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Jaina Philosophy and Religion
Kartṛtvavāda (Doctrine of the Soul as Agent)
sopādhir ātmā jagati pravṛtto 'nupādhir ātmā na vahed upadhim/ evam hi kartṛtvam akartṛtām cāśrityodbhavantaḥ kalaha vyapeyuḥ //12// The soul associated with adjuncts like body, sense-organs, etc., does perform activities. But the soul which has attained its pure and pristine nature of Existence, Consciousness and Bliss, which has consequently freed itself from adjuncts, and which has gained the state of Supreme Soul, has not to bear the burden of adjuncts and as a result has not to get involved in any activity. Thus the controversy as to whether the soul is the agent (kartā) or not is resolved. (12)
Sākāravāda-Nirākāravāda (Doctrines of Supreme Soul with and without form)
sākārabhāve saśarīratāyāṁ nirākṛtitve ca videhatāyām / sangacchamane parameśvarasya virodhabhāvo 'navakāśa eva //13// The Supreme Soul did have form in the state when it assumed bodies. But it does not have any form in the state when it has absolutely freed itself from body. Thus, as both the views are reconcilable from two different standpoints, there is no scope for them to contradict one another. (13)
Ātmavibhutvavāda (Doctrine of all-pervasiveness of soul)
śarīramāno'sti śarīradhārī vibhuḥ punar jñānavibhutvayogāt /
ittham budho 'vaibhava-vaibhavasya samanvayaṁ satkurute tvadiyam //14// So long as the soul assumes bodies, its size is equal to the body it inhabits. And when it shines with the all-pervading (i.e., all-comprehending) light of knowledge, it can very well be regarded as all-pervading from the standpoint of its all-pervading knowledge. Thus, the wise respectfully accept the synthesis effected by you of the two apparently opposite views, one maintaining that the soul is all-pervasive and the other that it is not all-pervasive. (According to the Jaina philosophy, the soul possesses innumerable space-points. So when they expand and spread, they pervade the whole universe (loka) which too has innumerable space-points. From this standpoint also, the soul is all-pervasive). (14)
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