Kundakundadeva Acharya

Author(s): Rajaram Jain, Vidyavati Jain
Publisher: Prachya Bharti Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010070/1

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prAcya bhAratIya jJAna - vijJAna ke mahAmeru AcArya kundakunda [prAcIna adhyAtma DaoNo DISC Sea Sethi Pust rAtatva kI jhaaya. Sa saMskRti eva jJAna-vijJAna ke bahuAyAmI sarvaprathama prayatna ] C 91 Jony JAIPUR 0 rAjArAma jaina AcArya eva adhyakSa, nAtakottara saMskRta - prAkRta vibhAga 0 dA0 jaina kaoNleja, ArA ( magadha vizvavidyAlaya) DaoN0 (zrImatI) vidyAvatI jaina hindI - vibhAga, FED ma0 ma0 mahilA kaoNleja, bhArA ( magadha vizvavidyAlaya ) mati Playa Date/ vA Colo prAcya bhAratI prakAzana 1989

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sarvodaya eva samanvaya ke puNya-pratIka, sarasvatI ke varada putra, ekAntamUka-sAdhako ke lie preraNA ke ajasra-srota, yugapradhAna, AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI mahArAja kI sevA me sAdara smrpit|

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prakAzakIya bhAratIya saMskRti ke nirmANa me tIrthaMkaro kA yogadAna avismaraNIya hai| pUrva-pASANayugIna RSabhadeva ne (suprasiddha purAtattvavettA eca0 DI0 sakaliyA ke anusAra) asi (rASTrarakSA), masi (lipi eva bhASA kA AviSkAra), kRSi, zilpa, sevA (cikitsA eva pIDita prANiyo ko yathocita sevA-zuzrUSA), eva vANijya kI sarvaprathama zikSA pradAna kii| tatpazcAt hamAre AcAryoM ne nirantara hI jJAna-vijJAna kI paramparA ko vikasita kara use Age bar3hAyA hai| RSabhadeva ne svastha eva samRddha samAja tathA rASTra-nirmANa ke lie vyakti kI saccaritratA ko pradhAna AdhAra batAyA, jisame indriya-damana eva AtmAnuzAsana para vizeSa bala dene ke kAraNa use jainadharma kI sajJA pradAna kI gaI / ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya eva aparigraha kI nIva para AdhArita hone aura prANimAtra kA kalyANamitra hone ke kAraNa jainadharma ko IsA kI dUsarI sadI me 'sarvodaya-dharma ke rUpa me bhI jAnA gayA, vartatAna sadI me jisase gAMdhI, neharU, vinovA, jayaprakAza Adi ne paryApta preraNAeM lii| kundakunda usI tIrthakara-paramparA ke mahAn santa-sAdhaka, jJAna-puJja eva mahimA-maNDita pUrva-paramparA ke savAhaka-AcArya mAne gae haiM / unakI yaha vizeSatA hai ki ve zramaNa-paramparA ke Adya-lekhaka bhI haiM / samakAlIna lokapriya jana-bhASA (zaurasenI prAkRta) me sarvaprANihitAya, sarvaprANisukhAya unhone apanI prauDha-lekhanI se aisA amUlya jJAna-sAgara pradAna kiyA ki vaha kabhI bhI kisI bhI yuga ke lie nita navIna preraNAe~ tathA nirvyAja sukha eva zAnti pradAna karatA rhegaa| ___ adhyAtma, AcAra, darzana, saskRti eva bhASA-vijJAna ke kSetra me to kundakunda kA adbhuta anudAna hai hI, bhautika jagat ke lie bhI unhoMne

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( ) AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki yugo-yugo se likhita saskRta eva prAkRta ke jaina-sAhitya me vaNita 'dravya-vyavasthA' vAle azo kA eka sAtha sakalana ho tathA unakA vizva kI pramukha bhASAo me anuvAda karAkara vizva-prasiddha vaijJAniko ko bheMTasvarUpa bhejA jAya, jisase vaijJAnika-gaNa apane anveSaNo ke krama me isa sAmagrI kA bhI sadupayoga kara skeN| hama cAro vahina-bhAI aise mAtA-pitA kI santAne haiM, jinhe apane bacapana meM hI sAhitya evaM zramaNa-saskRti kA pUrNa vAtAvaraNa milA hai| unake vizAla granthAgAra ke bIca baiThakara bhale hI hama saskRta eva hindI sAhitya tathA darzana-zAstra ke adhyeyatA na bana sake ho, phira bhI usake bIca baiThakara paDhe-likhe, laDe-jhagaDe eva khele-kUde haiN| jJAna-pipAsu bhI baneM / usI ke madhya hama loga savedanazIla bhI bana sake / jJAna-pipAsu ke isI saskAra ke sAtha hama logo ne phijiksa, gaNita, kampyUTara-vijJAna kI antima parIkSAo me sarvoccatA bhI prApta kI aura aba bhale hI vijJAna-viSaya hone ke nAte hamArA rAstA zramaNa saskRti ke adhyayana se pRthak ho gayA, phira bhI hamAre mAtA-pitA dvArA pradatta zramaNa-saskAra hamAre karmakSetra ke lie nirantara pAtheya bane rahe aura dillI ke cakacauMdhayA dene vAle vilAsitApUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM bhI una saskAro ne hame idhara udhara na bhaTakAkara zramaNasaskRti ke gaurava se nirantara joDe rkhaa| vizvavikhyAta vaijJAnika pro0 DaoN0 DS Kothari, Adi ke jaina-- vijJAna sambandhI nibandho tathA paramapUjya AcArya vidyAnanda jI, AcArya tulasIgaNi eva nagarAja jI ke samaya-samaya para dillI me hue bhASaNo se bhI hama logo ko baDI preraNAe~ milatI rahI haiM ata hamArI icchA thI ki usa dizA me hama loga bhI kucha kArya kreN| kintu apanI adhyayana eva zodha sambandhI aneka vyastatAo ke calate tathA prAcya-vidyA kA vyavasthita jJAna nahI hone se hama loga kucha nahI kara sake, isakA hArdika kheda rhegaa| kintu bhaviSya me hama loga kucha Thosa kArya kara sakeM, aisI dRDha icchA hai| isI bIca, isa sadI ke gaurava-zikhara adhyAtma-yogI pUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI kA eka sandeza hame paDhane ko milA, jisame unhoMne

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(vi) 1988-89 ko AcArya kundakunda kI dvisahasrAbdi-samAroha-varpa ke rUpa me manAne kI preraNA dii| sAtha hI, 16 akTUbara 1988 ko dillI ke phikkI sabhAgAra meM samAja ke agraNI netA AdaraNIya sAhU zreyAsaprasAda jI, sAhU azoka kumAra jI, sAhU ramezacandra jI, zrI ramezacandra jI (PSJ), zrI akSaya kumAra jI, zrI ratanalAla jI gagavAla, zrI bAbUlAla jI pATodI, satIza jI prabhRti ne samAja ko dizAdAna dene hetu kundakunda dvisahasrAbdi-samorAha varSa ke udghATana kA virATa Ayojana kiyA, jisame uparASTrapati mAnanIya DaoN0 zakaradayAla zarmA eva anya gaNyamAna vidvAno ke vicArottejaka bhASaNa hue / una vicAro ne hame atyadhika prabhArvita kiyaa| nirapekSavRtti se sAhitya-sAdhanA me salagna apane mammI-pApA se hama logo ne nivedana kiyA ki kundakunda para ve eka aisI pustikA likha deM, jisame kundakunda ke bahumukhI vyaktitva kI jhAMkI ho tathA jo isa bhrama ko dUra kara make ki 'kundakunda janetaro ke lie nahI, ve to kevala jainiyo ke hI AcArya haiM tathA unakA sAhitya kevala jaina-mandiro me hI rakhane yogya hai|' hamArI dRSTi me to kundakunda sabhI ke kalyANamitra haiN| ve prANImAtra ke paramahitapI haiN| ve rASTrIya hI nahI, balki antarrASTrIya stara ke mahAn vicAraka, dArzanika, santa, yogI-sAdhaka, lekhaka eva patha-pradarzaka hai / unhe jAti eva sampradAya ke ghere me vanda rakhanA, unake tejasvI vyaktitva kI avamAnanA hogii| isa pustaka kA lekhana bhI ukta vicAro ke Aloka meM hI kiyA gayA hai| bahuta sambhava hai ki vidvajjano ke lie yaha pustaka sAmAnya lage, kintu sAmAnya-janatA ke lie yaha pustaka upayogI siddha hogI, aimA hamArA parama vizvAsa hai| yaha hArdika prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki hamAre adhyayana-kAla me san 1980-81 se hamAre mammI-pApA ne jo mAsika vRttiyAM hamAre lie bAMdha rakhI thI, usame se kramaza bacata kI rAzi se isa pustikA kA prakAzana ho rahA hai| ___ ArA jaisI sAdhana vihIna bhUmi me, jahAM vijalI eva pAnI kI nirantara asthiratA banI rahatI hai, vahAM momabattI ke prakAza meM isa pustaka kA

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Atma-nivedana bacapana me apane putra-putriyo kI zarArato se bharI totalI vANI tathA bAlyakAlocita lIlAeM hamArI sAhityika yAtrA me raga-biraMge, hare-bhare upavano kI sI tAjagI pradAna karatI rahI haiN| maulika cintanazIlatA, sAdhanahIno ke prati dayAlutA tathA zramaNa-saskRti ke prati sahaja zraddhAbhakti ke saskAra aura pArivArika Arthika vipannatA ke prati sahaja savedanazIlatA kI bhAvanA bhI uname prArambha se hI bnii| unake susaskAro tathA niyamita adhyayana eva kaThora parizrama, svatantra-cintana tathA jJAna-pipAsA kI zAnti hetu unakA apanA adhyavasAya eva pragati kI adamya lAlasA ne hame vividha vipannatAo ke bIca bhI thakAna kA anubhava nahIM hone diyaa| unhe dillI eva ilAhAvAda jaise mahaMge zaharo me uccazikSA dilAne kA dussAhasa hamane kiyaa| lagabhaga ATha-nau varSoM taka unake adhyayana kI vyavasthA kina-kina kaThinAiyo ke bIca kI gaI isake aneka rocaka eva preraka sasmaraNa haiN| kintu unakA utanA mahattva nahI, jitanA isakA ki unhone hamase chipAkara apanI mAsika pattiyo me se kaTautI kI aura use usI adRzya satkArya me sadupayoga karane kA sakalpa kiyaa| prastuta laghu pustikA kA prakAzana usI kA supariNAma hai| jaina-parivAro ke unnanISu chAtro ke lie yadi isa udAharaNa se kucha preraNA mila sake, to usase samAja eva sAhitya kA kAphI kAma ho sakatA hai| apane bacco ke anurodho ko hamane kabhI TAlA nhii| usI krama me kundakunda para eka laghu-pustikA likhane sambandhI unake anurodha ko bhI hamane TAlA nahI aura hama logo ne alpakAla me bhI, jo jitanA sambhava thA, use likhakara eka ora apane bacco kA manovala bhI baDhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai, to dUsarI ora bhAratIya saMskRti-sAgara ke manthana ke lie

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mandarAcala, jJAna-vijJAna ke mahAmeru, zramaNa-saskRti ke merudaNDa, yugapradhAna AcArya kundakunda ke prati dvisahasrAbdi-samAroha ke krama me unake caraNo me apane zraddhA-sumana bhI arpita karane kA prayala kiyA hai| prastuta racanA ke lekhana-prasaga me hama logo ne jina khyAtiprApta vidvAno dvArA sampAdita kundakundAcArya ke vividhi grantho kI sahAyatA lI hai, unake prati hama sAdara AbhAra vyakta karate haiN| ____ yadi hamAre isa laghu prayatla se jana sAmAnya ko kucha bhI lAbha huA, to vahI hamAre zrama kA bahumUlya puraskAra hogaa| -lekhaka dvayaH mahAjana TolI na02 ArA (bihAra) 18-7-89

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vArasa aNuvekkhA bhattisagaho rayaNasAra kundakunda sAhitya kA kAvya-sauSThava kundakunda kI bhASA /29 prAkRta ke tIna pramukha stara eva jaina zaurasenI prAkRta /29 kundakunda kI bhASA kI kucha pramukha pravRttiyA~ / 30 alakAra-prayoga | 32 rahasyavAda kI jhAkI / 35 kUTapada-prayoga / 35 chanda-yojanA /36 rASTrIya bhAvAtmaka ekatA evaM akhaNDatA ke kSetra me AcArya kandakunda samakAlIna jana-bhASA kA prayoga / 40 sarvodayI saskRti kA pracAra /41 rASTrIya bhAvAtmaka ekatA eva akhaNDatA ke lie prayatna / 43 braja-bhASA kI akhaNDa samRddhi ke lie kundakunda sAhitya kA adhyayana atyAvazyaka / 43 5 kundakunda sAhitya kA sAskRtika mUlyAkana samakAlIna bhAratIya-bhUgola eva prAcIna jaina tIrthabhUmiyAM /46 kundakunda eva kAlidAsa | 47 rAjanIti sambandhI sandarbha /48 kundakunda-sAhitya me samrATa samprati, khAravela, zu ga eva zaka rAjAo ke kAryakalApo kI jhAkI / 48 kundakunda-sAhitya me rAjatantrIya praNAlI kI jhalaka/50 saptAga rAjya SaDaga bala caturagiNI senA dhanurvidyA

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vastra -prakAra / 52 zikSA / 52 vividha dArzanika mata / 53 dukha-prakAra / 54 zArIrika roga eva auSadhiyAM / 54 vyAyAma / 54 khAdya eva peya padArtha / 54 udyoga dhandhe / 55 manorajana ke sAdhana / 56 kundakunda sAhitya me kathAvIjo ke srota / 56 sadAcaraNa kA Adeza / 57 corI, DakaitI eva daNDa-vyavasthA / 57 6 AcArya kundakunda Adhunika bhautika vijJAna ke AIne me jainAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita dravya vyavasthA eva usakA vaiziSTya / 59 dravya (Substance) paribhASA / 59 bhrama nivAraNa / 60 dravya aura Adhunika vijJAna / 60 jIva-dravya ( Soul-substance) aura Adhunika vijJAna - prAcIna eva navIna prayogazAlAoM me / 61 jIvAtma- vicAra ke kSetra me jainAcArya Adhunika vijJAna se bahuta Age / 61 kaikeya- nareza rAjA pradezI eva zramaNakumAra kezI kA aitihAsika AkhyAna / 62 jIva dravya kI saphala khoja ke lie Adhunika vaijJAniko ko jaina- darzana kA adhyayana Avazyaka / 67 kucha jaina - vaijJAniko ke sarAhanIya kArya / 67

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sannandisaMghasuravartmadivAkaro'bhUcchokundakunda itinAma munIzvaro'sau / jIyAt sa vai vihitazAstrasudhArasena, mithyAbhujaMgagaralaM jagata praNaSTam // -dharmasagraha zrAvakAcAra (medhAvI) vandyo vibhuvi na kairiha koNDakunda , kundaprabhApraNayikIttivibhUSitAza / yazcArucAraNakarAmbujacaJcarIkazcakre zrutasya bharate prayata pratiSThAm / / -zravaNabelagola zilAlekha sa0 54/67

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1. yuga-pradhAna AcArya kundakunda Adya sArasvatAcArya prAcIna zramaNa-paramparA ke vikAsa me AcArya kundakunda kA nAma ahaniza smaraNIya tathA sArasvatAcAryoM meM pradhAna mAnA gayA hai| unakA mahattva isame nahI ki ve mantra-tantravAdI the aura camatkAro ke bala para ve bhautika sukho ko pradAna karA sakate the / isame bhI unakA mahattva nahIM ki ve zastrAstro athavA kisI sazakta rAjanIti eva parAkrama ke bala para apanI yA apane anuyAyiyo kI bhautika mahattvAkAkSAo ko pUrA kara sakate the| isame bhI unakA mahattva nahIM ki unhoMne AkAza-gamana se pUrva-videha kI yAtrA kara sabhI ko camatkRta kiyA thaa| unakA vAstavika mahattva to isameM hai ki jaDa-bhautika sukho ko kSaNika eva heya samajhakara unhoMne apanI uddAmayauvana se tapta kacana-kAyA kA prakhara tapasyA me bharapUra upayoga kiyA aura apanI cittavRtti ko kendrita kara Atmazakti kA sacaya kiyA tathA parapIDA kA anubhava kara unake bhavatApa ko miTAne kA athaka prayatna kiyaa| __ unhone apanI adhyAtma-yoga-zakti ke usa avirala srota ko pravAhita kiyA, jo zAzvata-sukha kA janaka hai aura jisane adhyAtma ke kSetra meM apanI maulika pahicAna banAI / yahI kAraNa hai ki tIrthakara mahAvIra eva unake pradhAna gaNadhara gautamasvAmI ke bAda, Atma-vijJAna, karmavijJAna eva adhyAtma-vidyA ke kSetra me ve eka amiTa zilAlekha ke rUpa me pRthvI-maNDala para avatarita hue| zramaNa-saskRti ke itihAsa me ve yugapravartaka, yugapradhAna tathA Adya sArasvatAcArya ke rUpa me prasiddha hai|

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10/AcArya kundakunda vismRti ke ghere me paropakArI mahApuruSa, vizeSatayA AdhyAtmika santa, lokakhyAti se prAya dUra hI rahate Ae haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake viziSTa kAryoM ko to sabhI jAnate haiM kintu unake sarvAgINa jIvana-vRtta ko jAnane ke sAdhana ajJAta-jaise hI raha jAte haiM / isa zreNI me kevala kundakunda hI nahI, guNadhara, dharasena, nAgahasti, uccAraNAcArya, vaTTakera, zivArya, kArtikeya, umAsvAti, samantabhadra prabhRti zreSTha vicArako ke nAma bhI ginAe jA sakate haiN| yahI kyo, maharSi vAlmIki, vyAsa, bhAsa, zUdraka, kAlidAsa, kabIra, sUra, jAyamI Adi kI bhI vahI sthiti hai| hama ina sabhI ke nirvivAda prAmANika jIvanavRtto se dIrghakAla taka prAya anabhijJa hI rahe aura sambhavata Age bhI anabhijJa hI raha jAte, kintu dhanyavAda hai zodha-khoja kI usa Adhunika vaijJAnika paddhati ko tathA una zodhArthI tapasvI mahAmanIpiyo ko, jinhoMne prakArAntara se kundakunda jaise yugapradhAna mahApuruSo ke jIvana-vRtto kI jAnakArI ke upAya bhI khoja nikAle / aise vaijJAnika upAyo ke mUlAdhAra prAyaH nimna prakAra rahe haiM 1 zilAlekho, paTTAvaliyo tathA tAmra-patro me upalabdha sAkSya, 2 AcAryoM ke sAhitya me samakAlIna vividha paristhitiyo samvandhI sandarbha, 3 paravartI sAhitya me upalabdha tadviSayaka sandarbha, eva 4 TIkAkAro dvArA akita sUcanAeM eva pusspikaaeN| kundakunda sAhitya kA sarvaprathama prakAzana AcArya kundakunda kA yadyapi vizAla sAhitya upalabdha hai, kintu usame unhoMne apanA kimI bhI prakAra kA paricaya nahI diyA / dIrghakAla taka svAdhyAyapremI unakI 'samayasAra' jaisI rasasikta racanAo ke amRta-kuDa me DUbakara unakA paricaya prApta karane ke lie atyanta vyagra rhe| yaha sthiti san 1900 I0 ke AsapAsa taka rhii| usa samaya taka kundakunda kA sampUrNa sAhitya prakAzita nahIM huA thaa| unake upalabdha hastalikhita granyo kA hI svAdhyAya kiyA jAtA thaa| yuga kI totra mAMga ko dekhakara-tathA

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AcArya kundakunda / 11 kundakunda - sAhitya me adhyAtma eva kAvya kA sauSThava dekhakara bambaI ke pravAsI (devarI sAgara nivAsI) zrI pa0 nAthUrAma premI ne unake sAhitya ke prakAzana kI sarvaprathama yojanA banAI tathA vividha srono se unake jIvana- vRtta ko taiyAra kiyA / - kundakunda ke kAla kI avizrAnta khoja tatpazcAt pa0 jugala kizora mukhtAra, DaoN0 ke0 vI0 pAThaka, yoropIya vidvAn DaoN0 hArnale, pro0 e0 cakravartI, pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, eva DaoN0 - hIrAlAla jaina ne kundakunda ke samaya para gambhIra khojeM kii| ina vidvAno ne kundakunda ke sAhitya ke sAtha-sAtha guNadharAcArya ke gAthA-sUtro, yativRSabha ke cUrNi sUtro eva uccAraNAcArya ke uccAraNa- sUtro tathA AcArya dharamena kI paramparA me hue AcArya puSpadanta bhUtavali ke SaTkhaNDAgama kA pAradarzI adhyayana to kiyA hI, anya aitihAsika sAhitya, jisame indranandi tathA vibudha zrIdhara ke zrutAvatAra, pallava, gaga eva rASTrakUTa narezo ke vividha zilAlekho, tAmrapatro, gurvAvaliyo, paTTAvaliyo tathA paravartI AcAryoM aura TIkAkAro dvArA ullikhita sandarbhoM eva puSpikAoM Adi kA tulanAtmaka gahana adhyayana eva vizleSaNa bhI kiyA aura vividha UhApoho -ke vAda unakA kAla IsA pUrva prathama sadI se IsA kI tIsarI sadI ke madhya nirdhArita kiyA / kintu kAla-nirNaya kI yaha sthiti santoSajanaka siddha nahI huii| kyoki kundakunda jaise mahApuruSo kI kAlAvadhi nizcita na ho, athavA unakI kAlAvadhi ko tIna sau cAra sau varSo ke madhya vatAyA jAe, yaha sthiti hAsyAspada eva dayanIya jaisI hI thI / isakA mukhya kAraNa dhA, paraspara meM virodhI - sAkSyo kI prApti / jaise--- 1 AcArya kundakunda ke ullekhAnusAra ve zrutakevalI bhadravAhu ke zipya the / (bhadrabAhu kA samaya I0 pU0 390 se I0 pU0 361 ke lagabhaga mAnA gayA hai) / 1. saddaviyAro huo bhAsAsuttesu ja jiNa kahiya / so taha kahiya NAya sIseNa ya bhaddavAhussA | vodhapAhuDa- 61

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AcArya kundakunda / 13 me apanA nAma kundakunda batalAyA hai / kintu kundakunda kRta pAhuDa-sAhitya ke TIkAkAra zrutasAgara sUri ( 15vI sadI) ne apanI TIkA kI puSpikAo mai unake 5 nAma batalAe hai| uma ullekha se vidita honA hai ki AcArya kundakunda ke anya nAma padmanandi, vakragrIva, enAcArya eva gRddhapiccha bha the| zrutasAgara ke ullekha kA samarthana vijayanagara ke zaka sa0 1307 ( man 1229 I0) ke eka zilAlekha se bhI hotA hai / yaha Azcarya kA viSaya haiM ki zrutasAgarasUri ko chor3akara kundakunda ke -anya TIkAkAro ne unake kundakunda athavA padmanandi nAma to bAlAe haiM kintu anya nAmo kI koI carcA nahI kI / AcArya jayamena ne unheM 'padmanandi' isa nAma se smaraNa karate hue likhA hai ki "jinhone apane buddhirUpI sira se mahAn tattvo se bhare hue prastuta 'samayaprAbhRna' (samayamAra ) rUpI parvata ko uThAkara bhavya jIvo ko samarpita kara diyA, ve maharSi padmanandi (sadA ) jayavanta rahe / "" indranandi ne bhI apane zrunAvatAra me unheM kauNDakundapura kA padmanandi 1 idi NicvavahAraja bhaNiya kundakunda muNiNA he / jo bhAva suddhamaNo so pAvai paramaNivvANa | gAthA 91 // 2 zrImatpadmanandikundakundAcArya vakra prIvA cAya~lAcArya gRDha picchAcArya - nAma pacakavirAjitena (zrunamAgara kuna padmAbhRna TIkA kI puSpikAyeM, vArANamI 1918 I0 ) 3 AcArya kundakundAkhyo vakragrIvo mahAmuni / elAcAryo gRddhapiccha iti tannAma pacadhA // * jayau risapaumaNadI jeNa mahAtacca pAhuNasselo / buddhi sireNuddha riyo mamappiyo bhavvaloyassa // ( samayaprAbhRta- sanAtana jaina granthamAlA, pR0 212) 15

Page #18
16/ AcArya kundakunda nivAsa-sthala AcArya kundakunda Andhra pradeza ke nivAsI the-janma-sthAna sambandhI pUrvokta kathA rocaka hai, isame sandeha nhii| kintu zodha-vidvAno ne use adhika mahattva nahI diyA, kyoki vividha pramANo ke AdhAra para unakA vizvAsa hai ki kundakunda dakSiNa-bhArata ke nivAmI the, uttara bhArata ke nahI / javaki ukta kathA pUrNatayA uttara-bhArata se hI sambandha rakhatI hai / ___zravaNabelagola ke aneka zilAlekho tathA anya sAkSyo ke AdhAra para kundakunda dakSiNa bhArata ke siddha hote haiM / ina sAkSyo ke anusAra unakA janma-sthala koNDakundapura thA, jisakA aparanAma kurumaraI thaa| yaha sthAna Andhra pradeza ke pedathanADu jile meM par3atA hai| unake pitA kA nAma karmaNDu eva mAtA kA nAma zrImatI thaa| unhe jaba dIrghakAla taka mantati kI prApti nahI huI, tava unhoMne eka tapasvI ko kucha dAna diyA, jisake phalasvatpa unhe eka svastha eva sundara putraratna kI prApti huI / janmasthala ke nAma para usakA nAma koNDakunda athavA kundakunda rakhA gyaa| kundakunda vacapana me hI prakhara-pratibhA mampanna the| unhone yuvAvasthA me dIkSA dhAraNa kI aura zIghra hI AcArya pada prApta kiyaa| camatkAra sambandhI ullekha mahApuruSo kA caritra itanA nizchala eva unakI cittavRtti itanI ekAgra tathA zAnta hotI hai ki jagat ke prANI hI nahIM, balki svarga ke vikriyARddhidhArI deva bhI unakI ora AkarSita rahate haiM aura unakI sevA ke avamara khojate rahate hai / mahApuruSo ko sambhavata ina mahaja laukika AkarSaNo kA bhAna bhI nahI rahatA kintu bhaktagaNa inakI carcAeM vividha mAdhyamo se karate rahe haiN| ____1 de0 epigrAphiyA karnATikA, khaNDa 5 tathA paJcAstikAyasAra, bhUmikA pR0 5 (pro0 e0 cakravartI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, saskaraNa1975 I0)

Page #19
AcArya kundakunda /17 AcArya kundakunda ne apane sAhitya me jaba Atma-paricaya hI prastuta nahIM kiyA, tava unakI kisI camatkArI ghaTanA ke ullekha kA prazna hI nahI uThatA, kintu unake paravartI kucha lekhako ne unake ullekha kie haiN| unake anusAra____ AcArya kundakunda ne apanI kacana-sI kAyA ko ekAgracittapUrvaka durgama aTaviyo, zUnya-guphAgRho, saghana-vano, tarukoTaro, girizikharo, parvatakandarAo tathA zmazAna-bhUmiyo me rahate hue kaThora tapasyA me lagA diyaa| 'phalasvarUpa unhe cAraNa-Rddhi kI prApti ho gaI aura usake prabhAva meM ve pRthvI se cAra agula-pramANa Upara annarikSa me calane lge| kintu unhone isa Rddhi me kisI bhI prakAra kI apanI bhautika mahattvAkAkSA ko pUrNa nahI kiyaa| jJAna-pipAsA ko tRpti hetu pUrva-videha kI yAtrA eka bAra kI ghaTanA hai ki ve svAdhyAya kara rahe the, tabhI jinAgamo ke kucha tathya unheM aspaSTa raha gaye aura unake samAdhAna ke lie unhoMne sImandhara svAmI kA smaraNa kiyaa| sImandhara svAmI usa samaya pUrva-videha-kSetra kI puNDarIkiNI nagarI me apane samavasaraNa meM virAjamAna the| unake jJAna me AcArya kundakunda kI samasyA jhalaka uThI aura usI samaya unakI divyadhvani me 'saddharmavRddhirastu' yaha vAkya niklaa| ise sunakara kisI ne sImandhara svAmI se yaha prazna kiyA ki "Apane yaha AzIrvAda kisake lie diyA hai ?" taba unhe uttara milA ki-"maratakSetra me muni kundakunda ke mana me kucha zakAeM utpanna ho rahI haiM / unhone mujhe namaskAra kiyA hai / ata. unhI ke lie hamArA yaha AzIrvAda gayA hai|" 1 paJcAstikAya kI jayasenakRta TIkA kA prArambha tathA devasenakRta drshnsaar| 2 jaina hitaiSI 10/6-7/383-85

Page #20
AcArya kundakunda / 19 antargata the / yaha tIrthakara mahAvIra kA kSetra thA / isa kAraNa dIrghakAla taka yaha jaina- kendra bhI banA rahA / mithilA bhI tIrthakaro kI janmabhUmi thI / mauryavaMza ke antima samrAT samprati ne jainadharma kA sarvatra pracAra kiyA / bahuta sambhava hai ki kundakunda ne dakSiNa bhArata se calakara usI videha kSetra ke pramukha jaina - kendra puNDarIkiNI nagarI me kinhI bhAcArya sImandhara svAmI ke darzana kie ho / hamArI dRSTi se ukta puNDarIkiNI nagarI (jo kamalapuSpa-vAcI hai) vartamAna paTanA kA paDaraka nAma kA nagara ho sakatA hai, jo Aja bhI apane kamalapuSpo tathA usake kamalagaTTe eva makhAno ke lie prasiddha hai| sthiti jo bhI rahI ho, isa viSaya para punarvicAra kI AvazyakatA hai| kundakunda aparanAma padmanandi kI giranAra yAtrA kundakunda ke jIvana kI eka dUsarI cAmatkArika ghaTanA kA bhI ullekha hai / usake anusAra ve jaba vihAra karate hue giranAra parvata para pahu~ce taba vahA~ digambaro eva dhvetAmbarI kA melA lagA huA thaa| usI samaya dono sampradAyo me apane apane mata ko prAcIna siddha karane hetu zAstrArtha ho gayA / usa samaya kundakunda ne apanI tapasyA ke prabhAva se parvata para sthApita pApANI brAhmI devI ko mukhara banA diyA thA tathA usake mukha se digambara sampradAya ko prAcIna ghoSita karA diyA thaa| isa ghaTanA kA samarthana AcArya zubhacandra ne bhI apane 'pANDavapurANa' me kiyA hai / pa0 nAthUrAma premI ne isa ghaTanA kI sambhAvanA ko to svIkAra kiyA hai kintu unake mata se isakA samvandha padmanandi apara nAma kundakunda me nahI, valki isa ghaTanA ke samakkSa kisI anya ghaTanA kA sambandha 12vI sadI ke kisI anya padmanandi ke sAtha honA cAhie / 1 jaina hitaiSI 10/6-7

Page #21
2 kundakunda sAhitya vargIkaraNa AcArya kundakunda ke jJAta sAhitya ko tIna zreNiyo me vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai 1 nirvivAdAtmaka upalabdha eva prakAzita sAhitya, jisake antargata nimnalikhita grantha Ate haiM (1) pacatthikAyasagaho (paJcAstikAyasagraha) (2) pavayaNasAra ( pravacanasAra ) (3) samayasAra athavA samayapAhuDa (4) NiyamasAro ( niyamasAra ) (5) aTThapAhuDa (aSTaprAbhRta) (6) vArasa - aNuvekkhA ( dvAdaza- anuprekSA ), eva (7) dazabhaktyAdi sagraha 2 vivAdAtmaka upalabdha eva prakAzita sAhitya, jisake antargata nimnalikhita grantha Ate haiM (1) rayaNasAro (2) mUlAcAra, eva (3) kuralakAvya 3 vivAdAtmaka eva anupalabdha sAhitya, jisake antargata paTkhaNDAgama ke prathama tIna khaNDo para likhita 'parikarma' nAma kI TIkA AtI hai / yaha -grantha adyAvadhi anupalabdha hai /

Page #22
- 22 / AcArya kundakunda isa grantha ke TIkAkAra AcArya jayasena ne apanI tAtparya vRtti nAma kI aat me batalAyA hai ki paJcAstikAya kA praNayana pivakumAra mahArAja jaise sakSepa rucivAle ziSyo ke lie jainadharma kA prAthamika jJAna karAne hetu kiyA gayA hai / isa grantha me kula 173 gAthAe~ hai / ukta grantha kA varNya viSaya do zrutaskandho me vibhakta hai / prathama taskandha kI 153 gAthAo me dravya ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kara zuddhatattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai aura dvitIya zrutaskandha kI 20 gAthAo me padArtha kA varNana kara zuddhAtmatattva kI prApti kA mArga batalAyA gayA hai / prastuta grantha para AcArya amRtacandra ( 10vI sadI) kRta 'samayavyAkhyA ' eva AcArya jayasena dvitIya ( 12vI sadI) kRta 'tAtparyavRtti' nAmaka saMskRta TIkAe~ mahattvapUrNa mAnI gaI haiN| 2 pavayaNasAro ( pravacanasAra ) prastuta racanA me jinendra ke pravacano ke sAra kA sIdhI-sAdI sarala bhASA-zailI me akana kiyA gayA hai / yaha grantha kundakunda ke anya grantho kI apekSA adhika lokapriya eva lokabhogya siddha huA hai / isakA mUla varNyaviSaya hai pramANa eva prameya tattvo kA pratipAdana | isame kula 275 gAthAe~ hai / grantha kI viSayavastu nimnalikhita tIna adhikAro me vibhakta hai (1) jJAnatattva-prajJApana -- isame zuddhopayoga, atIndriyajJAna, AtmA eva jJAna kI ekatA Adi kA sarasa varNana kiyA gayA hai / yaha varNana 92 gAthAo me samAhita hai / (2) jJeyatattva - prajJApana - isame utpAda, vyaya eva dhrauvya rUpa sattA eva dravya-varNana, jIva- pudgala - varNana, nizcaya vyavahAra dRSTi eva zuddhAtma Adi jJeya padArthoM kA 108 gAthAo me varNana kiyA gayA hai / (3) caraNAnuyogasUcaka cUlikA - isa prakaraNa me mokSamArga ke sAdhana eva zubhopayoga kI 75 gAthAo me carcA kI gaI hai / 1 "athavA zivakumAra - mahArAjAdi - sakSeparuciziSyapratibodhanArtha viracite pacAstikAya prAbhRtazAstre "dekhie jayasena kRta pacAstikAya kI tAtparyavRtti - TIkA kA prArambhika aza / ..

Page #23
'kundakunda / 23 prastuta grantha para AcArya amRtacandra kRta 'tattvapradIpikAvRtti ' AcAryaM jayamena kRta 'tAtparyavRtti' nAma kI saMskRta TIkAe~ suprasiddha hai / eva 3 samayasAra ( athavA samayaprAbhUta) AcArya amRtacandra ne prastuta grantha kI guNa-garimA kA varNana karate hue ise vizva kA asAdhAraNa akSaya netra kahA hai / aneka AcAryoM ne ise paramAgamoM kA sAra kahA hai / zodhArthiyo eva svAdhyAyArthiyoM me yaha grantha itanA lokapriya huA hai ki isake sarvAdhika vividha saMskaraNa evaM padyAnuvAdAdi prakAzita hue haiN| yaha grantha jainadharma-darzana kI mahimA kA sthAyI kIrtistambha, mokSamArga kA akhaNDa dIpa, mumUrSuo ke lie kAmadhenu tathA kalpavRkSa ke samAna mAnA gayA hai / Atmatattva kA itanA sundara, sarasa eva pravAhapUrNa gambhIra vivecana anyatra upalabdha nahI / paravartI lekhakoM ke lie yaha grantha eka pramukha preraka srota rahA hai / ukta grantha kA varNya-vipaya nimna dasa adhikAro me vibhakta hai 1 pUrvaraMga eva jIvAdhikAra 2 jIvAjIvAdhikAra AcArya 3 kartuM karmAdhikAra 4 puNyapApAvikAra 5 AsravAdhikAra 6 savarAdhikAra 7 nirjarAdhikAra 8 vandhAdhikAra 9 mokSAdhikAra 10 sarvavizuddha jJAnAdhikAra (33 gAthAe~) (30 gAthAe~) (76 gAthAe~) (19 gAthAe~) (17 gAthAe~) (12 gAthAe~) (44 gAthAe~) (51 gAthAe~) (20 gAthAe~) (108 gAthAe~) kula 415 gAthAe~ ima grantha para vividha vistRta aneka TIkAe~ likhI gaI haiM, jiname se nimna TIkAe~ eva hindI anuvAda pramukha haiM-- 1 AcArya amRtacandra kRta AtmasyAti TIkA ( 10vI sadI) 2 AcArya jayasena (dvitIya) kRta tAtparyavRtti TIkA ( 12vI sadI)

Page #24
AcArya kundakunda / 25 ukta grantha kA varNa-viSaya 12 adhikAro me vibhakta hai| isame kula 187 gAthAe~ haiM / adhikAroM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM 1 jIvAdhikAra (19 gAthAe~) (18 (18 (21 (18 2 ajIvAdhikAra 3. zuddhabhAvAdhikAra 4 vyavahAracAritrAdhikAra 5 paramArthapratikramaNAdhikAra 6 nizcayapratyAkhyAnAdhikAra (12 7 paramAlocanAdhikAra ( 6 8. zuddha nizcayaprAyazcittAdhikAra ( 9 9 paramasa mAdhyadhikAra 10 paramabhaktyadhikAra 11 nizcayaparamAvazyakAdhikAra 12 zuddhopayogAdhikAra }) 33 "} 31 33 " 27 " 27 ) "7 } (12 17 (18 (28 13 prastuta grantha para munirAja padmaprabha maladhArideva ( 12 vI sadI) kRta 'tAtparyavRtti' nAma kI saMskRta TIkA eva brahmacArI zItalaprasAda jI kRta hindI - TIkA (1916 I0 ) atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai | ) } ) ) ) } ) 5 pAhuDasAhitya 'pAhuDa' TheTha janabhASA kA zabda hai jisakA artha hai - upahAra athavA sasneha bheMTa | bhojapurI bolI, jo ki bihAra kI pramukha voliyo me agragaNya hai, Aja bhI isI artha me usakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / bhAcArya kundakunda prabuddha vicArako ke lie to samayasAra Adi aneka vicArapUrNa prauDha grantha likhakara unhe kRtArtha kara cuke the kintu sAmAnya janatA, jisame ardhazikSita, azikSita, sAdhanavihIna eva upekSita karmakaro kI sakhyA adhika thI, unake lie bhI likhA jAnA yuga kI mA~ga thii| aisI janatA ke lie vidhi - niSedha vidhA kA sIdhI-sAdI sarala bhASA tathA muttaka zailI me kucha aisA likhA jAnA Avazyaka thA, jisame RjujaDo eva vakrajaDo ko unake prazasta mArga se skhalita hone para AvazyakatAnusAra tarjanA varjanA bhI ho aura Avazyaka

Page #25
26/ AcArya kundakunda tAnusAra bhAvuka sneha-pradarzana bhii| jisame svarNima atIta kI pRSThabhUmi kI jhAMkI ho aura vartamAna kI yathArthatA kA pradarzana tathA bhaviSya kI bhUmikA kA saketa bhii| svastha samAja eva rASTra-nirmANa ke lie isa prakAra ke saracanAtmaka sAhitya kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai| hamArI dRSTi se prastuta pAhuDasAhitya sAmAnya janatA ke lie kundakunda dvArA pradatta vastuta snehasikta upahAra tathA pyAra kA pAtheya mAnA jA sakatA hai| __ pAhuDa (prAbhRta) sAhitya kI vidhA kundakunda ke anya grantho kI apekSA bhinna hai| pUrvokta sAhitya me jahA~ ve pravacana-zAstrI, tattvopadeSTA eva AtmArthI cintaka ke rUpa me dikhAI dete hai, vahI prastuta sAhitya me ve eka tejasvI, samAjodvAraka eva sazakta anuzAstA ke rUpa me dikhAI par3ate hai| pAhuDasAhitya eka tIkhA akuza bhI hai, jo mAdhako ko zithilAcAra kI ora baDhane se rokatA hai| pratIta hotA hai ki kundakunda-kAla me samAja me zithilAcAra kA praveza hone lagA thaa| use usase bacAne tathA sAvadhAna karane hetu pAiDa-sAhitya kA praNayana kyiA gayA thaa| yaha sAhitya sAdhako ke lie mAnya AcAra-sahitA (code of conduct) thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki kundakunda ne 84 pAhuDo kI racanA kI thI kintu uname se vartamAna me 8 pAhuDa hI upalabdha eva prakAzita hai| yaha pAhuDasAhitya paraspara me sarvathA svatantra sAhitya hai arthAt eka pAhuDa se dUsare pAhuDa ke vipaya kA koI sambandha nhii| __ zrutasAgara sUri (16vI sadI) ko apane samaya me sambhavataH chaha pAhuDa hI upalabdha ho sake the, ata unhone unhI para pANDityapUrNa saskRta TIkA likhI, jo SaTprAbhUtAdisagraha ke nAma se pa0 nAthUrAma premI ke satprayatna se san 1920 me mANikacandra sIrIz2a se sarvaprathama prakAzita hue| bAda me do pahuDa aura upalabdha hue / unakA bhI usame samAveza kara liyA gayA / aSTapAhuDo para hindI me pa0 jayacanda jI chAvaDA kI rAjasthAnI bhApA-TIkA prasiddha hai / vAda me anya vidvAno ne bhI usake aneka saskaraNa prakAzita kie| apTapAhuDa ke antargata nimnalikhita 8 racanAeM AtI haiM(1) darzanapAhuDa (36 gAthAe~ mAtra) (2) sUtrapAhuDa (27 gAthAe~ ,)

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AcArya kundakunda / 27 13) cAritrapAhuDa (45 gAthAeM mAtra) (4) bodhapAhuDa (61 gAthAe~ ,) (5) mAvapAhuDa (164 gAthAe~ ,) (6) mokSapAhuDa (106 gAthAe~ .) (7) liMgapAhuDa (22 gAthAe~ / ) (8) zIlapAhuDa (40 gAthAe~ ,) * vArasa aguvekkhA (dvAdazAnuprekSA) padArtha ke svarUpa kA bArambAra sUkSmAnisUtama ekAgra cintana (anu+ pra+IkSaNa) karanA hI anuprekSA hai| ina anuprekSAo ko 'bhAvanA' bhI kahA gayA hai / vairAgya sambandhI bhAvanA ke poSaNa kI dRSTi me isakA vizeSa mahattva hai| ye anuprekSAeM athavA bhAvanAe~ 12 hotI hai| AcArya kundakunda ne apanI kula 91 gAthAo me unakA krama nimna prakAra nirdhArita kiyA hai addhvmsrnnmegtmnnnnssaarlogmmucit| AsavasavaraNijjaradhamma bohi ca citejjo / / (gAthA-2) arthAt (1) adhra va (anitya), (2) azaraNa, (3)ekatva, (4) anyatva, (5) sasAra, (6) loka, (7) azucitva, (8) Asrava, (9) savara, (10) nirjarA, (11) dharma eva (12) vodhi / ina dvAdaza anuprekSAo kA cintana karanA caahie| ukta racanA ke anukaraNa para paravartIkAlo me prAkRta, saskRta, apabhraMza eva hindI Adi me lagabhaga do darjana se adhika racanAe~ likhI gii| 7 bhakti-sagaho (bhakti-saMgraha) prastuta sAhitya me ArAdhyo ke prati bhakti kA nidarzana eva vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| isa mAhitya kA jAcAra, adhyAtma eva middhAnta kI dRSTi meM to apanA vizeSa mahattva hai hI, sAhityika itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI unakA nigepa mahattva hai / kyoki isa bhakti-sAhitya kI pratyeka racanA ke anta meM prAkRta gadyAza bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ye azaaitihAsika mahattva ke haiM, kyoki eka ora to ve jaina-zaurasenI kI gadya-zailI kA pratinidhitva karate haiM aura dUsarI ora, jaina-zaurasenI bhASA ke parinipThita rUpa ko prastuta karate haiN|

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28 / AcArya kundakunda yadyapi hAthIgumphA - zilAlekha (vIra parAkramI jaina-samrATa kaliMgA - dhipati khAravela samvandhI ) ko jaina-zaurasenI prAkRta kA prAcInatama udAharaNa mAnA gayA hai kintu usame sandarbhita bhASA kA sthira rUpa nahI A makA hai / ata jaina - zaurasenI ke gadyAzo tathA unakI pariniSThita bhASA ke kAraNa yaha sAhitya vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / ukta bhakti-sAhitya kundakunda kRta hai yA nahIM, isa sandeha kA nirAkaraNa AcArya prabhAcandra kI isa ukti se ho jAtA hai jisame unhone spaSTa likhA hai ki 'prAkRta - bhakti saMgraha' to AcArya kundakunda kRta hai jabaki 'saMskRtabhakti-sagraha' pUjyapAda svAmI kRta (saMskRtA sarvA bhaktya pUjyapAdasvAmikRtA prAkRtAstu kundakundAcAryakRtA . ) / ina bhaktiyo ke nAma eva trama isa prakAra haiM - ( 1 ) tIrthaMkarabhakti (2) siddhabhakti (3) zrutabhakti (4) cAritrabhakti (5) yogibhakti ( 6 ) AcArya bhakti (7) nirvANabhakti ( 8 ) nandIzvarabhakti ( 9 ) zAntibhakti (10) samAdhibhakti ( 11 ) paJcagurubhakti ( 12 ) caityabhakti ( 8 gAthAe~ eva gadyAza) (12 ,,) (11 ,,) (10 * (23 " 11 " 22 (10 (21 " (kevala gadyAza) (kevala gadyAza ( kevala gadyAza) "7 39 ) 22 } ") 33 (7 gAthAe~ eva gadyAza), eva ( kevala gadyAza) 8 rayaNasAra ( ratnasAra) prastuta grantha me sAgAra (gRhastha ) eva anagAra ( muni) ke AcAra-dharma ke vividha pakSo kI sarala eva sarasa bhASA-zailI me vyAkhyA kI gaI hai / isa racanA ke adyAvadhi aneka saskaraNa nikala cuke haiM kintu DaoN0 devendra kumAra zAstrI dvArA sampAdina saskaraNa (indaura, 1974 I0) sarvazreSTha, prAmANika eva sarvopAdeya hai / prastuta racanA me 155+ 12 gAthAe~ haiM /

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3. kundakunda sAhitya kA kAvya - sauSThava kundakunda kI bhASA AcArya kundakunda ko kevala adhyAtmI manta-kavi mAnakara unake virATa vyaktitva ko sImita karanA upayukta nahI / ve nizcaya hI eka yogI aura siddha mahApuruSa to the hI, isake atirikta ve eka mahAn bhASAvid, sAhityakAra eva bhAratIya saMskRti ke prAmANika AcArya - lekhaka bhI the / bhASA-vaijJAniko ne unake sAhitya kI bhASA ko jaina-zaurasenI prAkRta mAnA hai / zaurasenI (nATako me prayukna zauramenI) aura jaina-zaurasenI prAkRta vahI antara hai jo vaidika aura laukika saMskRta me, mAgadhI aura ardhamagadhI prAkRta me, mahArASTrI aura jaina - mahArASTrI prAkRta me, apana za aura avahaThTha me tathA hindI aura hindustAnI me hai / 'prAkRta ke tIna pramukha stara eva jaina zaurasenI prAkRta yahAM viSaya-vistAra ke bhaya se sAmAnya bhASA-bheda para adhika vicAra -na kara kevala itanI jAnakArI de denA hI paryApta hai ki bhASA vaijJAniko ne prAkRta mApA ke tIna pramukha stara mAne haiM - ( 1 ) mAgadhI, ( 2 ) ardhamAgadhI eva ( 3 ) zauramenI / kundakunda kI bhASA kI mUla pravRtti zoramenI hone para vaha prAcya - ardhamAgadhI se adhika prabhAvita hai / jainetara saMskRta nATako kI zaurasenI se kundakunda kI zauramenI adhika prAcIna hai / mahAkavi daNDI ke anusAra, prAkRta (arthAt zaurasenI prAkRta) ne mahArASTra pradeza me praveza pAne para jo rUpa dhAraNa kiyA, vahI utkRSTa mahArASTrI prAkRta ke nAma me prasiddha

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AcArya kundakunda /31 kadha< katham (pravacana0 113) tadhA< tathA (pravacana0 146) apavAda-adhikatejoPage #30
34 / AcArya kundakunda anuprAsa-alakAra sasiddhirAdhasiddha sAdhidamArAdhidaM ca eyaTTha / avagadarAdho jo khalu cedA sohodi avraadho|| (samayasAra-304) aprastutaprazasAlakAra "guDamizrita dUdha pIne para bhI sarpa viSa rahita nahI ho sktaa|" isa ukti ke dvArA aprastutaprazasA kA sundara udAharaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yathA Na muyai payaDi abhavo suTTha vi AyaNiNa jiNadhamma / guDasuddha pi pivatA Na paNNayA NivisA hoti // (bhAvapAhuDa-137) udAharaNAlakAra kundakunda-sAhitya me udANAlakAro kI chaTA to prAya sarvatra hI vikharI huI hai / kundakunda ne vAlAvavodha ke lie laukika upamAno eva upameyo ke mAdhyama se apane siddhAnto ko puSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / unake ye upasAna-upameya paramparA prApta na hokara prAya sarvathA navIna hai| naI naI udbhAvanAo ke dvArA unhone udAharaNo kI jhaDI-sI lagA dI hai| samayasAra ke puNya-pAgadhikAra me puNya-pApa kI pravRtti ko samajhAne ke lie unhone dekhie, ktinA sundara udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai--- sovaNiyamhi Niyala badhadi kAlAyasa ca jaha purisa / badi eva jIva sahamasaha vA kada kasma / / 146 / / arthAt jisa prakAra puruSa ko lohe kI veDI bAMdhatI hai aura svarNa kI veDI bhI bA~dhatI hai, usI prakAra kiyA gayA zubha athavA azubha karma bhI jIva ko bAMdhatA hI hai| isI prakAra karmabhAva ke pakakara girane ke lie pake hue phala ke girane kA sundara udAharaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai

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AcArya kundakunda /35 pakke phalamhi paDie jaha Na phalaM bajjhae puNo vitte| jIvasya kammabhAve paDie Na puNodayamuveI // (samaya0-168) arthAt jisa prakAra koI phala paka kara jaba gira jAtA hai, taba vaha puna boMDI ke sAtha nahI baMdha sktaa| usI prakAra jaba jIva kA karmabhAva pakakara gira jAtA hai, taba phira vaha puna udaya ko prApta nahIM hotaa| rahasyavAda kI jhAMkI ja mayA dirasade sva tANa jANAdi samvahA / jANaga dissade Nata tamhA japemi keNa ha // (mokkha-29) arthAt jo rUpa mere dvArA dekhA gayA hai, vaha sarvathA jAnatA nahI aura jo jAnatA hai vaha dikhAI nahIM denaa| taba maiM kisake sAtha dAta karUM? isa prakAra nirAkAra adRzya jIvAtmA kA yahA~ sundara varNana kyiA gayA hai| kUTa-pada-praya ga kUTa-pado ke prayoga kundakunda-sAhitya meM pracuratA se nahIM milate, kvacit kadAcit hI milate hai / vastuta isa prakAra kI racanAeM, jinake ki zabdo ke sAtha sAdhAraNa artha bhI rahate haiM, phira bhI saralatA se unakA bhAva samajhane meM kaThinAI hotI hai aura jinakA artha zabdo kI bhUlabhulayo me pracchanna rahatA hai, ve kUTa-pada kahalAte hai| kundakunda-sAhitya me bhI kahIkahI isa prakAra ke kucha kUTa-pada upalabdha hai / udAharaNArtha tihi tiNi dharivi Nicca tiyarahio taha tiruNa priyriyo| do dosavippamukko paramappAzAyae joi // (mokSa0 44) // arthAt tIna (arthAta mana, vacana eva kAya) ke dvArA tIna (arthAta varSA-kAlayoga, zItakAlayoga aura uSNakAlayoga) ko dhAraNa kara nirantara tIna (arthAt mithyAtva eva nidAnaspa zalyo) se rahita tIna (arthAt samyadarzana Adi tIna ratno) se yukta aura do doSo (arthAt rAga eva dvepa) se rahita yogI, paramAtmA arthAt siddha ke samAna utkRSTa AtmasvarUpa kA dhyAna karatA hai| (isa padya kA artha vipaya kA vizeSa jAnakara

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AcArya kundakunda / 37 gAhiNI Nahi dANa Nahi pUyA pahi sIla Nahi guNa Na cAritta / je jaiNA bhaNidA te raiyA hoti kumANusA tiriyA / / (rayaNasAra 39) capalA ajjavasappiNi bharahe paMcamayAle micchapuvvayA sulhaa| sammattapuva sAyAraNayArA dullahA hoti / / (rayaNasAra 55)

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4.rASTrIya bhAvAtmaka ekatA evaM akhaMDatA ke kSetra me AcArya kandakunda kundakunda-sAhitya ke adyAvadhi adhyayana se yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki unhone jaina darzana, adhyAtma eva AcAra ke kSetra me maulika cintana kiyA tathA paravartI AcArya-lekhako ke lie ve tejoddIpta prakAza-stambha siddha hue| kintu isake atirikta bhI unhoMne rASTrIya bhAvAtmaka ekatA eva akhaNDatA, svastha samAja eva rASTra-nirmANa,lokapriya jana-bhASA prayoga tathA samakAlIna bhAratIya saMskRti eva bhUgola ko bhI prakAzita kiyA aura isa prakAra vividha sakIrNatAo se Upara uThakara unhoMne apane niSpakSa cintaka-lekhaka ke sArvajanIna rUpa ko bhI prakaTa kiyA hai| yahA~ una tathyo para prakAza DAlane kA prayala kiyA jA rahA hai / sAhitya-lekhana ke mAdhyama se kundakunda ke rASTrIya mUlya ke nimna kArya vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiM1 svaracita sAhitya me samakAlIna lokapriya janabhASA-zaurasenI prAkRta kA AjIvana-prayoga, 2 sarvodayI saskRti kA pracAra, tathA 3 gaSTrIya bhAvAtmaka ekatA eva akhaNDatA ke lie prayatna / samakAlIna janabhASA-prayoga-Adhunika dRSTi se yadi vicAra kiyA jAya to AcArga kundakunda apane samaya ke eka samartha janavAdI santa-vicAraka eva lekhaka the / ima koTi kA lekhaka vinA kisI vargabheda eva varNabheda kI bhAvanA ke, pratyeka vyakti ke pAsa pahuMcane kA prayatna karatA hai aura usake sukha-dukha kI jAnakArI prApta kara unheM jIvana ke yathArtha sukha-santopa kA

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40/ AcArya kundakunda vikAsa zaurasenI-prAkRta se huA hai / ata niSpakSa dRSTi se dekhA jAya to kundakunda hI aise prathama AcArya hai, jinake sAhitya ne Adhunika prajabhASA eva sAhitya ko na kevala bhAvabhUmi pradAna kI, apitu usake bahuAyAmI 1) adhyayana ke lie mUla-srota bhI pradAna kie| isa dRSTi se kundakunda ko hindI-sAhitya, vizeSatayA brajabhASA eva sAhitya rUpI bhavya prAsAda kI nIva kA Thosa patthara mAnA jAya, to atyukti na hogii| ___ sarvodayI saskRti kA pracAra-kundakunda kI dUsarI vizeSatA hai unake dvArA sarvodayI saskRti kA pracAra / bhAratIya-saskRti tyAga kI saskRti hai, bhoga kI nahI / kundakunda ne use ApAdamastaka samajhA eva sarAhA thaa| ve siddhAnto ke pradarzana me nahI, balki unhe jIvana me utArane kI AvazyakatA para bala dete the| unake jo bhI Adarza the, unakA sarvaprathama prayoga unhoMne apane jIvana para kiyA aura jaba ve usame khare utarate the, tabhI unhe sArvajanIna rUpa dete the| unake 'pAhuDasAhitya' kA yadi gambhIra vizlepaNa kiyA jAya, to usase yaha spaSTa vidita ho jAyagA ki unake ahiMsaka eva aparigraha sambandhI siddhAnta kevala mAnava-samAja taka hI sImita na the, apitu samasta prANI-jagat para bhI lAgU hote the| 'jio aura jIne do' ke siddhAnta kA unhone AjIvana pracAra kiyaa| __AcArya kundakunda kI sarvodayI-saskRti kA kSetra atyanta vyApaka hai| vaha vastutaH hRdaya-parivartana eva AtmaguNo ke vikAsa kI saMskRti hai| usakA mUla AdhAra maMtrI, pramoda, kAruNya eva madhyastha-bhAvanA hai| rupayopaiso, sonA-cAMdI, vaibhava, pada-prabhAva Adi ke bala para athavA bhautika-zakti ke bala para kyA AtmaguNo kA vikAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai ? kyA zArIrika saundarya se tathA ucca-kula eva jAti meM janma le lene mAtra se hI sadguNo kA AvirbhAva ho jAtA hai ? saralatA, nizchalatA, dayAlutA, paradukhakAtaratA, zraddhA eva sammAna kI bhAvanA kyA dUkAno para vikatI hai, jo kharIdI jA make? nahIM / sadaguNa to yathArthata zreSTha guNIjano ke sasarga se eva vItarAgavANI ke adhyayana se hI A sakate haiN| kundakunda ne kitanA sundara kahA

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AcArya kundakunda /41 Navi dehI vadijjai Naviya kulo Naviya jAi sNjutto| ko vadai guNahINo gahu savaNo Neva sAvao hoi ||dsnn0 27 ___ arthAt na to zarIra kI vandanA kI jAtI hai aura na kula kii| ucca jAti kI bhI vandanA nahIM kI jAtI / guNahIna kI vandanA to kauna karegA? kyoki na to guNo ke vinA muni ho sakatA hai aura na hI zrAvaka / puna. kundakunda kahate haiM savve viya parihINA svaviruvA vi vadidasuvayA vi| sola jesu susIla sujIvida mANusaM tesi // sIla0 18 arthAt bhale hI koI hIna jAti kA ho, saundarya-vihIna kurUpa ho, vikalAga ho, jhurriyo se yukta vRddhAvasthA ko bhI prApta kyo na ho, ina sabhI virUpo ke hone para bhI yadi vaha uttama zIla kA dhAraka ho tathA yadi usake mAnavIya guNa jIvita ho to usa virUpa kA bhI manuSya-janma zreSTha hai / ____ AtmaguNa ke vikAsa kA artha kundakunda ne yahI mAnA hai ki jisase vyakti apane parivAra, samAja eva deza kA kalyANa kara ske| ina sabake lie vyakti kA saccaritra honA atyAvazyaka hai| yaha guNa sArvakAlika eva sArvabhaumika satya hai / samrATa azoka taba taka priyadarzI na bana sakA aura tava taka bhArata-mAtA ke gale kA hAra na bana sakA, jaba taka usane kaliMgayuddha ke aparAdha ke prAyazcita me apanI talavAra toDakara nahIM pheMka dI aura ahiMsaka jIvana vyatIta nahI karane lgaa| mohanadAsa karamacanda gAdhI taba taka mahAtmA nahIM bana sake jaba taka unhone maharSi janaka, tIrthakara mahAvIra eva gautamabuddha kI bhUmi kA sparza kara ahiMsA, satya, brahmacarya eva aparigraha ko apane jIvana me nahI utAra liyaa| jIvana ke santulana eva samarasatA ke lie jJAna eva sAdhanA athavA tapa ke samanvaya para kundakunda ne vizeSa bala diyaa| kyoki eka ke binA dUsarA andhA va lagaDA hai / pArasparika sayamana ke lie eka ko dUsare kI mahatI AvazyakatA hai / kundakunda ne spaSTa kahA hai tavarahiya ja NANa NANavijutto tavo vi akytyo| tamhA jANataveNa saMjutto lahai Ni vvANaM // mokkha 0 59

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42/ AcArya kundakunda arthAt taparahita jJAna eva jJAnarahita tapa ye dono hI nirarthaka haiM (arthAt eka ke vinA dUsarA andhA eva laMgaDA hai) ataH jJAna eva tapa se yukta mAdhaka hI apane yathArtha lakSya ko prApta karatA hai| pUrva-paramparA prApta kara AcArya kundakunda ne sasAra kI samasta samAjavirodhI duSpravRttiyo eva anAcAro ko pAMca bhAgo me vibhakta kiyA-hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla eva parigraha / inakA yathAzakti tyAga karanA hI zrAvakAcAra hai tathA sarvadeza tyAga karanA hI muni-AcAra / jainadharma kI yaha AcAravyavasthA vastuta sarvodayavAda kA aparanAma mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoki una dono me na kevala mAnava ke prati, apitu samasta prANi-jagata ke prati hI madbhAvanA, surakSA eva usake vikAsa kI prakriyA me usake sahayoga kI pUrNa kalyANa-kAmanA nihita rahatI hai| ata yadi jainAcAra kA mana, vacana eva kAya me nirdoSa pAlana hone lage, to sArA sasAra svata hI sudhara jaaygaa| korTa-kacahariyo eva thAno kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rhegii| uname tAle paDa jaaveNge| pulisa, senA, topa eva talavAro kI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM rhegii| Indian Penal Code me varNita aparAdha-karmoM tathA pUrvokta pAMca pApo kA yadi vidhivat adhyayana kiyA jAye, to uname Azcaryajanaka samAnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| isa koDa meM bhI pAMca-pApo kA vibhinna dhArAo me vargIkaraNa kara unake lie vividha daNDo kI vyavasthA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / antara kevala yahI hai ki eka me prAyazcita, sAdhanA, Atmamayama tathA Atmazuddhi ke dvArA aparAdha-karmoM se mukti kA vidhAna hai, to dUsare meM kArAgAra kI sajA, arthadaNDa eva pulisa kI mArapITa Adi se aparAdha-karmoM kI pravRtti ko chuDAne ke prayatna kI vyavasthA hai| AdarzavAdI dRSTikoNa se yadi dekhA jAya to svastha samAja eva 1 vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie de0 ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra [sampAdaka zrI kSullaka dharmAnandajI, dillI 1988] me DaoN0 rAjArAma jaina dvArA likhita praakkthn|

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AcArya kundakunda / 43 kalyANakArI rASTra-nirmANa kI dRSTi se kundakunda dvArA nirzita jainAcAra athavA sarvodaya kA siddhAnta Aja bhI utanA hI prAsagika hai, jitanA ki Aja se do hajAra varSa pUrva / vizva kI viSama samasyAo kA samAdhAna usI se sambhava hai| rASTrIya bhAvAtmaka ekatA evaM akhaNDatA ke lie prayatna-AcArya kundakuda ne tIsarA mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA rASTrIya akhaNDatA eva ekatA kA / ve svaya to dakSiNAtya the| unhone vahAM kI kisI bhApA me kucha likhA nyA nahI, isakI nizcita sUcanA nahI hai| tamila ke pacamaveda ke rUpa me prasiddha thirukkurala nAmaka kAvya-grantha kA lekhana unhone kiyA thA, aisI kucha vidvAno kI mAnyatA hai kintu yaha mAnyatA abhI taka sarvasammata nahI ho pAI hai| phira bhI yadi yaha mAna bhI leM ki vaha unhI kI racanA hai to bhI unhone bAda me prAntIya sakIrNatA se Upara uThane kA nizcaya kiyA aura zUrasena deza (athavA mathurA) ke nAma para prasiddha zaurasenI-prAkRta-bhASA kA unhoMne gahana adhyayana kiyA tathA usI me unhone yAvajjIvana sAhityaracanA kii| jIvana kI yathArthatA kA citraNa, bhASA kI saralatA, sahaja varNana-zailI eva mArmika anubhUtiyo se ota-prota rahane ke kAraNa vaha sAhitya itanA lokapriya huA ki prAntIya, bhASAI eva bhaugolika sImAeM svata hI samApta ho gii| sarvatra usakA pracAra huaa| Aja bhI pUrva se pazcima eva uttara se dakSiNa kahI bhI jAeM, AcArya kundakunda sabhI ke apane haiM / unake lie na dizAbheda hai, na bhASAbheda aura na prAntabheda, na vargabheda aura na hI varNa-bheda / ___ isa prakAra eka dAkSiNAtya santa ne apane eka bhASA-prayoga se samasta rASTra ko ekavaddha kara camatkRta kara diyA / Adhunika prasaga me bhASA-prayoga ke mAdhyama se rASTra ko jor3e rakhane kA isase vahA udAharaNa aura kahA~ milegA? brajabhApA kI samRddhi ke lie kundakunda sAhitya ke adhyayana kI atyAvazyakatA zaurasenI-prAkRta ke kSetra se yadi kundakunda ko pRthak kara diyA jAya,

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44 / AcArya kundakunda to usakI utanI hI kSati hogI, jitanI kI zaurasenI - prAkRta se utpanna brajabhASA ke mahAkavi sUradAsa ko pRthak kara dene se hindI sAhitya kI / zaurasenI - prAkRta tathA vrajabhASA sahita uttara bhArata kI pramukha Adhunika bhASAo kA paraspara me mA~-beTI kA sambandha hai / ata hindI - sAhitya, vizeSatayA vrajabhASA ke sAhitya, ko yadi uttarottara samRddha banAnA hai to kundakunda kI bhASA eva sAhitya kA adhyayana eva pracAra-prasAra karanA hI hogA /

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5. kundakunda-sAhitya kA sAskRtika - mUlyAkana jaisA ki pUrva meM kahA jA cukA hai ki AcArya kundakunda yuga-pradhAna ke rUpa me mAne gae haiN| unhone mAnava-jIvana ko amRta-rama me siMcana karane hetu adhyAtma-rasa kA jaisA ajasra srota pravAhita kiyA, vaha bhAratIya-cintana ke kSetra me anupama hai| jIvana eva jagat tathA jaDa eva cetana kA gambhIra adhyayana, mAnava-manovijJAna kA adbhuta vizlepaga aura prANimAtra ke prati unakI avirala karuNA kI bhAvanA abhUtapUrva hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcya eva pAzcAtya cintako ne unhe mAnavatA kA mahAn pratiSThAtA mAnA ____ AcArya kundakunda ne apane lagabhaga chayAnnave varSa ke AyuSya me pUrvokna aneka racanAo kA praNayana kiyA, jinakA mUla vipaya dravyAnuyoga eva caraNAnuyoga hai / yadyapi isa prakAra kA sAhitya vicAra-pradhAna hone ke kAraNa bahuta adhika lokapriya nahI hotA kyoki sAmAnya-jano kA usame sahaja-praveza nahI ho paataa| kintu kundakunda kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki unhoMne apanI samasta racanAo me itanI sarasatA eva madhuratA ghola dI aura usame samakAlIna lo-pracalita sarala bhASA aura dainika laukika jIvana ke udAharaNa-prasagoM se use isa prakAra sanAtha kiyA hai ki AbAla-vRddha nara-nArI sabhI usakA rasAsvAdana kara aghAte nahI / __ isame mandeha nahIM ki pichale lagabhaga 4-5 dazako me kundakunda sAhitya kA vistRta adhyayana, tulanAtmaka cintana eva manana tathA zodha aura prakAzana huA hai| kintu ina adhyayano kA mukhya dRSTikoNa darzana eva adhyAtma taka

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46 / AcArya kundakunda hI sImita rahA hai| yaha Azcarya kA viSaya hai ki abhI taka adhyetAo kA dhyAna kundakunda-sAhitya ke sAskRtika mUlyAkana kI ora nahI gyaa| ata kundakunda kI racanAo me upalabdha kucha bhaugolika eva sAskRtika sandarbho para yahA~ prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kiyA jA rahA hai| yaha tathya hai ki koI bhI kavi sAhitya-lekhana ke pUrva apane caturdika vyApta jaDa aura cetana kA gambhIra adhyayana hI nahIM karatA, valki usase sAkSAtkAra karane kA prayatna bhI karatA hai| tabhI vaha apane kavi-karma me sarvAMgINatA tathA camatkAra-janya siddhi prApta kara pAtA hai / AcArya kundakunda ke sAhitya kA adhyayana karane se yaha vAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai| prastuta adhyayana ke krama me isa bAta ko dhyAna me rakhanA Avazyaka hai ki yadyapi kundakunda ne prasaga-prApta laukika tathyo ke saketa athavA ullekha bhale hI vidhyarthaka na kiye ho aura ve niSedhArthaka hI ho, phira bhI unhone apane siddhAnto ke spaSTIkaraNa hetu kucha laukika zabdAvaliyo eva udAharaNo ko prastuta kiyA hai aura saskRta-TIkAkAro ne kundakunda ke hArda ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue hI unakA vizleSaNa kiyA hai / yahAM para sandarbhita sAmagrI kA upayoga kevala yaha batalAne ke lie kiyA jA rahA hai ki kundakunda ekAgI nahI, bahujJa the / dArzanika eva AdhyAtmika kSetra meM unakI jitanI paMTha thI, laukki jJAna meM bhI utanI hI paMTha thii| ata unakI racanAo me prApta kucha laukika sandarbho para Adhunika pariprekSya me yahA~ sakSipta prakAza DAlA jA rahA haisamakAlIna bhAratIya bhUgola eva prAcIna jaina tIrthabhUmiyA~ AcArya kundakunda ke 'dazabhavatyAdi-sagraha' me sagrahIta nirvANa-kANDa ko hI liyA jAya, usame unhoMne samakAlIna deza, nagara, nadI eva parvato kA geya-zailI me jitanA sundara akana kiyA hai, vaha apUrva hai| jaina-tIrtho ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se to usakA vizepa mahattva hai hI, prAcya-bhAratIya bhUgola kI dRSTi se bhI vaha kama mahattvapUrNa nhiiN| yaha dhyAtavya hai ki AcArya - 1. nirvANakANDa, gAthA 1-18

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AcArya kundakunda / 47 kundakunda ne paramparA prApta jaina tIrtha-bhUmiyo ke rUpa me jisa bhAratIya bhUgola kI jAnakArI dI hai, vaha IsA pUrva kI prathama sadI kI hai| unhoMne parvatarAja himAlaya ke garvonnata bhavya-bhAla kailAza parvata se lekara jammU kazmIra taka tathA gujarAta ke giranAra, dakSiNa ke kunthalagiri, pUrvI bhArata ke sammedagiri tathA dakSiNa-pUrva kI koTizilA ke catuSkoNa ke bIcobIca lagabhaga 40 pradhAna nagarI, parvato, nadiyo eva dvIpo ke ullekha kie hai / usakA vargIkaraNa nimna prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai uttara bhArata - hastinApura, vArANasI, mathurA eva ahicchatrA (nagarI), tathA aSTApada (kailAza parvata ) / pazcima bhArata---lATadeza, palahoDI, (vartamAna phalauMdI), vaDagrAma, Urjayanta ( giranAra parvata), gajapanthA, zatrujayagiri, tugI - giri (parvata) Adi / madhya bhArata--acalapura, vaDavAnI, vaDanagara (nagara), meDhagiri, pAvAgiri, siddhavarakUTa, cUlagiri, rezindIgiri, droNagiri, sonAgiri, celanA nadI eva revA nadI / pUrva bhArata -- campApurI, pAvApurI, sammedazikhara, lohAgiri ( loharadaggA) / dakSiNa bhArata --- kaliMga deza, vazasthala, tAravara (nagara), kunthalagiri, koTizilA, nAgahRda / ( sambhavata ) pazcimottara bhArata -- ( jo Ajakala pAkistAna me hai ) podanapura, AzAramya / kundakunda eva kAlidAsa bhArata para cInI AkramaNa evaM paNDita neharU ke kathana ke sandarbha meisa prasaMga me yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki pichale samaya san 1962 me java cIna ne bhArata para pahalA AkramaNa kiyA thA aura himAlaya ke kucha bhAga ko usane cInI kSetra ghoSita kiyA thA, taba tatkAlIna pradhAnamantrI pa0 javAhara lAla neharU ne vahuta hI ojasvI svara me mahAkavi kAlidAsa ( 5vI sadI) kI " astyuttarasyA dizi devatAtmA himAlayo nAma nagAdhirAja '

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AcArya kundakunda / 49 jaina samrATa khAravela ne uttara eva dakSiNa bhArata para parAkramapUrNa AkramaNa bhI kie the tathA jainadharma kA pracAra bhI kiyA thaa| isake atirikta usane akhila bhAratIya stara para eka virATa jainasammelana kA kumArIparvata ( udayagiri - khaNDa giri) para Ayojana kiyA thA aura usame usane catuvidha sagha ko sasammAna Amantrita kara mauryakAla me ucchinna causaTThI aga-saptaka ke caturtha bhAga ko puna prastuta karavAyA thA / mantramugdha kara dene vAle usa sammelana ke vAtAvaraNa se use jIva eva deha ke bheda - vijJAna kA anubhava ho gayA thA / khAravela jaise parAkramI samrATa ke sahasA hI hRdaya parivartana sambandhI isa tathya ne samasta jainadharmAnuyAyiyo para AgAmI aneka varSoM taka amiTa chApa choDI hogI / kundakunda bhI khAravela ke ukta rAjanaitika eva jainadharma pracAra samvandhI kAryoM se avazya hI suparicita rahe hoMge aura sambhavata prerita hokara chinnabhinna dRSTivAdAga ke uddhAra kA prayatna bhI unhone kiyA hogA / isa tathya se isa bAta kI bhI puSTi hotI hai ki kundakunda ne SaTkhaNDAgama ke prathama tIna khaNDo para 'parikarma' nAma kI TIkA likhI hogI, jo yA to rAjanItika uthala-puthala me lupta ho gaI athavA deza videza ke kisI prAcIna zAstrabhaNDAra me chipI paDI hai aura apane uddhAra kI pratIkSA kara rahI hai / 3 kundakunda kAla me zuga- rAjyakAla kI samApti huI aura pazcimottara bhArata me zako ke AkramaNa prArambha hue| ve kramaza dakSiNa bhArata kI ora baDhate gae / ina AkramaNo ke kAraNa bhArata kA sAmAjika eva rAjanItika jIvana asta-vyasta ho gayA thA / zramaNatva kI surakSA evaM usake uddhAra ke lie cintita AcArya kundakunda ko isakI jAnakArI avazya rahI hogI, aisA aSTapAhuDa- sAhitya eva rayaNasAra ke adhyayana se pratIta hotA hai / AdhyAtmika santa hone ke kAraNa bhale hI unakA rAjanayiko se samparka na rahA ho, kintu rAjatantra kI paramparAo eva vyavasthAoM sambandhI jo sAvaMjanika prabhAvaka zabdAvaliyAM thI, ve prabuddha sAmAjiko eva sAhityakAro ko jJAta rahI hogI / yahI kAraNa hai ki kundakunda ne adhyAtma ke gahare

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52 / AcArya kundakunda vastra-prakAra kundakunda bhale hI akhaNDa digambara muni the, kintu eka udAharaNa me dekhie, unhone apane samaya ke vastro kA kaisA vargIkRta ullekha kiyA hai / 1 unake anusAra uma samaya bhArata me pA~ca prakAra ke vastro kA pracalana thA- (1) aDaja ( arthAt koDo dvArA nirmita dhAge ke bane hue arthAt rezamI vastra) 1 (2) voDaja ( arthAt kapAsa dvArA nirmita sUtI vastra ) / (3) romaja ( arthAt jAnavaro ke roma se banAe gae UnI vastra ) / ( 4 ) vakkaja ( arthAt peDa kI chAla dvArA banAe gae valkala vastra ) / (5) carmaja ( arthAt mRga, vyAghra Adi ke carma se banAe gae vastra ) / eka sthAna para AcArya kundakunda ne suI-tAge kA bhI laukika ullekha kiyA hai / isase saketa milatA hai ki kundakunda - kAla me silAI tathA kaDhAI kI hastakalA paryApta lokapriya thI aura gharelU udyoga-dhaMdho me usakA pramukha sthAna thA / zikSA prArambhika zikSaNa ke lie kavi ne vAlyAvasthA ko upayukta vatalAyA hai / unhoMne kahA hai ki samAja ke bacco ke lie prArambha me hI nimna viSayo kA zikSaNa denA cAhie ( 1 ) vyAkaraNa (bhASA ke zuddha prayoga eva bhASA vaijJAnika adhyayana kI dRSTi se), (2) chanda (padyoM ke varNa eva mAtrA ke vaijJAnika adhyayana, sasvara pATha eva use sarasa aura geya banAne kI dRSTi se ) / 1 bhAvapAhuDa, gAyA - 79-81 (saMskRta TIkA me dRSTavya ) 2 mUtrapAhuDa, gAthA - 3 3 zIlapAhuDa, gAthA - 15-16

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AcArya kundakunda /53 (3) nyAya (tarkaNA-zakti kI abhivRddhi ke lie), (4) dharma (jIvana me AcAra eva adhyAtma ke jAgaraNa ke lie), (5) darzana (vicAro kI gahana anubhUti ke lie), (6) gaNita (rASTrIya eva sAmAjika vyavahAra ke sacAlana ke lie)| isI prakAra nikSepa, naya, pramANa, zabdAlakAra,nATaka, purANa Adi ke adhyayana para bhI jora diyA jAtA thaa| lagatA hai ki kundakunda ke samaya me lekhana-sAmagrI Aja ke samAna pracura mAtrA me upalabdha nahIM thI / syAhI eva morapaMkha athavA kApTha-nirmita klama sambhavata vyaya-sAdhya hone ke kAraNa viziSTa-koTi ke lekhako ko hI upalabdha rahatI hogii| kintu sAmAnya jano ke lie khaDiyA (chalk) se dIvAla athavA patthara para likhane kI paramparA thii| vividha dArzanika mata AcArya kundakunda ne apane varNana-prasagoM me samakAlIna pracalita vividha dArzanika mato ke ullekha kie haiN| unase vidita hotA hai ki unhone unakA bhI adhyayana kiyA thaa| usa samaya bhArata me 363 dAzanika mata pracalita the| unakA vargIkaraNa kundakunda ne isa prakAra kiyA hai - 1 kriyAvAdI-180 mata 2 akriyAvAdI-84 mata 3 ajJAnI- 67 mata 4 vainayika- 32 mata 363 mata dukha-prakAra AcArya kundakunda kA kathana hai ki "yaha sasAra kevala dukho kA hI ghara 1 rayaNasAra, gAthA 143 2 samayasAra, gAthA 356,365 3 bhAvapAhuu, gAthA-135

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AcArya kundakunda /55 saketa kiyA hai / usake anusAra zarIra me tela lagAkara dhUli vAle sthAna me daNDa-baiThaka karanA eva mugdara Adi astro ke dvArA vyAyAma karanA, usake sAtha hI sAtha kelA, tamAla, azoka Adi vRkSo ke sAtha apanI zakti ko AjamAne kI prathA kA saketa diyA hai| khAdya eva peya padArtha bhojana-varNana me AcArya kundakunda ne kisI vizeSa anAja kA ullekha nahI kiyA hai lekina tila kA ullekha aneko vAra kiyA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya bhojana me tila apanA vizeSa sthAna rakhatA thaa| tila bahuta hI guNakArI padArtha hone ke kAraNa aisA pratIta hotA hai ki tila ke tela tathA tila ke bane hue modaka Adi vyaJjano kA prayoga sArvajanIna rahA hogA / peya padArthoM meM unhoMne guDa mizrita dUdha aura ikSurasa' kA ullekha kiyA hai / zramaNa saskRti me ikSurasa ko atyanta svAsthyavardhaka eva pavitra peya mAnA gayA hai| AdinAtha tIrthaMkara ne prathama pAraNA me ikSarasa kA hI AhAra grahaNa kyiA thaa| udyoga-dhandhe udyoga-dhandho me kavi ne svarNazodhana vidhi ratnanirmANa, viSauSadhinirmANa',AbhUSaNa-nirmANa, kRSike yantra , rahaTa banAne tathA dAtra (hasiyA)10 1 samayasAra, gAthA-236-246 2 suttapAhuDa, gAthA-18, vodhapAhuDa, gAthA-54, zIlapAhuDa, gAthA-24 3 bhAvapAhuDa, gAthA-137 4 zIlapAhuDa, gAthA-24 5 mokSapAhaDa, gAthA-24, zIlapAiDa, gAthA-9 6 pravacanasAra, gAthA-30, pacAstikAya, gAthA-33 7 zIlapAhuDa, gathA-21 8 samayasAra, gAthA-130-131, pravacanasAra, gAthA 10 9 zIlapAhuDa, gAthA-26 10 pacAstikAya, gAthA-48

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56/ AcArya kundakunda nirmANa, bhavana nirmANa, mUrti nirmANa, 'moma nirmANa Adi ke ullekha kie hai| manorajana ke sAdhana manorajana ke sAdhano me kavi ne goSThI eva jantra (arthAt caupaDa) kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya vibhinna prakAra kI goSThiyo kA Ayojana usI prakAra kiyA jAtA thA, jisa prakAra ki Ajakala kavi-sammelana, sagIta-sammelana yA sAhityika sammelano kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai| kundakunda-sAhitya me kathA-vIjo ke srota AcArya kundakunda ne yadyapi kathA-sAhitya athavA prathamAnuyogasAhitya nahI likhA, kyoki unakA samAja pravuddha thaa| kathA-kahAniyo ke mAdhyama se siddhAnto ko samajhAne kI AvazyakatA to kevala manda-buddhi vAle logo ke lie hI hotI hai| phira bhI kundakunda ne kathAo kA vargIkaraNa avazya kiyA hai| unake anusAra sasAra kI kathAo ko 4 vargo me vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - (1) bhakta-kathA-(bhakti kI preraNA jAgRta karanevAlI kathA) (2) strI-kathA-(striyo ke prati Asakti jAgata karanevAlI kathA) (3) rAja-kathA)-(kapaTa-kUTa eva rAjanIti kA vizlepaNa karane vAlI kathA) (4) cora-kathA-(caurya-kalA kA nirUpaNa karanevAlI kathA) 1 bodhipAhuDa, gAthA 42-43 2 vodhipAhuDa, gAthA-3-4 3 bhaktyAdisagraha 2/10 4 pravacanasAra, gAthA-66 5 liMgapAhuDa, gAthA-10 6 vArasaaNuvekkhA, gAthA-53

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58 / AcArya kundakunda ullekha kiyA hai / isase corI eva DakaitI hone tathA isa prakAra ke ghRNita samAja-virodhI kArya karane vAlo ke lie beDI-varNana ke mAdhyama se kaThoradaNDa vyavasthA kA bhI saketa kiyA hai| liMga pAhuDa me eka zithilAcArI sAdhu kI bhartsanA hetu ba~dhuA majadUra kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| vidita hotA hai ki kundakunda - kAla me baMdhuA majadUrI kI prathA thI / isa prakAra kundakunda kI racanAo me upalabdha rAjanItika, sAmAjika eva sAskRtika sandarbhoM para prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kiyA gayA / sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa yahA~ kevala eka sakSipta jhAMkI mAtra prastuta kI gaI hai / yadi madhukarI-vRtti se unakA pUrNa sagraha kara usakA samakAlIna bhAratIya itihAsa eva saskRti ke pariprekSya me tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jAya, to eka prAmANika zodha-prabandha taiyAra ho sakatA hai /

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6. AcArya kundakunda . Adhunika bhautika vijJAna ke Aine me jainAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita dravya-vyavasthA eva usakA vaiziSTya ___ vaijJAnika-sAhitya kI dRSTi se AcArya kundakunda ke do grantha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiM--pacAstikAyasagraha eva smysaar| lekhaka ne ina gratho me paramparA prApta jJAna-vijJAna kA sundara vizleSaNa kiyA hai| unake kucheka siddhAnta to Adhunika vaijJAnika khojo se abhI bhI bahuta Age haiM / jaise jIva eva pudgala-dravya kA sUkSmAtisUkSma vivecana / Adhunika bhautikazAstrI jisa SaTkoNI 'kvArka maoNDala' kI khoja me vyasta hai tathA jisake abhI taka ke sthApita siddhAnto me ve ekasvara nahI ho sake haiM, AcArya kundakunda eva unake paravartI siddhAntacakravartI nemicandrAcArya sahasrAbdiyo 'pUrva hI apanI racanAo me unakA suspaSTa vizlepaNa kara cuke haiN| kundakunda nAdi aneka AcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita kucha vicAra mAdhunika vijJAna ke samakakSa bhI haiM, jaise pudgala paramANuvAda / javaki kucha siddhAto kI kahI-kahI Azika rUpa meM samakakSatA siddha haI hai| jaise dharmadravya, adharmadravya eva AkAza-dravya / Age inakI sakSipta carcA kI jaaygii| dravya (Substance)-paribhASA kundakunda ne vizva me vyApta samasta dravyo (Substances) ko mukhya rUpa se do bhAgo me vibhakta kiyA hai-jIva eva ajIva athavA cetana eva jaDa (Soul and Non-soul) / dravya kI paribhASA me unakA kathana hai

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AcArya kundakunda / 61 dhruvatva (Permanence) guNa vartamAna rahatA hai / isa prasaga me Democritus kA yaha kathana vicAraNIya hai- "Nothing can never become something and something can never become anything" jIvadravya aura Adhunika vijJAna prAcIna eva navIna prayogazAlAo me AcArya kundakunda Adi ne jIva ko dravya mAnA hai aura banAyA hai ki AtmA, caitanya eva jJAna ye sabhI jIva ke paryAyavAntrI nAma haiM / ume ajaraamara bhI kahA gayA hai / vyavahAra me jo yaha kahA jAtA hai ki 'guNasena -mara gayA' vaha loka vyavahAra kI dRSTi se to ThIka hai, kintu nizcayanaya se 'guNasena' ko mRta kahanA upayukta nahI, kyoki AtmA to nizcaya ho ajaraamara hai| hA~, yaha kahA jAyagA ki 'guNasena kI manuSya paryAya badala gaI / ' isa jIvavAda athavA AtmavAda para prAcInakAla se hI vistRta UhApoha calatA A rahA hai / vicArako meM kabhI-kabhI apane mata ke samarthana me ugratA bhI dekhI gaI hai| uname paraspara me vibhAjana bhI hotA rahA / eka pakSa AtmavAdiyo me ba~Ta gayA aura dUsarA anAtmavAdiyo me / apane-apane pakSa ke samarthana me una vicArako ne pichanI lagabhaga do sahasrAbdiyo me eka vizAla dArzanika sAhitya kA nirmANa bhI kara diyaa| mUla samasyA kA sarva-sammata samAdhAna phira bhI dRSTigocara na ho sakA / jIvAtma-vicAra ke kSetra me jainAcArya Adhunika vijJAna se bahuta Age prAkRta eva saMskRta ke jaina sAhitya me bhI dravya - varNana ke prasaga me jIvadravya kA sUkSmAtisUkSma vicAra kiyA gayA hai aura usakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki 1. mahAvIrasmRti grantha, pR0 117

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62 / AcArya kundakunda sahasrAbdiyoM ke anavarata cintana ke bAda bhI jaina dArzaniko me matabheda dRSTigocara nahI hotA / kundakunda ne jIva kI paribhASA dete hue kahA haijIvo tti havadi cedA uvayogavisesido pahu kattA / bhottA ya dehamatto na hi mutto kammasatto // pacAsti 27 arthAt jIva hI AtmA hai, caitanyaguNavAlA hai, jJAna hai, prabhu (svatantra ) hai, (karmoM kA ) kartA tathA bhoktA hai, svadehapramANa hai, amUrta tathA karmayukta hai / mamayasAra me kundakunda ne ise aura bhI spaSTa kiyA hai / yathA- arasamarUvamagadha avvattaM cedaNAguNamasadda | jANa aliMgaggahaNa jIvamaNiddiTThasaThANa // samaya 0 2 / 11 arthAt jo rasarahita, rUparahita, gandharahita, indriyo dvArA agocara, cetanAguNayukta, zabdarahita, indriyo dvArA agrAhya eva nirAkAra hai, use jIva jAno / Adhunika vijJAna-jagat ne bhI jIvAtmA kI khoja kA athaka prayatna kiyA hai| unhone use dekhane athavA pakaDane ke lie eka vizeSa rUpa se nirmita sayantra kA prayoga bhI kiyA, kintu asaphalatA hI hAtha lagI / eka vAra unhone eka pAradarzI TakI me jIvita prANI ko banda kara use cAroM ora se sIla kara diyA / usame vaha prANI to mara gayA kintu usame se nikale hue jIva yA AtmA kA koI bhI cihna kahI bhI dikhAI nahI diyA / kaikeya-nareza rAjA pradezI eva zramaNakumAra kezI kA aitihAsika AkhyAna yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki Adhunika vaijJAniko ne prAcIna prAkRta jaina sAhitya kA adhyayana kiyA yA nahI / yadi kiyA hotA to bahuta sambhava hai ki ve apanI zakti, samya, eva dravya ke vahuta kucha apavyaya se baca jAte / kyoki Aja se lagabhaga 2838 varSa pUrva (arthAt I0 pU0 849 ke Asa pAsa) kI eka bahuta hI rocaka ghaTanA kA varNana rAyapaseNiyasuta (rA praznIyasUtra ) nAmaka jainAgama me milatA hai| yaha ghaTanA kaikya deza (jahA~

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64 / AcArya kundakunda haiM / ata he rAjan, paraloka kI sattA avazya hai tathA zarIra eva AtmA abhinna ho hI nahI sakate / nizcita rUpa se ve bhinna-bhinna hI haiM / rAjA pradezI dhArmika saccaritra loga svarga me jAkara vikriyA Rddhi se martyaloka me zIghra hI Akara apane parivAra ke logo ko acche kArya karane kI preraNA kyo nahI dete ? cUMki aisA dekhA nahI jAtA, isIlie he zramaNa kumAra, pratIta hotA hai ki paraloka bhI nahI hai tathA zarIra eva AtmA abhinna haiM / zramaNakumAra kezI svarga me jAte hI prANI vahA~ ke bhoga-vilAsa me itane rama jAte haiM ki phira unhe martyaloka me lauTakara ghUmane kA samaya nahI milatA / cAhakara bhI A nahI pAte, kyoki martyaloka me unhe bahuta durgandha AtI hai, isa kAraNa AnA bhI nahI cAhate / kintu paraloka avazya hai aura zarIra eva AtmA nizcaya hI bhinna hai / rAjrApradezI eka jIvita aparAdhI ko lohe kI TakI me banda kara dene tathA kucha dino ke bAda use nikAlakara dekhane se vaha marA huA pAyA gyaa| TakI kA parIkSaNa karane me aisA koI dvAra yA chidra nahI pAyA gayA, jahAM se usakA jIva nikalA ho| yadi zarIra se jIva bhinna hotA, to usake nikalane kA koI-na-koI saketa yA cihna avazya hI hotA kintu usake na milane se vidita hotA hai ki zarIra eva AtmA abhinna hai / kezo jisa prakAra abhedya guphA me daravAjA banda kara dene para bhI teja vajate hue nagADe kI AvAja, binA kisI toDaphoDa ke sahaja me hI bAhara nikala AtI hai, usI prakAra prANI ke marane para jIva ( AtmA ) apratihata-gati se bAhara nikala jAtA hai / kyoki

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AcArya kundakunda /65 parvata, caTTAna eva lohe kI sudRDha banda TakI bhI usa arUpI-AtmA ko nikalane se roka nahI sktii| ata he rAjan, zarIra eva AtmA nizcaya se bhinna rAjA pradezI eka sudRDha abhedya lohe kI TakI me jIvita cora ko vanda kara diyA gayA / usame vaha to mara gayA, kintu usake zarIra me aneka kIDe utpanna ho gye| chidrarahita usa TakI me ve ghuse kahA~ se hoge? usa abhedya TakI me jIvo ke gamanAgamana ke saketa-cihna na milane se yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki zarIra eva AtmA avazya hI abhinna haiN| kezI jisa prakAra, he rAjan, abhedya lohe kI TakI me cora ko banda kara dene tathA usake marane ke bAda jisa prakAra usake jIva (AtmA ke nikalane kA koI cihna dikhAI nahI paDatA / usI prakAra usake mRtazarIra me bhI apratihata-gati se jIvo kA praveza ho jAtA hai aura unhe bhI koI dekha nahI pAtA / imI se spapTa hai ki paraloka bhI hai tathA zarIra aura AtmA bhinna hI haiN| rAjA pradezI eka taruNa vyakti jaisA kArya kara sakatA hai, vaisA hI kArya eka bAlaka nahIM kara sakatA / jaise, eka taruNa vyakti pAMca bANa eka sAtha chor3a sakatA hai, kintu vAlaka nizcita rUpa se nahIM chor3a sakatA / isI prakAra he zramaNakumAra, taruNa eva vRddha vyaktiyo ko samAna rUpa se bhArI bojha uThA sakanA cAhie kintu taruNa to use uThA sakatA hai, vRddha nhii| imI se siddha hai ki zarIra aura AtmA abhinna haiN| kezI : he rAjan, vAlaka eva taruNa athavA vRddha athavA taruNa vyakti kI bhautika kArya-kSamatA kA mukhya kAraNa

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66 | AcArya kundakunda zarIra rUpI upakaraNa hai / upakaraNa ke zithila hone se cAlaka taruNa jaisA aura vaMda bhI taruNa jaisA kArya nahI kara makatA / isame AtmA kA usase kyA sambandha taruNa vyakti ko bhI yadi jIrNa-zIrNaM dhanupa- pratyacA- vANa de diyA jAya, to vaha taruNa bhI pA~ca bANa eka sAtha nahI choDa sakatA / ata he pradezI tumhArA tarka sadoSa hai / zarIra aura AtmA nizcaya hI bhinna hai | rAjA pradezI mRta zarIra eva jIvita zarIra ke vajana me koI antara nahI pAyA gyaa| yadi zarIra eva AtmA bhinna-bhinna hote, to AtmA kA vajana juDa jAne se jIvita vyakti ko mRta vyakti se adhika vajanadAra honA cAhie kintu aisA nahI dekhA jAtA / ata isa prayoga ke niSkarSa se he kumAra, aisA vidita hotA hai ki zarIra tathA AtmA abhinna hai / kezI he rAjan, jisa prakAra camaDe kI mazaka me havA bharakara taulane tathA usa havA ko nikAlakara taulane se usake vajana me koI antara nahI hotA, usI prakAra mRta athavA jIvita vyakti ke zarIra ke vajana me bhI antara kaise hogA ? ata nizcaya hI zarIra aura AtmA bhinna haiM / rAjA pradezI he kumAra zramaNa, vyakti ke kramaza aga aga kATa DAlane para bhI kahI bhI usame nahI detA / isI se siddha hai ki AtmA jIva dikhAI zarIra aura AtmA abhinna haiM / kezI prANiyo me jIva AtmA usI prakAra adRzya rUpa me chipA rahatA hai jisa prakAra kASTha me agni / kASTha ko TukaDI TukaDo meM kATa DAlane para bhI kyA usame kahI agni dikhalAI paDatI hai ? usI prakAra prANiyo

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AcArya kundakunda /67 ke aga-pratyago ke chinna-bhinna kara DAlane para bhI AtmA dikhalAI nahI pddtii| ata zarIra tathA AtmA abhinna hI haiN| rAjA pradezI kyA AtmA ko hathelI para rakhe gae AMvale kI taraha dikhAyA jA sakatA hai? kezI AtmA-jIva ko to kevalajJAnI sarvajJa hI dekha sakate haiN| chadmastha yA sAmAnya carmacakSu use nahI dekha skte| rAjA pradezI he zramaNakumAra, AtmA kI AkRti kyA hai? kezI he rAjan, AtmA to nirAkAra hai / agurulaghu-guNa ke kAraNa vaha zarIra ke pramANa ke anusAra cITI yA hAthI ke zarIra-pramANa bana jAtI hai| jIva-dravya kI saphala khoja ke lie Adhunika-vaijJAniko ko jaina-darzana kA adhyayana Avazyaka rAjA pradezI eva kumArazramaNa kezI kA ukta savAda vaDA hI mahattvapUrNa eva aitihAsika hai| bhale hI usa yuga me Aja jaisI kharcIlI vistRta prayogazAlAeM na rahI ho, phira bhI prayoga kI cAturya-pUrNa prakriyA avazya thii| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki prAkRta-jaina-sAhitya ke ina vaijJAnika prAcIna anusandhAno tathA zAstrArtho se yukta azo kA videzI-bhASAo me anuvAda kara sasAra ke vaijJAniko ko bhejA jAya, jisase anuprANita hokara ve usa sAmagrI kA bhI upayoga kara skeN| kucha jaina-vaijJAniko ke sarAhanIya kArya yaha prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki 4-5 dazako me kucha jaina-baijJAniko kA dhyAna jainAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita ukta dravya vyavasthA kI ora gayA hai aura unhone Adhunika-vijJAna ke sAtha-sAtha usake tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane ke prayatna kie haiN| aise vaijJAniko me sarvathI pro0 DaoN0 daulatasiMha koThArI, munizrI nagarAja jI, DaoN0 nandalAla jaina, DaoN0 dulIcandra jaina eva

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*68 / AcArya kundakunda zrI jhaverI Adi pramukha haiN| unhoMne samaya-samaya para tulanAtmaka nibandha Adi likhakara vidvAno - vaijJAniko ko isa dizA me vicAra karane ke lie paryApta preraNAe~ pradAna kI hai / unhone jIva - AtmA kI khoja ke prasaga me batalAyA hai ki Adhunika vijJAna bhale hI Atma-tattva ke sAkSAtkAra me saphala na ho sakA ho, kintu unakI vartamAna khojo se yaha avazya hI jJAta huA hai ki jaba koI prANI janma letA hai, to usake sAtha eka vidyut cakra (Electric-charge) rahatA hai, jo mRtyu ke samaya lupta ho jAtA hai / isa viSaya me DaoN0 nandalAla kA kathana hai ki Electric-charge to Conservation of energy ke siddhAnta kI dRSTi se nAzavAna nahI hai / tava phira vaha charge jAtA kahA~ hai1 ?" isa samasyA ke samAdhAna ke lie bhI prayogazAlAo me puna sayantro kA nirmANa kiyA jA rahA hai / ho sakatA hai ki ina sayantro se ukta samasyA kA kucha samAdhAna nikala sake / kintu vizvAsa yahI kiyA jAtA hai ki ye navIna yantra bhI jisa zakti kA patA lagAveMge, vaha AtmA nahI hogii| kyoki vaha to nizcita rUpa se amUttika, apI hai| hA~, usa zakti kI tulanA taijasa-zarIra ( Electric Body) se avazya kI jA sakatI hai, jo ki AtmA se ghaniSTha sambandha rakhatA hai / phira bhI AtmA kI khoja ke prayAsa meM isa tathya kI khoja bhI apanA mahattva rakhatI hai / jaina-darzana-vijJAna ke kSetra me ukta taijasa zarIra bhI koI navIna khoja nahI hai / kyoki jainAcAryoM ne pA~ca prakAra ke zarIro ke varNana me svaya use cauthA sthAna diyA hai aura mahasrAbdiyo pUrva hI usakA vistRta vizleSaNa kara diyA hai / " Sir O' Loz jaise kucha vaijJAniko kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki bhale hI AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra karane me vijJAna asaphala rahA ho, phira bhI AtmA vA astitva honA avazya caahie| ' Protoplasm is nothing but a viscous fluid which contains every living cell' ke siddhAnta 1 mahAvIra smRtigrantha, pR0 120 2 tattvArtharAjavAttika 2/36

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70/mAcArya kundakunda tathA paramANu, inake atirikta bhI jo kucha bhI mUrta ho, vaha saba pudgala ke bheda ke rUpa meM jAnanA caahie| jisame sparza, rasa, gandha eva varNa kI apekSA ne tathA skandha paryAya kI apekSA se pUraNa eva galana kriyA ho, use bhI pudgala (Matter and Energy) mAnA gayA hai|' ina pudgalo ko 4 bhedo me bAMTA gayA hai:1 skandha-anantAnanta paramANuo se nirmita hone para bhI jo eka 2 skandha deza-(uparyukta kA AdhA) 3 kandha pradeza-(uparyukta kA bhI AdhA) 4, paramANu-(skandha kA avibhAgI aryAn antima eka pradeza vAlA pudgalAza) athavA-jo Adi, madhya evaM ganta rahita hai, jo kevaka eka pradezI hai (jinake do nAdi pradeza nahIM hai), aura jise indriyo dvArA grahaNa nahIM piyA jA makatA, vaha vibhAga-vihIna dravya paramANu hai| pudgala paramANu kI zakti mAdhunika vaijJAniko ne jisa (Matter and energy) kA gahana adhyayana kara samasta vizva ko Azcaryacakita kara diyA hai, vaha vastutaH pudgala hI hai| jisa pudgala ko pUraNa-galana kriyA vAlA batAyA gayA hai, Adhunika vijJAna me use hI (Fusion and Fission) tayA (Disintigration) vAlA siddha kiyA gayA hai| Atom-bomb (paramANu bama) ko Fisson-bomb inIlie kahA gayA, kyoMki jaba Atom (paramANa) ke kaNa-kaNa vikhara jAte haiM (pUrvokna galana kriyA) tabhI umame zakti utpanna hotI hai| isI prakAra Hydrosion-bomb ko Fusoin-bomb inI 1. paMcAstikAya, gAthA-76 (saskRna TIkA) 2 pacAstikAya, gAthA-74

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AcArya kundakunda / 71 kAraNa kahA gayA hai kyoki usame Atoms (paramANu) jaba paraspara me jur3ate haiM (pUrvokta pUraNa-kriyA), tava usame zakti utpanna hotI hai / / Aja ke viziSTa padArthoM me Uranum and Redium kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / vaijJAnika parIkSaNo se yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki pUrvokta galanakriyA ina dono padArthoM me svAbhAvika rUpa se svata hI hotI rahatI hai aura usase navIna padArthoM kA janma hotA rahatA hai / vaijJAniko ne batalAyA hai ki Uranium ke eka kaNa me Alpha, Beta and Gamma kiraNe apratihata gati se nirantara nikalatI rahatI haiM aura lagabhaga do araba varSoM me umakA ardhAMza Redium me badala jAtA hai| ___galana kI pratikriyA Redium me bhI svAbhAvika rUpa se dina-rAta hotI rahatI hai aura usake eka kaNa kA ardhAMza lagabhaga chaha hajAra varSoM me sIse (Lead) me vadala jAtA hai| snigdha (Positive) aura rUkSa (Negative) kA bandha AcArya kundakunda ne pudgala kI paribhASA me batAyA hai ki snigdha eva rUkSa guNo ke kAraNa paramANu eka sAtha baMdhA rahatA hai| isakA samarthana AcArya umAsvAti ne bhI 'snigdharUkSatvAd-bandha' nAmaka sUtra ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai| jainAcAryoM kA yaha vaijJAnika siddhAnta bhI Azcaryajanaka hai aura Adhunika vaijJAnika khojo ke samakakSa hai| pUjyapAda svAmI (5vI sadI I0) ne likhA hai ki snigdha eva rukSa guNa ke nimitta se vidyut kI utpatti hotI Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi me ukta snigdha 'Positive' ke artha me tathA rUkSa 'Negative' ke artha me liyA gayA hai| sAmAnya bhASA me ise 1 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra smRtigranya, pR0-275 2-3 vahI, pR0 276 4 pacAstikAya, gAthA-81 (saMskRta TIkA) 5. tattvArtharAjavAttika 5/33 6 sarvArthasiddhi 5/33

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AcArya kundakunda / 73 'SaTkoNI' (chaha koNa vAlA) honA cAhie / kundakunda tathA aneka paravartI AcAryoM ne bhI use paTkoNI (chaha koNa vAlA) mAnate hue usakA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai / AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai vAdarasahumagadANa khadhANa poggalo tti vvhaage| te hoMti chappayArA telokkaM jehi NippaNNaM // pacAsti0 761 arthAt vyavahAra me bAdara aura sUkSma rUpa se pariNata skandha hI pudgala hai / ve chaha prakAra ke hote hai / tIno loka unhI se niSpanna haiN| 'niyamasAra' (gAthA sa0 21-23) me kundakunda ne pUrNa vargIkaraNa karate hue unake udAharaNa bhI prastuta kie haiM, jo sakSepa me isa prakAra hai1 sthUla-sthUla-jaise pRthvI, parvata, lakaDI, patthara Adi jo TUTane kaTane para puna juDa nahI skte| (Solids such as earth, stone etc) 2 sthUla- jaise ghI, dUdha, tela, pAnI Adi tarala padArtha,jo bikharane ke bAda puna svata jur3a sakate hai| (Liquids like butter, water or Oil etc) 3 sthUla-sUkSma-jaise chAyA, dhUpa, andhakAra, cAMdanI Adi (skandha), jo - ki sthUla jJAta hone para bhI jinakA chedana-bhedana karanA yA hAtho se pakaDa sakanA sabhava nahI / (Energy which manifests itself in forms of heat, light, electricity and magnetism.) 4 sUkSma-sthUla-jaise sparza, rasa, gandha, zabda, vAyu Adi jo ki sUkSma hone para bhI sthUla jaise pratIta hote haiM / (Gases like air and others) 5 sUkSma- jaise karma-vargaNA Adi (skandha), jo sUkSma haiM, tathA jo idriyo dvArA agocara haiN| (Fine matter which is responsible for thought-activities and is beyond sense-perception ) 6 sUkSma-sUkSma-jaise karmavargaNAtIta dvi-aNuka-skandha taka ke skandha, jo

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76 / AcArya kundakunda jahAja Adi eka bhI kadama Age na baDha pAte, yadi dharmadravya unake gamana me sahAyaka na ho / yadi dharmadravya na ho, to AkAza, pAtAla eva martyaloka me jIvo eva pudgalo kA sarvathA gamanAgamana hI ruka jAe / dharma- dravya aura Adhunika vijJAna ukta dharmadravya ke guNo kA samarthana Adhunika bhautika vijJAna ne bhI kiyA hai| ina vaijJAniko kA kathana hai ki prakAza-kiraNeM zUnya meM nahIM, balki ve AkAza me vyApta haiM tathA Ether of space ke jarie pRthvI para pahu~catI hai | Ether ke viSaya se vaijJAniko kI mAnyatA hai ki vaha ( Ether) koI padArtha yA dRzya vastu nahI hai / vaha to sarvatra vyApta hai tathA sabhI kI gamanakriyA meM sahAyaka hai | " ukta Ether ke prAya sabhI guNa dharmadravya me vartamAna haiM / dharmadravya ke samAna hI vaha arUpI ( Formless ) eva vastuo se bhinna hai / dharmadravya ke samAna vaha bhI niSkriya, ananta eva AkAzavyApI aura apaudgalika hai tathA dharmadravya ke samAna hI vaha zaktizAlI hai / jaisA ki batalAyA gayA haiEther is not a kind of matter (pudagala rUpI) Being nonmaterial, its properties are quite unique 2 adharma - dravya (Medium of Rest ) vizva vyavasthA me jo mahattva dharmadravya kA hai, vahI mahattva adharma dravya kA bhI hai / adharma dravya kA tAtparya yahAM anAcAra, duSTAcAra yA sAmpradAyika sakIrNatA se nahIM hai, balki vaha eka pAribhASika vaijJAnika zabda hai, jo jIvo eva pudgalo ko sthira karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai / jainAcAryoM ke anusAra yaha adharma dravya bhI amUrta, adRzya tathA lokavyApI hai / yaha adharmadravya AisTAina ke Field of Gravitation ke siddhAnta se samarthita hai | 3 1 mahAvIra smRti grantha, pU0 278 2. mahAvIra smRti graMtha, pR0 123 3. pacAstikAya, gAthA - 91

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AcArya kundakunda / 77 loka-vyavasthA me adharma-dravya kA mahattva adharmaM dravya loka vyavasthA ke lie atyAvazyaka tattva hai / yadi vaha na hotA to vizva kA pratyeka padArtha nirantara calAyamAna rahatA aura isa prakAra loka me sthAyitva nahI raha pAtA / loka me yadi kevala jIva, padArtha eva AkAza mAtra hI hote to ve sabhI ( adharma dravya ke abhAva ke kAraNa ) ananta AkAza me phaila jAte aura isa prakAra samasta loka vyavasthA hI gaDacaDa ho jAtI / tAtparya yaha ki dharma dravya (Medium of motion) tathA adharma dravya (Medium of rest ) ye dono hI dravya (Substances ) loka vyavasthA ke lie anivArya hai / yadyapi dono hI dravya paraspara virodhI hai, phira bhI uname paraspara meM kisI prakAra kI TakarAhaTa nahI hai, kyoki ve kisI ko gamana karane athavA Thaharane ke lie preraNA nahI dete yA javaradastI nahI karate balki jo svata hI gamana karate haiM, athavA jo svata hI sthira hote haiM, unake lie ve anivArya rUpa se sahAyaka avazya hote haiM / kundakunda kahate Naya gacchadi dhammatyI gamanaM Na karedi aNNadaviyassa | havadi gadissa ya pasaro jIvANaM poggalANaM ca // pacAsti0- 88 // arthAt dharmAstikAya gamana nahI karatA aura anya dravya ko bhI vaha balAt gamana nahI karAtA / vaha to jIvo tathA pudaglo kI gati kA udAsIna prasAraka hai / ThIka yahI sthiti adharmAstikAya kI bhI hai / AkAza dravya ( Space-substance) AkAza dravya bhI pAribhASika zabda hai / vatalAyA gayA hai ki jo jIva pudagala, dharma, adharma eva kAla ko avakAza arthAt sthAna-dAna de vahI AkAza hai / 11 jainAcAryoM ke kathanAnusAra AkAza nitya, vyApaka evaM ananta hai / vaha 1 pacAstikAya, gAthA 91-94 *

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AcArya kundakunda / 19 kAraNa alokAkAza ko bhI nahI mAnate aura alokAkAza ko mAne vinA loka-vyavasthA vana hI nahI sakegI / kAla- dravya (Time-substance) vizva vyavasthA ke lie jainAcAryoM ne kAladravya ko bhI anya dravyo kI bhA~ti hI vizeSa mahattva pradAna kiyA hai / kyoki vaha parivartana kA sUcaka hai aura parivartana hI vikAsa kA pradhAna kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| kundakunda prabhRti AcAryoM ne saMskRta eva prAkRta me kAla- dravya ke viSaya me gambhIra adhyayana eva vizleSaNa prastuta kie haiN| unake anusAra vaha padArthoM ke parivartana me kumbhakAra - cakravat sahAyaka kAraNa hai / usame utpAda, vyaya eva dhruvatva hone ke kAraNa use jIvAdi ke samAna hI 'dravya' mAnA gayA hai / kAla kA vargIkaraNa do prakAra se kiyA gayA hai ( 1 ) nizcayakAla ( lokAkAza ke pratyeka pradeza me vyApta asakhya avibhAga kAlANu), tathA ( 2 ) vyavahArakAla arthAt vaha 'samaya' jo eka paramANu yA kAlANu apane pAsa se dUsare (Consecutive ) paramANu ke pAsa taka pahuMcane me lagatA hai / ukta paribhASAoM ke anusAra vyavahAra-kAla sAdi eva sAnta tathA nizcayakAla ananta hai, jo dhauvatva ( vartanA, contuity) kA sUcaka hai / kAlANuo me paraspara me milane kI zakti nahI hone se ve pudgalaskandha ke samAna ba~dha nahI sakate / ve adRzya, arUpI eva niSkriya hote hai / kAla-dravya me astitva to mAnA gayA hai kintu anya dravyo ke samAna usame kAyatva (arthAt vistAra eva milana) kI zakti nahI hai / ata use anastikAya kahA gayA hai| parimANa kI dRSTi se kAla kA sabase vaDA parimANa mahAkalpa hai jo umarpiNI eva avasarpiNI ke kAla ke joDa ke barAbara hai aura jo lagAtAra 1 pacAstikAya, gAthA - 22

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80 / AcArya kundakunda 77 ako me likhA jA sakatA hai / kAla kA sabase choTA parimANa 'samaya' hai | kAla- dravya ke vartanA ( vartanA karAnA), pariNAma (apanI maryAdA ke bhItara prati samaya parivartita paryAya), kriyA ( halana calana rUpa vyApAra se yukta dravya kI avasthA), paratva (Ayu kI apekSA vaDA) aura aparatva (Ayu kI apekSA choTA) kArya athavA upakAra mAne gae haiM / bhAratIya darzano me se jainadarzana ne kAla- dranya ke viSaya me jitanA gahana adhyayana eva vizleSaNa kiyA hai vaha anya darzano meM nahI / nyAyavaizeSika darzano me yadyapi usakA varNana kiyA gayA hai, kintu vaha jainadarzana ke ukta vyavahAra-kAla taka hI sImita raha gayA / nizcaya kAla taka unakI pahu~ca nahI ho sakI / kAladravya aura Adhunika vijJAna Adhunika vijJAna ne bhI kAla-dravya ke viSaya me khojabIna kI hai aura unake niSkarSa bhI lagabhaga vahI haiM, jinakA pratipAdana jainAcArya sahasrAbdiyo pUrva kara cuke haiM / suprasiddha vaijJAnika hainazA kA yaha kathana vicAraNIya 2. "Space (AkAza-dravya), Matter (pud gala dravya), Time (kAla- dravya) and Medium of motion ( dharma- dravya) are all separate in our minds We can not imagine that one of them could depend on another or be converted into another. " supramiddha phAsIsI dArzanika vargazA ne to spaSTa ghoSita kiyA hai ki "vizva ke vikAsa me 'kAla' kA vizeSa mahattva hai| binA usake pariNamana eva parivartana sambhava nahI / ata kAla bhI dravya hai / "3 1 pacAstikAya, gAthA-24 2 mahAvIra smRti grantha, pR0 126 3 vahI, pR0 126

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82/ AcArya kundakunda pArasparika AdAna-pradAna kI dizA me koI bhI vicAra nahI kiyA gayA, jo ki atyAvazyaka hI nahI, kundakunda ke dArzanika rUpa ke vaiziSTya-pradarzana ke lie anivArya bhI hai / isI prakAra kundakunda kI bhASA kAbhApA-vaijJAnika vizleSaNa, vrajabhASA eva usake bhakti-pradhAna sAhitya ke Upara prabhAva, kundakunda ke sAhitya kA sarvAMgINa sAskRtika, sAmAjika eva kAvyAtmaka mUlyAkana bhI abhI taka nahI ho pAyA hai / ina pakSo para bhI jaba taka vistRta prAmANika adhyayana nahI ho jAtA, taba taka hama kundakunda ke bahuAyAmI mahAn vyaktitva se aparicita hI rhege| ___vastuta AcArya kundakunda kevala zramaNa-paramparA ke hI mahAn savAhaka AcArya nahI, apitu bhAratIya saMskRti, samAja eva itihAsa ke vividha pakSo ko prakAzita karane vAle eka mahapi, yogI eva AcArya-lekhaka bhI haiM / yahI nahI, loka-vyavasthA tathA dravya-vyavasthA ke kSetra me unakA jo gahana-ciMtana eva vizleSaNa hai, vaha bhI vejoDa hai / bhautika-jagat ke aneka pracchanna rahasyo kA unhone jisa prakAra udghATana eva prakAzana kiyA hai, umase bhAratIya prAcya-vidyA, vizeSa rUpa se jaina-vidyA gaurava ke ana-zikhara para pratiSThina huI hai| aise mahimA-maNDita AcArya ke dvisahasrAbdI samAroha ke prasaga me yadi unake sarvAMgINa pakSo ko prakAzita kiyA jA sake, to vaha isa sadI kI eka bahuta bar3I upalabdhi mAnI jaayegii|

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AcArya kundakunda / 85 adhika sAratattva hai samyagdarzana, kyoki samyagdarzana se hI samyakcAritra hotA hai aura samyakcAritra se nirvANa kI samprApti / vizeSa prastuta gAthA me kundakunda ne lakSyasiddhi ke lie ratnatraya ke mahattva para prakAza DAlA hai| ratnatraya kA artha hai-samyakdarzana arthAta nirdoSa zraddhAna eva vizvAsa, jJAna arthAt nirdoSa jJAna eva nirdoSa cAritra / AcAryoM ne eka udAharaNa dete hue batAyA hai ki jisa prakAra eka rogI ko svastha hone ke lie cikitsaka eva cikitsA para vizvAsa karanA Avazyaka hai, kyoki usake binA davA kA prabhAva rogI kI bImArI para nahI paDa sktaa| ata sabase pahale samyak vizvAsa, phira cikitsaka eva cikitsA ke viSaya me usakI upAdeyatA kA jJAna bhI Avazyaka hai| tatpazcAt cikitsaka ke kathanAnusAra davA samaya para lenA bhI Avazyaka hai / ina tIno vidhiyo me se yadi kisI eka me kisI bhI prakAra kI kamI rahegI, to rogI jisa prakAra ThIka nahI ho sakatA usI prakAra zrAvaka eva sAdhu bhI ratnatraya ke binA lakSya kI prApti nahI kara skte| zakti ke anusAra hI dharmAcaraNa kiyA jAe4 ja sakkai ta kIrai ja ca Na sakkei ta ca saddahaNa / kevali jiNehi bhaNiya saddahamANasya sammata / / (darzana0 22) -jitanA cAritra dhAraNa kiyA jA sake, utanA mAtra hI dhAraNa karanA cAhie aura jo dhAraNa nahI kiyA jA sakatA, usakA zraddhAna karanA caahie| kyoki kevalajJAnI ne zraddhAna karanevAlo ke isa guNa ko hI * samyagdarzana batalAyA hai| vizeSa vyakti ko apanI zakti ke anusAra hI sAdhanA karanA cAhie / anyathA usakI sthiti vaisI hI hogI jaise ki durvala baila para zakti se adhika vojhA lAda dene se ho sakatI hai / kundakunda ke saketAnusAra vyakti ko apanI zakti ke anusAra hI dharmAcaraNa karanA cAhie tathA jo usakI

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86 / AcArya kundakunda zakti ke bAhara ho, usake prati vaha zraddhAlu banA rhe| yahI upayukta bhI hai / isame vyartha ke pradarzano kI AvazyakatA nahI hai / sadAcaraNa hI zreSTha dharma hai 5 sabve vi ya parihINA rUvavirUvA vi vadidamuvayA vi / sIla jesu susIla sujIvida mANusa tesi // ( zIlapAhuDa 18 ) -jo bhale hI hIna-jAti ke haiM, rUpa se virUpa arthAt kurUpa hai aura jo vRddhAvasthA se yukta haiM -- ina sabake hone para bhI yadi ve suzIla haiM to unhI kI mAnavatA jIvanta hai arthAt unhI kA manuSya-bhava sarvazreSTha hai / tAtparya yaha ki jo vyakti loka kA hitaiSI hai, usakA nizchalavyavahAra eva sarala-hRdaya honA hI paryApta hai / bhale hI vaha jAti eva kula se hIna ho athavA kurUpa yA apaga, to bhI vaha apane jIvana me Age baDha sakatA hai aura saphala tathA yazasvI ho sakatA hai / sasAra kA samasta vaibhava kSaNika hai 6 varabhavaNa - jANa - vAhaNa - sayaNAsaNa-deva- maNuvarAyANa / mAdu-pitu sajaNa - bhiccasavadhiNo ya pidiviyANiccA // ( vArasANu 0 3 ) - uttama bhavana, yAna, vAhana, zayana, Asana, deva, manuSya, rAjA, mAtA, pitA, svajana, sevaka samvandhI tathA cAcA Adi sabhI anitya haiM / vizeSa- loga apane vaibhava para iThalAte haiM, saundarya para abhimAna karate haiM, uccakula me janma lene ke kAraNa ghamaNDa me cUra rahate haiM, kintu marate samaya kitanI vastueM unake sAtha me jAtI haiM ? yaha sabhI jAnate haiM ki mikandara vizva - vijaya kI, aravo-kharavo kI mampatti lUTI, kintu kitanA dhana vaha sAtha me le gayA ? kundakunda kahate haiM ki zarIra aura AtmA bhinna-bhinna haiM / AtmA ke atirikta jitane bhI padArtha haiM, ve saba kSaNika haiN| ata uname lipta mata bano /

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AcArya kundakunda / 87 saccA zramaNa kauna -- 7 samasattuvadhavaggo samasuhadukkho pasasaNidasamo / samaloTha kacaNo puNa jIvidamaraNo samo samaNo // ( pravacana sAra 3 / 41 ) - jo zatru eva mitra, sukha eva dukha, prazasA eva niMdA tathA patthara eva sonA aura jIvana eva maraNa me samavRtti vAlA hai, vahI ( yathArthata saccA ) zramaNa hai / supAtra 'ko dAna eva bhAvoM kI nirmalatA Avazyaka --- 8 pattaviNAdANa ya suputtaviNA vahudhaNa mahAkhetta / cittaviNA vayaguNacArita NikkAraNa jANe // ( rayaNa0 30 ) --- jisa prakAra suputra ke vinA vipula dhana aura baDe-baDe seto kA honA vyartha hai, eva acche pAtra ke binA dAna denA bhI nirarthaka hai / usI prakAra bhAvo ke vinA vrata, guNa aura cAritra kA pAlana bhI niSphala hai / paramANu kA lakSaNa - 9 attAdi attamajjha, attaMta Neva idie gejjha / avibhAgI ja davva, paramANU ta viyANAhi // ( niyama 0 26 ) - svasvarUpa hI jisakA Adi hai, svasvarUpa hI jisakA anta haiM, jo iMdriyo ke dvArA grahaNa nahI kiyA jA sakatA aura jo avibhAgI hai, usa dravya ko paramANu jAno I vizeSa-- bhautika jagat ke viSaya me kundakunda ne bahuta likhA hai / vaha alaga hI carcA kA viSaya ho sakatA hai| usakA eka choTA-sA udAharaNa hI yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / kundakunda kahate haiM ki paramANu arthAt Atom bahuta zarAratI eva nakharevAja hai, sAtha hI mahAna zaktizAlI bhI / samasta

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88 / AcArya kundakunda lokAkAza usase bharA paDA hai / yadyapi vaha khokhalA hai, usakA na Adi hai na anta aura na madhya / vaha indriyo ke dvArA bhI grahaNa nahI kiyA jA sakatA / vaha avibhAgI hai / kundakunda kA yaha vicAra do hajAra varSa pUrva kA hai / vinA prayogazAlA ke tathA lAiTa, yatra ke vinA hI unhone paramANu ko apane divya netro eva divya jJAna kI parakhanalI se dekhA thA, phira bhI vaha saTIka utarA / aura ava arabo-kharavo rupayo kI lAgata kI prayogazAlA me vaiThakara vaijJAniko kI tIna-cAra pIDhiyo ke lagAtAra prayoga karate rahane ke bAda bhI dekhie ki unhone paramANu ke viSaya me kyA khoja kI hai ? unakA yaha kathana paThanIya hai"We can not see atoms either and never shall be able too even if they were a million times bigger it would still be impossible to see them even with the most powerful microscope that has been made" arthAt hama loga paramANu ko na to dekha sake haiM aura na Age bhI dekha sakeMge / bhale hI dasa lAkha paramANu eka sAtha bhI mila jAveM, to bhI hama use zaktizAlI dUravIna se bhI nahI dekha skeNge|

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pariziSTa-2 kundakunda-navanIta SaDdravya-varNana 1 jIvA poggalakAyA dhammAdhammA taheva aagaas| atthittamhi ya NiyadA aNaNNamaiyA aNumahatA // (paJcAstikAya, 4) -jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, tathA AkAza ye astitva me niyata, mananyamaya aura aNumahAn haiM / astikAya kA svarUpa2 jesi atthi sahAo guNehiM saha pajjaehiM vivihehiM / te hoti atthikAyA NippaNNa jehiM tellokka // (paJcAstikAya, 5) -jinhe vividha guNo aura paryAyo ke sAtha apanatva hai, ve astikAya haiM, jinase tIno loka niSpanna haiM / astikAyo kA svabhAvaaNNoNNa pavisatA detA ogaasmnnnnmnnnnss| melatA vi ya Nicca saga sabhAva Na vijahati // (paJcAstikAya, 7) -ve eka-dUsare me praveza karate haiM, anyonya avakAza dete hai,paraspara mila

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AcArya kundakunda / 91 -ryAyo rahina dravya aura dravya rahita paryAyeM nahI hotI / zramaNo ne dono ke ananyabhAva ko prarUpita kiyA hai / 8 - dravya ke vinA guNa nahI hote aura guNoM ke vinA dravya nahI hotA / isalie dravya aura guNo kA avyatiriktabhAva hai / dravya aura guNo kA sambandha- veNa viNA Na guNA guNehiM davva viNA Na sabhavadi / avvadiritto bhAvo davvaguNANa havadi tamhA // ( paJcA0 13 ) sattA kA abhAva nahIM hotA bhAvasya Natthi NAso Natthi abhAvassa ceva uppAdo / guNapajjaesu bhAvA uppAdava pakuvvati // ( paJcA0 15 ) --bhAva kA nAza nahI hai tathA abhAva kA utpAda nahI hai / bhAva hI guNaparyAyo me utpAda eva vyaya karate haiM / 10 11 dravyoM ke guNa eva paryAyeM - bhAvA jIvAdIyA jIvaguNA cedaNA ya uvaogo / suraNaraNArayatiriyA jIvassa ya pajjayA bahugA // ( paJcA0 16 ) - jIvAdi hI 'bhAva' haiM / jIva ke guNa cetanA tathA upayoga haiM aura jIva kI paryAyeM deva, manuSya, nAraka, tiryaJcarUpa aneka haiM / sattA kA nAza nahIM hotA- mANusattaNeNa NaTTho dehI devo havedi idaro vA / ubhayattha jIvabhAvo Na Nassadi Na jAyade aNNo // (paJcA0 17 )

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94 / AcArya kundakunda 19 - sabhI paramANuo se mizrita piNDa 'skandha' kahalAtA hai, aura skandha se AdhA 'skandhadeza', usase bhI AdhA 'skandha pradeza' aura avibhAgI aza ko 'paramANu' kahA gayA hai / 20 skandha ke vividha rUpa- khadha sayalasamattha tassa du addha bhaNati deso tti / addhaddha ca padeso paramANU ceva avibhAgI // ( paJcA0 75 ) 21. --- pRthvI, parvata Adi prathama ati sthUlasthUla-skandha kahe gae haiM aura ghI, jala, tela Adi dUsare sthUla-skandha haiM, yaha jAnanA caahie| bhUpavvadamAdIyA bhaNidA adithUlathUlamidi khadhA / thUlA idi viSNeyA sappo - jala-telamAdIyA // ( niyamasAra 22 ) 22 chAyAtavamAdIyA thUledara khadamidi viyANAhi / suhumathUledi bhaNidA khadhA cauravakhavisayA ya // ( niyamasAra 23 ) chAyA, dhUpa Adi tIsare prakAra ke sthUla sUkSma skandha haiM, aura cAra indriyo ke viSayabhUta skandha cauthe prakAra ke sUkSma-sthUla kahe gae hai / humAhavaMti khaMdhA pAoggA kammavaggaNassa puNo / vvivadA khadhA adisumA idi parUveti // ( niyamasAra 24 ) - puna karma-vargaNA ke yogya skandha pAMcaveM prakAra ke arthAt sUkSma hote hai| unake viparIta karmavargaNA ke ayogya skandha chaThaveM-- ati sUkSma hote haiM, aisA sarvajJo ne kahA hai /

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AcArya kundakunda /97 -kAla pariNAma se utpanna hotA hai (arthAt vyavahArakAla kA mApa jIva-pudgalo ke pariNAma dvArA hotA hai) / pariNAma dravyakAla se utpanna hotA hai / yaha, dono kA svabhAva hai| kAla kSaNabhagura tathA nitya hai| AtmA kA svarUpa-varNana 31 zarIra evaM jIva eka nahIMvavahAraNao bhAsadi jIvo deho ya havadi khalu ekko| Na du Nicchayassa jIvo deho ya kadAvi ekkaTTho / (samayasAra 27) -vyavahAra-naya kahatA hai ki jIva aura deha vastuta eka haiM aura nizcaya naya ke abhiprAya ke anusAra to jIva aura deha kabhI eka padArtha nahIM haiN| jIva kA svarUpa32 arasamarUvamagadha avvatta cedaNAguNamasadda / jANa aliMgaragahaNa jIvamaNihiTThasaThANa / / (samayasAra 49) ---jo rasarahita hai, rUparahita hai, gandharahita hai, indriyo ke agocara hai, cetanA-guNa se yukta hai, zabdarahita hai, kisI cihna yA indriya dvArA jisakA grahaNa nahI hotA aura jisakA AkAra batAyA nahIM jA sakatA, use jIva (AtmA) jaano| 33 jAnI jIva ke bhAva jJAnamaya hI hote haiMkaNayamayA bhAvAdo jAyate kuDalAdayo bhaavaa| ayamayayA bhAvAdojaha jAyate du kddyaadii|

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98 /mAcArya kundakunda aNNANamayA bhAvA aNANiNo bahuvihA vi jaayte| NANissa du NANamayA sanve bhAvA tahA hoti / (samayasAra 130, 131) -jisa prakArasvarNamaya bhAva se kuNDala Adi bhAva utpanna hote haiM tathA lohamaya bhAva se kaDA Adi bhAva utpanna hote haiM, isI prakAra ajJAnI ke aneka prakAra ke ajJAnamaya bhAva utpanna hote haiM tathA jJAnI ke samasta jJAnamaya bhAva hote haiN| zubha evaM azubhadono hI bhAva vandha ke kAraNa hai34 sovaNNiya pi Niyala vadhadi kAlAyasa pi jaha puris| badhadi eva jIva suhamasuha vA kada kmm|| (samayasAra 146) -jisa prakAra sone kI beDIbhI puruSa ko bAMdhatI hai aura lohe kI veDI bhI bAMdhatI hai, usI prakAra zubha-azubha kiyA huA karma bhI jIva ko vAMdhatA hai arthAt zubha eva azubha dono hI bandha ke kAraNa haiN| rAga hI bandha kA mUla kAraNa35 ratto vadhadi kamma mucadi jIvo viraagspnnnno| eso jiNovadezo tamhA kammesu mA rajja // (samayasAra 150) -rAgI jIva karmoM ko bAMdhatA hai aura virAgI jIva karmoM se chUTatA hai aisA jinendra kA upadeza hai / isalie he bhavya, tU karmoM me rAga mata kara / ___AtmA kA pudgalo ka sAtha koI sambandha nahIM36 jaha ko vi Naro japadi amhANa gaamvisynnyrrtttth| Na ya hoti tANi tassa dU bhaNadi ya moheNa so appA / / (samayasAra 325)

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AcArya kundakunda | 111 -jisa prakAra suputra ke vinA vipula dhana aura baDe-baDe kheto kA honA vyartha hai, tathA acche pAna ke vinA dAna denA nirarthaka hai usI prakAra bhAvo ke vinA vrata, guNa aura cAritra kA pAlana bhI niSphala hai| hiMsaka svabhAva vAle dharma-nAzaka hai38 vaannr-gddh-saann-gy-vggh-vraah-kraah| pakkhi-jalUya-sahAva Nara jiNavaradhamma-viNAsu // (rayaNa 42) -jo manuSya vandara, gadhA, kuttA, hAthI, bAgha, suara, kachuvA aura pakSI tathA joka ke svabhAva vAle hote haiM, ve jinendradeva ke dharma kA vinAza karate haiN| guru-bhakti ke binA lakSya-prApti asambhava39 rajja pahANahINa padihINa desagAmaraTTha vala / gurubhattihINa-sissANuTThANa Nassade savva / / (rayaNa0 72) -jaise rAjA ke vinA rAjya aura senApati ke vinA deza, grAma, rASTra, sainya surakSita nahI raha pAte, vaise hI guru kI bhakti ke binA ziSyo ke anuSThAna saphala nahIM hote| zramaNo ke lie dUSaNa40 joisavejjAmatovajIvaNa vAyavassa vvhaar| dhaNadhaNNapaDiggahaNa samaNANa dUsaNa hoi|| (rayaNa0 96) -jyotiSa-vidyA aura mantra-vidyA dvArA AjIvikA calAnA tathA bhUta-preta kA pradarzana kara dhana-dhAnyAdi lenA ye sabhI zramaNo ke lie dUSaNa kahe gaye haiN|