Ganittilakam Savrtuttikam

Author(s): Hiralal R Kapadia
Publisher: Oriental Research Institute Vadodra

Page 59

LVIII
INTRODUCTION
connection, as implying two operations viz. the square-root of zero and the cube-root of zero. He states that the result. is zero in each case.
KALĀSAVARŅA It seems that owing to the lack of proper symbols required for indicating mathematical operations, the Indian Mathema. ticians have divided kalāsavarna into various classes known as jātis. For instance, Skandasena, S'rīpati and Bhāskara II have given four jātis, whereas Brahmagupta has given five, and S'rīdhara and Mahāvīrācārya each, six.
The four jātis above referred to are:(1) Bhāga' i. e. the form ( BEE...) (2) Prabhāga i. e. the form (6 of a of of ...)
(3) Bhāgānubandha or aṁsānubandha”. This is of two types:
(i) the form (a+je; and (ii) the form 6 + 057 of (++g)".
(4) Bhāgāpavāhas or bhāgāpavāhana. This is also of two types:
(i) the form (a-); ..and (ii) 6 - 0f Of C6 - of m).
1 This is translated as a 'simple fraction' by M. Rangācārya on p. 297 (Ganitasārasangraha). On this page we find bhāgabhāga, bhägānubandha and bhāgāpavāha translated as a complex fraction', 'fractions in association' and 'dissociatod fractions' respectively.
2 For a negative sign, a dot is usually placed to the right of the number and slightly over it. Cf. "Ta Furaha arrafarha"-Bījaganita (p. 2) of Bhāskara II. In a Bakhshālā Ms. recently acquired by Dr. Datta, the simple cross (+) is used for the same purpose. This is what he writes to me.
3 This is the term used by S'rīpati. See p. 34.
4 This form represents an association (anubandha) of an integer (rūpa) and a part i, o, to say a fraction (bhāga). So it is styled as rūpa-bhāgānubandha or bhāgănubandhasahitānika. See p. 35.
5 This form represents an association of bhāge of bhāga. So it goes by the name of bhāga-bhāgānubandha or bhāgānubandhabhāga. Soo p. 35.
6 Practically there is no difference between this and bhāgānusbandha except that herein there is subtraction or decrease, instead of addition or inorease as is the case with bhāgānubandha.