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APPENDIX II
TABLES OF MEASUREMENTS AS RECORDED IN GANITATILAKA I Kaparda-vyavahāra2
20 varāṭakas (kapardikās3)
4 kākinis 16 panas
=
6 yavas 8 nispāvas
2 dharanas
=
=
=
=
Jain Education International
II Suvarna-vyavahāra
=
I kakini
"
11
=
""
pana dramma (purāṇa® ).
I nispāvas dharana gadyanaka.
""
III Meya-vyavahāra
14 niṣpāvakas I dhaṭaka
10 dhaṭakas
pala.
22
IV Kanamăna-vyavahāra 4 pādikās
I mānaka
1 Weights and measures used in ancient times in India have been discussed by Durgashankar K. Shastri in his Gujarati article "égulani sei de eÀ 19" published in "The Report and essays of the sixth Gujarati Sahitya-parisad" (pp. 53-70) in 1923.
Some of the tables pertaining to weights and coins are given in "The coins and weights in ancient India" published in "The Indian Historical Quarterly" vol. VII, No. 4, pp. 689-702, December 1931.
2 Compare Lilavati v. 2. There we find as additional information the fact that 16 drammas = 1 niska.
3 See p. 39. On p. 71 we have the word kapardaka. The corresponding word in Gujarati is koḍī.
4 The corresponding word in Gujarātī is khānkhaņi (left). It is also known as boḍī.
5 Compare the Greek word drachme and the Gujarati dāma.
6 See p. 39.
7 In Prameyaratnamañjūṣā (p. 226a), the commentary on Jambudvipaprajñapti (sutra 54) we find the following remark:
“ चत्वारि मधुरतृणफलान्येकः श्वेतसर्षपः, षोडश श्वेतसर्षपा एकं धान्यमाषफलम्, द्वे धान्यमाषफले एका गुआ, पञ्च गुञ्जा एकः कर्मभाषकः, षोडश कर्ममाषकाः एक सुवर्ण इति एतादशैरष्टभिः सुवर्णैः काकिणीरलं निष्पद्यते "
8 Simhatilaka explains this as "suvarnavalla". Vide p. 2.
9 In Gujarati this is called gaḍiyāno.
10 Compare Lilavatī v. 3 where it is said: 2 yavas = 1 guñjā; and 3 guñjas = 1 valla.
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