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ARTS AND SCIENCES
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toxicology (jangola), demonology (bhūyavija), the science and art of restoring health in old age (rasăyana) and sexual rejuvenation (väjikarana or khāratanta).40
The physicians carried their bags of surgical instruments* (salthakosa) and gave various treatment according to the nature of the disease by treating the patient by methods such as rubbing with oil (abbhanga), rubbing with powder (uvvattana), oil drinks (sinehapāna), vomitting (vamana) purging, (vireyaņa), branding (atadduhana), medicated baths (avanhana), oil enema (anuvasaņā), head bath (balthukamma), purging by drugs (nırüha), opening veins (szrāveha), cutting (tacchana), scrapping (pacchana), bathing the head with oils (surobatthi), nourishing the body with oils (tappana), by means of ingredients roasted on fire by putapaka method, barks, roots, bulbs, leaves, flowers, fruits, secds, bitteis (silika), pills, drugs (osaha) and mixtures (bhesania).4%
We are told how a Jain monk, when suffering from sickness, should procure the services of a physician It is said that the physician was to be approached in an auspicious moment and his advice was to be carefully followed. Sometimes, the sick persons were taken to the physician's residence. Afler examining the case, the vardya made a diagnosis and suggested appropriate treatment and diet. If a vaidya was brought to the home of the patient he was provided with a hot bath and other comforts. He was to be fed on old rice and was provided with costly utcnsils. After the examination the physician was to be given his proper fces.15
There were state physicians as well It is said that once a physician did not treat thc queen of a certain king properly and so he was put to death! Another physician was addicted to gambling and he did not attend to his work His book on inedicine was stolen by robbers and his surgical instruments i usted When this was brought to the notice of the king, he stopped his salary
Hospitals (ligicchayasälā) are fieely mentioned The Näy.idhammakahā mentions that a hospital was built on hundred pillars where a number of physicians and surgeons were employed who treated various kinds of patients with various kinds of medicines and her bs. 46
The Acājānga mentions the following sixtecn diseases boils (ganli), leprosy (kuttha of eighteen kinds),47 consumption (1īya msi), epilepsy (avamärıya), blindness (kāniya), stiffness (himiya), lameness (kuniya),
40 Vivă 7 p. 41, also ct Susruta Samhito, ch 1. 8, p 4
The following instruments are mentioned angultsatthaya, strávehasatthaya, pacchana, kafe pana, lohakantıya, sandūsaa, anuvehasalāga, viimuha and sūtmuha (Nisi cu. ll, p 701.) 41 Vivā. 1, p. 8. * BTh Bhā 1. 1910-70, cf. for a simular description Susruta Samhita, ch. 29. st. 13 p. 175 ff. 44 Bth. Bhå pl. 376. 45 Vya. Bhū. 5 21. 40 13. p. 143. 47 For eighteen kinds of kugtha also sce Susruta Sanhua, Nidathasthånd, 3. 4-5, p. 342, Caraka, ch. 7, pp. 2069-73.
