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Studies in Jaindlegy, Prakrit
Thus the nomenclature of this chapter by the author has a traditional garb of Apabhramsa (as deviations from Sanskrit), but practically, as he himself tells us, it treats of the so-called tadbhaves, words as derived or borrowed from Sanskrit.
Then we know, from Kesiraja's introductory verse No.3, that he aimed at writing the Śabdasastra (Science of Words); and, hence, he accommodated in this work a chapter on the socalled tadbhava words. He collected a large number of such words from literary works of eminent scholars prior to him and brought them under 47 sulras. Even a cursory survey of the sutras and the examples from literary usages following them, would reveal to us that some sūtras (like 258) contain rules of facts underlying the phonological changes in the borrowed worits. But many of them (like 283) do not contain any rule, but a mere list of such words. At times a single sūtra (like 281) contains a list of vocalic and consonantal changes of varied types and is followed by a number of examples, some of which hardly standing for the said change." Therefore, we are much more attracted by and feel to concern ourselves with the vast number of borrowed words collected by the author, rather than with the sutras proper. Such survey would also bring to one's mind the fact that Kesiraja has not strictly adḥered to his objective (of teaching the characteristics of words as derived from Sanskrit into Kannada) as declared by him in sutra 256 noted above. A close scrutiny of this chapter from this angle of view leads me to bring broadly the so-called tadbhava words listed in it under the following five headss of classes.
(I) Words which are in their Prakrit forms in toto and at the same time suit the Kannada phonological system and, hence, are generally further found in usage in later literature too?: Sanskrit Prakrit
Kannada pasa pasa
pasa sira sira
sira rasi rasi
rasi yogi jogi
jogi
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