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Studies in Indian Philosophy
avācyam iti yad văcyam tad avācyatayı yada vācyam iti avasiyeta vācyam eva tadā bhavet. athāpy avācyam ity evam na tad vācyam pratiyate vivakşitāsya yavasthā saiva nadhyavasiyate. tathânyathā sarvatha ca yasyāvācyatvam ucyate;
tatrāpi naiva sāvasthā taih sabda ih pratişidhyate. 14 Helārāja on VP III. 3.3.p. 138. 12-13. 15 See Russell, 1908.
16 See Suppe s, 1960.
17 The ordered pair <n, N> would be defined as the set {{n}, {n, N}} whose
members are the set {n} whose only member is n, and the set {n, N} whose members are n and N; so it would follow that N would be a member of a member of <R, N>. See Suppes, 1960 (Chapter 2 Defini
tion 10, and also Chapter 3). 18 What is in question is the proposition that N might be a member of
some set {n, N} which is a member of <n, N> which is a member of N. 19 It should be remarked that there do exist some rather special axiomatic
set theories in which the axiom of regularity does not hold; one well-, known example is W. V. Quine's system NF (“New Foundations") described in Quine, 1963. These systems show the possibility of operating consistently with nooregular sets; but it is not easy to see how they could provide any intuitively satisfactory resolution for Bharthari's paradox.
samavāyāt sva ādhāraḥ svä сa jātih pratiyate ekārthasamavāyāt tu gunah svādhāra eva ye.
20
Bibliography
Note : We have used two editions of Vāk yapadiya. For references to Book
III Chapters 1 through 7 (VP II. 1-7) see lyer, 1963; for all other
references to VP see Rau, 1977. Iyer, Subramania 1963 Väkyapadiya of Bhartīhari with the commentary of Helärä ja
Kanda III, part I (Deccan College, Poona). 1969 Bharighari; a study of the Väkyapadiya in the light of
ancient commentaries (Deccan College, Poona). 1971 The Vakyapadiya of Bhartshari, Chapter III, Part 1: English
translation (Deccan College, Poona).
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