Ganittilakam Savrtuttikam

Author(s): Hiralal R Kapadia
Publisher: Oriental Research Institute Vadodra

Page 56

INTRODUCTION
one method,' and that is practically the same as given by Āryabhata II who has followed S'ridhara.
This finishes a rough survey of the methods used for the 8 fundamental operations. So I shall now take a note of the various terms used in connection with each of these operations in different works on Mathematics in Sanskrit:
(I) Abhyā sa*, ekīkaraña, mis'rana, mīlana (p. 3), praksepana, sammelana, sammīlana (p. 3), samyojana (p. 15), sankalana, sankalita (p. 3), yoga (p. 3), yojana (p. 15), yojanā (p. 8), yukti and yuti (p. 3) stand for 'addition'.
I have not come across any special term used in Sanskrit, for 'addend' ('summand'), though it can be coined.
(II) Pātana (p. 4), s'odhana, vis'odhana (p. 4), viyoga viyojana (p. 4), vyavakalita (p. 4), vyutkalana and vyutkalita stand for 'subtraction'.
Pātya (p. 4), sarvadhana and viyojya have been used for 'minuend', viyojaka for 'subtrahend', and antara, avas'eşa (p. 4), avas'eşaka (p. 4) and s'eşa (p. 4) for ‘residue' or 'remainder'.
(III) Abhihati (p. 9), abhyāsa, āhati (p. 8), ghāta (p. 9), gunakāra (p. 4), gunana (p. 5), hanana, ksaya, parasparakyta, prahati (p. 11), samāhati (p. 8), santādana (p. 5) and vadha stand for 'multiplication'.
Gunanīya (p. 5), gunya (p. 4) and rūpa (p.5) have been used for 'multiplicand' ('multiplicator'), gunaka (p. 4), guna. kāra and sthāna (p. 5) for 'multiplier', and gunanaphala and pratyutpanna (p. 4) for 'product'.
(IV) Bhāgahāra (p. 6), bhājana, chedana and harana stand for 'division'.
Bhājya (p. 6) and hārya have been used for dividend', bhāgagļhānka (p. 6), bhāgahāra, bhājaka, hara (p. 6) and
1 The first step is to mark the places as ghana and aghana, o. g. the units place as ghana, the tens place as first aghana, the hundreds place as second aghana, the thousands place as ghana, the ten thousands place as first aghana, and so on.
2 S'ridhara has given more details than Brahmagupta. Cf. Datta and Singh, l. c., p. 177.
3 Most of these have been noted by Datta and Singh, l. c.
4 This is used both for addition and multiplication in the S'ulba works (800 B.C.).