Kshama ke Swar

Author(s): Chandraprabhsagar
Publisher: Jain Shwetambar Shree Sangh Colkatta
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003966/1

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biTa kSamA pAspara municandaprabhasAgara For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSamA ke svara lekhaka muni candraprabha sAgara prakAzaka jaina zvetAmbara zrI saMgha, 4, mIra bohara ghATa sTrITa, kalakattA-7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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paryuSaNa parva ke puNya avasara para jaina zvetAmbara zrI saMgha, kalakattA evaM zrI prakAzakumAra, azokakumAra, siddhIrAja daphtarI, kalakattA ke zatapratizata anudAna se prakAzita tathA niHzulka vitarita / AzIrvAda : gurudeva AcArya zrI jinakAnti sAgara sUrIzvara jI ma. preraNA-sUtra : munirAja zrI mahimAprabha sAgara jI ma0, muni zrI lalitaprabha sAgara jI sampAdana : DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina nidezaka, pA0 vi0 zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI prathama saMskaraNa : agasta, 1984 1,100 mudraka : DivAIna prinTarsa, sonArapurA, vArANasI-1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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prastAvanA - muni zrI candraprabhasAgara viracita 'kSamA ke svara' nAmaka grantha ApAtataH AdyopAnta dekhaa| laghukAya hote hue bhI grantha vicAra evaM bhASA kI dRSTi se samRddha hai| granthakAra ne bhAratIya saMskRti kI jaina, hindU aura bauddha tInoM dhArAoM ke prAmANika granthoM ko AdhAra banA kara kSamA ke lakSaNa, bheda evaM svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai| vidvAn lekhaka ne viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie aneka dRSTAntoM kA uddharaNa diyA hai tathA aneka Adhunika prazna upasthita kara unakA samucita samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai| zAstrIya viSaya hone para bhI bhASA janasAdhAraNa ke lie sarvathA bodhagamya hai / paryuSaNa parva kI velA meM zraddhAla jijJAsuoM meM niHzulka vitarita karane ke lie viracita yaha grantha nizcaya hI lokopakAraka hogA, aisI hamArI dhAraNA hai / manuSya ke bhItara rahane vAle rAga, dveSa, moha Adi kleza hI usake mahAn zatru haiN| inake Upara vijaya prApta karanA hI vAstavika vijaya hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra, buddha Adi prAcIna muniyoM, RSiyoM ne inake Upara vijaya ke hI anubhUta upAya batalAe haiN| jagat meM vyApta dainya,, zoSaNa, utpIDana, yuddha, azAnti, bhaya Adi vividha duHkha ina klezoM ke hI bAhya prakSepaNa haiM. inake hI pariNAma haiN| yaha koI saiddhAntika bAta hI nahIM hai, apitu gaharAI ke sAtha cintana karane se yaha For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ kha ] tathya spaSTa hone lagatA hai| jaba taka manuSya meM Antarika parivartana nahIM hotA, vizva kI vartamAna durdazA meM koI parivartana nahIM lAyA jA sktaa| yadi vyakti rAga, dveSAdi se samAna rUpa se pIr3ita hai to purAne zAsakoM ke sthAna para nae zAsaka baiThA dene se yA vyavasthA meM parivartana kara dene se vAstavika krAnti ghaTita nahIM hotii| bar3I-bar3I krAntiyoM kI viphalatA kA bhI kAraNa yahI rahA hai| ataH vyakti meM Antarika parivartana mahattvapUrNa hai / kSamA dveSa kA pratipakSa ( virodhI ) hai / yuddha, kalaha Adi upadravoM kA kAraNa dveSa, krodha Adi hI haiM / kSamA ke abhyAsa se inakA apazama hotA hai / zAnti, sahiSNutA, marSaNa Adi isake paryAya haiN| Apatita duHkha, cAhe vaha prAkRtika ho yA vyAdhijanya ho, usase cittakSobha na honA, dUsare dvArA kiye apakAra se udvigna na honA, kSamA hai / vastuoM ke svabhAva para, unake paraspara kAryakAraNa bhAva para vicAra karane se isa prakAra kI zAnti kA utpAda sambhava hai| utpanna hone para usako citta meM sthira karane ke lie abhyAsa karanA caahie| muni candraprabhasAgara jI abhI yuvA haiN| tejasvI aura pratibhAvAn haiN| isa kSetra meM unase bahuta AzAe~ haiM / hama unakI uttarottara abhyunnati kI AkAMkSA karate haiN| AcArya zAntideva ke nimna vacana se hama apanA vaktavya samApta karate haiM na ca dveSasamaM pApaM na ca kSAntisamaM tapaH / tasmAt kSAntiM prayatnena bhAvayed vividhairnayaH / / ( bodhicaryAvatAra, 6 /2) bhavatu sarvamaMgalam rAmazaMkara tripAThI 19 agasta, zrIkRSNajanmASTamI 1984 adhyakSa, zramaNa vidyAsaMkAya evaM bauddhadarzana vibhAga sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI For Personal & Private Use Only

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kSamA ke svara naitika sAdhanA kA amRta : kSamA sakala dharma-darzana kA prasthAna bindu samabhAva hai| samabhAva hI sAdhanA kA sAra tattva hai| kSamA meM samabhAva kA nivAsa hai| kSamA hI samabhAva kI abhivyakti hai / samabhAva tathA kSamA meM gaharA sambandha hai| donoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM, eka ke binA dUsarA apUrNa hai| inakI prApti ke lie prayAsa karanA hI jIvana yA sAdhanA kA sAra hai| satyataH hamAre AcAra-vicAra kA kendrabindu samabhAva tathA kSamA kI upalabdhi hai| isake samakSa samasta aizvarya vyartha haiN| cAhe gArhasthyamUlaka sthiti ho yA zrAmaNyamUlaka sthiti, antarAtmA meM lagAtAra kSamA evaM samatA kI abhivaddhi hI zreyaskara mAnya hai| gRhastha yadi ina donoM se cyuta hai, to vaha apane jIvana ke amRtatva se cyuta hai| sAdhaka yadi inase vaJcita hai, to vaha apanI sAdhanA ke phala se vaJcita hai / inake abhAva meM usakI sAdhanA bAdhita ho jaaegii| ___ vastutaH caitasika jIvana kI svAbhAvika pravRtti yahI hai ki vaha bAharI evaM Antarika udvegoM, uttejanAoM tathA saMvedanAoM se utpanna tanAva kA anta kara samabhAva yA samatA kI sthApanA kre| samatA kI sthApanA se cetanA kI UrjAoM kA kendrIyakaraNa hotA hai ; phalasvarUpa citta-zAnti kI prApti hotI hai| kSamAzIla vyavahAra kA lakSya pUrNa zAnti kI prApti hai| samatA se vItarAgatA kI prApti hotI hai| vItarAgatA se manuSya parama pada ko prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra vItarAgatA kI sAdhanA kA mala kSamA hai| yahI mokSamArga kI AdhArazilA hai| isI ke Aloka meM manuSya apanI nirvANa-yAtrA pUrNa karatA hai| zAstra meM eka prasaMga hai, jo ki isa prakAra hai guru ne ziSya se kahA, "hameM svayaM ko upazamabhAva rakhanA cAhiye aura dUsaroM ko bhI upazAnta rakhanA caahiye| jo upazAnta yA kSamAvanta hai, usakI hI ArAdhanA ( sAdhanA ) saphala hai, jo upazAnta yA kSamAvanta nahIM hai, usakI ArAdhanA vyartha ho jAtI hai|" ziSya ne pUchA, "bhante ! aisA kisalie ?" For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 2 ] garu ne pratyuttara diyA, "upazama yA kSamA zrAmaNya jIvana arthAta sAdhanA kA sAra hai|"1 ataeva yaha bAta sApha hai ki sAdhanA kI jar3a kSamA hai| sAdhanA kI daSTi se kSamAvAn puruSa tIna prakAra ke kaha sakate haiM-1. kSamAvAdI-jo kSamA ko siddhAnta-rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai; apanAtA nahIM, 2. kSamAdhArI--jo kSamA dhAraNa karatA hai arthAt vyavahAra meM use apanAtA hai aura 3. kSamAmaya -jisakA jIvana kSamA se paripUrNa hai arthAt jisakA kSamA hI sarvasva hai| manuSya kramaza: inakA sAdhaka banatA hai / kSamAmaya kI sthiti kSamA kI carama pariNati hai| yaha kSamAmaya sthiti vyakti ko vItarAga-dazA taka pahu~cA detI hai| niSkarSa yahI hai ki kSamA samatA kI nIMva hai / kSamA ke binA samatA kA mahala nirmita nahIM ho sktaa| ___ aba yahA~ para hama sAdhanA ke rAjamArga kSamA kA vizleSaNa | vivecana kreNge| kSamA kA vyautpattika artha aura arthavistAra : kSamA zabda kI vyutpatti 'kSam' dhAtu se hotI hai| 'kSam' dhAtu meM 'a' pratyaya jor3ane para 'kSama' zabda banatA hai / strIliMga meM isI kSama zabda se 'TAp' pratyaya saMlagna karane para 'kSamA' zabda banatA hai, jo sahanazIlatA kA vAcaka hai / kSamA zabda mUlataH sahana zakti kA hI vAcaka hai, kintu prayoga ke AdhAra para isake maulika artha meM kucha parivarddhana bhI dikhAI par3atA hai| jaise koI aparAdhI prArthanA karate hue jaba yaha kahatA hai ki 'kRpayA kSamA kara dIjiye' to yahA~ isa kathana meM bhUla yA aparAdha hone para use svIkAra karate hue yaha prArthanA karanA ki bhaviSya meM aisA kAma nahIM kareMge, isa bAra hameM dayApUrvaka chor3a dIjiye / yaha kSamA zabda kA artha-vistAra hai| kSamAzIla titikSu hotA hai| vaha dUsaroM dvArA pahu~cAe hue kaSToM ko cupacApa sahana karatA hai| pratikAra kA isameM koI sthAna nahIM hotaa| - kSamA AtmA kA dharma hai| ataH isakA sambandha sIdhe AtmA se hI hai / Atmika kSamA kA tAtparya kaSTa aura pIr3A dene vAle ke prati 1. kalpasUtra, samAcArI tRtIya vAcanA, satra 59. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 3 ] kisI prakAra kA Akroza yA dveSa na rakhakara use sahana karanA, jabaki vyAvahArika kSamA kA artha hai- aparAdhoM ke prati bhI madhura vyavahAra karanA | kSamA mana, , vacana aura kAyA - tInoM kA saMgama hai / ataH vaha mAnasika, vAcika, aura kAyika tInoM prakAra kI ho sakatI hai / titikSA, sahiSNutA, baradAzta, sahanazIlatA, gamakhorI Adi kSamA ke paryAyavAcI haiM / upazama, akrodha Adi ke rUpa meM bhI kSamA zabda prayukta huA hai| isase isake artha-vistAra meM aura bar3hottarI huI hai / parantu upazama, akrodha evaM kSamA ko zAstrIya dRSTi se samIkSita kareM to inameM paraspara antara bhI pAte haiM / yaha antara saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai kSamA aura upazama : upazama zabda meM 'upa' upasarga hai, jo 'zama' ke sAtha prayukta hokara usake artha ko vizeSatA pradAna karatA hai / 'zama' zabda 'zam' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai - ' zAnti' / ataH isa artha meM hama kSamA aura upazama- donoM ko ekArthaka mAnate haiM / lekina upazama zabda zAMti kA dyotaka hote hue bhI kSamA se bhinna artha rakhatA hai| upazama meM indriyoM yA manovikAroM ko upazamita kiyA jAtA hai / unheM vaza meM kiyA jAtA hai, dabAyA yA ghaTAyA jAtA hai / sAmAnya koTi kI kSamA upazama ke lie Avazyaka hai / kintu ucca koTi kI kSamA upazama ke bAda hI sambhava hai / mana ke vikAroM grasta vyakti kI kSamA kathamapi uttama nahIM ho sakatI / mahAbhArata meM yudhiSThira ko parama kSamAzIla kahA gayA hai, kyoMki unakA citta zAnta thA / unheM loga hara taraha se burA-bhalA kahate, una para AkSepa tathA AghAta karate, kintu yudhiSThira upazamita hone ke kAraNa usakA pratikAra nahIM karate the / ataH kSamA kI sAdhanA ke lie upazama prathama sopAna hai / kSamA aura akrodha : upazama kI bhAMti akrodha bhI kSamA ke 'kSamA aura akrodha yadyapi samAnArthaka artha meM prayukta hote haiM, tathApi vAstavika meM bheda hai / aparAdhI ke prati pratikAra artha meM vyavahRta hotA hai / mAne jAte haiM aura eka hI dRSTi se donoM ke arthoM karane kI bhAvanA utpanna For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 4 ] hone ke bAda viveka Adi se use dabAkara aparAdha ko saha lenA kSamA hai| jabaki pratikAra kI bhAvanA kA utpanna na honA akrodha hai| kSamA meM vyakti sahanazIla hotA hai jaba ki akrodha meM vyakti krodha se hI vihIna hotA hai| akrodha meM vyakti paramahaMsa kI sthiti prApta kara letA hai, jabaki kSamA usa sthiti taka pahu~cane kA sopAna hai| isa taraha sarvaprathama upazama, upazama se kSamA aura kSamA se akrodha kI yAtrA samatvapatha kI kramika yAtrA hai| yadyapi 'hindI zabdasAgara' meM kSamA ko titikSA ke antargata mAnA hai ? lekina hameM ina donoM meM antara nahIM lagatA hai| kyoMki donoM kA artha eka hI hai, zabda-paryAya bhale alaga-alaga ho / kSamA kA svarUpa aura mahattva : kSamA kI paribhASA batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki bAhye cAdhyAtmike caiva duHkhe cotpAdite kvacit / na kupyati na vA hanti, sA kSamA parikIrtitA / / arthAt bAhya aura AdhyAtmika (Antarika) duHkha ke utpanna hone para jo na kupita ho aura na kisI ko kaSTa de, vaha kSamA hai| tattvArthavArtika ke anusAra krodha ke nimitta milane para mana meM kaluSa na honA yA zubha pariNAmoM se krodha Adi kI nivatti kSamA hai|" AcArya kundakunda ne bhI lagabhaga yahI bAta kahI hai ki krodha-utpatti ke bAhya kAraNoM ke prApta hone para bhI krodha na karanA kSamA hai| kSamA citta kI eka prakAra kI sadvRtti hotI hai| isameM dUsaroM dvArA pahu~cAye hue kaSTa, AghAta, AkSepa, atyAcAra, durvyavahAra Adi ko Akrozarahita hokara dhairyapUrvaka sahanA hotA hai / kSamA vastutaH caitasika evaM mAnavIya guNa hai| kSamA vaha auSadhi hai, jo citta kI AkulatA rUpI vyAdhi kA upazamana kara detI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, kSamA vaha gaMgA hai, jo kalaha-paGka ko samApta kara detI hai / kSamA rUpI jala ke siJcana se nirAkulatA kA kalpavRkSa lahalahAtA hai, jisake zAnti rUpI madhura phala kA AsvAdana kara mAnava-samAja Ananda se abhibhUta ho sakatA hai| kSamA kA sAgara agAdha hai / usako krodha kI 1. hindI zabdasAgara, bhAga 3 pRSTha. 1097. 2. tatvArthavArtika, pRSTha 523. 3. dvAdazAnuprekSA, zloka 71 For Personal & Private Use Only

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__ [ 5 ] ci nagArI se garama nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / ataH mAnava-hRdaya meM jaba bhI kSamA kA sAgara laharAyegA, manuSya ke pApa-kalmaSa prakSAlita ho jAyeMge aura mAnava kA devatva kI ora ArohaNa hogaa| kSamA kA mahattva batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki kSamA nirbaloM kA bala hai, balavAnoM kA bhUSaNa hai| saMsAra meM kSamA hI sabako vaza meM karane vAlI hai| kSamA se kyA kucha nahIM sAdhA jA sakatA kSamA balamazaktAnAM, zaktAnAM bhUSaNaM kSamA / ___ kSamA vazIkRtirloke, kSamayA kinna sAdhyate // bhAratIya AcAra-darzana meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie kSamA ko anivArya mAnA gayA hai| isase pUrva saJcita duHkhadAyI karma kSINa ho jAte haiM aura vidvaSa evaM bhaya se yukta citta zuddha ho jAtA hai| manISiyoM kI dRSTi meM kSamA hI adhyAtmajagat kA sArabhUta tattva hai ____kSAntireva mahAdAnaM, kSAntireva mahAtapaH / kSAntireva mahAjJAnaM, kSAntireva mahAdamaH / / arthAt kSAnti (kSamA) hI mahAdAna hai, mahAtapa hai, mahAjJAna hai aura yahI mahAdamana hai| __ kSamA kA cira mahatva hai| mahAtmA kabIra ne to kSamAzIlatA meM hI prabhu kA nivAsa sthAna mAnA hai--- jahA~ dayA taha~ dharma hai, jahA~ lobha taha~ pApa / jahA~ krodha taha kAla hai, jahA~ chimA taha~ Apa // ' vastutaH kSamA zAnti kA amogha astra hai / jisake hAtha meM kSamAzastra hai, usakA durjana kyA kara sakatA hai ? tRNavihIna agni to svata: zAnta ho jAtI hai / 'kSamAvato jayo nityaM sAdhoriha satAM matam' kI ukti ke anusAra kSamAvAn kI nitya hI jaya hotI hai, aisA satpuruSoM kA mata hai| niSkarSa yahI hai ki sAMsArika pakSa evaM AdhyAtmika pakSa donoM meM kSamA kA mahatva nirvivAda hai| samatA evaM bhAIcAre ke nirmANa meM kSamA se bar3hakara dUsarA koI upAya nahIM hai| kSamA ke do rUpa : sAdhAraNataH jIvana jIne ke do patha haiM-1. gArhasthya jIvana aura 1. kSamayA kSIyate kama, duHkhadaM pUrvasaJcitam / cittauM ca jAyate zuddha, vidvapabhayavarjitam / / 2. uddhRta, vRhat sUkti koza, bhAga 3, paSTha 35 / For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 6 ] 2. muni jiivn| donoM kI jIvanacaryA pRthak-pRthak hai| ataH sAmAnya-vizeSa kI apekSA se kSamA ke do rUpa haiM-1. gRhastha se. sambandhita kSamA aura 2. sAdhaka se sambandhita kSamA / gahastha patnI aura bAla-baccoM vAle hote haiM / jaba ki sAdhaka gRhastha-jIvana se mukta hote haiM / ve sAMsArika prapaMcoM se dUra, tyAgI aura virakta hote haiM / aise byakti AdhyAtmika, paropakArI evaM sadAcArI hote haiN| sahanazIlatA unakI sAdhanA kA abhinna aMga hotA hai| isalie gRhastha tathA sAdhaka-donoM kI kSamA meM paryApta antara hai / sAdhAraNataH gRhastha sAmAnya kSamA kA bhAgIdAra hotA hai aura sAdhaka uttama kSamA kA pAtra hotA hai| gRhastha ke apane kartavya hote haiN| ataeva unakI kSamA meM bhI kartavya-parAyaNatA hotI hai| ataH gRhastha prasaMga Ane para krodha kara sakatA hai, dUsaroM para AghAta kara sakatA hai| gRhastha ko AtmarakSArtha aisA karane ke lie bAdhya honA par3atA hai| usa bAdhyatA meM dveSa kI bhAvanA nahIM hotI hai| jaise-hamAre rASTra meM koI pakSa yA gaTa aparAdha karatA hai| aba yadi hamAre rASTrapati unake aparAdhoM ko sahana karate raheM, unheM daNDa na deM, to yaha anaitika hai / aparAdhiyoM ko daNDa denA hI rASTrapati yA nyAyAdhIza kA kartavya hai| aisA karane se unakI kSamAzIlatA para koI AMca nahIM aaegii| kAraNa, aparAdhiyoM ke prati na to unakA rAga-bhAva hotA hai, na dveSabhAva / yaha to kevala kartavya kA pAlana karanA hai| eka nIti vAkya hai ki kSamA zatrau ca mitre ca, yatInAmeva bhUSaNam / aparAdhiSu sattveSu, nRpANAM saiva dUSaNam // 1 arthAt zatrutA aura mitratA meM yatiyoM kA bhUSaNa kSamA hai| kintu aparAdhiyoM meM rAjAoM ke lie vahI dUSaNa hai| ____ mAna lIjiye, isI taraha koI deza kisI deza para AkramaNa karatA hai| tadartha usake sabhI dezavAsiyoM kA yaha karttavya hotA hai ki ve apane deza kI rakSA kreN| yaha yuddha dveSavaza nahIM hotA, apitu dezarakSA yA deza ke gaurava kI rakSA hetu hotA hai| muhammada gorI ne pRthvIrAja se satraha-bAra yuddha kiyaa| vaha pratyeka bAra parAjita huA 1. saMskRta zloka saMgraha, pRSTha 55. anuccheda 2, zloka 4. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 7 ] aura bandI bnaa| kintu pRthvIrAja ne satrahoM bAra usake aparAdhoM ko kSamA kara diyA aura hara bAra use mukta kara diyaa| pRthvIrAja kSamAvIra thaa| zAstra kahatA hai 'kSamAzastraM kare yasya, durjanaH ki kariSyati' arthAt jisake pAsa kSamA-zastra hai, usakA durjana kyA kara sakatA hai| yadyapi pRthvIrAja kI yaha kSamA kSAtra-dharma kI dRSTi se ucita ho, kintu vaha kSamA kA atireka hI thaa| gahastha ke lie kSamA kI eka sImA hai| usake lie kATanA manA hai; phaphakAranA Avazyaka hai| anyathA usakA, usake samAja aura deza kA astitva hI khatare meM hogaa| ___ muni kI kSamAzIlatA bhinna hai| vaha saMgrAma Adi ke vAtAvaraNa se sudara hai| vaha na kevala bAhara se apitu andara se bhI kSamA kA pujArI hotA hai| mahAtmA kabIra kA nimna kathana isI kI puSTi karatA hai khoda khAda dharatI sahai, kAla kUTa banarAya / kuTila vacana sAdhu sahai, aura se sahA na jAya // 1 sAdhaka dUsaroM dvArA pahu~cAe hue parISahoM se vicalita nahIM hotA / vaha to unheM zAntipUrvaka sahana karatA hai| yadi vaha parISahoM se udvigna ho jAtA hai, to usakI sAdhanA hI dhUmila ho jaaegii| ataH parISaha to usakI sAdhanA kI kasauTI hai| udAharaNa ke lie hama bIja ko lete haiM / bIja tabhI aMkurita hotA hai, jaba use pAnI ke sAtha dhapa bhI milatI hai| donoM kI upalabdhi se hI bIja vakSa kA rUpa le sakatA hai| isI prakAra sAdhanA meM anukala sthiti ke sAtha pratikUla sthiti bhI utpanna hotI hai| donoM prakAra kI sthiti para vijaya prApta karane se hI sAdhaka sAdhya kI siddhi kara sakatA hai| parISaha ke Ane para hI sAdhaka ke kruddha hone kI zakyatA rahatI hai| 'khantIe NaM parIsahe jiNai' arthAt kSamA se parISahoM para vijaya prApta kI jAtI hai| parISaha bAIsa prakAra ke hote haiN| sAdhaka ina parISahoM se spRSTa--AkrAnta hone para vicalita nahIM hotaa| ve isa prakAra haiM 1. kSudhA-parISaha, 2. pipAsA-parISaha, 3. zIta-parISaha, 4. uSNaparISaha, 5. daMza-mazaka-parISaha, 6. acela-parISaha, 7. arati-parISaha, 1. kabIra vAGamaya, khaNDa 3, pRSTha 355. 2. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 26 / 46. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 8 ] 8. strI-parISaha, 9. caryA-parISaha, 10. niSadyA-parISaha, 11. zayyAparISaha, 12. Akroza-parISaha, 13. vadha-parISaha, 14. yAcanAparISaha, 15. AyAma-parISaha, 16. roga-parISaha, 17. tRNa-sparzaparISaha, 18. mala-parISaha, 19. satkAra-puraskAra-parISaha, 20. prajJAparISaha, 21. ajJAna-parISaha, 22. drshn-priissh| jo sAdhaka uparyukta parISahoM ke Ane para kaddha aura udvigna nahIM hotA; zAnti se unheM sahana karatA hai, vaha apanI sAdhanA meM saphalatA prApta karatA hai / zAstroM meM kahA hai ki sAdhaka ko jo bhI kaSTa ho, vaha use prasannacitta se sahana kre|' jo apanI sAdhanA meM udvigna nahIM hotA, vahI vIra sAdhaka prazaMsita hotA hai| yahI sAdhaka kI saccI kSamAzIlatA hai| 'jaise ko taisA' vAlI nIti ghAtaka : tuma para ho jisakA jo bhAva / usase karo vahI bartAva // 4 'jaise ko taisA' eka nIti vacana hai| katipaya vidvAn isa nIti ko hI eka mAtra vyAvahArika mAnate haiN| hindI yuga pravartaka mahAvIra prasAda dvivedI ne ise ucita mAnA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki kapaTI kuTila vyaktiyoM ke sAtha kapaTa aura kuTilatA karanA hI samIcIna hai| unhoMne likhA hai kapaTI kuTila manuSyoM se jo jaga meM kapaTa na karate haiM / ve matimanda mUr3ha nara, vizvaya, pAya parAbhava marate haiM / / unameM kara praveza phira unako zaTha yoM mAra girAte haiN| kavacahIna tanu se jyoM paine bANa prANa le jAte haiM / jabaki bhagavAn mahAvIra 'jaise ko taisA' isa nIti ke virodhI haiM / ve kahate haiM taheva kANaM kANetti, paMDagaM paMDage ti vA / vAhiyaM vA vi rogi tti, teNaM core tti no ve|| 1. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 2. 3. (vistRta jAnakArI ke lie 'uttarAdhyayana' kA dvitIya adhyAya 'parISaha pravibhakti' draSTavya hai|) 2. sUtrakRtAMga, 1. 9. 31. 3. AcArAMga, 1. 2. 4. 4. maithilIzaraNagupta kRta 'hindU', pRSTha 91. 5. dvivedI kAvyamAlA, pRSTha 281. 6. dazakAlikasUtra, 7. 11. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 9 ] arthAt-'kAne ko kAnA, napuMsaka ko napuMsaka, vyAdhigrasta ko rogI aura cora ko cora bhI na khe|' kyoMki yaha bhASA kaThora aura prANiyoM kA upaghAta karane vAlI, coTa pahu~cAne vAlI hai| yaha satyavacana hote hue bhI pApa kA bandhana karane vAlI hai| _ 'jaise ko taisA' kI nIti kalaha kI jar3a hai| oha ! galatI ho gaI/mApha kIjiye kSamya ha~ saoNrI Adi zabda vAkya loka-prasiddha haiM / ye hRdaya kI saralatA ko sUcita karate haiM jabaki 'jaise ko taisA' kI nIti vidveSa bhAvanA se panapatI hai| vidveSa saba meM hai| zurU meM pArasparika chIMTA-kasI hI hotI hai| kintu bAda meM vahI agni meM ghRta kA kAma kara jAtI hai / bAta kA bataMgar3a banane meM vilamba nahIM lagatA / 'tU-tU', 'maiM-maiM' kI ahaM-vatti kA vistAra hotA jAtA hai| usa samaya unheM kalahapaGka meM lipta na hone kA sujhAva denA bhI arthahIna ho jAtA hai / ___antarrASTrIya stara meM bhI 'jaise ko taisA' kI nIti ghAtaka hI siddha huI hai| Aja vizvayuddha kI sambhAvanA spaSTa hai / hamAre rASTra meM paJjAba Adi pradezoM kI bhI yahI sthiti hai| sacamuca, jaise ko taisA kI nIti vidhvaMzaka hai| isase hamArI pArasparika khAiyoM ko pATane kI apekSA upekSaNIya hai| isase to ve aura adhika gaharI aura caur3I banatI jAtI haiN| isase to vaira kI paramparA bar3hatI hI hai, ghaTatI nhiiN| vaira ke yauvana meM vRddhatva kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai| manuSya mara sakatA hai, lekina gaira sadaiva jIvita hI rahatA hai| vaira kA utpattisthAna 'jaise ko taisA' kI nIti hai| kSamA vIratA hai, kAyaratA nahIM : __ yaha kahA gayA hai ki kSamA vIroM kA bhUSaNa hai, kAyaroM kA nahIM hai| yadyapi kahA jAtA hai, kSamA kAyaratA kI nizAnI hai| donoM hI jana-zrutiyA~ haiM, kintu donoM meM pArasparika virodha hai| vAstavikatA ke bodha ke lie donoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana apekSita hai| vastutaH donoM kA kSamA kA, kAyaratA ke sAtha sambandha sthApita karanA anupayukta hai| paraspara koI sambandha nahIM hai| kAyaratA mizrita sahanazIlatA ko kSamAzIlatA kabhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / loga kahate haiM, kSamA vahI vyakti karatA hai, jo azakta, nirbala yA Darapoka hai kintu yathArthataH aisA nahIM hai| kSamAzIlatA na to azaktatA hai, na 1. dazagekAlika sUtra, 7. 12. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 10 1 nirbalatA aura na hI DarapokatA / hama dekhate haiM ki kAyara vyakti vahI hotA hai jisameM utsAha, bala yA sAhasa kI kamI hotI hai / jabaki kSamA meM inakI kamI ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai / adhikAMzataH kSamAvanta inase sampanna hotA hai / nirbala kA bala kitanA ? ataH balavAnoM ke lie nirbaloM kA anucita kArya sadaiva kSamya hai / kabIra ne ThIka hI kahA hai 1 chimA bar3ena ko cAhie, choTana ko utpAta / kahA viSNu ko ghaTa gayo, jo bhRgu mArI lAta / / 1 kSamAvAn pratyeka sthiti - cAhe vaha anukUla ho yA pratikUla-kA sAmanA kara letA hai / kAyara meM sahanazakti vAhya hotI hai, Antarika nahIM / vaha pratikAra karanA cAhatA hai kintu kara nahIM pAtA, vaha kSamAzIla nahIM hai / jabaki kSamAzIla pratikAra karanA hI nahIM cAhatA / kSamA meM palAyanavAditA nahIM hotI hai / kAyaratA to apane janma ke sAtha palAyanavAditA kI utpreraNA detI haiM / kSamA meM dhairya aura puruSArtha ke svara hote haiM / kAyara to bhAgya ke caraNoM meM soyA rahatA hai / kAyara uttejita to hotA hai, parantu vaha bhItara se bhayabhIta rahatA hai aura isI kAraNa aparAdhI kA pratikAra nahIM karatA hai jabaki kSamAzIla sadaiva niDara hotA hai / jaba vaha kisI kI burAI cAhatA nahIM, karatA nahIM aura apane prati burAI karane vAloM para kabhI krodha karatA nahIM, taba bhalA vaha bhayabhIta kyoM hogA / kSamAvAn kI upamA pRthvI aura vRkSa Adi se kI gaI hai| sacce kSamAvAn ko prANoM kA bhaya bhI nahIM rahatA / premacanda 'raMgabhUmi' meM kahate haiM, 'prANabhaya se dubaka jAnA kAyaroM kA kAma hai / ' pratiyogI se Dara kara bhAga jAnA kAyaratA hai / sAhasa, bala, vIrya hote hue bhI pratiyogI kA pratikAra na karanA kSamA hai | kSamA meM bhaya kI anupasthiti nitAnta jarUrI hai / kAyaratA kI paravazatA meM manuSya aparAdha yA bhUleM karatA hai / jabaki kSamA kI bhAgIrathI meM una aparAdhoM ke kalmaSa dhoye jAte haiM / kSamAvanta apane antaraMga ke zatruoM - krodha, dveSa Adi ko parAsta karane kI socatA hai / kAyara bAhya zatruoM se mukAbalA kara bhI sakatA hai, lekina Antarika zatruoM ko jItanA usake lie Ter3hI khIra hai / hama svayaM anubhava kara sakate haiM ki krodha-zatru ko jIvana-durga se 1. udadhRta -- vRhatsUkti koza, bhAga 3, pRSTha 35. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[11] nikAlanA kitanA duSkara hai| sarpa ko yA zatru ko mArA jA sakatA hai kintu krodha rUpI sarpa zatru ko mAra bhagAnA duSkara hai / ___ isIlie kSamA ko vIratA kahA gayA hai, vIroM kA alaGkAra kahA gayA hai| vIroM ko hI kSamA alaMkRta kara sakatI hai| dinakara kA adho aMkita sUkta vacana kitanA saTIka hai kSamA zobhatI usa bhujaMgako, jisake pAsa garala ho| usako kyA, jo daMtahIna, viSarahita vinIta sarala ho|' vijayavallabhasUri ke anusAra jo namra banakara, sarala aura zuddha hokara dUsaroM ke doSoM ko kSamA kara detA hai evaM apane anucita vyavahAroM ke lie kSamA mAMga letA hai, vaha sacce arthoM meM vIra hai| tirukkUralakAra kA kathana hai ki moM kI asabhyatA ko cehare para binA eka salavaTa lAye sahana kara lenA vIratA hai| jo pIr3A dene vAloM ko badale meM pIr3A dete haiM, vidvajjana unheM sammAna nahIM dete; kintu jo apane zatraoM ko kSamA kara dete haiM, ve svarNa ke samAna bahumUlya mAne jAte haiM / sthAnAMgasUtra meM cAra prakAra ke zUravIroM kA ullekha huA hai, jinameM kSamAzUra sarvaprathama haiN| mahAbhArata meM isa sambandha meM eka-do mahattvapUrNa padya milate haiM, jisameM kSamA ko vIratA kahA gayA hai, kAyaratA nahIM / usameM likhA hai ekaH kSamAvatAM doSo dvitIyo nopapadyate / yadenaM kSamayA yuktazaktaM manyate janaH / / so'sya doSo na mantavyaH kSamAhi paramaM balam / kSamAguNo hyazaktAnAM, zaktAnAM bhUSaNaM kSamA / ' arthAt kSamAzIla puruSoM meM eka hI doSa kA Aropa hotA hai, dUsare kI to sambhAvanA hI nahIM hai| vaha doSa yaha hai ki kSamAzIla manuSya ko loga asamartha samajha lete haiM / kintu kSamAzIla puruSa kA vaha 1. uddhRt bRhat sUktikoza, bhAga 3. pRSTha. 37. 2. uddhRt khAmemi savve jIve, pRSTha 8. 3. tirukkurala, uddhRta-tIrthakara, akTabara, 1883. 4. sthAnAMga, 4. 3. 317. 5. mahAbhArata, udyogaparva, 30. 48-49. . For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 12 ] doSa nahIM mAnanA cAhiye; kyoMki kSamA bahuta bar3A bala hai| kSamA asamartha manuSyoM kA guNa tathA samarthoM kA bhUSaNa hai| kSamA zatrutA kI vinAzikA : aMgrejI kahAvata hai, 'to err is human to forgive is divine.' arthAta galatI karanA insAna kA kAma hai; use kSamA karanA paramAtmA kA kAma / yathArthataH yaha sahI hai ki galatI karanA manuSya kA svabhAva hai| kintu dUsaroM kI galatiyoM ko kSamA karanA daivIya guNa hai| yadi galatiyoM (aparAdhoM) ko kSamA nahIM kiyA jAvegA aura aparAdhI ko daNDita karane kI hI bhAvanA dRr3hatara hotI jAvegI to isase eka dUsare ke prati zatrutA kI gAMTha majabUta hotI jaavegii| kSamA daNDa se adhika puruSocita evaM vIrocita hai| saMsAra meM aisI galatiyA~ evaM aparAdha kama haiM, jinheM hama cAheM aura kSamA na kara skeN| dUsaroM kI bhUloM ko vismaraNa kara denA bhI kSamA karane jitanA hI zreyaskara hai| apanI bhUloM, galatiyoM yA aparAdhoM ko kabhI bhI kSamA nahIM karanA caahie| aisI kSamA, kSamA hote hue bhI vighAtaka hai| tiruvalluvara kA kathana hai ki jo loga burAI kA badalA lete haiM, buddhimAna unakA sammAna nahIM karate, kintu jo apane zatruoM ko kSamA kara dete haiM, ve svarNa ke samAna bahamUlya samajhe jAte haiN| vAstava meM kSamA karane kA Ananda to usI samaya AtA hai, jaba manuSya apane zatru ko kSamA karatA hai, zatrutA ko samApta karane ke lie kSamAzastra kA prayoga karatA hai| yadi manuSya apane zatru ke lie apanI krodha rUpI bhaTTI ko garama karegA to vaha bhaTTI usako svayaM bhUnakara rAkha kara degii| satyataH zatru se zatrutA karanA zatrutA ko dunA karanA hai| zatru zatrutA karatA hai aura phira dUsaroM kI zatrutA kA bhAgI hotA hai / isa taraha se zatrutA Age bar3hatI jAtI hai, jaise Aga se aag| kSamA eka aisA mAdhyama hai jo zatru se maitrI ke TUTe tAroM ko jor3a detI hai| apanI zItalatA se dasare kI krodha rUpI Aga ko zAMta kara detI hai / zatrutA kI samApti ke lie kSamA se bar3hakara anya koI sAdhana nahIM hai| sacce mAvanta kA yaha dharma hotA hai ki vaha apane 1. uddhRt,-vizvasUktikoza, bhAga 2, pRSTha 118. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 13 ] zatru kA hRdaya bhI na duHkhAe, usakI bhI bhalAI kare / usake nirmala hRdaya meM prazama, anukampA, vAtsalya Adi bhAva sadaiva chalakate rahanA cAhiye / aisI utkRSTa kSamA tabhI A sakatI hai, jaba vyakti bhUtamAtra ko apane samAna samajhe / aisA vyakti hI apane zatru ko kSamA aura prema kara sakatA hai | kSamA sacamuca mahAn hai / yaha hRdaya kA uttama dharma tathA mAnavIyabhAvoM meM sarvopari hai / AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA hai atthi satyaM pareNa paraM, natthi asatthaM pareNa paraM / arthAt zastraeka-se-eka bar3hakara hai, parantu azastra (kSamA), eka-se-eka bar3hakara nahIM hai arthAt kSamA kI sAdhanA se bar3hakara zreSTha dUsarI koI sAdhanA nahIM hai / 1 kSamA hArdika ho, yAntrika nahIM : Aja manuSya-jIvana meM bhI yAntrikatA A gaI hai / phalataH usakA vyavahAra bhAvanA zUnya hotA jA rahA hai / Atma-darzana kA abhAva tathA pradarzana kA prabhAva bar3hatA jA rahA hai / ziSTAcAra eka aupacArika ho gayA hai / Aja hama choTe-choTe baccoM ko bhI 'saoNrI-saoNrI' kahate hue suna sakate haiM / yaha kevala aupacArikatA hai / aisI kSamA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se phaladAyaka nahIM ho sakatI / ataH kSamA ko hArdika honA cAhiye / vastutaH kSamA hamAre hRdaya yA manobhAvoM para AdhArita hai| kSamA na karate hue bhI vyakti kSamAvAn, ho sakatA hai aura bAhya rUpa se kSamA karate hue bhI kSamAvAn nahIM hotA / isI taraha krodha na karate hue bhI manuSya krodhI ho sakatA hai aura krodha karate hue bhI krodhI nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai | kSamA aura krodha kartA ke bhAvoM para avalambita haiM,. bAharI kriyA para nahIM / kSamA ke sambandha meM jaina dRSTikoNa : kSamA jaina AcAradarzana kA sArabhUta tattva hai / jaina zAstroM meM kSamA dazalakSaNa dharma kA prathama dharma zukladhyAna kA pahalA Alambana, Arjava kA caturtha sthAna aura saMvara kA tirAlIsavAM bheda' hai / bhUdhara2. tattvArtha sUtra, 9.6. 4 4. vahI, 5. 1.51.. 1. AcArAMgasUtra, ( 1. 3. 4 ) 3. sthAnAMga, 4. 3. 5. draSTavya --- Anandapravacana, bhAga For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 14 ] dAsa ne dazadharma rUpI kalpavRkSa kI jar3a kSamA ko batAyA hai| isakI sAdhanA karake upasargoM aura parISahoM para vijaya prApta kI jAtI hai|' 'kAluSyAnutpattiH kSamA'--apane pariNAmoM meM kaluSatA kI utpatti na honA kSamA hai|' kSamA kA mAhAtmya batAte hue raidhU kahate haiM ki uttama kSamA tIna loka meM sArabhUta hai, janma-maraNa rUpa saMsAra se tArane vAlI hai| kSamA ratnatraya ( samyak-darzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak-cAritra ) ko prApta karAtI hai aura durgati ke duHkhoM kA haraNa karatI hai| kSamA se aneka guNa prApta hote haiM / yaha muniyoM ko priya hai, jJAnIjanoM ke lie cintAmaNi ke samAna hai| manaHsthiratA para isakI prApti hotI hai| raidhU ke matAnusAra kSamA saba prANiyoM ke dvArA pUjya hai / yaha mithyAtva rUpI timira ko dUra karane ke lie maNi ( yA dIpaka ) ke samAna hai| jahA~ asamartha puruSoM ke doSa kSamA kie jAte haiM aura una para roSa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai, jahA~ kaThora vacana sahana kiye jAte haiM aura cetana ke gaNa citta meM dhAraNa kiye jAte haiM, vahA~ uttama kSamA hotI hai, aisA jinendra deva ne kahA hai / ekadA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya gautama ne unase prazna pUchA ki bhante ! kSamA karane se jIva ko kyA prApta hotA hai ? bhagavAn ne uttara diyA ki kSamA karane se vaha mAnasika prasannatA ko prApta karatA hai| mAnasika prasannatA ko prApta huA vyakti saba prANa, bhUta, jIva aura satvoM ke sAtha maitrI-bhAva utpanna karatA hai| maitrI-bhAva ko prApta huA jIva bhAvanA ko vizuddha banAkara nirbhaya ho jAtA hai|" isI taraha eka anya praznottara meM bhagavAn ne gautama ko batAyA ki kSamA se parISahoM para vijaya prApta kI jAtI hai / ' kArtikeya svAmI 1. bhUdharadAsakRta vairAgyabhAvanA, (1) 2. sarvaM yo sahate nityaM, kSamAdevImupAsya saH / pAvat jAyate jitvopasargAzca parISahAn / uddhRta-samyagjJAna, dazalakSaNadharmAka, 1978 pRSTha 3. 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 9. 6. 4. jJAnapITha pUjAJjali, dazalakSaNapUjA, pRSTha 193-194. 5. uttarAdhyayanasa,tra 29. 71. 6. vahI, 29. 46. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 15 ] kahate haiM, jo deva, mAnava tathA tiryaJca pazuoM ke dvArA ghora upasarga pahu~cAne para bhI krodha se tapta nahIM hotA, use hI kSamA-dharma hotA hai|' jo krodha ke utpanna hone ke sAkSAt bAhya kAraNoM ke milane para jarA-sA bhI krodha nahIM karatA hai, vahI kSamA dharma kA ArAdhaka hotA hai| ___ jayavallabha ne kSamA ko bar3e se bar3e tapa se bhI zreSTha mAnA hai|' kuralakAvyakAra ke anusAra upavAsa karake tapazcaryA karane vAle nissandeha mahAna haiM, para unakA sthAna una logoM ke pazcAt hI hai, jo apanI nindA-AlocanA karane vAloM ko kSamA kara dete haiM / unakA upadeza hai ki dUsare loga tumheM hAni pahu~cAyeM usake lie tuma unheM kSamA kara do aura yadi tuma use bhUla sako to yaha aura bhI acchA hai|' isI prakAra paM0 AzAdhara kA kathana hai ki apanA aparAdha karane vAloM kA zIghra hI pratikAra karane meM samartha rahate hae bhI jo puruSa apane una aparAdhiyoM ke prati kSamA dhAraNa karatA hai, usa kSamA rUpI amRta kA sevana karane vAle vyakti ko sajjana puruSa pApoM ko naSTa kara dene vAlA samajhate haiM / AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM, jo muni krodha ke abhAva rUpa kSamA se maNDita hai, vaha muni samasta pApakarma kA avazyameva kSaya karatA hai|' tirukkuralakAra ke anusAra kSamA AdhyAtmika, naitika evaM sAmAjika tInoM hI kSetra meM upayogI hai| unakA mata hai ki saMsAra chor3ane vAle mahApuruSoM se bhI bar3hakara santa vaha hai, jo apanI nindA karane ko haMsate-musakarAte sahana kara letA hai| tirukkurala meM likhA hai ki dUsare loga tumheM yadi nukasAna pahuMcAye to tuma unheM kSamA kara do aura yadi tuma use jar3amUla se bhalA sako to yaha aura bhI zreyaskara hai| dharatI una logoM ko bhI zaraNa detI hai, jo use berahamI se khodate haiM / isI taraha tuma bhI una 1. kArtikeyAnaprekSA, 364. 2. uddhRta-khAmemi savve jIve, pRSTha 2. 3. vaujAlagga, 8. 5. 4. kulakAvya, 16. 2. 5. kuralakAvya, 16. 10. 6. anagAra dharmAmRta, 6. 5. 7. bhavapAhur3a, 108. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 16 ] logoM kI karkaza, azAlIna, tIkhI, marmabhedI vANI sahana kro| kSati cAheM kitanI hI bar3I kyoM na uThAnI par3I ho, kintu bar3appana isI meM hai ki manuSya use mana meM na lAye aura badalA lene ke irAde se dUra rhe| badalA lene kA Ananda to eka hI dina kA hotA hai, kintu kSamA karane vAle kA gaurava cirasthAyI/mRtyuJjayI hotA hai|' kSamA kA AdAna-pradAna paraspara yaza evaM sauhArdra bar3hAtA hai| mahopAdhyAya samayasundara likhate haiM kSamA karaMtA kharaca na lAgai, bhAMge kor3a kalesa jI / arihaMta deva ArAdhaka thAve, vyApa suyaza pradeza jI / / AcArya hastImala jI ne kSamA ke AdAna-pradAna ko samyaktva prApti kA hetu batAyA hai| ve kahate haiM samyaktva kI prApti tabhI ho sakatI hai jabaki kAma, krodha, mAna, mada, moha mAtsaryAdi viSaya-kaSAyoM ko manda kara pUrvakRta dukRtyoM ke lie prANimAtra se vizuddha mana se kSamA-yAcanA kare aura apane prati kiye gaye aparAdha ke lie prANimAtra ko kSamA pradAna kreN| AcArya vijayavallabhasUri ke matAnusAra purAne saMcita aura AtmA ke sAtha baddha karmoM ko ghaTA sakeM yA haTA sakeM, isake lie sabase acchI sAdhanA/prakriyA kSamApanA haiM / jaina dharma meM kSamA kA vyAvahArika pakSa : jaina sAdhanA meM kSamA kI pradhAnatA hai| yadyapi vizva kI sabhI dhArmika paramparAoM meM kSamA ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| kintu jaina dharma meM kSamA kA jo carama utkarSa dikhAI detA hai, vaisA anya kisI dharma meM dikhAI nahIM detaa| saMkSepa meM jainoM meM kSamA kI sAdhanA vividha rUpa meM kI jAtI hai (ka) parva ke rUpa meM kSamA : jainadharma kA pramukha vArSika parva hai, 'paryuSaNa' / isameM kSamA ke sthAna ko dekhakara ise kSamAvaNI /kSamApanA parva bhI kahate haiN| kSamA ke dvArA maitrI aura prema kA prasAra karanA--yahI isa parva kI pRSThabhUmi hai / isa parva meM gRhastha aura muni 1. tirukkurala-tIrthakara, aMka. akTUbara, 1683 2. samayasundarakRti kusumAJjali, kSamA chattIsI, 33 (pRSTha 526). 3. uddhRta-khAmemi savve jIve, pRSTha 8. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 17 ] sabhI paraspara kSamA-yAcanA karate haiM, tAki vigata vyavahAra se yadi kisI ke manobhAvoM ko Thesa pahu~cI ho to vaha kleza samApta ho jAe / kSamA-yAcanA meM eka vizeSa Adarza dRSTigocara hotA hai / sAmAnyataH hara AdamI apane pratidvandvI se kSamA maMgavAnA cAhatA hai, jo ki usakI parAjaya kA paricAyaka hai / kintu isa parva meM pratiSThA kSamA-yAcaka kI hai / vyakti meM svataH kSamAprArthanA kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai / jainadharma meM 84 lAkha jIvayoniyA~ mAnI jAtI haiM / vyakti una yoniyoM meM nivAsa karane vAle sabhI jIvoM se kSamA-prArthanA karatA hai / sabhI jainiyoM kA eka hI sAmUhika gAna hotA hai khAmi savye jIve, savve jIvA khamaMtu me / mittI me savva bhUesu, veraM majjhaM na keNaI // arthAt maiM samasta jIvoM se kSamA-yAcanA karatA hU~ / saba jIva mujhe kSamA kreN| sabhI jIvoM ke prati merA maitrIbhAva hai, merA kisI bhI jIva ke sAtha vaira-virodha nahIM hai / paryuSaNa parva meM kSamA kA AdAna-pradAna karanA anivArya hai / isa parva ke bAda bhI yadi kisI kA Apasa meM manomAlinya rahatA hai, to usakA parva manAnA nirarthaka hai / isI pariprekSya meM jaina sAhitya meM eka aitihAsika prasaMga prApta hotA hai / eka bAra rAjA udAyana ko ujjainI ke rAjA pradyota se yuddha karanA par3A / pradyota udAyana ke dvArA kaida kara liyA gayA / udAyana apane rAjya siMdhusauvIra kI ora lauTa rahA thA ki mArga meM paryuSaNa parva kI velA A gayI / udAyana jainI thA / usane parva mnaayaa| sabhI se kSamA-prArthanA kI / udAyana kI kSamAbhAvanA stutya hai | usane apane zatru pradyota se bhI kSamA maaNgii| udAyana ne use bhI kSamA kara diyA aura usakA rAjya use lauTA diyA / " yaha ghaTanA jaina sAhitya meM kSamA ke Adarza ko upasthita karatI haiM / sacamuca yaha uttama kSamA kA jvalanta udAharaNa hai / 1. Avazyaka sUtra, pagAmasijjhAya kI antima gAthA, (kha) mUlAcAra, 208. 2. draSTavya -- ( ka ) Avazyaka cUrNi bhAga 1, pRSTha 401 (kha) dazavaikAlika cUrNi, pRSTha 61 (ga) nizItha cUrNi bhAga 3, pRSTha 147 , For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 14 ] paryuSaNa meM kSamA kA AdAna-pradAna pUrNataH aparihArya hai / nizIthacaNi meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi anya samaya meM hue kleza kaTatA kI usa samaya kSamA-yAcanA na kI gaI ho to paryuSaNa meM avazya kara leveN|' jainadarzana ke vidvAn DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina isa sambandha meM likhate haiM ki jaina AcAra-darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki yadi zramaNa sAdhaka pakSAnta taka apane krodha ko zAnta kara kSamAyAcanA nahIM kara letA hai, to usakA zramaNatva samApta ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra gRhastha upAsaka yadi cAra mahIne se adhika apane hRdaya meM krodha ke bhAva banAye rakhatA hai aura jisake prati aparAdha kiyA hai, usase kSamAyAcanA nahIM karatA to vaha gRhastha-dharma kA adhikArI nahIM raha pAtA hai| itanA hI nahIM, jo vyakti eka varSa se adhika taka apane krodha kI tIvratA ko banAye rakhatA hai aura kSamA-yAcanA nahIM karatA, vaha samyaka-zraddhA kA adhikArI bhI nahIM hotA hai, aura isa prakAra jainatva se bhI cyuta ho jAtA hai| (kha) kSamA ko pUjA-jisa prakAra jainadharma meM jinatva kI prApti ke lie jina kI pUjA kI jAtI hai, usI prakAra kSamA guNa kI prApti ke lie kSamA kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| yaha prathA adhikAMzataH digambara jaina paramparA meM pracalita hai| kSamA kI pUjA se krodha kA vinAza aura sahiSNutA kA vikAsa hotA hai / isakI pUjA vidhivat hotI hai / isake lie bhI loga jala, candana, akSata, puSpa, naivedya, dIpaka, dhUpa, phala Adi argha arpita karate haiN| mahAkavi raighU ke zabdoM meM kopAdirahitAM sArAM sarvasaukhyakarAM kSamAm / pUjayA parayA bhaktyA pUjayAmi tadAptaye // arthAt kopa Adi se rahita, sArabhUta aura saba sukhoM kI Akara rUpa kSamA kI maiM usakI prApti ke lie parama bhaktipUrvaka pUjA karatA huuN| (ga) kSamA-mantra-jainiyoM meM kSamA ko mantra ke rUpa meM bhI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / mantra hai, 'OM hrIM arhanmukhakamalasamudgatAya uttama1. nizIthabhASyacUrNi, (3179) 2. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga 2, paSTha 410 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 19 ] kSamAdharmAGgAya namaH' / kSamA kI upalabdhi ke lie jaina loga isakA japa karate haiN| (gha) kSamA-vrata-isI prakAra jaina dharmAvalambI kSamAdharma kI prApti hetu vrata-tapa bhI karate haiN| upavAsa Adi karake loga isakI ArAdhanA karate haiN| bhAdra zuklA paJcamI ko kSamAguNa kI prApti ke nimitta vizeSa ArAdhanA kI jAtI hai| isa prakAra jainadharma meM kSamA kI sAdhanA ke aneka rUpa haiM / jaina dharmAnuyAyI parva, pUjA, mantra, vrata Adi ke mAdhyama se isakI sAdhanA karate haiN| jaina tIrthaMkara mahAvIra : parama kSamAmUrti tIrthaMkara mahAvIra parama kSamAzIla the / 'khaMtisUrA arihaMtA' kI ukti ke anusAra ve kSamAvIra the| unhoMne kSamAdharma kA utkRSTa rUpa se pAlana kiyA thaa| unake pravacana bhI kSamAdharma se paripUrNa hote the| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI kSamAzIlatA sarvAdhika ullekhanIya hai| mahAvIra kA jIvana kSamA kA Adarza thaa| unakI kSamA vilakSaNa thii| unake sAdhanAkAla meM aneka aise prasaMga haiM jo unakI kSamAzIlatA ko pratibimbita karate haiN| ___ AcArAMga sUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vihAracaryA ke viSaya kA nirUpaNa karate hue unakI Adarza kSamA kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai| usameM likhA hai, "bhagavAn ke zarIra para bhramara baiThakara rasapAna karate the| rasa prApta na hone para kruddha hokara bhagavAna ke zarIra para DaMka bhI lagAte the / ve dhyAna meM rahate taba kabhI sAMpa, aura kabhI nevalA, kabhI kute kATa khAte, kabhI cIMTiyA~ DAMsa, macchara aura makkhiyA~ staatii| kabhI unheM cora aura pAradArika satAte to kabhI hAtha meM bhAle lie hue grAma-rakSaka / bhagavAn ko kabhI striyoM aura kabhI puruSoM ke dvArA kRta-kAma sambandhI upasarga sahane hote| bahuta se loga unake sAtha durvyavahAra karate, parantu bhagavAn ke mana meM pratikAra kA koI saMkalpa bhI nahIM uThatA / lAr3ha-pradeza meM vihAra karate hue to unakI sahanazIlatA carama sImA para thii| aneka loga zramaNa mahAvIra ko kutte kATa khAe~, isa uddezya se 'chU-chU' kara kutto ko bhagavAn ke pIche lgaate| kucha loga daNDa, muSTi, bhAlA Adi zastroM se, to kucha loga capaTA, miTTI ke Dhele aura kapAla (khappara) se bhagavAn para For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 20 ] prahAra karate / kucha loga unakA mA~sa kATa lete| kabhI-kabhI zarIra para dhUla DAla dete yA thUka dete| kucha loga dhyAna meM sthita bhagavAn ko U~cA uThAkara nIce girA dete| unheM Asana se skhalita kara dete the phira bhI bhagavAn kSamAzIla rahate the| ve dehabhAva se pare hokara Atmastha rahate the| kSamA ke sambandha meM hindUdharma kA daSTikoNa : hindudharma ke aneka granthoM meM mahAbhArata pramukha hai| mahAbhArata meM kSamA kA mahatva svIkRta karate hue ise hI dharma, yajJa, veda aura zAstra kahA gayA hai| ise hI brahma, satya, bhUta, bhaviSya, tapa tathA pavitratA ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai aura yaha likhA hai ki kSamA ne hI sampUrNa jagat ko dhAraNa kara rakhA hai| maharSi vedavyAsa kA yaha kathana bhI kSamA kI mahAnatA ko prastuta karatA hai ki kSamA tejasviyoM kA teja hai, tapasviyoM kA brahma hai, satyavAdiyoM kA satya hai, yahI yajJa hai aura yahI manonigraha hai| kSamA ko brahma Adi ke rUpa meM svIkAra karake mahAbhAratakAra ne kSamA kI vyApakatA ko siddha kiyA hai| mahAbhArata meM krodha kI nindA karate hue kSamA kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki yadi manuSya pRthvI ke samAna kSamAzIla na hoM, to manuSyoM ke bIca kabhI saMdhi ho hI nahIM sktii| kyoMki jhagar3e kA mUla to krodha hI hai| isIlie mahAbhAratakAra kahate haiM, jisane pUrva meM tumhArA upakAra kiyA ho, usase yadi koI bhArI aparAdha ho jAe, to bhI pUrva ke upakAra ko smaraNa kara usa aparAdhI ko tumheM kSamA kara denA cAhiye / saMkSepa meM, mahAbhArata meM kSamA ko atyadhika mahatva diyA gayA hai| kSamA ke sambandha meM usakA 1. AcArAMga, 1.9. 2. kSamA dharmaH kSamA yajJaH, kSamAveda: kSamAzru tam---- mahAbhArata, 3. kSamA brahma kSamA satyaM, kSamA bhataM ca bhaavic| kSamA tapaH kSamA zaucaM, kSamayedaM dhataM jagat / / - vahI. 4. vahI, vanaparva, 29.40 5. yadi na syurmAnuSeSu kSamiNa: pRthivIsamAH / __na syAt saMdhirmanuSyANAM krodhamUlo hI vigrahaH ||-vhii. 6. pUrvopakArI yaste syAdaparAde garIyasI / upakAreNa set tasya kSantavyamaparAdhinaH ||-vhii. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 21 ] dRSTikoNa vyApaka hai| usake anusAra kSamA ihaloka evaM paralokadonoM meM lAbhadAyaka hai / mahAbhAratakAra kA kathana hai ki--kSamAvAnoM ke lie yaha loka hai, unhIM ke lie hI paraloka hai / kSamAzIla vyakti isa loka meM sammAna aura paraloka meM uttama gati prApta karatA hai| vedavyAsa kA kayana hai ki isa jagat meM kSamA vazIkaraNa rUpa hai| bhalA, kSamA se kyA nahIM siddha hotA? jisake hAtha meM zAnti/kSamA rUpI talavAra hai, usakA duSTa puruSa kyA kara leMge ? tRNarahita sthAna meM girI haI agni apane Apa bujha jAtI hai / kSamAhIna puruSa apane ko tathA dUsare ko bhI doSa kA bhAgI banA letA hai| ekamAtra kSamA hI zAnti kA sarvazreSTha upAya hai| ___ gItA meM kSamA ko IzvarIya guNa evaM IzvarIya vibhUti' kahA gayA hai| gItA kA kathana hai ki kSamA, devIsampadA ko prApta hue puruSa kA lakSaNa hai| manu ne vidvajjanoM ke lie kSamA ko anivArya mAnA hai| ve kahate haiM ki vidvAn kSamA se hI zuddha-pavitra hote haiN| isI taraha viSNupurANa meM sAdhuoM kA bala kSamA nirdiSTa hai|' zrImad bhAgavat meM likhA hai ki svayaM samartha hone para kSamA-bhAva rkhe| maharSi vAlmIki ne rAmAyaNa meM kSamA ko striyoM tathA puruSoM kA bhUSaNa batAyA hai|' saMkSepa meM kSamA yazaH kSamA dharmaH, kSamAyAM viSThitaM jagat / 10 ----kSamA hI yaza hai, kSamA hI dharma hai, kSamA se hI carAcara jagat sthita hai| kSamA ke sambandha meM bauddha dRSTikoNa : bauddhadharma, bhAratIya AcAra darzana kA abhinna aMga hai| isameM bhI kSamA ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| zreSTha kSamA kI paribhASA dete hue saMyutanikAya meM batAyA hai, svayaM balavAn hokara bhI durbala kI 1. mahAbhArata, Adiparva, 42.6 2. vahI, udyogaparva, 33.52-52. 3. zrImadbhagavatagItA, 10.5 4. vahI, 10.34 5. bahI, 16. 3. 6. manusmRti, 5.107 7. viSNupurANa, (1.1.20) 8. zrI madbhAgavata, (6.5.44) 9. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, bAlakANDa, 33.7 10. vahI, 33.9 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 22 ] bAteM sahane ko hI zreSTha kSamA kahate haiN| buddha kahate haiM, sarvaprathama apane virodhI zatru para hI kSamA karanI cAhiye / apanA adhikAra svIkAra karane vAloM ko jo kSamA nahIM karatA hai, vaha bhItara hI bhItara krodha rakhane vAlA mahAdveSI, vaira ko aura adhika bAMdha letA dhammapada meM likhA hai kSamA parama tapa hai| sacamuca, kSamA se bar3hakara anya kucha nahIM hai|" buddha ne kSamA ko nirvANa kA kAraNa kahA hai| dhammapada meM ullikhita hai ki kisI se kaTavacana na bolo| yadi bologe, to vaha tumase vaisA hI kaTa-vacana bolegaa| prativAda duHkhadAyaka hotA hI hai| usake badale meM tumheM daMDa milegaa| TUTA huA kAMzA jaise niHzabda rahatA hai, usI taraha agara tuma svayaM cupa rahoge to tuma nirvANapada prApta kara loge / ___ 'saMyutta nikAya' meM kSamA ke sambandha meM pUrNa nAmaka eka bauddha bhikSa kI kathA milatI hai| bhagavAn buddha ne pUrNa ko upadeza diyaa| tatpazcAt buddha ne usase pUchA-pUrNa ! mere upadeza ko sunakara tuma kisa janapada meM vihAra karoge ? __ bhante ! sUnAparAnta nAma kA eka janapada hai, vahIM maiM vihAra kruuNgaa| pUrNa ! sUnAparAnta ke loga bar3e caNDa haiN| pUrNa ! yadi ve tumheM gAlI deMge aura DATeMge to tuma kyA karoge ? __bhante ! yadi sUnAparAnta ke loga mujhe gAlI deMge aura DATeMge to mujhe yaha hogA- yaha sUnAparAnta ke loga bar3e bhadra haiM, jo hAtha se mArapITa nahIM karate haiM / bhagavan ! mujhe aisA hI hogaa| sugata ! mujhe aisA hI hogaa| ___ pUrNa ! yadi sUnAparAnta ke loga tumheM DhelA se mAreM, to tumheM kyA hogA ? bhante ! yadi sUnAparAnta ke loga mujhe DhelA se mAreMge to mujhe yaha hogA--yaha sUnAparAnta ke loga bar3e bhadra haiM, jo mujhe lAThI se nahIM mArate / 1. saMyuttanikAya, 1.11.4 3. saMyuttanikAya, 1.1.35 5. vizaddhima ga, 9.2 2. vizuddhimagga, 6.82 4. dhammapada, 16.4 6. dhammapada, 10. 5.6 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 23 ] pUrNa ! yadi sUnAparAnta ke loga tumheM lAThI se mAreMge to tumheM kyA hogA ? ___bhante ! yadi sUnAparAnta ke loga mujhe lAThI se mAreMge to mujhe yaha hogA-yaha sUnAparAnta ke loga bar3e bhadra haiM, jo mujhe kisI hathiyAra se nahIM mArate haiN|...... ___pUrNa ! yadi sUnAparAnta ke loga tumheM hathiyAra se mAreM to tumheM kyA hogA? bhante ! yadi sUnAparAnta ke loga mujhe hathiyAra se mAreMge to mujhe yaha hogA--yaha sUnAparAnta ke loga bar3e bhadra haiM, jo mujhe jAna se nahIM mArate haiM / ...... pUrNa ! yadi sUnAparAnta ke loga tumheM jAna se mAra DAleM to tumheM kyA hogA? ____ bhante ! yadi sUnAparAnta ke loga mujhe jAna se bhI mAra DAle to mujhe yaha hogA-bhagavAn ke zrAvaka isa zarIra aura jIvana se Ubakara zarIra visarjana ke lie jallAda kI talAza karate haiM, yaha mujhe binA talAza kiye mila gyaa| bhagavan ! mujhe aisA hI hogaa| sugata ! mujhe aisA hI hogaa| pUrNa ! ThIka hai| tuma kSAnta ho| isa dharmazAnti se yukta tuma sUnAparAnta janapada meM nivAsa kara sakate ho ! aba tuma jahA~ cAho, jAne kI chUTa hai| . uparyukta praznottara pUrNa kI uttama kSamAzIlatA kA paricaya dete haiN| buddha kI dRSTi meM aise sahiSNu vyakti hI dharma kA pracAra aura nirvANa kI prApti kara sakate haiN| buddha svayaM kSamAvanta the| Alavaka yakSa ne unake sAtha bahuta durvyavahAra kiyA, lekina unhoMne dhairya rkhaa| anta meM yakSa kA krodha buddha kI sahanazIlatA se zamita ho gayA thaa| kSamA banAma krodha : kSamA citta kI eka vRtti hai aura krodha bhii| kintu donoM meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai| eka sadvRtti hai, to dUsarI duSvRtti hai| prathama ke dvArA dvitIya para vijaya prApta kI jAtI hai| arthAt kSamA ke dvArA 1. draSTavya--(ka) saMyuttanikAya, 34.2.4.5 (kha) majjhimanikAya, 3. 5. 3 2. suttanipAta aTThakathA, -bhagavAn buddha aura unakA dharma, pRSTha 454 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 24 ] krodha para vijaya prApta kI jAtI hai| kSamA vaha DhAla hai, jo dUsaroM ke krodha rUpI vAra ko sahana karatI hai| para, kyA svayaM ke vAra ko sahane meM vaha sakSama hai ? nhiiN| jisameM krodha hai, usameM kSamA nahIM hai| jisameM kSamA hai, usameM krodha nahIM hai| donoM kA prayoga dUsaroM ke lie hotA hai| kSamA bhI dasaroM ko kI jAtI hai aura krodha bhI dasaroM para / donoM kI apanI-apanI svatantra sattA hai| phira bhI Atma-siMhAsana para donoM eka sAtha nahIM baiTha skte| donoM meM se kisI eka kI sthApanA ke lie dasare kA utthApana anivArya hai| ataH jahA~ krodha hai, vahA~ kSamA nahIM hai / jahA~ kSamA hai, vahA~ krodha nahIM hai| jahA~ kSamA ke Alambana se aneka bhavyAtmAoM ne apanA utthAna kiyA hai, vahIM krodha ke prabhAva meM Akara aneka AtmAoM ne apanA patana kara liyA thaa| yahA~ hama unameM se katipaya kA saMkSipta ullekha kreNge| (1) AcArya skandaka ke 500 ziSyoM ko pAlaka dvArA kolhU meM tela kI taraha peravA diyA gyaa| sabhI ziSya mRtyu ke kSaNoM meM parama kSamAzIla bane rhe| unakI Adarza kSamAzIlatA ne unheM mokSa-dhAma pradAna kiyaa| pAlaka ne skaMdaka ko bhI peravA diyA thaa| kintu skandaka ke mana meM roSa paidA ho gyaa| ve 'nidAna' ( saMkalpa ) pUrvaka mare / unhoMne eka deva ke rUpa meM janma grahaNa kiyA, aura krodha ke Aveza meM unhoMne 12 yojana dUra-dara taka usake sAre rAjya ko bhaSma kara ddaalaa|' isa taraha jahA~ ziSyoM ne kSamAzIlatA se apanA-AtmakalyANa kara liyA, vahIM guru ne krodha ke dvArA apanI AtmA kA patana kara liyaa| (2) AcArya caNDarudra ke mastiSka kA pArA bahuta car3hA huA thaa| vihAra ke samaya caNDarudra apane ziSya soma muni ke kandhe para baiThe hue jA rahe the| soma kaMkarIle patha ke kAraNa barAbara cala nahIM pA rahA thaa| caNDarudra ne usake sira para pracaNDa muSTi prahAra kiye aura kaThora vacana bhI kahe, parantu soma ke mana meM AkUlatA utpanna na hii| unakI kSamA-bhAvanA zreSTha thii| unhoMne caNDarudra se punaH punaH kSamA1. draSTavya--(ka) uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pRSTha 73 (kha) maraNasamAdhi, 443,465 (ga) vRhatkalpabhASya, 3272-4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 25 ] yAcanA kI / usakI kSamAzIlatA ne hI use kaivalya pradAna kiyA / " (3) muni gajasukumAra zmazAna meM sAdhanA kara rahe the / somila, jaba usa mArga se jA rahA thA to usane unheM muni avasthA meM dekhA / gajakumAra saMsAra se virakta ho, apanI bhAvI pattI somA kA tyAga kara muni bana gaye the / somA somila kI putrI thI / somila muni para kupita ho gayA / usane muni ke sira ke cAroM ora miTTI kI aMgIThI banAyI aura usameM jalate hue aMgAre rakha diye / muni atyadhika sahanazIla the / sahanazIlatA kI parAkASThA ke kAraNa hI muni ke rAga-dveSa rUpI karma IMdhana naSTa ho gayA / unhoMne usI rAtri meM mukti prApta karalI / 2 gajasukumAra kA yaha vRtta hameM kSamA kI acchI zikSA detA hai / (4) rAjA prasannacandra ne apane nAbAliga putra ko rAjya dekara muni dIkSA grahaNa kara lI / eka dina, jaba ve kAyotsarga kara rahe the, unhoMne sumukha evaM dumukha nAmaka do vyaktiyoM kA yaha vArtAlApasunA"rAjA prasannacandra ne apane choTe putra ko rAjya-bhAra sauMpakara aura saMnyAsa grahaNa kara bar3I bhUla kI hai / usake mantriyoM ne usake putra aura parivAra kI hatyA karane ke lie SaDayantra racA hai / rAjakumAra apanA mahala chor3akara aura kahIM calA gayA / " isa carcA ne dhyAnastha tapasvI ko kruddha kara diyA / unhoMne apane vicAroM meM hI mantriyoM evaM zatruoM ke viruddha kaThora lar3AI zurU kara dii| bAda meM jaba unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki merA vartamAna vAstavika svarUpa muni kA hai, rAjA kA nahIM / rAjarSi ne apane kruddha saMkalpoM evaM vicAroM kI AlocanA kI / ve upazama-giri para car3he aura siddha-buddha bana gaye / (5) eka bAra sAdhvI mRgAvatI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke dhArmika upadezoM ko zravaNa karane ke lie unake sthAna para gayI lekina vaha 1. draSTavya - - (ka) uttarAdhyayana cUrNa, pRSTha 31. -- (kha) Avazyaka vRtti, pRSTha 577 (ga) bRhatkalpabhASya, 7.6102-4 2. draSTavya----(ka) antakRddazAMga, anuccheda 6. (kha) Avazyaka cUrNa, 355, 358, 362, 364-5, 536. 3. draSTavya - - (ka) Avazyaka cUrNi bhAga 1, pRSTha 456. , (kha) nizItha cUrNi bhAga 5, pRSTha 68. (ga) sthAnAMga vRtti, pRSTha 44 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 26 ] apane upAzraya meM samaya para na lauTa skii| tIrthaMkara ke darzanArtha Ae sUrya aura candra kI sAkSAt upasthiti se vaha dina aura rAtri kA bheda na pA skii| derI se pahu~cane para pradhAna sAdhvI candanA ke dvArA use upAlambha diyA gyaa| mRgAvatI ne candanA ke upAlambhoM kA koI pratikAra nahIM kiyA; cupacApa suna liyaa| mRgAvatI ne itanA adhika pazcAtApa kiyA ki usakA kana-mala naSTa ho gayA aura use usI rAtri meM kevala jJAna prApta ho gyaa| (6) ekadA yAdava rAjakumAroM ne dvaipAyana RSi ko satAyA / kraddha ho unhoMne dvArikA zahara ko jalA DAlane kA nizcaya kiyaa| mRtyu ke bAda, unhoMne agnikumAra deva ke rUpa meM janma liyA aura sAre zahara ko jalAkara rAkha kara diyaa| (7) rAjakumAra nAgadatta ne kama umra meM hI saMsAra ko tyAga diyA aura saMnyAsa grahaNa kara liyaa| nAgadatta apane pUrva janma meM eka nAga thaa| ataH rasanA para to usakA niyantraNa thA parantu bhUkha para nhiiN| use bahudhA bhUkha lagatI thI aura vaha dina bhara khAyA karatA thaa| vaha itanA sahanazIla thA ki usane una logoM ke prati bhI kabhI krodha kA koI cihna pragaTa na kiyA, jo unake bhojana para thakate the| eka dina parva kA divasa thaa| nAgadatta ke anya sAthI-santoM ke upavAsa thaa| nAgadatta isa mahAna parva-dina meM bhI bhikSA lAye, to anya tapasvI santoM ne krodhAveza meM unake bhikSA-pAtra meM thUka diyA / nAgadatta ne unase kSamA-yAcanA kI ki merA aparAdha kSamA kareM jo maiM Apake thUkane ke lie thUkadAna | pAtra na lA sakA / nAgadatta ne apanI sahanazIlatA ke dvArA hI mukti prApta kI thii| (yaha dRSTAnta 'kUragaDUka kevalI' ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| ) isa dRSTAnta se spaSTa hai ki kSamA kI uttama ArAdhanA hI sarvazreSTha tapa hai| kSamA kA zatra-krodha : kSamA, AtmA kA svAbhAvika gaNa hai, jabaki krodha, AtmA kA vaibhAvika guNa hai / krodha AtmaghAtaka vikAra hai / krodha kI vRtti AtmA 1. draSTavya-(ka) vyavahArasUtravRtti (malayagiri kRta), bhAga 3, pR0 34. (kha) Avazyaka cUNi, bhAga 1, pRSTha 615. 2. draSTavya-antakaddazAMga, anuccheda 2, 3. draSTavya--(ka) dazAzru taskandha cUrNi, pRSTha 41-2 (kha) Avazyaka niyukti, 1280 vAM padya For Personal & Private Use Only

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. [ 27 ] ko svabhAva-dazA se vibhAva-dazA meM le jAtI hai, aura vyakti ko janma-maraNa kI zrRMkhalA meM Abaddha kara detI hai| krodha sAmAjika aura AdhmAtmika donoM dRSTikoNoM se hAnikara hai| sAmAjika dRSTi se krodha pArasparika sadbhAva kA vinAzaka hai, to AdhyAtmika dRSTi se AtmA ke nija-guNa samatA kA vighAtaka hai| hamAre manISI kahate haiM krodho mUlamaryAnAM, krodhaH saMsAravarddhanaH / dharmakSayakaraH krodhastasmAtkrodhaM vivarjayet / / arthAt-krodha anarthoM kA mUla, saMsAravarddhaka aura dharmakSayakara hai| ataH krodha kA vivarjana karanA cAhiye / aura bhI krodho nAzayate dhairya, krodho nAzayate zrutam / krodho nAzayate sarva nAsti krodhasamoripuH // arthAta-krodha dhairya aura zrata (jJAna) kA nAza karatA hai| vastutaH vaha saba kucha nAza kara detA hai| ataH krodha ke samAna koI zatra nahIM hai| sacamuca, krodha anucita hai| kSadra vyakti hI krodha karate haiM / acche vyakti krodha nahIM krte| unheM to usase ghRNA hotI haiN| jisa prakAra jAnakAra vyakti viSadhara ko apane gale kA hAra banAnA lAbhadAyaka nahIM samajhatA, usI prakAra vidvat jana krodha ko prazraya nahIM dete / krodha se Avezita vyakti sadaiva gassailA | viSailA rahatA hai| usakI vatti tAmasika hotI hai| vaha apane citta ke santulana ko kho baiThatA hai| yaha apane para niyantraNa bhI nahIM rakha pAtA, bAta-bAta meM Ape se bAhara ho jAtA hai| ___ krodha kA zamana krodha se nahIM hotaa| krodha ke zamana ke lie aparihArya rUpa se AvazyakatA hotI hai kSamA kii| krodha meM USNatA hotI hai, to kSamA meM shiitltaa| krodha kI USNatA kSamA kI zItalatA se zAnta hotI hai / zAnta puruSa hI kSamAvAn hotA hai| ____ krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ye cAra kaSAya haiM / ye rAga rUpI jaMjIra kI cAra kar3iyA haiN| cAroM eka-dUsare se Abaddha haiN| eka kA kSaya hone para zeSa bhI anukramazaH prakSINa ho jAtI haiN| zAstra kahate 1. uddhRta--saMskRta zloka-saMgraha, 53.1. 2. vahI, 535 3. sthAnAMga, caturtha ThANA, uddezaka 4, sUtra 349. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 28 ] / haiM - ye cAroM hAnikAraka haiM / krodha prIti ko naSTa karatA hai to mAna vinaya ko naSTa karatA hai mAyA maitrI ko naSTa karatI haiM to lobha saba kucha naSTa karatA hai / isalie kSamA se krodha para vijaya prApta kareM / mArdava (namratA ) se mAna ko jIteM / Arjava (RjutA ) se mAyA para vijaya prApta kareM / santoSa se lobha ko parAjita kareM / 2 inakI AMzika vidyamAnatA bhI kSati pahu~cAne vAlI hotI hai / RNa ko thor3A, ghAva ko choTA, Aga ko tanika aura kaSAya ko alpa mAna, vizvasta hokara nahIM baiTha jAnA caahie| kyoMki ye thor3e bhI bar3hakara bahuta ho jAte haiM / " ataeva krodha tyAjya hai / jaba taka krodha- kaSAya manuSya para apanA prabhutva jamAye rahegA, taba taka ke lie usake citta meM durbhAvanA aura dveSa kI khir3akI khulI rhegii| jaba taka jIvana meM durbhAvanA aura dveSa hai, taba taka avivekatA bhI hai, abhimAna bhI hai, tiraskAra aura bhaya bhI hai / isa taraha krodhI manuSya kI sArI sadvRttiyA~ kuNThita ho jAtI haiN| usake zubha pariNAma sarvathA naSTa ho jAte haiM / gambhIratA, zAnti, viveka, Ananda, nIti, kSamatA aura vicAra-zakti sabhI se vaha zUnya-sA ho jAtA hai / kavivara rAmanareza tripAThI ne likhA hai bhAgyahIna jaba kisI hRdaya meM krodha udaya hotA hai / bar3hatI hai pAzavika zakti Anika bala kSaya hotA hai / krodha, dayA suvicAra nyAya kA mArga bhraSTa karatA hai / apanA hI AdhAra prathama vaha duSTa naSTa karatA hai / krodha tumhArA prabala zatru hai, basA tumhAre ghara meM / ho sakate ho use jItakara vijayI tuma jaga bhara meM 14 yahA~ hamane krodha ke sAmAnya svarUpa para prakAza DAlA hai / usake vivakSitArtha ko adhika spaSTa karane ke lie vistAra kI apekSA hai | AgAmI pRSThoM meM hama isa para thor3e vistAra se carcA kareMge / krodha ke prakAra : krodha catuHpratiSThita hotA hai- 1. AtmapratiSThita 2 para pratiSThita, 3. tadubhayapratiSThita aura 4. apratiSThita / " Atma-pratiSThita krodha svaviSayaka hotA hai aura apane hI nimitta se utpanna hotA hai / 1. dazavaikAlika, 8.37 2. vahI, 8.38. 4. pathika, pRSTha 58. 3. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 1310 5. sthAnAMga, 4. 1. 76. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 29 ] . parapratiSThita krodha para-viSayaka hotA hai tathA dUsare ke nimitta se utpanna hotA hai| tadubhaya pratiSThita krodha sva-para viSayaka hotA hai aura donoM ke nimitta hotA hai| apratiSThita krodha kevala krodha-vedanIya ke udaya se utpanna hotA hai| bAharI kAraNoM se utpanna nahIM hotaa| krodha aneka prakAra kA hotA hai| yathA 1. anantAnubandhI-krodha-isa krodha kA anubandha aura pariNAma ananta hotA hai| jaise parvata meM darAra par3ane para usakA milanA duSkara hai, usI prakAra anantAnubandhI krodha kisI upAya se zAnta nahIM hotA hai| 2. apratyAkhyAnI krodha-virati-mAtra kA avarodha karane vAlA krodha apratyAkhyAnI krodha hai| jisa prakAra sUkhe sarovara Adi meM miTTI ke phaTa jAne para darAra par3a jAtI hai, lekina varSA hone para punaH mila jAtI hai, usI prakAra jo krodha vizeSa parizrama se zAnta hotA hai, vaha apratyAkhyAnI krodha hai| 3. pratyAkhyAnI krodha-sarva-virati kA avarodha karane vAlA pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa krodha hai| jaise dhUla meM rekhA aMkita karane para kucha samaya bAda havA se vaha rekhA samApta ho jAtI hai, vaise hI jo krodha kucha upAya se zAnta ho, vaha pratyAkhyAnI krodha hai / 4. saMjvalana krodha--yathAkhyAta caritra kA avarodha karane vAlA krodha saMjvalana krodha hai| jisa taraha jala meM khIMcI rekhA khIMcane ke sAtha hI miTa jAtI hai, usI taraha kisI kAraNa se udaya meM AyA huA jo krodha tatkAla zAnta ho jAtA hai, saMjvalana krodha hai| 5. Abhoga nitita krodha-krodha ke phala ko jAnate hae bhI kiyA gayA krodha Abhoga nivartita kahalAtA hai / yaha krodha paristhiti vizeSa kevala hita-zikSA ke uddezya se hotA hai| puSTa kAraNa hone para yaha socakara ki aisA kiye binA ise zikSA nahIM milegI, jo krodha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha Abhoga nivartita krodha hai| . . 6. anAbhoga nitita krodha-yaha krodha binA jAne-bUjhe kiyA jAtA hai| isameM vyakti ko sthiti kI jAnakArI nahIM hotI hai| jaba guNa-doSa kA vicAra kiye binA yA krodha ke vipAka ko na jAnate hae krodha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha anAbhoga nivatita krodha hai| ___7. upazAnta krodha -krodha kI anudayAvasthA upazAnta krodha kI For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 30 ] avasthA hai / yaha krodha sattA meM hotA hai, lekina udaya meM nahIM hotA hai / 8. anupazAnta krotra - udaya - avasthA meM rahA huA krodha anuzAnta krodha hai / isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki krodha ATha prakAra kA hotA hai / sthAnAGga sUtra meM ina AThoM krodhoM kA nAmollekha huA hai / ' odha kI utpatti ke hetu : : 'krodha' zabda kI vyutpatti 'krudh' dhAtu ke sAtha 'ghan' pratyaya saMlagna karane para hotI hai / isakA zAbdika artha hai, 'kupita honA' / bhAratIya sAhitya meM krodha ke lie kopa, Aveza, Akroza, roSa Adi zabda bhI vyavahRta hue haiM / samavAyAMga sUtra meM krodha ke dasa nAma nirdiSTa haiM - 1. krodha, 2. kopa, 3. roSa, 4. doSa, 5 akSamA, 6. saMjvalana, 7. kalaha, 8. cANDikya, 9. bhaMDana aura 10. vivAda | krodha eka udvegajanaka manovikAra hai / isake kAraNa manuSya apanA viveka kho detA hai / yaha anucita, anyAyapUrNa tathA hAnikAraka kArya yA bAta ko dekha-sunakara utpanna hotA hai / jisake kAraNa yaha ugra tathA tIkSNa manovikAra utpanna hotA hai, vyakti use kucha kaThora daMDa dene kI icchA karatA hai arthAt usase badalA lenA cAhatA hai / bhagavadgItA ke anusAra jo abhilASA pUrI nahIM hotI hai, vahI rajoguNa ke kAraNa badalakara 'krodha' bana jAtI hai / sAdhvI maNiprabhAzrI krodha ke udbhava kA kAraNa batAtI huI kahatI haiM ki koI bhI apekSA jaba upekSA meM badalatI hai, to hRdaya meM krodha janma letA hai / 'sthAnAMga' meM krodha kI utpatti ke cAra kAraNa batAye haiM / ve haiM - 1. kSetra ke nimitta se, 2. vastu ke nimitta se, 3. zarIra ke nimitta se aura 4. upadhi ke nimitta se / isI grantha meM krodhotpatti ke kAraNoM para prakAza DAlate hue likhA gayA hai ki amuka vyakti ne manojJa tathA amanojJa zabda, sparza, rasa, rUpa aura gaMdha kA apaharaNa kiyA hai, karatA hai aura karegA tathA upahRta kiye haiM, karatA hai aura karegA aisA hone para krodha kI utpatti hotI hai / " 1. sthAnAGga sUtra, 4. 84, 88 3. gItA, 2.63 5. sthAnAMga, 4.3 2. samavAyAMga, 52. 4. zAnti patha, pRSTha 47 6. vahI, 10-7 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 31 ] krodha kI utpatti ke hetuoM ke sambandha meM manovaijJAnika tathya bhI avalokya haiN| manovaijJAnikoM ne krodha ke janma-sthAna kA patA lagA liyA hai / krodha kA janma tAkika buddhi aura cetana mastiSka se hotA hai / vaijJAnikoM kA kathana hai ki cetana mastiSka (sairebiyana koraTeksa) ke kAphI nIce 'AdimamastiSka' hai, vahI krodha kA utpatti-sthAna hai / yaha Adima hissA jaba kisI kAraNa se uttejita ho jAtA hai, to krodha kA janma hotA hai| ____ krodha ke utpanna hone ke aneka kAraNa ho sakate haiN| inheM hama nimna prakAra se vibhAjita kara sakate haiM--- 1. dUSita vacana-bure vacanoM yA apazabdoM ko sunakara manuSya krodhita ho jAtA hai / zAstroM meM isake bahuta-se udAharaNa milate haiM / mahAbhArata meM duryodhana ke durvacanoM se hI kRSNa kupita hue the| pUrva pRSThoM meM hama par3ha cuke haiM ki rAjA zreNika ke durmukha evaM sumukha nAmaka data ke vacanoM se rAjarSi prasannacanda kA krodha A gayA thaa| hameM bhI koI vyakti kaThora vacana kahatA hai, to hamAre meM bhI krodha AvirbhUta ho jAtA hai| ataH krodha kI utpatti meM eka kAraNa duSita vacana hai| 2. anucita vyavahAra-acchA vyavahAra sneha bar3hAtA hai| bUrA vyavahAra kodha ko janma detA hai| putra kA burA vyavahAra pitA ke krodha kA kAraNa banatA hai| karmacArI kA kharAba baratAva adhikArI ke krodha kA hetU hai| bhAratIya granthoM meM bhI anucita vyavahAra se krodha utpanna hone ke prasaMga upalabdha haiN| jaise-durvAsA RSi zakuntalA ke gRha-dvAra para pahu~ce / zakuntalA ne unakI ora dhyAna nahIM diyaa| RSi usake isa vyavahAra para kupita ho gye| unhoMne use abhizApa de diyA thaa| isI taraha draupadI ne nArada RSi ke Agamana para unakA satkAra nahIM kiyA, jisa para Rddha hokara unhoMne usakA apaharaNa karavA diyA thaa| yAdavakumAroM ke anucita vyavahAra para dvaiyApana RSi kupita ho gaye, jo ki dvArakA nagarI ke vinAza kA kAraNa bnaa| isa prasaMga kA ullekha hama pUrva meM kara Ae haiM / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki anucita vyavahAra se bhI krodha kA janma hotA hai / 3 vicAroM yA ruciyoM meM pArthakya-sabake prati Atmavata daSTi se kSamA pragaTa hotI hai| jabaki parAyepana kA bhAva krodha kI utpatti kA kAraNa hotA hai| vicAroM yA ruciyoM meM bheda hone se bhI krodha 1. draSTavya-abhijJAna zAkuntala n, 4.4 2. draSTavya-antaka dazAMga, 5.1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 32 ] utpanna hotA hai / pati-patnI, sAsa-bahU, pitA-putra Adi meM vicArabheda yA ruci-bheda krodha kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| 4. saMdeha-sandeha eka mAnasika avasthA hai / isameM vyakti kisI cIja ko ThIka taraha se pahavAna yA samajha nahIM paataa| sandeha bhI krodha kA kAraNa banatA hai| jaise-paMjAba kANDa meM videzI zakti kA hAtha thA, aisA bhArata ko sandeha hai| ataH bhArata sandeha ke AdhAra para hI dUsare dezoM para AkSepa karatA hai / jainAgamoM meM isI taraha kA eka prasaMga hai ki maitAryamuni AhAra-prApti hetu eka svarNakAra ke ghara phuNce| svarNakAra ghara meM AhAra lAne gyaa| idhara se usake svarNayavoM ko eka pakSI nigalakara ur3a gyaa| svarNakAra ko sandeha huA ki muni ne yaha cauryakarma kiyA hai| use krodha A gayA aura muni ko pratAr3A, utkaTa kaSTa diye| isa prakAra sandeha se bhI krodha prakaTa hotA hai| 5. svArthasiddhi meM avarodha-maithilIzaraNa gupta ne kahA hai cAho jo apane lie, vahI aura ke artha / kevala svArtha vicAranA, hai atyanta anartha // sacamuca, svArthapUrti anartha mUlaka hai / sArA saMsAra svArthI hai / sabhI svArthapUrti meM nimagna haiM / svArtha-parAyaNa vyakti apanI apekSAoM kI upekSA sahana nahIM kara sktaa| usakI apekSA kI upekSA krodha kI abhivyakti kA avasara pradAna karatI hai| rAmAyaNa kI yaha bAta prasiddha hai ki jaTAyu ne rAvaNa kI svArtha-siddhi meM rukAvaTa DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA, to rAvaNa kupita ho utthaa| 'kSamA banAma krodha' zIrSaka ke antargata yaha nirdiSTa hai ki svArtha pUrti meM avarodha upasthita hone para somila brAhmaNa ne gajasUkumAra muni para kodha kiyA thaa| isa taraha yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki dUSita vacana, anucita vyavahAra, vicAroM yA ruciyoM meM pArthakya, sandeha aura svArtha siddhi meM avarodha honA krodhotpatti ke pramukha hetu haiN| krodha kI paramparA kI vRddhi kA kAraNa : ___ agni prajvalita hotI hai, kiMtu yadi use Idhana na mile to vaha bujha jAtI hai / vaha utkRSTatama tIna dina taka jala sakatI hai| isase adhika usakA jIvana nahIM ho sakatA, kintu yadi Idhana prApta hotA rahe to vaha sudIrgha kAla taka dahakatI rahatI hai / krodha ke sambandha meM 1. draSTavya-Avazyaka niyukti 48.66, 870-1. 2. kAbA aura kArbalA. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 33 ] bhI yahI bAta caritArtha hotI hai| krodha eka cinagArI hai| cinagArI ko ghAsa kA samAgama milatA hai, tabhI vaha bhar3akatI hai| anyathA cinagArI kA astitva kitane samaya kA ! vaha Avirbhata hotI hai aura tatkAla tirohita ho jAtI hai| krodha kI paramparA bhI tabhI bar3hatI hai, jaba kisI ko usake virodhI kI ora se krodha saMvadharka avasara prApta ho / yadi aisA nahIM hotA hai, to krodha adhika samaya taka Tika nahIM pAtA hai; jaise eka vyakti mujha para krodhita ho rahA hai / vaha mujha para AghAta yA AkSepa karatA hai| kintu maiM usakI pratikriyA meM pratyAghAta yA pratyAkSepa nahIM karatA, to krodha kI paramparA meM vRddhi kaisI hogI? krodha samApta ho jaaegaa| krodha kI vRddhi vipakSI ke pratikriyA se hI sambhava hai / kavi chatramala ne likhA hai dete gAlI eka haiM, ulaTe gAlI aneka / jo tU gAlI de nahIM, to rahe eka kI eka // ___isa sambandha meM bhagavAna buddha kA eka vRtta prApta hotA hai| ekadA buddha vicaraNa karate hue rAjagRha meM aae| bhAradvAja brAhmaNa ne jaba sunA ki bhAradvAja gotra brAhmaNa zramaNa gautama ke pAsa dIkSita ho gayA hai, kruddha aura khinna ho buddha ke pAsa aayaa| aura khoTI-khoTI bAteM kahate hue bhagavAn ko phaTakAra batAne aura gAliyA~ dene lgaa| usake aisA kahane para, bhagavAn usa khoTe-mu~ha bhAradvAja se bole-brAhmaNa ! kyA tumhAre yahA~ koI dosta-muhIba yA bandhu-bAndhava pahunA Ate haiM yA nahIM? hA~ gautama !... 'Ate haiN| brAhmaNa ! kyA tuma unake lie khAne-pIne kI cIjeM bhI taiyAra karavAte ho? hA~ gautama ! kabhI-kabhI unake lie khAne-pIne kI cIjeM bhI maiM taiyAra karavAtA huuN| brAhmaNa ! yadi ve kisI kAraNa se una cIjoM kA upayoga nahIM kara sakate haiM, to ve cIjeM kisako milatI haiM ? gautama ! ........ ve mujha hI ko milatI haiM ? brAhmaNa ! isI taraha jo tuma kabhI bhI khoTI bAteM na kahane vAle mujhako khoTI bAteM kaha rahe ho; kabhI bhI kruddha nahIM hone vAle mujha para kuddha ho rahe ho; kabhI kisI ko U~cA-nIcA na kahane vAle mujhako 1. kathAkalpataru, bhAga 3, pRSTha 266. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 34 ] U~cA-nIcA kaha rahe ho-ise maiM svIkAra nahIM karatA / to brAhmaNa ! yaha bAteM tuma hI ko mila rahI hai / brAhmaNa ! jo khoTI bAteM kahane vAle ko khoTI bAteM kahatA hai, kruddha hone vAle para kruddha hotA hai, U~cA-nIcA kahane vAle ko U~cA-nIcA kahatA hai-vaha Apasa kA khilAnA-pilAnA kahA jAtA hai| maiM tumhAre sAtha Apasa kA khilAnApilAnA nahIM karatA / tumhAre die kA maiM upayoga hI nahIM krtaa| to brAhmaNa ! yaha bAteM tuma hI ko mila rahI hai, tuma hI ko mila rahI hai| Rddha nara ke lakSaNa : ___ kauna vyakti kaisA hai ? yadi mujhase aisA prazna pUchA jAe to maiM kahU~gA ki 'jaba vaha vyakti jisake bAre meM prazna pUchA gayA hai, krodha meM ho, to isa prazna kA uttara vaha svayaM de degaa| vyakti kA mUlyAMkana usake vyaktitva para AdhArita hai| krodha usake vyaktitva ko parakhane ke lie eka avasara pradAna karatA hai| krodha meM vyakti apane andara chipe una bhAvoM ko vyakta karatA hai, jo adhikAMzataH vikRta evaM asaMskRta hote haiN| ataH unakA Antarika saMskAra kaisA hai, vaha una bhAvoM ke sAtha pragaTa ho jAtA hai| krodha ATha durguNoM ko janma detA hai 1. cagalI, 2. duHsAhasa, 3. vaira, 4. IrSyA, 5. dUsare ke doSadarzana, 6. ayogya dhana kA vinimaya, 7. kaThora vacana, 8. krUra baratAva / __ krodha meM vyakti apane ApakA vismaraNa kara baiThatA hai| usakI buddhi bhraSTa ho jAtI hai| usakA khUna khaulane lagatA hai| unakI A~kheM raktavarNI ho jAtI haiN| usake mukha para raudratA pratibimbita hotI hai| usake zArIrika avayavoM kI gati vicitra-sI ho jAtI hai| aisA ehasAsa hotA hai, mAno usakI deha ne Aga pakar3a lI ho| adhika kyA, vaha mAnuSika AkRti meM bhI pAzavika prakRti se yukta hotA hai / krodhita nara ke lakSaNoM ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai bhrUbhaMgabhaMguraguramukho vikarAlarUpo, raktaijhago dshnpiidditdNtvaasaaH| trAsaMgatoti manujo jananidyaveSaH, krodhena kampitatanurbhavati rAkSaso vA // 1. saMyuttanikAya, 7.1.2--3 2. manusmRti, 7. 48 3. saMskRta zloka saMgraha, 54.16 For Personal & Private Use Only

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. [ 35 ] arthAt krodha ke kAraNa bhauMe vakra ho jAne se mukha bhI vakra ho jAtA hai| AkRti bhayAvaha ho jAtI hai| netra lAla ho jAte haiN| vyakti apane dAMtoM se oSTha cabAne lagatA hai| vaha krodha se. pIr3ita hokara loka meM nindA kA pAtra banatA hai| usakA sArA zarIra kampAyamAna hone lagatA hai| aisA lagatA hai, mAno pRthvI para rAkSasa utara aayaa| punazca krodha meM AMkhe hotI lAla, krodha meM muMha hotA vikarAla / krodha meM khUba bajAtA gAla, krodha meM sabhI bigar3atI cAla / / krodha meM noca DAlatA bAla, krodha kara detA hai behAla / krodha se jaldo AtA kAla, krodha detA narakoM meM DAla / krodha meM jalate sAre aMga, krodha meM satya na rahatA saMga / krodha meM ho jAtI mati bhaMga, krodha meM miTatI sabhI umaMga // krodha se kAMpa uThatI saba deha, krodha meM miTa jAtA saba neha / krodha se miTatA sadvyavahAra, krodha meM svayaM mAratA mAra // krodha meM khotA sArI lAja, krodha meM kue giratA bhAja / krodha meM gale bAMdhatA phAMsa, krodha meM karatA AtmavinAza / krodha meM gurujana ko lalakAra, krodha meM detA hai dutkAra / krodha meM unheM mAratA mAra, krodha meM bisarAtA saba pyAra // 1 isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki krodha se manuSya meM aneka vikRta lakSaNa pragaTa hote haiN| krodha-agni-sva-para dAhaka : ____krodha vilakSaNa agni hai| anya agniyA~ isase bhinna haiN| ve usI ko jalAtI haiM, jo usake samIpa jAtA hai / jaba ki krodha rUpI agni svayaM krodhI ko aura krodha ke viSaya donoM ko hI jalAtI hai| manuSya dUsare para krodha karatA hai| vaha dUsaroM ko jalAne ke lie Aga jalAtA hai| kintu svayaM usase achUtA nahIM rahatA hai / dUsaroM ke lie gaDDhA khodane vAlA pahale svayaM giratA hai| krodha meM vyakti bhUla jAtA hai ki vaha jisakI jhopar3I meM Aga lagA rahA hai, usI se saTI huI merI jhopar3I bhI hai| cInI kahAvata hai ki The fire you kyndle for your enemy often burns yourself more than him. arthAt jisa agni ko tuma zatra ke lie jalAte ho, vaha bahudhA tumheM hI adhika jalAtI hai| isIlie DaoN0 harivaMza rAya 1. uddhRta-Ananda pravacana, bhAga 6, pRSTha 311. For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ .36 ] 'baccana' ne uttapta na banane kI preraNA dI hai / unakA kathana hai itane mata utapta bano / mere prati anyAya huA hai, jJAta huA mujhako jisa kSaNa, karane lagA agni-Anana ho, guru garjana, gurutara tarjana-zIza hilAkara duniyA~ bolI, pRthvI para ho cakA bahuta yaha, itane mata uttapta bno|1 krodha kI agni bhayaMkara hone para dAvAnala kA rUpa grahaNa kara letI hai| krodha rUpI agni ko pratikriyA rUpI kASTha milatA rahe, to vaha phailatI hI jAtI hai| tulasIdAsa jI ne ThIka hI kahA hai, 'kehi kara hRdaya krodha nahIM dAhA ?? arthAt krodha ne kisake hRdaya ko nahIM jalAyA ! krodha sabako jalAtA hai| lekina dUsaroM kI apekSA svayaM ko adhika jalAtA hai| 'krodhazcedanalena kim ?' isa nIti vAkya ke anusAra jisa vyakti ne apane mana meM krodhAgni ko sulagA rakhI hai, use citA se koI prayojana nahIM hotaa| vaha binA citA ke hI jala jaaegaa| saMkSepa meM, krodhAgni sva-para dAhaka hai| vaha sarvaprathama apane svAmI ko jalAtA hai, aura bAda meM dUsaroM ko| mahopAdhyAya samayasundara ke zabdoM meM krodha karaMtA tapa japa kIdhA, na par3ai kAMi ThAma / Apa tape para ne saMtApe, krodha sa~ keho kAma // krodha kA damana tathA pragaTana-donoM ghAtaka : apekSA kI upekSA krodha kA kAraNa hai| isIlie mahAn vyakti dUsaroM se apekSA nahIM rkhte| unakI apekSAe~ svayaM se hI hotI haiN| ataH unheM krodha kA sAmanA nahIM karanA pdd'taa| kintu adhikAMza loga dUsaroM se apekSA rakhate haiN| jaba unakI apekSA upekSA meM badalatI hai, to krodha kA Agamana ho jAtA hai| ___krodha ke utpanna hone para do hI sthiti hotI hai-yA to vaha damita ho jAtA hai yA phira pragaTa ho jAtA hai| donoM kSati pahu~cAne vAle haiN| mana meM krodha kA dabA rahanA bhI burA hai aura usakA pragaTa honA bhii| krodha kA damana bhAvI visphoTa kA sUcaka hai, to krodha kA tatkAla pragaTana saMgharSa kI jar3oM ko sudRr3ha karatA hai| jisa vyakti ne apane krodha ko damita kara rakhA hai, vaha 1. abhinava sopAna, pR0 158. 2. rAmacaritamAnasa, uttarakANDa, dohA 70 3. samayasundara kRti kusumAJjalI, kSamA chattIsI, ( 32 ) For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 37 ] cAhe jitanA apanA vikAsa kara le, parantu anta meM usakA patana avazyameva hai / jo vyakti krodha ko mana meM damita kiye hue sAdhanA ke kSetra meM Age caraNa baDhAtA hai vaha 'upazAntakaSAya' nAmaka gyArahaveM 'guNasthAna' arthAt AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI eka ucca avasthA para AroharaNa karake bhI patita ho jAtA hai / sacamuca, damita krodha rAkha meM chipI agni ke samAna hai, jo havA ke saMyoga se rAkha ke haTate hI punaH pragaTa ho jAtI hai / isI dRSTi se kisI ke prati hRdaya meM krodha lie rahane kI apekSA use pragaTa kara denA adhika acchA hai, jaise dera taka sulagane kI apekSA pala bhara meM jala jAnA / isa sambandha meM viliyama bleka ne apanA anubhava nimna zabdoM meM likhA hai --- I was angry with my friend; I told my wrath, my wrath did end. I was angry with my foe; I told it not, my wrath did grow : ( - A Poison Tree ) artha - maiM apane mitra para krodhita thA / maiMne usa para apanA krodha pragaTa kara diyA / aura mere krodha kA anta ho gayA / maiM apane zatru para krodhita thA / maiMne apanA krodha pragaTa nahIM kiyA / aura merA krodha bar3hatA rahA / damita krodha svAsthya ke lie bhI hAnikAraka hai| isakI vistRta carcA hama agale pRSThoM para kareMge / yahA~ itanA avazya ullekhanIya haiM ki krodha kA pragaTana svAsthya ke lie utanA hAnikara nahIM hai, jitanA usakA damana / damita krodha se hI zArIrika evaM mAnasika tanAva tathA AkulatA bar3hatI hai aura yaha svAsthya para pratikUla prabhAva star hai / krodha AtA hai, pragaTa hokara vaha virecita ho jAtA hai / yadi dabA rahatA hai to adhika vikRti kA kAraNa banatA hai / parantu isakA abhiprAya yaha nahIM hai ki krodha kA pragaTana acchA hai / manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai / vaha samAja meM rahatA hai / isake lie use samAja ke sAtha madhura sambandha banAe rakhanA anivArya hai / krodha kI abhivyakti una sambandhoM ko kSati pahu~cAtI hai / abhivyakta aura damita krodha kitanA bhayaMkara hotA hai, isakA vivecana karate hue eka AcArya ne kahA haiM For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 38 ] uttame tu kSaNaM kopo, madhyame ghaTikAdvayam / adhame syAdahorAtraM, cANDAle maraNAntakaH / / arthAt kSaNabhara kA krodha uttama hai / do ghar3I kA krodha madhyama hai| rAta-dina rahane vAlA krodha adhama hai| aura mRtyuparyanta krodha ko mana meM lie rahanA cANDAlakarma hai| krodha : viveka kA vinAzaka : mastiSka rUpI dIpaka viveka rUpI prakAza se Alokita hotA hai| viveka se hI zubhAzubha-vicAra kI yogyatA prApta hotI hai| vivekavAna hI acche-bure ko pahacAna sakatA hai| krodha isa viveka kA vinAzaka hai| krodha rUpI havA kA jhoMkA viveka rUpI prakAza ko samApta karatA hai| krodha meM viveka kAma nahIM krtaa| krodhI vyakti kI vicAra-zakti kuNThita ho jAtI hai| usake vivekarUpI netra banda ho jAte haiM, kevala mukha-dvAra khulA rahatA hai jisase agni kI lapaTeM nikalatI rahatI haiN| usakA citta asthira ho jAtA hai| phalasvarUpa viveka dUra bhAga jAtA hai aura usakA sAthI aviveka Akara manuSya ko akArya meM pravRtta karatA hai| usakA krodha eka aisI vahni kA rUpa grahaNa kara letA hai, jo cirakAla se abhyasta yama, niyama, tapa Adi ko kSaNa bhara meM bhasma kara detI hai| aisI dazA meM krodharUpI bhakampa ko jo hamAre vyaktitva ko vicalita kara detA hai zAnta karanA duSkara hai| kAraNa vaha baharA hotA hai| vaha kisI kI sunatA nahIM hai| apanI hI kahatA hai| krodha kI prArambhika avasthA meM vyakti usa para niyantraNa rakha sakatA hai| kintu anta meM vaha usI ke vazIbhUta ho jAtA hai| yAni pahale nAvika naukA calAtA thA aura bAda meM naukA nAvika ko calAtI hai| yaha hAsyAspada sthiti hai / yUnAnI dArzanika pleTo ne ucita hI kahA hai ki kra ddha vyakti una vyaktiyoM kI taraha hai, jo apane sira ke bala para khar3e haiM / ve sabhI bAteM ulaTI dizA meM socate haiM, dekhate haiN| yUnAnI dArzanika plyuTArka kA bhI yahI kathana hai ki krodha samajhadArI ko ghara se bAhara nikAla detA hai aura vivekarUpI dvAra kI caTakhanI lagA detA hai| saMskRta meM eka prasiddha padya hai rAgaM dRzorvapuSi kampamanekarUpaM, citte vivekarahitAni ca cintitAni puMsAmamArgagamanaM samadaHkhajAtaM, kopaM karoti sahasAmadirAmadazca For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 39 ] gItA meM likhA hai-krodha se aviveka utpanna hotA hai| aviveka se smaraNa zakti bhramita ho jAtI hai / bhramita smRti se buddhi arthAt jJAnazakti kA nAza ho jAtA hai aura buddhi ke nAza ho jAne se puruSa apane zreya sAdhana se gira jAtA hai / ___isa prakAra hama pAte haiM ki krodha se viveka vikRta ho jAtA hai| phalataH AtmA kI zAnti bhaMga ho jAtI haiM / vyakti apane Upara kAbU kho detA hai| vicAra kI spaSTatA naSTa ho jAtI hai| paristhiti kI pakar3a se vaha rahita ho jAtA hai / Azaya yahI hai ki krodha se huI vivekazUnyatA aneka durguNoM kI jananI hai / krodha svAsthya ke lie hAnikara : ___ mana aura zarIra meM ghaniSTha sambandha haiN| svastha-zarIra meM svasthamana rahatA hai / svastha-mana hI samyak rUpeNa vivekayukta hotA hai| zArIrika asvasthatA svastha-mana ke lie ghAtaka hai| daihika roga zarIra kI svasthatA meM hAnikara hai| mAnasika roga mana kI svasthatA meM hAnikara hai| mAnasika roga aneka haiN| krodha bhI eka mAnasika roga hai| yaha roga bar3A bhayaMkara hotA hai| zarIra aura mana donoM kI svasthatA ko yaha grasa letA hai / tulasIdAsa ne krodha ko pitta kahA hai| jo sadA chAtI jalAtA rahatA hai| unhoMne kahA hai, 'krodha pitta nija chAtI jaaraa| Aja manovaijJAnikoM ne bhI krodha ko mUka roga mAnA haiN| unakI mAnyatA hai ki krodha kA duSprabhAva mana aura zarIra para par3atA hai| krodha hamArI snAyavika zakti ko naSTa karatA hai| isase snAyavika tanAva bar3hatA hai| yaha tanAva mAnasika aura zArIrika dRSTi se ghAtaka hotA hai / zarIra kI granthiyoM para bhI isakA burA prabhAva par3atA hai| isase ve granthiyA~, jo zarIra kI rakSA aura aura vRddhi ke lie upayogI hotI haiM yA anupayogI tattvoM ko zarIra se bAhara nikAlatI haiM, asantulita evaM aniyantrita ho jAtI haiN| pariNAmataH nAr3iyoM meM rakta-pravAha tIvra ho jAtA haiM / isase mastiSka kI zirAoM tathA dhamaniyoM ke phaTa jAne kA bhI bhaya rahatA hai| ucca raktacApa (blaDa-presara) kA prakopa hone kI sambhAvanA rahatI haiN| isase hRdayAtipAta (hArTa phelyora) jaisI khataranAka bImAriyA~ bhI ho sakatI haiM / 1. gItA, 2-63. 2. rAmavarita mAnasa, uttarakAMDa, dohA 121 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 40 ] krodha kA mana, maStiSka aura zarIra kI svasthatA para kitanA duSprabhAva par3atA hai, isake lie manovaijJAnikoM ne aneka parIkSaNa kiye haiM, unake nirNaya mahattvapUrNa haiN| katipaya pramukha manovaijJAnikoM ke nirNaya yahA~ uddhRta kiye jAte haiM___ avasAda (Diprezana) ke adhikAMza rogI apane bhItara damita krodha pAle rakhate haiN| -eDalara krodha se utpanna hone vAle mastiSka rogoM ne anekoM ko pAgala banA diyA / -DA0 hemana varga __peTa meM hone vAle pepTika alsara kA kAraNa dabA huA krodha hI hai| krodha ke kAraNa AmAzaya kI granthiyA~ tIvra uttejanA meM Akara atyadhika amla rasoM kA srAva karatI haiN| jisase AmAzaya kI dIvAroM para jamI pAliza utara jAtI hai tathA ghAva ho jAte haiN| isI se apaca, gaisa tathA usase zarIra ke sabhI aMgoM meM duHsaha pIr3AeM ghara kara jAtI haiN| -zrI bhAnIrAma agnimukha sAr3he nau ghanTe ke zArIrika zrama se jitanI zakti kSINa hotI hai, pandraha minaTa ke krodha se utanI hI zakti kSINa ho jAtI hai / -DA0 je0 esTara krodha ke kAraNa rakta azuddha ho jAtA hai| azuddhatA ke kAraNa ceharA aura sArA zarIra pIlA par3a jAtA hai| pAcana-zakti bigar3a jAtI hai| naseM khIMcatI haiM, tathA garmI aura khuzkI kA prakopa rahane lagatA hai| sira kA bhArIpana, kamara meM darda, pezAba kA pIlApana krodhajanya upadrava hai| -DA0 arolI sabere se zAma taka kAma karake AdamI itanA nahIM thakatA, jitanA krodha yA cintA se eka ghanTe meM thaka jAtA hai / -enana isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki krodha bhayaMkara roga hai| yaha mAnasika aura zArIrika zakti evaM santulana ko naSTa karatA hai| ataH mana aura zarIra kI svasthatA ke lie krodha tyAjya hai| krodha asamyak mRtyu kA kAraNa : jInA eka kalA hai| maranA bhI eka kalA hai| maraNa jIvana kA upasaMhAra hai| yaha avazyambhAvI haiM / koI samAdhipUrvaka mRtyu-varaNa karatA hai to koI Akula hokara mRtyu se grasita hotA hai / vastutaH For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 41 ] samAdhipUrvaka maraNa meM mAnava mRtyu para vijaya pA letA hai| maranA sabhI ko hai| koI mRtyu ko dvAra para dekhakara bhayabhIta hotA hai to dUsarA usakA svAgata karatA haiM, use Amantrita karatA hai| mRtyu ko AmaMtrita karanA bhI do prakAra se hotA hai-1. jJAnapUrvaka maraNa aura 2. AvezapUrvaka maraNa / zAstrIya zabdoM meM inheM kramazaH samAdhimaraNa aura Atma-hatyA kahA jAtA hai| kintu samAdhimaraNa anAkulatA kI avasthA hai to AtmahatyA Aveza kii| samAdhimaraNa meM samabhAva yA kSamAzIlatA anivArya hotI hai, jabaki Atma-hatyA meM aavesh| Aveza krodha kA abhinna aMga hai| ataH krodha ko Atma-hatyA kA pramukha kAraNa kahA jA sakatA hai| samAdhimaraNa meM vyakti krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko kRza karate hue zarIra ko kRza karatA hai / parantu Atma-hatyA krodha kA hI phala hai / eka meM viveka kA pragaTana hotA hai, dUsare meM usakA vinaash| samAdhimaraNa eka sAmabhAvika avasthA hai aura Atma-hatyA eka sAMvegika avsthaa| AtmahatyA meM manuSya jIvana ke saMgharSoM tathA tanAvoM se utpIr3ita hotA hai aura anta meM krodhAveza meM vaha svayaM ko mRtyu-kror3a meM chipA letA hai| samAdhimaraNadhArI niDara hokara mRtyu ko nimantraNa detA hai, pUrva usase saMgharSa karatA hai| isa kAla meM use zArIrika evaM mAnasika, ayavA Antarika evaM bAhya parISaha, upasarga, kaSTa Adi satAte haiM, jinheM kSamA ke bala para hI vaha parAjita karatA hai / yaha bAta pUrNataH nizcita hai ki manuSya Atma-hatyA tabhI karatA hai, jaba vaha krodha yA Aveza kA zikAra hotA hai| yaha maraNa eka prakAra kA jIvana-droha hai| isameM nirAzA hai, bhIrUtA hai, kAyaratA haiN| pArAzarasmRti ke anusAra krodha ke vazIbhUta hokara Atma-hatyA karane vAlA sATha hajAra varSoM taka narakAvAsa karatA hai| kSamA kA amRta aura krodha kA viSa : ___ amRta antar meM upalabdha hai, kintu vaha viSa se AvRtta hai / viSa ke AvaraNa ko haTAne para hI amRta kA srota pragaTa hotA hai| prazna hai, 'viSa kyA hai' ? uttara hai, krodha hI viSa hai / nirvikAra kSamAzIla jIvana amRtamaya hai to krodhAdi vikAroM se yukta jIvana viSamaya hai| mAnava ko amRta evaM viSa donoM upalabdha hai| amRta usakA * pAzAra smRti, 4.1.2 2. gautama kulaka, 4 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 42 ] svabhAva hai to viSa usakA vibhAva hai, jo bAhya kAraNoM se utpanna hotA hai / kSamA amRta hai, aura krodha viSa / jahA~ eka vikAsaka hai, vahA~ dUsarA vipAtaka hai, vinAzaka hai / ___ krodha AtmaghAtaka vikAra hai / krodha rUpI sarpa ghRNA aura vidveSa rUpI viSa se yukta hai| aise viSa kA pAna ziva jaise devatA hI kara sakate haiN| janasAdhAraNa sAmAnya sarpa ko hI viSailA samajhatA hai / kintu krodhI sarpa sAmAnya sarpa se bhI jyAdA viSailA aura khataranAka hotA hai| sarpa viSailA hotA hai, parantu vaha usake lie hAnikAraka nahIM hotaa| vaha to jise kATatA hai, usI ke lie ghAtaka hotA hai| jabaki krodha rUpa viSa kA prabhAva svayaM para evaM dUsare para bhI par3atA hai / ataH krodha se bar3hakara viSa aura kauna ho sakatA hai ? kahA bhI hai krodhasya kAlakUTasya, vidyate mahadantaram / svAzrayaM dahati krodhaH, kAlakUTo na cAzrayam / / ataH krodha kA viSa atyadhika kSati kara hotA hai| usakI mAra bahuta dUra taka hotI hai / isalie krodha ke utpanna hote hI use samApta kara denA caahiye| nahIM to isakA pariNAma bhayaMkara AtA hai| jainadharma meM krodha ko nindA : - jaina-AcAra darzana meM krodha ko AdhyAtmika evaM naitika donoM dRSTi se anucita mAnA gayA hai| jaina zAstroM meM ise kaSAya aura Abhyantara parigraha kahA hai / krodha kI AlocanA karate hue zeyyambhava sUri ne likhA haiM ki krodha prIti kA vinAzaka haiN| gautamakulakakAra ne krodha ko apakIrti aura asthira buddhi kA mukhya kAraNa batAyA hai| krodha eka viSa hai--yaha unakA aTala vizvAsa hai / unakI mAnyatA hai ki krodha se parAjita vyakti sukha nahIM pAte / deha rUpI ghara meM krodha ke rahane se tIna vikAra hote haiM-krodha svayaM tapatA haiM aura dUsaroM ko pIr3ita karatA haiM tathA dhana kA nukazAna karatA haiN| krodha vinaya-vinAzaka, pIr3A-dAyaka, mitratA kA bhedaka, udvaga kA utpAdaka, kIti-nAzaka, durgati-dAyaka aura puNya ko mAra bhagAne vAlA hai / ataH .1. uddhRt, saMskRta zloka saMgraha, 53.1 2. sthAnAMga sUtra, 4.4.. 3. bhagavatI ArAdhanA; 1118. 4. dazavaikAlika, 8.38 5. zrI gautama kulakam, 3,4, 5 6 . zrI kAmaghaTa kayAnakam, 80 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 43 ] 14 buddhimAn puruSoM ko isakA parityAga kara denA cAhiye / nizItha bhASyakAra kI dRSTi meM jyoM-jyoM krodha kI vRddhi hotI hai, tyoM-tyoM caritra kI satata hAni hotI hai / " devaddha gaMNi ke matAnusAra ugrakrodha, jo parvata kI darAra ke samAna jIvana meM kabhI nahIM miTatA hai, vaha AtmA ko naraka gati kI ora le jAtA hai / " AcArya zivakoTi ne to krodhI puruSa ko rAkSasa kI upamA dI hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki kuddha mAnava rAkSasa ke samAna bhayaMkara ho jAte haiM / unakA yaha bhI kathana hai ki krodha se mAnava kA hRdaya raudra bana jAtA hai / vaha mAnava hone para bhI naraka ke jIva jaisA AcaraNa karane laga jAtA hai / AcArya vasunandi ne krodha ko sAmAjika pariveza meM ghAtaka kahA hai / unakA kathana hai ki krodha meM andhA huA vyakti nikaTa meM khar3I mAtA, bahina aura baccoM ko bhI mArane laga jAtA hai / isI prakAra AcArya Ananda RSi kA kathana hai ki krodha eka tUphAna ke samAna AtA hai, jo viveka kI jyoti ko bujhA detA hai / viveka ke abhAva meM vaha krodhI ko to jalAtA hI haiM, sAtha hI usake kavacanoM kI cinagAriyA~ jisa kisI para bhI par3atI haiM, vaha bhI jalane lagatA hai / niSkarSataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki jainadharma meM krodha ko Antarika evaM bAhya jIvana meM kSatikara batalAyA hai / manuSya ko na to svayaM para krodha karanA cAhiye aura na hI dUsaroM para yahI jainadharma kA upadeza haiM / krodha para vijaya prApta karanI cAhiye / krodha ko jIta lene se kSamA-bhAva jAgRta hotA haiM / " hindU dharma meM krodha kI nindA : hindU AcAradarzana meM krodha ko burA samajhate hue use tyAjya batAyA gayA hai / atharvaveda meM sUtra hai ki 'yadagnirApo adahat arthAt krodha rUpI agni jIvana rasa ko jalA detI hai / 8 purANAnusAra krodha zarIrastha duSTa zatruoM meM se eka hai / ' vAmana purANa meM krodha kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai / usameM likhA hai ki krodha aparimita mukhavAlA prANanAzaka zatru hai / krodha bar3I teja dhAra kA 1. kAmaghaTakathAnakam, 78 2. nizItha bhASya, 2760 3. sthAnAGga, 4/2 4. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1361 5. vasunandi zrAvakAcAra, 67. 6. Ananda-pravacana, bhAga 1, pRSTha 53. 7. uttarAdhyayana, 26. 67. 8. atharvaveda, 1.25.1 9. uddhRta - hindI zabdasAgara, pRSTha 1060 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 44 ] khaDga hai / krodha saba kucha hara letA hai / mAnava jo tapa, saMyama aura dAna Adi karatA hai, usa sabako vaha krodha ke kAraNa naSTa kara DAlatA haiM / ataH krodha ko tyAganA hI zreyaskara hai / isI grantha meM yaha bhI nirdiSTa hai ki krodhI puruSa jo kucha pUjana karatA hai, pratidina jo dAna karatA hai, jo tapa karatA hai aura jo havana karatA hai, usakA use isa loka meM koI phala nahIM milatA / usa krodhI ke sabhI kArya vRthA hote haiM / 2 viSNupurANa meM bhI isI bAta kI puSTi karate hue kahA gayA hai ki vatsa ! mAnava dvArA bahuta kleza se saMcita kiyA huA yaza aura tapa ko bhI krodha sarvathA vinaSTa kara DAlatA hai / ataH mUrkhoM ko hI krodha AtA hai, jJAniyoM ko nahIM / * krodha para vijaya prApta karane meM yAjJavalkyopaniSatkAra kA vaktavya sahAyaka hai ki yadi tU apakAra karane vAle para krodha karatA hai, to krodha para hI krodha kyoM nahIM karatA, jo sabase adhika upakAra karane vAlA hai / " krodha se saba kArya vaise nahIM banate jaise zAMti se / deg 5 gItA meM krodha ko AsurI vRtti evaM naraka kA dvAra' kahA gayA hai, aura yaha batAyA gayA hai ki krodha-mukta puruSa kalyANa kA AcaraNa karatA hai / " apakAra karane vAle para bhI krodha kA na honA, gItA meM daivI sampadA ko prApta puruSa kA lakSaNa batAyA gayA hai / 1deg gItA meM krodha kI kaTu AlocanA bhI kI gayI hai / usameM likhA hai ki krodha se mUr3hatA paidA hotI hai, mUr3hatA se smRti bhrAnta ho jAtI hai, smRti bhrAnta hone se buddhi naSTa ho jAtI hai aura buddhi naSTa ho jAne para prANI 1. krodhaH prANaharaH zatruH krodhomitamukho ripuH krodho'si sumahAtIkSNaH sarva krodho'karSati / tate yatate caiva yaccadAnaM prayacchati, krodhena sarvaharati tasmAt krodhaM vivarjayet // - vAmana purANa S 2. yat krodhano yajati yacca dadAti nityaM, yaddhA tahastapati yacca juhoti tasya / prApnoti naivakimapIha phalaM hiloke, moghaM phalaM bhavati tasya hi kopanasya // - - vahI 3. savitasyApi mahato vatsa klezena mAnavaiH / yazasasta pasazcaiva krodho nArAkaraH paraH / - viSNupurANa 4. viSNupurANa, 1.1.17 6. zrImadbhAgavata, ( 8. 6. 24 ) 7. gItA, 16.2-3 vahI, 16.21 9. vahI, 16. 22. 5. yAjJavalkyopaniSad, 26 10. gItA, 2.63 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 45 ] svayaM naSTa ho jAtA hai / mAnava krodha meM pAgala hokara gurujanoM ke prati anargala pralApa kara detA hai / vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gaI hai ki krodha se unmatta huA manuSya kauna-sA pApa nahIM kara DAlatA, vaha apane gurujanoM kI bhI hatyA kara detA hai / ' krodhita manuSya nahIM jAnatA ki kyA kahane yogya hai aura kyA kahane yogya nahIM hai / krodhI ke lie na kucha akArya hai aura na kucha akathanIya hI hai / 3 ve puruSa dhanya haiM jo utpanna hue krodha ko vaise hI roka lete haiM jaise pAnI Aga ko / vahI puruSa mahAtmA kahalAtA hai, jo paidA hue krodha ko kSamA ke dvArA vaise hI dUra kara detA hai, jaise sarpa keMculI ko / rAmacarita mAnasa hindU samAja meM vizruta dhArmika grantha hai / usameM bhI krodha kI vividha prakAra se nindA kI gaI hai / isameM krodha ko prabala duSTa, pApa kA mUla dharma kA vinAzaka, moha- senA kA eka aMga, ' naraka kA paMtha 10 Adi batAyA gayA hai / krodha kI AlocanA karate hue tulasIdAsa jI kahate haiM- 1 9 lakhana kaheu haMsi sunahu murti krodha pApa kara mUla / jehi basa jana anucita kahi cahiM vizva pratikUla // 1 lakSmaNa ne muskarA kara parazurAma se kahA - munijI ! krodha pApa galata kAma kara baiThate haiM aura kI jar3a hai / krodha ke prabhAva meM mAnava vizva meM krodha se anartha ho jAtA hai / vaizeSika darzana meM krodha ko dva eSa kA eka bheda mAnA hai aura use droha Adi kI apekSA zIghra naSTa ho jAnevAlA kahA hai / 12 isa prakAra sampUrNa bhAratIya AcAra-darzana meM krodha ko laukika evaM pAralaukika donoM dRSTi se anucita mAnA gayA hai aura isakA 1. gItA, zAMkarabhASya 2.63. 2. vAlmIki rAmAyaNa, sundarakANDa, 55.4. 3. vahI, sundarakANDa, 55.5. 4. vahI, sundarakANDa,. 55.4. 6. rAmacaritamAnasa, araNyakANDa, dohA 38 8. vahI, kiSkidhAkAMDa, dohA 15 5. vahI, sundarakANDa, 55.6. 7. vahI, bAlakANDa, 6. araNyakAMDa, dohA 43. 19. vahI, bAlakANDa, 10. sundarakANDa, dohA 38. 12. hindI zabdasAgara, pRSTha 1060 For Personal & Private Use Only

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. [ 46 ] tyAga karanA anivArya batAyA hai| bauddhadharma meM krodha kI nindA : ___ bauddha-dharma ke pravartaka bhagavAn buddha ne krodha ko tyAgane kA upadeza diyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki krodha na kreN| krodha ke vaza na hoveN| jo krodha karatA hai, vaha svayaM AnA ahita karatA hai, parantu jo krodha kA javAba krodha se nahIM detA vaha vijayI ho jAtA hai| pratipakSI ko krodhAMdha dekhakara jo atyanta zAnta rahatA hai, vaha apanA aura parAyA donoM kA hI hita-sAdhana karatA hai| buddha kA kathana hai, jo car3he hue krodha ko calate hae ratha kI taraha roka letA hai, usI ko maiM sArathI kahatA hU~, dUsare to kevala lagAma pakar3ane vAle haiN| pUnaH ve kahate haiM, krodha na kro| zatrutA ko bhUla jaao| apane zatruoM ko maitrI se jIta lo| krodhAgni zAnta rahanI caahie| yahI buddha kA anuzAsana buddha ne krodhapara vijaya prApta karane ke lie akrodha kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / unhoMne udghoSita kiyA hai ki akrodha se krodha ko jiiteN| akrodhI ko duHkha santApa nahIM dete|' akrodhI devatAoM ke pAsa jAte haiN|' saMyuttanikAya meM eka aisA prasaMga upalabdha hotA hai jo krodha kA nAza karane kI preraNA detA hai| usameM likhA hai ki bhAradvAja gotrIya brAhmaNa ne buddha se pUchA-kisakA nAza kara manuSyasukha se sotA hai ? kisakA nAza kara zoka nahIM karatA? kisa eka dharma kA, badha karanA, he gautama ! Apako rucatA hai ? bhagavAn ne kahAkrodha kA nAza kara sukha se sotA hai, krodha kA nAza kara zoka nahIM karatA, viSa ke mUla svarUpa krodha kA, he brAhmaNa ! jo pahale bar3A acchA lagatA hai / badha karanA uttama puruSoM se prazaMsita hai, usI kA nAza karake manuSya zoka nahIM krtaa| ... isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bauddha dharma meM krodha ko anu1. dhammapada, 17.4. 2. buddhalIlAsAra saMgraha pRSTha 306 3. dhammapada, 17.2. 4. uddhRta-bhagavAn buddha aura unakA dharma (DA0 AMbeDakara), pRSTha 283. 5. dhammapada 17.3. 6. vahI, 17.1 . 7. vahI, 17.4. 8. saMyutta nikAya 7.1.1 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 47 / cita dharma mAnA hai| aura usase dUra rahane ke lie preraNA dI gaI hai| kAdha ko nirbala karane kA upAya-maunaH - mauna kSamA kI abhivyakti hai / donoM eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM / arabI kahAvata hai ki mauna ke vRkSa para zAnti ke phala lagate haiN| sahI hai| krodha ko mauna zAnta karatA hai| mauna se krodha kA nAza hotA hai| yaha krodha kI acUka davA hai| mauna meM krodha kI abhivyakti nahIM hotii| aisA vyakti svayaM zAnta rahatA hai, dUsaroM ko bhI zAnta karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai| maunavratI para koI krodha nahIM kara sktaa| ubalA huA dUdha tabhI uphanegA jaba usako agni kA saMyoga milegaa| ThaMDe jala ke Age usake uphanane kI zakti samApta ho jAtI hai / maunI ke mukha kI khir3akI banda hotI hai / jaba ki kaThora vANI hI krodha kA poSaNa karatI hai / isalie krodha ko durvacanoM se vizeSa prema hotA hai| kAraNa, krodha ko kevala kaThora vacanoM kA hI bala hai| jaba vyakti vacana-bala se rikta hogA to vaha krodhavRtti se yukta kaise hogA ? ataH hamAre apane krodha ko nirmala karane meM mauna sahAyaka hai / hA~! maunavratI meM parokSa rUpa meM krodha kA udbhava ho sakatA hai kintu vaha krodha nirantara banA huA nahIM rahatA hai| vaha pAnI ke bulabuloM kI taraha kSaNika hotA hai| usakA hRdaya para koI duSprabhAva nahIM par3atA hai| mauna pavitratama vicAroM kA mandira hai| isake dvArA indriyoM para niyantraNa ho jAtA hai| isase vyakti upazamayukta banatA hai| prasaMga Ane para hameM mauna ho jAnA caahie| krodha kA dvAra banda kara detA hai| 'raMgabhUmi' meM premacanda ne likhA hai ki "krodha atyanta kaThora hotA hai| vaha dekhanA cAhatA hai ki merA eka vacana rUpI tIra nizAne para baiThatA hai yA nahIM ! krodha kI zakti apAra hai, aisA koI ghAtaka zastra nahIM hai, jisase bar3hakara kATa karane vAle yantra usakI yantrazAlA meM na hoM, lekina mauna vaha mantra hai, jisake Age usakI sArI zakti viphala ho jAtI haiN| mauna usake lie ajeya hai|" sacamuca, 'maunaM sarvArthasAdhanam / / 1. paMcatantra, 4.48 For Personal & Private Use Only

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[ 48 ] upasaMhAra : niSkarSataH hama dekhate haiM ki kSamA bahuAyAmI aura bahuprabhAvI tattva hai| krodha ko upazAnta kara kSamA kI sAdhanA se vyakti AdhyAtmika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM vikAsa kara sakatA hai| vastutaH kSamA AdhyAtmika evaM sAmAjika donoM hI kSetroM ke lie Avazyaka hai| AdhyAtmika kSetra meM vaha vidveSa evaM tajjanita AkUlatA ko samApta kara hameM sva-svabhAva meM sthita karatI hai to sAmAjika jIvana meM vaha paraspara sauhArdra aura saumanasya kI sthApanA karatI hai| - Aja vaijJAnika sAdhanoM ke kAraNa vizva kI dUriyA~ simaTatI jA rahI haiN| bAhya rUpa meM manuSya eka dUsare ke bahata nikaTa A gayA hai| kintu durbhAgya yahI hai ki hamAre hRdaya kI dUriyA~ bar3hatI jA rahI haiN| vAstava meM kSamA hI eka aisA tattva hai jo hRdayoM kI ina dariyoM ko samApta kara manuSya ko eka-dUsare ke nikaTa lA sakatA hai| paryuSaNa ke punIta avasara para kSamA kI sAdhanA kA artha yahI hai ki hamArI pArasparika dUriyA~ kama hoM aura hamAre sAmAjika jIvana meM sauhArdra evaM saumanasya bar3he / vastutaH jaba kSamA ke svara mukharita hoMge tabhI zAnti kI vINA baja skegii| kSamA kI sAdhanA hI eka aisA upAya hai jo antaH aura bAhya-donoM hI jIvana meM zAnti kI sthApanA kara sakatA hai / kAza, hama isa dizA meM Age bar3he aura mAnava-samAja ko jo Aja antaH aura bAhya donoM rUpoM meM azAnta hai, zAnti kA cira-saukhya pradAna kara skeN| For Personal & Private Use Only

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50 aashshshshikll shsh shshsh shshikll kll klllu zrI vItarAgAya namaH saMvatsarI parva, vIra saMvat 2510 kSamA-prArthanA jaagy 5 Atma-zodhana ke pAcana-pava paryuSaNa ke punIta avasara para pApa-paGka kA prakSAlana karane hetu pramAda kI paravazatA meM huI bhUloM beTiyoM ke lie hama hRdaya se kSamA yAcanA karate haiN| hamAre vigata vyavahAra se yadi ApakI manobhAvanAoM ko koI Thesa pahuMcI ho aura manomAlinya kA koI avasara upasthita huA ho to kSamA kI nirmala gaGgA meM unapApa-kalamaSoM kA visarjana kara hama sabhI Atma-vizuddhi ke pAvana patha para agrasara hoN| :325E0%250000000000003 shshjaashkshyshvr shng kSamAprArthI : muni mahimAprabha sAgara muni lalitaprabha sAgara suni candraprabha sAgara samparka sUtra: 1. zrI jaina zve. mandira, ke. 24/5 rAmaghATa, vArANasI-220001 42.pA. vi. zodha saMsthAna, bI. eca. yU., vArANasI-220005 OMxxxxxxxxxxxcsar For Personal & Private Use Only