which Margiana, and Baktriana on the north, and Dran- lies in ...........................119° 30° 39° giana on the south."
and on the south by Arakhỏsia along the line conMount BagÔ0s, on its south-east border, necting the extreme points already determined. has been identified with the Ghor mountains. 2. The following rivers enter the countryThe Montes Sariphi are the Hazaras. The river
the Dargamenes, which belongs to Bak. Areias, by which Aria is traversed, is the Hari
trianê, the position of the sources of which has Rad or river of Herat which, rising at Oba
been already stated; and the river which falls in the Paropanisan mountains, and having run westerly past Herat, is at no great distance
into the Kô ay of which the . lost in the sands. That it was so lost is stated
sources lie.............. .......115° 34' 30'. both by Strabo and Arrian. Ptolemy makes
3. The northern parts are possessed by the it terminate in & lake; and benoe, Rennell Bolitai, and the western by the Aristocarried it south into the Lake of Seistân, called phylai, and below them the Parsioi, and by Ptolemy the Areian lake. It receives the Ferrah- the southern parts by the Paray&tai, and Rad, stream which passes Ferrah or Farah,
the eastern by the Amba utai. a town which has been identified with much pro
4. The towns and villages of the Paro. bability with the Phra mentioned by Isidoros in
panis a dai are these his Mans. Parth., sec. 16. It receives also the
Parsiana...........................118° 30
118° 30 38° 45 Etymander(now the Helmand) which gave its name to one of the Areian tribes named by Ptolemy.
Barzaura ........................114° 37° 30 He has enumerated no fewer than 35 towns be.
Artoarta .............
.........116° 30 87° 30' longing to this small province, a long list which it Baborada ............
........118 .
87° 10
