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Metaphysics, Ethics and Spiritual Development
195
different men (or beings) are due to the different degrees of kşayopasama (weakening) of the jñānāvaraṇīya-karma. As there are four types of darśana (vision or general cognition), viz., caksurdarśana, acakṣurdarśana, avadhidarśana and kevaladarśana, correspondingly there are also four types of darśanāvaraṇīya karma, viz., caksurdarśanāvaraṇīya-karma, acakşurdarśanāvaranīya-karma, avadhidarśanāvaraṇīya-karma and kevaladarśanavaranīya-karma. Besides these four, there are five more types of darśanāvaraṇīya-karma; they are as follows: (1) The karma whose manifestation brings about the type of sleep from which one can be easily awakened is called nidrāvedaniya. (2) The karma whose manifestation brings about the type of sleep from which one can be awakened with difficulty is called nidrānidrāvedaniya. (3) The karma whose manifestation brings about the type of sleep which overtakes one while sitting or standing is called pracalāvedaniya. (4) The karma whose manifestation brings about the type of sleep which overtakes one while walking is called pracalāpracalāvedaniya. (5) And the karma whose manifestation brings about the type of sleep when one comes to possess the energy enabling one to accomplish a task thought of during the waking state is called styānagyddhi.' There are two types of vedaniya-karma, viz., sātavedaniya and asātavedaniya. The karma whose manifestation makes a being experience pleasure is called sātavedanīya. And the karma whose manifestation makes a being experience pain is called asātavedanīya. There are two main types of mohanīya-karma, viz., darśanamohaniya-karma (right-attitude-deluding karma) and cāritramohaniya-karma (right-conduct-deluding karma). We have already described āyusya-karma, nāma-karma, gotra-karma, and antarāya-karma. There are five types of antarāya-karma, viz., dānāntarāya, lābhāntarāya, bhogāntarāya, upabhogāntarāya and viryantarāya. Dānāntarāya-karma places obstacles in the way of offering something. Lābhāntarāya-karma acts as an obstacle to gain or profit. Bhogāntarāya-karma prevents the enjoying of objects or things which can be enjoyed more than once. Upabhogāntarāyakarma prevents the enjoying of things which can be enjoyed only once. Viryāntarāya-karma acts as an obstacle to the will-power; you would like to do an act but still you cannot; you know that it is right yet you cannot do it. The different degrees of efficiency or energy, which are seen in different men (or beings) are due to the different degrees of kşayopasama
1. Thus there are five types of sleep, viz. nidrā, nidrā-nidrā, pracalā, pracalā-pracalā and
styānagyddhi. These divisions of sleep are based on the different degrees of the intensity of sleep.
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