________________
215
Vanimaga-They were greedy of food and begged alms by cxhibiting themselves to the devotees of Sakya etc 164 They put themselves in a pitiable state and in order to divert the attention of the donors spoke pleasing words, 165
RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS
Väribhadraka-They lived on water or moss and engaged themselves in bathing and washing their feet 16
Värikhala-They washed their pot with mud twelve times
Then various other classes of ascetics are mentioned is Some believed in abstention from acids, salt, garlic, onions, young camel's milk, beef and liquors as the path of perfection 189 Some lived in woods, huts, near the villages, practised secret 11tes and never abstained from killing living beings. They declared "I am not to be punished, tormented or deprived of life because I am a Brahmana, Südis only must be put to such tates because they are mean and low *170 Then there were you nuns such as cankā, pannāphī, kapalika ticiannikā bhāzeraï und the lit they moved in the county of Sindhu in luge numbers'
POPULAR DEITIES
III
Religion in its essence is based more on intuition and emotion than a rational attitude of mind It is with the help of religion that man tried to explain natural forces and phenomena of the universe by imagining the existence of ever present agencies which, he thought, controlled the cosmic system Thus came into being the workshop of various gods and goddesses and ancestral spirits which were supposed to be the controllers of the universe
The worship of various dentics in India is quite ancient 172 Jain texts mention the festivities (maha) in honour of (1) Inda, (2) Khanda, (3) Rudda, (4) Mukunda, (5) Swa, (6) Vesamana, (7) Naga, (8) Jakkha, (9) Bhuy, (10) Apa and (11) Kottakery 178 We shall deal with them one by one
104 Pinda Vir 444 f Tha T 5 154 al o cu 13 p 6 Da C1 I 19 108 Suya Nr 7 90 p 151
185
187 Brh Bha 1 1735
188
Bloomfield describes asc ucs who practised atrocities professo who were smitten by love, who wcze giredy gluonous, or otherwis VICIOs and who shained asceticis (7 405 Vol 44 pp 202-42)
169 Su 1 7 13 I and com
Mahal odhi Jataka
171 Brh Bha 47441
17 There we mnges of gods and goddesses in tle days of Pin which were used for the pup s of making a living (Gopinath Itement of Hindi Iconography, Introduction) 178 Naya 8, p 100, Bhas 3 í The Lalitaristara (p 120) mentions the images of Siva,
Shanda, Narayana, Kubera Candia Surva, Vaistavana, Sakra, Brahma and Lokapala.
170 Ibid, II 2 28 cf also ft alt Jata'a (II No 246) p 2021 (No 528) P 240
