Ganittilakam Savrtuttikam

Author(s): Hiralal R Kapadia
Publisher: Oriental Research Institute Vadodra

Page 24

INTRODUCTION
XXIII
definitely known at present being Jinabhadra Gaņi Kşamā. s'ramaņa." A list of words signifying different numbers is given in the appendix.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF NUMBERS As was the case with early Greeks, the Jaina school, too, does not consider one as a number. This will be evident from the following line of the 146th sūtra of Anuyogadvāra:--
“से किं तं गणणासंखा? एक्को गणणं न उवेइ, दुप्पभिइ संखा"3 While explaining this portion Maladhărin Hemacandra remarks as under:
When an object like a pot is seen, what one realises is only a pot and not its number; or, he adds, it may be due to the fact that in ordinary dealings only one thing, if given or taken, is mostly not taken into account. Thus the Jainas begin with two and end, of course, with the highest possible type of infinity. All these numbers can be grouped under 21 heads. These we shall deal with, a little bit later. For the present we shall mention 4 types referred to in the 316th sūtra of Sthānānga.
THE FOUR TYPES OF NUMBERS Even, in the time of the Vedas, we find the distinction made between odd and even numbers. These are styled as ojas (eitsten) and yugma (9) in Jainism. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that they are associated with kyta, dvāpara, tretā and kali, the well-known names for the four yugas of
That he uses contrary moves even while expressing numbers by resorting to Katapayādi system in its second variant is borne out by Gommatasära (Jivakāņda, v. 158) and Trilokasära (gäthā 98 ).
1 See Brhatkşetrasamāsa I. 69.
2 While representing various numerical quantities by certain things, S'rīpati has invariably followed the decimal system of notation. The words used by him are marked with an asterisk. 3 Sanskrit rendering:
अथ किं सा गणनासङ्ख्या? एको गणनां नोपैति, द्विप्रभृति सङ्ख्या। 4 In the following verse of Das'agitikä of Aryabhata I (499) varga means "odd" and avarga means "even":
"amentfot avisaraisaiarTOTETTU :
खद्विनवके स्वरा नवे वर्गेऽवर्गे नबान्त्यवर्गे वा ॥" In later works the words visama and sama stand for ffodid" and "ever".