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OCTOBER, 1884.]
PTOLEMY'S GEOG. BK. VII, CH. 1, $ 7.
327
strange misconception on his part, for which it is the Mangalar of the present day. Whether the impossible to account) is therein represented as native traders took any precautions to protect the great south-west point of India, whence the their ships from these highwaymen of the ocean coast bends at once sharply to the east instead of is not known, but we learn from Pliny, that the pursuing its course continuously to the south. merchantmen which left the Egyptian ports
Hip pokou ra. This word may be a Greek heading for India carried troops on board welltranslation in whole or in part) of the native armed for their defence. Mr. Campbell has name of the place. Hence Pandit Bhagvanlal ingeniously suggested that by 'Ανδρών Πειρατών Indraji was led to identify it with Ghndabandar Ptolemy did not mean pirates, but the powerful (Horse-port) a town on the Thana Strait, whose dynasty of the Andhrabhsitya that ruled over position however is not in accordance with the Konkar and some other parts of the Dekhan. Ptolemy's data. Mr. Campbell again has sug- He says (Bombay Gazetteer, Thåna, Vol. II., gested an identification free from this objection. p. 415 n. 2nd), "Perhaps because of Pliny's Ghoregaon (Horse-village) in Kolába, a place at account of the Konkan pirates, Ptolemy's phrase the head of a navigable river, which was once a Aridké Andron Peiraton has been taken to mean seat of trade. 'Yule takes it, though doubtingly, Pirate Arifkê. But Ptolemy has no mention of as being now represented by Kudâ near Rajapur. pirates on the Konkan Coast, and, though this Hippokourios was one of the Greek epithets of does not carry much weight in the case of Poseidon. Ptolemy mentions another Hippo- Ptolemy, the phrase Andron Peiraton is not koura, which also belonged to Ariakê and was the correct Greek for pirates. This and the close Capital of Baleokouros. Its situation was inland. resemblance of the words suggest that Andron
Baltipatna:- This place is mentioned in the Peiraton may originally have been AndhraPeriplás under the somewhat altered form Palai- bhrityon." On this it may be remarked, that patmai. Yule locates it, but doubtingly, at though Ptolemy has no mention of pirates on Daibal. Fra Paolino identified it with Balaer. the Konkan Coast this is not in the least sur. patam (the Baleopatam of Rennell) where the prising, since his work is almost exclusively geo. king of Cananor resided, but it lies much too graphical, and whatever information on points of far south to make the identification probable history we obtain from it is more from inference Mr. Campbell has suggested Pali, which he de- than direct statement. Further, I do not see why scribes as "a very old holy town at the top of the expression ανδρών Πειρατών if taken to mean the Nagôtna river." Its position, however, being pirates should be called incorrect Greek, since too far north and too far from the sea, does not in later Attic it was quite a common usage to seem to suit the requirements.
join ávíp with titles, professions and the like, 7. (Ariak e) of the Pirates.
Mandagara:-This may be a transliteration, Mandagara .........................113° 14°
somewhat inexact, of Madangarh (House of Love)
the name of a fort about 12 miles inland from Byzanteion........................113° 40' 14° 40'
Bankąt. More likely the place is Mândia on the Khersonôsos .....................114° 20 14° 30
north bank of the Sautri river, opposite Bamkat, Armagara ........................114° 20 14° 20'
and now known as Kolmândia, and Bag and Mouth of the River Nanagounal14° 30' 13° 50'
Bågmândia. Mangalur, to which as far as the Nitra, a mart.....................115° 30 14° 40 name goes it might be referred, is too far south Piracy, which from very early times seems to
for the identification. have infested, like a pernicious parasite, the Byzanteion:--The close correspondence of commerce of the Eastern Seas, flourished nowhere this name with that of the famous capital on the 80 vigorously as on the Konkan Coast, along Bosporos has led to the surmise that a colony of which richly freighted merchantmen were con. Greeks had established themselves on this coast tinually plying. Here bands of pirates, formed for commercial purposes, notwithstanding the into regularly organized communities like those danger to be apprehended from attacks by the of the Thags in the interior of the country, had pirates in their neighbourhood. It appears how. established themselves in strongholds contiguous ever quite unlikely that Greeks should have to the creeks and bays, which were numerous onformed a settlement where few, if any, of the the coast, and which afforded secure harbourage advantages could be enjoyed which generally deto their cruisers. The part of the coast which termined their choice of a locality in which to plant was subject to their domination and which was a colony. The name may perhape be a transliterain consequence called the Pirate Coast, extended tion of Vijayanta, now Vijayadurga, the south from the neighbourhood of Simylla to an empo- entrance of the Våghotan river in Ratnagiri. rium called Nitra, the Mangaruth of Kosmas and The word means the Fort of Victory.
