________________
Negation : Some Indian theories
65
x is limited by y iff (a) both x and y are properties,
(b) x is a relational property and (c) the property y is a mode of
presentation of the object where
the relational property x resides. In this context it is to be noted that the term 'property' is used in a very wide sense. When all the above conditions are satisfied, x is the entity limited and y is the entity limitor. It is also to be noted that the term limited by' has been used in different senses in different contexts. Let us enumerate some of the senses of the term 'limited by' or 'limitor of.9 (A) x is a limitor of y iff (z) (if y occurs in z, then x occurs
in z). (B) x is a limitor of y iff (z) (y occurs in z iff x occurs in z). (C) x is a limitor of y iff (z) (if x occurs in z, then y occurs
in z). In addition to these senses the concept of limitor has also been defined in terms of an unanalysable relational property called 'limitor-ship', which is a self linking (svarūpa) relation. But our use of the term 'limited by' is different from all these senses. Our use of this term might be called an 'Epistemic use as opposed to all other senses which might be called 'Ontological uses'. This epistemic use of this term is predominant in the later development of the Nyāya philosophy.
The relation determined by might be defined in the foll. owing way :
x is determined by y iff both x and y are relational properties of correlatives.
Now let us classify the different types of relations cog. nised in different relational cognitions. The Nyāya concept of relation is very important for understanding the Nyāya concept of negation. According to the Nyāya all relations are dyadic. All higher order relations are reduced to a set of dyadic relations A relational or qualificative cognition has the form a R b', where a is the first term and b is the SP-9
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
