________________
100
LIFE EN ANCIENT INDLA
Among other vessels we had plates (thāla), small plates (pai), cistern (thāsaga, tāså in Hindi), cups (mallaga), spoons (kaiviya), avaeja (täpikähasta, com.?), frying pans (avapakka), and bowls (karodzā, ka tori in Hindı). 160 Among cooking utensils mention is made of various pans or kettle-pans such as tavaya, (round iron plate), karallz (khapada in Hindi), kanduya (saucepan), etc.92 Candālaga (cylindrical cistern, kandāl in Hindi) is mentioned as a copper vessel 182
Iron was converted into steel and various tools and weapons, and coats of mail, already referred to, were prepared on a large scale Then knives (peppalaga), ncedles (sur ārya), nail-cutters (nakkhaccanı) and surgical boxes (satthakosa) were also 163 fashioned.
Smith shops (kammálasālā aggukamma) 164 are mentioned. There was one such shop in Vesālī 165 Smith's shops were also known as samara166 or äesa.157 Iron furnaces (ayakottha) are referred to which were filled with ore and a man handled it with tonigs (sandasī), then it was taken and put on the anvil (ahrkarani).168 Iron was malleted, cut, torn, filed and was moulded by black-smiths.160
Bronziers (ka msakāra) are included among the nine kārus. 170 Copper plates were often used for inscribing messages. 171
IVORY WORK Ivory work (dantavanija) was still another industry Money was awarded to pulindas, who killed elephants and brought tusks.17a People killed elephants for the sale of ivory.178 Images of ivory were known.174 Ivory workers are mentioned among important artisans (silpa-arya). 176 Work in bone, horn, conch-shell is mentioned Necklaces were made from the bones of monkey and were put round thc ncck of children. Necklaces from ivory and cowries were also common 170
POTTERY The potters (kumbhakāja) made various kinds of pots, jars, bowls and vessels. Saddālaputta is mentioned as a well-known potter of Polāsapura,
100 See marriage gifts mentioned in the Com on the Naya 101 Vilà. 3, p. 22, Bhag. 11. 9.
1, p. 42a
22, Bhag. 11.
9.
181 Süwa
183
187
168
188
Bih Bha. 1 2893f 184 Vya. Bha 10 484 166 Ava cū, P 292. 186 Utlara u 1. 26
Ac. II, 2. 303 Bhag 16 1
Uttara, Sü, 19 67. 170 Jambu 3, P 193a. 171 Ava Ti., (Han), P 173 Ava. cú II, P 296. 173 zbid. P 169. 174 Brh. Bha, 1. 2469. 175 Pannu. 1. 37. 178 Nisi. Ci., 7, p. 464.
683.
