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NOVEMBER, 1884.]
PTOLEMY'S GEOG. BK. VII, CH. 1, $ 53.
353
Kindia ............................137° 30° 20' Adisdara:-This has been satisfactorily idenSagala, and east of the river...139° 30° 20' tified with Ahichhatra, & city of great anti
quity, which figures in history so early as the 14th Aninakha ..... .............137° 2031° 40'
century B.C. At this time it was the capital of Koangka ........................138° 20' 31° 30
Northern Paschala. The form of the name in Anik hai (v. 11. Na nikhai, Manik hai):
Ptolemy by a slight alteration becomes Adisadra, This name cannot be traced to its source. The and this approximates closely to the original form. people it designated must have been a petty tribe, Another city so called belonged to Central India, as they had only 3 towns, and their territory and this appears in Ptolemy as Adeis athra, must have lain principally on the south bank uf which he places in the country of the Bettigoi. the Jamna. Their towns cannot be identified. The meaning of the name Ahi-chhattra is 'ser. The correct reading of their name is probably pent umbrella' and is explained by a local legend Manikhai, as there is a town on the Ganges in the concerning Adi-Raja and the serpent demon, district which they must have occupied called that while the Raja was asleep a serpent formed Manikpur. There is further a tribe belonging a canopy over him with its expanded hood. The to the Central Himâlaya region having a name fort is sometimes called Adikot, though the comslightly similar, Manga or Mangars, and the Ain-i. moner name is Ahi-chhatar, sometimes written Akbari mentions a tribe of Manneyeh which had Abikshetra. The place was visited by Hinenonce been powerful in the neighbourhood of Dehli Tsiang. In modern times it was first visited by (Étude, p. 322). The form Nanikha would suggest Captain Hodgson, who describes it as the ruins of a people named in the Mahabhdrata and the an ancient fortress several miles in circumference. Purdnas, the Naimishas who lived in the which appears to have had 84 bastions, and is region of the Jamnå.
known in the neighbourhood by the name of the Prasia kê.--This word transliterates the P&adu's Fort. It was visited afterwards by CunSanskrit Prdchyaka which means 'eastern' and ningham (Anc. Geog. of Ind., pp. 359363). denoted generally the country along the Ganges. Kanagora :-This, as Saint-Martin pointe It was the country of the Prasii, whose capital out, may be a corruption for Kanagoza, a form of was Palibothra, now Potna, and who in the Kanyakubja or Kanauj. This city of old retimes immediately subsequent to the Makedonian nown was situated on the banks of the Kalinadi, invasion had spread their empire from the mouths a branch of the Ganges, in the modern district of of the Ganges to the regions beyond the Indus. Farrukhabad. The name applies not only to the The Prasiakê of Ptolemy however was a territory city itself but also to its dependencies and to the of very limited dimensions, and of uncertain boun. surrounding district. The etymology (kanyd, 'a daries. Though seven of its towns are enumerated girl,' and kubja, 'round-shouldered' or 'crooked) Palibothra is not among them, but is mentioned refers to a legend concerning the hundred daughters afterwards as the capital of the Mandalai and of KusanAbha, the king of the city, who were all placed more than 3 degrees farther south than rendered crooked by VAyu for non-compliance the most southern of them all. Yule remarks upon with his licentious desires (see also Beal, Bud. this: "Where the tables detail cities that are in dhist Records, vol. I, p. 209). The ruins of the Praaiskê, cities among the Poruari, &c., we must ancient city are said to occupy a site larger than not assume that the cities named were really in that of London. The name recurs in another list the territories named; whilst we see as a sure of towns under the form Kanogiza, and is there fact in various instances that they were not.
far displaced. Thus the Mandalae, displaced as we have men- Kindia may be identified with Kant, an tioned, embrace Palibothra, which was notoriously ancient city of Rohilkhand, the Shahjahanpur of the city of the Pras'i; while Prasiakê is shoved the present day. Yule hesitates whether to identify upstream to make room for them. Lassen has it thus or with Mirzapur on the Ganges. 80 much faith in the uncorrected Ptolemy that Sagala :-"Sagala," says Saint-Martin (Étude, he accepts this, and finds some reason whyp. 326) "would carry us to a town of Sakula or Prasiakê is not the land of the Prasii but some- Saghóla, of which mention is made in the Bud. thing else.”
dhist Chronicles of Ceylon among the royal cities Sambalaka is Sambhal, already mentioned of the North of India, and which Turnour beas a town of Rohilkhand. Sambalaka or Sam. lieves to be the same town as Kusinagara, bhala is the name of several countries in India, celebrated as the place where Buddha SAkyamuni but there is only this one town of the name that obtained Nirudna. Such an identification would is met with in the Eastern parts. It is a very carry us to the eastern extremity of Kobala, not ancient town and on the same parallel as Dehli far from the River Gandaki.
