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________________ akalaGkagranthatraya aura usake kartA granthakAra AcArya akalaGkadeva zrImadbhaTTAkalaGkadeva kI jIvanagAthA na to unhoMne svayaM ho likho hai aura na tannikaTasamayavartI kinhIM dUsare AcAryoMne ho / upalabdha kathAkozoM meM sabase purAne hariSeNakRta kathAkozameM samantabhadra aura akalaMka jaise yugapradhAna AcAryoMkI kathAe~ hI nahIM haiM / hariSeNane svayaM apane kathAkozakA samAptikAla zakasaMvat 853 ( I0 941) likhA hai / prabhAcandrakRta gadyakathAkozameM akalaMkakI kathA milatI hai| paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI isakA racanAkAla vikramako caudahavIM sadI anumAna karate haiM / prabhAcandra ke gadyakathAkozako hI brahmacArI nemidattane vikramasaMvat 1575 ke AsapAsa padyarUpameM parivartita kiyA hai / devacandrakRta kanar3I bhASAkI 'rAjAvalIkathe' meM bhI akalaMkakI kathA hai| isakA racanAkAla 16vIM sadIke bAda hai / isa taraha kathAgranthoM meM caudahavIM sadI se pahilekA koI kathAgrantha nahIM milatA jisameM akalaMkakA caritra to kyA nirdeza taka bhI ho / akalaMkadevake 600 varSa bAdakI ina kathAoMkA itivRttajJa vidvAn pUre-pUre rUpameM anusaraNa nahIM karate haiM / inake sivAya akalaMkake zAstrArthakA ullekha malliSeNaprazasti meM hai / yaha prazasti vikramasaMvat 1185 meM likhI gaI thI / akalaMkake pitAkA nAma rAjavArtika prathamAdhyAyake anta meM Ae hue 'jIyAccira' zloka meM 'laghuhabva' likhA huA hai| isa taraha akalaMkake jIvanavRttakI sAmagrI nahIM vat hai / jo hai bhI vaha itano bAda kI hai ki usapara anya prabala sAdhaka pramANoM ke abhAva meM sahasA jora nahIM diyA jA sakatA / paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIne kathAkoza Adike AdhArase jainahitaiSI ( bhAga 11 aMka 7-8 ) meM akalaMka - devakA jIvana vRttAnta likhA hai / usIke AdhArase nyAyakumudacandrakI prastAvanA meM bhI bahuta kucha likhA gayA hai / yahA~ maiM usakA piSTapeSaNa na karake sirpha unhIM muddoMpara kucha vicAra prakaTa karU~gA, jinake viSaya meM abhI kucha nayA jAnA gayA hai tathA anumAna karaneke lie prerakasAmagrI saMkalita kI jA sakI hai| khAsakara samayanirNayArtha kucha Abhyantara sAmagrI upasthita karanA hI isa samaya mukhyarUpase prastuta hai; kyoMki isa dizA meM jaisI gaMjAiza hai vaisA prayatna nahIM huA / 1. janmabhUmi- pitRkula prabhAcandra ke gadyakathAkoza tathA usIke parivartitarUpa brahmacArI ne midattake ArAdhanAkathAkozake lekhAnusAra akalaMkakA janmasthAna mAnyakheTa nagarI hai| ve vahA~ke rAjA zubhatuMga ke mantrI puruSottamake jyeSTha putra the / zrI devacandrakRta kanar3I bhASAke rAjAvalIkathe nAmaka granthameM unheM kAJcIke jinadAsa brAhmaNakA putra batAyA hai| inakI mAtAkA nAma jinamatI thaa| tIsarA ullekha rAjavArtikake prathama adhyAyake anta meM pAyA jAne vAlA yaha zloka hai-- "jIyAcciramakalaMkabrahmA laghuhavvanRpativaratanayaH / anavaratanikhilajana nutavidyaH prazastajanahRdyaH // " isa ilokake anusAra ve laghuhavva rAjAke varatanaya - jyeSTha putra the / vidvAnoMkI AjatakakI paryAlocanAse jJAta hotA hai ki ve rAjAvalIkathekA varNana pramANakoTimeM nahIM mAnate aura kathAkozake varNanakI apekSA unakA jhukAva rAjavArtikake zlokakI ora adhika dikhAI detA hai / mujhe to aisA lagatA hai ki -laghuhabva aura puruSottama eka hI vyakti haiN| rASTrakUTavaMzIya indrarAjadvitIya tathA kRSNarAja prathama bhAI-bhAI the / indrarAja dvitIya kA putra dantidurgadvitIya apane pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda rAjyAdhikArI huA / karnATaka prAntameM pitAko avva yA appa zabdase kahate haiM / sambhava hai ki dantidurga apane 4-1
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________________ 2: DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha cAcA kRSNarAjako bhI avva zabdase kahatA ho| yaha to eka sAdhAraNa-sA niyama hai ki jise rAjA 'avva' kahatA ho, use prajA bhI 'avva' zabdase hI khegii| kRSNarAja jisakA dUsarA nAma zubhatuMga thA, dantidurgake bAda rAjyAdhikArI huA / mAlama hotA hai ki-puruSottama kRSNarAjake prathamase hI laghu sahakArI rahe haiM, isalie svayaM dantidurga evaM prajAjana inako 'laghu avva' zabdase kahate hoNge| bAdameM kRSNarAjake rAjyakAlameM ye kRSNarAjake maMtrI bane hoNge| kRSNarAja apanI pariNata avasthAmeM rAjyAdhikArI hae the / isaliye yaha mAnanemeM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki-puruSottamakI avasthA bhI karIba-karIba utanI hI hogI aura jyeSTha putra akalaMka dantidurgakI sabhAmeM, jinakA upanAma 'sAhasatuMga' kahA jAtA hai, apane himazItalakI sabhAmeM honevAle zAstrArthakI bAta khe| puruSottamakA 'laghuavva' nAma itanA rUr3ha ho gayA thA ki akalaMka bhI unake asalI nAma puruSottamakI apekSA prasiddha nAma 'laghuavva' adhika pasanda karate hoMge / yadi rAjavArtikavAlA zloka akalaMka yA tatsamakAlIna kisI anya AcAryakA hai to usameM puruSottamakI jagaha 'laghuavva' nAma AnA svAbhAvika hI hai| 'ladhuavva' eka tAllukedAra hokara bhI viziSTa rAjamAnya to the ho aura isIlie ve bhI nRpati kahe jAte the| akalaMka unake varatanaya-jyeSTha putra yA zreSTha putra the| yadyapi abhI taka itihAsase yaha mAlama ho sakA hai ki-mAnyakheTa rAjadhAnIkI pratiSThA mahArAja amoghavarSane kI thii| para isameM sabhI aitihAsika vidvAnoMkA ekamata nahIM hai| yaha to sambhava hai ki amoghavarSane isakA jIrNoddhAra karake punaH pratiSThA kI ho, kyoMki amoghavarSa ke pahile bhI 'mAnyapura, mAnyAn' Adi ullekha milate haiN| athavA yaha mAna bhI liyA jAya ki amoghavarSane hI mAnyakheTako pratiSThita kiyA thaa| taba bhI isase kathAkozako bAteM sarvathA aprAmANika nahIM kahI jA sktii| isase to itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki-kathAkozakArake samayameM rASTrakuTavaMzIya rAjAoMkI rAjadhAnI Amataurase mAnyakheTa prasiddha thI aura isIliye kathAkozakArane zubhatuMgakI rAjadhAnI bhI mAnyakheTa likha dI hai / yadi puruSottama aura laghuavvake eka hI vyakti honekA anumAna satya hai to kahanA hogA ki akalaMkadevakI janmabhUmi mAnyakheTake hI Asa pAsa hogI tathA pitAkA asalI nAma puruSottama tathA pracalita nAma 'laghuanva' hogaa| 'laghuavva' kI jagaha 'laghuhabva' kA honA to uccAraNakI vividhatA aura prati ke lekhanavaicitryakA phala hai| 2. samaya vicAra akalaMkake samayake viSayameM mukhyatayA do mata hai| pahilA svargIya DaoN0 ke0 bI0 pAThakakA aura dUsarA pro0 zrIkaNTha zAstrI tathA paM0 jugalakizora mukhtaarkaa| DaoN0 pAThaka malliSeNaprazastike 'rAjan sAhasatuMga' zlokake AdhArase inheM rASTrakUTavaMzIya rAjA dantidurga yA kRSNarAja prathama akalaMkacaritake-"vikramArkazakAbdIyazatasaptapramAjuSi / kAle'kalaMkaya tino bauddharvAdo mahAnabhUt // " isa zlokake 'vikramArkazakAbda' zabdakA zakasaMvat artha karate haiN| ataH inake matAnusAra akalaMkadeva zakasaMvat 700 ( I0 778 ) meM jIvita the| dUsare pakSameM zrIkaNThazAstrI tathA mukhtArasA0 'vikramArkazakAbda' kA vikramasaMvata artha karake akalaMka devakI sthiti vikrama saM0 700 ( I0 643 ) meM batalAte haiN| prathamamatakA samarthana sva0 DaoN0 Ara0 jI0 bhANDArakara, sva0 DaoN0 satIzacandra vidyAbhUSaNa tathA paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI Adi vidvAnoMne kiyA hai| isake samarthanArtha harivaMzapurANa (1131 ) meM akalaMkadevakA smaraNa, akalaMka dvArA dharmakIrtikA khaMDana tathA prabhAcandrake kathAkozameM akalaMkako zubhatuMgakA mantriputra batalAyA jAnA Adi yuktiyA~ prayukta kI gaI haiN|
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha:3 dUsare matake samarthaka pro0 e0 ena0 upAdhye aura paM0 kailAzacandrajI zAstrI Adi hai / isa matake samarthanArtha vIrasena dvArA dhavalATIkAmeM rAjavAtikake avataraNa liye jAnA, haribhadra ke dvArA 'akalaMka nyAya' zabdakA prayoga, siddhasenagaNikA siddhi-vinizcayavAlA ullekha, jinadAsagaNi mahattara dvArA nizIthacUNi meM siddhivinizcayakA darzanaprabhAvaka zAstrarUpase likhA jAnA Adi pramANa diye gaye haiN| hamArI vicArasaraNi-kisI eka AcAryakA yA usake granthakA anya AcArya samakAlIna hokara bhI ullekha aura samAlocana kara sakate haiM, aura uttarakAlIna hokara bhI / para isameM hameM isa bAtapara dhyAna rakhanA hogA ki ullekhAdi karanevAlA AcArya jaina hai yA jainetara / apane sampradAyameM to jaba mAmUlIse thor3A bhI acchA vyakti, jisakI pravRtti itaramata nirasana ke dvArA mArgaprabhAvanAkI ora adhika hotI hai, bahuta jaldI khyAta ho jAtA hai, taba asAdhAraNa vidvAnoMkI to bAta hI kyA ? svasampradAyameM prasiddhike liye adhika samayakI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| ataH svasampradAyake AcAryoM dvArA pUrvakAlIna tathA samakAlIna AcAryoMkA ullekha kiyA jAnA ThIka hai| itanA hI nahIM; para svasampradAyameM to kisI vRddha AcArya dvArA asAdhAraNapratibhAzAlI yuvaka AcAryakA bhI ullekha honA sambhava hai| para anya sampradAyake AcAryoM dvArA samAlocana yA ullekha hone yogya prasiddhi ke lie kucha samaya avazya hI apekSita hotA hai| kyoMki 12-13 sau varSa pUrvake sAmpradAyika vAtAvaraNameM asAdhAraNa prasiddhike binA anya sampradAyake AcAryoMpara isa prakArakI chApa nahIM par3a sakatI, jisase ve ullekha karane meM tathA samAlocana yA anusaraNa karane meM pravRtta hoN| ataH sampradAyAntarake ullekha yA samAlocana karanevAle AcArya se samAlocya yA ullekhanIya AcAryake samayameM samakAlIna honepara bhI 15-20 varSa jitane samayakA paurvAparya mAnanA vizeSa sayuktika jAna par3atA hai| yadyapi isake apavAda mila sakate haiM aura milate bhI hai; para sAdhAraNatayA yaha praNAlI satyamArgonmukha hotI hai / dUsare samAnakAlIna lekhakoMke dvArA likhI gaI vizvasta sAmagrIke abhAvameM granthoMke AntarikaparIkSaNako adhika mahattva denA satyake adhika nikaTa pahu~canekA prazasta mArga hai| Antarika parIkSaNake sivAya anya bAhya sAdhanoMkA upayoga to khIMcatAna karake donoM ora kiyA jA sakatA hai, tathA loga karate bhI haiM / maiM yahA~ isI vicAra paddhatike anusAra vicAra kruuNgaa| akalaMkake granthoMke Antarika avalokanake AdhArase merA vicAra spaSTarUpase akalaMkake samayake viSayameM DaoN0 pAThakake matakI ora hI adhika jhukatA hai| hA~, merI samarthanapaddhati DaoN0 pAThakakI samarthana paddhatise bhinna hai / maiM pahile virodhI matako una eka do khAsa yuktiyoMkI AlocanA karUMgA jinake AdhArapara unakA mata sthira hai, phira una vicAroMko vistArase likhaMgA jinane merI mati DaoN0 pAThakake matasamarthanako ora jhukaaii| AlocanA-(1) nizIthacuNimeM siddhivinizcayakA darzanaprabhAvakarUpase ullekha hai to shii| yaha bhI ThIka hai ki isake kartA jinadAsagaNimahattara hai, kyoMki nizIthacUrNike antameM dI haI gAthAse unakA nAma spaSTarUpase nikala AtA hai| para abhI isa cUNike racanAkAlakA pUrA nizcaya nahIM hai| yadyapi nandIcaNikI prAcIna aura vizvasanIya pratimeM usakA racanAsamaya zaka 598 (I0 676 ) diyA hai para isake kartA jinadAsagaNimahattara hai yaha abhI saMdigdha hai| isake kAraNa ye haiM 1-abhI taka paramparAgata prasiddhi hI aisI calI A rahI hai ki nandIcUNi jinadAsakI hai, para koI 1. ina donoM matoMke samarthanakI sabhI yuktiyoMkA vistRta saMgraha nyAyakumudacandrakI prastAvanAmeM dekhanA caahie|
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________________ 4: DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha sAdhakapramANa nahIM milA / bhANDArakara prAcyavidyAsaMzodhana mandirake jainAgama kaiTalaoNgameM pro0 H. R. kApaDiyA ne spaSTa likhA hai ki-nandIcUNike kartA jinadAsa hai yaha praghoSamAtra hai| 2-nizIthacUNikI taraha nandIcUNike antameM jinadAsane apanA nAma nahIM diyaa| 3-nandINike antameM pAI jAnevAlI "NireNa gAmetta mahAsahA jitA, pasUyatI saMkha jagaddhitAkulA / kamaddhitA vIsaMta cititakkharo phuDaM kaheyaM abhihANakammuNA / " isa gAthAke akSaroMko lauTa palaTanepara bhI 'jinadAsa' nAma nahIM nikltaa| 4-nandyadhyayana TIkAke racayitA AcArya malayagiriko bhI caNikArakA nAma nahIM mAlama thA; kyoMki ve apanI TokA' meM pUrvaTIkAkAra AcAryoMkA smaraNa karate samaya haribhadrasUrikA to nAma lekara smaraNa karate haiM jaba ki haribhadrake dvArA AdhAra rUpase avalambita cUNike racayitAkA ve nAmollekha nahIM karake 'tasmai zrINikRte namo'stu' itanA likhakara hI cupa ho jAte haiN| isalie yaha spaSTa hai ki-AcArya malayagiri cUrNikArake nAmase aparicita the; anyathA ve haribhadrakI taraha caNikArakA nAma liye binA nahIM rahate / ataH jaba nandIcUNikI aura nizotharNiko ekakartRkatA hI anizcita hai taba nandIcUrNike samayase nizIthacUNike samayakA nizcaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / isa taraha anizcitasamayavAlA nizIthacUNikA siddhivinizcayavAlA ullekha akalaMkakA samaya I0 676 se pahile le jAne meM sAdhaka nahIM ho sktaa| (2) akalaMkacaritake 'vikramArka zakAbda' vAle ullekhako hameM anya samartha pramANoMke prakAzameM hI dekhanA tathA saMgata karanA hogA; kyoMki akalaMkacarita 15voM 16vIM zatAbdIkA grantha hai / yaha akalaMkase karIba sAta ATha sau varSa bAda banAyA gayA hai| akalaMkacaritake kartAke sAmane yaha paramparA rahI hogI ki 'saMvat 700 meM akalaMkakA zAstrArtha huA thA'; para unheM yaha nizcita mAlUma nahIM thA ki-yaha saMvat vikrama hai yA zaka athavA aura koI ? Age likhe hue 'akalaMkake granthoMkI tulanA' zIrSaka stambhase yaha spaSTa ho jAyagA ki akalaMkane bhartRhari, kumArila, dharmakIrti, prajJAkara, karNakagomi Adi AcAryoMke vicAroMkI AlocanA kI hai / kumArila AdikA kAryakAla san 650 I0 se pahale kisI bhI taraha nahIM jAtA; kyoMki bhartRhari ( san 600 se 650 ) kI AlocanA kumArila Adike granthoMmeM pAI jAtI hai| yadi vikramArka zakAbdase vikramasaMvat vivakSita kiyA jAya to akalaMkako kumArila Adise pUrvakAlIna nahIM to jyeSTha to avazya ho mAnanA pdd'egaa| yaha akalaMkake dvArA jina anya AcAryoMkI samAlocanA kI gaI hai, unake samayase spaSTa hI viruddha par3atA hai| ataH hama isa zlokako itanA mahattva nahIM de sakate, jisase hameM sArI vastusthitiko ulaTakara bhartahari, kumArila, dharmakIrti, prajJAkara aura karNakagomiko, jinameM spaSTarUpase paurvAparya hai khIMcatAnakara samAna kAlameM lAnA par3e / akalaMkadevake granthoMse mAlama hotA hai ki unakA bauddhadarzanaviSayaka abhyAsa dharmakIti tathA unake ziSyoMke mala evaM TIkAgranthoMkA thA / isakA yaha tAtparya nahIM hai ki unhoMne vasubandhu yA dignAgake grantha nahIM dekhe the / kintu bauddhoMke sAtha mahAn zAstrArtha karanevAle akalaMkako una pUrvagranthoMkA dekhanA bhara 1. bhANDArakara prAcyavidyA saMzodhana mandirake jainAgama kaiTalaoNga ( Part II. P. 302 ) meM malayagiriracita likhita tIna nandisUtravivaraNoMkA paricaya hai| uname cUrNikAra tathA haribhadrakA nimna zlokoMmeM smaraNa kiyA hai"nandyadhyayanaM pUrva prakAzitaM yena viSamabhAvArtham / tasmai zroNikRte namostu viduSe paropakRte / / 1 // madhye samastabhapIThaM yazo yasyAbhivarddhata / tasmai zroharibhadrAya namaSTIkAvidhAyine / / 2 // "
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 5 paryApta nahIM thA, unheM to zAstrArtha meM khaNDanIya jaTila yuktijAlakA viziSTa abhyAsa cAhie thA / isaliye zAstrArtha meM upayogI dalIloMke koTikrama meM pUrNa niSNAta akalaMkakA mahAnvAda vikrama 700 meM asaMbhava mAlUma hotA hai; kyoMki dharmakIrti AdikA grantharacanAkAla san 660 se pahile kisI taraha saMbhava nahIM hai / sArAMza yaha ki hameM isa ullekhakI saMgati ke liye anya sAdhaka evaM poSaka pramANa khojane hoNge| maiMne isI dizAmeM yaha prayatna kiyA hai / anya haribhadra, siddhasenagaNi Adi dvArA akalaMkakA ullekha, harivaMza purANama akalaMkakA ullekha, vIrasena dvArA rAjavArtika ke avataraNa liye jAnA Adi aise rabaraprakRtika pramANa haiM, jinheM khIMcakara kahIM bhI biThAyA jA sakatA / ataH unakI nirAdhAra khIMcatAna meM maiM apanA tathA pAThakoMkA samaya kharca nahIM karU~gA / 3. akalaMkake granthoMko tulanA hameM akalaMkake granthoM ke sAtha jina AcAryoMke granthoMkI tulanA karanA hai unake pArasparika paurvAparya evaM samaya nirNayakI khAsa AvazyakatA hai / ataH tulanA likhaneke pahile una khAsa khAsa AcAryoM ke paurvAparya tathA samaya ke viSayakI Avazyaka sAmagrI prastuta kI jAtI hai| isameM prathama bhartRhari kumArila, dharmakIrti, prajJAkara, dharmottara, karNakagomi, zAntarakSita Adi AcAryoMke samaya AdikA vicAra hogA phira inake sAtha akalaMkakI tulanA karake akalaMkadevakA samaya nirNIta hogA / bhartRhari aura kumArila - itsiMga ke ullekhAnusAra bhartRhari usa samayake eka prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa the / usa samaya inakA vAkya viSayaka carcAvAlA vAkyapadIya grantha prasiddha thA / itsiMgane jaba ( san 699 ) apanA yAtrA vRttAnta likhA taba bhartRharikI mRtyu hue 40 varSaM ho cuke the / ataH bhartRharikA samaya san 600-650 taka sunizcita hai / bhatRhari zabdAdvaita darzana ke prasthApaka the / mImAMsakadhurINa kumArilane bhartRharike vAkyapadIyase anekoM zloka uddhRtakara unakI samAlocanA kI hai / yathA "astyarthaH sarvazabdAnAmiti pratyAyyalakSaNam / apUrvadevatAsvagai: samamAhurgavAdiSu / / " - vAkyapadIya 2 / 121 tantravArtika ( pR0 251 - 253 ) meM yaha zloka do jagaha uddhRta hokara Alocita huA hai / isI taraha 1. harivaMzapurANake "indracandrAka jainendravyADivyAkarakSiNaH / devasya devasaMghasya na vandante giraH katham // " ( 1-31 ) isa zloka meM paM kailAzacandrajI devanandikA smaraNa mAnate haiM / usake liye 'devasaMghasya' kI jagaha 'devavandyasya' pATha zuddha batAte haiM (nyAyakumuda prastA0 ) / para isa zloka kA 'indracandrArkajainendravyADivyAkaraNekSiNaH' vizeSaNa dhyAna dene yogya hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki ve deva indra candra arka jainendra vyADi Adi vyAkaraNoMke ikSin draSTA - viziSTa abhyAsI the / devanandi indra Adi vyAkaraNoMke abhyAsI to ho sakate haiM para jainendra vyAkaraNake to ve racayitA the| yadi devanandikA smaraNa harivaMzakArako karanA thA to ve 'jainendrakattuH yA jainendrapraNetuH' aisA koI pada rakhate / eka hI padameM jainendrake karttA tathA indrAdi vyAkaraNoMke abhyAsI devanandikA ullekha vyAkaraNazAstra ke niyamoMse viruddha hai / devanandikA smaraNa mAnane ke lie 'devasaMghasya' kI jagaha 'devavandyasya' pATharUpa kalpanAgauravakA, tathA 'devanandasya' pAThake bhraSTa rUpase devanandikA saMketa mAnane rUpa kliSTakalpanAkA bhAra vyartha hI DhonA par3atA hai / ataH isa zloka meM zabdazAstraniSNAta akalaMkakA hI smaraNa mAnanA cAhie /
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________________ 6 : DaoN mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha tantravArtika ( pR0 209-10 ) meM kumArilane vAkyapadIyake "tattvAvabodhaH zabdAnAM nAsti vyAkaraNAdRte" ( vAkyapa 0 117 ) aMza ko uddhRtakara usakA khaMDana kiyA hai| mImAMsAzlokavArtika ( vAkyAdhikaraNa zloka 51 se) meM vAkyapadIya ( 2 / 1-2 ) meM Ae hue dazavidha vAkyalakSaNoMkA samAlocana kiyA hai| bhartRharike sphoTavAdakI bhI AlocanA kumArilane ( mI0 zlo0 sphoTavAda ) bar3I prakharatAse ko hai / DaoN0 ke0 bI0 pAThakane yaha nirdhArita kiyA hai ki kumArila IsavI sankI 8vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvabhAga meM hue haiN| DaoN0 pAThaka ke dvArA anviSTa pramANoMse itanA to spaSTa hai ki kumArila bhartRhari ( san 650 ) ke bAda hue haiN| ataH kama se kama unakA kAryakAla san 650 ke bAda to hogA; para ve itane bAda to kabhI nahIM ho skte| mere 'dharmakIrti aura kumArila' ke vivecanase yaha spaSTa ho jAyagA ki kumArila bhatRharike bAda hokara bhI dharmakucha pUrva hue haiM; kyoMki dharmakIrtine kumArilake vicAroMkA khaMDana kiyA hai| DaoN0 pAThaka kumArila aura dharmakIrtike pArasparika paurvAparyake viSayameM abhrAnta nahIM the / yahI kAraNa hai ki ve kumArilakA samaya I0 8vIM kA pUrvabhAga mAnate the / dharmakIrtikA samaya Age san 620 se 690 taka nizcita kiyA jAyagA / ataH kumArikA samaya san 600 se 680 taka mAnanA ho samucita hogA / bhartRhari aura dharmakIrti -- kumArilako taraha dharmakIrtine bhI bhartRharike sphoTavAda tathA unake anya vicAroMkA khaMDana apane pramANavArtika tathA usakI svopajJavRtti meM kiyA hai / yathA 1- dharmakIrti sphoTavAdakA khaNDana pramANavArtika ( 3 / 251 se ) meM karate haiM / 2 - bhartRhari kI - " nAdenAhitabIjAyAmantyena dhvaninA saha / AvRttiparipAkA buddhau zabdo'vabhAsate / / " -vAkyapa0 185 isa kArikAmeM varNita vAkyArthaboprakArakA khaNDana dharmakoti pramANavArtika svopajJavRtti ( 3 / 253 ) meM isa prakAra ullekha karake karate haiM " samastavarNa saMskAravatyA antyayA buddhayA vAkyAvadhAraNamityapi mithyA / " ataH dharmakIrtikA samaya bhartRharike anantara mAnanemeM koI sandeha nahIM hai / kumArila aura dharmakIrti - DaoN0 vidyAbhUSaNa Adiko vizvAsa thA ki kumArilane dharmakIrtiko AlocanA kI hai / madrAsa yuni. se prakAzita bRhatIke dvitIya bhAgakI prastAvanA meM pro0 rAmanAtha zAstrIne ukta mantavyakI puSTike liye mImAMsAzlokavArtika ke 4 sthala ( mI0 zlo0 pR0 69 zlo0 76, pR0 83 zlo0 131, pR0 144 zlo0 36, pR0 250 zlo0 131 ) bhI khoja nikAle haiN| mAlUma hotA hai ki ina sthaloM pArthasArathamizra viracita nyAyaratnAkara vyAkhyAmeM jo utthAna vAkya die haiM, unhoMke AdhArase hI pro0 rAmanAthajIne una zlokoMko dharmakIrtike matakhaNDanaparaka samajha liyA hai / yahA~ pArthasArathimizra kI taraha, jo kumArila se 4 - 5 sau varSa bAda hue haiM, zAstrIjI bhI bhramameM par3a gae haiN| kyoMki una zlokoM meM koI bhI zabda aisA nahIM hai jisake balapara una ilokoMkA artha sAkSAt dharmakIrtike matakhaNDanaparaka rUpameM lagAyA jA sake / 4-5 sau varSa bAda hue TIkAkArako, jisakI dRSTi aitihAsika kI apekSA tAttvika adhika hai aisA bhrama honA svAbhAvika hai / isI taraha DaoN0 pAThaka ' kA yaha likhanA bhI abhrAnta nahIM hai ki - " mImAMsA zlokavArtika ke zUnyavAda prakaraNa meM kumArilane bauddhamatake 'buddhacAtmA grAhya grAhaka rUpase bhinna dikhAI detA hai' isa vicArakA 1. yaha uddharaNa nyAyakumudacandrakI prastAvanAse liyA hai /
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha :7 khaNDana kiyA hai| zlokavAtikakI vyAkhyAmeM isa sthAnapara sUcaritamizra dharmakIrtikA nimna zloka, jisako zaMkarAcArya aura surezvarAcArya ne bhI uddhRta kiyA hai, bArambAra uddhRta karate haiM "avibhAgo'pi buddhyAtmA viparyAsitadarzanaiH / / grAhyagrAhakasaMvittibhedavAniva lakSyate / / " -pramANavA0 2 / 354 isase yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki kumArila dharmakIrtike bAda hue haiN|" DaoN0 pAThaka jina zlokoMkI vyAkhyAmeM sucaritamizra dvArA 'avibhAgo'pi' zloka uddhRta kie jAnekA jikra karate haiM, ve zloka ye hai "matpakSe yadyapi svaccho jJAnAtmA paramArthataH / tathApyanAdau saMsAre pUrvajJAnaprasUtibhiH / / citrAbhizcitrahetutvAdvAsanAbhirupaplavAt / svAnurUpeNa nIlAdigrAhyagrAhakadUSitam // pravibhaktamivotpannaM nAnyamarthamapekSate / " -mI0 zlo0 zUnyavAda zlo0 15-17 ina zlokoMkI vyAkhyAmeM na kevala sucaritamizrane hI kintu pArthasArathimizrane bhI 'avibhAgo'pi' zlokako uddhRtakara bauddhamatakA pUrvapakSa sthApita kiyA hai| para ina zlokoMkI zabdAvalIkA dhyAnase paryavekSaNa karane para jJAta hotA hai ki granthakAra ina zlokoMko sIdhe taurase pUrvapakSake kisI granthase uThAkara uddhRta kara rahA hai| inakI zabdAvalI 'avibhAgo'pi' zlokako zabdaracanAse karIba-karIba bilkula bhinna hai| yadyapi Arthika dRSTise 'avibhAgo'pi' zlokakI saMgati 'matpakSe' Adi zlokoMse ThIka baiTha sakatI hai; para yaha viSaya svayaM dharmakIrti dvArA mUlataH nahIM kahA gayA hai / dharmakI tike pUrvaja AcArya vasuvandhu Adine viMzatikAvijJaptimAtratA aura triMzatikAvijJaptimAtratAsiddhi Adi granthoMmeM bar3e vistArase ukta viSayakA sthApana kiyA hai| dignAgake jisa pramANasamuccayapara dharmakIrtine pramANavArtika vRtti racI hai usameM to isakA vivecana hogA hii| sthiramati Adi vijJAnavAdiyoMne vasubandhukI triMzatikAvijJaptimAtratAsiddhipara bhASya Adi racake ukta matako pUrI-pUrI taurase pallavita kiyA hai| dharmakIrti to ukta matake anuvAdaka haiM / ataH sucaritA mizra yA pArthasArathimizrake dvArA uddhRta zlokake balapara kumArilako dharmakItikA samAlocaka nahIM kahojA sktaa| __aba maiM kucha aise sthala uddhRta karatA hU~ jinase yaha nirdhArita kiyA jA sakegA ki dharmakIrti ha kumArilakA khaNDana karate haiM 1-kumArilane zAvarabhASyake 'dharme codanaiva pramANam' isa vAkyako dhyAnameM rakhakara apane dvArA kie gae sarvajJatvanirAkaraNakA eka hI tAtparya batAyA hai ki "'dharmajJatvaniSedhastu kevalo'trIpayujyate / sarvamanyadvijAnaMstu puruSaH kena vAryate / / " arthAta-sarvajJatvake nirAkaraNakA tAtparya hai dharmajJatvakA niSedha / dharmake sivAya anya saba padArthoke jAnanevAlekA niSedha yahA~ prastuta nahIM hai / dharmakIrti pramANavArtika (1-31-35 ) meM ThIka isase viparIta sugatakI dharmajJatA hI pUre jorase siddha karate haiM, unheM sugatakI sarvajJatA anupayogI mAlUma hotI hai / ve likhate haiM ki "heyopAdeyatattvasya sAbhyupAyasya vedakaH / yahaH pramANamasAviSTaH na tu sarvasya vedakaH // 1. yaha zloka kumArilake nAmase tattvasaMgraha ( pR0 817 ) meM uddhRta hai /
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________________ 8 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha __ dUraM pazyatu vA mA vA tattvamiSTaM tu pazyatu / pramANaM dUradarzI cedeta gRdhrAnupAsmahe // " -pramANavA0 1134-35 arthAta--jo heya-dukha, upAdeya-nirodha, heyopAya-samudaya, aura upAdeyopAya-mArga ina cAra AryasatyoMkA jAnatA hai vahI pramANa hai| use samasta padArthoM kA jAnanevAlA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| vaha dUra-atIndriya padArthoM ko jAne yA na jAne, use iSTatattvakA parijJAna honA caahie| yadi dUravartI padArthokA draSTA hI upAsya hotA ho taba to hamako dUradraSTA gRddhoMkI upAsanA pahile karanI cAhie / 2-kumArilane zabdako nityatva siddha karanemeM jina kramabaddha dalIloMkA prayoga kiyA hai, dharmakIrti unakA pramANavAtikameM ( 3 / 265 se Age ) khaNDana karate haiN| 3-kumArilake 'varNAnupUrvI vAkyam' isa vAkyalakSaNakA dharmakIrti pramANavArtika ( 3259 ) meM 'varNAnupUrvI vAkyaM cet' ullekha karake usakA nirAkaraNa karate haiN| 4-kumArilake "nityasya nitya evArthaH kRtakasyApramANatA"-mI0 zlo0 vedani0 zlo014 isa vAkyakA dharmakIrti pramANavAtikameM ullekha karake usakI makhaula uDAte haiM "mithyAtvaM kRtakeSveva dRSTamityakRtakaM vacaH / satyArtha vyatirekeNa virodhivyApanAda yadi ||-prmaannvaa0 31289 5-kumArilake "ato'tra punnimittatvAdupapannA mRssaarthtaa"| -mI0 zlo0 codanAsU0 zloka0 169 isa zlokakA khaMDana dharmakItine pramANavArtika svopajJavRtti ( 3 / 291 ) meM kiyA hai- 'tato yatkiJcinmidhyArtha tatsarvaM pauruSeyamityanizcayAta / " 6-kumArilane "AptavAdAvisaMvAdasAmAnyAdanumAnatA" dignAgake isa vacanakI mImAMsAzlokavAtika (pR0 418 aura 913 ) meM samAlocanA kI hai| isakA uttara dharmakIrti pramANavArtika ( 3 / 216 ) meM dete haiN| 7-kumArila zlokavAtika (pR0 168 ) meM nirvikalpakapratyakSakA nimnarUpase varNana karate haiM 'asti hyAlocanAjJAnaM prathamaM nirvikalpakam / bAlamakAdivijJAnasadRzaM zuddhavastujam // dharmakIrtine pramANavArtika ( 21141) meM isakA "kecidindriyajatvAdebaladhIvadakalpanAm / AhubarbAlA..." ullekha karake khaNDana kiyA hai| 8-kumArila vedake apauruSeyatvasamarthanameM vedAdhyayanavAcyatva hetukA bhI prayoga karate haiM "vedasyAdhyayanaM sarva tadadhyayanapUrvakam / vedAdhyayanavAcyatvAdadhunAdhyayanaM yathA ||"-mii0 zlo0 pR0 949 dharmakIrti apauruSeyatvasAdhaka anya hetuoMke sAtha hI sAtha kumArilake isa hetukA bhI ullekha karake khaNDana karate haiM "yathA'yamanyato'tha tvA nemaM varNapadakramam / vaktaM samarthaH puruSaH tathAnyo'pIti kazcana ||"-prmaannvaa0 3 / 240 pramANavArtikasvopajJavRttike TIkAkAra karNakagomi isa zlokakI utthAnikA isa prakAra dete haiM"tadevaM karturasmaraNAditi hetuM nirAkRtya anyadapi sAdhanam vedasyAdhyayanaM sarvaM tadadhyayanapUrvakam""iti
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________________ 4 | viziSTa nivandha :9 dUSayitumupanyasyati yathetyAdi / " isase spaSTa hai ki-isa zlokameM dharmakIrti kumArilake vedadhyayanavAcyatva hetukA ho khaMDana kara rahe haiN| ina uddharaNoMse yaha bAta asandigdharUpase pramANita ho jAtI hai ki-dharmakIrtine hI kumArilakA khaMDana kiyA hai na ki kumArilane dharmakItikA / ataH bhartaharikA samaya sana 600se 650 taka, kamArila samaya san 600se 680 taka, tathA dharmakItikA samaya san 620 se 690 taka mAnanA samucita hogaa| dharmakIrti ke isa samayake samarthanameM kucha aura vicAra bhI prastuta kie jAte haiM dharmakItikA samaya-DaoN0 vidyAbhUSaNa Adi dharmakIrtikA samaya san 635 se 650 taka mAnate hai / yaha prasiddhi hai ki-dharmakIrti nAlandA vizvavidyAlayake adhyakSa dharmapAlake ziSya the| cInI yAtrI huenasAMga jaba san 635meM nAlandA pahu~cA taba dharmapAla adhyakSapadase nivRtta ho cuke the aura unakA bayovRddha ziSya zIlabhadra adhyakSapada para thaa| huenasAMgane inhIMse yogazAstrakA adhyayana kiyA thaa| huenasAMgane apanA yAtrAvivaraNa san 645 I0 ke bAda likhA hai| usane apane yAtrAvRttAntameM nAlandAke prasiddha vidvAnoMkI jo nAmAvalI dI hai usameM ye nAma haiM-dharmapAla, candrapAla, guNamati, sthiramati, prabhAmitra, jinamitra, jJAna mitra, zIghrabuddha aura zIlabhadra / dharmakIrtikA nAma na deneke viSayameM sAdhAraNatayA yahI vi. ra hai, aura vaha yuktisaMgata bhI hai ki-dharmakIrti usa samaya prArambhika vidyArthI hoNge| bhikSu rAhulasAMkRtyAyanajIkA vicAra hai ki-'dharmakIrtikI usa samaya mRtyu ho cukI hogii| cUMki haenasAMgako tarkazAstrase prema nahIM thA aura yataH vaha samasta vidvAnoM ke nAma deneko bAdhya bhI nahIM thA, isIlie usane prasiddha tArkika dharmakIrtikA nAma nahIM liyaa|' rAhulajIkA yaha tarka ucita nahIM mAlUma hotA; kyoMki dharmakIrti jaise yugapradhAnatAkikakA nAma haenasAMgako usI taraha lenA cAhie thA jaise ki usane pUrvakAlIna nAgArjuna yA vasubandhu AdikA liyA hai| tarkazAstrase prema na hone para bhI guNamati, sthiramati jaise vijJAnavAdI tArkikoMkA nAma jaba huenasAMga letA hai taba dharmakItine to bauddhadarzana ke vistArameM unase kahIM adhika evaM Thosa prayatna kiyA hai| isalie dharmakIrtikA nAma liyA jAnA nyAyaprApta hI nahIM thA, kintu haenasAMgakI sahaja guNAnurAgitAkA dyotaka bhI thaa| yaha ThIka hai ki-huenasAMga sabake nAma leneko bAdhya nahIM thA, para dharmakIrti aisA sAdhAraNa vyakti nahIM thA jisakI aisI upekSA anajAnameM bhI kI jaatii| phira yadi dharmakItikA kAryakAla guNamati, sthiramati Adise pahile hI samApta huA hotA to inake granthoMpara dharmakIrtikI vizAlagrantha rAzikA kucha to asara milanA cAhie thaa| jo unake granthoMkA sUkSma paryavekSaNa karanepara bhI dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| haenasAMgane eka jinamitra nAmake AcAryakA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| itsigake 'dharmakIrtine 'jina' ke pazcAt hetuvidyAko aura sudhArA" isa ullekhake anusAra to yaha spaSTa mAlama ho jAtA hai ki dharmakItikA kAryakAla 'jina' ke pazcAt thA; kyoMki huenasAMgake "2jina mitra' aura itsigake 'jina' eka hI vyakti mAlUma hote haiM / ataH yahI ucita mAlUma hotA hai ki-dharmakorti usa samaya yuvA the jaba huenasAMgane apanA yAtrAvivaraNa likhA / dUsarA cInI yAtrI itsiga thaa| isane san 671 se 695 taka bhAratavarSakI yAtrA kii| yaha san 675 se 685 taka dasa varSa nAlandA vizvavidyAlayameM rahA / isane apanA yAtrAvRttAnta san 691-92meM likhA 1. dekho vAdanyAyakI prastAvanA / 2. dignAgake pramANasamuccayapara jinendraviracita TIkA upalabdha hai| saMbhava hai ye jinendra hI huenasAMgake jinamitra hoN| 4-2
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________________ 10 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha hai| itsigane nAlandA vizvavidyAlayakI zikSApraNAlI AdikA acchA varNana kiyA hai / vaha vidyAlayake labdhapratiSTha snAtakoMkI carcA ke silasile meM likhatA hai ki-"pratyeka pIDhImeM aise manuSyoMmeMse kevala eka yA do hI prakaTa huA karate haiM jinakI upamA cA~da yA sUryase hotI hai aura unheM nAga aura hAthIkI taraha samajhA jAtA hai / pahile samayameM nAgArjunadeva, azvaghoSa, madhyakAlameM vasubandhu, asaGga, saMghabhadra aura bhavaviveka, antima samayameM jina, dharmapAla, dharmakIrti, zIlabhadra, siMhacandra, sthiramati, guNamati, prajJAgupta, guNa prabha, jinaprabha aise manuSya the|" ( itsigakI bhAratayAtrA pR0 277 ) itsiga ( pa0 278 ) phira likhate haiM ki "dharmakIrtine 'jina' ke pazcAt hetuvidyAko aura sudhaaraa| prajJAguptane ( matipAla nahIM) sabhI vipakSI matoMkA khaMDana karake sacce dharmakA pratipAdana kiyaa|" ina ullekhoMse mAlama hotA hai ki-san 691 takameM dharmakIrtikI prasiddhi granthakArake rUpameM ho rahI thii| itsigane dharmakIrti ke dvArA hetuvidyAke sudhAranekA jo varNana kiyA hai vaha sambhavataH dharmakIrtike hetuvindu granthako lakSyameM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai, jo hetuvidyAkA eka pradhAna grantha hai| vaha itanA pariSkRta evaM hetuvidyApara sarvAMgINa prakAza DAlanevAlA hai ki kevala usIke adhyayanase hetuvidyAkA paryApta jJAna ho sakatA hai| itsigake dvArA dharmapAla, guNamati, sthiramati Adike sAtha hI sAtha dharmakIrti tathA dharmakIrti ke TIkAkAra ziSya prajJAguptakA nAma lie jAnese yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki usakA ullekha kisI khAsa samayake lie nahIM hai kintu eka 80 varSa jaise lambe samayavAle yugake lie hai| isase yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki-dharmakIrti itsigake yAtrAvivaraNa likhane taka jIvita the| yadi rAhulajIkI kalpanAnusAra dharmakIrtikI mRtyu ho gaI hotI to itsiga jisa taraha bhartahariko dharmapAlakA samakAlIna likhakara unakI mRtyuke viSayameM bhI likhatA hai ki-'use mare hue abhI 40 varSa ho gae' usI taraha apane prasiddha granthakA ra dharmakIrtikI mRtyupara bhI A~sU bahAe binA na rhtaa| yadyapi itsiMga dharmakIrtiko hetuvidyAke sudhAraka rUpase likhatA hai; parantu vaha hetuvidyAmeM pANDitya prApta karaneke liye paThanIya zAstroMkI sUcImeM hetudvArazAstra, hetvAbhAsadvAra, nyAyadvAra, prajJaptihetu, ekIkRta anumAnoMpara zAstra, Adi granthoMkA hI nAma letA hai, dharmakIrtike kisI bhI prasiddha granthakA nAma nahIM letaa| isake ye kAraNa ho sakate haiM-itsigane apanA yAtrAvivaraNa cAinI bhASAmeM likhA hai ataH anuvAdakoMne jina zabdoMkA hetudvAra, nyAyadvAra tathA hetvAbhAsadvAra anuvAda kiyA hai unakA artha hetubindu aura nyAyabindu bhI ho sakatA ho / athavA dharmakai tiko hetuvidyAke sudhAraka rUpameM jAnakara bhI itsiga unake graMthoMse paricita na ho / athavA usa samaya dharmakIrtike granthoMkI okSA anya AcAryoMke graMtha nAlandAmeM vizeSa rUpase paThana-pAThanameM Ate hoNge| ___ isa vivecanase hamArA yaha nizcita vicAra hai ki-bhartRhari ( san 600 se 650 ) ke sAtha hI sAtha usake Alocaka kumArila ( san 620 se 680) kI bhI AlocanA karanevAle, tathA pramANavArtika, nyAyabindu, hetubindu, pramANa vinizcaya, santAnAntarasiddhi, vAdanyAya, sambandha parIkSA Adi 9 praur3ha , vistRta aura saTIka prakaraNoM ke racayitA dharmakIrtikI samayAvadhi san 635-650 se Age lambAnI hI hogI / aura vaha avadhi san 620 se 690 taka rakhano samucita hogii| isase huenasAMgake dvArA dharmakIrtike nAmakA ullekha na honekA, tathA itsiga dvArA honevAle ullekhakA vAstavika artha bhI saMgata ho jAtA hai / tathA tibbatIya itihAsalekhaka tArAnAthakA dharmakIrtiko tibbatake rAjA sroG san gam po kA, jisane san 629 se 689 taka rAjya kiyA thA, samakAlIna likhanA bhI yuktiyukta siddha ho jAtA hai /
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 11 akalaMkadevane bhartahari kumArila tathA dharmakIrtikI samAlocanAke sAtha hI sAtha prajJAkaragupta, karNakagomi, dharmottara Adike vicAroMkA bhI Alocana kiyA hai| ina saba AcAryoMke graMthoMke sAtha akalaMkake granthoMkI Antarika tulanA akalaMkake samayanirNayameM khAsa upayogI hogii| isalie akalaMkake sAtha ukta AcAryoMkI tulanA kramazaH kI jAtI hai bhartRhari aura ava laMkaH-bhartRharike sphoTavAdakI AlocanAke silasile meM akalaMkadevane apane tattvArtharAjavArtika (pR0 231 ) meM vAkyapadIyakI ( 1171) "indriyasyaiva saMskAraH zabdasyobhayasya vaa|" isa kArikAmeM varNita indriyasaMskAra, zabdasaMskAra tathA ubhayasaMskAra rUpa tInoM pakSoMkA khaMDana kiyA hai| rAjavArtika (pR0 40) meM vAkyapadIyako 'zAstreSu prakriyAbhedairavidyevopavaya'te"-vAkyapa0 2 / 235 yaha kArikA uddhRta kI gaI hai / siddhivinizcaya ( siddhivi0 TI0 pR0 546 se ) ke zabdasiddhi prakaraNameM bhI sphoTavAdakA khaMDana hai| zabdAdvaitavAdakA khaMDana bhI siddhivinizcayameM (TI0 pR0 458 se) kiyA gayA hai| kumArila aura akalaMka-akalaMkadevake granthoMmeM kumArilake mantavyoMke Alocanake sAtha hI sAtha kucha zabdasAdRzya bhI pAyA jAtA hai1-kumArila sarvajJakA nirAkaraNa karate hue likhate haiM ki "pratyakSAdyavisaMvAdi prameyatvAdi yasya ca / sadabhAvavAraNe zaktaM kona taM kalpayiSyati ||"-mii0 zlo0 pR0 85 .. arthAta-jaba pratyakSAdipramANoMse abAdhita prameyatvAdi hetu hI sarvajJakA sadabhAva roka rahe haiM taba kauna use siddha karanekI kalpanA bhI kara sakegA? akalaMkadeva isakA prativandi uttara apanI aSTazatI ( aSTasaha. pR0 58) meM dete haiM ki-"tadevaM prameyatvasattvAdiryatra hetulakSaNaM puSNAti taM kathaM cetanaH pratiSeddhamarhati saMzayituM vA" arthAt jaba prameyatva aura sattva Adi anumeyatvakA hetukA poSaNa kara rahe haiM taba kauna cetana usa sarvajJakA pratiSedha yA usake sadbhAvameM saMzaya kara sakatA hai ? 2-tattvasaMgrahakAra zAntarakSitake lekhAnusAra kumArilane sarvajJanirAkaraNameM yaha kArikA bhI kahI hai ki "daza hastAntaraM vyomno yo nAmotplatya gacchati / na yojanazataM gantuM zakto'bhyAzatairapi |"-tttvsN0 pR0 826 arthAt-yaha saMbhava hai ki koI prayatnazIla puruSa abhyAsa karanepara adhikase adhika 10 hAtha U~cA kUda jAya; para saikar3oM varSoM taka kitanA bhI abhyAsa kyoM na kare vaha 100 yojana U~cA kabhI bhI nahIM kUda sktaa| isI taraha kitanA bhI abhyAsa kyoM na kiyA jAya jJAnakA prakarSa atIndriyArthake jAnane meM nahIM ho sktaa| akalaMkadeva siddhivinizcaya ( TIkA pR0 425 B.) meM isakA upahAsa karate hue likhate haiM ki"daza hastAntaraM vyomno notplaveran bhavAdRzaH / yojanAnAM sahasraM kiM votplavedadhunA naraiH // " arthAt-jaba zArIrika asAmarthya ke kAraNa Apa dasa hAtha bhI U~cA nahIM kUda sakate taba dUsaroMse hajAra yojana kUdane kI AzA karanA vyartha hai| kyoMki amuka maryAdAse U~cA kUdane meM zArIrikagurutva bAdhaka hotA hai|
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________________ 12 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha 3 - kumArilane jainasammata kevalajJAnakI utpattiko AgamAzrita mAnakara yaha anyonyAzraya doSa diyA hai ki- 'kevalajJAna hue binA Agama kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI tathA Agama siddha hue binA kevalajJAnakI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / ' - " evaM yaiH kevalajJAnamindriyAdyanapekSiNaH / sUkSmAtItAdiviSayaM jIvasya parikalpitam / " " narte tadAgamAtsiddhayet na ca tenAgamo vinA / " - mI0 zlo0 pR0 87 akalaMkadeva nyAyavinizcaya / kA0 412-13 ) meM mImAMsA zlokavArtika ke zabdoMko hI uddhRta kara isakA uttara yaha dete haiM ki - sarvajJa aura AgamakI paramparA anAdi hai / isa puruSako kevalajJAna pUrva Agamase huA tathA usa AgamakI utpatti tatpUrva sarvajJase / yathA " evaM yatkevalajJAnamanumAnavijRmbhitam / narte tadAgamAtsiddhayet na ca tena vinAgamaH // satyamarthabalAdeva puruSAtizayo mataH / prabhavaH pauruSeyosya prabandho'nAdiriSyate / / " zAbdika tulanA- " puruSo'bhyupagantavyaH kuNDalAdiSu sarpavat / " - mI0 zlo0 pR0 695 " pratyakSa pratisaMvedyaH kuNDalAdiSu sarpavat / " - nyAyavi0 kA0 117 " tadayaM bhAvaH svabhAveSu kuNDalAdiSu sarpavat / " - pramANasaM0 pR0 112 dharmakIrti aura akalaMka. - akalaMkane dharmakIrtikI kevala mArmika samAlocanA hI nahIM kI hai, kintu parapakSake khaMDanameM unakA zAbdika aura Arthika anusaraNa bhI kiyA hai| akalaMka ke sAhityakA bahubhAga bauddhoM ke khaMDanase bharA huA hai / usameM jahA~ dharmakIrtike pUrvaja dignAga Adi vidvAnoMkI samAlocanA hai vahA~ dharmakIrtike uttarakAlIna prajJAkara tathA karNakagomi Adike vicAroMkA bhI nirasana kiyA gayA hai| akalaMka aura dharmakIrtikI pArasparika tulanA kucha uddharaNoM dvArA spaSTa rUpase nIce kI jAtI hai 1 - dharmakIrti ke santAnAntarasiddhi prakaraNakA pahilA zloka yaha hai "buddha kriyAM dRSTvA svadehe'nyatra tadgrahAt / manyate buddhisadbhAvaM sA na yeSu na teSu dhIH / " akalaMkadevane rAjavArtika ( pR0 19 ) meM ise 'taduktam' likhakara uddhRta kiyA hai tathA siddhivinisar ( dvitIya pari0 ) meM to 'jJAyate buddhiranyatra abhrAntaH puruSaH kvacit' isa herapherake sAtha mUlameM hI zAmila karake isakI samAlocanA kI hai / 2 - hetu bindu prathamaparicchedakA "artha kriyArthI hi sarva prekSAvAn pramANamapramANaM vA'nveSate" yaha vAkya laghIyastrayakI svopajJavivRti ( pR0 3 ) meM mUlarUpase pAyA jAtA hai| hetuvindukI - " pakSadharmastadaMzena vyApto hetustridhaiva saH / avinAbhAvaniyamAd hetvAbhAsastato'pare / / " isa AdyakArikAkI AlocanA siddhivinizcayakI hetulakSaNasiddhimeM kI gaI hai / 3- pramANavinizcayake "sahopalambhaniyamAdabhedo nIlataddhiyoH" vAkyakI aSTazatI ( aSTasaha 0 pR0 242 ) meM uddharaNa dekara AlocanA hai / 4 - vAdanyAyakI' asAghanAGgacacanamadoSodbhAvanaM dvayoH / nigrahasthAnamanyattu na yuktamiti neSyate / / " isa AkArikAkI samAlocanA nyAyavinizcaya ( kA0 378 ) meM siddhivinizcayake jalpasiddhi prakaraNa meM tathA aSTazatI ( aSTasaha0 pR0 81 ) meM huI hai /
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 13 5 - pramANavArtika svopajJavRttikA "tasmAdekasya bhAvasya yAvanti pararUpANi tAvatyastadapekSAH tadasambhavikaryakAraNAH tasya bhedAt yAvatyazca vyAvRttayaH tAvatyaH zrutayaH / " yaha aMza aSTazatI ( aSTasaha 0 pR0 138 ) ke " tato yAvanti pararUpANi tAvantyeva pratyAtmaM svabhAvAntarANi " isa aMzase zabda tathA artha - dRSTyA tulanIya hai / 6 - pramANavArtikakI AlocanA tathA tulanAke lie upayogI avataraNa nyAyavinizcayAdi graMthoM meM pracura rUpase pAye jAte haiM / ye saba avataraNa prastuta graMthatrayake TippaNoMmeM saMgRhIta kiye haiN| dekho - laghI0 Ti0 pR0 131-133, 136-139, 141, 142, 146, 147, 152 tathA nyAyavinizcaya Ti0 pR0 155157, 159-170 meM Aye hue pramANavArtikake avataraNa / prajJAkaragupta aura akalaMka -- dharmakIrtike TIkAkAroMmeM prajJAkaragupta eka marmajJa TIkAkAra haiM / ye kevala TIkAkAra hI nahIM haiM kintu kucha apane svatantra vicAra bhI rakhate haiM / inakA samaya abhI taka pUrNa rUpase nizcita nahIM hai / DaoN0 satIzacaMdra vidyAbhUSaNa unheM 10vIM sadIkA vidvAn batAte haiM / bhikSu rAhula sAMkRtyAyanajIne TibeTiyana guruparamparAke anusAra inakA samaya san 700 diyA hai / inakA nAmollekha anantavIryaM siddhivinizcayaTIkA meM, vidyAnanda aSTasahasrImeM tathA prabhAcandra prameyakamalamArttaNDa meM karate haiM / jayantabhaTTane ( nyAyamaM0 pU0 74 ) jinakA samaya IsvI TavIMkA madhya bhAga hai, inake vArtikAlaMkAra ke "ekamevedaM saMvidrUpaM harSa viSAdAdyanekAkAravivarttaM pazyAmaH tatra yatheSTaM saMjJAH kriyantAm " isa vAkyakA khaNDana kiyA hai / ataH inakA samaya 8vIM sadIkA prArambhika bhAga to honA hI cAhie / itsiMgane apane yAtrAvivaraNa meM eka prajJAgupta nAma vidvAnkA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki - " prajJAgupta ( matipAla nahIM ) ne sabhI vipakSI matoMkA khaNDana karake sacce dharmakA pratipAdana kiyA / " hamAre vicArase itsigake dvArA prazaMsita prajJAgupta dUsare vyakti nahIM haiM / ve vArtikAlaMkArake racayitA prajJAkaragupta hI haiM; kyoMki inake vArtikAlaMkArameM vipakSa auster bhAga adhika hai / isa taraha san 691-92 meM likhe gaye yAtrAvivaraNa meM prajJAkaraguptakA nAma honese ye bhI dharmakIrti ke samakAlIna hI haiM / hA~, dharmakIrti vRddha tathA prajJAkara yuvA rahe hoMge / ataH inakA samaya bhI karIba 670 se 725 taka mAnanA ThIka hai / yaha samaya bhikSu rAhulajI dvArA sUcita TibeTiyana guruparamparA ke anusAra bhI ThIka baiThatA hai / prajJAkaraguptake vArtikAlaMkArakI bhikSu rAhulajI dvArA kI gayI presakApI palaTanese mAlUma huA ki prajJAkarane mAtra pramANavArtikakI TIkA hI nahIM kI hai; kintu kucha apane svatantra vicAra bhI prakaTa kiye haiM / jaise 1 - suSupta avasthA meM jJAnakI sattA nahIM mAnakara jAgrat avasthAke jJAnako prabodha avasthAkAlIna jJAnameM kAraNa mAnanA tathA bhAvimaraNako ariSTa-apazakunameM kAraNa mAnanA / tAtparya yaha ki - atItakAraNavAda aura bhAvikAraNavAda donoM hI prajJAkarake dvArA AviSkRta haiM / ve vArtikAlaMkAra meM likhate haiM ki "avidyamAnasya karaNamiti ko'rtha ? tadanantarabhAvinI tasya sattA, tadetadAnantaryyamubhayApekSayApi samAnam / yathaiva bhUtApekSayA tayA bhAvyapekSayApi / nacAnantaryameva tattve nibandhanam, vyavahitasyApi kAraNatvAt / gADhasuptasya vijJAnaM prabodhe pUrvavedanAt / jAyate vyavadhAnena kAleneti vinizcitam // tasmAdanvayavyatirekAnuvidhAyitvaM nibandhanam / kAryakAraNabhAvasya tadbhAvinyapi vidyate // bhAvena ca bhAvo bhAvinApi lakSyata eva / mRtyuprayuktamariSTamiti loke vyavahAraH, yadi //
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________________ 14 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha mRtyunaM bhaviSyanna bhavedevambhUtamariSTamiti |"-vaatikaalNkaar pR0 176 / / prameyakamalamArtaNDa ( pR0 110 A.) kA yaha ullekha-"nanu prajJAkarAbhiprAyeNa bhAvirohiNyudayakAryatayA kRtikodayasya gamakatvAt kathaM kAryahetau nAsyAntarbhAvaH"-isa bAtakA sabala pramANa hai kiprajJAkaragupta bhAvikAraNavAdI the| isI taraha vyavahitakAraNavAdake silasile meM anantavIryakA yaha likhanA ki-"iti prajJAkaraguptasyaiva mataM na dharmottarAdInAmiti manyate / " ( siddhivi0 TI0 pR0 161 A.) prajJAkarake vyavahitakAraNavAdI honekA khAsA pramANa hai / prajJAkarake isa matako samakAlIna dharmottara Adi tathA uttarakAlIna zAntarakSita Adi nahIM mAnate the| 2-svapnAntikazarIra-prajJAkara svapnameM sthUla zarIrake atirikta eka sUkSma zarIra mAnatA hai| svapnameM jo zarIrakA dauDanA, trAsa, bhUkha, pyAsa, meruparvatAdipara gamana Adi dekhe jAte haiM ve saba kriyAe~, maujUdA sthUlakAyake atirikta jo sUkSmazarIra banatA hai, usImeM hotI haiN| isa sUkSmazarIrako vaha svapnAntikazarIra zabdase kahatA hai / yathA "yathA svapnAntikaH kAyaH trAsalaMghanadhAvanaiH / jAgradehavikArasya tathA janmAntareSvapi // " "svapnAntikazarIrasaJcAradarzanAt |"-vaartikaalNkaar pR0 148, 184 anantavIryAcArya ke siddhivinizcayaTIkA ( pR0 138 B. ) meM ullikhita "prajJAkarastu svapnAntikazarIravAdI"......'' vAkyase spaSTa hai ki yaha mata bhI prajJAkaraguptakA thaa| 3-dharmakIrtine sugatakI sarvajJatAke samarthana meM apanI zakti na lagAkara dharmajJatvakA samarthana hI kiyA hai / para prajJAkara dharmajJatvake sAtha hI sAtha sarvajJatvakA bhI samarthana karate haiN| sarvajJatvake samarthanameM ve 'satyasvapnajJAna'kA dRSTAnta bhI dete haiM / yathA "ihApi satyasvapnadarzino'tItAdikaM saMvidantyeva |"-vaartikaalNkaar pR0 396 4-pItazaMkhAdijJAnoMke dvArA arthakriyA nahIM hotI, ataH ve pramANa nahIM hai, para saMsthAnamAtra aMzase honevAlI arthakriyA to unase bhI ho sakatI hai, ataH usa aMzameM unheM anumAnarUpase pramANa mAnanA cAhiye, tathA anya aMzameM saMzayarUpa / isa taraha isa eka jJAnameM AMzika pramANatA tathA AMzika apramANatA hai / yathA "pItazaMkhAdivijJAnaM tu na pramANameva tathArthakriyAvyApterabhAvAt / saMsthAnamAtrArtha kriyAprasiddhAvanyadeva jJAnaM pramANamanumAnam; tathAhi 'pratibhAsa evambhUto yaH sa na saMsthAnavarjitaH / evamanyatra dRSTatvAdanumAnaM tathA ca tat // ' tato'nugAnaM saMsthAne, saMzayaH paratreti pratyayadvayametat pramANamapramANaM ca, anena maNiprabhAyAM maNijJAnaM vyAkhyAtam |"-vaartikaalNkaar pR0 6 akalaMkadevane prajJAkaraguptake ukta sabhI siddhAntoMkA khaNDana kiyA hai yathA 1-akalaMkadevane siddhivinizcayameM jIvakA svarUpa batAte hue 'abhinnaH saMvidAtmArthaH svApaprabodhAdau vizeSaNa diyA hai| isakA tAtparya hai ki-svApa aura prabodha tathA maraNa aura janma AdimeM jIva abhinna rahatA hai, usakI santAna vicchinna nahIM hotii| isIkA vyAkhyAna karate hue unhoMne likhA hai ki'tadabhAve middhAderanupapatteH' yadi suptAdi avasthAoMmeM jJAnakA abhAva mAnA jAyagA to middha-atinidrA marchA Adi nahIM bana sakeMgI; kyoMki sarvathA jJAnakA abhAva mAnanese to mRtyu hI ho jaaygii| marchA aura atinidrA vyapadeza to jJAnakA sadbhAva mAnanepara hI ho sakatA hai| hA~, una avasthAoMmeM jJAna tirohita rahatA
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 15 hai / anantavIryAcArya 'tadabhAve middhAderanupapatteH' vAkyakA vyAkhyAna nimnarUpase karate haiM- " nanu svApe jJAnaM nAstyeva iti cedAha - 'tadabhAva ityAdi' jJAnasya asati middhAdeH anupapatteH iti / miTho nidrA AdiH yasya mUrcchAdeH tasyAnupapatteH maraNopapatteH avasthAcatuSTayAbhAvaH tadavastha eva / " ( siddhivi0 TI0 pR0 579 A. ) isa uddharaNase spaSTa hai ki - akalaMkadeva suSuptAvasthAmeM jJAna nahIM mAnanevAle prajJAkarakA khaMDana karate haiM / ataeva ve nyAyavinizcaya ( kA0 222 ) meM bhI jIvasvarUpakA nirUpaNa karate hue 'suSuptAdI buddha:' pada dete haiM / isake atirikta vyavahitakAraNavAdapara bhI unhoMne AkSepa kiyA hai / ( dekho siddhivi0 TI0 pR0 161 A. ) isake sivAya akalaMkadeva siddhivinizcaya prathamapariccheda meM spaSTarUpase likhate haiM ki- "na hi svApAdau cittacattasikAnAmabhAvaM pratipadyamAnAn pramANamasti" arthAt - jo loga svApAdi avasthAoM meM nirvikalpaka aura savikalpakajJAnakA abhAva mAnate haiM unakA aisA mAnanA pramANazUnya hai / isa paMktise akalaMkake dvArA prajJAkarake atItakAraNavAdake Upara kiye gaye AkSepakI bAta atyanta spaSTa ho jAtI hai / 2 - nyAyavinizcaya ( kA0 47 ) meM akalaMkadevane prajJAkarake svapnAntikazarIrakA antaHzarIra zabdase ullekha karake pUrvapakSa kiyA hai / siddhivinizcaya ( TI0 pR0 138 B. ) meM bhI akalaMkane svapnAntika zarIrapara AkramaNa kiyA hai / 3- akalaMkadeva prajJAkarakI taraha sarvajJatAke samarthanameM nyAyavinizcaya ( kAri0 407 ) meM svapnakA dRSTAnta dete haiM tathA pramANa saMgraha ( pR0 99 ) meM to spaSTa hI satyasvapnajJAnakA hI udAharaNa upasthita karate haiM / yathA - "svayaMprabhuralaGghanArhaH svArthAlokaparisphuTamavabhAsate satyasvapnavat / " 4- jisa prakAra prajJAkaraguptane pItazaMkhAdijJAnako saMsthAnamAtra aMzameM pramANa tathA itarAMzameM apramANa kahA hai / usI taraha akalaMka bhI laghIyastraya tathA aSTazatI meM dvicandrajJAnako candrAMza meM pramANa tathA dvitvAMza meM apramANa kahate haiM / donoM granthoMke avataraNake lie dekho - laghI0 Ti0 pR0 140 paM0 20 se / aSTazatI meM to akalaMkadeva prajJAkaraguptakI saMsthAnamAtrameM anumAna mAnanekI bAtapara AkSepa karate haiM / yathA "nApi laiGgika ligaligasambandhApratipatteH anyathA dRSTAntetarayorekatvAt ki kena kRtaM syAt / " - aSTaza 0 aSTasaha 0 pR0 277 isake atirikta hama kucha aise vAkya upasthita karate haiM jisase prajJAkara aura akalaMkake granthoMkI zAbdika aura Arthika tulanA meM bahuta madada milegI / " ekamevedaM savidrUpaM harSaviSAdAdyanekAkAravivattaM pazyAmaH tatra yatheSTaM saMjJAH kriyantAm / " - vArtikAlaMkAra "harSa viSAdAdyanekAkAravivarttajJAnavRtteH prakRteraparAM caitanyavRtti kaH prekSAvAn pratijAnIte / "siddhivi0 TI0 pR0 526 B. zeSake lie dekho - laghI0 Ti0 pR0 135 paM0 31, nyAyavi0 Ti0 pR0 159 paM0 11, pR0 162 paM0 13, pR0 165 paM0 20 / prajJAkaraguptane pramANavArtika TIkAkA nAma pramANavArtikAlaMkAra rakhA hai / isIlie uttarakAla meM inakI prasiddhi 'alaGkArakAra ke rUpameM bhI rahI hai / akalaMkadevakA 'tattvArtha rAjavArtikAlaMkAra' yA 'tattvArthavArtikavyAkhyAnAlaMkAra' nAma bhI vArtikAlaMkArake nAmaprabhAvase achUtA nahIM mAlUma hotA / isa taraha uparyukta dalIloMke AdhAra se kahA jA sakatA hai ki - akalaMka devane dharmakIrtikI taraha unake TIkAkAra ziSya prajJAkaraguptako dekhA hI nahIM thA kintu unakI samAlocanA bhI DaTakara kI hai|
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________________ 16 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha karNakagomi aura akalaMka-dharmakIrtine pramANavAtikake prathama-svArthAnumAna paricchedapara hI vRtti banAI thii| isa vRttikI karNakagomiracita TIkAke prapha hamAre sAmane haiN| karNakagomike samayakA bilakula ThIka nizcaya na honepara bhI itanA to unake grantha dekhanese kahA jA sakatA hai ki-ye maMDanamizrake bAdake haiM / inhoMne anekoM jagaha maMDanamizrakA nAma lekara kArikAe~ uddhRta kI hai tathA unakA khaMDana kiyA hai| inane pramANavA0 svavR0 TIkA (pR0 88) meM 'taduktaM maNDanena' kahakara "AhuvidhAta pratyakSaM na niSeddha vipazcitaH / naikatve Agamastena pratyakSeNa prabAdhyate // " yaha kArikA uddhRta kI hai tathA isakA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| ___ maNDanamizrane sphoTasiddhi ( pR0 193 ) meM mo0 zlokavArtika (pR0 542 ) kI "varNA vA dhvanayo vApi" kArikA uddhRta kI hai, tathA vidhiviveka ( pR0 279 ) meM tantravAtika ( 2 / 1 / 1 ) kI 'abhidhAbhAvanAmAhuH kArikA uddhRta kI hai| isalie inakA samaya kumArila ( san 600 se 680) ke bAda to honA hI cAhie / vRhatI dvitIyabhAgakI prastAvanAmeM inakA samaya san 670 se 720 sUcita kiyA hai, jo yuktiyukta hai| ataH maNDanakA ullekha karanevAle karNakagomikA samaya 700 I0 ke bAda honA cAhie / ye prajJAkaraguptake uttarakAlIna mAlama hote haiN| kyoMki inhoMne apanI TIkAmeM (pR0 137 ) 'alaGkAra eva avastutvapratipAdanAt' likhakara vArtikAlakArakA ullekha kiyA hai| ataH inakA samaya 690 se pahile honA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| akalaMkadevane pramANasaMgrahameM inake matakI bhI AlocanA kI hai / yathA jaba kumArila Adine bauddhasammata pakSadharmatvarUpapara AkSepa karate hue kahA ki kRtikodayAdi hetu to zakaTodayAdi pakSa meM nahIM rahate, ataH hetukA pakSadharmatvarUpa avyabhicArI kaise kahA jA sakatA hai? taba isakA uttara karNakagomine apanI svavRttiTIkAmeM isa prakAra diyA hai ki-kAlako pakSa mAnakara pakSadharmatva ghaTAyA jA sakatA hai / yathA-"tadA ca sa eva kAlo dharmI tatraiva ca sAdhyAnumAnaM candrodayazca tatsambandhIti kathamapakSadharmatvam ? [ pramANavA0 svavR0 TI0 pR0 11] akalaMkadeva isakA khaMDana karate hue likhate haiM ki-yadi kAlAdiko dharmI mAnakara pakSadharmatva siddha karoge to atiprasaMga ho jAyagA / ythaa-"kaalaadimiklpnaayaamtiprsnggH|"-prmaannsN0 10 104 dharmottara aura akalaMka-prajJAkarakI taraha dharmottara bhI dhamakIrtike yazasvI TIkAkAra haiN| inhoMne pramANavinizcaya, nyAyabindu Adipara TIkA likhaneke sivAya kucha svatantra prakaraNa bhI likhe hai| nyAyavinizcayavivaraNakAra ( pR0 390 B.) ke lekhAnusAra mAlUma hotA hai ki-akalaMkadevane nyAyavinizcaya (kA0 162 ) meM dharmottara ( nyAyavi0 TI0 pR0 19) ke mAnasapratyakSa viSayaka vicAroMkI AlocanA kI hai| isI taraha ve nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa ( pR0 26 B. ) meM likhate haiM ki-caNimeM akalaMkadevane dharmottarake ( nyAya binduTIkA pR0 1) AdivAkyaprayojana tathA zAstrazarIropadarzanakA pratikSepa kiyA hai| yaha caNi akalaMkadevakI hI hai; kyoMki-tathA ca saktaM carNo devasya vacanam' isa ullekhake sAtha hI eka zloka nyAyavinizcayavivaraNameM uddhRta dekhA jAtA hai ( dekho isI granthakA pariziSTa 9vaaN)| isI taraha anantavIryAcAryane siddhivinizcayake aneka vAkyoMko dharmottarake khaMDana rUpameM sa kiyA hai / dharmottara karIba-karIba prajJAkarake samakAlIna mAlUma hote hai|
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 17 zAntarakSita aura akalaMka - dharmakIrtike TIkAkAroMmeM zAntarakSita bhI atyanta prasiddha haiM / inhoMne arrest TIkA sivAya tattvasaMgraha nAmakA vizAla grantha bhI likhA hai| isakA samaya san 705 se 762 taka mAnA jAtA hai / ( dekho tattvasaMgrahakI prastAvanA ) akalaMka aura zAntarakSitakI tulanA ke lie hama kucha vAkya nIce dete haiM "vRkSe zAkhA : zilAzcAga ityeSA laukikA matiH / " - tattvasaM0 pR0 267 " tAneva pazyan pratyeti zAkhA vRkSe'pi laukikaH / " nyAyavini0 kA0 104, pramANasaM 0 kA0 26 " avikalpamavibhrAntaM tadyogIzvaramAnasam / " - tattvasaM0 pR0 934 "avikalpakamabhrAntaM pratyakSaM na paToyasAm / " - nyAyavi0 kA0 155 ' evaM yasya prameyatvavastusattvAdilakSaNAH / nihantuM hetavo'zaktAH ko na taM kalpayiSyati / / " -- tattvasaM0 pR0 885 " tadevaM prameyatvasattvAdiryatra hetulakSaNaM puSNAti taM kathaM cetanaH pratiSeddhumarhati saMzayituM vA // " - aSTaza0 aSTasaha0 pR0 58 1 - tattvasaM0 pR0 888 inake sivAya zAntarakSitane sarvajJasiddhimeM IkSaNikAdividyAkA dRSTAnta diyA yathA - " asti hokSaNikAdyAkhyA vidyA yAM ( yA ) suvibhAvitA / paracittaparijJAnaM karotI haiva janmani // " akalaMkadeva bhI ( nyAyavi0 kA0 407 ) sarvajJasiddhimeM IkSaNikA vidyAkA dRSTAnta dete haiM / ina avataraNoMse akalaMka aura zAntarakSitake bimbapratibimbabhAvakA AbhAsa ho sakatA hai / akalaMkake sAtha kI gaI prajJAkara Adiko tulanAse yaha bAta nirvivAda rUpase siddha ho jAtI hai ki akalaMkadeva inake uttarakAlIna nahIM to laghusamakAlIna to avazya hI haiM / ukta samasta AcAryoM ko khIMcakara eka kisI bhI taraha nahIM rakhA jA sakatA / ataH bhartRharike samAlocaka kumArila, kumArilakA nirasana karanevAle dharmakIrti, dharmakIrtike TIkAkAra prajJAkara gupta tathA prajJAkaraguptake vArtikAlaMkAra ke bAda banI huI karNakagomikI TIkA takakA Alocana karanevAle akalaMka kisI bhI taraha kumArila aura dharmakIrtike samakAlIna nahIM ho sakate / dharmakIrtike samayase inako avazya hI kamase kama 50 varSa bAda rakhanA hogaa| ina pacAsa varSoM meM pramANavArtikako TIkA, vArtikAlaMkArakI racanA tathA karNakagomikI svopajJavRttiTIkA banI hogI, aura usane itanI prasiddhi pAI hogI ki jisase vaha akalaMka jaise tArkikako apanI ora AkRSTa kara sake / ataH akalaMkakA samaya 720 se 780 taka mAnanA cAhie / purAne jamAne meM Aja jaise presa, DaoNka Adi zIghra prasiddhi ke sAdhana nahIM the, jinase koI lekhaka yA granthakAra 5 varSa meM hI duniyA~ke isa chorase usa chora taka khyAti prApta kara letA hai / phira usa samayakA sAmpradAyika vAtAvaraNa aisA thA jisase kAphI prasiddhi yA vicAroMkI maulikatA hI pratipakSI vidvAnoMkA dhyAna apanI ora AkRSTa kara sakatI thI, aura isa prasiddhi meM kamase kama 15-20 varSakA samaya to laganA hI cAhie / isa vivecanAke AdhArapara hama nimna AcAryoMkA samaya isa prakAra rakha sakate haiM bhartRhari 600 se 650 taka kumArila 600 se 680 taka 4-3 prajJAkara 670 se 725 taka karNakagomi 690 se 750 taka
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________________ 18 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha dharmakIrti 620 se 690 taka zAntarakSita 705 se 762 taka dharmottara 650 se 720 taka akalaMka 720 se 780 taka tAtparya yaha ki-bhartRharikI antima kRti vAkyapadIya san 650 ke AsapAsa banI hogii| vAkyapadIyake zlokoMkA khaMDana karanevAlA kumArilakA mImAMsAzlokavAtika aura tantravArtika jaisA mahAn grantha san 660 se pahile nahIM racA gayA hogaa| kumArilake mImAMsAzlokavAtikakI samAlocanA jisa dharmakIrtikRta bahatkAya pramANavArtikameM hai, usakI racanA san 670 ke AsapAsa huI hogii| pramANavArtikapara prajJAkara guptakI ativistRta vArtikAlaMkAra TIkA san 685 ke karIba racI gaI hogI / vArtikAlaMkArakA ullekha karanevAlI karNakagomikI vizAla pramANavArtikasvopajJavRttiTIkAkI racanA 720 se pahile kama saMbhava hai| ataH ina saba granthoMkI AlocanA karanevAle akalaMkakA samaya kisI bhI taraha san 720 se pahile nahIM jA sktaa| akalaMkacaritake '700 vikramArkazakAbda' vAle ullekhako hameM inhIM pramANoMke prakAzameM dekhanA hai| yadi 16vIM sadIke akalaMkacaritakI dI huI zAstrArthakI tithi ThIka hai to vaha vikramasaMvatkI na hokara zaka saMvatkI honI caahie| zakasaMvatkA ullekha bhI 'vikramArkazakAbda' zabdase pAyA jAtA hai| akalaMkakA yaha samaya mAnanese prabhAcandrake kathAkozakA unheM zubhatuMga ( kRSNarAja pra0 rAjya san 758 ke bAda ) kA mantriputra batalAnA, malliSeNaprazastikA sAhasatuMga ( dantidurgadvi0, rAjya san 745-758) kI sabhAmeM upasthita honA Adi ghaTanAe~ yuktisaMgata samayavAlI siddha ho jAtI hai| solahavIM sadIke akalaMkacaritakI apekSA hameM 14vIM sadIke kathAkoza tathA 12vIM sadIkI malliSeNaprazastiko agrasthAna denA hI hogA; jaba ki usake sAdhaka tathA poSaka anya Antarika pramANa upalabdha ho rahe haiM / iti / akalaMkagranthatraya grantha [ bAhyasvarUpaparicaya] 1. granthatraya ko akalaGkakartRkatA prastuta granthatrayake kartA prakhara tArkika, vAgmI zrImadbhaTTAkalaGkadeva haiN| akalaGkadevakI yaha zailI hai ki ve apane granthoMmeM kahIM na kahIM 'akalaGka' nAmakA prayoga karate haiN| kahIM vaha prayoga jinendrake vizeSaNarUpase huA hai to kahIM granthake vizeSaNarUpase aura kahIM kisI lakSyake lakSaNabhUta zabdoM meM vizeSaNarUpa se / laghIyastraya ke pramANanayapravezake antameM Ae hue 'kRtiriyaM sakalavAdicakracakravartino bhagavato bhaTTAkalaGkadevasya' isa puSpikAvAkyase, kArikA naM0 50 meM prayukta 'prekSAvAnakalaGkameti' padase tathA kArikA naM0 78 meM kathita 'bhagavadakalaGkAnAm' padase hI laghIyastrayakI akalaGkakartRkatA spaSTa hai aura anantavIryAcArya dvArA siddhi vinizcayaTIkA ( pR0 99B ) meM uddhRta "taduktam laghIyastraye-pramANaphalayo.....'' isa vAkyase, AcArya vidyAnanda dvArA pramANaparIkSA (pR0 69 ) evaM aSTasahasrA (pR0 134 ) meM 'taduktamakalaGkadevaH' kahakara uddhRta laghIyastrayakI tIsarI kArikAse, tathA tattvArthazlokavArtika (10 239) meM 'atra akalaGkadevAH prAhuH' karake uddhRta laghIyastrayakI 10vIM kArikAse laghIyastrayakI akalaGkakartakatA samarthita hotI hai| AcArya malayagiri Avazyaka niyuktiko TIkA ( pR0 370B.) meM 'tathA cAhAkalaGkaH' kahakara laghIyastrayakI 30vIM kArikA uddhRta karake laghIyastrayakI akalaGkakartRtAkA anumodana karate haiM /
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 19 nyAyavinizcaya kArikA naM0 386 meM prayukta 'visrabdhairakalaGkaratnanicayanyAyo' padase, tathA kArikA naM0 480 meM 'AbhavyAdakalaMka maGgalaphalam' padake prayogase kevala nyAyavinizcayako akalaGkakartRkatA yati ho nahIM hotI; kintu nyAyavinizcayavivaraNakAra vAdirAjasUrike ullekhoMse tathA AcArya anantavIryadvArA siddhivinizcayaTIkA ( pR0 208B) meM, evaM AcArya vidyAnanda dvArA AptaparIkSA ( pR0 49 ) meM 'taduktamakalaGkadevaH' kahakara uddhRta kI gaI isakI 51vIM kArikAse isakA prabala samarthana bhI hotA hai / AcArya dharmabhUSaNa ne to nyAyadIpikA ( pR0 8 ) meM 'taduktaM bhagavadbhirakalaGkadevaiH nyAyavinizcaye' likhakara nyAyavinizcayakI tIsarI kArikA uddhRta karake isakA asaMdigdha anumodana kiyA hai / pramANasaMgraha kI kArikA naM0 9 meM AyA huA 'akalaGkaM mahIyasAm' pada pramANasaMgrahake akalaGkaracita hone kI sUcanA de detA hai / isakA samarthana AcArya vidyAnanda dvArA 'tattvArthazlokavArtika ( pR0 185 ) meM 'alaGkarabhyadhAyi yaH ' kahakara uddhRta isakI dUsarI kArikAse, tathA vAdirAjasUri dvArA nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa ( pR0 83A. ) meM ' tathA cAtra devasya vacanam' likhakara uddhRta kie gae isake ( pR0 98 ) ' vividhAnuvivAdanasya' vAkya se spaSTarUpa meM ho jAtA hai / 2. granyatrayake nAmakA itihAsa tathA paricaya laghIyastraya nAmase mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha choTe-choTe tIna prakaraNoMkA eka saMgraha hai / para isakA laghIyastraya nAma granthakartAke manameM prArambhase hI thA yA nahIM, athavA bAdameM granthakArane svayaM yA unake TIkAkAroM ne yaha nAma rakhA, yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki grantha banAte samaya akalaMkadeva - ko 'laghIyastraya' nAmakI kalpanA nahIM thii| unake manameM to dignAgake nyAyapraveza jaisA eka jaina nyAyapraveza arrant bAta ghUma rahI thI / yadyapi boddha aura naiyAyika parArthAnumAnako nyAyazabdako maryAdAmeM rakhate haiM; para akalaMkadevane tattvArtha sUtrake ' pramANanayairadhigamaH ' sUtra meM varNita adhigamake upAyabhUta pramANa aura nayako hI nyAyazabdakA vAcya mAnA hai| tadanusAra ho unhoMne apane granthako racanAke samaya pramANa aura nayake nirUpaNakA upakrama kiyA / laghIyastrayake paricchedoM kA pravezarUpase vibhAjana to nyAyapravezako AdhAra mAnaneko kalpanAkA spaSTa samarthana karatA hai / pramANanayapravezakI samAptisthalameM vivRtikI pratimeM " iti pramANanayapravezaH samAptaH / kRtiriyaM sakalavAdicakravartino bhagavato bhaTTAkalaGkadevasya" yaha vAkya pAyA jAtA hai / isa vAvayase spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki - akalaMkadevane prathama hI 'pramANanayapraveza' banAyA thA / isa pramANanayapravezakI saMkalanA, maMgala tathA paryavasAna isake akhaNDa prakaraNa honeko pUrI taraha siddha karate haiM / yadi nayapraveza pramANapravezase bhinna eka svatantra prakaraNa hotA to usameM pravacana pravezakI taraha svataMtra maMgalavAkya honA cAhie thA / akalaMkadevakI pravacanapara agAdha zraddhA thI / yahI kAraNa hai ki -svataMtra utpAdanakI pUrNa sAmarthya rakhate hue bhI unhoMne apanI zakti purAtana pravacana ke samanvaya meM hI lagAI / unane pravacana meM praveza karaneke lie tattvArtha sUtra meM adhigamopAya rUpase prarUpita pramANa, naya aura nikSepakA akhaMDarUpase varNana karaneke lie pravacanapraveza banAyA / isa taraha akalaMkadevane pramANanayapraveza aura pravacanapraveza ye do svataMtra prakaraNa banAye / yaha prazna abhI taka hai hI ki - ' isakA laghIyastraya nAma kisane rakhA ?' mujhe to aisA lagatA hai| ki - yaha sUjha anantavIrya AcArya kI hai; kyoMki laghIyastraya nAmakA sabase purAnA ullekha hameM siddhivinizcaya TIkA meM milatA hai / anantavIrya kI dRSTimeM 'pramANanayapraveza' eka akhaNDa prakaraNa nahIM thA, ve use do svataMtra prakaraNa mAnate the / isakA AdhAra yaha hai ki - siddhivinizcaya TIkA ( pR0 572 B. ) meM zabdanayAdikA lakSaNa karake ve likhate haiM ki " eteSAmudAharaNAni nayapravezakaprakaraNAdavagantavyAni" - inake
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________________ 20 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha udAharaNa nayapravezakaprakaraNase jAnanA caahie| yahA~ nayapravezako svataMtra prakaraNarUpameM ullekha karanese anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki anantavIryakI dRSTimeM pramANapraveza aura nayapraveza do prakaraNa the| aura yaha bahuta kucha sambhava hai ki unane ho pravacanapravezako milAkara inakI 'laghIyastraya' saMjJA dI ho| usa samaya pravezaka aura laghu graMthoMko prakaraNa zabdase kahanekI paramparA thii| jaise nyAyapravezaprakaraNa, nyAyavinduprakaraNa Adi / anantavIryake isa laghIyastraya saMjJAkaraNake bAda to inakI pramANanayapraveza tathA pravacanapraveza saMjJA laghIyastrayake tIna pravezoMke rUpameM hI rahI granthake nAmake rUpa meM nhiiN| ___ astu, laghIyastraya nAmakA itihAsa jAna lene ke bAda aba hama isakA eka akhaNDa granthake rUpameM hI varNana kareMge; kyoMki Aja taka nirvivAda rUpase yaha eka hI granthake rUpa meM svIkRta calA A rahA hai / isa granthameM tIna praveza hai-1. pramANa praveza, 2. naya praveza, 3. nikSepa praveza / pramANa pravezake cAra pariccheda haiM1. pratyakSa pariccheda, 2. viSaya pariccheda, 3. parokSa pariccheda, 4. Agama pariccheda / ina cAra paricchedoMke sAtha nayapraveza tathA pravacana pravezako milAkara kula 6 pariccheda svopajJavivatikI pratimeM pAe jAte haiM / laghIyastrayake vyAkhyAkAra A0 prabhAcandrane pravacanapravezake bhI do pariccheda karake kula sAta paricchedoMpara apanI nyAyakumadacandra vyAkhyA likho hai| pravacanapravezameM jahA~ taka pramANa aura nayakA varNana hai vahA~ taka prabhAcandrane chaThavAM pariccheda, tathA nikSepake varNanako svatantra sAtavA~ pariccheda mAnA hai| laghIyastrayameM kUla 78 kArikAe~ hai| mudrita laghIyastrayameM 77 hI kArikAe~ hai| usameM 'lakSaNaM kSaNikaikAnte' ( kA0 35 ) kArikA nahIM hai / nayapravezake antameM 'mohenaiva paro'pi' ityAdi padya bhI vivRtikI pratimeM likhA huA milatA hai / para isa padyakA prabhAcandra tathA abhayanandine vyAkhyAna nahIM kiyA hai, tathA usakI malagranthake sAtha koI saMgati bhI pratIta nahIM hotI, ataH ise prakSipta samajhanA caahie| prathama pari0 meM 6 // , dvi0 pari0meM 3, ta0 pari0meM 12, catu0 pari0 meM 7, paMcama pari0meM 21, tathA 6 pravacana pra0 meM 28, isa taraha kula 78 kArikAe~ haiN| mala laghIyastrayake sAtha hI svayaM akalaMkadevakI saMkSipta vivRti bhI isI saMskaraNameM mudrita hai| yaha vivati kArikAoMkA vyAkhyAnarUpa na hokara usameM sUcita viSayoMko pUraka hai| akalaMkadevane ise mUla zlokoMke sAtha ho sAtha likhA hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki-akalaMkadeva jisa padArthako kahanA cAhate haiM, ve usake amaka aMzakI kArikA banAkara bAkIko gadya bhAgameM likhate haiN| ataH viSayakI dRSTise gadya aura padya donoM milakara ho granthakI akhaMDatA sthira rakhate haiN| dharmakIrtikI pramANavAtikakI vRtti bhI kucha isI prakArakI hai| usameM bhI kArikokta padArthakI pUrti tathA spaSTatAke lie bahuta kucha likhA gayA hai| akalaMkake pramANasaMgrahakA adhyayana karanese yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki-akalaMkake gadyabhAgako hama zaddha vRtti nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki zuddha vRttimeM mAtra mUlakArikAkA vyAkhyAna honA hI Avazyaka hai, para laghoyastrayakI vivRti yA pramANasaMgrahake gadyabhAgameM vyAkhyAnAtmaka aMza nahIMke ho barAbara haiN| hA~, kArikokta padoMko AdhAra banAkara usa viSayakA zeSa vaktavya gadyarUpa meM upasthita kara diyA hai| vyAkhyAkAra prabhAcandrane isako vivati mAnA hai aura ve kArikAkA vyAkhyAna karake jaba gadya bhAgakA vyAkhyAna karate haiM taba 'vivRti vivRNvantAha' likhate haiM / vivRti zabdakA prayoga hamAre vicArase khAlisa TIkA yA vRttike artha meM na hokara tatsambaddha zeSa vaktavyake arthameM hai| laghIyastrayameM cacita viSaya saMkSepameM isa prakAra haiprathamaparicchedameM-samyagjJAnakI pramANatA, pratyakSa parokSakA lakSaNa, pratyakSake sAMvyavahArika aura
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 21 mukhya rUpa se do bheda, sAMvyavahArikake indriyAnindriyapratyakSa rUpase bheda, mukhyapratyakSa kA samarthana, sAMvyavahArikake avagrahAdirUpase bheda tathA unake lakSaNa, avagrahAdike bahvAdirUpa bheda, bhAvendriya dravyendriyake lakSaNa, pUrva pUrvaMjJAnakI pramANatAmeM uttarottara jJAnoMkI phalarUpatA Adi viSayoMkI caracA hai / dvitIyapariccheda meM- - dravyaparyAyAtmaka vastukA pramANaviSayatva tathA arthakriyAkAritva, nityaikAnta tathA kSaNikaikAnta meM kramayaugapadyarUpase arthakriyAkAritvakA abhAva, nitya mAnanepara vikriyA tathA avikriyAkA avirodha Adi pramANake viSayase sambandha rakhanevAle vicAra prakaTa kie haiN| tRtIyapariccheda meM - mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA, tathA abhinibodhakA zabdayojanA se pUrva avasthAmeM mativyapadeza tathA uttara avasthA meM zrutavyapadeza, vyAptikA grahaNa pratyakSa aura anumAnake dvArA asaMbhava honese vyAptigrAhI tarkakA prAmANya, anumAnakA lakSaNa, jalacandrake dRSTAntase kAraNa hetukA samarthana, kRtikodaya Adi pUrvaca hetukA samarthana, adRzyAnupalabdhise bhI paracaitanya AdikA abhAvajJAna, naiyAyikAbhimata upamAnakA sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnameM antarbhAva, pratyabhijJAnake vaisadRzya ApekSika pratiyogi Adi bhedoMkA nirUpaNa, bauddha matameM svabhAvAdi hetuoMke prayoga meM kaThinatA, anumAnAnumeyavyavahArakI vAstavikatA evaM vikalpabuddhi kI pramANatA Adi parokSajJAnase sambandha rakhanevAle viSayoMkI caracA hai / caturthapariccheda meM - kisI bhI jJAnameM aikAntika pramANatA yA apramANatAkA niSedha karake pramANAbhAsakA svarUpa, savikalpajJAnameM pratyakSAbhAsatAkA abhAva, avisaMvAda aura visaMvAdase pramANa- pramANAbhAsavyavasthA, viprakRSTaviSayoM meM zrutakI pramANatA, hetuvAda aura AptoktarUpase dvividha zrutakI avisaMvAdi honese pramANatA, zabdoMke vivakSAvAcitvakA khaNDanakara unakI arthavAcakatA Adi zruta sambandhI bAtoMkA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha pramANake svarUpa, saMkhyA, viSaya aura phalakA nirUpaNakara pramANapraveza samApta hotA hai| paMcama pariccheda meM naya durnayake lakSaNa, dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika rUpase mUlabheda, satrUpase samasta vastuoMke grahaNakA saMgrahanayatva, brAhmavAdakA saMgrahAbhAsatva, bauddhAbhimata ekAntakSa NikatAkA nirAsa, guNaguNI, dharma-dharmIko gauNa mukhya vivakSAmeM naigamanayakI pravRtti, vaizeSikasammata guNaguNyAdike ekAnta bhedakA naigamAbhAsatva, prAmANika bhedakA vyavahAranayatva, kAlpanika bhedakA vyavahArAbhAsatva, kAlakArakAdike bhedase artha - bheda nirUpaNakI zabdanayatA paryAyabhedase arthabhedaka kathanakA samabhirUDhanayatva, kriyAbhedase arthabheda prarUpaNakA evaMbhUtanayatva, sAmagrIbhedase abhinnavastumeM bhI SaTkArakIkA saMbhava Adi samasta nayaparivArakA vivecana hai / yahA~ nayapraveza samApta ho jAtA hai / 6. pravacana praveza meM -- pramANa, naya aura nikSepake kathanakI pratijJA, artha aura AlokakI jJAnakAraNatAkA khaMDana, andhakArako jJAnakA viSaya honese AvaraNarUpatAkA abhAva, tajjanma, tApya aura tadadhyavasAyakA prAmANyameM aprayojakatva, zrutake sakalAdeza vikalAdeza rUpase do upayoga, 'syAdastyeva jIvaH ' isa vAkyakI vikalAdezatA, 'syAjjIva eva' isa vAkyakI sakalAdezatA, zabdakI vivakSAse bhinna vAstavika arthI vAcakatA, naigamAdi sAta nayoMmeMse Adike nagamAdi cAra nayoMkA arthanayatva, zabdAdi tIna nayoMkA zabdanayatva, nAmAdi cAra nikSepoMke lakSaNa, aprastuta nirAkaraNa tathA prastuta arthakA nirUpaNa rUpa nikSepakA phala, ityAdi pravacanake adhigamopAyabhUta pramANa, naya aura nikSepakA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / nyAyavinizcaya-- dharmakIrtikA eka pramANavinizcaya grantha prasiddha hai / isakI racanA gadyapadyamaya hai / nyAyavinizcaya nAma spaSTatayA isI pramANavinizcaya nAmakA anukaraNa hai / nAmakI pasandagI meM Antarika
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________________ 22 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha viSayakA nizcaya bhI eka khAsa kAraNa hotA hai| siddhasena divAkarane apane nyAyAvatArameM pratyakSa, anumAna aura zabda ina tIna pramANoMkA vivecana kiyA hai / akalaMkadevane nyAyavinizcayameM bhI tIna prastAva rakhe haiM1 pratyakSa prastAva, 2 anumAna prastAva, 3 pravacana prastAva / ataH saMbhava hai ki-akalaMkake lie viSayakI pasandagImeM tathA prastAvake vibhAjanameM nyAyAvatAra preraka ho, aura isIlie unhoMne nyAyAvatArake 'nyAya'ke sAtha pramANavinizcayake 'vinizcaya' kA mela baiThAkara nyAyavinizcaya nAma rakhA ho / vAdidevasarine syAdvAdaratnAkara ( pR0 23 ) meM 'dharmakIrtirapi nyAyavinizcayasya' yaha ullekha karake likhA hai ki nyAyavinizcayake tIna paricchedoM meM kramazaH pratyakSa, svArthAnumAna aura parArthAnumAnakA varNana hai| yadi dharmakIrtikA pramANavinizcayake atirikta bhI koI nyAyavinizcaya grantha hai taba to jJAta hotA hai ki prastAvavibhAjana tathA nAmakaraNakI kalpanAmeM usIne kArya kiyA hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki-pramANavinizcayako ho vAdidevasarine nyAyavinizcaya samajha liyA ho / isake tIna prastAvoMmeM nimnaviSayoMkA vivecana hai prathama pratyakSaprastAvameM-pratyakSakA lakSaNa, indriyapratyakSakA lakSaNa, pramANasamplavasUcana, cakSurAdibuddhiyoMkA vyavasAyAtmakatva, vikalpake abhilApavattva Adi lakSaNoMkA khaMDana, jJAnako parokSa mAnanekA nirA svasaMvedanakI siddhi, jJAnAntaravedyajJAnanirAsa, acetanajJAnanirAsa, sAkArajJAnanirAsa, nirAkArajJAna siddhi, saMvedanAdvaitanirAsa, vibhramavAdanirAsa, bahirarthasiddhi, citrajJAnakhaMDana, paramANurUpa bahirarthakA nirAkaraNa, avayavoMse bhinna avayavIkA khaMDana, dravyakA lakSaNa, guNaparyAyakA svarUpa, sAmAnyakA svarUpa, arthake utpAdAdAditrayAtmakatvakA samarthana, apoharUpa sAmAnyakA nirAsa, vyaktise bhinna sAmAnyakA khaNDana, dharmakIrtisammata pratyakSalakSaNakA khaMDana, bauddhakalpita svasaMvedanayogimAnasapratyakSa nirAsa, sAMkhyakalpita pratyakSalakSaNakA khaMDana, naiyAyikake pratyakSakA samAlocana, atIndriyapratyakSa kA lakSaNa Adi viSayoMkA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| __dvitIya anumAnaprastAvameM-anumAnakA lakSaNa, pratyakSakI taraha anumAnakI bahirarthaviSayatA, sAdhyasAdhyAbhAsake lakSaNa, bauddhAdimatoMmeM sAdhyaprayogakI asambhavatA, zabdakA arthavAcakatva, zabdasaMketagrahaNaprakAra, bhUtacaitanyavAdakA nirAkaraNa, guNaguNi bhedakA nirAkaraNa, sAdhana-sAdhanAbhAsake lakSaNa, prameyatva hetukI anekAntasAdhakatA, sattvahetukI pariNAmitvaprasAdhakatA, trairUpya khaMDana pUrvaka anyathAnupapattisamarthana, tarkakI pramANatA, anupalambhahetukA samarthana, pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacarahetukA samarthana, asiddha viruddha anaikAntika aura akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsoMkA vivecana, dUSaNAbhAsa lakSaNa, jAtilakSaNa, jayetaravyavasthA, dRSTAnta-dRSTAntAbhAsa vicAra, vAdakA lakSaNa, nigrahasthAnalakSaNa, vAdAbhAsalakSaNa Adi anumAnase sambandha rakhanevAle viSayoMkA varNana hai| tRtIya pravacanaprastAvameM-pravacanakA svarUpa, sugatake AptatvakA nirAsa, sugatake karuNAvattva tathA caturAryasatyapratipAdakatvakA parihAsa, Agamake apauruSeyatvakA khaNDana, sarvajJatvasamarthana, jyotirjJAnopadeza satyasvapnajJAna tathA IkSaNikAdividyAke dRSTAnta dvArA sarvajJatvasiddhi, zabdanityatva nirAsa, jIvAditattvanirUpaNa, nairAtmyabhAvanAkI nirarthakatA, mokSakA svarUpa, saptabhaMgInirUpaNa, syAdvAdameM diye jAnevAle saMzayAdi doSoMkA parihAra, smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna AdikA prAmANya, pramANakA phala Adi viSayoMkA vivecana hai| laghIyastrayakI taraha nyAyavinizcayapara bhI svayaM akalaGkakRta vivRti avazya rahI hai| jaisA ki nyAyavinizcayavivaraNakAra ( pR0 120 B.) ke 'vRttimadhyavartitvAta' Adi vAkyoMse tathA siddhivinizcayaTIkA ( pR0 120 A.) meM nyAyavinizcayake nAmase udadhRta 'nacatabahireva' Adi gadyabhAgase patA calatA
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 23 hai| nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa ( 10 161 B. ) meM 'tathA ca sUktaM co devasya vacanam' kahakara 'samAropavyavacchedAt"..' zloka uddhRta milatA hai / bahata kucha sambhava hai ki isI vivRtirUpa gadyabhAgakA hI vivaraNakArane Ni zabdase ullekha kiyA ho / nyAyavinizcayavivaraNakAra vAdirAjane nyAya vinizcayake kevala padyabhAgakA vyAkhyAna kiyA hai| pramANasaMgraha-paM0 sukhalAlajIkI kalpanA hai ki-'pramANasaMgraha nAma dignAgake pramANasamuccaya tathA zAntarakSitake tattvasaMgrahakA smaraNa dilAtA hai| yaha kalpanA hRdayako lagatI hai| para tattvasaMgrahake pahile bhI prazastapAdabhASyakA padArthasaMgraha nAma pracalita rahA hai| saMbhava hai ki saMgrahAnta nAmapara isakA bhI kucha prabhAva ho| jaisA ki isakA nAma hai vaisA hI yaha grantha vastutaH pramANoM-yuktiyoMkA saMgraha hI hai / isa granthakI bhASA aura khAsakara viSaya to atyanta jaTila tathA kaThinatAse samajhane lAyaka hai| akalaMkake ina tIna granthoMmeM yahI grantha prameyabahula hai| mAlama hotA hai ki yaha grantha nyAyavinizcayake bAda banAyA gayA hai| kyoMki isake kaI prastAvoMke antameM nyAyavinizcayakI anekoM kArikAe~ binA kisI upakrama vAkyake likhI gaI hai / isakI praur3hazailIse jJAta hotA hai ki yaha akalaMkadevakI antima kRti hai, aura isameM unhoMne apane yAvat avaziSTa vicAroMke likhanekA prayAsa kiyA hai, isalie yaha itanA gahana ho gayA hai| isameM hetuoMke upalabdhi anupalabdhi Adi anekoM bhedoMkA vistata vivecana hai| jabaki nyAyavinizcayameM mAtra unakA nAma hI liyA gayA hai| ataH yaha sahaja hI samajhA jA sakatA hai ki-yaha nyAyavinizcayake bAda banAyA gayA hogaa| isameM 9 prastAva hai, tathA kula 87 / / kArikAe~ / prathama prastAvameM-9 kArikAe~ hai| inameM pratyakSakA lakSaNa, zrutakA pratyakSAnumAnAgamapUrvakatva, pramANakA phala, mukhyapratyakSakA lakSaNa Adi pratyakSa viSayaka nirUpaNa hai|| dvitIya prastAva meM-9 kArikAe~ haiN| inameM smatikA prAmANya, pratyabhijJAnakI pramANatA, tarkakA lakSaNa, pratyakSAnupalambhase tarkakA udbhava, kutarkakA lakSaNa, vivakSAke binA bhI zabdaprayogakA saMbhava, parokSa padArthoM meM zrutase avinAbhAvagrahaNa AdikA varNana hai / arthAt parokSake bheda smRti, pratyabhijJAna aura tarkakA nirUpaNa hai| / prastAvameM-10 kArikAe~ haiN| inameM anumAnake avayava sAdhya-sAdhanakA lakSaNa, sAdhyAbhAsakA lakSaNa, sadasadekAntameM sAdhyaprayogakI asaMbhavatA, sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka vastukI sAdhyatA tathA usameM diye jAnevAle saMzayAdi ATha doSoMkA parihAra AdikA varNana hai| caturtha prstaavmeN-11|| kArikAe~ haiM / inameM trirUpakA khaMDana karake anyathAnupattirUpa hetulakSaNakA samarthana, hetuke upalabdhi, anupalabdhi Adi bhedoMkA vivecana, pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacarahetukA samarthana Adi hetu-sambandhI vicAra hai| paMcama prstaavmeN-10|| kArikAe~ haiN| inameM viruddhAdi hetvAbhAsoMkA nirUpaNa, sarvathA ekAntameM sattvahetukI viruddhatA, sahopalambhaniyamahetukI viruddhatA, viruddhAvyabhicArIkA viruddhameM antarbhAva, ajJAta hetRkA akiJcitkarameM antarbhAva Adi hetvAbhAsa viSayaka prarUpaNa hai, tathA antarvyAptikA samarthana hai| SaSTha prstaavmeN-12|| kArikAe~ haiN| inameM vAdakA lakSaNa, jayaparAjaya vyavasthAkA svarUpa, jAtikA lakSaNa, dadhyaSTatvAdike abhedaprasaMgakA jAtyuttaratva, utpAdAditrayAtmakatvasamarthana, sarvathA nitya siddha karanemeM sattvahetakA siddhasenAdike matase asiddhatvAdinirUpaNa Adi vAdaviSayaka kathana hai| antameM-dharmakIrti Adine apane granthoMmeM prativAdiyoMke prati jina jADya Adi apazabdoMkA prayoga kiyA hai unakA bahata sandara
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________________ 24 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha muMhator3a uttara diyA hai| likhA hai ki-zunyavAda, saMvRtivAda, vijJAnavAda, nivikalpakadarzana, paramANasaMcayako pratyakSakA viSaya mAnanA, apohavAda tathA mithyAsantAna ye sAta bAteM mAnanevAlA hI vastutaH jar3a hai| pratijJAko asAdhana kahanA, adRzyAnupalabdhiko agamaka kahanA Adi hI ahrIkatA-nirlajjatA hai| nirvikapakapratyakSake sivAya saba jJAnoMko bhrAnta kahanA, sAkAra jJAna mAnanA, kSaNabhaGgavAda tathA asatkAryavAda hI pazatAke dyotaka haiN| paraloka na mAnanA, zAstra na mAnanA, tapa-dAna devatA Adise inkAra karanA hI alaukikatA hai / atIndriya dharmAdharma AdimeM zabda-vedako hI pramANa mAnanA, kisI cetanako usakA jJAtA na kahanA hI tAmasa hai| saMskRta Adi zabdoMmeM sAdhutA, asAdhutAkA vicAra tathA unake prayogamAtrase puNya-pApa mAnanA hI prAkRta-grAmINajanakA lakSaNa hai| saptama prastAvameM-10 kArikAe~ haiN| isameM pravacanakA lakSaNa, sarvajJatAmeM kiye jAnevAle sandehakA nirAkaraNa, apauruSeyatvakA khaMDana, tattvajJAnacAritrakI mokSahetutA Adi pravacana sambandhI viSayoMkA vivecana hai| aSTama prastAvameM-13 kArikAe~ haiM / inameM saptabhaMgIkA nirUpaNa tathA naigamAdinayoMkA kathana hai / navama prastAvameM-2 kArikAe~ haiN| inameM pramANanaya aura nikSepakA upasaMhAra hai / 3. racanAzailI akalaGkake graMtha do prakArake haiM-1 TIkA graMtha, 2.svatantra prakaraNa / TIkA graMthoMmeM rAjavAtika tathA aSTazatI hai| svatantra graMthoMmeM laghIyastrayasavivRti, nyAyavinizcaya savRtti, siddhivinizcaya savRtti aura pramANasaMgraha ye cAra graMtha nizcitarUpase akalaMkakartRka hai| paramparAgata prasiddhikI dRSTise svarUpasambodhana, nyAyacUlikA, akalaMka pratiSThApATha, akalaMka prAyazcittasaMgraha Adi haiM, jinake kartA prasiddha akalaMkadeva na hokara anya akalaMka haiN| rAjavAtikake sivAya prAyaH sabhI graMtha aSTazatI jitane 800 zloka pramANa hI mAlama hote haiM / dharmakItike hetubindu, vAdanyAya, pramANavinizcaya graMtha bhI karIba-karIba itane hI choTe haiN| usa samaya saMkSipta para arthabahula, gambhIra tathA talasparzI prakaraNoMkI racanAkA hI yuga thaa| akalaMka jaba Agamika viSayapara kalama uThAte hai taba unake lekhanakI saralatA, vizadatA evaM prasAda guNakA pravAha pAThakako par3henese Ubane nahIM detaa| rAjavArtikakI prasanna racanA isakA apratima udAharaNa hai| parantu jaba vahI akalaMka tArkika viSayoMpara likhate haiM taba ve utane hI durUha bana jAte haiM / akalaMkake prastuta saMskaraNameM mudrita prakaraNagraMtha atyanta jaTila, gUr3ha evaM itane saMkSipta haiM ki kahIM-kahIM unakA AdhAra lekara TIkAkAroM dvArA kiye gaye artha akalaMkake manogata the yA nahIM yaha sandeha hone lagatA hai| akalaMkake prakaraNoMkI yathArthajJatAkA dAvA karanevAle anantavIrya bhI inakI gUr3hatAke viSayameM barabasa kaha uThate haiM ki "devasyAnantavIryo'pi padaM vyaktaM tu sarvathA / na jAnIte'kalaMkasya citrametatparaM bhuvi // " arthAta-"anantavIrya bhI akalaMka devake padoMke vyakta arthako nahIM jAna pAtA yaha bar3A Azcarya hai|" ye anantavIrya usa samaya akalaMkake prakaraNoM ke marmajJa, taladraSTA samajhe jAte the / prabhAcandra evaM vAdirAja anaMtavIryakI akalaMkIya prakaraNoMkI talasparzitAkA varNana karate hue likhate haiM ki-"maiMne trilokake yAvat padArthoMko saMkSeparUpase varNana karanevAlI akalaMkakI paddhatiko anantavIryakI uktiyoMkA saikar3oM bAra abhyAsa karake samajha pAyA hai|" "akalaMkake gUr3ha prakaraNoMko yadi anantavIryake vacanadIpa prakaTa na karate to unheM kauna samajha sakatA thA ?" Adi /
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 25 savivRti laghIyastrayapara prabhAcandrakI TIkA upalabdha honese tathA usakA viSaya kucha prArambhika honese samajhane meM utanI kaThinAI nahIM mAlama hotI jitanI nyAyavinizcayameM / pramANasaMgrahameM to yaha kaThinAI apanI caramasImAko pahu~ca jAtI hai| eka hI prakaraNameM aneka carcAoMkA samAveza ho jAnese to yaha jaTilatA aura bhI bar3ha jAtI hai| udAharaNArtha-nyAyavinizcayameM bhUtacaitanyavAdakA nirAkaraNa karate hue jahA~ yaha likhA hai ki jJAna bhUtoMkA guNa nahIM hai, vahIM lage hAtha guNa zabdakA vyAkhyAna tathA vaizeSikake guNaguNibhedakA khaMDana bhI kara diyA hai / samajhanevAlA isase viSayake vargIkaraNameM bar3I kaThinAIkA anubhava karatA hai| akalaMkadevakA SaDdarzanakA gaharA abhyAsa tathA bauddhazAstroMkA atulabhAvanApUrvaka AtmasAtkaraNa hI unake prakaraNoMkI jaTilatAmeM kAraNa mAlama hotA hai / ve yaha socate hai ki kama-se-kama zabdoMmeM adhikase adhika sUkSma aura bahupadArtha hI nahIM kintu bahuvidha padArtha likhA jAya / unakI yaha zabdasaMkSiptatA bar3e-bar3e prakANDapaNDitoMko apanI buddhiko mApanekA mApadaNDa bana rahI hai / dharmakIrtikI pramANavArtika-svavRttiko dekhakara to yaha aura bhI spaSTa mAlama hone lagatA hai ki usa samaya kucha aisI hI sUtra rUpase likhane kI paramparA thii| lekhanazailImeM parihAsakA puTa bhI kahIM-kahIM bar3I vyaMjanAke sAtha milatA hai, jaise-nyAyavinizcayameM dharmakIrtike-'jaba saba padArtha dravyarUpase eka haiM taba dahI aura U~Ta bhI dravyarUpase eka hue, ataH dahIko sAnevAlA U~Tako kyoM nahIM khAtA ?" isa AkSepakA uttara dete hue likhA hai ki-bhAI, jaise sugata pUrva bhavameM mRga the, tathA mRga bhI sugata huA thA, ataH santAnadRSTise eka honepara bhI Apa mRgakI jagaha sugatako kyoM nahIM khA vandanA kyoM nahIM karate ? ataH jisa taraha vahA~ paryAyabheda honese vanyatva aura khAdyatva kI vyavasthA hai usI taraha dahI aura U~Take zarIrameM pudgaladravyarUpase ekatA honepara bhI paryAyakI apekSA bhinnatA hai / yathA "sugato'pi mRgo jAtaH mRgo'pi sugatastathA / tathApi sugato vandyo mRgaH khAdyo yatheSyate // tathA vastUbalAdeva bhedAbhedavyavasthiteH / cIdito dadhi khAdeti kimaSTamabhidhAvati // " -nyAyavi0 3 / 373-74 akalaMkake prakaraNoMkA sUkSmatAse anusaMdhAna karanepara mAlama hotA hai ki-akalaMkadevakI sIdhI coTa bauddhoMke Upara hai| itaradarzana to prasaMgase hI cacita hai, aura unakI samAlocanAmeM bauddhadarzanakA sahArA bhI liyA gayA hai / bauddhAcArya dharmakItike pramANavArtikase to anekoM pUrvapakSa zabdazaH lekara samAlocita hue haiN| dharmakIrtike sAtha hI sAtha unake ziSya evaM TIkAkAra prajJAkaragupta, karNakagomi prabhRti bhI akalaMkake dvArA yuktijAloMmeM lapeTe gaye haiM / jahA~ bhI maukA milA sautrAntika yA vijJAnavAdIke Upara pUrA-pUrA prahAra kiyA gayA hai| kumArilakI sarvajJatAvirodhinI yuktiyA~ prabalapramANoMse khaMDita kI gaI hai| jainanirUpaNameM sa bhadra, pUjyapAdakA prabhAva honepara bhI nyAyavinizcayameM siddhasena divAkarake nyAyAvatAra tathA laghIyastrayake nayanirUpaNameM sanmatitarka ke nayakANDa tathA mallavAdike nayacakrakA bhI prabhAva hai| uttarakAlIna graMthakAra anaMtavIrya, mANikyanandi, vidyAnanda, prabhAcandra, abhayadeva, zAntisUri, vAdirAja, vAdideva, hemacandra tathA yazo. vijaya Adi sabhI AcAryoMne akalaMkake dvArA prasthApita jainanyAyakI rekhAkA vistAra kiyA tathA unake vAkyoMko bar3I zraddhAse uddhRtakara apanI kRtajJatA prakaTa kI hai| akalaMka dvArA praNIta vyavasthAmeM anupapatti zAntisari tathA malayagiri AcAryane dikhAI hai / zAntisUrine jainatarkavAtikameM akalaMka dvArA pramANasaMgrahameM pratipAdita pratyakSa-anumAna-Agamanimittaka trividha zrutakI jagaha dvividha-anumAnaja aura zabdaja zruta mAnA hai| malayagiri AcAryane samyagnayameM syAtpadake prayogakA isa AdhArapara samAlocana kiyA hai ki syAta padakA prayoga karanese to pramANa aura nayameM koI bheda nahIM rhegaa| para isakA uttara u0 yazovijayane gurutattvavinizcayameM de diyA hai ki-mAtra syAt padake prayogase pramANa
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________________ 26 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha ya aura nayameM bhedAbhAva nahIM ho sakatA / nayAntarasApekSanaya yadi pramANa ho jAya taba to vyavahArAdi sabhI nayoMko pramANa mAnanA hogaa| isa taraha upAdhyAyajIne akakalaMke matakA hI samarthana kiyA hai| Antarika viSayaparicaya isa paricayameM akalaMkadevane prastuta tInoM granthoMmeM jina viSayoMpara saMkSepa yA vistArase jo bhI likhA hai, una viSayoMkA sAmAnya paricaya tathA akalaMkadevake vaktavyakA sAra diyA hai| isase yogyabhUmivAle jainanyAyake abhyAsiyoMkA akalaMkake granthoMmeM praveza to hogA hI, sAtha hI sAtha jainanyAyake rasika adhyApakoMko jainanyAyase sambandha rakhanevAle darzanAntarIya viSayoMkI anekoM mahattvapUrNa carcAeM bhI mila skeNgii| isameM prasaMgataH jina anya AcAryoMke matoMkI carcA AI hai unake avattaraNa dekhane ke lie usa viSayake TippaNoMko dhyAnase dekhanA caahie| isa paricayako graMthazaH nahIM likhakara tonoM granthoMke mukhya-mukhya viSayoMkA saMkalana karake likhA hai jisase pAThakoMko vizeSa suvidhA rhegii| yaha paricaya mukhyatayAse pramANa, prameya, naya, nikSepa aura saptabhaMgIrUpase sthUla vibhAga karake likhA gayA hai| 1. pramANanirUpaNa pramANasAmAnyavicAra-samantabhadra aura siddhasenane pramANasAmAnyake lakSaNameM svaparAvabhAsaka, jJAna tathA bAdhavarjita pada rakhe haiM, jo usa samayake pracalita lakSaNoMse jainalakSaNako vyAvRtta karAte the / sAdhAraNatayA 'pramAkaraNaM pramANam' yaha lakSaNa sarvamAnya thaa| vivAda thA to isa viSayameM ki vaha karaNa kauna ho? nyAyabhApyameM karaNarUpase sannikarSa aura jJAna donoMkA spaSTatayA nirdeza hai| yadyapi vijJAnavAdI bauddha jJAnako svasaMvedI mAnate rahe haiM, para ve karaNake sthAnameM sArUpya yA yogyatAko rakhate haiN| samantabhadrAdine karaNake sthAnameM svaparAvabhAsaka jJAna pada rakhake aise hI jJAnako pramANa mAnA jo sva aura para ubhayakA avabhAsana karanevAlA ho| akalaMkadevane isa lakSaNameM avisaMvAdi aura anadhigatArthagrAhi ina do nae padoMkA samAveza karake avabhAsakake sthAnameM vyavasAyAtmaka padakA prayoga kiyA hai| avisaMvAdi tathA ajJAtArthaprakAza pada spaSTarUpase dharmakIrtike pramANake lakSaNase Ae haiM tathA vyavasAyAtmaka pada nyAyasUtra se / inakI lakSaNasaMghaTanAke atusAra sva aura parakA vyavasAya-nizcaya karanevAlA, avisaMvAdi-saMzayAdi samAropakA nirasana karanevAlA aura anadhigatArthako jAnanevAlA jJAna pramANa hogaa| pramANasamplava vicAra-yahA~ eka bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki dharmakIrti aura unake TIkAkAra dharmottarane ajJAtArthaprakAza aura anadhigatArthanAhi zabdoMkA prayoga karake pramANasamplavakA niSedha kiyA hai| eka prameyameM aneka pramANoMkI pravRtti ko pramANasamplava kahate haiN| bauddha padArthoMko ekakSaNasthAyI mAnate haiN| unake siddhAntake anusAra padArtha jJAnameM kAraNa hotA hai| ataH jisa vivakSita padArthase koI bhI pratyakSajJAna utpanna huA ki vaha padArtha dUsare kSaNameM niyamase naSTa ho jAtA hai| isalie kisI bhI artha meM do jJAnoMke pravRtta honekA avasara hI nahIM hai| dUsare, bauddhoMne prameyake do bheda kie haiM-1. vizeSa ( svalakSaNa ), 2. sAmAnya ( anyaapohruup)| vizeSa padArthako viSaya karanevAlA pratyakSa hai tathA sAmAnyako jAnanevAle anumAnAdi vikalpajJAna / isa taraha viSayadvaividhyAtmaka vyavasthA honese koI bhI pramANa apanI viSayamaryAdAko nahIM lA~gha sktaa| isalie vijAtIya pramANako to svaniyata viSayase bhinna prameyameM pravRtti hI nahIM ho sktii| raha jAtI hai sajAtIya pramANAntarake samplavakI bAta, so dvitIya kSaNameM jaba vaha padArtha rahatA hI nahIM hai taba samplavakI carcA apane Apa hI samApta ho jAtI hai| yahA~ yaha prazna hotA hai ki-'jaina to padArthako ekAntakSa Nika nahIM mAnate aura na viSayadvaividhyako
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 27 hI / jainakI dRSTise to eka sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka artha sabhI pramANoMkA viSaya hotA hai / taba anadhigatArthagrAhi padakA jainokta pramANalakSaNameM kyA upayoga ho sakatA hai ?' akalaMkadevane isakA uttara diyA hai ki-vastu anantadharmavAlI hai| amuka jJAnake dvArA vastuke amaka aMzoMkA nizcaya honepara bhI agahIta aMzoMko jAnaneke lie pramANAntarako avakAza rahatA hai| isI taraha jina jJAna aMzoMmeM saMvAda ho jAnese nizcaya ho gayA hai, una aMzoMmeM bhale hI pramANAntara kucha vizeSa pariccheda na kareM para jina aMzoMmeM asaMvAda honese anizcaya yA viparItanizcaya hai unakA nizcaya karake to pramANAntara vizeSa paricchedaka honeke kAraNa anadhigatagrAhirUpase pramANa hI haiN| pramANasamplabake viSayameM yaha bAta aura bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki-akalaMkadevane pramANake lakSaNameM anadhigatArthagrAhi padake praveza karane ke kAraNa anizcitAMzake nizcayameM yA nizcitAMzameM upayogavizeSa honepara pramANasamplava mAnA hai, jaba ki naiyAyikane apane pramANalakSaNameM aisA koI pada nahIM rakhA, ataH usakI dRSTise vastu gRhIta ho yA agRhIta, yadi indriyAdi kAraNakalApa mila jAya~ to avazya hI pramANakI pravRtti hogI, isI taraha upayoga vizeSa ho yA na ho, koI bhI jJAna isalie apramANa nahIM hogA ki usane gRhIta ko grahaNa kiyA hai / tAtparya yaha ki naiyAyikako pratyeka avasthAmeM pramANasamplava svIkRta hai / akalaMkadevane bauddha matameM pramANasamplavakI asaMbhavatAke kAraNa 'anumAnakI apravRtti' rUpa dUSaNa dete hue kahA hai ki jaba Apake yahA~ yaha niyama hai ki pratyakSa ke dvArA vastuke samasta guNoMkA darzana ho jAtA hai| taba pratyakSake dvArA sarvAMzatayA gRhIta vastumeM koI bhI anadhigata aMza nahIM bacA, jisake grahaNake lie anumAnako pramANa mAnA jAya / anumAnake viSayabhUta anyApoharUpa sAmAnyameM viparItAropakI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai, ataH samAropavyavacchedArtha bhI anumAna pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| akalaMkottaravartI A0 mANikyanandine anadhigatArthakI jagaha kumArilake apUrvArtha padako sthAna diyaa| para vidyAnanda tathA unake bAda abhayadeva, vAdideva, hemacandra Adi AcAryoMne anadhigata yA apUrvArtha kisI bhI padako apane lakSaNoM meM nahIM rkhaa| jJAna kA sva-parasaMvedana vicAra-jJAnake svarUpasaMve danake viSayameM nimna vAda haiM-1. mImAMsakakA parokSajJAnavAda, 2. naiyAyikakA jJAnAntaravedajJAnavAda, 3. sAMkhyakA prakRtiparyAyAtmaka jJAnakA puruSa dvArA saMcetanavAda, 4. bauddhakA sAkAra-svasaMvedanajJAnavAda, 5. jainakA nirAkAra-svasaMvedanajJAnavAda / akalaMkadevane itara vAdoMkI samAlocanA isa prakAra kI hai parokSajJAnavAdanirAsa-yadi jJAna ko parokSa mAnA jAya arthAta jJAna svayaM apane svarUpako na jAna sake, taba usa parokSajJAnake dvArA jAnA gayA padArtha hamAre pratyakSakA viSaya nahIM ho sakegA; kyoMki AtmAntarake jJAnase hamAre jJAna meM yahI svakIyatva hai ki vaha hamAre svayaM pratyakSakA viSaya hai, use hama svayaM usIke dvArA pratyakSa kara sakate haiM, jaba ki AtmAntarake jJAnako hama svayaM usIke dvArA pratyakSa nahIM krte| yahI kAraNa hai ki AtmAntarake jJAnake dvArA hameM padArthakA pratyakSa nahIM hotA / jaba jJAna svayaM pratyakSa nahIM taba usakI siddhi anumAnase bhI kaise hogI? kyoMki asvasaMvidita arthaprakAzarUpa liMgase ajJAta dharmi-jJAnakA avinAbhAva hI gRhIta nahIM hai| arthaprakAzako svasaMvidita mAnanepara to jJAnakI kalpanA hI nirarthaka ho jAyagI; kyoMki svArthasaMvedI arthaprakAzase sva aura artha ubhayakA pariccheda ho sakatA hai| isI taraha viSaya, indriya, mana Adi bhI parokSa jJAnakA anumAna nahIM karA sakate; kyoM ki eka to inake sAtha jJAnakA avinAbhAva asiddha hai, dUsare inake honepara bhI kabhI-kabhI jJAna nahIM hotA ataH ye vyabhicArI bhI haiN| yadi viSayajanya jJAnAtmaka sukhAdi parokSa haiM; taba unase hameM anugraha yA paritApa nahIM ho skegaa| apane sukhAdiko anumAnagrAhya mAnakara anugrahAdi mAnanA to anya AtmAke sukhase vyabhicArI hai, arthAt parakIya AtmAke sukhAdikA hama usakI
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________________ 28 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha prasAda-viSAdAdi ceSTAoMse anumAna to kara sakate haiM para unase anugrahAdi to hameM nahIM hotA / jJAnako parokSa mAnanepara AtmAntarakI buddhikA anumAna karanA bhI kaThina ho jaaygaa| parakIya AtmAmeM buddhikA anumAna vyApAra vacanAdi ceSTAoMse kiyA jAtA hai| yadi hamArA jJAna hameM hI apratyakSa hai, taba hama jJAnakA vyApArAdike sAtha kAryakAraNarUpa avinAbhAva apanI AtmAmeM to grahaNa hI nahIM kara sakeMge, anya AtmAmeM to abhI taka jJAnakA sadbhAva hI asiddha hai| ataH avinAbhAvakA grahaNa na honese parakIya AtmAmeM buddhikA anumAna nahIM ho skegaa| naiyAyikake jJAnAntaravedyajJAnavAdakA nirAkaraNa-yadi prathamajJAnakA pratyakSa dvitIyajJAnase mAnA jAya aura isI taraha asvasaMvedI tRtIyAdijJAnase dvitIyAdijJAnoMkA pratyakSa; taba anavasthA nAmakA dUSaNa jJAnake sadbhAva siddha karanemeM bAdhaka hogA, kyoMki jaba taka Age-Ageke jJAna apane svarUpakA nizcaya nahIM kareMge taba taka ve pUrvapUrvajJAnoMko nahIM jAna skeNge| aura jaba prathamajJAna hI ajJAta rahegA taba usake dvArA arthakA jJAna asaMbhava ho jaaygaa| isa taraha jagat arthanizcayazUnya ho jAyagA / eka jJAnake jAnanemeM ho jaba isa taraha anekAneka jJAnoMkA pravAha calegA, taba to jJAnako viSayAntarameM pravRtti hI nahIM ho sakegI / yadi apratyakSajJAnase arthabodha mAnA jAya; taba to hama loga IzvarajJAnake dvArA bhI samasta padArthoMko jAnakara sarvajJa bana jAyeMge, kyoMki abhI taka hama loga sarvajJake jJAnake dvArA arthoMko isI kAraNase nahIM jAna sakate the ki vaha hamAre svayaM apratyakSa hai| sAMkhyake prakRtiparyAyAtmakajJAnavAda nirasana-yadi jJAna prakRtikA vikAra honese acetana hai tathA vaha puruSake saMcetana dvArA anubhUta hotA hai; to phira isa akiJcitkara jJAnakA kyA prayojana ? kyoMki usI jJAnasvarUpasaMcetaka puruSAnubhavake dvArA arthakA bhI parijJAna ho jaaygaa| yadi vaha saJcetana svapratyakSa nahIM hai; taba isa akiJcitkara jJAnakI sattA kisase siddha kI jAyagI ? jJAna viSayaka saJcetanA jo ki anitya hai, avikArI kUTasthanitya puruSakA dharma bhI kaise ho sakatI hai ? ataH jJAna pariNAmI puruSakA hI dharma hai aura vaha svArthasaMvedaka hotA hai / isI taraha yadi arthasaJcetanA svArthasaMvedaka hai: taba tadvayatirikta akiJcitkara puruSake mAnane kA bhI kyA prayojana ? yadi vaha asvasaMvedaka hai; taba pUrvajJAna tathA puruSakI siddhi kisase hogI? bauddhoMke sAkArajJAnavAdakA nirAsa-sAkArajJAnavAdI nirAkArajJAnavAdiyoMko ye dUSaNa dete haiM ki-'yadi jJAna nirAkAra hai, usakA kisI artha ke sAtha koI khAsa sambandha nahIM hai; taba pratikarmavyavasthAghaTajJAnakA viSaya ghaTa hI hai paTa nahIM-kaise hogI? tathA viSayapratiniyama na honese saba artha eka jJAnake yA saba jJAnoMke viSaya ho jaayNge| viSayajJAna aura viSayajJAnajJAnameM koI bheda nahIM rhegaa| inameM yahI bheda hai ki viSayajJAnajahA~ kevala viSayake AkAra hotA hai taba viSayajJAnajJAna artha aura arthAkArajJAna donoMke AkArako dhAraNa karatA hai| viSayakI sattA siddha karaneke lie jJAnako sAkAra mAnanA Avazyaka hai|' akalaMkadevane inakA samAdhAna karake jJAnako nirAkAra siddha karate hae likhA hai ki-viSayapratiniyamake lie jJAnakI apanI zakti hI niyAmaka hai| jisa jJAnameM jisa prakArakI jitanI zakti hogI usase utanI aura usI prakArakI arthavyavasthA hogii| isa svazaktiko na mAnakara jJAnako sAkAra mAnanepara bhI yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki 'ghaTajJAna ghaTake hI AkAra kyoM huA paTake AkAra kyoM nahIM huA?' tadutpattise to AkAraniyama nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; kyoMki jisa taraha ghaTajJAna ghaTase utpanna huA hai usI taraha indriya, Aloka Adi padArthose bhI to
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________________ 4 | viziSTa nibandha : 29 utpanna haA hai. ataH unake AkArako bhI use grahaNa karanA cAhie / jJAna viSayake AkArako yadi ekadezase grahaNa karatA hai; taba to jJAna sAMza ho jaaygaa| yadi sarvadezase to jJAna arthakI taraha jar3a ho jaaygaa| samAnakAlIna padArtha kisI taraha AkAra jJAna meM samarpita kara sakate haiM para atIta aura anAgata padArthoM ke jAnanevAle smRti, pratyabhijJAna, anumAnAdi jJAna kaise una avidyamAna padArthoke AkAra ho sakate haiM? hA~, zaktipratiniyama mAnanese atItAdi padArthokA jJAna bhalIbhAMti ho sakatA hai| jJAnakA amuka arthako viSaya karanA hI anya padArthoMse byAvRtta honA hai / ataH jJAnako nirAkara mAnanA hI ThIka hai / amUrta jJAnameM mUrta arthakA pratibimba bhI kaise A sakatA hai ? sautrAntikako jJAnake sAkAra honekA 'jJAnameM arthakA pratibimba par3atA hai|' yaha artha iSTa thA yA nahIM yaha to vicAraNIya hai| para vijJAnavAdI bauddhoMne usakA khaNDana yahI artha mAnakara kiyA hai aura usIkA pratibimba akalaMkakRta khaNDanameM hai| isa taraha akalaMkane svArthavyavasAyAtmaka, anadhigatArthagrAhi, avisaMvAdi jJAnako pramANa kahA hai| isa lakSaNake anadhigatArthagrAhitva vizeSaNa ke sivAya bAkI aMza sabhI jaina tArkikoMne apanAe hai| anadhigatArthagrAhitvakI paramparA mANikyanandi taka hI clii| A0 hemacandrane svanirNayako bhI pramANake vyAvartaka lakSaNameM nahIM rakhA; kyoMki svanirNaya to jJAnasAmAnyakA dharma hai na ki pramANAtmaka vizeSajJAnakA / akalaMkadevane jahA~ ajJAnAtmaka sannikarSAdikI pramANatAkA vyavaccheda pramitikriyAmeM avyavahita karaNa na honeke kAraNa kiyA hai, vahA~ jJAnAtmaka saMzaya aura viparyayakA visaMvAdI honese tathA nirvikalpajJAnakA saMvyavahArAnupayogI hone ke kAraNa nirAsa kiyA hai| isI saMvyavahArAnupayogI padase suSupta caitanyake samAna nirvikalpakadarzana bhI pramANakoTise bahibharta hai isakI sUcanA milatI hai| pramANake bheda-tattvArthasUtrake 'tatpramANe' isa sUtrako lakSyameM rakhakara hI akalaMkane pramANake do mala bheda kie haiM / yadyapi unheM pratyakSa tathA parokSake kaI avAntara bheda mAnanA par3e haiN| isIlie unane 'pramANe iti saMgrahaH' pada dekara usa bhedake AdhArabhata sUtrakI sUcanA dI hai| ve do bheda haiM-eka pratyakSa, dusarA parokSa / tattvArthasUtra meM mati ( indriyAndriyapratyakSa, smRti, saMjJA ( pratyabhijJAna ), cintA ( tarka ), abhinibodha ( anumAna ) ina jJAnoMko matise anarthAntara arthAt matijJAnarUpa batAyA hai| matijJAnakA parokSatva bhI vahIM svIkRta hai / ataH uktajJAna jinameM indriyAnindriyapratyakSa bhI zAmila hai AgamikaparamparAmeM spaSTarUpase parokSa hai| para lokavyavahAra tathA darzanAntaroMmeM indriyAnindriyajJAna pratyakSarUpase hI prasiddha tathA vyavahRta hote hai| yadyapi akalaMkadevake pahile A0 siddhasena divAkarane apane nyAyAvatArameM pratyakSa, anumAna ina tIna pramANoMkA kathana kiyA hai, para pramANoMkI vyAvartaka saMkhyA abhI taka anizcitasI hI rahI hai| aka devane satrakArakI paramparAkI rakSA karate hue likhA hai ki-mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha jJAna zabdayojanAse pahile matijJAna tathA zabdayojanAke anantara zrutajJAna kahe jAya~ / zrutajJAna parokSa kahA jaay| matijJAnameM antarbhUta mati-indriyAnindriyapratyakSako lokavyavahArameM pratyakSarUpase prasiddha honeke kAraNa tathA vaizadyAMzakA sadbhAva honese saMvyavahArapratyakSa kahA jAya / pratyakSa ke indriyapratyakSa, anindriyapratyakSa aura atIndriyapratyakSa ye tIna malabheda hoN| isa vaktavyakA yaha phalitArtha huA ki pratyakSake do bheda-1. sAMvyavahArika, 2. mukhya / sAMvyavahArika pratyakSake do bheda-1. indriyapratyakSa, 2. anindriyapratyakSa / indriyapratyakSa-avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNAdijJAna / anindriyapratyakSa-zabdayojanAse pahilekI avasthAbAle smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodhajJAna / isa taraha akalaMkadevane pramANake bheda kie jo nirvivAda rUpase uttarakAlIna granthakAroM dvArA mAne gae /
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________________ 30 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcAryaM smRti grantha hA~, isameM jo smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodhajJAnako zabdayojanAke pahile anindriyapratyakSa kahA hai| use kisI bhI anya AcAryane svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unheM sarvAMzameM arthAt zabdayojanAke pUrva aura pazcAt donoM avasthAoM meM parokSa hI kahA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya prabhAcandrane laghIyastrayakI 'jJAnamAdyaM' kArikAkA yaha artha kiyA hai ki- 'mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodhajJAna zabdayojanAke pahile tathA zabdayojanA ke bAda donoM avasthAoM meM zruta haiM arthAt parokSa haiM / ' yadyapi jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNane apane vizeSAvazyakabhASyameM pratyakSa ke do bheda karake indriyAnindriyajapratyakSako saMvyavahArapratyakSa kahA hai, para unhoMne smRti Adi jJAnoMke viSayameM kucha khAsa nahIM likhA / indriyapratyakSako saMvyavahAra pratyakSa mAna lenese lokaprasiddhikA nirvAha tathA darzanAntaraprasiddhikA samanvaya bhI ho gayA aura sUtrakArakA abhiprAya bhI surakSita raha gayA / pratyakSa --- siddhasenadivAkarane pratyakSakA -- 'aparokSa rUpase arthako jAnanevAlA jJAna pratyakSa hai' yaha parokSalakSaNAzrita lakSaNa kiyA hai / yadyapi vizada jJAnako pratyakSa mAnanekI paramparA bauddhoM meM spaSTa hai, phira bhI pratyakSake lakSaNa meM akalaMkake dvArA vizada padake sAtha hI sAtha prayukta sAkAra aura aMjasA pada khAsa mahattva rakhate haiM / bauddha nirvikalpajJAnako pratyakSa kahate haiM / yaha nirvikalpakajJAna jainaparamparAmeM prasiddha - indriya aura padArtha ke yogyadezAvasthitirUpa sannikarSa ke bAda utpanna honevAle, tathA sattAtmaka mahAsAmAnyakA Alocana karane - vAle anAkAra darzana ke samAna hai / akalaMkadevakI dRSTimeM jaba nirvikalpakadarzana pramANakoTise hI bahirbhUta hai taba use pratyakSa to kahA hI nahIM jA sakatA / isI bAtakI sUcanA ke lie unhoMne pratyakSa ke lakSaNa meM sAkAra pada rakhA, jo nirAkAradarzana tathA bauddhasammata nirvikalpa pratyakSakA nirAkaraNakara nizcayAtmaka vizada jJAnako hI pratyakSakoTimeM rakhatA hai / bauddha nirvikalpaka pratyakSake bAda honevAle 'nIlamidam' ityAdi pratyakSaja vikalpoMko bhI saMvyavahArase pramANa mAna lete haiM / isakA mUla yaha hai ki - pratyakSa ke viSayabhUta dRzya-svalakSaNameM vikalpa ke viSayabhUta vikalpya sAmAnyakA Aropa rUpa ekatvAdhyavasAya karake pravRtti karanepara svalakSaNa hI prApta hotA hai / ataH vikalpajJAna saMvyavahArase vizada hai / isakA nirAkaraNa karane ke lie akalaMkadevane 'aJjasA' padakA upAdAna karake sUcita kiyA ki vikalpajJAna saMvyavahArase nahIM kintu aMjasA --- paramArtharUpase vizada hai / anumAna Adi jJAnoMse adhika vizeSapratibhAsakA nAma vaizadya hai / jisa taraha anumAna Adi jJAna apanI utpatti meM liMgajJAna Adi jJAnAntarako apekSA karate haiM usa taraha pratyakSa apanI utpatti meM kisI anya jJAnakI AvazyakatA nahIM rakhatA, yahI anumAnAdise pratyakSameM atireka-adhikatA hai / akalaMkadevane itaravAdisammata pratyakSalakSaNoMkA nirAkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai bauddha - jisameM zabdasaMsagaMkI yogyatA nahIM aise nirvikalpajJAnako pratyakSa pramANa mAnate haiM savikalpako nahIM, kyoMki vikalpajJAna arthake abhAva meM bhI utpanna hotA hai / nirvikalpaka pratyakSake dvArA yadyapi artha meM rahanevAle kSaNikatvAdi sabhI dharmoMkA anubhava ho jAtA hai, para vaha nIlAdi aMzoM meM 'nIlamidam' ityAdi vikalpajJAnake dvArA vyavahArasAdhaka hotA hai, tathA kSaNikatvAdi aMzoM meM yathAsaMbhava anumAnAdi vikalpoM dvArA / ataH nirvikalpaka 'nIlamidam' ityAdi vikalpoMkA utpAdaka honese tathA arthasvalakSaNase utpanna hone ke kAraNa pramANa hai / vikalpajJAna aspaSTa hai; kyoMki vaha paramArthasat svalakSaNase utpanna nahIM hotA / sarvaprathama artha nirvikalpa hI utpanna hotA hai / nirvikalpaka meM asAdhAraNa kSaNika paramANuoMkA pratibhAsa hotA hai / usa nirvikalpaka avasthAmeM koI bhI vikalpa anubhavameM nahIM AtA / vikalpajJAna kalpitasAmAnyako viSaya karane ke kAraNa tathA nirvikalpakake dvArA gRhIta arthako grahaNa karaneke kAraNa pratyakSAbhAsa hai /
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 31 akalaMkadeva isakA nirAkaraNa isa taraha karate haiM-arthakriyArthI puruSa pramANakA anveSaNa karate haiN| jaba vyavahAra meM sAkSAt arthakriyAsAdhakatA savikalpajJAnameM hI hai, taba kyoM na use hI pramANa mAnA jAya ? nirvikalpakameM pramANatA lAneko Akhira Apako savikalpajJAna to mAnanA hI par3atA hai| yadi nirvikalpake dvArA gRhIta nIlAdyazako viSaya karanese vikalpajJAna apramANa hai; taba to anumAna bhI pratyakSake dvArA gRhIta kSaNikatvAdiko viSaya karaneke kAraNa pramANa nahIM ho skegaa| nirvikalpase jisa prakAra nIlAdyaMzoMmeM 'nIlamidam' ityAdi vikalpa utpanna hote haiM usI prakAra kSaNikatvAdi aMzoMmeM bhI 'kSaNikamidam' ityAdi vikalpajJAna utpanna honA cAhie / ataH vyavahArasAdhaka savikalpajJAna hI pratyakSa kahA jAne yogya hai| vikalpajJAna hI vizadarUpase hara eka prANIke anubhavameM AtA hai, jabaki nirvikalpajJAna anubhavasiddha nahIM hai| pratyakSase to sthira sthUla artha hI anubhavameM Ate haiM, ataH kSaNika paramANukA pratibhAsa kahanA pratyakSaviruddha hai / nirvikalpakako spaSTa honese tathA savikalpako aspaSTa honese viSayabheda mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki eka hI vRkSa dUravartI puruSako aspaSTa tathA samIpavartIko spaSTa dIkhatA hai| AdyapratyakSakAlameM bhI kalpanAe~ barAbara utpanna tathA vinaSTa to hotI hI rahatI hai, bhale hI ve anupalakSita rheN| nirvikalpase savikalpakakI utpatti mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki yadi azabda nirvikalpakase sazabda vikalpajJAna utpanna ho; to zabdazUnya arthase hI vikalpakI utpatti mAnane meM kyA bAdhA hai ? ataH mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintAdi yAvadvikalpajJAna saMvAdI honese pramANa hai / jahA~ ye visaMvAdI hoM vahIM inheM apramANa kaha sakate haiN| nirvikalpaka pratyakSameM arthakriyAsthitiarthAt arthakriyAsAdhakatva rUpa avisaMvAdakA lakSaNa bhI nahIM pAyA jAtA, ataH use pramANa kaise kaha sakate hai ? zabdasaMsRSTa jJAnako vikalpa mAnakara apramANa kahanese zAstropadezase kSaNikatvAdikI siddhi nahIM ho skegii| mAnasapratyakSa nirAsa-bauddha indriyajJAnake anantara utpanna honevAle vizada jJAnako, jo ki usI indriyajJAnake dvArA grAhya artha ke anantarabhAvI dvitIyakSaNako jAnatA hai, mAnasa pratyakSa kahate haiN| akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki-eka hI nizcayAtmaka arthasAkSAtkArI jJAna anubhavameM AtA hai| Apake dvArA batAe gae mAnasa pratyakSa kA to pratibhAsa hI nahIM hotaa| 'nIlamidam' yaha vikalpajJAna bhI mAnasa pratyakSakA asAdhaka haikyoMki aisA vikalpajJAna to indriyapratyakSase hI utpanna ho sakatA hai, isake lie mAnasapratyakSa mAnanekI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / bar3I aura garama jalebI khAte samaya jitanI indriyabuddhiyA~ utpanna hotI haiM utane hI tadanantarabhAvI arthako viSaya karanevAle mAnasa pratyakSa mAnanA hoMge; kyoMki bAdameM utane hI prakArake vikalpajJAna utpanna hote hai / isa taraha aneka mAnasapratyakSa mAnanepara santAnabheda ho jAneke kAraNa 'jo maiM khAne vAlA hU~ vahI maiM sUMgha rahA hU~ yaha pratyabhijJAna nahIM ho sakegA / yadi samasta rUpAdiko viSaya karanevAlA eka hI mAnasapratyakSa mAnA jAya; taba to usIse rUpAdikA parijJAna bhI ho hI jAyagA, phira indriyabuddhiyA~ kisalie svIkAra kI jAya~ ? dharmottarane mAnasapratyakSa ko Agamaprasiddha kahA hai| akalaMkane usakI bhI samAlocanA kI hai ki jaba vaha mAtra Agamapragiddha hI hai : taba usake lakSaNakA parIkSaNa hI nirarthaka hai| svasaMvedanapratyakSa khaMDana-yadi svasaMvedana pratyakSa nirvikalpaka hai taba to svApa tathA mAdi avasthAoMmeM aise nirvikalpaka pratyakSako mAnane meM bayA bAdhA hai ? suSuptAdyavasthAoMmeM anubhavasiddha jJAnakA niSedha to kiyA hI nahIM jA sakatA / yadi ukta avasthAoMmeM jJAnakA abhAva ho to usa samaya yogiyoMko catuHsatyaviSayaka bhAvanAoMkA bhI viccheda mAnanA pddegaa| bauddhasammata vikalpake lakSaNakA nirAsa-bauddha 'abhilApavatI pratItiH kalpanA' arthAta jo jJAna zabdasaMsargake yogya ho usa jJAnako kalpanA yA vikalpajJAna kahate haiN| akalaMkadevane unake isa lakSaNakA khaMDana
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________________ 32 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha karate hue likhA hai ki yadi zabdake dvArA kahe jAne lAyaka jJAnakA nAma kalpanA hai tathA binA zabdasaMzrayake koI bhI vikalpajJAna utpanna hI nahIM ho sakatA; taba zabda tathA zabdAMzoMke smaraNAtmaka vikalpake lie tadvA 'zabdoMkA prayoga mAnanA hogA, una anya zabdoMke smaraNake lie bhI tadvAcaka anyazabda svIkAra karanA hoMge, isa taraha dUsare-dUsare zabdoMkI kalpanA karanese anavasthA nAmakA dUSaNa hogaa| ataH jaba vikalpajJAna hI siddha nahIM ho pAtA; taba vikalpajJAnarUpa sAdhakake abhAvameM nirvikalpaka bhI asiddha hI raha jAyagA aura nirvikalpaka tathA savikalpaka rUpa pramANadvayake abhAvameM sakala prameyakA bhI sAdhaka pramANa na honese abhAva hI prApta hogaa| yadi zabda tathA zabdAMzoMkA smaraNAtmaka vikalpa tadvAcaka zabdaprayogake binA hI ho jAya; taba to vikalpakA abhilApavattva lakSaNa avyApta ho jAyagA / aura jisa taraha zabda tathA zabdAMzoMkA smaraNAtmaka vikalpa tadvAcaka anya zabdake prayogake binA hI ho jAtA hai| usI taraha 'nIlamidam' ityAdi vikalpa bhI zabdaprayogakI yogyatAke binA hI ho jAyeMge, tathA cakSurAdibuddhiyA~ zabdaprayogake binA hI nIlapItAdi padArthoMkA nizcaya karaneke kAraNa svataH vyavasAyAtmaka siddha ho jAyeMgI / ataH vikalpakA abhilApavattva lakSaNa dUSita hai / vikalpakA nirdoSa lakSaNa hai-samAropavirodhIgrahaNa yA nizcayAtmakatva / sAMkhya-zrotrAdi indriyoMkI vattiyoMko pratyakSapramANa mAnate haiM / akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki-zrotrAdi indriyoMkI vRttiyA~ to taimirika rogIko honevAle dvicandrajJAna tathA anya saMzayAdi jJAnoMmeM bhI prayojaka hotI hai, para ve sabhI jJAna pramANa to nahIM hai| naiyAyika indriya aura artha ke sannikarSako pratyakSa pramANa kahate haiN| ise bhI akalaMkadevane sarvajJake jJAnameM avyApta batAte hue likhA hai ki-trikAla-trilokavartI yAvat padArthoMko viSaya karanevAlA sarvajJakA jJAna pratiniyatazaktivAlI indriyoMse to utpanna nahIM ho sakatA, para pratyakSa to avazya hai / ataH sannikarSa avyApta hai| ___ sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa-cAra prakArakA hai-1. avagraha, 2. IhA, 3. avAya, 4. dhAraNA / pratyakSajJAnakI utpattikA sAdhAraNa krama yaha hai ki sarvaprathama indriya aura padArthakA yogyadezasthitirUpa sambandha (sannikarSa ), tataH sAmAnyAvalokana (nirvikalpaka), tataH avagraha ( savikalpaka jJAna ), tataH IhA (vizeSa jijJAsA), tataH avAya ( vizeSa nizcaya), antameM dhAraNA (saMskAra ) / sAmAnyAvalokanase dhAraNAparyanta jJAna cAhe eka hI matyupayogarUpa mAne jAye yA pRthak-pRthak upayogarUpa, donoM avasthAoMmeM anusyUta AtmAkI sattA to mAnanA hI hogI, anyathA 'jo maiM dekhanevAlA hU~, vahI maiM avagraha tathA IhAdi jJAnavAlA hU~, vahI maiM dhAraNa karatA hU~' yaha anubhavasiddha pratyabhijJAna nahIM ho skegaa| isI dRSTise akalaMkadevane darzanakI avagraharUpa pariNati, avagrahakI IhArUpa, IhAkI avAyarUpa tathA avAyakI dhAraNArUpa pariNati svIkAra kI hai| anvita AtmadaSTise abheda honepara bhI ina jJAnoMmeM paryAyakI dRSTise to bheda hai hii| IhA aura dhAraNAkI jJAnAtmakatA-vaizeSika IhAko prayatna nAmakA pRthak guNa tathA dhAraNAko bhAvanAsaMskAra nAmaka pRthak guNa mAnate haiN| akalaMkadevane inheM eka caitanyAtmaka upayogakI avasthA honeke kAraNa jJAnAtmaka hI kahA hai, jJAnase pRthak svataMtra guNarUpa nahIM mAnA hai| avagrahAdikA paraspara pramANa-phalabhAva-jJAnake sAdhakatama aMzako pramANa tathA pramityaMzako phala kahate haiM / prakRta jJAnoMmeM avagraha, IhAke prati sAdhakatama honese pramANa hai, IhA pramANarUpa honese usakA phala hai|
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 33 isI taraha IhAkI pramANatAmeM avAya phala hai tathA avAyako pramANa mAnanepara dhAraNA phalarUpa hotI hai / tAtparya yaha ki--pUrvapUrvajJAna sAdhakatama honese pramANa haiM tathA uttarottarajJAna pramitirUpa honese phalarUpa hai| pramANaphalabhAvakA aisA hI krama vaizeSikAdi anya darzanoMmeM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| makhya pratyakSa-indriya aura manakI apekSAke binA honevAle, atIndriya, vyavasAyAtmaka, vizada, satya, avyavahita, alaukika, azeSa padArthoMko viSaya karanevAle, akrama jJAnako mukhya pratyakSa kahate haiN| vaha sakala aura vikalake bhedase do prakArakA hai| sakalapratyakSa kevalajJAna hai| avadhijJAna aura manaHparyayajJAna amaka padArthoko viSaya karane ke kAraNa vikalapratyakSa hai| sarvajJatva vicAra-prAcInakAlameM bhAratavarSako paramparAke anusAra sarvajJatAkA sambandha bhI mokSake hI sAtha thA / mamakSaoM meM vicAraNIya viSaya to yaha thA ki-mokSa ke mArgakA kisane sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai ? isI mokSamArgako dharma zabdase kahate haiN| ataH 'dharmakA sAkSAtkAra ho sakatA hai yA nahIM ?' isa viSayameM vivAda thA / eka pakSakA, jisake anugAmI zabara, kumArila Adi mImAMsaka haiM, kahanA thA ki-dharma jaisI atIndriya vastuko hama loga pratyakSa se nahIM jAna sakate, usameM to vedakA hI nidhi adhikAra hai| dharmakI paribhASA bhI 'codanAlakSaNo'rthaH dharma:' karake dharmameM codanA-vedako hI pramANa kahA hai| aisI dharmajJatAmeM vedako hI antima pramANa mAnaneke kAraNa unheM puruSameM atIndriyArthaviSayaka jJAnakA abhAva mAnanA pdd'aa| unhoMne puruSoMmeM rAga-dveSa-ajJAna Adi doSoMkI zaMkA honese atIndriyArthapratipAdaka vedako puruSakRta na mAnakara use apauruSeya svIkAra kiyaa| isa apauruSeyatvako mAnyatAse hI puruSameM sarvajJatAkA arthAt pratyakSake dvArA honevAlI dharmajJatAkA niSedha huaa| kumArila isa viSayameM spaSTa likhate haiM ki-sarvajJatvake niSedhase hamArA tAtparya kevala dharmajJatvake niSedhase hai| dharmake sivAya yadi koI puruSa saMsArake samasta arthoM ko jAnanA cAhatA hai, khuzose jAne, hameM koI Apatti nahIM hai| para dharmakA jJAna vedake dvArA hI hogA, pratyakSAdi pramANoMse nahIM / isa taraha dharmako vedake dvArA tathA dharmAtirikta anya padArthoMko yathAsaMbhava anumAnAdi pramANoMke dvArA jAnakara koI puruSa yadi ToTala meM sarvajJa banatA hai, taba bhI hameM koI Apatti nahIM hai| dUsarA pakSa bauddhoMkA hai / ye buddhako dharma-caturAryasatyakA sAkSAtkAra mAnate haiN| inakA kahanA hai ki buddhane apane nirAsrava zuddhajJAnake dvArA duHkha, samudaya-duHkhake kAraNa, nirodha-mokSa, mArga-mokSopAya isa caturAryasatyarUpa dharmakA pratyakSase hI spaSTa sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai| ataH dharmake viSayameM buddha hI pramANa haiN| ve karuNA karake kaSAyajvAlAse jhulase hue saMsArI jIvoMke uddhArakI bhAvanAse upadeza dete haiN| isa matake samarthaka dharmakIrtine likhA hai ki hama 'saMsArake samasta padArthoMkA koI puruSa sAkSAtkAra karatA hai ki nahIM' isa nirarthaka bAtake jhagar3e meM nahIM par3anA cAhate / hama to yaha jAnanA cAhate haiM ki-usane iSTatattva-dharmako jAnA hai ki nahIM? mokSamArgameM anupayogI saMsArake kIr3e-makor3oM AdikI saMkhyAke parijJAnakA bhalA mokSamArgase kyA sambandha hai? dharmakIrti sarvajJatAkA siddhAntataH virodha nahIM karake use nirarthaka avazya batalAte haiM / ve sarvajJatAke samarthakoMse kahate haiM ki-bhAI, mImAMsakoMke sAmane sarvajJatA-trikAla-trilokavartI samastapadArthoM kA pratyakSase jJAna-para jora kyoM dete ho? asalI vivAda to dharmajJatAmeM hai ki dharmake viSayameM dharmake sAkSAtkartAko pramANa mAnA jAya yA vedako? usa dharmamArgake sAkSAtkArake lie dharmakIrtine AtmA-jJAnapravAhase doSoMkA atyantoccheda mAnA aura usake sAdhana nairAtmyabhAvanA Adi batAe haiN| tAtparya yaha ki-jahA~ kumArilane pratyakSase dharmajJatAkA niSedha karake dharmake viSayameM vedakA hI avyAhata adhikAra siddha kiyA hai| vahA~ dharmakIrtine pratyakSase ho dharma-mokSa mArgakA sAkSAtkAra mAnakara pratyakSake dvArA honevAlI dharmajJatAkA joroMse samarthana kiyA hai|
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________________ 34 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha dharmakIrti TIkAkAra prajJAkaraguptane sugatako dharmajJa ke sAtha hI sAtha sarvajJatrikAlavartI yAvat padArthoMkA jJAtA bhI siddha kiyA hai| aura likhA hai ki sugatakI taraha anya yogI bhI sarvajJa ho sakate haiM yadi ve apanI sAdhaka avasthAmeM rAgAdivinirmuktikI taraha sarvajJatA ke lie bhI yatna kreN| jinane vItarAgatA prApta kara lI hai ve cAheM to thor3ese prayatnase to sarvajJa bana sakate haiM / zAntarakSita bhI isI taraha dharmajJatA sAdhanake sAtha hI sAtha sarvajJatA siddha karate haiM aura isa sarvajJatAko ve zaktirUpase sabhI vItarAgoM meM mAnate haiM / pratyeka vItarAga jaba cAheM taba jisa kisI bhI vastuko anAyAsa hI jAna sakate haiM / yoga tathA vaizeSika ke siddhAntameM yaha sarvajJatA aNimA Adi RddhiyoMkI taraha eka vibhUti hai jo sabhI vItarAgoMke lie avazya prAptavya nahIM hai / hA~, jo isakI sAdhanA karegA use yaha prApta ho sakatI hai / jaina tArkikoMne prArambhase hI trikAla - trilokavartI yAvajjJeyoM ke pratyakSadarzana rUpa artha meM sarvajJatA mAnI hai aura usakA samarthana bhI kiyA hai / yadyapi tarkayugake pahile 'je egaM jANai se madhvaM jANai' - jo eka AtmAko jAnatA hai vaha sarva padArthoMko jAnatA hai ityAdi vAkya jo sarvajJatA ke mukhya nAdhaka nahIM haiM, pAe jAte haiM; para tarkayugameM inakA jaisA cAhie vaisA upayoga nahIM huA / samantabhadra Adi AcAryoMne sUkSma, antarita tathA dUravartI padArthoMkA pratyakSatva anumeyatva hetuse siddha kiyA hai| jJAna AtmAkA svabhAva hai, jaba doSa aura AvaraNakA samUla kSaya ho jAyagA taba jJAna anAyAsa hI apane pUrNa rUpa meM prakaTa hokara sampUrNa arthakA sAkSAtkAra kregaa| bauddhoMkI taraha kisI bhI jainatarkagrantha meM dharmajJatA aura sarvajJatAkA vibhAjanakara unameM gauNa - mukhyabhAva nahIM batAyA gayA hai / sabhI jainatArkikoMne ekasvarase triloka trikAlavartI samasta padArthoMke pUrNaparijJAna artha meM sarvajJatAkA samarthana kiyA hai / dharmajJatA to ukta pUrNa sarvajJatAke garbha meM hI nihita mAna lI gaI hai / akalaMkadevane sarvajJatA tathA mukhyapratyakSa ke samarthanake sAtha hI sAtha dharmakIrti ke una vicAroMkA khUba samAlocana kiyA hai jinameM buddhako karuNAvAn, zAstA, tAyi, tathA cAturAryasatyakA upadeSTA batAyA hai / sAtha hI sarvajJAbhAva ke viziSTa samarthaka kumArilakI yuktiyoMkA khaNDana kiyA hai / ve likhate haiM ki -AtmAmeM sarvapadArthoM ke jAnanekI pUrNa sAmarthya hai / saMsArI avasthAmeM mala-jJAnAvaraNase AvRta hone ke kAraNa usakA pUrNa prakAza nahIM ho pAtA para jaba caitanya ke pratibandhaka karmakA pUrNa kSaya ho jAtA hai, taba usa aprApyakArI jJAnako samasta arthoko jAnanemeM kyA bAdhA hai ? yadi atIndriyapadArthoMkA jJAna na ho sake to jyotigrahoM kI grahaNa Adi bhaviSyaddazAoMkA jo anAgata hone se atIndriya haiM, upadeza kaise hogA ? jyotirjJAnopadeza yathArtha dekhA jAtA hai, ataH yaha mAnanA hI cAhie ki usakA yathArtha upadeza sAkSAddraSTA mAne binA nahIM ho sakatA / jaise satyasvapnadarzana indriyAdikI sahAyatA ke binA hI bhAvirAjyalAbhAdikA yathArtha spaSTa jJAna karAtA hai tathA vizada hai usI taraha sarvajJakA jJAna bhI bhAvipadArthoM meM saMvAdaka tathA spaSTa hai / jaise prazna yA IkSaNikAdividyA atIndriya padArthoM kA spaSTa bhAna karA detI hai usI taraha atIndriyajJAna spaSTa bhAsaka hotA hai / taraha sAdhaka pramANoMko batAkara unhoMne jo eka khAsa hetukA prayoga kiyA hai, vaha hai- 'sunizcitAsambhavabAdhakapramANatva' arthAt kisI bhI vastukI sattA siddha karaneke lie sabase bar3A pramANa yahI ho sakatA hai ki usakI sattA meM koI sAdhaka pramANa nahIM mileN| jaise 'maiM sukhI hU~' yahA~ sukhakA sAdhaka pramANa yahI hai kimere sukhI hone meM koI bAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai / cU~ki sarvajJakI sattA meM koI bhI bAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai, ataH usakI nirbAdha sattA honI cAhie / isa hetuke samarthanArtha unhoMne virodhiyoMke dvArA kalpita bAdhakoMkA nirAkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai pra0 - ' arhanta sarvajJa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha vaktA hai, puruSa hai, jaise koI bhI galI meM ghUmanevAlA sAdhAraNa manuSya' yaha anumAna bAdhaka hai /
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 35 u0- vaktRtva aura sarvajJattrakA koI virodha nahIM hai, vaktA bhI ho sakatA hai aura sarvajJa bhI / jJAnakI bar3hatI vacanoMkA hrAsa nahIM hotA / pra0--- vaktRtva vivakSAse sambandha rakhatA hai, ataH icchArahita nirmohI sarvajJameM vacanoMkI saMbhAvanA hI kaise hai ? zabdoccAraNakI icchA to mohakI paryAya hai / u0- vivakSA ke sAtha vaktRtvakA koI avinAbhAva nahIM hai / mandabuddhi zAstravivakSA rakhate haiM, para zAstrakA vyAkhyAna nahIM kara sakate / suSuptAdi avasthAoM meM vacana dekhe jAte haiM para vivakSA nahIM hai / ataH vacanapravRtti meM caitanya tathA indriyoMkI paTutA kAraNa / lekina unakA sarvajJatA ke sAtha koI virodha nahIM hai / athavA, vacana vivakSA hetuka mAna bhI lie jAya~ para satya aura hitakAraka vacanakI pravRtti karAnevAlI vivakSA doSavAlI kaise ho sakatI haiM ? isI taraha nirdoSa vItarAga puruSatva sarvajJatA ke sAtha koI virodha nahIM rakhatA / ataH ina vyabhicArI hetuoMse sAdhyasiddhi nahIM ho sakatI; anyathA 'jaiminiko yathArtha vedajJAna nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha vaktA hai evaM puruSa hai' isa anumAnase jaiminikI vedArthajJatAkA bhI niSedha bhalIbhA~ti kiyA jA sakatA hai / pra0 --- Ajakala hameM kisI bhI pramANase sarvajJa upalabdha nahIM hotA, ataH anupalambha honese usakA abhAva hI mAnanA cAhie / u0- pUrvokta anumAnoMse sarvajJakI siddhi hotI hai, ataH anupalambha to nahIM kahA jA sakatA / yaha anupalambha Apako hai, yA saMsArake samasta jIvoMko ? Apako to isa samaya hamAre cittameM AnevAle vicAroMkI bhI anupalabdhi hai para isa se unakA abhAva to siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ataH svopalambha anaikAntika hai / 'sabako sarvajJakA anupalambha hai' yaha bAta to sabake jJAnoMkA jJAna honepara hI siddha ho sakatI hai / aura yadi kisI puruSako samasta prANiyoMke jJAnakA jJAna ho sake; taba to vahI puruSa sarvajJa ho jAyagA / yadi samastajIvoM ke jJAnakA jJAna nahIM ho sake; taba to 'sabako sarvajJakA anupalambha hai' yaha bAta asiddha hI raha jAyagI / pra0 - 'sarvajJatA AgamoktapadArthoMkA yathArthaMjJAna evaM abhyAsase hogI tathA Agama sarvajJake dvArA kahA jAyagA' isa taraha sarvajJa aura Agama donoM hI anyonyAzrita - eka-dUsareke Azrita honese asiddha haiM / u0--- sarvajJa AgamakA kAraka hai / prakRta sarvajJakA jJAna pUrvasarvajJake dvArA pratipAdita Agamake arthake AcaraNa se utpanna hotA hai, pUrva Agama tatpUrvasarvajJake dvArA kahA gayA hai| isa taraha bIjAMkurakI taraha sarvajJa aura AgamakI paramparA anAdi mAnI jAtI hai / anAdiparamparAmeM itaretarAzraya doSakA vicAra avyavahArya hai / pra0----jaba Ajakala puruSa prAyaH rAgAdi doSase dUSita tathA ajJAnI dekhe jAte haiM, taba atItakAla meM bhI kisI atIndriyArtha draSTA kI saMbhAvanA nahIM kI jA sakatI aura na bhaviSyatkAlameM hI ? kyoMki puruSajAtikI zaktiyA~ tInoM kAloMmeM prAya: samAna hI rahatI haiM; ve apanI amuka maryAdA nahIM lA~gha sakatIM / u0-- yadi puruSAtizayako hama nahIM jAna sakate to isase usakA abhAva nahIM hotA / anyathA Ajakala koI vedakA pUrNajJa nahIM dekhA jAtA ataH atItakAlameM jaiminiko bhI usakA yathArtha jJAna nahIM thA yaha kahanA cAhiye / buddhimeM tAratamya honese usake prakarSakI saMbhAvanA to hai hI / jaise malina suvarNa agnike tApase kramazaH pUrNa nirmala ho jAtA hai, usI taraha samyagdarzanAdike abhyAsase AtmA bhI pUrNarUpase nirmala ho sakatA hai /
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________________ 36 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha pra0--jaba sarvajJa rAgI AtmAke rAga tathA duHkhIke dRHkhakA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai taba to vaha svayaM rAgI tathA duHkhI ho jAyagA / u0-duHkha yA rAga ko jAnanemAtrase koI duHkhI yA rAgI nahIM hotaa| rAga to AtmAkA svayaM tadrUpase pariNamana karanepara hotA hai| kyA koI zrotriyabrAhmaNa madirAke rasakA jJAna karanemAtrase madyapAyI kahA jA sakatA hai ? rAgake kAraNa mohanIya Adi karma sarvajJase atyanta ucchinna ho gae haiM, ataH ve rAga yA duHkhako jAnanemAtrase rAgI yA duHkhI nahIM ho sakate / - pra.---jaba sarvajJake sAdhaka aura bAdhaka donoM prakArake pramANa nahIM milate, to usakI sattA saMdigdha ho kahanA caahie| u0-sAdhaka pramANa pahile batA Ae haiM tathA bAdhakoMkA parihAra bhI kiyA jA cukA hai taba saMdeha kyoM ho? sarvajJake abhAvakA sAdhana to sarvajJa hue binA kiyA hI nahIM jA sakatA / jaba hama trikAla-trilokavartI yAvatpuruSoMkA asarvajJarUpameM darzana kara sakeMge tabhI asarvajJatA siddha kI jA sakatI hai| para aisI asarvajJatA siddha karanevAlA vyakti svayaM anAyAsa hI sarvajJa bana jaaygaa| dharmakIttine buddhako karuNAvAna tathA heyopAdeya tattvakA upadeSTA kahA hai| akalaMka kahate hai kijaba Apa samastadharmoMke AdhArabhUta AtmAko hI nahIM mAnate taba kisapara karuNA kI jAyagI tathA kauna karuNA karegA? kauna usakA anuSThAna karegA? jJAnakSaNa to paraspara bhinna hai, ataH bhAvanA kisI anyajJAnakSaNako hogI to mukti kisI dUsare jnyaankssnnko| duHkha, samudaya, nirodha aura mArga ye cAra Aryasatya to taba ThIka ho sakate haiM jaba duHkhAdike anubhava karanevAle AtmAko svIkAra kiyA jAya / isa taraha jIva jise saMsAra hotA hai tathA jo makta hotA hai, ajIva jisake sambandhase duHkha hotA hai, ina do AdhArabhUta tattvoMko mAne binA tattvasaMkhyAkI pUrNatA nahIM ho sakatI / duHkhako jaina loga bandha tathA samudayako Asrava zabdase kahate haiM / nirodhako mokSa tathA mArgako saMvara aura nirjarA zabdase kahate haiN| ataH cAra Aryasatyake sAtha jova aura ajIva ina do mala tattvoMko mAnanA hI cAhiya / jIva aura ajIva ina do mUla tattvoMke anAdikAlIna sambandhase hI duHkha AdikI sRSTi hotI hai / buddhane hiMsAkA bhI upadeza diyA hai ataH mAlUma hotA hai ki ve yathArthadarzI nahIM the| ityaadi| sad AtmAko heya kahanA, nirodhako jo asadrUpa hai upAdeya kahanA, usake kAraNoMkA upadeza denA tathA asatkI prAptike lie yatna karanA ye saba bAteM unakI asarvajJatAkA digdarzana karAneke lie paryApta hai / akalakake dvArA buddhake prati kie gae akaruNAvattva Adi AkSepoMke lie usa samayakI sAmpradAyika paristhiti hI javAbadeha hai, kyoMki kumArila aura dharmakIrti Adine jainoMke Upara bhI aise hI kalpita AkSepa kie haiN| parokSa-akalaGkadevane tattvArthasUtrakArake dvArA nirdiSTa parokSajJAnoMmeM matijJAna mati smRtyAdi jJAnoMko nAmayojanAke pahile sAMvyavahArikapratyakSa kahakara nAma yojanA honepara unhIM jJAnoMko zrutavyapadeza diyA hai aura zrutako aspaSTa honese parokSa kahA hai| arthAt parokSajJAnake smRti, saMjJA, cintA, abhinibodha tathA zruta-Agama ye pA~ca bheda hue / akalaMkadevane rAjavAtikameM anumAna Adi jJAnoMko svaprattipattikAlameM (nAmayojanAse pahile.) anakSarazruta tathA parapratipattikAlameM akSarazruta kahA hai / laghIyastrayameM mati (indriyAnindriyajapratyakSa) ko nAmayojanAke pahile matijJAna evaM sAMvyavahArikapratyakSa tathA zabdayojanAke bAda use hI zruta kahanA unake samanvaya karaneke utkaTa yatnakI ora dhyAna khIMcatA hai, aura isase yaha bhI mAlama hotA hai ki laghIyastraya banAte samaya ve apanI yojanAko dRr3ha nahIM kara sake the; kyoMki unane laghIyastrayameM mati, smati Adiko
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 37 avasthAvizeSameM matijJAna likhanepara bhI nyAyavinizcayameM smaraNAdi jJAnoMke aikAntika zrutatva-parokSa tvakAvidhAna kiyA hai| smRti-smaraNako koI vAdI gRhItagrAhI honese tathA koI arthase utpanna na honeke kAraNa apramANa kahate Ae hai / para akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki-yadyapi smaraNa gRhItagrAhI hai phira bhI avisaMvAdI honese pramANa hI honA cAhiye / vaha avisaMvAdI pratyabhijJAnakA janaka bhI hai| smRti samAropakA vyavaccheda karanevAlI hai, ataH use pramANa mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM honA caahie| pratyabhijJAna-darzana aura smaraNase utpanna honevAle, ekatva sAdRzya vaisadRzya pratiyogi tathA dUratvAdirUpase saMkalana karanevAle jJAnakA nAma pratyabhijJAna hai| pratyabhijJAna yadyapi smaraNa aura pratyakSase utpanna hotA hai phira bhI ina donoMke dvArA agahIta pUrvottaraparyAyavartI ekatvako viSaya karaneke kAraNa pramANa hai| avisaMvAditva bhI pratyabhijJAnameM pAyA jAtA hai jo pramANatAkA khAsa prayojaka hai| take-pratyakSa-sAdhyasAdhanasadbhAvajJAna aura anupalambha-sAdhyAbhAva-sAdhanAbhAvajJAnase utpanna honevAlA sarvopasaMhArarUpase sAdhyasAdhanake sambandhako grahaNa karanevAlA jJAna tarka hai / saMkSepameM avinAbhAvarUpa vyAptiko grahaNa karanevAlA jJAna tarka kahalAtA hai / jitanA bhI dhUma hai vaha kAlatraya tathA trilokameM agnise hI utpanna hotA hai, agnike abhAvameM kahIM bhI kabhI bhI nahIM ho sakatA aisA sarvopasaMhArI avinAbhAva pratyakSAdi kisI bhI pramANase gRhIta nahIM hotaa| ataH agRhItagrAhI tathA avisaMvAdaka tarkako pramANabhUta mAnanA hI cAhiye / sannihitapadArthako viSaya karanevAlA avicAraka pratyakSa itane vistRta kSetravAle avinAbhAvako nahIM jAna sktaa| bhale hI vaha eka amukasthAnameM sAdhyasAdhanake sambandhako jAna sake, para avicAraka honese usakI sAdhyasAdhanasambandhaviSayaka vicArameM sAmarthya hI nahIM hai| anumAna to vyAptigrahaNake bAda hI utpanna hotA hai, ataH prakRta anumAna svayaM apanI vyAptike grahaNa karanekA prayatna anyonyAzrayadoSa Aneke kAraNa nahIM kara sakatA; kyoMki jaba taka vyApti gRhIta na ho jAya taba taka anumAnotpatti nahIM ho sakatI aura jaba taka anumAna utpanna na ho jAya taba taka vyAptikA grahaNa asaMbhava hai / prakRta anumAnakI vyApti kisI dUsare anumAnake dvArA grahaNa karanepara to anavasthA dUSaNa spaSTa hI hai| isa taraha tarkako svatantra pramANa mAnanA hI ucita hai| jinameM avinAbhAva nahIM hai unameM avinAbhAvakI siddhi karanevAlA jJAna kutarka hai| jaise vivakSAse vacanakA avinAbhAva batalAnA; kyoMki vivakSAke abhAvameM bhI suSuptAdi avasthAmeM vacanaprayoga dekhA jAtA hai| zAstravivakSA rahanepara bhI mandabuddhiyoMke zAstravyAkhyAnarUpa vacana nahIM dekhe jAte / anumAna-avinAbhAvI sAdhanase sAdhyake jJAnako anumAna kahate haiN| naiyAyika anumitike karaNako anumAna kahate haiM / unake matase parAmarzajJAna anumAnarUpa hotA hai| 'dhUma agnise vyApta hai tathA vaha dhama parvatameM hai' isa ekajJAnako parAmarzajJAna kahate haiM / bauddha trirUpaliMgase anumeyake jJAnako anumAna mAnate haiN| sAdhanakA svarUpa tathA avinAbhAvagrahaNaprakAra-sAdhya ke sAtha jisakI anyathAnupapatti-avinAbhAva nizcita ho use sAdhana kahate haiN| avinAbhAva ( binA-sAdhyake abhAva meM a-nahIM bhAva-honA) sAdhyake abhAvameM sAdhanake na honeko kahate haiM / yaha avinAbhAva pratyakSa aura anupalambhase utpanna honevAle tarka nAmake pramANake dvArA gahIta hotA hai| bauddha pakSadharmatvAdi trirUpavAle sAdhanako satsAdhana kahate haiN| ve sAmAnyase avinAbhAvako hI sAdhanakA svarUpa mAnate haiN| trirUpa to avinAbhAvake paricAyakamAtra haiN| ve tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti ina do sambandhoMse avinAbhAvakA grahaNa mAnate haiN| unake matase hetuke tIna bheda hai
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________________ 38 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha 1. svabhAvahetu, 2. kArya hetu, 3. anupalabdhihetu / svabhAva aura kAryahetu vidhisAdhaka haiM tathA anupalabdhihetu niSedhasAdhaka / svabhAvahetumeM tAdAtmyasambandha, kAryahetumeM tadutpattisambandha tathA anupalabdhihetumeM yathAsaMbhava donoM sambandha avinAbhAvake prayojaka hote haiN| akalaMkadeva isakA nirAsa karate haiM ki-jahA~ tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti sambandhase hetumeM gamakatva dekhA jAtA hai vahA~ avinAbhAva to rahatA hI hai, bhale hI vaha avinAbhAva tAdAtmya tathA tadutpattiprayukta ho, para bahutase aise bhI hetu haiM jinakA sAdhyake sAtha tAdAtmya yA tadutpatti sambandha nahIM hai phira bhI avinAbhAvake kAraNa ve niyata sAdhyakA jJAna karAte haiM / jaise kRtikodayase bhaviSyat zakaTodayakA anumAna / yahA~ kRtikodayakA zakaTodayake sAtha na tAdAtmya sambandha hai aura na tadutpatti hii| hetuoMke tIna bheda mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki svabhAva, kArya aura anupalabdhike sivAya kAraNa, pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara hetu bhI svaniyatasAdhyakA anumAna karAte haiN| kAraNahetu-vRkSase chAyAkA jJAna, candramAse jalameM par3anevAle usIke pratibimbakA abAdhita anumAna hotA hai| yahA~ vRkSa yA candra na to chAyA yA jalapratibimbita candrake kArya haiM aura na svabhAva hii| hA~, nimittakAraNa avazya haiM / ataH kAraNaliMgase bhI kAryakA anumAna mAnanA caahiye| jisa kAraNakI sAmarthya apratibaddha ho tathA jisameM anya kAraNoMkI vikalatA na ho vaha kAraNa avazya hI kAryopAdaka hotA hai / pUrvavarahetu-kRtikA nakSatra kA udaya dekhakara eka muhUrtake bAda rohiNI nakSatrake udayakA anumAna dekhA jAtA hai| aba vicAra kIjiye ki-kRtikAkA udaya jisase rohiNIke udayakA avisaMvAdI anumAna hotA hai, kisa hetumeM zAmila kiyA jAya ? kRtikodaya tathA rohiNyudayameM kAlabheda honese tAdAtmya sambandha nahIM ho sakatA, ataH svabhAvahetumeM antarbhAva nahIM hogaa| tathA eka dUsareke prati kAryakAraNabhAva nahIM hai ataH kArya yA kAraNahetumeM usakA antarbhAva nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH pUrvacarahetu atirikta hI mAnanA caahiye| isI taraha Aja sUryodaya dekhakara kala sUryodaya hogA, candragrahaNa hogA ityAdi bhaviSyadviSayoMkA anumAna amuka avinAbhAvI pUrvacara hetuoMse hotA hai / uttaracarahetu-kRtikAkA udaya dekhakara eka muhUrta pahile bharaNI nakSatrakA udaya ho cukA yaha anumAna hotA hai / yaha uttaracara hetu pUrvokta kisI hetumeM antarbhUta nahIM hotaa| sahacarahetu-candramAke isa bhAgako dekhakara usake usa bhAgakA anumAna, tarAjUke eka palaDeko nIcA dekhakara dUsare palar3eke U~ce honekA anumAna, rasa cakhakara rUpakA anumAna tathA sAsnA dekhakara gaukA anumAna dekhA jAtA hai / yahA~ rasAdi sahacara hetu hai; kyoMki inakA apane sAdhyoMke sAtha tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti Adi koI sambandha nahIM honese ye kArya Adi hetuoMmeM antarbhUta nahIM haiN| hA~, avinAbhAvamAtra honese ye hetu gamaka hote haiN| anupalabdhi-bauddha dRzyAnupalabdhise hI abhAvakI siddhi mAnate haiM / dRzyase unakA tAtparya aisI vastuse hai ki-jo vastu sUkSma, antarita yA dUravartI na ho tathA jo pratyakSakA viSaya ho sakatI ho / aisI vastu upalabdhike samasta kAraNa milanepara bhI yadi upalabdha na ho to usakA abhAva samajhanA caahiye| sUkSmAdi padArthoM meM hama logoMke pratyakSa Adi kI nivRtti honepara bhI unakA abhAva to nahIM hotaa| pramANase prameyakA sadbhAva jAnA jA sakatA hai para pramANakI apravRttise prameyakA abhAva nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ataH viprakRSTa padArthoM meM anupalabdhi saMzayahetu honese abhAvakI sAdhikA nahIM ho sktii| akalaMkadeva isakA nirAsa karate hue likhate haiM ki-dRzyatvakA artha pratyakSaviSayatva hI na honA
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 39 cAhiye kintu pramANaviSayatva karanA caahiye| isase yaha tAtparya hogA ki jo vastu jisa pramANakA viSaya hokara yadi usI pramANase upalabdha na ho to usakA abhAva siddha hogaa| dekho-mRta zarIra meM svabhAvase atI yakA abhAva bhI hama loga siddha karate haiN| yahA~ paracaitanyameM pratyakSaviSayatvarUpa dRzyatva to nahIM hai; kyoMki paracaitanya hamAre pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM hotaa| vacana uSNatAvizeSa yA AkAravizeSa Adike dvArA usakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai, ataH unhIM vacanAdike abhAvase caitanyakA abhAva siddha honA cAhiye / adRzyAnupalabdhi yadi saMzaya hetu mAnI jAya to apanI adRzya AtmAkI sattA bhI kaise siddha ho sakegI? AtmAdi adRzya padArtha anumAnake viSaya hai| yadi hama unakI anumAnase upalabdhi na kara sakeM taba unakA abhAva siddha kara sakate haiM / hA~, jina pizAcAdi padArthoMko hama kisI bhI pramANase nahIM jAna sakate unakA abhAva hama anupalabdhise nahIM kara skeNge| tAtparya yaha ki jisa vastuko hama jina-jina pramANoMse jAnate haiM usa vastukA unauna pramANoMkI nivRttise abhAva siddha hogaa| akalaMkakRta hetuke bheda-akalaMkadevane sadbhAva sAdhaka chaH upalabdhiyoMkA varNana kiyA hai1-svabhAvopalabdhi-AtmA hai, upalabdha honese| 2-svabhAvakAryopalabdhi-AtmA thI, smaraNa honese / 3-svabhAvakAraNopalabdhi-AtmA hogI, sat honese / 4-sahacaropalabdhi-AtmA hai, sparza vizeSa ( zarIrameM uSNatA vizeSa ) pAyA jAnese / 5-sahacarakAryopalabdhi-kAyavyApAra ho rahA hai, vacanapravRtti honese / 6-sahacarakAraNopalabdhi-AtmA sapradezI hai, sAvayavazarIrake pramANa honese / asadvyavahArasAdhanake lie chaH anupalabdhiyA~ batAyI hai 1-svabhAvAnupalabdhi-kSaNakSayakAnta nahIM hai, anupalabdha honese / 2-kAryAnupalabdhi-kSaNakSayakAnta nahIM hai, usakA kArya nahIM pAyA jaataa| 3-kAraNAnupalabdhi-kSaNakSa yakAnta nahIM hai, usakA kAraNa nahIM pAyA jAtA / 4-svabhAvasahacarAnupalabdhi-AtmA nahIM hai, rUpavizeSa ( zarIrameM AkAravizeSa ) nahIM pAyA jaataa| 5-sahacarakAryAnupalabdhi-AtmA nahIM hai, vyApAra, AkAravizeSa tathA vacanavizeSakI anapalabdhi honese| 6-sahacarakAraNAnupalabdhi-AtmA nahIM hai, usake dvArA AhAra grahaNa karanA nahIM dekhA jaataa| sajIva zarIra hI svayaM AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| sadvyavahArake niSedhake lie 3 upalabdhiyAM batAyIM haiM 1-svabhAvaviruddhopalabdhi-padArtha nitya nahIM hai, pariNAmI honese / 2-kArya viruddhopalabdhi-lakSaNavijJAna pramANa nahIM hai, visaMvAdI honese / (?) 3-kAraNaviruddhopalabdhi-isa vyaktiko parIkSAkA phala prApta nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki isane abhAvakAntakA grahaNa kiyA hai| isa taraha sadabhAvasAdhaka 9 upalabdhiyA~ tathA abhAvasAdhaka chaH anupalabdhiyoMko kaNThokta kahakara inake aura anya anupalabdhiyoMke bhedaprabhedoMkA inhIM meM antarbhAva kiyA hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI batAyA hai ki-dharmakIrtike kathanAnusAra anupalabdhiyA~ kevala abhAva sAdhaka hI nahIM hai, kintu bhAvasAdhaka bhI hotI haiN| isI saMketake anusAra mANikyanandi, vidyAnanda tathA vAdidevasUrine upalabdhi aura anupalabdhi donoMko ubhayasAdhaka mAnakara unake anekoM bhedaprabheda kiye haiM /
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________________ 40 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcAryaM smRti-grantha rUpya nirAsa - bauddha hetuke tIna rUpa mAnatA hai / pratyeka satya hetumeM nimna trirUpatA avazya hI pAI jAnI cAhie, anyathA vaha saddhetu nahIM ho sakatA / 1. pakSadharmatva -- hetukA pakSameM rahanA / 2. sapakSasattva -- hetukA samasta sapakSoMmeM yA kucha sapakSoMmeM rahanA / 3 vipakSAsattva hetukA vipakSameM bilakula nahIM pAyA jAnA / akalaMkadeva inameM se tIsare vipakSAsattva rUpako hI saddhetutvakA niyAmaka mAnate haiM / unakI dRSTise hetukA pakSa meM rahanA tathA sapakSa sattva koI Avazyaka nahIM hai / ve likhate haiM ki - ' zakaTodaya hogA, kRtikodaya honese' 'bharaNIkA udaya ho cukA, kRtikAkA udaya honese' ina anumAnoMmeM kRtikodaya hetu pakSabhUta zakaTa tathA bharaNimeM nahIM pAyA jaataa| isI taraha 'advaitavAdIke pramANa haiM, anyathA iSTasAdhana aura aniSTadUSaNa nahIM ho sakegA / ' isa sthalameM jaba isa anumAnake pahile advaitavAdiyoMke yahA~ pramANa nAmaka dharmIkI sattA hI siddha nahIM hai taba pakSadharmatva kaise bana sakatA hai ? para ukta hetuoMkI svasAdhyake sAtha anyathA'nupapatti ( anyathA - sAdhyake abhAva meM vipakSa meM anupapatti-asattva ) dekhI jAtI hai, ataH ve saddhetu haiM / info TIkAkAra karNakagomine zakaTodayAdikA anumAna karAnevAle kRtikodayAdi vaiyadhikaraNa hetuoM meM kAla yA AkAzako dharmI banAkara pakSadharmatva ghaTAnekI yuktikA upayoga kiyA hai / akalakadeva isakA bhI nirAkaraNa karate hue kahA hai ki - yadi kAla Adiko dharmI banAkara kRtikodayameM pakSadharmatva ghaTAyA jAyagA taba to pRthivIrUpa pakSa kI apekSA se mahAnasagatadhUmahetuse samudra meM bhI agni siddha karanemeM hetu apakSadharma nahIM hogA / sapakSasattvako anAvazyaka batAte hue akalaMkadeva likhate haiM ki - pakSa meM sAdhya aura sAdhanakI vyAptirUpa antarvyAptike rahanepara hI hetu sarvatra gamaka hotA hai| pakSase bAhira - sapakSa meM vyApti grahaNa karane rUpa bahirvyApti se koI lAbha nahIM / kyoMki antarvyApti ke asiddha rahanepara bahirvyApti to asAdhaka hI hai / jahA~ antarvyApta gRhIta hai vahA~ bahirvyAptike grahaNa karanepara bhI kucha khAsa lAbha nahIM hai / ataH bahirvyAptikA prayojaka sapakSasattvarUpa bhI anAvazyaka hai / isa taraha anyathAnupapattiko hI hetukA vyAvarttaka rUpa mAnate hue akalaMkadevane spaSTa likhA hai ki- jahA~ anyathAnupapatti hai vahA~ trirUpatA mAnane se kyA lAbha ? jahA~ anyathApapatti nahIM hai vahA~ trirUpatA mAnakara bhI gamakatA nahIM A sakatI / 'anyathAnupapannatvaM' yaha kArikA tattvasaMgrahakArake ullekhAnusAra pAtrasvAmikI mAlUma hotI hai / yahI kArikA akalaMkane nyAyavinizcayake trilakSaNakhaNDanaprakaraNa meM likhI hai / hetvAbhAsa - naiyAyika hetuke pA~ca rUpa mAnate haiM, ataH ve eka-eka rUpake abhAva meM asiddha, viruddha, anaikAntika, kAlAtyayApadiSTa aura prakaraNasama ye pA~ca hetvAbhAsa mAnate haiM / bauddhane hetuko trirUpa mAnA hai, ataH unake matase pakSadharmatvake abhAvase asiddha hetvAbhAsa sapakSasattva ke abhAva se viruddha hetvAbhAsa tathA vipakSAsattvake abhAva se anaikAntika hetvAbhAsa, isa taraha tIna hetvAbhAsa hote haiM / akalaMkadevane jaba anyathA - nupapannatvako hI hetukA ekamAtra niyAmaka rUpa mAnA hai taba svabhAvataH inake matase anyathAnupapannatvake abhAva meM eka hI hetvAbhAsa mAnA jAyagA, jise unhoMne svayaM likhA hai ki vastutaH eka hI asiddha hetvAbhAsa hai / anyathAnupapattikA abhAva kaI prakArase hotA hai ataH viruddha asiddha, sandigdha aura akiJcitkarake bhedase cAra hetvAbhAsa bhI ho sakate haiM / inake lakSaNa isa prakAra haiM 1 - asiddha - sarvathAtyayAt sarvathA pakSa meM na pAyA jAnevAlA, athavA sarvathA jisakA sAdhyase avinAbhAva na ho / jaise zabda anitya hai cAkSuSa honese / 2 - viruddha - anyathAbhAvAt -- sAdhyAbhAvameM pAyA jAnevAlA, jaise saba kSaNika haiM, sat honese / sattvasarvAkSaNikatva vipakSabhUta kathaJcitkSaNikatvameM pAyA jAtA hai /
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 41 3- anaikAntika -- vipakSa meM bhI pAyA jAnevAlA / jaise sarvajJAbhAva siddha karaneke lie prayukta vaktRtvAdihetu / yaha nizcitAnaikAntika, sandigdhanaikAntika Adike bhedase aneka prakArakA hotA hai / 4- akiJcitkara - siddha sAdhya meM prayukta hetu / anyathAnupapattise rahita jitane trilakSaNa hetu haiM una sabako bhI akiJcitkara samajhanA cAhie / dignAgAtrAryane viruddhAvyabhicArI nAmakA bhI eka hetvAbhAsa mAnA hai / paraspara virodhI do hetuoMkA eka dharmo meM prayoga honepara prathama hetu viruddhAvyabhicArI ho jAtA hai| yaha saMzayahetu honese hetvAbhAsa hai / dharmakIrti ise hetvAbhAsa nahIM mAnA hai / ve likhate haiM ki pramANa siddha rUpyavAle hetuke prayoga honepara virodhI hetuko avasara hI nahIM mila sakatA / ataH isakI AgamAzritahetuke viSaya meM pravRtti mAnakara AcArya - ke vacanakI saMgati lagA lenI cAhie; kyoMki zAstra atIndriyArthaM viSaya meM pravRtti karatA hai / zAstrakAra eka hI vastuko paraspara virodhI rUpase kahate haiM, ataH AgamAzrita hetuoM meM hI yaha saMbhava ho sakatA hai / akalaMkadevane isa hetvAbhAsakA viruddha hetvAbhAsa meM antarbhAva kiyA hai / jo hetu viruddhakA avyabhicArI- vipakSa meM bhI rahane vAlA hogA vaha viruddha hetvAbhAsakI hI sImA meM AyagA / akRta hetubinduvivaraNa meM eka paDulakSaNa hetu mAnanevAle matakA kathana hai| pakSadharmatva, sapakSa sattva, vipakSAdvyAvRtti, abAdhitaviSayatva, asatpratipakSatva aura jJAtatva ye chaha lakSaNa haiM / inameM jJAtatva nAmake rUpakA nirdeza honese isa vAdI ke matase 'ajJAta' nAmakA bhI hetvAbhAsa phalita hotA hai / akalaMkadevane isa 'ajJAta' hetvAbhAsakA akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsameM aMtarbhAva kiyA hai / naiyAyikokta pA~ca hetvAbhAsoM meM kAlAtyayApadiSTakA akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsameM tathA prakaraNasamakA jo dignAgake viruddhAvyabhicArI jaisA hai, viruddha hetvAbhAsa meM antarbhAva samajhanA caahie| isa taraha akalaMkadevane sAmAnya rUpase eka hetvAbhAsa kahakara bhI vizeSarUpase asiddha, viruddha anaikAntika aura akiJcitkara ina cAra hetvAbhAsoMkA kathana kiyA hai| akalaMkadevakA abhiprAya akiJcitkarako svatantra hetvAbhAsa mAnane ke viSaya meM sudRr3ha nahIM mAlUma hotA / kyoMki ve likhate haiM ki - sAmAnyase eka asiddha hetvAbhAsa hai| vahI viruddha, asiddha aura sandigdha ke bhedase aneka prakArakA hai / ye viruddhAdi kiJcitkarake vistAra haiM / phira likhate haiM ki- anyathAnupapattirahita jitane trilakSaNa haiM unheM akiJcitkara kahanA caahie| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve sAmAnya hetvAbhAsoMkI akiJcitkara yA asiddha saMjJA rakhate the / isake svatantra hetvAbhAsa honepara unakA bhAra nahIM thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki A0 mANikyanandine akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsake lakSaNa aura bheda kara cukanepara bhI likhA hai ki isa akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsakA vicAra hetvAbhAsake lakSaNakAlameM hI karanA cAhie / zAstrArtha ke samaya to isakA kArya pakSadoSase hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya vidyAnandane bhI sAmAnyase eka hetvAbhAsa kahakara asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntikako usIkA rUpAntara mAnA hai / unane bhI akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsake Upara bhAra nahIM diyA / vAdidevasUri Adi utarakAlIna AcAryAne asiddhAdi tIna hI hetvAbhAsa ginAe haiM / sAdhya - A0 dignAgane pakSake lakSaNa meM Ipsita tathA pratyakSAdyaviruddha ye do vizeSaNa die haiN| dharmakIrti IpsitakI jagaha iSTa tathA pratyakSAdyaviruddha ke sthAna meM pratyakSAdya nirAkRta zabdakA prayoga karate haiM / akalaMkadeva ne apane sAdhyake lakSaNa meM zakya ( abAdhita ) abhipreta ( iSTa ) aura aprasiddha ina tIna vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / asiddha vizeSaNa to 'sAdhya' zabdake arthase hI phalita hotA hai / sAdhyakA artha hai-- siddha karane yogya, arthAt asiddha / zakya aura abhipreta vizeSaNa bauddhAcAryoMke dvArA kie gae sAdhyake lakSaNase Ae haiM / 4-6
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________________ 42 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha sAdhyakA yaha lakSaNa nirvivAdarUpase mANikyanandi Adi AcAryoM dvArA svIkRta hai| siddha, aniSTa tathA bAdhitako sAdhyAbhAsa kahA hai / dRSTAnta-jahA~ sAdhya aura sAdhanake sambandhakA jJAna hotA hai usa pradezakA nAma dRSTAnta hai / sAdhyavikala tathA sAdhanavikalAdika dRSTAntAbhAsa haiN| isa taraha dRSTAnta aura dRSTAntAbhAsakA lakSaNa karanepara bhI akalaMkadevane dRSTAntako anumAnakA avayava svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unane likhA hai ki sabhI anumAnoMmeM dRSTAnta honA hI cAhiye, aisA niyama nahIM hai, dRSTAntake binA bhI sAdhyakI siddhi dekhI jAtI hai, jaise bauddhake matase samasta padArthoMko kSaNikatva siddha karane meM sattva hetuke prayogameM koI dRSTAnta nahIM hai / ataH dRSTAnta anumAnakA niyata avayava nahIM hai / isIliye uttarakAlIna kumAranandi Adi AcAryoMne pratijJA aura hetu ina doko hI anumAnakA avayava mAnA hai / hA~, mandabuddhi ziSyoMkI dRSTise dRSTAnta, upanaya tathA nigamanAdi bhI upayogI ho sakate haiN| dharmI-bauddha anumAnakA viSaya kalpita sAmAnya mAnate haiM, kSaNika svalakSaNa nhoN| A0 dignAgane kahA hai ki-samasta anumAna-anumeyavyavahAra buddhikalpita dharmaminyAyase calatA hai, kisI dharmIkI vAstavika sattA nahIM hai / akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki jisa taraha pratyakSa parapadArtha tathA svarUpako viSaya karatA hai usI taraha anumAna bhI vastubhUta arthako hI viSaya karatA hai| hA~, yaha ho sakatA hai ki pratyakSa usa vastuko sphuTa tathA vizeSAkAra rUpase grahaNa kare aura anumAna use asphuTa evaM sAmAnyAkAra rUpase / para itane mAtrase eka vastuviSayaka aura dUsarA avastuko viSaya karanevAlA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / jisa vikalpajJAnase Apa dharmadharmabhAvakI kalpanA karate haiM, vaha vikalpajJAna nirvikalpakase to siddha nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki nirvikalpakanizcaya-zUnyajJAnase kisI vastukI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / vikalpAntarase siddhi mAnane meM anavasthA dUSaNa AtA hai| ataH vikalpako sva aura artha donoM hI aMzoMmeM pramANa mAnanA caahie| jaba vikalpa arthAzameM pramANa ho jAyagA; taba hI usake dvArA viSaya kie gae dharmI Adi bhI satya evaM paramArtha siddha hoNge| yadi dharmI hI mithyA hai; taba to usameM rahanevAle sAdhya-sAdhana bhI mithyA evaM kalpita tthhreNge| isa taraha paramparAse bhI anumAnake dvArA arthakI prApti nahIM ho skegii| ataH dharmIko pramANasiddha mAnanA cAhie kevala vikalpasiddha nahIM / akalaMkottaravartI A0 mANikyanandine isI Azayase parIkSAmakhasUtrameM dharmIke tIna bheda kie haiM1. pramANasiddha, 2. vikalpasiddha , 3. ubhayasiddha / anumAnake bheda-nyAyasUtrameM anumAnake tIna bheda kie hai-pUrvavat, zeSavat aura sAmAnyatodaSTa / sAMkhyatattvakaumudImeM anumAnake do bheda pAye jAte haiM-eka vIta aura dUsarA avIta / vIta anumAna ke do bheda1. pUrvavat, 2. sAmAnyatodRSTa / sAMkhyake ina bhedoMkI paramparA vastutaH prAcIna hai| vaizeSikane anumAnake kAryaliMgaja, kAraNaliMgaja, saMyogiliMgaja aura samavAyiliMgaja, isa taraha pA~ca bheda kie haiN| akalaMkadeva to sAmAnyarUpase eka hI anyathAnupapatti liMgaja anumAna mAnate haiN| ve ina apUrNa bhedoMkI parigaNanAko mahattva nahIM dete| vAda-naiyAyika kathAke tIna bheda mAnate haiM-1. vAda, 2. jalpa, 3. vitnnddaa| vItarAgakathAkA nAma vAda hai tathA vijigISukathAkA nAma jalpa aura vitaNDA hai / pakSa-pratipakSa to donoM kathAoM meM grahaNa kie ho jAte haiN| hA~, itanA antara hai ki-bAdameM svapakSasAdhana aura parapakSaduSaNa pramANa aura tarkake dvArA hote haiM, jaba ki jalpa aura vitaNDAmeM chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAna jaise asaduttaroMse bhI kie jA sakate haiN| nayAyikane chalAdike prayogako asaduttara mAnA hai aura sAdhAraNa avasthAmeM unake prayogakA niSedha bhI kiyA hai| vAdakA prayojana tattvanirNaya hai| jalpa aura vitaNDAkA prayojana hai-tattvasaMrakSaNa, jo chalajAtirUpa
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 43 asadupAyoM se bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaise khetakI rakSAke lie kAToMkI bArI lagAI jAtI hai usI taraha tattvasarakSaNake lie kA~Teke samAna chalAdike prayogakA avalambana amuka avasthAmeM ThIka hai / A0 dharmakIrtine apane vAdanyAyameM chalAdike prayogako bilakula anyAyya batAyA hai / usI taraha akalaMkadeva ahiMsAko dRSTise kisI bhI hAlata meM chalAdi rUpa asaduttarake prayogako ucita nahIM samajhate / chalAdiko anyAyya mAna lenese jalpa aura vAda meM koI bheda hI nahIM raha jAtA / ataH ve vAdako hI ekamAtra kathA rUpase svIkAra karate haiM / unane vAdakA saMkSepameM 'samarthavacanako vAda kahate haiM' yaha lakSaNa karake kahA hai ki vAdi-prativAdiyoMkA madhyasthoM ke sAmane svapakSasAdhana- parapakSadUSaNavacanako vAda kahanA cAhie / isa taraha vAda aura jalpako eka mAna lenepara ve yatheccha kahIM vAda zabdakA prayoga karate haiM to kahIM jalpakA / vitaNDAko jisameM vAdI apanA pakSasthApana nahIM karake mAtra prativAdIke pakSakA khaNDana hI khaNDana karatA hai, vAdAbhAsa kahakara tyAjya batAyA hai / jaya-parAjayavyavasthA - naiyAyikane isake lie pratijJAhAni Adi 22 nigrahasthAna mAne haiM jinameM ATT hai ki yadi koI vAdI apanI pratijJAkI hAni kara de, dUsarA hetu bola de, asambaddha pada-vAkya yA varNa bole, isa taraha bole jisase tIna bAra kahanepara bhI prativAdI aura pariSada na samajha pAve, hetudRSTAntAdikA krama bhaMga ho jAya, avayava nyUna kahe jAyeM, adhika avazya kahe jAya~, punarukta ho, prativAdI vAdoke dvArA kahe gae pakSakA anuvAda na kara sake, uttara na de sake, vAdIke dvArA die gae dUSaNako ardhasvIkArakara khaNDana kare, nigrahAke lie nigrahasthAna udbhAvana na kara sake, anigrahAhaMko nigrahasthAna batA deve, siddhAntaviruddha bola jAve, hetvAbhAsoM kA prayoga kare to nigrahasthAna arthAt parAjaya hogA / sAmAnyase naiyAyikoMne vipratti - pati aura apratipattiko nigrahasthAna mAnA hai / vipratipatti - viruddha yA asambaddha kahanA / apratipattipakSasthApana nahIM karanA, sthApitakA pratiSedha nahIM karanA tathA pratiSiddhakA uddhAra nahIM karanA / pratijJAhAnyAdi 22 to inhIM donoMke hI vizeSa prakAra haiM / dharmakIrtine inakA khaNDana karate hue likhA hai ki - jaya-parAjayavyavasthAko isa taraha guTAlemeM nahIM rakhA jA sakatA / kisI bhI sacce sAdhanavAdIkA mAtra isalie nigraha honA ki vaha kucha adhika bola gayA yA amuka kAyadekA pAlana nahIM kara sakA, satya aura ahiMsAko dRSTise ucita nahIM hai / ataH vAdI aura prativAdI ke lie kramazaH asAdhanAGgavacana aura adoSodbhAvana, ye do hI nigrahasthAna mAnanA cAhiye / vAdIkA karttavya hai ki vaha saccA aura pUrNa sAdhana bole / prativAdIkA kArya hai ki vaha yathArtha doSoMkA udbhAvana kare / yadi vAdI saccA sAdhana nahIM bolatA yA jo sAdhanake aMga nahIM haiM aise vacana kahatA hai to usakA asAdhanAMgavacana honese parAjaya honA cAhiye / prativAdI yadi yathArtha doSAMkA udbhAvana na kara sake yA jo doSa nahIM haiM unakA udbhAvana kare to usakA parAjaya honA caahie| isa taraha sAmAnyalakSaNa karanepara bhI dharmakIrti phira usI ghapale meM par3a gae / unhoMne asAdhanAGgavacana tathA adoSodbhAvanake vividha vyAkhyAna karake kahA hai ki anvaya yA vyatireka dRSTAntameMse kevala eka dRSTAntase ho jaba sAdhyako siddhi saMbhava hai to donoM dRSTAntoMkA prayoga karanA asAdhanAGgavacana hogA / trirUpavacana hI sAdhanAGga hai, usakA kathana na karanA asAdhanAGga hai / pratijJA nigamanAdi sAdhanake aMga nahIM hai, unakA kathana asAdhanAGga hai / yaha saba likhakara antameM unane yaha bhI sUcana kiyA hai ki - svapakSasiddhi aura parapakSa nirAkaraNa jayalAbhake lie Avazyaka hai / akalaMkadeva asAdhanAGgavacana tathA adoSodbhAvana ke jhagar3eko bhI pasanda nahI karate / kisako sAdhanAGga mAnA jAya kisako nahIM, kisako doSa mAnA jAya kisako nahIM, yaha nirNaya svayaM eka zAstrArthakA viSaya ho
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________________ 44 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti grantha jAtA hai / ata: svapakSasiddhise hI jayavyavasthA mAnanI cAhie / svapakSa siddhi karanevAlA yadi kucha adhika bola jAya to kucha hAni nahIM / prativAdI yadi viruddha hetvAbhAmakA udbhAvana karatA hai to phira use svatantra rUpase pakSasiddhikI bhI AvazyakatA nahIM hai; kyoMki vAdIke hetuko viruddha kahanese prativAdIkA pakSa to svataH siddha ho jAtA hai / hA~, asiddha Adi hetvAbhAsoM ke udbhAvana karanepara prativAdIko apanA pakSa bhI siddha karanA cAhie | svapakSasiddhi nahIM karanevAlA zAstrArtha ke niyamoMke anusAra calanepara bhI jayakA bhAgI nahIM ho sakatA / jAti - mithyA uttaroMko jAti kahate haiM / jaise dharmakIrtikA anekAntake rahasya ko na samajhakara yaha kahanA ki - "yadi sabhI vastue~ dravyadRSTi se eka haiM to dravyadRSTise to dahI aura U~Ta bhI eka ho gayA / ata. dahI khAnevAlA U~Tako bho kyoM nahIM khAtA ?" sAdharmyAdisama jAtiyoMko akalaMkadeva koI khAsa mahattva nahIM dete aura na unakI AvazyakatA hA samajhate haiN| A0 dignAgakI taraha akalaMkadevane bhI asaduttaroMko ananta kahakara jAtiyoMkI 24 saMkhyA bhI apUrNa sUcita kI hai / zruta - samasta ekAnta pravAdoMke agocara, pramANasiddha, paramAtmAke dvArA upadiSTa pravacana zruta hai / dvIpa, deza, nadI Adi vyavahita arthoM meM pramANa he / hetuvAdarUpa Agama yuktisiddha hai / usame pramANatA honese zeSa ahetuvAda Agama bhI usI taraha pramANa hai / AgamakI pramANatAkA prayojaka Aptoktatva nAmakA guNa hotA hai / zabdakA arthavAcakatva - bauddha zabdakA vAcya arthaM nahIM mAnate / ve kahate haiM ki zabdakI pravRtti saMketase hotI hai / svalakSaNa kSaNakSayI tathA ananta haiM / jaba ananta svalakSaNoMkA grahaNa bhI saMbhava nahIM hai taba saMketa kaise grahaNa kiyA jAyagA ? grahaNa karanepara bhI vyavahAra kAla taka usakI anuvRtti na honese vyavahAra kaise hogA ? zabda atItAnAgatakAlIna arthoM meM bhI prayukta hote haiM, para ve artha vidyamAna to nahIM haiM / ataH zabdakA arthake sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai / yadi zabdakA arthake sAtha sambandha ho to zabdabuddhikA pratibhAsa indrabuddhikI taraha spaSTa honA cAhie / zabdabuddhi meM yadi artha kAraNa nahIM hai; taba vaha usakA viSaya kaise ho sakegA ? kyoMki jo jJAnameM kAraNa nahIM hai vaha jJAnakA viSaya bhI nahIM ho sakatA / yadi artha zabdajJAna meM kAraNa ho; to phira koI bhI zabda visaMvAdI yA apramANa nahIM hogA, atItAnAgata arthoM meM zabdako pravRtti hI ruka jAyagI / saMketa bhI zabda aura artha ubhayakA jJAna honepara hI ho sakatA hai| eka pratyakSase to ubhayakA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki zrAvaNapratyakSa arthako viSaya nahIM karatA tathA cAkSuSAdipratyakSa zabdako viSaya nahIM karate / smRti to nirviSaya evaM gRhItagrAhI honese pramANa ho nahIM hai / isalie zabda arthakA vAcaka na hokara vivakSAkA sUcana karatA hai / zabdakA vAcya artha na hokara kalpita - buddhipratibimbita anyApoharUpa sAmAnya hai / isalie zabdase honevAle jJAna meM satyArthatAkA koI niyama nahIM hai / akalaMkadeva isakA samAlocana karate hue kahate haiM ki-padArtha meM kucha dharma sadRza tathA kucha dharma visadRza hote haiM / sadRzadharmokI apekSAse zabda kA artha meM saMketa hotA hai| jisa zabda meM saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai bhale hI vaha vyavahArakAla taka nahIM pahu~ce para tatsadRza dUsare zabdase arthabodha hone meM kyA bAdhA hai ? eka ghaTazabdakA eka ghaTa arthameM saMketa grahaNa karaneke bAda tatsadRza yAvad ghaToMmeM tatsadRza yAvad ghaTazabdoMkI pravRtti hotI hai / kevala sAmAnyameM saMketa nahIM hotA; kyoMki kevala sAmAnya meM saMketa grahaNa karanese vizeSa meM pravRtti rUpa phala nahIM ho sakegA / na kevala vizeSameM; ananta vizeSoM meM saMketagrahaNakI zakti asmadAdi pAmara janoMmeM nahIM hai / ataH sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka - sadRzadharmaviziSTa zabda aura arthavyaktimeM saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / saMketa grahaNa ke anantara
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 45 zabdArthakA smaraNa karake vyavahAra hotA hai / jisa prakAra pratyakSabuddhi atItArthako jAnakara bhI pramANa hai usI taraha smRti bhI pramANa ho hai| pratyakSabuddhi meM artha kAraNa hai, ataH vaha eka kSaNa pahile rahatA hai jJAnakAlameM nhiiN| jJAnakAlameM to vaha kSaNika honese naSTa ho jAtA hai / jaba avisaMvAdaprayukta pramANatA smRtimeM hai hI, taba zabda sunakara smRtike dvArA arthabodha karake tathA artha dekhakara smRtike dvArA tadvAcaka zabdakA smaraNa karake vyavahAra acchI taraha calatA hI hai| yaha avazya hai ki-sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka arthako viSaya karanepara bhI akSajJAna spaSTa tathA zabdajJAna aspaSTa hotA hai| jaise eka hI vRkSako viSaya karanevAlA dUravarto puruSakA jJAna aspaSTa tathA samIpavartIkA spaSTa hotA hai / spaSTatA aura aspaSTatA viSayabheda prayukta nahIM hai, kintu AvaraNakSayopazamAdisAmagrIprayukta haiN| jisa prakAra avinAbhAvasambandhase arthakA bodha karAnevAlA anumAna aspaSTa hokara bhI avisaMvAdI honese pramANa hai usI taraha vAcyavAcakasambandhase arthakA jJAna karAnevAlA zabdabodha bhI hI pramANa honA cAhie / yadi zabda bAhyArthameM pramANa na ho; taba bauddha svayaM zabdoMse adRSTa nado, deza, parvatAdikA avisaMvAdi jJAna kaise karate haiM ? yadi koI ekAdha zabda arthakI gairamaujUdagomeM prayukta honese vyabhicArI dekhA gayA to mAtra itanese sabhI zabdoMko vyabhicArI yA apramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jaise pratyakSa yA anumAna kahIM-kahIM bhrAnta dekhe jAnepara bhI abhrAnta yA avyabhicAri vizeSaNoMse yukta hokara pramANa haiM usI taraha AbhrAnta zabdako bAhyArtha meM pramANa mAnanA cAhie / yadi hetuvAdarUpa zabdake dvArA arthakA nizcaya na ho; to sAdhana aura sAdhanAbhAsako vyavasthA kaise hogI? isI taraha Aptake vacanake dvArA arthabodha na ho to Apta aura anAptakI vyavasthA kaise kI jAyagI? yadi puruSoMke abhiprAyoMmeM vicitratA honeke kAraNa zabda arthavyabhicArI karAra die jAya~; to sugatakI sarvajJatA yA sarvazAstRtAmeM kaise vizvAsa kiyA jA sakegA? vahA~ bhI abhiprAyavaicitryako zaMkA uTha sakatI hai| yadi arthavyabhicAra dekhA jAneke kAraNa zabda arthameM pramANa nahIM hai; to vivakSAkA bhI to vyabhicAra dekhA jAtA hai, anya zabdakI vivakSAmeM anya zabdakA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai / isa taraha to zizapAtva hetu vRkSAvisaMvAdI honepara kahIM-kahIM ziMzapAko latAkI saMbhAvanAse, agni iMdhanase paidA hotI hai para kahIM maNi Adise utpanna honeke kAraNa sabhI svabhAvahetu tathA kAryahetu vyabhicArI ho jAya~ge / ataH jaise yahA~ suvivecita vyApya aura kArya, vyApaka aura kAraNakA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakate usI taraha suvivecita zabda arthakA vyabhicAro nahIM ho sktaa| ataH avisaMvAdi zratako artha meM pramANa mAnanA cAhiye / zabdakA vivakSAke sAtha koI avinAbhAva nahIM hai; kyoMki zabda, varNa yA pada kahIM avAMchita arthako bhI kahate haiM tathA kahIM vAMchitako bhI nahIM khte| yadi zabda vivakSAmAtrake vAcaka hoM to zabdoMmeM satyatva aura mithyAtvakI vyavasthA na ho sakegI; kyoMki donoM ho prakArake zabda apano-apanI vivakSA kA anumAna karAte hai / zabdameM satyatvavyavasthA arthaprAptike kAraNa hotI hai| vivakSA rahate hue bhI mandabuddhi zAstravyAkhyAnarUpa zabdakA prayoga nahIM kara pAte tathA suSuptAdi avasthAmeM icchAke na rahanepara bhI zabdaprayoga dekhA jAtA hai| ataH zabdoMmeM satyAsatyatvavyavasthAke lie unheM arthakA vAcaka mAnanA hI hogaa| / zrutake bheda--zrutake tIna bheda hai--1 pratyakSanimittaka, 2 anumAnanimittaka, 3 Agamanimittaka / pratyakSanimittaka-paropadezakI sahAyatA lekara pratyakSase honevaalaa| anumAna nimittaka-paropadezake binA kevala anumAnase honevAlA / Agamanimittaka-mAtra paropadezase honevaalaa| jainatarkavAtikakArane paropadezaja tathA liMganimittaka rUpase dvividha zruta svIkAra karake akalaMkake isa matakI samAlocanA kI hai| zabdakA svarUpa-zabda pudgalakI paryAya hai| vaha skandha rUpa hai, jaise chAyA aura Atapa / zabda mImAMsakoMkI taraha nitya nahIM ho sktaa| zabda yadi nitya aura vyApaka ho to vyaJjaka vAyuoMse eka jagaha
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________________ 46 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha usakI abhivyakti honepara sabhI jagaha sabhI vargoMkI abhivyakti honese kolAhala maca jaaygaa| saMtake lie bhI zabdako nitya mAnanA Avazyaka nahIM hai; kyoMki anitya honepara bhI sadazazabdameM saMketa hokara vyavahAra ho sakatA hai| sa evAyaM zabdaH' yaha pratyabhijJAna zabdake nitya honeke kAraNa nahIM hotA kiMtu tatsadRza zabdameM ekatvAdhyavasAya karane ke kAraNa hotA hai / ataH yaha ekatvapratyabhijJAna bhrAnta hai / yadi isa taraha bhrAnta pratyabhijJAnase vastuoMmeM ekatva siddha ho; to bijalI Adi padArtha bhI nitya siddha ho jaayeNge| zabdako upAdAnabhUta zabdavargaNAe~ itanI sUkSma haiM ki unakI pratyakSase upalabdhi nahIM ho sktii| isI taraha zabdakI uttaraparyAya bhI sUkSma honese anupalabdha rahatI hai| kramase uccarita zabdoMmeM hI pada, vAkya Adi saMjJAe~ hotI haiM / yadyapi zabda sabhI dizAoMmeM utpanna hote haiM para unameMse jo zabda zrotake sAtha sannikRSTa hote haiM vahI zrotrake dvArA sune jAte haiM, anya nahIM / zrotrako prApyakArI kahakara akalaMkadevane bauddhake 'zrotrako bhI cakSurindriyakI taraha aprApyakArI mAnaneke' siddhAntakA khaNDana kiyA hai / isataraha zabda tAlvAdike saMyogase utpanna hotA hai aura vaha zrAvaNamadhyasvabhAva hai / isImeM icchAnusAra saMketa karanese arthabodha hotA hai| vedApauruSeyatva vicAra-mImAMsaka vedako apauruSeya mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki dharmameM vedavAkya hI pramANa ho sakate haiN| cUMki pratyakSase atIndriya puNyapApAdi padArthoM ke jJAnakI sambhAvanA nahIM hai, ataH atIndriya dharmAdikA pratipAdaka veda kisI puruSakI kRti nahIM ho sktaa| Aja taka usake kartAkA smaraNa bhI to nahIM hai / yadi kartA hotA to avazya hI usakA smaraNa honA cAhie thaa| ataH veda apauruSeya tathA anAdi hai| akalaMkadevane zrutako paramAtmapratipAdita batAte hue kahA hai ki jaba AtmA jJAnarUpa hai tathA usake pratibandhaka karma haTa sakate haiM, taba use atIndriyAdi padArthoM ke jAnane meM kyA bAdhA hai ? yadi jJAnameM atizaya asambhava hI ho; to jaimini Adi ko vedArthakA pUrNa parijJAna kaise sambhava hogA? sarvatra pramANatA kAraNaguNoMke hI AdhIna dekhI jAtI hai| zabdameM pramANatAkA lAnevAlA vaktAkA guNa hai| yadi veda apauruSeya hai; taba to usakI pramANatA ho sandigdha rhegii| jaba atIndriyadarzI eka bhI puruSa nahIM hai; taba vedakA yathArtha jJAna kaise ho sakatA hai ? paramparA to mithyArthakI bhI cala sakatI hai| yadi samastArthajJAnameM zaMkA kI jAtI hai; taba caMcala-indriyajanya pratyakSAdi pramANoMmeM kaise vizvAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai ? yadi apauruSeya veda apane arthakA svataH vivaraNa kare; taba to vedake aMgabhUta Ayurveda Adike parijJAnArtha manuSyoMkA paThana-pAThanarUpa prayatna niSphala hI ho jAyagA / ataH sAmagrIke guNa-doSase hI pramANatA aura apramANatAkA sambandha mAnanA caahie| zabdakI pramANatAke lie vaktAkA samyagjJAna hI ekamAtra aMkuza ho sakatA hai| jaba vedakA koI atIndriyArthadraSTA niyAmaka nahIM hai; taba usake arthameM andhaparamparA hI huii| Aja taka anAdikAla bIta cukA, aisA anApta veda naSTa kyoM nahIM huA? anAdi mAnanese yA kartAkA smaraNa na honese hI to koI pramANa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki lokameM bahutase aise mlecchAdivyavahAra yA gAlI-galauja Adi pAe jAte haiM, jinake kartAkA Aja taka kisI ko smaraNa nahIM hai, para itane mAtrase ve pramANa to nahIM mAne jA sakate / isalie vedake arthameM yathArthatAkA niyAmaka atIndriyArthadarzI puruSavizeSa hI mAnanA cAhie / kartAkA asmaraNarUpa hetu jIrNa khaNDahara, kuA Adi cIjoMse, jinake kartAkA kisIko smaraNa nahIM hai, anaikAntika hai| ataH sarvajJapratipAdita Agamako hI atIndriyadharma AdimeM bhI pramANa mAnanA caahie| sarvajJa ke mAne binA vedakI pratiSThA bhI nahIM ho sakatI; kyoMki apauruSeya vedakA vyAkhyAtA yadi rAgI, dveSI aura ajJAnI puruSa hogA to usake dvArA kiyA gayA vyAkhyAna pramANakoTimeM nahIM A skegaa| vyAkhyAbheda honepara antima nirNaya to dharmAdike sAkSAtkartA kA hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| paraparikalpita pramANAntarbhAva-naiyAyika prasiddha arthake sAdRzyase sAdhyake sAdhanako-saMjJAsaMjJi
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 47 sambandhajJAnako upamAna kahate haiN| jaise kisI nAgarikane yaha sunA ki 'gauke sadRza gavaya hotA hai / ' yaha jaMgalameM gayA / vahA~ gavayako dekhakara usameM gosAdRzyakA jJAna karake gavayasaMjJAkA sambandha jor3atA hai aura gavayazabdakA vyavahAra karatA hai / isI saMjJA-saMjJisambandhajJAnako upamAna pramANa kahate / akalaMkadeva isa jJAnakA yathAsambhava anumAna tathA pratyabhijJAnameM aMtarbhAva karate hue kahate haiM ki yadi prasiddhArthakA sAdRzya avinAbhAvI rUpase nirNIta taba to vaha liMgAtmaka ho jAyagA aura usase utpanna honevAlA jJAna anumAna kahalAyagA / yadi avinAbhAva nirNIta nahIM hai; to darzana aura smaraNapUrvaka sAdRzyAtmaka saMkalana hone ke kAraNa yaha sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnameM hI antarbhUta hogaa| sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnameM antarbhUta honepara bhI yadi isa jJAnako svataMtrarUpase upamAna nAmaka pramANa mAnoge; to bhaiMsako dekhakara 'yaha gavaya nahIM hai' yA 'yaha gause vilakSaNa hai' isa vailakSaNyajJAnako kisa pramANarUpa mAnoge ? 'zAkhAdivAlA vRkSa hotA hai' isa zabdako sunakara vaise hI zAkhAdimAn arthako dekhakara 'vRkSo'yam' isa jJAnako kisa nAmase pukAroge ? isI taraha 'yaha isase pUrva meM hai, yaha isase pazcimameM hai', 'yaha choTA hai, yaha bar3A hai', 'yaha dUra hai, yaha pAsa hai', 'yaha U~cA hai, yaha nIcA hai', 'ye do haiM, yaha eka hai' ityAdi sabhI jJAna upamAnase pRthak pramANa mAnane hoMge; kyoMki ukta jJAnoMmeM prasiddhArtha - sAdRzyako to gaMdha bhI nahIM hai / ataH jinameM darzana aura smaraNa kAraNa una sabhI saMkalanarUpa jJAnoMko pratyabhijJAna kahanA cAhie, bhale hI vaha saMkalana sAdRzya vaisadRzya yA ekatvAdi kisI bhI viSayaka kyoM na ho / ukta sabhI jJAna hitaprApti, ahitaparihAra tathA upekSAjJAnarUpa phalake utpAdaka honese apramANa to kahe hI nahIM jA sakate / mImAMsaka jisa sAdhanakA sAdhyake sAtha avinAbhAva pahile kisI sapakSameM gRhIta nahIM hai usa sAdhanase tatkAlameM hI avinAbhAva grahaNa karake honevAle sAdhyajJAnako arthApatti kahate / isase zakti Adi atIndriya padArthoMkA bhI jJAna kiyA jAtA hai| akalaMkadevane arthApattiko anumAnameM antarbhUta kiyA hai; kyoMki avinAbhAvI eka arthase dUsare arthakA jJAna anumAna tathA arthApatti donoMmeM samAna hai / sapakSameM vyAptikA gRhIta honA yA na honA pramANAntaratAkA prayojaka nahIM ho sakatA / sambhava nAmakA pramANa yadi avinAbhAvaprayukta hai; to usakA anumAnameM antarbhAva hogA / yadi avinAbhAvaprayukta hai; taba to vaha pramANa hI nahIM ho sakatA / aitihya nAmakA pramANa yadi AptopadezamUlaka hai, to AgamanAmaka pramANameM antarbhUta hogA / yadi AptamUlatva saMdigdha hai; to vaha pramANakoTimeM nahIM A sakatA / abhAva nAmakA pramANa yathAsambhava pratyakSa, pratyabhijJAna tathA anumAnAdi pramANoMmeM antarbhUta samajhanA cAhie / isa taraha paraparikalpita pramANoM kA aMtarbhAva honepara pratyakSa aura parokSa ye do hI mUla pramANa ho sakate haiM / pramANAbhAsa - avisaMvAdi jJAna pramANa hai, ataH visaMvAdi jJAna pramANAbhAsa hogA / yahA~ akalaMkadevakI eka dRSTi vizeSarUpase vicAraNIya hai / ve kisI jJAnako sarvathA visaMvAdi nahIM kahate / ve kahate haiM ki--jo jJAna jisa aMzameM avisaMvAdi ho vaha usa aMzameM pramANa tathA visaMvAdi-aMza meM apramANa hogA / hama kisI bhI jJAnako ekAntase pramANAbhAsa nahIM kaha skte| jaise timirarogIkA dvicandrajJAna candrAMzameM avisaMvAdI hai tathA dvitvasaMkhyA meM visaMvAdI hai, ataH ise candrAMzameM pratyakSa tathA dvitvAMza meM pratyakSAbhAsa kahanA cAhie / isa taraha pramANa aura pramANAbhAsakI saMkIrNa sthiti rahanepara bhI jahA~ avisaMvAdakI prakarSatA ho vahA~ pramANa vyapadeza tathA visaMvAdake prakarSa meM pramANAbhAsa vyapadeza karanA caahie| jaise kastUrI meM rUpa, rasa Adi sabhI guNa maujUda haiM, para gandhakI prakarSatA honeke kAraNa usameM 'gandhadravya' vyapadeza hotA hai / jJAnake kAraNoMkA vicAra - bauddhake matase cAra pratyayoMse citta aura caMttoMkI utpatti hotI hai--
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________________ 48 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha 1. samanantarapratyaya, 2. adhipatipratyaya, 3 Alambanapratyaya, 4. sahakAripratyaya / jJAnakI utpattimeM pUvajJAna samanantarakAraNa hotA hai, cakSurAdi indriyA~ adhipatipratyaya hotI haiM, padArtha Alambanapratyaya tathA Aloka Adi anya kAraNa sahakAripratyaya hote haiN| isa taraha bauddhakI dRSTise jJAnake prati artha tathA Aloka donoM hI kAraNa haiN| unhoMne spaSTa likhA hai ki-'nAkAraNaM viSayaH' arthAt jo jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM hogA vaha jJAnakA viSaya bhI nahIM hogaa| naiyAyikAdi indriyArthasannikarSako jJAnameM kAraNa mAnate haiM ataH unake matase sannikarSa-ghaTakatayA artha bhI jJAnakA kAraNa hai hii| arthakAraNatAnirAsa-jJAna arthakA kArya nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jJAna to mAtra itanA hI jAnatA hai ki 'yaha amuka artha hai / vaha yaha nahIM jAnatA ki 'maiM isa arthase utpanna huA huuN| yadi jJAna yaha jAnane lage ki 'maiM isa arthase paidA huA hU~'; taba to vivAdako sthAna hI nahIM rhtaa| jaba utpanna jJAna arthake paricchedameM vyApAra karatA hai taba vaha apane anya indriyAdi utpAdaka kAraNoMkI sacanA svayaM hI karatA hai; kyoMki yadi jJAna uso arthase utpanna ho jise vaha jAnatA hai, taba to vaha usa arthako jAna hI nahIM sakegA; kyoMki arthakAla meM to jJAna anutpanna hai tathA jJAnakAlameM artha vinaSTa ho cukA hai| yadi jJAna apane kAraNoMko jAne; to use indriyAdikako bhI jAnanA caahie| jJAnakA artha ke sAtha anvaya aura vyatireka na honese bhI unameM kAraNa kAryabhAva nahIM ho sktaa| saMzayajJAna arthake abhAvameM bhI ho jAtA hai| saMzayajJAnasthalameM sthANu-puruSarUpa do artha to vidyamAna nahIM hai| artha yA to sthANurUpa hogA yA puruSarUpa / vyabhicAra-anyathA pratibhAsa buddhigata dharma hai| jaba mithyAjJAnameM indriyagata-timirAdi, viSayagata-AzubhramaNAdi, bAhya-naukAmeM yAtrA karanA Adi tathA Atmagata-vAtapittAdijanya kSobha Adi doSa kAraNa hote haiM; taba to arthako hetutA apane hI Apa vyartha ho jAtI hai / mithyAjJAna yadi indriyoMkI duSTatAse hotA hai; to satyajJAnameM bhI indriyagata nirdoSatA hI kAraNa hogI / ataH indriya aura manako hI jJAnameM kAraNa mAnanA cAhie / artha to jJAnakA viSaya hI ho sakatA hai, kAraNa nhiiN| anya kAraNoMse utpanna buddhike dvArA sannikarSakA nizcaya hotA hai, sannikarSase buddhikA nizcaya to nahIM dekhA jaataa| sannikarSapraviSTa arthake sAtha jJAnakA kAryakAraNabhAva taba nizcita ho sakegA; jaba sannikarSapraviSTa AtmA, mana, indriya Adi kisI eka jJAnake viSaya hoN| para AtmA, mana aura indriyA~ to atIndriya haiM, ataH padArthake sAtha honevAlA inakA sannikarSa bhI atondriya hogA aura jaba vaha vidyamAna rahate hue bhI apratyakSa hai, taba use jJAnakI utpattimeM kAraNa kaise mAnA jAya? jJAna arthako to jAnatA hai, para arthameM rahanevAlI sva-kAraNatAko nahIM jaantaa| jJAna jaba atIta aura anAgata padArthoM ko jo jJAnakAlameM avidyamAna hai, jAnatA hai; taba to arthakI jJAnake prati kAraNatA apane Apa niHsAra siddha ho jAtI hai / dekhokAmalAdi rogavAleko zuklazaMkhameM avidyamAna polepanakA jJAna hotA hai| maraNonmukha vyaktiko arthake rahanepara bhI jJAna nahIM hotA yA viparItajJAna hotA hai| kSaNika artha to jJAnake prati kAraNa ho hI nahIM sakatA; kyoMki jaba vaha kSaNika honese kAryakAla taka nahIM pahu~catA taba use kAraNa kaise kahA jAya? arthake honepara usake kAlameM jJAna utpanna nahIM huA tathA arthake abhAvameM hI jJAna utpanna huA taba jJAna arthakA kArya kaise mAnA jAya? kArya aura kAraNa eka sAtha to raha hI nahIM skte| yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki-"yadyapi artha naSTa ho cukA hai para vaha apanA AkAra jJAnameM samarpita kara cukaneke kAraNa grAhya hotA hai| padArthameM yaho grAhyatA hai ki vaha jJAnako utpanna kara usameM apanA AkAra arpaNa kre|" kyoMki jJAna amUrta hai vaha mUrta arthake pratibimbako dhAraNa nahIM kara sktaa| mUrta darpaNAdimeM hI mukhAdikA pratibimba AtA hai, amUrtameM mUrtakA nhiiN| yadi
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 49 padArtha se utpanna hone ke kAraNa jJAnameM viSaya pratiniyama ho; to jaba indriya Adise bhI ghaTajJAna utpanna hotA hai taba use ghaTakI taraha indriya Adiko bhI viSaya karanA cAhiye / tadAkAratAse viSayapratiniyama mAnanepara eka arthakA jJAna karanepara usI AkAravAle yAvat samAna arthoMkA parijJAna honA cAhie / tadutpatti aura tadAkAratA milakara yadi viSayaniyAmaka hoM; to ghaTajJAnase utpanna dvitIya ghaTajJAnako, jisameM pUrvajJAnakA AkAra hai tathA jo pUrvajJAnase utpanna bhI huA hai, apane upAdAnabhUta pUrvajJAnako jAnanA cAhiye / para bauddhoM ke sidvAntAnusAra 'jJAnaM jJAnasya na niyAmakam ' - jJAna jJAnakA niyAmaka nahIM hotA / tadadhyavasAya ( anukUla vikalpakA utpanna honA ) se bhI vastukA pratiniyama nahIM hotA; kyoMki zuklazaMkha meM honevAle pItAkArajJAna se utpanna dvitIyajJAnameM tadadhyavasAya dekhA jAtA hai para niyAmakatA nahIM hai / ataH apane-apane kAraNoMse utpanna honevAle artha aura jJAnameM paricchedya - paricchedakabhAva - viSaya - viSayibhAva hotA hai / jaise dIpaka apane tailAdi kAraNoMse prajvalita hokara miTTI Adise utpanna honevAle ghaTAdiko prakAzita karatA hai, usI taraha indriya tathA mana Adi kAraNoMse utpanna jJAna apane kAraNoMse utpanna arthako jAnegA / jaise 'devadatta kAThako chedatA hai' yahA~ apane-apane kAraNoMse utpanna devadatta tathA kASThameM kartR- karmabhAva hai usI taraha sva-svakAraNoMse samutpanna jJeya aura jJAnameM jJApya jJApakabhAva hotA hai malayukta maNi aneka zANa Adi kAraNoMse taratama - nyUnAdhikarUpase nirmala evaM karmayukta AtmAkA jJAna apanI vizuddhike anusAra taratamarUpase prakAzamAna hotA hai, aura apanI kSayopazamarUpa yogyatAke anusAra padArthoMko jAnatA hai / ataH arthako jJAnameM kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / / jaise khadAnase nikalI huI svaccha hotI hai usI taraha AlokakAraNatAnirAsa - AlokajJAnakA viSaya Aloka hotA hai, ataH vaha jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA / jo jJAnakA viSaya hotA hai vaha jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM hotA jaise andhakAra / AlokakA jJAnake sAtha anvaya-vyatireka na honese bhI vaha jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / yadi Aloka jJAnakA kAraNa ho to usake abhAva meM jJAna nahIM honA cAhiye, para andhakArakA jJAna Alokake abhAva meM hI hotA / naktaJcararAtricArI ullU Adiko Alokake abhAva meM hI jJAna hotA hai tathA usake sadbhAvameM nahIM / 'Alokake abhAvameM andhakArakI taraha anya padArtha kyoM nahIM dikhate' isa zaMkAkA uttara yaha hai ki -- andhakAra anya padArthoM kA nirodha karanevAlA hai, ataH Alokake abhAvameM nirodha karanevAlA andhakAra to dikhatA hai para usase niruddha anya padArtha nahIM / jaise eka mahAghaTake nIce do cAra choTe ghaTa rakhe hoM, to mahAghaTake dikhanepara bhI usake nIce rakhe hue choTe ghaTa nahIM dikhate / andhakAra jJAnakA viSaya hai ataH vaha jJAnakA AvaraNa bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / jJAnakA AvaraNa to jJAnAvaraNa karma hI ho sakatA hai / isIke kSayopazamakI taratamatAse jJAnake vikAsa meM tAratamya hotA hai / ataH Alokake sAtha jJAnakA anvayavyatireka na honese Aloka bho jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA / arthAlokakAraNatAviSayaka akalaMkake ina vicAroMkA uttarakAlIna mANikyanandi Adi AcAryoMne prAyaH unhIMke hI zabdoMmeM anusaraNa kiyA 1 pramANakA phala - prazastapAdabhASya tathA nyAyabhASyAdimeM hAna, upAdAna evaM upekSAbuddhiko pramANakA phala kahA hai / samantabhadra, pUjyapAda Adine ajJAnanivRttikA bhI pramANake abhinna phalarUpa se prarUpaNa kiyA hai / akalaMkadeva ajJAnanivRtti ke vidhiparakarUpatattvanirNayakA tathA hAna, upAdAna, upekSAbuddhike sAtha hI parani:zreyasakA bhI pramANake phalarUpase kathana karate haiM / kevalajJAna vItarAga yogiyoMke hotA hai ataH unameM rAgadveSajanya hAnopAdAnakA saMbhava hI nahIM hai, isaliye kevalajJAnakA phala ajJAnanivRtti aura upekSAbuddhi hai / inameM ajJAna nivRtti pramANakA sAkSAt phala hai, zeSa paramparAse / 4-7
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________________ 50 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha 2. prameyanirUpaNa pramANakA viSaya-yadyapi akalaMkadevane pramANake viSayakA nirUpaNa karate samaya laghIyastrayameM dravyaparyAyAtmaka arthako hI prameya batAyA hai, para nyAyavinizcayameM unhoMne dravya-paryAyake sAtha hI sAtha sAmAnya aura vizeSa ye do pada bhI prayukta kie hai| vastumeM do prakArakA astitva hai-1. svarUpAstitva, 2. sA stitva / eka dravyakI paryAyoMko dUsare sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyase asaGkIrNa rakhanevAlA svarUpAstitva hai| jaise eka zAbaleya gau kI haraeka avasthAmeM 'zAbaleya zAbaleya' vyavahAra karAnevAlA tat-zAbaleyatva / isase eka zAbaleya gauvyaktikI paryAe~ anya sajAtIya zAbaleyAdi gauvyaktiyoMse tathA vijAtIya azvAdivyaktiyoMse apanI pRthak sattA rakhatI hai| isIko jaina dravya, dhrauvya, anvaya, UrdhvatAsAmAnya Adi zabdoMse vyavahata karate hai| mAlama to aisA hotA hai ki bauddhoMne santAnazabdakA prayoga ThIka isI artha meM kiyA hai / isI svarUpAstitvako viSaya karanevAlA 'yaha vahI hai' yaha ekatvapratyabhijJAna hotA hai| apanI bhinna-bhinna sattA rakhanevAle padArthoM meM anugatavyavahAra karAnevAlA sAdRzyAstitva hai / jaise bhinna-bhinna gauvyaktiyoMmeM 'gI gauM' isa anugatavyavahArako karAnevAlA sAdhAraNa gotva / ise tiryak sAmAnya kahate haiN| gautvAdi jAtiyA~ sadRzapariNAma rUpa hI hai; nitya eka tathA niraMza nahIM hai| eka dravyako pUrvottara paryAyoMmeM vyAvRttapratyaya paryAyarUpa vizeSake nimittase hotA hai| bhinna sattA rakhanevAle do dravyoMmeM vilakSaNapratyaya vyatirekarUpa vizeSa (dravyagatabheda) se hotA hai| isa taraha do prakArake sAmAnya tathA do prakArake vizeSase yukta vastu pramANakA viSaya hotI hai| aisI ho vastu sat hai / satkA lakSaNa hai-utpAda, vyaya tathA dhrauvyase yukta honA / satko hI dravya kahate haiN| utpAda aura vyaya paryAyakI dRSTise haiM jaba ki dhrauvya guNakI dRSTise / ataH dravyakA guNa-paryAyavattva lakSaNa bhI kiyA gayA hai / dravya eka akhaMDa tattva hai| vaha saMyukta yA rAsAyanika mizraNase taiyAra na hokara maulika hai / usameM bhedavyavahAra karaneke lie deza, dezAMza tathA guNa, guNAMzakI kalpanA kI jAtI hai| jJAna akhaNDadravyako grahaNa bhale hI kara le, para usakA vyavahAra to eka-eka dharmake dvArA hI hotA hai| ina vyavahArArtha kalpita dharmoko guNa zabdase kahate haiM / vaizeSikoMkI taraha guNa koI svatantra padArtha nahIM hai / dravyake sahabhAvI aMza guNa kahalAte haiM, tathA kramase honevAle pariNamana paryAya kahalAte haiN| isa taraha akhaNDa maulika tattvakI dRSTise vastu nitya hokara bhI kramika pariNamanakI apekSAse anitya hai| nityakA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki-vastu pratikSaNa pariNamana karate hue bhI apane svarUpAstitvako nahIM chor3a sktii| kitanA bhI vilakSaNa kyoM na ho jIva kabhI bhI pudgalarUpa nahIM ho sktaa| isa asAMkaryakA niyAmaka hI dravyAMza hai| sAMkhyake apariNAmI kuTastha nitya puruSakI taraha nityatA yahA~ vivakSita nahIM hai aura na bauddhakI taraha sarvathA anityatA hI; jisase vastu sarvathA apariNAmI tathA pUrvakSaNa aura uttarakSaNa marvathA ananvita raha jAte haiN| dhrauvya aura santAna-yahA~ yaha kaha denA Avazyaka hai ki jisa prakAra jaina eka dravyAMza mAnate haiM usI taraha bauddha santAna mAnate haiN| pratyeka paramANu pratikSaNa apanI arthaparyAya rUpase pariNamana karatA hai, usameM aisA koI bhI sthAyI aMza nahIM bacatA jo dvitIya kSaNameM paryAyake rUpameM na badalatA ho / yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki usakA koI eka aMza bilakula aparivartanazIla rahatA hai aura kucha aMza sarvathA parivartanazIla; taba to nitya tathA kSaNika donoM pakSoMmeM die jAnevAle doSa aisI vastumeM aayeNge| kathaJcittAdAtmya sambandha mAnaneke kAraNa paryAyoMke parivartita honepara bhI aparivartiSNu koI aMza ho hI nahIM sktaa| anyathA usa aparivatiSNu aMzase tAdAtmya rakhane ke kAraNa zeSa aMza bhI aparivartanazIla hI hoNge| isa taraha koI eka hI mArga pakar3anA hogA-yA to vastu bilakula nitya mAnI jAya yA bilakula parivartanazIla-cetana bhI acetanarUpase pariNamana karanevAlI / ina donoM antima sImAoMke madhyakA hI vaha mArga hai jise hama dravya kahate haiM /
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha: 51 jona bilakula aparivartanazIla hai aura na itanA vilakSaNa parivartana karanevAlA jisase acetana bhI apanI acetanatvakI sImAko lA~ghakara cetana bana jAe, yA dUsare acetana dravyarUpa ho jAya / athavA eka cetana dUsare sajAtIya cetanarUpa yA vijAtIya acetanarUpa ho jAya / usakI sIdhe zabdoM meM yahI paribhASA ho sakatI hai ki kisI eka dravyake pratikSaNa meM pariNamana karanepara bhI jisake kAraNa usakA dUsare sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyarUpase pariNamana nahIM hotA, usa svarUpAstitvakA hI nAma dravya, dhrauvya yA guNa hai / bauddhake dvArA mAne gae santAnakA bhI yahI kArya hai ki vaha niyata pUrvakSaNakA niyata uttarakSaNake sAtha hI kArya-kAraNabhAva banAtA hai kSaNAntarase nahIM / tAtparya yaha ki isa santAna ke kAraNa eka cetanakSaNa apanI uttara cetanakSaNaparyAyakA hI kAraNa hogA, vijAtIya acetanakSaNakA aura sajAtIya cetanAntarakSaNakA nahIM / isa taraha tAttvika dRSTise dravya yA santAna ke kArya yA upayoga meM koI antara nahIM hai / hA~, antara hai to kevala usake zAbdika svarUpanirUpaNameM | bauddha usa santAnako kAlpanika kahate haiM, jaba ki jaina usa dravyAMzako paryAya kSaNakI taraha vAstavika kahate haiM / sadA kUTastha avikArI nitya artha meM to jaina bhI use vastu nahIM kahate / santAnako samajhAne ke lie bauddhoMne yaha dRSTAnta diyA hai ki - jaise dasa AdamI eka lAinameM khar3e haiM para unameM paMkti jaisI koI eka anusyUta vastu nahIM hai, usI taraha kramika paryAyoMmeM kUTastha nitya koI dravyAMza nahIM hai / para isa dRSTAntakI sthitise dravyakI sthiti kucha vilakSaNa prakAra kI hai / yadyapi yahA~ daza bhinnasattAka puruSoMmeM paMkti nAmakI koI sthAyI vastu nahIM hai phira bhI paMktikA vyavahAra ho jAtA hai / para eka dravyakI kramika paryAe~ dUsare dravyakI paryAyoMse kisI svarUpAstitvarUpa tAttvika aMzake mAne binA asaMkrAnta nahIM raha sakatIM / yahA~ eka puruSa cAhe to isa pakti se nikalakara dUsarI paMkti meM zAmila ho sakatA hai / para koI bhI paryAya cAhanepara bhI dUsare sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyakI paryAyase saMkrAnta nahIM ho sakatI aura apane dravya meM bhI apanA krama chor3akara na Age jA sakatI hai aura na pIche / ataH dravyAMzamAtra paMkti evaM senA AdikI taraha buddhikalpita nahIM hai kintu kSaNakI taraha satya hai / isa taraha dravyaparyAyAtmaka -- utpAda - vyaya - dhrauvyAtmaka vastu arthakriyAkArI hai, sarvathA kSaNika tathA sarvathA nitya vastu arthakriyAkArI nahIM ho sakatI / ddha satkA lakSaNa arthakriyAkAritva karate haiM / arthakriyA do prakArase hotI hai - 1. kramase, 2. yaugapadyarUpa se / unakA kahanA hai ki nitya vastu na kramase hI arthakriyA kara sakatI hai aura na yugapat / ataH artha - kriyAkAritva rUpa sattvake abhAva meM vaha asat hI siddha hotI hai / nitya vastu sadA ekarUpa rahatI hai, ataH jaba vaha samartha honese sabhI kAryoMko yugapat utpanna kara degI, taba kAryoM meM bheda nahIM ho sakegA; kyoMki kAryoM meM bheda kAraNake bhedase hotA hai / jaba kAraNa eka evaM aparivartanazIla hai taba kAryabhedakA vahA~ avasara hI nahIM hai / yadi vaha yugapat arthakriyA kare; to sabhI kArya eka hI kSaNa meM utpanna ho jAyeMge, taba dUsare kSaNa meM nitya akiJcitkara ThaharegA / isa taraha kramayaugapadyase arthakriyAkA virodha honese nitya asat hai / akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki yadi nityameM arthakriyA nahIM banatI to sarvathA kSaNika meM bhI to usake banekI guMjAiza nahIM hai| kSaNikavastu ekakSaNa taka ho ThaharatI hai, ataH jo jisa deza tathA jisa kAlameM hai vaha usI deza tathA kAlameM naSTa ho jAtI hai / isaliye jaba vaha dezAntara yA kAlAntara taka kisI bhI rUpa meM nahIM jAtI taba dezakRta yA kAlakRta krama usameM nahIM A sakatA, ataH usameM kramase arthakriyA nahIM banegI / niraMza honese usameM eka sAtha anekasvabhAva to raheMge ho nahIM; ataH yugapat bhI aneka kAryaM kaise ho sakate haiM ? eka svabhAvase to eka 'kArya 'sakegA / kAraNa meM nAnA zaktiyA~ mAne binA kAryoM meM nAnAtva nahIM A sakatA / isa taraha sarvathA kSaNika tathA nitya donoM vastuoM meM arthakriyA nahIM ho sakatI / arthakriyA to
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________________ 52 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti granthaM ubhayAtmaka - nityAnityAtmaka vastumeM hI saMbhava hai / kSaNikameM anvita rUpa nahIM hai tathA nityameM utpAda aura vyaya nahIM haiM / ubhayAtmaka vastumeM hI krama, yaugapadya tathA aneka zaktiya saMbhava hai / arthanirUpaNa ke prasaMga meM akalaMkane vibhramavAda, saMvedanAdvaitavAda, paramANurUpaarthavAda, avayavase bhinna avayavavivAda, anyApohAtmaka sAmAnyavAda, nityaika sarvagata- sAmAnyavAda, prasaMgase bhUtacaitanyavAda AdikA samAlocana kiyA hai / jisakA sAra yaha hai--- vibhramavAda nirAsa - svapnAdi vibhramakI taraha samasta jJAna vibhrama haiM / jisa prakAra svapna meM yA jAdU ke khela meM athavA mRgatRSNA meM anekoM padArtha satyarUpase pratibhAsita to hote haiM, para unakI vahA~ koI vAstavika sattA nahIM hai, mAtra pratibhAma hI pratibhAsa hotA hai, usI taraha ghaTapaTAdi jJAnoMke viSayabhUta ghaTapaTAdi artha bhI apanI pAramArthika sattA nahIM rakhate / anAdikAlIna vikalpavAsanA ke vicitra paripAkase hI saba vibhramarUpa hI haiM / inake matase kisI bhI artha aura vaha saba bhrAnta hai / isakA khaMDana karate hue akalaMkadevane isa vAkyakA artha vibhrama rUpa hai, ki taba to sabhI arthoMkI sattA avibhrama-satya siddha ho vastue~ vibhramAtmaka kahA~ huIM ? kama-se-kama ukta anekAneka arthaM pratibhAsita hote haiM / vastutaH ve jJAnakI sattA nahIM hai, jitanA grAhya grAhakAkAra hai likhA hai ki- 'svapnAdi vibhramakI taraha samasta jJAna vibhrama rUpa satya ? yadi ukta vAkyakA artha vibhrama - mithyA hai; jaaygii| yadi ukta vAkyakA artha satya hai; to samasta vAkyakA artha to svarUpa sat huA / isI taraha anya vastue~ bhI svarUpa sat siddha hoMgI / saMvedanAdvaitavAda nirasana - jJAnAdvaitavAdI mAtra jJAnakI vAstavika sattA mAnate haiM bAhyArtha kI nahIM / jJAna hI anAdikAlIna vikalpavAsanA ke kAraNa anekAkAra artharUpase pratibhAsita hotA hai / jaise indrajAla gandharvanagara Adi meM avidyamAna bhI AkAra pratibhAsita hote haiM usI taraha jJAnase bhinna ghaTAdi padArtha apanI prAtibhAsikI sattA rakhate haiM pAramArthikI nahIM / isI abhinnajJAna meM pramANa- prameya Adi bheda kalpita hote haiM, ataH yaha grAhya grAhakarUpase pratibhAsita hotA hai / isakI samAlocanA karate hue akalaMkadeva likhate haiM ki-tathokta advayajJAna svataH pratibhAsita hotA hai, yA parataH ? yadi svataH pratibhAsita ho; taba to vivAda hI nahIM honA caahie| ApakI taraha brahmavAdI bhI apane brahmakA bhI svataH pratibhAsa hI to kahate haiM / parataH pratibhAsa to parake binA nahIM ho sakatA / parako svIkAra karanepara dvaitaprasaMga hogA / indrajAladRSTa padArthaM tathA bAhyasat padArthoM meM itanA moTA bheda hai ki usameM striyA~ tathA Dhora carAnevAle gvAle Adi mUr3hajana bhI bhrAnta nahIM ho sakate / ve bAhyasatya padArthoMko prAptakara apanI AkAMkSAe~ zAnta kara santoSakA anubhava karate haiM jaba ki indrajAladRSTa padArthoM se koI artha kayA yA santoSAnubhava nahIM hotaa| ve to pratibhAsakAlameM ho asat mAlUma hote haiM / advaya jJAnavAdiyoMko pratibhAsakI sAmagrI - pratipattA, pramANa, vicAra Adi to mAnanA hI cAhie, anyathA pratibhAsa kaise ho sakegA ? advayajJAnameM artha - anartha, tattva atattva Adiko vyavasthA na honese tagrAhI jJAnoM meM pramANatA yA apramAtA bhI nizcita nahIM kI jA sakegI / parvatAdi bAhya padArthoMko vikalpavAsanAprasUta kahane se unameM mUrtatva, sthUlatva, sapratighatva Adi dharma kaise saMbhava ho sakate haiM ? yadi viSAdi padArtha bAhyasat nahIM haiM kevala jJAnarUpa hI haiM; taba unake khAnese mRtyu Adi kaise ho jAte haiM ? viSake jJAnamAtrase to mRtyu nahIM dekhI jAtI / pratipAdyarUpa AtmAntarakI sattA mAne binA zAstropadeza AdikA kyA upayoga hogA ? jaba parapratipattike upAyabhUta vacana hI nahIM hai; taba parapratipAdana kaise saMbhava hai ? isI taraha grAhya grAhakabhAva, bAdhya - bAdhakabhAva Adi advaita bAdhaka haiM / advayasiddhike lie sAdhyasAdhanabhAva to Apako mAnanA hI cAhie; anyathA sahopa
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 53 lambhaniyama Adi hetuoMse advayasiddhi kaise karoge? sahopalambhaniyama-artha aura jJAna donoM eka sAtha upalabdha hote haiM ataH artha aura jJAna abhinna haiM, jaise dvicandrajJAnameM pratibhAsita honevAle do candra vastutaH pRthak sattA nahIM rakhate, kintu eka hI haiN|' yaha anumAna bhI saMvedanAdvaitakI siddhi karane meM asamartha hai| yataH sahopalambha hetu viruddha hai-'ziSyake sAtha guru AyA' isa prayogameM sahopalambhaniyama bheda honepara hI dekhA gayA hai| jJAna antaraMgameM cetanAkAratayA tathA artha bAhya dezameM jaDarUpase dekhA jAtA hai ataH unakA sahopalambhaniyama asiddha hai| bAhyasat ekacandrake svIkAra kie binA dvicandra dRSTAnta bhI nahIM bana sakatA / sahopalambhaniyamakA bhedake sAtha koI virodha nahIM honeke kAraNa vaha anaikAntika bhI hai| jJAnAdvaitavAdI bAhyapadArthake astitvameM nimna bAdhaka upasthita karate haiM ki-eka paramANu anyaparamANuoMse ekadezase saMyoga karegA, yA sarvAtmanA? ekadezase saMyoga mAnanepara chaha paramANuoMse saMyoga karanevAle paramANuke chaha deza ho jaayeNge| sarvAtmanA saMyoga mAnanepara paramANuoMkA piNDa ekaparamANurUpa ho jAyagA / isI taraha avayavI apane avayavoMmeM ekadezase rahegA, yA sarvAtmanA ? ekadezase rahanepara avayavIke utane hI deza mAnane hoMge jitane ki avayava hai| sarvAtmanA pratyeka avayavameM rahanepara jitane avayava haiM utane hI avayavI ho jaayNge| avayavI yadi niraMza hai, to raktArakta, calAcala Adi viruddhadharmokA adhyAsa honese usameM bheda ho jAyagA / ityAdi / akalaMkadevane inakA samAdhAna saMkSepameM yaha kiyA hai ki jisa taraha eka jJAna apane grAhya, grAhaka aura saMvidAkArase tAdAtmya rakhakara bhI eka rahatA hai, usI taraha avayavI apane avayavoMmeM kathaJcittAdAtmya sambandhase rahanepara bhI eka hI rhegaa| avayavoMse sarvathA bhinna avayavI to jaina bhI nahIM mAnate / paramANuoMmeM paraspara snigdhatA aura rUkSatAke kAraNa eka aisA vilakSaNa sambandha hotA hai jisase skandha banatA hai / ataH jJAnake atirikta bAhyapadArthakI sattA mAnanA hI caahie| kyoMki saMsArake samasta vyavahAra bAhyasat padArthoMse calate haiM, kevala jJAnamAtrase nhiiN| paramANusaMcayavAda nirAsa-sautrAntika jJAnase atirikta bAhyArtha mAnate haiM, para ve bAhyArthako sthira, sthUlarUpa nahIM mAnakara kSaNika paramANurUpa mAnate haiN| paramANu oMkA puMja hI atyanta Asanna honeke kAraNa sthUlarUpase mAlUma hotA hai / jaise pRthak sthita aneka vRkSa dUrase eka sthUlarUpameM pratibhAsita hote haiM / akalaMkadeva isakA khaMDana karate hue likhate haiM ki jaba pratyeka paramANu atIndriya hai aura vaha apane paramANutvako chor3akara skandha avasthAmeM nahIM AtA taba unakA samudAya pratyakSakA viSaya kaise ho sakegA? atIndriya vastuoMkA samudAya bhI apanI atIndriyatA-sUkSmatA chor3akara sthUlatA dhAraNa kie binA indriyagamya nahIM ho sktaa| bhinnaavayavavivAda nirAsa-naiyAyika avayavIko avayavoMse bhinna mAnakara bhI usakI avayavoMmeM samavAyasambandhase vRtti mAnate haiN| ve avayavIko niraMza evaM nitya svIkAra karate hai| akalaMkadeva kahate hai ki-avayavoMse bhinna koI avayavI pratyakSAdi pramANoMkA viSaya nahIM hotaa| 'vRkSameM zAkhAe~ haiM' yaha pratibhAsa to hotA hai para 'zAkhAoMmeM vRkSa hai' yaha eka nirAlI ho kalpanA hai| yadi avayavI atirikta ho; to eka-eka chaTAka vajanavAle cAra avayavoMse bane hue skandhameM avayavoMke cAra chaTAka vajanake atirikta kucha avayavIkA bhI vajana AnA cAhiye / avayava tathA avayavIkA rUpa bhI pRthak-pRthak dikhanA cAhie / niraMza avayavIke eka dezako raMganepara pUrA avayavI ra~gA jAnA caahie| usake eka dezameM kriyA honepara samasta avayavImeM kriyA honA caahiye| usake eka dezakA AvaraNa honepara pUre avayavIko AvRta ho jAnA
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________________ 54 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha caahie| isa taraha viruddha dharmoMkA adhyAsa honese usameM ekatva nahIM raha sktaa| ataH avayavoMse sarvathA bhinna avayavI kisI bhI taraha pratyakSakA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA / isaliye pratIti ke anusAra avayavoMse kathaJcidbhinna-avayavarUpa hI avayavI mAnanA caahie| isa taraha guNa-paryAyavAlA, utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka padArtha hI pramANakA viSaya hotA hai| guNa sahabhAvI tathA paryAe~ kramabhAvI hote haiM / jaise bhedajJAnase vastuke utpAda aura vyayakI pratIti hotI hai usI taraha abhedajJAnase sthiti bhI pratibhAsita hotI hI hai| jisa prakAra sarpa apanI sIdhI, TeDI, utphaNa, viphaNa Adi avasthAoM meM anusyUta eka sat hai usI taraha utpanna aura vilIna honevAlI paryAyoMmeM dravya anugata rahatA hai| abhinna pratibhAsa honese vastu eka hai| viruddha dharmokA adhyAsa honese aneka hai| vastu amuka sthUla aMzase pratyakSa honepara bhI apanI sUkSmaparyAyoMkI apekSAse apratyakSa rahatI hai| vastu ke dhrauvya aMzake kAraNa hI 'sa evAyam' yaha pratyabhijJAna hotA hai| upAdAnopAdeyabhAva bhI dhrauvyAMzake mAnanepara hI bana sakatA hai| vastu jisa rUpase uttaraparyAyameM anvita hogI usI rUpa se usameM upAdAnatAkA nizcaya hotA hai| yadyapi zabdAdikA upAdAna tathA Age honevAlA upAdeyabhUta kArya pratyakSagocara nahIM hai, tathApi usakI madhyakSaNavartI sattA hI usake upAdAnakA tathA Age honevAle upAdeyarUpa kAryakA anumAna karAtI hai| kyoMki upAdAnake binA kAryakI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI tathA madhyakSaNa yadi Age koI kArya na karegA; to vaha arthakriyAkAritvake abhAvameM avastu hI ho jAyagA / ataH dravyaparyAyAtmaka vastu hI pramANakA viSaya ho sakatI hai| sAmAnya-naiyAyika-vaizeSika nitya, eka, sarvagata sAmAnya mAnate haiM, jo svatantra padArtha hokara bhI dravya, guNa aura karmameM samavAyasambandhase rahatA hai| mImAMsaka aise hI sAmAnyakA vyaktise tAdAtmya mAnate haiN| bauddha sAmAnyako vastubhUta na mAnakara use atadvayAvRtti yA anyApoharUpa svIkAra karate haiN| jaina sadRza pariNamanako sAmAnya kahate haiN| ve use anekAnugata na kahakara vyaktisvarUpa mAnate haiN| vaha vyaktikI taraha anitya tathA asarvagata hai| akalaMkadevane sAmAnyakA svarUpa varNana karate hue itara matoMko AlocanA isa prakAra kI hai-- nitya-sAmAnyanirAsa-nitya, eka, niraMza sAmAnya yadi sarvagata hai; to use pratyeka vyaktimeM khaMDazaH rahanA hogA; kyoMki eka ho vastu aneka jagaha yugapat sarvAtmanA nahIM raha sktii| nitya niraMza sAmAnya jisa samaya eka vyaktimeM prakaTa hotA hai; usI samaya use sarvatra vyaktike antarAlameM bhI prakaTa honA cAhiye / anyathA vyakta aura avyaktarUpase svarUpabheda honepara anityatva evaM sAMzatvakA prasaMga hai taraha sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya bhinna sattAke samavAyake binA bhI svataH sat haiM usI taraha dravya, guNa aura karma bhI svataH sat hokara 'sat sat' aisA anugata vyavahAra bhI karA sakate hai / ataH dravyAdike svarUpase atirikta sAmAnya na mAnakara sadRzapariNAmarUpa hI sAmAnya mAnanA caahie| __anyApoha nirAsa-bauddha sAmAnyako anyApoharUpa mAnate haiN| inake matase koI bhI eka vastu aneka AdhAroMmeM vRtti hI nahIM rakha sakatI, ataH aneka AdhAroMmeM vatti rakhanevAlA sAmAnya asata hai| sAmAnya anugata vyavahArake lie mAnA jAtA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki hamalogoMko paraspara vibhinna vastuoMke dekhane ke bAda jo buddhimeM abhedakA bhAna hotA hai, usI buddhimeM pratibimbita abhedakA nAma sAmAnya hai| yaha buddhipratibimbita abheda bhI koI vidhyAtmaka dharma nahIM hai, kintu atadvayAvRttirUpa hai / jina vyaktiyoMmeM amanuSyavyAvRtti pAI jAtI hai unameM 'manuSya manuSya' vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| jaise cakSu, Aloka aura rUpa Adi padArtha parasparameM atyanta bhinna hokara bhI arUpajJAnajananavyAvRtti honeke kAraNa rUpajJAnajanakarUpase
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha: 55 samAna vyavahAra meM kAraNa ho jAte haiM, usI taraha paraspara meM atyanta bhinna manuSyavyaktiyA~ bhI amanuSyavyAvRttike kAraNa 'manuSya manuSya' aisA samAna vyavahAra kara skeNgii| isI taraha atatkArya-kAraNavyAvRttise anugata vyavahAra hotA hai / prakRta manuSyavyaktiyA~ manuSya ke kAraNoMse utpanna huI haiM tathA manuSyake kAryoMko karatI haiM, ataH unameM amanuSyakAraNavyAvRtti tathA amanuSyakAryavyAvRtti pAI jAtI hai, isIse unameM kisI vastubhUta sAmAnya ke binA bhI sadRza vyavahAra ho jAtA hai / akalaMkadeva isakA khaMDana karate haiM ki - sadRzapariNAmarUpa vidhyAtmaka sAmAnyake mAne binA apohakA niyama hI nahIM ho sktaa| jaba eka zAbaleya gauvyakti dUsarI bAhuleya gauvyakti se utanI hI bhinna hai| jitanI ki eka azvavyaktise, taba kyA kAraNa hai ki agovyAvRtti zAbaleya aura bAhule yameM hI 'gogo' aisA anugata vyavahAra karatI hai azva meM nahIM ? ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki zAbaleya gau bAhuleya gause utanI bhinna nahIM hai jitanI azvase, arthAt zAbaleya aura bAhuleya meM koI aisA sAdRzya hai jo azvameM nahIM pAyA jaataa| isalie sadRza pariNAma ho samAna vyavahArakA niyAmaka ho sakatA hai / yaha to hama pratyakSase hI dekhate haiM ki koI vastu kisIse samAna hai tathA kisIse vilakSaNa | buddhi samAnadharmo kI apekSAse anugata vyavahAra karAtI hai, tathA vilakSaNa dharmoMko apekSAse visadRza vyavahAra / para vaha samAnadharma fasttmaka hai niSedhAtmaka nahIM / bauddha jaba svayaM aparAparakSaNoMmeM sAdRzyake kAraNa hI ekatvakA bhAna mAnate haiM, zuktikA aura cAMdImeM sAdRzyake kAraNa hI bhramotpatti svIkAra karate haiM; taba anugata vyavahAra ke lie atadvyAvRtti jaisI niSedhamukhI kalpanAse kyA lAbha ? kyoMki usakA nirvAha bhI Akhira sadRza - pariNAma ke ho A A par3atA hai / buddhi meM abhedakA pratibimba vastugata sadRza dharma ke mAne binA yathArthatA nahIM pA sakatA / ataH sadRzapariNAmarUpa hI sAmAnya mAnanA cAhie / isa taraha akalaMkadevane sadRzapariNAmarUpa tiryaksAmAnya, ekadravyarUpa Urdhva tAsAmAnya, bhinnadravyoM meM vilakSaNa vyavahArakA prayojaka vizeSa aura eka dravyakI do paryAyoMmeM bheda vyavahAra karAnevAle paryAya ina dravya, paryAya, sAmAnya aura vizeSa cAra padoMkA upAdAna karake pramANake viSayabhUta padArtha kI sampUrNatAkA pratipAdana kiyA hai / bhUtacaitanyavAda nirAsa - cArvAkakA siddhAnta hai ki- jIva koI svatantra maulika tattva nahIM hai kintu pRthivI, jala, agni aura vAyuke amuka pramANa meM vilakSaNa rAsAyanika mizraNase hI unhIM pRthivyAdimeM caitanyazakti AvirbhUta ho jAtI hai| isI jJAnazaktiviziSTa bhUta-zarIrameM jIva vyavahAra hotA hai| jisa prakAra kodoM, mahuA AdimeM jalAdikA mizraNa honese madirA taiyAra ho jAtI hai usI taraha jIva eka rAsAyanika mizraNa se banA huA saMyukta dravya hai svatantra akhaNDa mUladravya nahIM hai / usa mizraNa meMse amuka tattvoM kI kamI honepara jIvanIzakti naSTa honepara mRtyu jAtI hai| ataH jIva garbha se lekara mRtyuparyanta hI rahatA hai, paraloka taka jAnevAlA nahIM / usako zarIra ke sAtha hI sAtha kyA zarIrake pahile hI itizrI ho jAtI hai, zarIra to mRtyu ke bAda bhI par3A rahatA hai / "jalabudbudavajjIvAH, madazaktivadvijJAnam " -jala ke budbudoMkI taraha jIva tathA mahuA AdimeM mAdakazaktikI taraha jJAna utpanna hotA hai-- ye unake mUla siddhAntasUtra haiM / akalaMkadeva isakI samAlocanA karate hue likhate haiM ki yadi AtmA jIva svatantra mUla tattva na ho to saMsAra aura mokSa kise hogA ? zarIrAvasthAko prApta pRthivyAdi bhUta to isa lokameM hI bhasmIbhUta ho jAte haiM, paraloka taka kauna jAyagA ? paralokakA abhAva to nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; kyoMki Aja bhI bahuta loga jAtismaraNa hone se apane pUrvabhavakI tathyasthitikA A~khoMdekhA hAla varNana karate hue dekhe jAte haiM / yakSa, rAkSasa, bhUta pizAcAdi paryAyoMmeM pahu~ce hue vyakti apanI vartamAna tathA atItakAlIna pUrvaparyAyakA samasta
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________________ 56 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha vRttAnta sunAte haiM / janma lete hI navajAtazizuko mA~ke dUdha pInekI abhilASA hotI hai| yaha abhilASA pUrvAnubhAvake binA nahIM ho sakatI; kyoMki abhilASA pUrvadRSTa padArthakI sukhasAdhanatAkA smaraNa karake hotI hai / ataH pUrvAnubhavakA sthAna paraloka mAnanA cAhiye / "garbha meM mA~ke dvArA upabhukta bhojanAdise bane hue amuka vilakSaNa rasavizeSake grahaNa karanese navajAtazizuko janma lete hI dugdhapAnakI ora pravRtti hotI hai" yaha kalpanA nitAnta yuktiviruddha hai; kyoMki garbha meM rasavizeSake grahaNa karanese hI yadi abhilASA hotI hai to garbha mAtha rahanevAle. eka sAtha hI rasavizeSako grahaNa karanevAle yugala patroMmeM paraspara pratyabhijJAna evaM abhilASA honI cAhie, ekake dvArA anubhUta vastukA dUsareko smaraNa honA caahie| pratyeka pRthivI Adi bhUtameM to caitanyazaktikA AvirbhAva nahIM dekhA jAtA ataH samastabhUtoMke amuka mizraNameM hI jaba eka vilakSaNa atIndriya svabhAvasiddha zakti mAnanI par3atI hai taba aise vilakSaNazaktizAlI atIndriya Atmatattvake mAnane meM hI kyA bAdhA hai ? jJAna prANayukta zarIrakA bhI dharma nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki andhakArameM zarIrakA pratyakSa na honepara bhI 'ahaM jJAnavAna' isa prakArase jJAnakA antaH mAnasapratyakSa hotA hai| yadi jJAnarUpase zarIrakA grahaNa hotA; to kadAcit jJAna zarIrakA dharma mAnA jAtA / dUsarA vyakti apane netroMse hamAre zarIrakA jJAna kara letA hai para zarIrake rUpAdikI taraha vaha hamAre jJAnakA jJAna nahIM kara sktaa| zarIrameM vikAra honepara bhI buddhi meM vikAra nahIM dekhA jAtA, zarIrakI puSTi yA kamajorImeM jJAnakI puSTi yA kamajorI nahIM dekhI jAtI, zarIrake atizaya balavAn hone ke sAtha hI sAtha buddhibala bar3hatA huA nahIM dekhA jAtA, ityAdi kAraNoM sunizcita hai ki-jJAna zarIrakA gaNa nahIM hai| jJAna, sUkha Adi indriyoMke bhI dharma nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki cakSurAdi indriyoMkI anupayukta dazAmeM manase hI 'maiM sukhI hU~' maiM 'duHkhI hU~' yaha mAnasa pratyakSa anubhavameM AtA hai / cakSurAdi indriyoMkI zakti naSTa ho jAnepara bhI mAnasa smaraNajJAna dekhA jAtA hai / ataH jIvanazakti yA jJAnazakti bhUtoMkA guNa yA paryAya nahIM ho sakatI, vaha to AtmAkI hI paryAya hai| yaha jIva jJAna-darzanAdi upayogavAlA hai / suSuptAdi avasthAoMmeM bhI isakA jJAna naSTa nahIM hotaa| akalaMkadevane 'suSuptAdau buddhaH' isa padakA upAdAna karake prajJAkaragupta Adike 'suSuptAvasthAmeM jJAna naSTa yA tirohita ho jAtA hai| isa siddhAntakA khaMDana kiyA hai / yaha AtmA prANAdiko dhAraNa karake jItA hai isalie jIva kahalAtA hai / jIva svayaM apane karmoMkA kartA tathA bhoktA hai| vahI rAgAdibhAvoMse karmabandhana karatA hai tathA vItarAgapariNAmoMse karmabandhana tor3akara mukta ho jAtA hai| yaha na to sarvavyApI hai aura na baTabIjakI taraha aNurUpa hI; kintu apane upAttazarIrake parimANAnusAra madhyama-parimANavAlA hai| karmasambandhake kAraNa pradezoMke saMkoca-vistAra honese choTe-bar3e zarIrake parimANa hotA rahatA hai guNa--isI prasaMgameM guNa aura guNIke sarvathA bhedakA khaNDana karate hue likhA ki-artha anekadharmAtmaka hai / usakA akhaNDarUpase grahaNa karanA kadAcit saMbhava hai, para kathana yA vyavahAra to usake kisI khAsa rUpadharmase hI hotA hai / isI vyavahArArtha bhedarUpase vivakSita dharmako guNa kahate haiN| guNa dravyakA hI pariNamana hai, vaha svatantra padArtha nahIM hai| cUMki guNa padArthake dharma haiM ataH ye svayaM nirguNa-guNazUnya hote haiN| yadi guNa svatantra padArtha mAnA jAya aura vaha bhI dravyase sarvathA bhinna; to 'amukaguNa-jJAna amukaguNI-AtmAmeM hI rahatA hai pRthivyAdimeM nahIM' isakA niyAmaka kauna hogA? isakA niyAmaka to yahI hai ki-jJAnakA AtmAse hI kathaMcittAdAtmya hai ataH vaha AtmAmeM hI rahatA hai pRthivyAdimeM nhiiN| vaizeSikake matameM 'eka gandha, do rUpa' Adi prayoga nahIM ho sakeMge; kyoMki gandha, rUpa tathA saMkhyA Adi sabhI guNa haiM, aura guNa svayaM nirguNa hote hai| yadi AzrayabhUta dravyakI saMkhyAkA ekArthasamavAya sambandhake kAraNa rUpAdimeM upacAra karake 'eka gandha'
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 57 isa prayogakA nirvAha kiyA jAyagA; 'to eka dravyameM rUpAdi bahata guNa hai' yaha prayoga asaMbhava ho jAyagA; kyoMki rUpAdi bahuta guNoMke AzrayabhUta dravyameM to ekatvasaMkhyA hai bahutvasaMkhyA nahIM / ataH guNako svatantra padArtha na mAnakara dravyakA hI dharma mAnanA cAhie / dharma apane Azrayabhata dharmIkI apekSAse dharma honepara bhI apane meM rahanevAle anya dharmokI apekSAse dharmI bhI ho jAtA hai / jaise rUpaguNa AzrayabhUta ghaTakI apekSAse yadyapi dharma hai para apane meM pAye jAnevAle ekatva, prameyatva Adi dharmokI apekSA dharmI hai| ataH jaina siddhAntameM dharmadharmibhAvake aniyata honeke kAraNa 'eka gandha do rUpa' Adi prayoga bar3I AsAnIse baca jAte haiM / iti / 3. nayanirUpaNa jainadaSTikA AdhAra aura sthAna-bhAratIya saMskRti mukhyataH do bhAgoM meM bA~TI jA sakatI hai-eka vaidika saMskRti aura dUsarI usake mukAbilemeM khar3I huI zramaNasaMskRti / vaidikasaMskRtike AdhArabhUta vedako pramANa mAnanevAle nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, pUrvamImAMsA tathA aupaniSada Adi darzana haiN| zramaNasaMskRtike zilAdhAra vedako pramANatAkA virodha karanevAle bauddha aura jainadarzana haiN| vaidikadarzana tathA vaidikasaMskRtike prANapratiSThAnameM vicAroMkI pradhAnatA hai| zramaNasaMskRti evaM avaidika darzanoMkI udabhati AcArazodhanake prAmukhyase huI hai| sabhI darzanoMkA antima lakSya mokSa hai, aura gauNa yA makhyarUpase tattvajJAnako mokSakA sAdhana bhI sabane mAnA ho hai| vaidika saMskRti tathA vaidikadarzanoMkI prANapratiSThA, saMvarddhana evaM praur3hIkaraNameM buddhijIvI brAhmaNavargane puztainI prayatna kiyA hai jo Ajataka nyUnAdhika rUpameM cAla hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vaidikadarzanakA koSAgAra, unakI sUkSmatA, talasparzitA, bhAvagrAhitA evaM parAkASThAko prApta kalpanAoMkA koTikrama apanI sAnI kama rakhatA hai| paramparAgata-baddhijIvitvazAlI brAhmaNavargane apanI sArI zakti kalpanAjAlakA vikAsa karake vedaprAmANyake samarthana meM lagAI aura vaidika kriyAkANDoMke dvArA garbhase lekara maraNa paryantake jIvanake pratyekakSaNako itanA otaprota kara diyA jisase mukAbile meM khar3I honevAlI bauddha aura jainasaMskRti bhI pIche jAkara ina kriyAkANDoMse aMzataH parAbhUta ho gii| zramaNasaMskRti vaidika kriyAkANDa, khAsakara dharmake nAmapara honevAle ajAmedha, azvamedha, naramedha Adi hiMsAkANDakA tAttvika evaM kriyAtmaka virodha karaneke lie udbhata huI, aura usane isa kSetrameM paryApta saphalatA bhI pAI / zramaNasaMskRtikA AdhAra pUrNarUpase ahiMsA rahI hai / ahiMsAkA vAstavika rUpa to sacamuca AcAragata hI hai / ahiMsAkA vicAra to vaidikadarzanoMne bhI kAphI kiyA hai para viziSTa apavAdoMke sAtha / zramaNasaMskRti ahiMsAkA sakriya rUpa thii| isa ahiMsAkI sAdhanA tathA pUrNatAke lie hI isameM tattvajJAnakA upayoga huA, jaba ki vaidika saMskRtimeM tattvajJAna sAdhyarUpameM rahA hai| bauddhadRSTi-buddha ahiMsAkI sAdhanAke lie prArambhameM chaha varSa taka kaThora tapasyA karate haiM / jaba unakA bhAvuka citta tapasyAkI ugratAse Uba jAtA hai, taba ve vicAra karate haiM ki-itanI dIrghatapasyAke bAda bhI majhe bodhilAbha kyoM nahIM haA ? yahIM unakI tIkSNadRSTi 'madhyama pratipadA' ko pakar3a letI hai| ve nizcaya karate haiM ki-yadi eka ora vaidika hiMsA tathA viSaya bhoga Adike dvArA zarIrake poSaNakA bolabAlA hai to isa ora bhI avyavahArya ahiMsA tathA bhISaNa kAyaklezake dvArA honevAlA zarIrakA zoSaNa hRdayakI komalabhAvanAoMke srotako hI banda kie detA hai| ataH ina donoMke madhyakA hI mArga sarvasAdhAraNako vyavahArya ho sakatA hai| Antarika zuddhike lie hI bAhya ugratapasyAkA upayoga honA cAhie, jisase bAhyatapa hI hamArA sAdhya na bana jAya / dayAlu buddha isa madhyamamArga dvArA apane AcArako mudu banAte haiM aura vodhilAbha kara jagatmeM mRdu-ahiMsAkA sandeza phailAte haiN| tAtparya yaha ki-buddhane apane AcArakI mRdutA 4-8
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________________ 58 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha ke samAdhAnake lie 'madhyamapratipadA' kA upayoga kiyaa| isa tattvakA upayoga buddhane Akhira taka AcArake hI kSetra taka sImita rakhA, use vicArake kSetrameM dAkhila karanekA prayatna nahIM huaa| jaba bodhilAbha karaneke bAda saMgharacanAkA prazna AyA, ziSyaparivAra dIkSita hone lagA tathA upadezaparamparA cAla huI, taba bhI buddhane kisI AtmAdi atIndriya padArthakA tAttvika vivecana nahIM kiyA; kintu apane dvArA anubhUta duHkha nivRttike mArgakA hI upadeza diyaa| jaba koI ziSya unase AtmA Adi atIndriya padArtha ke viSayameM prazna karatA thA to ve spaSTa kaha dete the ki-"Avusa ! tuma ina AtmA Adiko jAnakara kyA karoge? inake jAnanese koI phAyadA nahIM hai| tumheM to duHkhase chUTanA hai, ataH duHkha, samudaya-duHkhake kAraNa, nirodha-duHkhanivRtti aura mArga-duHkhanivRttikA upAya ina cAra AryasatyoMko jAnanA cAhie tathA AcaraNa kara bodhilAbha karanA caahie|" unheM buddhijIvI brAhmaNa vargakI taraha baiTheThAle ananta kalpanAjAla racake darzanazAstra banAneke bajAya ahiMsAkI AMzika sAdhanA hI zreyaskara mAlama hotI thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve darzanazAstrIya AtmAdi padArthoke tattvavivecanake jhagar3eko nirupayogI samajhakara usameM nahIM par3e / aura unhoMne apanI nadhyama-pratipadAkA upayoga usa samayake pracalitavAdoMke samanvayameM nahIM kiyaa| usa samaya AtmAdi padArthoM ke viSayameM anekoM vAda pracalita the| koI use kUTastha nitya mAnatA thA to koI use bhatavikAramAtra, koI vyApaka kahatA thA to koI annuruup| para buddha ina saba vAdoMke khaMDana-maMDanase koI sarokAra hI na rakhate the, ve to kevala ahiMsAkI sAdhanAkI hI raTa lagAe hue the| para jaba koI ziSya apane AcaraNa tathA saMghake niyamoMmeM madutA lAneke lie unake sAmane apanI kaThinAiyA~ peza karatA thA ki-'bhante ! Ajakala varSAkAla hai, eka saMghATaka-cIvara rakhanese to vaha pAnImeM bhoMga jAtA hai, aura usase zItakI bAdhA hotI hai| ataH do cIvara rakhanekI anujJA dI jAya / hameM bAhira snAna karate hue loka-lAjakA anubhava hotA hai, ataH jantAghara (snAnagRha) banAne kI anujJA dI jAya ityaadi| taba buddhakA mAtahRdaya apane pyAre baccoMkI kaThinAiyA~ sunakara turanta pasIja jAtA thaa| ve yahA~ apanI 'madhyamapratipadA' kA upayoga karate haiM aura unakI kaThinAiyA~ hala karaneke lie unheM anujJA de dete haiM / isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki-buddhakI madhyamapratipadA kevala AcArakI samAdhAnIke lie upayukta hotI thI, vaha AcArakA vyavahAryase vyavahArya mArga DhUMr3hatI thii| usane vicArake aparimita kSetrameM apanA kArya bahuta kama kiyaa| jaba buddhane svayaM 'madhyamapratipadA' vicArake kSetroMmeM dAkhila nahIM kiyA taba uttarakAlIna bauddhAcAryoMse to isakI AzA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI thii| buddhake upadezoMmeM Ae hue kSaNika, nirAtmaka, vibhrama, paramANupuJja, vijJAna, zUnya Adi eka-eka zabdako lekara uttarakAlIna bauddhAcAryoMne ananta kalpanAjAlase kSaNikavAda, nairAtmyavAda, vibhramavAda, vijJAnavAna, zunyavAda Adi vAdoMko janma dekara darzanakSetrameM bar3A bhArI tUphAna macA diyA / yaha tUphAna mAmalI nahIM thA, isase vaidika darzanoMkI cirakAlIna paramparA kA~pa uThI thii| baddhane to mAra-kAma vijayake lie, viSaya-kaSAyoMko zAntakara citta zodhanake lie jagatako jalabudabudakI taraha kSaNika-vinAzazIla kahA thaa| nirAtmaka zabdakA prayoga to isalie thA ki-'yaha jagat AtmasvarUpase bhinna hai, nitya kUTastha koI AtmA nahIM hai jisameM rAga kiyA jAya, jagatmeM AtmAkA hitakAraka kucha nahIM hai' Adi samajhakara jagatse virakti ho| saMsArako svapnakI taraha vibhrama evaM zUnya bhI isIlie kahA thA ki-usase cittako haTAkara cittako vizuddha kiyA jAya / strI Adi rAgake sAdhana padArthoMko eka. nitya, sthala, amaka saMsthAnavAlI, vastu samajhakara usake mukha Adi avayavoMkA darzana-sparzanakara rAgadveSAdikI amarabela phUlatI hai / yadi unheM sthUla avayavI na samajhakara paramANuoMkA puMja hI samajhA jAyagA to jaise
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 59 miTTI ke Dhele meM hameM rAga nahIM hotA usI taraha strI Adise virakta honemeM cittako madada milegI / inhIM pavitra mumukSubhAvanAoMko subhAvita karaneke lie karuNAmaya buddhake hRdayagrAhI upadeza hote the / uttarakAlameM ina mumukSubhAvanAoM kA lakSya yadyapi vahI rahA para samarthanakA DhaMga badalA / usameM parapakSakA joroMse khaMDana zurU huA tathA buddhiti vikalpajAloMse bahuvidha panthoM aura granthoMkA nirmANa huA / ina buddhivAgvaibhavazAlI AcAryoMne buddhakI usa madhyamapratipadAkA isa nae kSetrameM jarA bhI upayoga nahIM kiyA / madhyamapratipadA zabdakA apane DhaMgase zAbdika Adara to kiyA para usake prANabhUta samanvayake tattvakA burI taraha kacUmara nikAla DAlA / vijJAnavAdiyoMne madhyamapratipadAko vijJAnasvarUpa kahA to vibhramavAdiyoMne use vibhramarUpa / zUnyavAdiyoMne to madhyamapratipadAko zUnyatAkA paryAyavAcI hI likha diyA hai "madhyamA pratipat saiva sarvadharmanirAtmatA / bhUtakoTizca saMveyaM tathatA sarvazUnyatA / " -arthAt sarvazUnyatAko ho sarvadharmanairAtmya tathA madhyamA pratipat kahate haiM / yahI vAstavika tathA tathyarUpa hai / ina ahiMsA ke pujAriyoMne madhyamapratipadAke dvArA vaidika saMskRtikA samanvaya na karake usapara aikAntika prahAra kara pArasparika manomAlinya-hiMsAko ho uttejana diyaa| isase vaidika saMskRti tathA bauddha saMskRti ke bIca eka aisI abhedya dIvAra khar3I ho gaI jisane kevala dArzanika kSetrameM hI nahIM kintu rAjanaitika aura sAmAjika kSetra meM bhI donoMko sadAke lie Atyantika vibhakta kara diyaa| isake phalasvarUpa prANoMkI bAjI lagAkara anekoM zAstrArthaM hue tathA rAjanaitika jIvanameM isa kAlakUTane pravezakara anekoM rAjavaMzoMkA satyAnAza kiyaa| uttarakAlameM bauddhAcAryoMne mantra tantroMkI sAdhanA aura Akhira isI hiMsAjvAlAse bhAratavarSa meM bauddhoMkA astitva khAka meM isa dArzanika kSetra meM bhI apanA punIta prakAza phailAyA hotA to Aja kA kucha dUsarA hI rUpa huA hotA, aura bhAratavarSakA madhyakAlIna lAyaka hotA / isI hiMsA ke uttejanake lie kI mila gayA / yadi madhyamA pratipadne usakI ahiMsaka kiraNoMse darzanazAstraitihAsa sacamuca svarNAkSaroMmeM likhA jAne jainadRSTi -- bhagavAn mahAvIra atyanta kaThina tapasyA karanevAle tapaH zUra the / inhoMne apanI ugra tapasyAse kaivalya prApta kiyA / ye itane dRr3hatapasvI tathA kaSTasahiSNu vyakti the ki inheM buddha kI taraha apanI vyaktigata tapasyAmeM mRdutA lAneke lie madhyamamArga ke upayogakI AvazyakatA hI nahIM huii| inakI sAdhanA kAyika ahiMsA sUkSmapAlanake sAtha hI sAtha vAcanika aura khAsakara mAnasa ahiMsAkI pUrNatAkI dizA meM thI / bhagavAn mahAvIra pitRcetaska vyakti the, ataH inakA AcArake niyamoMmeM atyanta dRr3ha evaM anuzAsanapriya honA svAbhAvika thA / para saMgha meM to paMcamela vyakti dIkSita hote the| sabhI to ugramArga ke dvArA sAdhanA karane meM samartha nahIM ho sakate the ataH inhoMne apanI anekAntadRSTise AcArake darje nizcita kara caturvidhasaMghakA nirmANa kiyA / aura pratyeka kakSAke yogya AcArake niyama sthirakara unake pAlana karAne meM DhilAI nahIM kii| bhaga0 mahAvIrakI anekAntadRSTine isa taraha AcArake kSetrameM sudRr3ha saMghanirmANa karake tattvajJAna ke kSetra meM bhI apanA punIta prakAza phailAyA / anekAnta dRSTikA AdhAra - bhagavAn mahAvIrane buddhakI taraha AtmAdi atIndriya padArthoMke svarUpanirUpaNameM mauna dhAraNa nahIM kiyA; kintu usa samaya ke pracalita vAdoMkA samanvaya karanevAlA vastusvarUpasparzI uttara diyA ki - AtmA hai bhI, nahIM bhI, nitya bhI, anitya bhI, Adi / yaha anekAntAtmaka vastukA kathana
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________________ 60 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha unakI mAnasI ahiMsAkA pratiphala hai| anyathA ve baddhakI taraha isa carcAko anupayogI kaha sakate the / kAyika ahiMsAke lie jisa taraha vyaktigata samyagAcAra Avazyaka hai, usI taraha vAcanika aura khAsakara mAnasa ahiMsAke lie anekAntadRSTi vizeSarUpase upAsanIya hai| jaba taka do vibhinna vicAroMkA anekAntadRSTise vastusthitike AdhArapara samIkaraNa na hogA taba taka hRdayameM unakA antardvandva calatA hI rahegA, aura una vicAroMke prayojakoMke prati rAga-dveSakA bhAva jAgrata hue binA na rhegaa| isa mAnasa ahiMsAke binA kevala bAhya ahiMsA yAcitakamaMDanarUpa hI hai| yaha to aura bhI kaThina hai ki-'kisI vastuke viSayameM do manuSya do viruddha dhAraNAeM rakhate hoM, aura unakA apane-apane DhaMgase samarthana hI nahIM usakI siddhi ke lie vAdavivAda bhI karate hoM, phira bhI ve eka-dUsareke prati samatAbhAva-mAnasa ahiMsA rakha skeN|' bhagavAn mahAvIrane isI mAnasazaddhike lie, anirvacanIya akhaNDa anantadharmA vastuke eka-eka aMzako grahaNa karake bhI pUrNatAkA abhimAna karane ke kAraNa viruddharUpase bhAsamAna aneka dRSTiyoMkA samanvaya karanevAlI, vicAroMkA vAstavika samajhautA karAnevAlI, puNyarUpA anekAntadRSTiko sAmane rkhaa| jisase eka vAdI itaravAdiyoMkI dRSTikA tattva samajhakara usakA ucita aMza taka Adara kare, usake vicAroMke prati sahiSNutAkA paricaya de, aura rAga-dveSavihIna ho zAnta cittase vastuke pUrNa svarUpa taka pahu~canekI dizA meM prayatna kre| samAjaracanA yA saMghanirmANameM to isa tattvakI khAsa AvazyakatA thii| saMghameM to vibhinna sampradAya evaM vicAroMke citravicitra vyakti dIkSita hote the / unakA samIkaraNa isa yathArthadRSTi ke binA kara sakanA atyanta kaThina thA, aura samanvaya kie binA unake cittakI sthiratA saMbhava hI nahIM thii| UparI ekIkaraNase to kabhI bhI visphoTa ho sakatA thA aura isa taraha anekoM saMgha chinna-bhinna hue bhii| anekAntadRSTike mUlameM yaha tattva hai ki-vastu svarUpataH anirvacanIya hai, anantadharmokA eka akhaNDa piNDa hai / vacana usake pUrNa svarUpakI ora izArA to kara sakate haiM, para use pUrNa rUpase kaha nahIM skte| lihAjA eka hI vastuko vibhinna vyakti apane-apane dRSTikoNoMse dekhate haiM tathA unakA nirUpaNa karate haiM / isalie yadi virodha bhAsita ho sakatA hai to eka-eka aMzako grahaNa karake bhI apane meM pUrNatAkA abhimAna karanevAlI dRSTiyoMmeM hI / jaba hama eka aMzako jAnanevAlI apanI dRSTimeM rNatAkA abhimAna kara baiTheMge to sahaja hI dvitIya aMzako jAnakara bhI pUrNatAbhimAninI dusarI dRSTi usase ttkraaegii| yadi anekAntadRSTise hameM yaha mAlama ho jAya ki-ye saba dRSTiyA~ vastuke eka-eka dharmoMko grahaNa karanevAlI hai, inameM pUrNatAkA abhimAna mithyA hai taba svarasataH dvitIya dRSTiko, jo abhI taka viruddha bhAsita hotI thI, ucita sthAna la jaaygaa| isIko AcAryoMne zAstrIya zabdoMmeM kahA hai ki-'ekAnta vastugata dharma nahIM hai, kintu buddhigata hai / ataH buddhike zuddha hote hI ekAntakA nAmonizAna bhI nahIM rhegaa|' isI samanvayAtmaka dRSTise honevAlA vacanavyavahAra syAdvAda kahalAtA hai| yaha anekAnta-grAhiNI dRSTi pramANa kahI jAtI hai| 'jo dRSTi vastuke eka dharmako grahaNa karake bhI itaradharmagrAhiNI dRSTiyoMkA pratikSepa nahIM karake unheM ucita sthAna de vaha naya kahalAtI hai| isa taraha mAnasa ahiMsAke kArya-kAraNabhUta anekAntadRSTike nirvAha evaM vistArake lie syAdvAda, nayavAda, saptabhaMgI Adi vividha rUpoMmeM uttarakAlIna AcAryoMne khUba likhA / unhoMne udAratApUrvaka yahA~ taka likhA hai ki-'samasta mithyakAntoMkA samaha hI anekAnta hai, samasta pAkhaNDoMke samadAya anekAntakI jaya ho|' yadyapi pAtaJjaladarzana, bhAskarIyavedAnta, bhATTa Adi darzanoMmeM bhI isa samanvayadRSTikA upayoga huA hai; para syAdvAdake Upara hI saMkhyAbaddha zAstroMkI racanA jainAcAryoMne hI kI hai| uttarakAlIna jainAcAryoMne yadyapi bhagavAn mahAvIrakI usI punIta anekAnta dRSTike anusAra hI zAstraracanA kI hai| para vaha madhyasthabhAva aMzataH parapakSakhaMDanameM badala gyaa| yadyapi yaha Avazyaka thA ki-pratyeka ekAntameM
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 61 doSa dikhAkara anekAntakI siddhi kI jAya, phira bhI usakA sUkSma paryavekSaNa hameM isa natIjepara pahu~cAtA hai| ki bhagavAn mahAvIrakI vaha mAnasa ahiMsA ThIka zata-pratizata usI rUpa meM to nahIM hI rahI / vicAra vikAsakI caramarekhA - bhAratIya darzanazAstroMmeM anekAntadRSTi ke AdhArase vastuke svarUpake prarUpaka jainadarzanako hama vicAravikAsakI caramarekhA kaha sakate haiM / caramarekhAse merA tAtparya yaha hai kido viruddha vAdoMmeM taba taka zuSka tarkajanya kalpanAoMkA vistAra hotA jAyagA jaba taka ki unakA koI vastusparzI hala - samAdhAna na ho jAya / jaba anekAntadRSTi unameM sAmaJjasya sthApita kara degI taba jhagar3A kisa aura zuSka tarkajAla kisalie ? tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba taka vastusthiti spaSTa nahIM hotI taba taka vivAda bAtakA barAbara bar3hatA hI jAtA hai / jaba vaha vastu anekAntadRSTise atyanta spaSTa ho jAyagI taba vAdoM kA srota apane Apa sUkha jAyagA / svataH siddha nyAyAdhIza - isalie hama anekAntadRSTiko nyAyAdhIzake padapara anAyAsa hI baiThA sakate haiM / yaha dRSTi nyAyAdhIzakI taraha ubhayapakSako samucita rUpase samajhakara bhI apakSapAtinI hai / yaha maujUdA yAvat virodhI vAdarUpI muddaI muddAhaloMkA phaisalA karanevAlI hai / yaha ho sakatA hai ki kadAcit isa dRSTi ucita upayoga na honese kisI phaisalemeM apIlako avasara mila sake / para isake samucita upayogase honevAle phaisalemeM apIlakI koI guMjAiza nahIM rahatI / udAharaNArtha - devadatta aura yajJadatta mAmA- phuAke bhAI haiM / rAmacandra devadattakA pitA hai tathA yajJadattakA mAmA / yajJadatta aura devadatta donoM hI bar3e buddhizAlI lar3ake haiM / devadatta jaba rAmacandrako pitA kahatA hai taba yajJadatta devadattase lar3atA hai aura kahatA hai kirAmacandra to mAmA hai tU use pitA kyoM kahatA hai ? isI taraha devadatta bhI yajJadatta se kahatA hai ki vAha ! rAmacandra to pitA hai use mAmA nahIM kaha sakate / donoM zAstrArthaM karane baiTha jAte haiM / yajJadatta kahatA hai kidekho, rAmacandra mAmA haiM, kyoMki ve hamArI mA~ke bhAI haiM, hamAre bar3e bhAI bhI use mAmA hI to kahate haiM Adi / devadatta kahatA hai - vAha ! rAmacandra to pitA hai, kyoMki usake bhAI hamAre cAcA hote haiM, hamArI mA~ use svAmI kahatI hai Adi / itanA hI nahIM, donoMmeM isake phalasvarUpa hAthApAI ho jAtI hai| eka dUsarekA kaTTara zatru bana jAtA hai / anekAntadRSTivAlA rAmacandra pAsake kamarese apane honahAra lar3akoMkI kalpanAzakti evaM face prasanna hokara bhI usake phalasvarUpa honevAlI hiMsA mArapITase khinna ho jAtA hai / vaha una donoMkI galatI samajha jAtA hai aura unheM bulAkara dhIrese samajhAtA hai - beTA devadatta, yaha ThIka hai ki maiM tumhArA pitA hU~, para kevala tumhArA pitA hI to nahIM hU~, isakA mAmA bhI to hU~ / isI taraha yajJadatta ko samajhAtA hai ki- beTA yajJadatta, tuma bhI ThIka kahate ho, maiM tumhArA to mAmA hI hU~, para yajJadattakA pitA bhI to hU~ / yaha sunate hI donoM bhAiyoMkI dRSTi khula jAtI hai / ve jhagar3anA chor3akara Apasa meM bar3e helamelase rahane lagate haiM / isa taraha hama samajha sakate haiM ki - eka-eka dharma ke samarthana meM vastvaMzako lekara gar3hI gaI dalIleM taba taka barAbara cAlU raheMgI aura eka-dUsarekA khaMDana hI nahIM kintu usase honevAle rAgadveSa -- hiMsAkI paramparA barAbara calegI jaba taka ki anekAntadRSTi unakI caramarekhA banAkara samanvaya na kara degI / isake bAda to mastiSka ke vyAyAmasvarUpa dalIloMkA daladala apane Apa sUkha jAyagA / pratyeka pakSake vakIloM dvArA apane pakSasamarthana ke lie saGkalita dalIloMkI phAilakI taraha nyAyAtant phaisalA bhale hI AkAra meM bar3A na ho; para usameM vastusparza, vyAvahArikatA evaM sUkSmatA ke sAtha hI sAtha niSpakSapAtitA avazya hI rahatI hai / usI taraha ekAnta ke samarthana meM prayukta dalIloMke bhaNDArabhUta ekAntavAdI darzanoMkI taraha jainadarzanameM kalpanAoMkA carama vikAsa na ho aura na usakA parimANa hI
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________________ 62 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha adhika ho; para usakI vastusparzitA, vyAvahArikatA, taTasthavRtti evaM ahiMsAdhAratAmeM to sandeha kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| ho sakatA hai ki uttarakAlameM madhyakAlIna AcAryoM dvArA aMzataH parapakSa khaMDanameM par3aneke kAraNa usa madhyasthatAkA usarUpameM nirvAha na haA ho; para vaha dRSTi unake pAsa sadA jAgrat rahI, aura usIke zreyaHprakAzameM unhoMne parapakSako bhI nayadaSTise ucita sthAna diyaa| jisa taraha nyAyAdhIzake phaisaleke upakramameM ubhayapakSIya vakIloMkI dalIloMke balAbalakI jA~cameM eka dusarekI dalIloMkA yathAsaMbhava upayoga hokara anta meM unake niHsAra bhAgakI samAlocanAparvaka vyavahArya phaisalA hotA hai| usI taraha jainadarzanameM eka ekAntake khaNDanArtha yA usake balAbalakI jA~cake lie dvitIya ekAntavAdIkI dalIloMkA paryApta upayoga dekhA jAtA hai / antameM unakI samAlocanA hokara unakA samanvayAtmaka phaisalA diyA gayA hai| ekAntavAdI darzanoMke samanvayAtmaka phaisalekI ye misaleM hI jainadarzanazAstra hai| bAta yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kAryazIla ahiMsaka vyakti the / ve vAdI nahIM the kintu santa the / unheM vAdakI apekSA kArya-sadAcaraNa adhika pasanda thA, aura jaba taka havAI bAtoMse kAryopayogI vyavahArya mArga na nikAlA jAya taba taka kArya honA hI kaThina thaa| mAnasa-ahiMsAke saMvarddhana, paripoSaNake lie anekAntadRSTirUpI saMjIvanIkI AvazyakatA thii| ve buddhijIvI yA kalpanAlokameM vicaraNa karanevAle nahIM the| unheM to sarvAGgINa ahiMsApracArakA sulabha rAstA nikAla kara jagatako zAntikA sahaja sandeza denA thaa| unheM mastiSkake zuSka kalpanAtmaka vyAyAmakI apekSA hRdayase nikalI haI vyavahArya ahiMsAkI choTIsI AvAja hI adhika kAragara mAlama hotI thii| yaha ThIka hai ki-buddhijIvIvarga jisakA AcaraNase ke na ho, baiTheThAle anantakalpanA jAlase grantha gaMthA kare aura yahI kAraNa hai ki-baddhijIvIvarga dvArA vaidika darzanoMkA paryApta prasAra huaa| para kAryakSetrameM to kevala kalpanAoMse hI nirvAha nahIM ho sakatA thA; vahA~ to vyavahArya mArga nikAle binA cArA hI nahIM thaa| bhaga0 mahAvIra ne anekAntadRSTi rUpa, jise hama jainadarzanakI jAna kahate haiM, eka vaha vyavahAryamArga nikAlA jisake samacita upayogase mAnasika, vAcika tathA kAyika ahiMsA pUrNarUpase pAlI jA sakatI hai| isa taraha bhaga0 mahAvIrakI yaha ahiMsAsvarUpA anekAntadRSTi hI jainadarzanake bhavya prAsAdakA madhyastambha hai| isIse jainadarzanakI prANapratiSThA hai| bhAratIya darzanazAstra sacamuca isa atulasatyako pAye binA apUrNa rhtaa| jainadarzanane isa anekAntadRSTike AdhArase banI hae mahattvapUrNa grantharAzi dekara bhAratIya darzanazAstrake koSAgArameM apanI Thosa aura paryApta pUMjI jamA kI hai| pUrvakAlIna yugapradhAna samantabhadra , siddhasena Adi dArzanikoMne isI dRSTike samarthana dvArA sat-asat, nityatvAnityatva, bhedAbheda, puNya-pApaprakAra, advaita-dvaita, bhAgya-puruSArtha, Adi vividha-vAdoMmeM pUrNa sAmaJjasya sthApita kiyA / madhyakAlIna akalaMka, haribhadra Adi tArkikoMne aMzataH parapakSakA khaNDana karake bhI usI dRSTi ko, praur3ha kiyaa| isI dRSTike vividha prakArase upayogake lie sattabhaMgI, naya, nikSepa AdikA nirUpaNa huaa| isa taraha bhaga0 mahAvIrane apanI ahiMsAkI pUrNasAdhanAke lie anekAntadRSTikA AvirbhAva karake jagatko vaha dhra vabIjamantra diyA jisakA samucita upayoga saMsArako pUrNa sukha-zAntikA lAbha karA sakatA hai| naya-jaba bhaga0 mahAvIrane mAnasa ahiMsAkI pUrNatAke lie anekAntadaSTikA siddhAnta nikAlA, taba usako kAryarUpameM pariNata karaneke lie kucha taphasIlI bAteM socanA Avazyaka ho gayA ki kaise isa dRSTise pracalita vAdoMkA ucita samIkaraNa ho? isa anekAntadRSTikI kAmayAbIke lie kie gae moTe-moTe niyamoMkA nAma naya hai| sAdhAraNatayA vicAra-vyavahAra tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-1. jJAnAzrayI, 2. arthAzrayI,
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 63 3. zabdAzrayo / koI vyakti jJAnako sImAmeM hI apane vicAroMko daur3AtA hai use arthakI sthitikI koI paravAha hI nahIM rahatI / aise manasUbA bAMdhanevAle, havAI kile banAnevAle, zekhacillIkI taraha vicAroMkI dhunameM hI masta rahanevAle loga apane vicAroMko jJAna hI jJAna - kalpanAkSetrameM hI daur3Ate rahate haiN| dUsare prakArake loga arthAnusArI vicAra karate haiM / artha meM eka ora eka, nitya aura vyApIrUpase carama abhedakI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai, to dUsarI ora kSaNikatva, paramANutva aura niraMzatvakI dRSTise antima bhedakI klpnaa| tIsarI kalpanA ina donoM carama koTiyoMke madhyakI hai| pahilI prakArako koTimeM sarvathA abhedaekatva svIkAra karanevAle aupaniSada advaitavAdI haiM, to dUsarI ora vastuko sUkSmatama vartamAnakSaNavartI arthaparyAyake Upara dRSTi rakhanevAle kSaNika, niraMza paramANuvAdI bauddha haiN| tIsarI koTimeM padArthako nAnArUpase vyavahArameM lAnevAle naiyAyika, vaizeSika Adi haiN| tIsare prakArake vyakti haiM bhASAzAstrI, jinheM zabdoMke bAlakI khAla khIMcane meM hI majA AtA hai| ye loga eka arthakI hara eka hAlatameM vibhinna zabdake prayogako mAnate haiN| inakA tAtparya hai ki-bhinnakAlavAcaka, bhinna kArakoMmeM niSpanna, bhinna vacanavAle, bhinnaparyAyavAcaka, bhinnakriyAvAcaka zabda eka arthako nahIM kaha skte| zabdabhedase artha bheda honA hI cAhie / upayukta jJAna, artha aura zabdakA Azraya lekara honevAle vicAroMke samanvayake lie kie gae sthUla mUla niyamoMko naya kahate haiN| inameM jJAnAzrita vyavahArakA saMkalpa-vicAramAtrako grahaNa karanevAle naigamanayameM samAveza huA / arthAzrita abhedavyavahArakA, jo 'AtmavedaM sarvam, ekasmin vA vijJAte sarva vijJAtam" Adi upaniSadvAkyoMse prakaTa hotA hai, saMgrahanayameM antarbhAva kiyA gyaa| isake Age tathA ekaparamANukI vartamAnakAlIna eka arthaparyAyase pahile honevAle yAvada madhyavartI bhedoMkA jinameM nyAya vaizeSikAdi darzana zAmila hai, vyavahAranayameM samAveza kiyaa| arthakI Akhiro dezako Ti paramANurUpatA tathA kAlakoTi kSaNamAtrasthAyitAko grahaNa karanevAlI bauddhadRSTi RjusUtranayameM zAmila huI / yahA~ taka arthako sAmane rakhakara bhedAbheda kalpita hue haiN| aba zabdazAstriyoMkA nambara aayaa| kAla, kAraka, saMkhyA tathA dhAtuke sAtha laganevAle bhinna-bhinna upasarga AdikI dRSTise prayukta honevAle zabdoMke vAcya artha bhinna-bhinna haiM, isa kAlakArakAdivAcaka zabdabhedase arthabheda grahaNa karanevAlI dRSTikA zabdanaya meM samAveza huaa| eka hI sAdhanameM niSpanna tathA ekakAlavAcaka bhI aneka paryAyavAcI zabda hote haiM, ina paryAyavAcI zabdoMse bhI arthabheda mAnanevAlI samabhirUDhanayakI dRSTi haiN| evaMbhUtanaya kahatA hai ki jisa samaya jo artha jisa kriyAmeM pariNata ho usI samaya usameM takriyAse niSpanna zabdakA prayoga honA caahie| isakI dRSTise sabhI zabda kriyAse niSpanna haiM / guNavAcaka zakla zabda bhI zacibhavanarUpa kriyAse, jAtivAcaka azvazabda AzugamanarUpa kriyAse, kriyAvAcaka calati zabda calane rUpa kriyAse, nAmavAcaka yadRcchA zabda devadatta Adi bhI 'devane isako diyA' isa kriyAse niSpanna hue hai| isa taraha jJAna, athaM aura zabdarUpase honevAle yAvadvyavahAroMkA samanvaya ina nayoMmeM kiyA gayA hai| para yaha samanvaya eka khAsa zarta para huA hai / vaha zarta yaha hai ki koI bhI dRSTi apanI pratipakSI dRSTikA nirAkaraNa nahIM kara skegii| itanA ho sakatA hai ki eka-abheda aMzakI mukhyatA honepara dUsarI-bhedadRSTi gauNa ho jAya / yahI sApekSabhAva nayakA prANa hai| isa sApekSatAke abhAvameM nayadRSTi sunayarUpa na rahakara durnaya bana jAtI hai / 'sApekSo nayaH, nirapekSo durnayaH" yaha spaSTa hI kahA hai| isa saMkSipta kathanameM yadi sUkSmatAse dekhA jAya to do prakArakI dRSTiyA~ hI mukhyarUpase kArya karatI hai-eka abhedadRSTi aura dUsarI bhedadRSTi / ina dRSTiyoMkA AdhAra cAhe jJAna ho yA artha athavA zabda, para
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________________ 64 : DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha kalpanA abheda yA bheda do hI rUpase kI jA sakatI hai / usa kalpanAkA prakAra cAhe kAlika, daizika yA svArUpika kucha bhI kyoM na ho| ina do mala AdhAroMko dravyanaya aura paryAyanaya nAmase vyavahRta kiyA hai / deza, kAla tathA AkAra jisa kisI bhI rUpase abheda grahaNa karanevAlA dravyAthika naya hai tathA bhedagrAhI paryAyArthika naya hai| inheM malanaya kahate haiN| kyoMki samasta vicAroMkA mala AdhAra yahI do naya hote hai| naigamAdi naya to inhIMkI zAkhA-prazAkhAe~ hai| dravyAstika-paryAyAstika, nizcaya-vyavahAra, zuddhanaya-azuddhanaya Adi zabda inhIMke artha meM prayukta hote haiN| cUMki naigamanaya saMkalpamAtragrAhI hai, tathA saMkalpa yA to arthake abheda aMzako viSaya' karatA hai yA bheda aMzako / isIlie abhedasaMkalpI naigamakA saMgrahanayameM tathA bhedasaMkalpI naigamakA vyavahAranayameM antarbhAva karake AcArya siddhasenane naigamanayako svatantra naya nahIM mAnA hai / inake matase saMgrahAdi chaha hI naya haiN| akalaMkadevane naigamanayako arthanaya mAnakara RjusUtra paryanta cAra nayoMkA arthanayarUpase tathA zabda Adi tIna nayoMkA zabdanayarUpase vibhAga kiyA hai| naya tathA durnayakA nimna lakSaNa samajhanA cAhie-bhedAbhedAtmaka, utpAdavyayadhauvyarUpa, samAnyavizeSAtmaka padArtha akhaNDa rUpase pramANakA viSaya hotA hai| usake kisI eka dharmako mukhya tathA itaradharmoMko gauNarUpase viyaya karanevAlA jJAtAkA abhiprAya naya kahalAtA hai| jaba vahI abhiprAya itaradharmoko gauNa nahIM karake unakA nirAsa karane lagatA hai taba vaha durnaya kahalAtA hai| tAtparya yaha ki-pramANameM anekadharmavAlI pUrNa vastu viSaya hotI hai, nayameM eka dharma mukhyarUpase viSaya hokara bhI itaradharmoM ke prati upekSA-gauNatA rahatI hai, jabaki durnaya itaradharmoMkA aikAntika nirAsa kara detA hai / naigama-naigamAbhAsa-yadyapi akalaMkadevane rAjavArtikameM sarvArthasiddhike anusAra naigamanayakA 'saGkalpamAtragrAhI' yaha jJAnAzritavyavahArakA samanvaya karanevAlA lakSaNa kiyA hai, para laghIyastrayameM ve naigamanayako arthakI paridhimeM lAkara usakA yaha lakSaNa karate haiM-"guNa-guNI yA dharma-dharmImeM kisI ekako gauNa tathA dusareko mukhyatAse grahaNa karanevAlA naigamanaya hai| jaise jIvake svarUpanirUpaNameM jJAnAdiguNa gauNa hote hai tathA jJAnAdiguNoMke hI varNanameM jIva / " guNa-guNI, avayava-avayavI, kriyA-kriyAvAn tathA sAmAnya-vizeSameM sarvathA bheda mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai; kyoMki-guNa-guNIse apanI pRthak sattA nahIM rakhatA aura na guNoMkI upekSA karake guNI apanA astitva rakha sakatA hai / ataH inameM kathaJcittAdAtmya sambandha mAnanA hI samucita hai| isI taraha avayava-avayavI, kriyA-kriyAvAn, tathA sAmAnya-vizeSameM bhI kathaJcittAdAtmya hI sambandha hai| yadi guNa Adi guNI Adise bilakula bhinna svatantra padArtha hoM; to unameM niyata sambandha na kAraNa guNa-gaNyAdibhAva nahIM bana sakegA / avayavI yadi avayavoMse sarvathA pRthaka hai; to usakI apane avayavoMmeM vatti-sambandha mAnane meM anekoM dUSaNa Ate haiN| yathA-avayavI apane pratyeka avayavoMmeM yadi pUrNarUpase tAto jitane avayava hai utane hI svatantra avayavI siddha hoNge| yadi ekadeza se rahegA; to jitane avayava hai avayavIke utane hI deza mAnanA hoMge, una dezoMmeM bhI vaha 'sarvAtmanA rahegA yA eka dezase' ityAdi vikalpa honese anavasthA dUSaNa AtA hai| sattAsAmAnyakA apanI vyaktiyoMse sarvathA bheda mAnanepara, sattAsambandhase pahile dravya, guNa aura karma vyaktiyoMko sata mAnA jAya, yA asat ? yadi ve asat hai; to unameM sattAsambandha nahIM ho sktaa| sattA sarvathA asata kharaviSANAdimeM to nahIM rhtii| yadi ve sat haiM; to jisa prakAra svarUpasat dravyAdimeM sattAsambandha mAnate ho usI taraha svarUpasat sAmAnyAdimeM bhI sattAsambandha svIkAra karanA caahiye| athavA jisa prakAra sAmAnyAdi svarUpasat haiM unameM kisI anya sattAke sambandhakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai. usI taraha
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 65 dravya, guNa, karmako bhI svarUpasat hI mAnanA caahie| svarUpasat meM atirikta sattAkA samavAya mAnanA to bilakula hI nirarthaka hai / isI taraha gotvAdi jAtiyoMko zAbaleyAdi vyaktiyoMse sarvathA bhinna mAnanemeM aneka dUSaNa Ate haiM / yathA - jaba eka gau utpanna huI; taba usameM gotva kahA~se AyagA ? utpanna honeke pahile gotva usa dezameM to nahIM raha sakatA; kyoMki gotvasAmAnya govizeSameM hI rahatA hai gozanya dezameM nahIM / niSkriya honese gotva anya dezase A nahIM sakatA / yadi anya dezase Ave bhI to pUrvapiNDako ekadezase chor3egA yA bilakula hI chor3a degA ? niraMza hone ke kAraNa ekadezase pUrvapiNDako chor3anA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / yadi gotva pUrNarUpase pUrva gopiNDako chor3akara nUtana gaumeM AtA hai; taba to pUrvapiNDa agau- gotvazUnya ho jAyagA, usameM gau vyavahAra nahIM ho sakegA / yadi gotvasAmAnya sarvagata hai; to govyaktiyoMkI taraha azvAdivyaktiyoM meM bhI govyavahAra honA cAhie / avayava aura avayavIke sambandhameM eka bar3I vicitra bAta yaha hai ki -saMsAra to yaha mAnatA hai ki paTameM tantu, vRkSa meM zAkhA tathA gaumeM sIMga rahate haiM, para 'tantuoMmeM paTa, zAkhAoMmeM vRkSa tathA sIMgameM gau' kA mAnanA to sacamuca eka alaukika hI bAta hai / ataH guNa AdikA guNI Adise kathaJcittAdAtmya sambandha mAnanA hI yuktisaMgata hai / kathaJcittAdAtmyakA tAtparya yaha hai ki guNa Adi guNI Adi rUpa hI haiM unase bhinna nahIM haiM / jo jJAnasvarUpa nahIM hai vaha jJAnake samavAyase bhI kaise 'jJa' bana sakatA hai ? yadi ajJa vastu bhI jJAna ke samavAyase 'jJa' ho jAya; to samavAya svayaM 'jJa' bana jAyagA; kyoMki samavAya AtmAmeM jJAnakA sambandha tabhI karA sakatA hai jaba vaha svayaM jJAna aura AtmAse sambandha rakhe / koI bhI sambandha apane sambandhiyoMse asambaddha rahakara sambandhabuddhi nahIM karA sakatA / ataH yaha mAnanA hI cAhiye ki -jJAnaparyAyavAlI vastu hI jJAnake sambandhako pA sakatI hai / ataH vaizeSikakA guNa AdikA guNI Adise nirapekSasarvathA bheda mAnanA nagamAbhAsa hai / / prakRti isa jJAnasukhAdirUpa vyakta kArya kI puruSa cetanarUpa tathA kUTastha - apariNAmI isI taraha sAMkhyakA jJAna sukhAdiko AtmAse bhinna mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai / vaha mAnatA hai ki-sattvarajastamorUpa-triguNAtmaka prakRtike hI sukha-jJAnAdika dharma haiM, ve usImeM AvirbhUta tathA tirohita hote haiM / isI prakRti ke saMsargase puruSameM jJAnAdikI pratIti hotI hai dRSTise dRzya hai tathA apane kAraNarUpa - avyakta svarUpase adRzya hai / nitya hai / isa taraha vaha caitanyase buddhiko bhinna samajhakara use puruSase bhI bhinna mAnatA hai / usakA yaha jJAna aura AtmAkA sarvathA bheda mAnanA bhI nagamAbhAsa hai; kyoMki caitanya tathA jJAnameM koI bheda nahIM hai / buddhi, upalabdhi, caitanya, jJAna Adi sabhI paryAyavAcI zabda haiN| yadi caitanya puruSakA dharma ho sakatA hai; to jJAnako bhI usIkA hI dharma honA cAhiye / prakRtikI taraha puruSa bhI jJAnAdirUpase dRzya hotA hai| 'sukha jJAnAdika sarvathA anitya haiM, caitanya sarvathA nitya hai' yaha bhI pramANasiddha nahIM hai; kyoMki paryAyadRSTise unameM anityatA rahanepara bhI caitanyasAmAnyakI apekSA nityatA bhI hai / isa taraha vaizeSikakA guNa guNyAdimeM sarvathA bheda mAnanA tathA sAMkhyakA puruSase buddhyAdikA bheda mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai; kyoMki inameM abheda aMzakA nirAkaraNa hI ho gayA hai | saMgraha - saMgrahAbhAsa - samasta padArthoMko abhedarUpase grahaNa karanevAlA naya saMgrahanaya hai / yaha para saMgraha tathA aparasaMgraha ke bhedase do prakArakA hai / parasaMgrahameM sat rUpase samasta padArthoMkA saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai, tathA aparasaMgrahameM dravyarUpase samasta dravyoMkA, guNarUpase samasta guNoMkA, gotvarUpase samasta gauoMkA Adi / yaha aparasaMgraha taba taka calatA hai jaba taka ki bheda apanI carama koTi taka nahIM pahu~ca jAtA / arthAt jaba vyava 4-9
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________________ 66 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha hAranaya bheda karate-karate RjusUtra nayake viSayabhUta eka vartamAna kAlIna arthaparyAya taka pahu~catA hai taba aparasaMgrahakI maryAdA samApta ho jAtI hai |aprsNgrh aura vyavahAranayakA kSetra to samAna hai para dRSTimeM bheda hai / jaba aparasaMgrahameM tadgata abhedAMzake dvArA saMgrahakI dRSTi hai taba vyavahAranayameM bhedakI hI pradhAnatA hai / parasaMgrahanayakI dRSTimeM sadrUpase sabhI padArtha eka haiM unameM koI bheda nahIM hai| jIva, ajIva Adi sabhI sadrUpase abhinna haiM / jisa prakAra eka citrajJAna apane nIlAdi aneka AkAroMmeM vyApta hai usI taraha sanmAtratattva sabhI padArthoM meM vyApta hai, jIva, ajIva Adi saba usIke bheda hai| koI bhI jJAna sanmAtra dravyako binA jAne bhedoMko nahIM jAna sakatA / koI bhI bheda sanmAtrase bAhira arthAt asat nahIM hai / pratyakSa cAhe cetana sukhAdimeM pravRtti kare yA bAhya nIlAdi acetana padArthoMmeM, vaha sadrapase abhedAMzako viSaya karatA hI hai| saMgrahanayakI isa abhedadRSTise sIdhI Takkara lenevAlI bauddhakI bheda daSTi hai| jisameM abhedako kalpanAtmaka kahakara vastumeM koI sthAna hI nahIM diyA gayA hai| isa sarvathA bhedadRSTike kAraNa hI bauddha avayavI, sthUla, nitya Adi abhedadRSTike viSayabhUta padArthoM kI sattA hI nahIM mAnate / nityAMza kAlika-abhedake AdhArapara sthira hai; kyoMki jaba vahI eka vastu trikAlAnuyAyI hogI tabhI vaha nitya kahI jA sakatI hai| avayavI tathA sthUlAMza daizika-abhedake AdhArase mAne jAte haiN| jaba eka vastu aneka avayavoMmeM kathaJcittAdAtmyarUpase vyApti rakhe tabhI avayavI vyapadeza pA sakatI hai / sthUlatAmeM bhI anekapradezavyApitvarUpa daizika abhedadRSTi hI apekSaNIya hotI hai| akalaGkadeva kahate haiM ki-bauddha sarvathA bhedAtmaka svalakSaNakA jaisA varNana karate hai vaisA sarvathA kSaNika padArtha na to kisI jJAnakA viSaya hI ho sakatA hai aura na koI arthakriyA hI kara sakatA hai / jisa prakAra eka kSaNika jJAna aneka AkAroMmeM yugapad vyApta rahatA hai usI taraha ekadravyako apanI kramase honevAlI paryAyoMmeM vyApta hone meM kyA bAdhA hai ? isI anAdinidhana dravyakI apekSAse vastuoMmeM abhedAMzakI pratIti hotI hai| kSaNika padArthameM kArya-kAraNabhAva siddha na honeke kAraNa artha kriyAkI to bAta hI nahIM karanI cAhiye / 'kAraNake honepara kArya hotA hai' yaha niyama to padArthako ekakSaNasthAyI mAnanevAloMke matameM svapnakI hI cIja hai; kyoMki eka kSaNasthAyI padArthake sattAkSaNameM hI yadi kAryakI sattA svIkAra kI jAya: taba to kAraNa aura kArya ekakSaNavartI ho jAyeMge aura isa taraha ve kArya-kAraNabhAvako asaMbhava banA deMge / yadi kAraNabhUta prathamakSaNa kAryabhata dvitIyakSaNa taka Thahare taba to kSaNabhaMgavAda kahA~ rahA? kyoMki kAraNakSaNakI sattA kama-sekama do kSaNa mAnanA pdd'ii| isa taraha kAryakAraNabhAvake abhAvase jaba kSaNika padArtha meM arthakriyA hI nahIM banatI taba usakI sattAkI AzA karanA mRgatRSNA jaisI hI hai| aura jaba vaha sat hI siddha nahIM hotA taba pramANakA viSaya kaise mAnA jAya ? jisa taraha bauddhamatameM kAraNa apane deza meM rahakara bho bhinnadezavartI kAryako vyavasthita rUpase utpanna kara sakatA hai usI taraha jaba abhinna nitya padArtha bhI apane samayameM rahakara kAryako kAryakAlameM hI utpanna kara sakatA hai, taba abhedako asata kyoM mAnA jAya? jisa taraha citrajJAna apane AkAroMmeM, guNI guNoMmeM tathA avayavI apane avayavoMmeM vyApta rahatA hai usI taraha dravya apanI kramika paryAyoMko bhI vyApta kara sakatA hai / dravyadRSTise paryAyoMmeM koI bheda nahIM hai| isI taraha sanmAtrakI dRSTise samasta padArtha abhinna haiN| isa taraha abhedadRSTise padArthokA saMgraha karanevAlA saMgrahanaya hai| isa nayakI dRSTise kaha sakate haiM ki-vizva eka hai, advaita hai; kyoMki sanmAtratattva sarvatra vyApta hai| yaha dhyAna rahe ki-isa nayameM zuddha sanmAtra viSaya honepara bhI bhedakA nirAkaraNa nahIM hai, bheda gauNa avazya ho jAtA hai| yadyapi advayabrahmavAda bhI sanmAtratattvako viSaya karatA hai para vaha bhedakA nirAkaraNa karaneke kAraNa saMgrahAbhAsa hai| naya sApekSa-pratipakSI dharmakI apekSA rakhanevAlA, tathA durnaya nirapekSa-parapakSakA nirAkaraNa karanevAlA hotA hai /
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 67 vyavahAra-vyavahAnAbhAsa-saMgrahanayake dvArA gRhIta arthameM vidhipUrvaka avisaMvAdI-vastusthitimalaka bheda karanevAlA vyavahAranaya hai| yaha vyavahAranaya lokaprasiddha vyavahArakA avirodhI hotA hai / lokavyavahAraviruddha , vastusthitikI apekSA na karanevAlI bhedakalpanA vyavahArAbhAsa hai / lokavyavahAra artha, zabda tathA jJAnarUpase calatA hai| jaise jIvavyavahAra jIva artha, jIvazabda tathA jIvaviSayaka jJAna ina tInoM prakAroMse ho sakatA hai / vastu utpAdavyayadhrauvyavAlI hai, dravya guNaparyAyavAlA hai, jIva caitanyarUpa hai' ityAdi vAkya pramANase avirodhI hone ke kAraNa tathA lokavyavahArameM avisaMvAdI honese pramANa hai, evaM pUrvAparake avirodhI honese ye sadvyavahArake viSaya hai / pramANaviruddha kalpanAe~ vyavahArAbhAsa haiM; jaise sautrAntikakA jaDa yA cetana sabhI padArthoko kSaNika, niraMza, paramANurUpa mAnanA, yogAcArakA kSaNika avibhAgI vijJAnAdvaita mAnanA, tathA mAdhyamikakA sarvazUnyatA svIkAra karanA / ye saba vyavahArAbhAsa pramANavirodhI tathA lokavyavahArameM visaMvAdaka hote haiM / jo bhedavyavahAra abhedakI apekSA rakhegA vahI vyavahAranayakI paridhimeM AyagA, tathA jo abhedakA nirAkaraNa karegA vaha durvyavahAra-vyavahArAbhAsa kahalAyagA / RjasUtra-tadAbhAsa-RjusUtra naya padArthakI eka kSaNarUpa zuddha vartamAnakAlava" arthaparyAyako viSaya karanevAlA hai| isako dRSTimeM abheda koI vAstavika nahIM hai| citrajJAna bhI eka na hokara aneka jJAnoMkA samudAyamAtra hai / isa taraha samasta jagat eka-dUsarese bilakula bhinna hai, eka paryAya dUsarI paryAyase bhinna hai| yaha bheda itanA sakSama hai ki sthUladRSTivAle logoMko mAlama nahIM hotA / jaise parasparameM vibhinna bhI vRkSa darase saghana tathA ekAkAra rUpase pratibhAsita hote haiM, ThIka isI taraha abheda eka prAtibhAsika vastu hai / isa nayakI dRSTimeM eka yA nitya koI vastu hI nahIM hai; kyoMki bheda aura abhedakA parasparameM virodha hai| isa taraha yaha RjusUtra naya yadyapi bhedako mukhyarUpase viSaya karatA hai para vaha abhedakA pratikSepa nahIM krtaa| yaha abhedakA pratikSepa kara de to bauddhAbhimata kSaNikatattvakI taraha RjusUtrAbhAsa ho jAyagA / sApekSa hI naya hotA hai / nirapekSa to durnaya kahalAtA hai| jisa prakAra bhedakA pratibhAsa honese vastumeM bhedako vyavasthA hai usI taraha jaba abhedakA bhI pratibhAsa hotA hai to usakI bhI vyavasthA honI hI caahie| bheda aura abheda donoM hI sApekSa haiM / ekakA lopa karanese dUsarekA lopa honA avazyambhAvI hai| zabda-kAla, kAraka, liMga tathA saMkhyAke bhedase zabdabheda dvArA bhinna arthoMko grahaNa karanevAlA zabdanaya hai / zabdanaya ke abhiprAyase atIta, anAgata evaM vartamAnakAlIna kriyAoMke sAtha prayukta honevAlA eka hI devadatta bhinna ho jAtA hai / 'karoti kriyate' Adi kartR-karmasAdhanameM prayukta bhI devadatta bhinna-bhinna hai| 'devadatta devadattA' Adi liMgabhedase prayogameM AnevAlA devadatta bhI eka nahIM hai| ekavacana, dvivacana tathA bahavacanameM prayukta devadatta bhI pRthak-pRthak hai / isakI dRSTise bhinnakAlIna, bhinnakArakaniSpanna bhinnaliGgaka evaM bhinnasaMkhyAka zabda eka arthake vAcaka nahIM ho sakate / zabdabhedase arthabheda honA hI caahie| varttanA-pariNamana karanevAlA tathA svataH pariNamanazIla dravyoMke pariNamanameM sahAyaka honevAlA kAla dravya hai| isake bhUta, bhaviSyat aura vartamAna, ye tIna bheda haiN| kevala dravya, kevala zakti, tathA anapekSa dravya aura zaktiko kAraka nahoM kahate; kintu zaktiviziSTa dravyako kAraka kahate haiN| liMga cihnako kahate hai| jo garbha dhAraNa kara sake vaha strI, jo putrAdikI utpAdaka sAmarthya rakhe vaha puruSa, tathA jisameM ye donoM sAmarthya na hoM vaha napuMsaka kahA jAtA hai / kAlAdike ye lakSaNa anekAntAtmaka arthameM hI bana sakate haiN| eka hI vasta vibhinna sAmagrIke milanepara SaTakAraka rUpase pariNamana kara sakatI hai / kAlAdibhedase eka dravyakI nAnA paryAyeM ho sakatI haiM / ekarUpa-sarvathA nitya yA anitya vastumeM aisA pariNamana nahIM ho sakatAH kyoMki sarvathA
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________________ 68 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha nityameM utpAda aura vyaya tathA sarvathA kSaNikameM sthairya nahIM hai| isa taraha kArakavyavasthA na honese vibhinna kArakoMmeM niSpanna strIliGga, pulliGga AdikI vyavasthA bhI ekAnta pakSameM nahIM ho sktii| isa taraha kAlAdike bhedase arthabheda mAnakara zabda naya unameM vibhinna zabdoMkA prayoga mAnatA hai| kAlAdi bhedase zabdabheda honepara bhI arthabheda nahIM mAnanA zabdanayAbhAsa hai / samabhirUDha-eka kAlavAcaka, eka liGgaka tathA eka saMkhyAka bhI aneka paryAyavAcI zabda hote haiM / samabhirUDha naya una pratyeka paryAyavAcI zabdoMke dvArA arthameM bheda mAnatA hai| isa nayake abhiprAyase eka liMgavAle indra, zakra tathA purandara ina tIna zabdoMmeM pravRtti nimittakI vibhinnatA honese vibhinnArthavAcakatA hai / zakrazabdakA pravRttinimitta zAsanakriyA, indrazabdakA pravRttinimitta indanakriyA tathA purandarazabdakA pravRttinimitta pUraNakriyA hai / ataH tInoM zabda vibhinna avasthAoMke vAcaka hai| zabdanayameM ekaliMgavAle paryAyavAcI zabdoMmeM artha bheda nahIM thA, para samabhirUDha nayameM vibhinna pravRttinimitta honese ekaliGgaka paryAyavAcI zabdoMmeM bhI arthabheda honA anivArya hai / paryAyavAcI zabdoMkI dRSTise arthameM bheda nahIM mAnanA samabhirUDhAbhAsa hai| evaMbhUtanaya-kriyAke bhedase bhI arthabheda mAnanevAlA evaMbhUtanaya hai / yaha naya kriyAkAlameM hI tarikrayAnimittaka zabdake prayogako sAdhu mAnatA hai| jaba indra indana-kriyA kara rahA ho usI samaya use indra kaha sakate haiM dasare samayameM nhiiN| samabhirUDha naya usa samaya kriyA ho yA na ho, para atIta-anAgata kriyA yA usa kriyAkI yogyatA honeke kAraNa tacchandakA prayoga mAna letA hai| para evaM bhatanaya kriyAkI maujUdagImeM hI takriyAse niSpanna zabdake prayogako sAdhu mAnatA hai| isa nayakI dRSTise jaba kArya kara rahA hai tabhI kAraka kahA jAyagA, kArya na karanekI avasthAmeM kAraka nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kriyAbheda honepara bhI arthako abhinna mAnanA evaMbhUtAbhAsa hai| ___ ina nayoMmeM uttarottara sUkSmatA evaM alpaviSayatA hai / naigamanaya saMkalpagrAhI honese sat asat donoMko viSaya karatA thA isalie sanmAtragrAhI saMgraha naya usase sUkSma evaM alpaviSayaka hotA hai / sanmAtragrAhI saMgrahanayase sadvizeSagrAhI vyavahAra alpaviSayaka evaM sUkSma huaa| trikAlavartI sadvizeSagrAhI vyavahAranayase vartamAnakAlIna sadvizeSa-arthaparyAyagrAhI RjusUtra sUkSma hai / zabdabheda honepara bhI abhinnArthagrAhI RjusUtrase kAlAdibhedase zabdabheda mAnakara bhinna arthako grahaNa karanevAlA zabdanaya sUkSma hai| paryAyabheda honepara bhI abhinna arthako grahaNa karanevAle zabdanayase paryAyavAcI zabdoMke bhedase arthabhedagrAhI samabhirUDha alpaviSayaka evaM sUkSmatara haa| kriyAbhedase arthabheda nahIM mAnanevAle samabhiruDhase kriyAbheda honepara arthabhedagrAhI evaMbhUta paramasUkSma evaM atyalpaviSayaka hotA hai / 4. nikSepanirUpaNa nikSepa-akhaNDa evaM anirvacanIya vastuko vyavahArameM lAneke lie usameM bheda kalpanA karaneko nikSepa kahate haiM / vyavahAra jJAna, zabda tathA artharUpase tIna prakArakA hotA hai| zabdAtmaka vyavahArake lie hI vastUkA devadata Adi nAma rakhA jAtA hai| ataH zabdavyavahArake nirvAha ke lie nAma nikSepakI sArthakatA hai / jJAnAtmaka-vyavahArake lie sthApanA nikSepa tathA arthAtmaka vyavahArake lie dravya aura bhAva nikSepa sArthaka haiM / zabdakA prayoga jAti, dravya, guNa, kriyA Adi nimittoMkI apekSAse hotA hai / jAti, dravya, guNa Adi nimittoMkI apekSA na karake icchAnusAra saMjJA rakhaneko nAmanikSepa kahate haiN| jaise kisI bAlakakI gajarAja saMjJAmAtra icchAnusAra hI kI gaI hai, usameM gajatvajAti, gajake guNa, gajakI kriyA Adi kI apekSA nahIM hai|
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________________ 4/ viziSTa nibandha : 69 jisakA nAmakaraNa ho cukA hai usakI usI AkAravAlI pratimA yA citrameM sthApanA karanA sadbhAva yA tadAkAra sthApanA kahalAtI hai / tathA bhinna AkAravAlI vastu meM sthApanA karanA asadbhAva yA atadAkAra sthApanA kahalAtI hai, jaise zataraMjake muharoMmeM ghor3e AdikI sthApanA / bhaviSyatkAlIna rAjaparyAyakI yogyatAke kAraNa yA bItI haI rAjaparyAyakA nimitta lekara vartamAnameM kisIko rAjA kahanA dravya nikSepa hai| tatparyAyaprApta vastumeM tatvyavahArako bhAvanikSepa kahate haiM, jaise vartamAna rAjaparyAyavAle rAjAko hI rAjA kahanA / aprastuta arthakA nirAkaraNa, prastuta arthakA prarUpaNa evaM saMzaya vinAzanake lie nikSepakI sArthakatA hai| anyatpanna zrotAkI apekSA aprastutakA nirAkaraNa karaneke lie, vyutpannakI apekSA yadi vaha saMzayita hai to saMzayavinAzake lie aura yadi viparyasta hai to prastuta arthake prarUpaNake lie nikSepakI sArthakatA hai| 5. saptabhaMgInirUpaNa saptabhaMgI-praznake anusAra vastumeM pramANAvirodhI vidhi-pratiSedhakI kalpanAko saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| vicAra karake dekhA jAya to saptabhaMgImeM mala bhaMga to tIna hI haiM, bAkI bhaMga saMyogaja haiN| Agama granthoMmeM 'siya atthi, siya Natthi, siya avattavvA' rUpase tIna hI bhaMgoMkA nirdeza hai| sarvaprathama AcArya kundakundake granthoMmeM hameM sAta bhaMgoMke darzana hote hai| anekAntadaSTikA uddezya paraspara virodhI dharmoMkA samanvaya karanA hai / vastutaH virodha to domeM hI hotA hai jaise nityatvakA anityatvase, bhedakA abhedase ityAdi / ataH pahile to paraspara virodhI do dharmoke samanvaya karanekI hI bAta uThatI hai / aise aneka virodhI yugala vastumeM raha sakate haiM ataH vastu anekAntAtmaka evaM anantadharmA kahI jAtI hai| avaktavya dharma to vastukI vAstavika sthiti batAnevAlA hai ki vastukA akhaNDaAtmarUpa zabdoMkA viSaya nahIM ho sakatA / koI jJAnI anirvacanIya, akhaNDa vastu ko kahanA cAhatA hai, vaha pahile usakA astirUpase varNana karatA hai para vastuke pUrNa varNana karanemeM asamartha honepara nAstirUpase varNana karatA hai / para isa samaya bhI vastukI anantadharmAtmakatAkI sImA taka nahIM pahu~ca paataa| lihAjA koziza karanepara bhI antameM use avaktavya kahatA hai / zabdameM vastutaH itanI sAmarthya nahIM hai ki vaha samagravastukA pUrNarUpase pratipAdana kre| isI anirvacanIya tattvakA upaniSadoMmeM 'asti asti' rUpase tathA 'neti neti' rUpase bhI varNana karanekA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| para varNana karanevAlA apanI tathA zabdakI asAmarthyapara khIja uThatA hai aura anta meM varavasa kaha uThatA hai ki-'yato vAco nivartante aprApya manasA saha-jisake vAstavika svarUpakI prApti vacana tathA mana bhI nahIM kara sakate ataH ve bhI usase nivRtta ho jAte haiM, aisA hai vaha vacana tathA manakA agocara akhaNDa, anirvacanIya, anantadharmA vastutattva / isI sthitike anusAra asti, nAsti tathA avaktavya ye tIna hI mUla bhaMga ho sakate haiN| Ageke bhaMga to vastutaH koI svatantra bhaMga nahIM haiN| kArmika bhaMgajAlakI taraha dvisaMyogIrUpase tRtIya, paJcama tathA SaSTha bhaMgakA AvirbhAva haA tathA saptamabhaMgakA trisaMyogIke ruupmeN| tIna mala bhaMgoMke apanarukta bhaMga sAta hI ho sakate haiM / kahIM-kahIM avaktavya bhaMgakA naMbara tIsarA hai aura kahIM ubhaya bhaMgakA / vastutaH avaktavya mala bhaMga hai / ataH usIkA naMbara tIsarA honA cAhiye / prathama bhaMgameM svadravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAvase vastukA astitva vivakSita hotA hai| dvitIya bhaMgameM paradravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAvase nAstitvakI vivakSA hotI hai| yadi vastumeM svadravyAdikI apekSAse astitva na mAnA jAya to vastu niHsvarUpa ho jaaygii| aura yadi parakA nAstitva na mAnA jAya to vastu sAMkarya ho jAyagA; kyoMki ghaTameM paTakA nAstitva na rahaneke kAraNa ghaTa aura paTa eka ho jAnA anivArya hI hai / yadyapi ApAtataH yaha mA lama hotA hai ki svasattva hI parAsattva hai; para vicAra karanese mAlama ho jAtA hai ki ye donoM
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________________ 70 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha eka dUsarese phalita na hokara svatantra dharma haiM; kyoMki inakI pravRttikI apekSAeM bhinna-bhinna haiM tathA kArya bhI bhinna hai / jaba hama yugapad anantadharmavAlI vastuko kahanA cAhate haiM to aisA koI zabda nahIM milatA jo aisI vastuke sabhI dharmoMkA yA vivakSita do dharmoMkA yugapat pradhAna bhAvase kathana kara sake / ataH kahanekI azakti honeke kAraNa vastu avaktavya hai| vastutaH padArtha svarUpase hI anirvacanIya hai aura padArthakI usI svarUpaniSTha anirvAcyatAkA dyotana yaha avaktavya nAmakA tIsarA bhaMga karatA hai| saMketake balapara aise kisI zabdakI kalpanA to kI hI jA sakatI hai jo do dharmoMkA bhI ekarasase kathana kara sakatA ho / ataH yaha bhaGga vastuke maulika vacanAtIta pUrNarUpakA dyotana karatA hai| cauthA asti-nAsti bhaMga-donoM dharmoMkI kramase vivakSA honepara banatA hai| kramase yahA~ kAlikakrama hI samajhanA caahiye| arthAt prathama samayameM astikI vivakSA tathA dUsare samayameM nAstikI vivakSA ho aura donoM samayoMkI vivakSAko moTI daSTise dekhanepara isa tRtIya bhaMgakA udaya hotA hai| aura yaha kramase astitva aura nAstitva donoM dharmoM kA pradhAnarUpase kathana karatA hai| pA~cavA~ asti-avaktavya bhaMga-astitva aura avaktavyakI kramika vivakSAmeM, arthAt prathama samayama astitvakI vivakSA tathA dasare samayameM avaktavyakI vivakSA honepara tathA donoM samayakI vivakSAoMpara sthaladaSTise vicAra karanepara asti-avaktavya bhaMga mAnA jAtA hai| yaha kramase astitva aura avaktavyatvakA pradhAnabhAvase kathana karatA hai| chaThavA~ nAsti-avaktavya bhaMga-nAstitva aura avaktavyakI kramika vivkssaameN| arthAta prathama samayameM nAstitvakI vivakSA tathA dUsare samayameM avaktavyakI vivakSA honepara tathA donoM samayoMkI vivakSAoMpara vyApakadRSTi rakhanepara nAsti-avaktavya bhaMgakI pravRtti hotI hai| yaha kramase nAstitva aura avaktavyatvakA pradhAnabhAvase kathana karatA hai| sAtavA~ asti-nAsti-avaktavyabhaMga-asti, nAsti aura avaktavyakI kramika vivakSAmeM, arthAt prathama samayameM astitvakI vivakSA, dUsare samayameM nAstitvakI vivakSAse astinAsti bhaMga banA, isIke anantara tRtIya samayameM avaktavyakI vivakSA honepara tathA tInoM samayoMkI vivakSAoMpara sthaladRSTise vicAra karanepara asti nAsti-avaktavya bhaMgakI sRSTi hotI hai| yaha kramase astitva, nAstitva tathA avaktavyatva dharmokA pradhAnarUpase kathana karatA hai| yahA~ yaha bAta khAsa dhyAna dene yogya hai ki pratyeka bhaMgameM apane dharmakI mukhyatA rahatI hai tathA zeSa dharmokI gauNatA / isI mukhya-gauNabhAvake sUcanArtha 'syAt' zabdakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| 'syAt' kA artha hai kathaJcit, arthAt amuka apekSAse vastu isa rUpa hai| isase dUsare dharmoMkA niSedha nahIM kiyA jaataa| pratyeka bhaMgakI sthiti sApekSa hai aura isI sApekSatAkA sUcaka 'syAt' zabda hotA hai| sApekSatAke isa siddhAntako nahIM samajhanevAloMke lie pratyeka bhaMgake sAtha syAt zabdake prayogakA niyama hai; kyoMki syAt zabdake prayoga kie binA unheM sandeha ho sakatA hai| para yadi vaktA yA zrotA kuzala hai taba isake prayogakA niyama nahIM haiN| kyoMki binA prayogake hI ve syAcchabdake sApekSatva arthako buddhigata kara sakate haiN| athavA spaSTatAke lie isakA prayoga honA hI caahie| jaise 'aham asmi' ina do padoM meMse kisI ekakA prayoga karanese dUsarekA matalaba nikala AtA hai, para spaSTatAke lie donoMkA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| saMsArameM samajhadAroMkI apekSA kamasamajha yA nAsamajhoMkI saMkhyA ausata darje adhika rahatI AI hai| ataH sarvatra syAta zabdakA prayoga karanA hI rAjamArga hai|
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 71 syAdasti-avaktavya Adi tIna bhaMga paramatakI apekSA bhI isa taraha lagAye jAte haiM ki--advaitavAdiyoMkA sanmAtra tatva asti hokara bhI avaktavya hai, kyoMki kevala sAmAnyameM vacanakI pravRtti nahIM hotii| bauddhoMkA anyApoha nAstirUpa hokara bhI avaktavya hai; kyoMki zabdake dvArA mAtra anyakA apoha karanese kisI vidhirUpa vastukA bodha nahIM ho sakegA / vaizeSikake svatantra sAmAnya aura vizeSa asti-nAsti rUpa-sAmAnya vizeSa rUpa hokara bhI avaktavya-zabdake vAcya nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki donoMko svatantra mAnanese unameM sAmAnya-vizeSabhAva nahIM ho skegaa| sarvathA bhinna sAmAnya aura vizeSa zabdakI pravRtti nahIM hotI aura na vaisI hAlatameM koI arthakriyA hI ho sakatI hai| sakalAdeza-vikalAdeza--ina bhaMgoMkA prayoga do dRSTiyoMse hotA hai--1-sakalAdezadRSTi, jise syAdvAdazabdase bhI vyavahRta kiyA gayA hai aura yahI pramANarUpa hotI hai / 2-vikalAdezadRSTi, ise naya zabdase kahate haiM / eka dharmake dvArA samasta vastuko akhaNDarUpase grahaNa karanevAlA sakalAdeza hai tathA usI dharmako pradhAna tathA zaSa dharmoMko gauNa karanevAlA vikalAdeza hai| syAdvAda anekAntAtmaka arthako grahaNa karatA hai, jaise 'jIvaH' kahanese jJAnadarzanAdi asAdhAraNa guNavAle, sattva-prameyatvAdi sAdhAraNa svabhAvavAle tathA amatatva-asaMkhyAtapradezitva Adi sAdhAraNAsAdhAraNa-dharmazAlI jIvakA samagra bhAvase grahaNa ho jAtA hai| isameM sabhI dharma ekarUpase gRhIta hote haiM ataH yahA~ gauNa-mukhyavivakSA antarlIna ho jAtI hai| vikalAdeza-naya eka dharmakA mukhyatayA kathana karatA hai / jaise 'jJo jIvaH' kahanese jIvake jJAnaguNakA mukhyatayA bodha hogA tathA zeSadharma gauNarUpase usIke garbha meM pratibhAsita hoMge / eka dharmakA mukhyatayA bodha karAneke kAraNa hI vaha vAkya vikalAdeza yA naya kahA jAtA hai| nayameM bhI syAt padakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai aura vaha isalie ki-zeSadharmokI gauNatA usameM sUcita hotI rahe, unakA nirAkaraNa na ho jAya / isIlie syAtpadalAJchita naya samyak naya kahalAtA hai| 'syAjjIva eva' yaha vAkya anantadharmAtmaka jIvakA akhaNDabhAvase bodha karAtA hai, ataH yaha sakalAdezavAkya hai| 'syAdastyeva jIvaH' isa vAkyameM jIvake astitva dharmakA mukhyatayA kathana hotA hai ataH yaha vikalAdezAtmaka nayavAkya hai| tAtparya yaha ki sakalAdezameM dhamivAcaka zabdake sAtha evakArakA prayoga hotA hai aura vikalAdezameM dharmavAcaka zabdake sAtha / akalaMkadevane rAjavArtikameM donoM vAkyoMkA 'syAdastyeva jIvaH' yahI udAharaNa diyA hai aura unakI sakala-vikalAdezatA samajhAte hue likhA hai ki--jahA~ asti zabdake dvArA sArI vastu samagrabhAvase pakar3a lI jAya vahA~ sakalAdeza, tathA jahA~ astike dvArA astitvadharmamukhyaka evaM zeSAnantadharmagauNaka vastu kahI jAya vaha vikalAdeza samajhanA caahie| isa taraha donoM vAkyoMmeM yadyapi samagra vastu gRhIta huI para sakalAdezameM sabhI dharma mukhyarUpase gRhota hue haiM jaba ki vikalAdezameM eka hI dharma mukhyarUpase gRhIta huA hai / yahA~ yaha prazna sahaja hI uTha sakatA hai ki-'jaba sakalAdezakA pratyeka bhaMga samagra vastukA grahaNa karatA hai taba sakalAdezake sAtoM bhaMgoMmeM paraspara bheda kyA huA ?' isakA uttara yaha hai ki--yadyapi sabhI dharmoMmeM pUrI vastu gahIta hotI hai sahI, para syAdasti bhaMgameM astitva dharmake dvArA tathA syAnnAsti bhaMgameM nAstitva dharmake dvaaraa| unameM mukhya-gauNabhAva bhI itanA hI hai ki jahA~ asti zabdakA prayoga hai vahA~ mAtra 'asti' isa zAbdika prayoga hIkI mukhyatA hai dharmakI nhiiN| zeSadharmokI gauNatAkA tAtparya hai unakA zAbdika apryog| ___ isa taraha akalaMkadevane sAtoM hI bhaMgoMko sakalAdeza tathA vikalAdeza kahA hai / siddhasenagaNi Adi asti, nAsti tathA avaktavya ina tIna bhaMgoMko ekadharmavAlI vastuko grahaNa karaneke kAraNa vikalAdeza tathA zeSa bhaMgoMko anekadharmavAlI vastu grahaNa karaneke kAraNa sakalAdeza kahate haiN|
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________________ 72 : DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina nyAyAcArya smRti-grantha malayagiri AcAryakI dRSTise saba hI naya mithyArUpa hai| inakA kahanA hai ki yadi nayavAkyameM syAt zabdakA prayoga kiyA jAyagA to ve syAcchabdake dvArA sUcita anantadharmoke grAhaka ho jAneke kAraNa pramANarUpa hI ho jAya~ge / ataH pramANavAkyameM hI syAcchabdakA prayoga unake matase ThIka hai naya vAkyameM nhiiN| isI Azayase unhoMne akalaMkake matakI mamAlocanA ko hai / upA0 yazovijayajIne isakA samAdhAna karate hue likhA hai ki--mAtra syAt padake prayogase hI nayavAkyameM pramANatA nahIM A sakatI; kyoMki pramANameM to anantadharmoMkA mukhyatayA grahaNa hotA hai jabaki sunayameM syAcchabda-sUcita bAkI dharma gauNa rahate haiM Adi / ataH samantabhadra, siddhasena Adi dvArA upajJAta yahI vyavasthA ThIka hai ki-sApekSa naya samyaka, tathA nirapekSa naya mithyA hote haiN| saMzayAdi dRSaNa--anekAtmaka vastumeM saMzayAdi duSaNoMke zikAra jaina hI nahIM bane kintu itara loga bhI hue haiM / jainakI taraha pAtaJjalamahAbhASyameM vastuko utpAdAdidharmazAlI kahA hai| vyAsabhASyameM pariNAmakA lakSaNa karate hue spaSTa likhA hai ki-'avasthitasya dravyasya pUrvadharmanivRttau dharmAntarotpattiH pariNAmaH' arthAt sthira dravyakI eka avasthAkA nAza honA tathA dUsarIkA utpanna honA hI pariNAma hai / isI bhASyameM 'sAmAnyavizeSAtmano'rthasya' prayoga karake arthakI sAmAnya vizeSAtmakatA bhI dhotita kI hai| bhaTTakumArilane mImAMsAzlokavAtikameM arthakI sAmAnyavizeSAtmakatA tathA bhedAbhedAtmakatAkA itara-dUSaNoMkA parihAra karake prabala samarthana kiyA hai| unhoMne samantabhadrakI "ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam" (AptamI0 kA0 59 ) jaisI-"vardhamAnakabhaMgena rucakaH kriyate ydaa| tadA pUrvArthinaH zokaH prItizcApyuttarAthinaH / / hemAthinastu mAdhyasthyaM tasmAdvastu trayAtmakam / " ityAdi kArikAe~ likhakara bahuta spaSTarUpase vastuke trayAtmakatvakA samarthana kiyA hai| bhAskarAcAryane bhAskarabhASyameM brahmase avasthAoMkA bhedAbheda samarthana bahuta vistArase kiyA hai| kumArilAnuyAyI pArthasArathimizra bhI avayava-avayavI, dharma-dharmI AdimeM kathaJcita bhedAbhedakA samarthana karate haiM / sAMkhyake matase pradhAna eka hote hue bhI triguNAtmaka, nitya hokara bhI anitya, avyakta hokara bhI vyakta Adi rUpase pariNAmI nitya mAnA gayA hai| vyAsabhASyameM 'trailokyaM vyakterapati nityatvapratiSedhAt, apetamapyasti vinAzapratiSedhAt' likhakara vastukI nityAnityAtmakatA dyotita kI hai| isa saMkSipta yAdIse itanA dhyAnameM A jAtA hai ki jainakI taraha kumArilAdi mImAMsaka tathA sAMkhya bhedAbhedavAdI evaM nityAnityavAdI the| dUSaNa udbhAvita karanevAloMmeM hama sabase prAcIna bAdarAyaNa AcAryako kaha sakate haiN| unhoMne brahmasatra meM 'nakasminnasaMbhavAt'-ekameM anekatA asambhava hai-likhakara sAmAnyarUpase ekAnekavAdiyoMkA khaMDana kiyA hai| upalabdha bauddha granthoMmeM dharmakIrti pramANavAtikameM sAMkhyake bhedAbhedameM virodha udabhAvana karake 'etenaiva yadahIkAH' Adi likhate haiM / tAtparya yaha ki dharmakItikA mukhya AkSepa sAMkhyake Upara hai tathA unhIM doSoMkA upasaMhAra jainakA khaMDana karate hue kiyA gayA hai| dharmakItike TIkAkAra karNakagomi jahA~ bhI bhedAbhedAtmakatAkA khaMDana karate haiM vahA~ 'etena jainajaiminIyaH yaduktam' Adi zabda likhakara jaina aura jaiminike Upara eka hI sAtha prahAra karate haiN| eka sthAnapara to 'taduktaM jainajaiminIyaH' likhakara samantabhadrakI AptamImAMsAkA 'sarvAtmakaM tadekaM syAdanyApohavyatikrame' yaha kArikAMza uddhRta kiyA hai| eka jagaha digambarakA khaMDana karate hae 'tadAha' karake samantabhadrakI 'ghaTamaulisuvaNarthIi, payovrato na dadhyatti, na sAmAnyAtmanodeti' ina tIna kArikAoMke bIcameM kumArilakI 'na nAzena vinA zoko notpAdena vinA sukham / sthityA vinA na mAdhyasthyaM tasmAdvastu trayAtmakam // " yaha kArikA bhI uddhRta kI hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki bauddha granthakAroMkA
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________________ 4 / viziSTa nibandha : 73 prahAra bhedAbhedAtmaka aMzameM sAMkhyake sAtha hI sAtha jaina aura jaiminipara samAnarUpase hotA thaa| unakA jainake nAmase kumArilakI kArikAko uddhata karanA tathA samantabhadrakI kArikAke Upara jainake sAtha jaiminikA bhI prayoga karanA isa bAtako spaSTa batalAtA hai ki unakI daSTimeM jaina aura jaiminimeM bhedAbhedAtmaka mAnanevAloMke rUpase bheda nahIM thaa| tattvasaMgrahakArane to 'vipranirgranthakApilaH' likhakara isa bAtako atyanta spaSTa kara diyA hai| saMzayAdi ATha daSaNa abhI taka kisI granthameM eka sAtha nahIM dekhe gae haiN| zAMkarabhASyameM virodha aura saMzaya ina do daSaNoMkA spaSTa ullekha hai, tattvasaMgrahameM sAMkarya dUSaNa bhI diyA gayA hai| bAkI pramANavAttika AdimeM mukhyarUpase virodha dUSaNa hI diyA gayA hai| vastutaH samasta dUSaNoMkA mUla AdhAra to virodha hI hai / hA~, syAdvAdaratnAkara ( pR0 738 ) meM naiyAyikakI eka kArikA 'taduktam' karake uddhRta kI hai"saMzayavirodhavaiyadhikaraNyasaMkaramathobhayaM doSaH / anavasthA vyatikaramapi jainamate sapta doSAH syuH // " | kArikAmeM eka sAtha sAta dUSaNa ginAe gae haiN| ATha daSaNoMkA parihAra bhI sarvaprathama akalaMkane hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki-jaise mecakaratna eka hokara bhI aneka virodhI raMgoMko yugapat dhAraNa karatA hai, usI taraha pratyeka vastu virodhI aneka dharmoko dhAraNa kara sakatI hai / isI mecakaratnake dRSTAntase saMzayAdi doSoMkA parihAra bhI kiyA hai| sAmAnya-vizeSakA dRSTAnta bhI isI prasaMgameM diyA hai-jaise pRthivItva jAti pRthivIvyaktiyoMmeM anugata honese sAmAnyarUpa hokara bhI jalAdise vyAvartaka hone ke kAraNa vizeSAtmaka hai aura isa taraha paraspara virodhI sAmAnya-vizeSa ubhaya rUpoMko dhAraNa karatI hai, usI taraha samasta padArtha eka hokara bhI anekAtmaka ho sakate haiN| pramANasiddha vastumeM virodhAdi doSoMko koI sthAna hI nahIM hai| jisa prakAra eka vRkSa avayava vizeSameM calAtmaka tathA avayava vizeSakI dRSTise acalAtmaka hotA hai, eka hI ghar3A ekadezena lAlaraMgakA tathA dUsare dezameM anya raMgakA, ekadezena DhaMkA huA tathA anyadezase anAvRta, ekadezena naSTa tathA dUsare dezase anaSTa raha sakatA hai, usI taraha eka vastu bhI anekadharmavAlI ho sakatI hai|