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Studies in Jaimology, Prakerit
231
The first appears to be in Jaina Saurasem and could not be traced to any available source. The second and third are also in Jaina Saurasenī, the sonrces of which have been already noted by Dr.Upadhye." The second verse also appears in the Gommatasara, gahā 477,21 which, too, may be a quotation from Kundakunda's Dvadasānupreksa (gāhā 69) noted by Dr.Upadhye. Regarding the third verse, what Dr.Upadhye has observed is exactly correct: This verse cannot, on the grounds of chronology and imperfect identify, be from Vasunandi's Śrāvakacara. Further investigation on my part has carried the source of this verse to the point that it exactly agrees with that verse which has been quoted from some unknown ancient work, by Prabhācandra in his commentary on the Ratna Karandaka.22
Besides, the Cāvumdaraya Purāna contains several Prakrit words diffused all over the text. At this juncture, we have to remember the religio- historical background at which Prakrit words may have begun to enter Kannada through the early Jaina monks and teachers who had come forward to cultivate it so that they could use it, at first, for the propagation of their regligion. Prakrit words like dhamma, sagga, samana etc., may have straightway reached the ear of the laity through sermons or religio-social contects and, in course of time, settled on the popular tongue and, later, cnetered into literature too. Others may have entered the new language through the pen of Jaina teachers and enlightened lay-disciples like Cāmundarāya himself. Similar possibilities, along with the theory of the Prakritic influence on the Kannada vocabulary have been suggested, with instances, by Dr.Upadhye in his paper ‘Kannada words in Desi Lexicons and in the Mysore University Special Lectures, Series No.9, on Pali and Prakrit.A With these considerations in mind, the Prakrit words in the Cāvundarāya Purāņa may be classified under four categories: 25 (i) Prakrit words which are not listed as Tadbhavas by
Kesirāja (1260 A.D.), the Pāṇini of the Kannada
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