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Jaina Philosophy and Religion minate cognition of the object. The determinate cognition of the form of avāya leaves behind its traces (samskāra). When these traces are revived in future, they give rise to the memory of the thing determinately cognised in the past. These traces and the memory are called dhāraņā. Retention of the determinate cognition in the form of traces, revival of these traces and memory of the thing determinately cognised in avāyaall this operation of matijñāna is designated by the term dhāraņā.
Here we close the topic of the four gradual stages of empirical perception.
The scriptures recognise four types of intellect, viz., autpattikī, vainayikā, karmajā and pāriņāmiki and regard them as forms of matijñāna. The intellect that can instantaneously and spontaneously solve the difficult problem is called autpattikī intellect. So the autpattiki intellect can be called 'the instantaneous intellect'. The intellect born of humility, service and culture is called vainayikī intellect. The intellect developed due to skill in arts and crafts as also due to practical experience is called karmajā intellect. The intellect that develops and becomes mature with the maturity of age is called pāriņāmiki intellect.
The Nandīsūtra mentions these four intellects and points out the wellknown illustrations of each of them by giving their short names or titles. And Acārya Malayagiri has narrated those illustrative stories in brief in his commentary on the concerned portion of the Nandīsūtra. Some of them are very interesting. Depending on this commentary, we narrate here one or two of them in order to give some idea of the subject-matter.
To illustrate the autpattiki intellect, the commentator has given an illustrative story well-known even to-day among the people. It is as follows: There were two widows of the same husband. Either of them claimed to be the mother of the same male child. The judge, after listening to the quarrels for a long time, ordered to divide the living child into two, and give half to one, and half to the other. The pseudo-mother kept quiet on hearing the judgement. But the real mother experienced shudder, broke down and with overwhelming affection said, "Sir, the child is not mine. Please, give it to her.” On hearing these words, the judge at once decided as to who was the real mother. That settled the question. The intellect of the judge was the autpattikī intellect.
To illustrate the vainayikī intellect, the following story is narrated. There were two astrologers. An old woman with a pot on her head met them on her way back home. She asked them as to when her son would come
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