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Circularity in the inductive justification
is greater than chance. In other words, Argument No. 1 guarantees that the general vyapti theory will be legitimate in all three times past, present, and future; and this is one of the explict necessary conditions of a legitimate vyapti and thus of tarka as pramāņa.9°
Without presupposing certain assumptions, you cannot predict for the future and thus justify the continuing sound. ness of vyapti relations. These relations, in turn, implicitly depend on a grounding in an implicit inductive argument, such as above, plus the assumption of the regularity of causal laws. These assumptions are exactly the points in question here. One cannot justify the use of these causal laws without presupposing (a priori) tarka and vyapti relationships, that is, the jump from viseṣa to samanya in both general and specific vyapti justifications. Thus tarka cannot prove any specific vyapti without implicitly presupposing a general vyapti theory prior to such discussion. It is in these multileveled metadiscussions and implicit arguments that we find the circularity of tarka. Consider the following three arguments, an expanfrom ion of the concept of tarka and which continues sArgument No. 1.
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Argument No. 2: NCE Justification of General vyapti Theory pratijña: The general theory of vyapti is established : (that is, authorized for anumanas which specific vyapti).
hetu i
Because (ablative case) of finding NCE in the appro priate field-dependent range of viable pramāņas dṛṣṭanta (If) No counter example (then) vyapti can be established. 21
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use a
Argument No. 3: An Authorization for the Application No. 2 to Specific Cases (for example, Argument No. 4) that is the TARKA JUSTIFICATION for argument 4. pratijna: This specific vyapti ("where there is smoke is fire") claim should be accepted.
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